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 2024-01-19

 UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 Washington, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-K/A

 Amendment No. 1

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from _____ to _____

 Commission File Number 001-36745

 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 Delaware

 59-2262718

 (State or other jurisdiction of

 (I.R.S. Employer

 incorporation or organization)

 Identification No.)

 50 Health Sciences Drive,

 Stony Brook, New York

 11790

 ( 631) 240-8800

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 (Registrant's telephone number,

 including area code)

 Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Name of each exchange

 Title of each class

 Trading Symbol(s)

 on which registered

 Common Stock, $0.001 par value

 APDN

 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

 Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period of complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether
any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the
registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No

 The aggregate market value of the Registrant's voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the last sale price of the common stock reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market as of the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (March 31, 2023), was approximately $ 14.4 million. Shares of the Registrant's common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each entity or person that, to the Registrant's knowledge, owned 5% or more of the Registrant's outstanding common stock as of March 31, 2023 have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the Registrant. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 As of January 19, 2024, the Registrant had outstanding 13,744,547 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 None.

 Auditor Name

 Auditor Location

 Auditor Firm ID

 Marcum LLP

 Melville, NY

 EXPLANATORY NOTE

 Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (the "Company", "we",
"us", or "our") is filing this Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K (this "Amendment") to amend
its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, which was originally filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on December 7, 2023 (the "Original Filing").

 We are filing this Amendment solely for the purpose of including in
Part III the information that was to be incorporated by reference from the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2024
Annual Meeting of Stockholders because the Company's definitive proxy statement will not be filed with the SEC within 120 days after
the end of the Company's fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. This Amendment amends and restates in its entirety Items 10,
11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of the Original Filing. In addition, the Exhibit Index in Item 15 of Part IV of the Original
Filing is hereby amended and restated in its entirety and currently dated certifications required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 are filed as exhibits to this Amendment. Because no financial statements are contained within this Amendment, we are not including
new certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 Except as described above, no other changes have been made to the Original
Filing and the Original Filing continues to speak as of the date of the Original Filing. Except as expressly set forth herein, this Amendment
does not reflect events occurring after the date of the Original Filing or modify or update any of the other disclosures contained therein
in any way other than as required to reflect the amendments discussed above. Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction
with the Original Filing and the Company's other filings with the SEC.

 All warrants, option, share and per share information in this report
gives retroactive effect to a one-for-forty reverse stock split that was effective on November 1, 2019.

 Page

 ITEM 10.

 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 ITEM 11.

 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 ITEM 12.

 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 ITEM 13.

 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 ITEM 14.

 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 ITEM 15.

 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 ITEM 10.

 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 Board of Directors, Executive Officers and Key Employees

 The Board of Directors (the "Board of Directors")
currently consists of six members. The term of each Director expires at our next annual meeting or until his or her successor is appointed.
Our executive officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, the Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between
any directors or executive officers.

 The ages of the directors and executive officers are shown as of January 19,
2024.

 Name

 Ages

 Position

 James
 A. Hayward

 Chief Executive Officer,
 President and Chairman of the Board of Directors

 Robert
 B. Catell

 Joseph
 D. Ceccoli

 Sanford
 R. Simon

 Yacov
 A. Shamash

 Elizabeth
 M. Schmalz Shaheen

 Beth
 Jantzen

 Chief Financial Officer

 Judith
 Murrah

 Chief Operating Officer,
 Chief Information Officer and Secretary

 Clay
 Shorrock

 Chief Legal Officer

 Set forth below is biographical information with respect to the aforementioned
individuals.

 James
A. Hayward, Ph. D., Sc. D.

