diff --git a/.dvc-store.dvc b/.dvc-store.dvc
deleted file mode 100644
index 37cbd50..0000000
--- a/.dvc-store.dvc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-outs:
-- md5: b52c8929353b5ed374f10aab8c4e7837.dir
-  size: 753948666
-  nfiles: 234
-  hash: md5
-  path: .dvc-store
diff --git a/.dvc/.gitignore b/.dvc/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 528f30c..0000000
--- a/.dvc/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-/config.local
-/tmp
-/cache
diff --git a/.dvc/config b/.dvc/config
deleted file mode 100644
index 21df50b..0000000
--- a/.dvc/config
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[core]
-    analytics = false
-    remote = r2
-['remote "r2"']
-    url = s3://share/sec-cybert
-    endpointurl = https://0a665ba1f35a38354b3f623be13f14bd.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
-    region = auto
-['remote "public"']
-    url = https://share.lightningcode.dev/sec-cybert
diff --git a/.dvcignore b/.dvcignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 5197305..0000000
--- a/.dvcignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Add patterns of files dvc should ignore, which could improve
-# the performance. Learn more at
-# https://dvc.org/doc/user-guide/dvcignore
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..641ea14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# LFS-tracked compressed store
+.lfs-store/**/*.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f561072..265a5cd 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-# Data (too large for git — managed by DVC)
+# Data (working copies — compressed copies tracked via Git LFS in .lfs-store/)
 data/
 models/
 checkpoints/
-.dvc-store/
 *.tar.zst
 
 # Dependencies
@@ -55,5 +54,4 @@ unsloth_compiled_cache/
 # Finder (MacOS) folder config
 .DS_Store
 python/*.whl
-/.dvc-store
 
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index 31ff78b..fc05bc8 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -58,14 +58,22 @@ All commands run from repo root via `bun run <script>`. No need to cd into subpa
 |--------|-------------|
 | `py:train` | CLI entrypoint (`uv run main.py` — pass subcommand as arg, e.g. `bun run py:train dapt --config ...`) |
 
-### Data management (`data:*`)
+### Data & checkpoints (`data:*`, `ckpt:*`, `sync:*`)
+
+Large files are compressed with zstd-19 into `.lfs-store/` and tracked via Git LFS on Gitea (`git.claiborne.soy`). Per-file xxh3 hashing ensures only changed files are recompressed/uploaded.
 
 | Script | What it does |
 |--------|-------------|
-| `data:push` | Compress `data/` → `.dvc-store/`, DVC add + push to R2 |
-| `data:pull` | DVC pull from R2 + decompress into `data/` |
+| `data:push` | Compress `data/` → `.lfs-store/`, commit + push via LFS (default) |
+| `data:pull` | Git LFS pull + decompress into `data/` |
+| `ckpt:push` | Compress checkpoints → `.lfs-store/`, commit + push via LFS |
+| `ckpt:pull` | Git LFS pull + decompress checkpoints |
+| `sync:push` | Push both data + checkpoints |
+| `sync:pull` | Pull both data + checkpoints |
 | `data:package` | Build standalone `.tar.zst` archives for submission |
 
+Checkpoint sync excludes `optimizer.pt`, `scheduler.pt`, `rng_state.pth`, and `.data_cache/` (resume-only state, regenerable).
+
 ### Cross-package
 