 Dr. James A. Hayward has been our Chief Executive Officer since
March 17, 2006, a director on the Board of Directors since September 28, 2005 and our President and the Chairman of the Board
of Directors since June 12, 2007. He was previously our acting Chief Executive Officer since October 5, 2005. He also served
as Acting Chief Financial Officer from August 20, 2013 through October 13, 2013. Dr. Hayward received his Ph. D. in Molecular
Biology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook ("Stony Brook") in 1983 and an honorary Doctor of Science from
the same institution in 2000. His experience with public companies began with the co-founding of one of England's first biotechnology
companies — Biocompatibles, Ltd. Following this, Dr. Hayward was at the Estee Lauder companies for five
years, eventually becoming Head of Product Development. In 1990, he founded The Collaborative Group, a provider of products and services
to the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and consumer-product industries based in Stony Brook, where he served as Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer for 14 years. During this period, The Collaborative Group created several businesses, including The Collaborative
BioAlliance, a contract developer and manufacturer of human protein products that was sold to Dow Chemical in 2002, and Collaborative
Labs, a service provider and manufacturer of ingredients for skincare and dermatology that was sold to Engelhard (now BASF) in 2004.
He is the winner of the first Helix Award from BIO and has been twice elected Entrepreneur of the Year by Inc. Magazine and the Long
Island Technology Hall of Fame. He has served on the Boards of The Stony Brook Foundation, the NYS Research Foundation, and the NYS Regents
Advisory Board. Dr. Hayward also serves on the advisory board of the Manufacturing and Technology Resource Consortium of Stony Brook
University, and on the boards of Softheon Corporation, NeoMatrix Formulations, Inc. and the TNPO2 Foundation.

 Dr. Hayward's experience and senior leadership positions
in companies in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and consumer-product industries, and specifically his qualifications and skills in
the areas of general operations, financial operations and administration, as well as his role as the Company's Chief Executive
Officer and President, led the Board of Directors to conclude that Dr. Hayward should serve as a director of the Company.

 Yacov A. Shamash

 Dr. Yacov A. Shamash has been a member of the Board of Directors
since March 17, 2006. Dr. Shamash is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Stony Brook, a position he has held
since 1992. From 1992 to 2015, he was the Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and from 1995 to 2004, Dr. Shamash was also
the Dean of the Harriman School for Management and Policy at Stony Brook. He served as Vice President for Economic Development at Stony
Brook from 2001 to 2019. He was founder of the New York State Center for Excellence in Wireless and Information Technology,
and the New York State Center for Excellence in Advanced Energy Research, at Stony Brook. Dr. Shamash developed and directed the
NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for the Design of Analog/Digital Integrated Circuits from 1989 to 1992 and also served
as Chairman of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Washington State University from 1985 until 1992. Dr. Shamash
serves on the board of directors of public companies Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and Keytronic Corp. He is on the boards of several
not for profit organizations: the Long Island First Robotics and Listnet. Dr. Shamash holds a Ph. D. degree in Electrical Engineering
from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England.

 Dr. Shamash encounters leaders of businesses large and small,
regional and global in their reach, on a daily basis and, as a member of our Board of Directors, Dr. Shamash has played an integral
role in our business development by providing the highest-level introductions to customers, channels to market and to the media. Dr. Shamash
also brings to our Board of Directors his valuable experience gained from serving as a director at other private and public companies.
The Board of Directors believes that Dr. Shamash's technical experience and other abilities make him a valuable member of
the Board of Directors.

 Sanford R. Simon

 Dr. Sanford R. Simon has been a member of the Board of Directors
since March 17, 2006. Dr. Simon was a Professor of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Pathology at Stony Brook from 1969 to January 2022.
He joined the faculty at Stony Brook as an Assistant Professor in 1969 and was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 1975. Dr. Simon
was a member of the board of directors of The Collaborative Group from 1995 to 2004. From 1967 to 1969, Dr. Simon was a Guest Investigator
at Rockefeller University. Dr. Simon received a B.A. in Zoology and Chemistry from Columbia University in 1963 and, a Ph. D. in Biochemistry
from Rockefeller University in 1967, and he studied as a postdoctoral fellow with Nobel Prize winner Max Perutz in Cambridge, England.
He has maintained an active research laboratory studying aspects of cell invasion in cancer and inflammation, the uses of small molecules
in modulating diverse cell functions, and novel strategies of drug delivery; he also teaches undergraduate, graduate, medical and dental
students.

 Dr. Simon has worked in the use of large biomolecules in commercial
media, and we have made use of his expertise in formulating DNA into commercial carriers for specific customers. As a member of our Board
of Directors, Dr. Simon has advised us on patents, provided technical advice, and introduced us to corporate partners and customers.
The Board of Directors believes that Dr. Simon's advice makes him a valuable member of the Board of Directors.

 Joseph D. Ceccoli

 Joseph D. Ceccoli has been a member of the Board of Directors since
December 3, 2014. Since 2010, Mr. Ceccoli has been the Founder, President and CEO of Biocogent, LLC ("Biocogent"),
a bioscience company located at the Stony Brook Long Island High Technology Incubator. Biocogent is focused on the invention, development
and commercialization of skin-active molecules and treatment products used in regulated (over-the-counter / med-care), personal care
and consumer products. Prior to starting Biocogent, Mr. Ceccoli was Global Director of Operations for BASF Corporation, a global
Fortune 100 company and the world's largest global chemical company, where he was responsible for the integration, operations and
growth of domestic and overseas business units from 2007 to 2008. Prior to BASF, Mr. Ceccoli was a General Manager for Engelhard
Corporation, a U.S.-based Fortune 500 company and chief operating officer of Long Island-based The Collaborative Group from 2004 to 2007.
Mr. Ceccoli holds a Bachelor of Science ("B.S.") degree in Biotechnology from Rochester Institute of Technology and
advanced professional training in various pharmaceutical sciences, emulsion chemistry, engineering and management disciplines. He is
a member of numerous professional organizations such as the American Chemical Society and the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. Mr. Ceccoli
has authored and co-authored 16 technical papers that have appeared in peer reviewed and industry specific journals and magazines and
is inventor on 16 patents.

 The Board of Directors believes that Mr. Ceccoli's experience
across the bioscience and chemical markets, including in global and U.S.-based operations and management, enriches our Board of Directors.
Mr. Ceccoli's experience as an executive officer and director of several bioscience and chemical companies and organizations
led the Board of Directors to conclude that he should serve as a director of the Company.

 Robert B. Catell

 Robert B. Catell has been a member of the Board of Directors since
October 7, 2016. Mr. Catell serves as Chairman of the Advanced Energy Research and Technology Center (AERTC) at Stony Brook
and the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC). He also serves on the board of several business and not-for-profit
organizations, including Long Island Association (LIA), A+ Technology & Security Solutions, Inc., ThermoLift Inc., and
Utility Technology Solutions (UTS). Mr. Catell was formerly Chairman and CEO of KeySpan Corporation and KeySpan Delivery (formerly
Brooklyn Union Gas), Chairman of National Grid, U.S. and Deputy Chairman of National Grid plc, upon National Grid's acquisition
of KeySpan, and has served on numerous boards including New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA.) Mr. Catell
chaired the New York State Business Council from 2002 to 2003 and the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce from 1994 to 1995.

 Mr. Catell holds both a Master's and a Bachelor's
degree in Mechanical Engineering from City College of New York and is a registered Professional Engineer. He has attended Columbia University's
Executive Development Program, and the Advanced Management Program at the Harvard Business School.

 The Board of Directors believe that Mr. Catell's extensive
executive-level management experience, including as a director at other private and public companies and within regulated and technical
industries, qualifies him to serve as one of our directors.

 Elizabeth M. Schmalz Shaheen

 Ms. Elizabeth M. Schmalz Shaheen has been a member of the Board
of Directors since June 1, 2017. She has served as President of American Flavors & Fragrances LLC, a fragrance company,
since 2003. Ms. Schmalz Shaheen also serves as President of her own consulting firm, Betsy Schmalz & Associates. She served
as Senior Vice President of Corporate Product Development at Est e Lauder. Ms. Schmalz Shaheen's responsibilities included
overseeing product development for some of the company's most prominent brands. Subsequently, she was Executive Vice President
of Product Development at Bath and Body Works and Victoria's Secret for The Limited. Ms. Schmalz Shaheen started her
senior management career at Revlon with responsibility for new product development for brands including Borghese, Ultima II and Prestige
fragrances. She is an active member of Cosmetic Executive Women. She earned a bachelor's degree in psychology from Georgian Court
University and serves on their Board of Trustees. Ms. Schmalz Shaheen's track record of accomplishments as a strategist and
products leader within the cosmetics and personal care industries led the Board of Directors to conclude she should serve as a director
of the Company.

 Beth Jantzen

 Beth Jantzen has been our Chief Financial Officer since February 15,
2015. Previously, Ms. Jantzen held the position of Controller from May 2013 to her appointment as Chief Financial Officer.
Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Jantzen was a senior manager at Marcum LLP, our independent registered accounting firm, from January 2000
until May 2013, where she managed multiple engagements and specialized in SEC policies, practices and procedures, including Sarbanes-Oxley
compliance. Ms. Jantzen holds a B.S. in Accounting from the State University of New York at Binghamton and is also a Certified Public
Accountant (CPA).