 | Script | What it does |
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 692003b..08bd531 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@
     "typecheck": "bun run --filter '*' typecheck",
     "data:push": "./scripts/data-push.sh",
     "data:pull": "./scripts/data-pull.sh",
-    "data:package": "./scripts/package-data.sh"
+    "data:package": "./scripts/package-data.sh",
+    "ckpt:push": "./scripts/data-push.sh --checkpoints-only",
+    "ckpt:pull": "./scripts/data-pull.sh --checkpoints-only",
+    "sync:push": "./scripts/data-push.sh --all",
+    "sync:pull": "./scripts/data-pull.sh --all"
   },
   "workspaces": [
     "packages/*",
diff --git a/scripts/data-pull.sh b/scripts/data-pull.sh
index e1c8c50..07a5c31 100755
--- a/scripts/data-pull.sh
+++ b/scripts/data-pull.sh
@@ -1,57 +1,145 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# DVC pull → decompress .dvc-store/ back into data/.
+# Pull LFS objects and decompress .lfs-store/ → data/ and checkpoints/.
+# Uses xxh3 manifest for skip logic — only decompresses files that changed.
 #
 # Counterpart: scripts/data-push.sh
 #
 # Usage:
-#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh           # pull + decompress all
-#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh --local   # decompress only (skip dvc pull, use existing cache)
+#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh                      # data only (default)
+#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh --checkpoints-only   # checkpoints only
+#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh --all                # data + checkpoints
+#   ./scripts/data-pull.sh --local              # decompress only (skip git pull)
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
 REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
-DATA_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/data"
-STORE_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/.dvc-store"
-SKIP_PULL=false
-[[ "${1:-}" == "--local" ]] && SKIP_PULL=true
-
+STORE_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/.lfs-store"
+MANIFEST="$REPO_ROOT/.lfs-manifest"
 THREADS=$(nproc 2>/dev/null || sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 4)
 
-if ! $SKIP_PULL; then
-  echo "=== DVC pull ==="
-  cd "$REPO_ROOT"
-  # Pull from public HTTP remote (no credentials needed)
-  uvx --with 'dvc[s3]' dvc pull -r public
-  echo ""
-fi
+# --- Parse flags -----------------------------------------------------------------
+MODE="data-only"
+SKIP_PULL=false
 
-if [[ ! -d "$STORE_DIR" ]]; then
-  echo "Error: .dvc-store/ not found — run dvc pull first or check .dvc-store.dvc exists" >&2
-  exit 1
-fi
+for arg in "$@"; do
+  case "$arg" in
+    --data-only)        MODE="data-only" ;;
+    --checkpoints-only) MODE="checkpoints-only" ;;
+    --all)              MODE="all" ;;
+    --local)            SKIP_PULL=true ;;
+    *) echo "Unknown flag: $arg" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
 
-echo "=== Decompressing .dvc-store/ → data/ ==="
+# --- Helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+scope_prefixes() {
+  case "$MODE" in
+    data-only)        echo "data/" ;;
+    checkpoints-only) echo "checkpoints/" ;;
+    all)              echo "data/"; echo "checkpoints/" ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+in_scope() {
+  local path="$1"
+  local prefix
+  while IFS= read -r prefix; do
+    [[ "$path" == "$prefix"* ]] && return 0
+  done < <(scope_prefixes)
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Build --include patterns for git lfs pull
+lfs_include_patterns() {
+  local patterns=()
+  local prefix
+  while IFS= read -r prefix; do
+    patterns+=("--include=.lfs-store/${prefix}**")
+  done < <(scope_prefixes)
+  echo "${patterns[@]}"
+}
+
+# --- Main ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$TMP_DIR"' EXIT
+
+echo "=== LFS pull (mode: $MODE) ==="
 echo "Threads: $THREADS"
 echo ""
 
-count=0
+# 1. Git pull (fetch manifest + LFS pointers)
+if ! $SKIP_PULL; then
+  echo "Pulling from remote..."
+  cd "$REPO_ROOT"
+  git pull
+  echo ""
 
-while IFS= read -r -d '' zstfile; do
-  relpath="${zstfile#$STORE_DIR/}"
-  relpath="${relpath%.zst}"  # strip .zst to get original relative path
-  dstfile="$DATA_DIR/$relpath"
-  dstdir="$(dirname "$dstfile")"
+  echo "Fetching LFS objects..."
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2046
+  git lfs pull $(lfs_include_patterns)
+  echo ""
+fi
 
-  # Skip if destination exists and is newer than compressed source
-  if [[ -f "$dstfile" && "$dstfile" -nt "$zstfile" ]]; then
+# 2. Verify manifest exists
+if [[ ! -f "$MANIFEST" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: .lfs-manifest not found — run git pull first or check that data has been pushed" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -d "$STORE_DIR" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: .lfs-store/ not found — run git lfs pull first" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# 3. Read manifest, find files needing decompression
+echo "Checking which files need decompression..."
+TO_DECOMPRESS=()
+
+while IFS=$'\t' read -r relpath hash size ts; do
+  [[ "$relpath" == "#"* || -z "$relpath" ]] && continue
+  in_scope "$relpath" || continue
+
+  zstfile="$STORE_DIR/${relpath}.zst"
+  if [[ ! -f "$zstfile" ]]; then
+    echo "  warning: missing compressed file: ${relpath}.zst" >&2
     continue
   fi
 
-  mkdir -p "$dstdir"
-  zstd -d -T"$THREADS" -q --force "$zstfile" -o "$dstfile"
-  count=$((count + 1))
-done < <(find "$STORE_DIR" -name '*.zst' -type f -print0)
+  dst="$REPO_ROOT/$relpath"
+
+  # Skip if destination exists and hash matches
+  if [[ -f "$dst" ]]; then
+    current_hash=$(xxh3sum "$dst" | awk '{print $1}')
+    current_hash="${current_hash#XXH3_}"
+    if [[ "$current_hash" == "$hash" ]]; then
+      continue
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  TO_DECOMPRESS+=("$relpath")
+done < "$MANIFEST"
+
+echo "  ${#TO_DECOMPRESS[@]} files to decompress"
+
+if [[ ${#TO_DECOMPRESS[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo ""
+  echo "Everything up to date."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# 4. Decompress in parallel
+echo ""
+echo "Decompressing..."
+printf '%s\n' "${TO_DECOMPRESS[@]}" | xargs -P "$THREADS" -I{} bash -c '
+  src="'"$STORE_DIR"'/{}.zst"
+  dst="'"$REPO_ROOT"'/{}"
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$dst")"
+  zstd -d -q --force "$src" -o "$dst"
+  echo "  decompressed: {}"
+'
 
-echo "Decompressed $count files into data/"
 echo ""
 echo "=== Done ==="
+echo "Decompressed ${#TO_DECOMPRESS[@]} files"
diff --git a/scripts/data-push.sh b/scripts/data-push.sh
index 18852ea..3d9424e 100755
--- a/scripts/data-push.sh
+++ b/scripts/data-push.sh
@@ -1,119 +1,292 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Compress data/ → .dvc-store/, then DVC add + push.
+# Compress data/ and checkpoints/ → .lfs-store/, track via Git LFS.
+# Uses xxh3 content hashing for per-file change detection.
 #
-# Working files in data/ stay untouched. DVC tracks compressed copies.
 # Counterpart: scripts/data-pull.sh
 #
 # Usage:
-#   ./scripts/data-push.sh           # compress, add, push
-#   ./scripts/data-push.sh --dry-run # show what would be compressed
+#   ./scripts/data-push.sh                      # data only (default)
+#   ./scripts/data-push.sh --checkpoints-only   # checkpoints only
+#   ./scripts/data-push.sh --all                # data + checkpoints
+#   ./scripts/data-push.sh --dry-run            # show what would change
+#   ./scripts/data-push.sh --no-push            # commit but don't push
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
 REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
-DATA_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/data"
-STORE_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/.dvc-store"
-DRY_RUN=false
-[[ "${1:-}" == "--dry-run" ]] && DRY_RUN=true
-
+STORE_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/.lfs-store"
+MANIFEST="$REPO_ROOT/.lfs-manifest"
 THREADS=$(nproc 2>/dev/null || sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 4)
 
-# Directories to track (everything except raw HTML, bulk metadata, and empty placeholders)
-TRACK_DIRS=(
-  paragraphs
-  annotations
-  gold
-  dapt-corpus
-  analysis
-  bench
-  pilot
+# --- Tracked data directories ---------------------------------------------------
+DATA_DIRS=(
+  data/paragraphs
+  data/annotations
+  data/gold
+  data/dapt-corpus
+  data/analysis
+  data/bench
+  data/pilot
 )
 