 Judith Murrah

 Ms. Judith Murrah has been
our Chief Operating Officer since January 19, 2021, our Chief Information Officer since June 1, 2013, and our Secretary since
December 22, 2017. Ms. Murrah is responsible for our operations functions including production, quality, information
technology and security, marketing, development of key customer and partner relationships, and field operations.
Ms. Murrah was previously the Senior Director of Information Technology at Motorola Solutions, which had acquired her former firm,
Symbol Technologies. Her role at Motorola Solutions included overseeing the global IT program management office, financial and supplier
operations and quality assurance. At Symbol Technologies, Ms. Murrah held leadership positions in product line management, global
account sales, corporate and marketing communications and IT. Ms. Murrah holds an MBA from Harvard Business School, and a B.S. in
Industrial Engineering from the University of Rhode Island. She is an inventor on 14 U.S. patents. Ms. Murrah is active in Long
Island's business and academic community. She has co-founded and volunteers with non-profits engaging students in science,
technology, engineering, and math disciplines. She serves on the boards of the Middle Country (N.Y.) Library Foundation, the Tesla Science
Center at Wardenclyffe, and Stony Brook University's Center for Corporate Education. Ms. Murrah was named to the Top 50 Women
of Long Island Hall of Fame in 2023 and received the inaugural 2001 Diamond Award for Long Island Women Leaders in Technology.

 Clay Shorrock

 Mr. Shorrock has
been our Chief Legal Officer and Executive Director of Business Development since April 2021. Mr. Shorrock leads Applied DNA's
legal, regulatory, risk mitigation, intellectual property, and business development functions. Mr. Shorrock previously served
as general and intellectual property counsel to Applied DNA from November 2016 through April 2019. Prior to rejoining the Company
in April 2021, Mr. Shorrock was a member of the intellectual property groups of Florida-based Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor &
Reed, P.A. and Allen, Dyer, Doppelt & Gilchrist, P.A. Earlier in his career Mr. Shorrock was an associate at several New
Jersey-based law firms where he focused on intellectual property and complex commercial transactions. Mr. Shorrock holds a B.A.
in Biology from Franklin and Marshall College and a J.D. with a concentration in intellectual property from Seton Hall University Law
School.

 No Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

 Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"), requires our officers and directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of any class
of our equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act to file reports of securities ownership and changes
in such ownership with the SEC. Officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners ("10% stockholders") also are
required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of the
copies of such forms furnished to us during or with respect to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, as the case may be, and
upon written representations from these reporting persons, we believe that all reports required by Section 16(a) applicable
to our officers, directors and 10% stockholders were filed on a timely basis, as disclosed in the forms described above, during the fiscal
year ended September 30, 2023.

 Governance of the Company

 Code of Ethics

 Our Board of Directors has adopted a "code
of ethics" as defined by regulations promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Exchange Act (our "Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics") that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer,
our Chief Financial Officer and those officers and employees responsible for financial reporting. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
is designed to codify the ethical standards that we believe are reasonably designed to deter wrong-doing and promote honest and ethical
conduct.

 We have established procedures to ensure that
suspected violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics may be reported anonymously. A current copy of our Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics is available on our website at  A copy may also
be obtained, free of charge, from us upon a request directed to Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook,
New York 11790, c/o Investor Relations. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of a provision of the Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics granted to directors and officers by posting such information on our website available at www.adnas.com and/or in our
public filings with the SEC.

 Board Committees

 The Board of Directors maintains three committees:
the audit committee, compensation committee and the nominating committee.

 Audit Committee

 Messrs. Catell, Ceccoli, and Shamash (Chairperson)
served on the audit committee during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continue to serve on the audit committee. The
Board of Directors has determined that each member of the audit committee is independent within the meaning of the director independence
standards of the Company and Nasdaq as well as the heightened director independence standards of the SEC for audit committee members,
including Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act. The Board of Directors has also determined that each of the members of the
audit committee is financially sophisticated and is able to read and understand consolidated financial statements and that Dr. Shamash
is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in the Exchange Act. During fiscal 2023, the audit committee held four
formal meetings.

 The composition and responsibilities of the audit
committee and the attributes of its members, as reflected in the charter, are intended to be in accordance with applicable requirements
for corporate audit committees. The audit committee charter will be reviewed, and amended if necessary, on an annual basis.