-compress_dir() {
-  local reldir="$1"
-  local srcdir="$DATA_DIR/$reldir"
-  local dstdir="$STORE_DIR/$reldir"
+# --- Checkpoint include/exclude -------------------------------------------------
+# Only these filenames are kept from checkpoint trees
+CKPT_KEEP_NAMES=(
+  model.safetensors
+  config.json
+  tokenizer.json
+  tokenizer_config.json
+  training_args.bin
+  trainer_state.json
+)
 
-  if [[ ! -d "$srcdir" ]]; then
-    echo "  skip $reldir/ (not found)"
-    return
+# --- Parse flags -----------------------------------------------------------------
+MODE="data-only"
+DRY_RUN=false
+NO_PUSH=false
+
+for arg in "$@"; do
+  case "$arg" in
+    --data-only)        MODE="data-only" ;;
+    --checkpoints-only) MODE="checkpoints-only" ;;
+    --all)              MODE="all" ;;
+    --dry-run)          DRY_RUN=true ;;
+    --no-push)          NO_PUSH=true ;;
+    *) echo "Unknown flag: $arg" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+# --- Helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Collect source files for the current mode, one per line (absolute paths).
+collect_files() {
+  if [[ "$MODE" != "checkpoints-only" ]]; then
+    for dir in "${DATA_DIRS[@]}"; do
+      local abs="$REPO_ROOT/$dir"
+      [[ -d "$abs" ]] && find "$abs" -type f -not -name '*.zst'
+    done
   fi
 
-  # Find all files (not dirs) in the source
-  while IFS= read -r -d '' srcfile; do
-    local relpath="${srcfile#$DATA_DIR/}"
-    local dstfile="$STORE_DIR/${relpath}.zst"
-    local dstdir_for_file="$(dirname "$dstfile")"
+  if [[ "$MODE" != "data-only" ]]; then
+    # Tracked checkpoint files (by name whitelist)
+    local name_args=()
+    for n in "${CKPT_KEEP_NAMES[@]}"; do
+      name_args+=(-name "$n" -o)
+    done
+    # Remove trailing -o
+    unset 'name_args[-1]'
 
-    # Skip if compressed version exists and is newer than source
-    if [[ -f "$dstfile" && "$dstfile" -nt "$srcfile" ]]; then
-      continue
-    fi
+    find "$REPO_ROOT/checkpoints" -type f \
+      -not -path "*/.data_cache/*" \
+      \( "${name_args[@]}" \) 2>/dev/null || true
 
-    if $DRY_RUN; then
-      local srcsize=$(stat -c%s "$srcfile" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$srcfile")
-      echo "  would compress: $relpath ($(numfmt --to=iec "$srcsize" 2>/dev/null || echo "${srcsize}B"))"
-    else
-      mkdir -p "$dstdir_for_file"
-      zstd -19 -T"$THREADS" -q --force "$srcfile" -o "$dstfile"
-    fi
-  done < <(find "$srcdir" -type f -not -name '*.zst' -print0)
-}
-
-# Remove stale compressed files whose source no longer exists
-prune_stale() {
-  if [[ ! -d "$STORE_DIR" ]]; then return; fi
-
-  while IFS= read -r -d '' zstfile; do
-    local relpath="${zstfile#$STORE_DIR/}"
-    relpath="${relpath%.zst}"  # strip .zst suffix to get original path
-    local srcfile="$DATA_DIR/$relpath"
-
-    if [[ ! -f "$srcfile" ]]; then
-      if $DRY_RUN; then
-        echo "  would prune: $relpath.zst (source deleted)"
-      else
-        rm "$zstfile"
-        echo "  pruned: $relpath.zst"
-      fi
-    fi
-  done < <(find "$STORE_DIR" -name '*.zst' -type f -print0)
-
-  # Remove empty directories
-  if ! $DRY_RUN; then
-    find "$STORE_DIR" -type d -empty -delete 2>/dev/null || true
+    # Top-level log/json files in finetune/
+    find "$REPO_ROOT/checkpoints/finetune" -maxdepth 1 -type f 2>/dev/null || true
   fi
 }
 
-echo "=== Compressing data/ → .dvc-store/ ==="
+# Scope prefix(es) for the current mode — used to filter manifest entries.
+scope_prefixes() {
+  case "$MODE" in
+    data-only)        echo "data/" ;;
+    checkpoints-only) echo "checkpoints/" ;;
+    all)              echo "data/"; echo "checkpoints/" ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Check if a path is in scope for the current mode.
+in_scope() {
+  local path="$1"
+  local prefix
+  while IFS= read -r prefix; do
+    [[ "$path" == "$prefix"* ]] && return 0
+  done < <(scope_prefixes)
+  return 1
+}
+
+# --- Main ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$TMP_DIR"' EXIT
+
+echo "=== LFS push (mode: $MODE) ==="
 echo "Threads: $THREADS, zstd level: 19"
 echo ""
 
-for dir in "${TRACK_DIRS[@]}"; do
-  echo "[$dir/]"
-  compress_dir "$dir"
+# 1. Collect source files
+echo "Collecting source files..."
+collect_files > "$TMP_DIR/filelist.txt"
+FILE_COUNT=$(wc -l < "$TMP_DIR/filelist.txt")
+echo "  found $FILE_COUNT files"
+
+if [[ "$FILE_COUNT" -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No files to process."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# 2. Hash all source files with xxh3
+echo "Hashing with xxh3..."
+xxh3sum --filelist "$TMP_DIR/filelist.txt" > "$TMP_DIR/hashes.txt"
+echo "  done"
+
+# 3. Load old manifest into associative arrays
+declare -A OLD_HASH OLD_SIZE
+if [[ -f "$MANIFEST" ]]; then
+  while IFS=$'\t' read -r path hash size ts; do
+    [[ "$path" == "#"* || -z "$path" ]] && continue
+    OLD_HASH["$path"]="$hash"
+    OLD_SIZE["$path"]="$size"
+  done < "$MANIFEST"
+fi
+
+# 4. Diff: find changed, new, unchanged files
+declare -A NEW_HASH
+CHANGED=()
+NEW=()
+UNCHANGED=0
+
+while IFS=' ' read -r hash filepath; do
+  # xxh3sum prefixes hash with "XXH3_" — strip it
+  hash="${hash#XXH3_}"
+  relpath="${filepath#$REPO_ROOT/}"
+  NEW_HASH["$relpath"]="$hash"
+
+  old="${OLD_HASH[$relpath]:-}"
+  if [[ -z "$old" ]]; then
+    NEW+=("$relpath")
+  elif [[ "$old" != "$hash" ]]; then
+    CHANGED+=("$relpath")
+  else
+    UNCHANGED=$((UNCHANGED + 1))
+  fi
+done < "$TMP_DIR/hashes.txt"
+
+# 5. Find deletions (in old manifest + in scope, but not on disk)
+DELETED=()
+for path in "${!OLD_HASH[@]}"; do
+  in_scope "$path" || continue
+  [[ -z "${NEW_HASH[$path]:-}" ]] && DELETED+=("$path")
 done
 
 echo ""
-echo "Pruning stale files..."
-prune_stale
+echo "  new:       ${#NEW[@]}"
+echo "  changed:   ${#CHANGED[@]}"
+echo "  unchanged: $UNCHANGED"
+echo "  deleted:   ${#DELETED[@]}"
+
+TO_COMPRESS=("${NEW[@]}" "${CHANGED[@]}")
+
+if [[ ${#TO_COMPRESS[@]} -eq 0 && ${#DELETED[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo ""
+  echo "Nothing to do."
+  exit 0
+fi
 
 if $DRY_RUN; then
+  echo ""
+  if [[ ${#TO_COMPRESS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Would compress:"
+    printf '  %s\n' "${TO_COMPRESS[@]}"
+  fi
+  if [[ ${#DELETED[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Would prune:"
+    printf '  %s\n' "${DELETED[@]}"
+  fi
   echo ""
   echo "(dry run — nothing written)"
   exit 0
 fi
 
-echo ""
-echo "=== DVC add + push ==="
+# 6. Compress changed + new files in parallel
+if [[ ${#TO_COMPRESS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+  echo ""
+  echo "Compressing ${#TO_COMPRESS[@]} files (zstd -19, $THREADS parallel)..."
+  printf '%s\n' "${TO_COMPRESS[@]}" | xargs -P "$THREADS" -I{} bash -c '
+    src="'"$REPO_ROOT"'/{}"
+    dst="'"$STORE_DIR"'/{}.zst"
+    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$dst")"
+    zstd -19 -q --force "$src" -o "$dst"
+    echo "  compressed: {}"
+  '
+fi
 
+# 7. Prune deleted files
+if [[ ${#DELETED[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
+  echo ""
+  echo "Pruning ${#DELETED[@]} deleted files..."
+  for relpath in "${DELETED[@]}"; do
+    zstfile="$STORE_DIR/${relpath}.zst"
+    if [[ -f "$zstfile" ]]; then
+      rm "$zstfile"
+      echo "  pruned: ${relpath}.zst"
+    fi
+  done
+  find "$STORE_DIR" -type d -empty -delete 2>/dev/null || true
+fi
+
+# 8. Write manifest (merge: preserve out-of-scope entries)
+echo ""
+echo "Writing manifest..."
+{
+  echo "# .lfs-manifest — path, xxh3, compressed_bytes, timestamp"
+  echo "# Generated by scripts/data-push.sh — do not edit manually"
+
+  # Preserve out-of-scope entries from old manifest
+  if [[ -f "$MANIFEST" ]]; then
+    while IFS=$'\t' read -r path hash size ts; do
+      [[ "$path" == "#"* || -z "$path" ]] && continue
+      in_scope "$path" && continue
+      printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "$path" "$hash" "$size" "$ts"
+    done < "$MANIFEST"
+  fi
+
+  # Write in-scope entries from current hashes
+  for relpath in "${!NEW_HASH[@]}"; do
+    in_scope "$relpath" || continue
+    zstfile="$STORE_DIR/${relpath}.zst"
+    if [[ -f "$zstfile" ]]; then
+      size=$(stat -c%s "$zstfile" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$zstfile")
+    else
+      size=0
+    fi
+    printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "$relpath" "${NEW_HASH[$relpath]}" "$size" "$(date -Iseconds)"
+  done
+} | grep -v '^$' | sort > "$TMP_DIR/manifest.new"
+mv "$TMP_DIR/manifest.new" "$MANIFEST"
+
+# 9. Git add, commit, push
+echo ""
+echo "=== Git commit ==="
 cd "$REPO_ROOT"
-uvx --with 'dvc[s3]' dvc add .dvc-store/
+git add .lfs-store/ .lfs-manifest
 
-echo ""
-uvx --with 'dvc[s3]' dvc push
+if git diff --cached --quiet; then
+  echo "No git changes to commit."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+SUMMARY=""
+[[ ${#NEW[@]} -gt 0 ]] && SUMMARY+="${#NEW[@]} new, "
+[[ ${#CHANGED[@]} -gt 0 ]] && SUMMARY+="${#CHANGED[@]} changed, "
+[[ ${#DELETED[@]} -gt 0 ]] && SUMMARY+="${#DELETED[@]} deleted, "
+SUMMARY="${SUMMARY%, }"
+
+git commit -m "$(cat <<EOF
+data: ${SUMMARY}
+EOF
+)"
+
+if $NO_PUSH; then
+  echo "Committed. Skipping push (--no-push)."
+else
+  echo ""
+  echo "=== Git push ==="
+  if git rev-parse --verify "@{u}" &>/dev/null; then
+    git push
+  else
+    git push -u origin "$(git branch --show-current)"
+  fi
+fi
 
 echo ""
 echo "=== Done ==="
-echo "Commit .dvc-store.dvc and .gitignore if changed:"
-echo "  git add .dvc-store.dvc .gitignore && git commit -m 'data: update dvc-tracked data'"