 The audit committee assists the Board of Directors
in fulfilling its oversight responsibility relating to our financial statements and the disclosure and financial reporting process, our
system of internal controls, our internal audit function, the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent registered
public accounting firm, compliance with our code of ethics and legal and regulatory requirements. The audit committee has the sole authority
to appoint, retain, terminate, compensate and oversee the work of the independent registered public accounting firm, as well as to pre-approve
all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm.

 Compensation Committee

 Messrs. Ceccoli and Shamash (Chairperson)
and Ms. Schmalz Shaheen served on the compensation committee during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continue to
serve on the compensation committee. The compensation committee reviews and approves salaries and bonuses for all officers, reviews and
approves non-employee directors' compensation, administers options outstanding under our stock incentive plan, provides advice
and carries out the responsibilities required by SEC rules. The compensation committee believes that its processes and oversight should
be directed toward attracting, retaining and motivating employees and non-employee directors to promote and advance our interests and
strategic goals. As requested by the compensation committee, the Chief Executive Officer will provide information and may participate
in discussions regarding compensation for other executive officers. The compensation committee also considers other general industry
information and trends if available. During fiscal 2023, the compensation committee held one formal meeting.

 Nominating Committee

 Messrs. Shamash (Chairperson) and Simon and
Ms. Schmalz Shaheen served on the nominating committee during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and continue to serve
on the nominating committee. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the nominating committee is independent within
the meaning of the director independence standards of the Company, Nasdaq and the SEC.

 The nominating committee is responsible for, among
other things: reviewing the Board of Directors' composition, procedures and committees, and making recommendations on these matters
to the Board of Directors; and reviewing, soliciting and making recommendations to the Board of Directors and stockholders with respect
to candidates for election to the Board of Directors. During fiscal 2023, the nominating committee held one formal meeting.

 ITEM 11.

 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 Compensation Overview

 The compensation committee has overall responsibility
for approving and evaluating the compensation arrangements for our named executive officers. Our named executive officers for fiscal
2023 are our Chief Executive Officer and President, Dr. James Hayward, our Chief Financial Officer, Beth Jantzen, our Chief Operating
Officer and Chief Information Officer, Judith Murrah, and our Chief Legal Officer, Clay Shorrock. Our Chief Executive Officer provides
recommendations to the compensation committee with respect to the compensation of the named executive officers other than himself. However,
the compensation committee is free to make decisions that are contrary to the Chief Executive Officer's recommendations.

 Our Executive Compensation Philosophy
and Objectives

 General

 The fundamental purpose of our executive compensation
program is to assist us in achieving our financial and operating performance objectives. Specifically, we attempt to tailor an executive's
compensation to (1) retain and motivate the executive, (2) reward him or her upon the achievement of Company-wide and individual
performance, and (3) align the executive's interest with the creation of long-term stockholder value, without encouraging
excessive risk taking. To that end, and within the context of the stage of our company, we have historically compensated our named executive
officers through a mix of base salary, equity-based incentives and cash bonuses.

 Our business model is based on our ability to
establish long-term relationships with clients and to maintain our strong mission, client focus, entrepreneurial spirit and team orientation.
We have sought to create an executive compensation package that balances short-term versus long-term components, in ways we believe are
most appropriate to motivate senior management and reward them for achieving key business goals.

 Base Salary

 We did not change the annual base salary for any
of our named executive officers in fiscal 2023, and their respective annual base salaries remained as follows: Dr. Hayward, $450,000,
Ms. Jantzen, $300,000, Ms. Murrah, $325,000 and Mr. Shorrock, $300,000. Effective as of January 1, 2024, Dr. Hayward
and Ms. Murrah voluntarily reduced their annual base salaries to $250,000 and $243,750, respectively, in response to the then current
cash position of the Company. This voluntary reduction is effective until March 31, 2024.

 Bonuses

 While the compensation committee determined that
Dr. Hayward was eligible to receive a discretionary bonus in the amount of $500,000 with respect to his performance for fiscal 2023,
on January 19, 2024, Dr. Hayward elected not to receive any cash incentive or other bonus for fiscal 2023, in light of the
Company's current cash position.

 On January 23, 2023, upon recommendation
from the compensation committee, the Board of Directors approved a discretionary cash bonus, in respect of fiscal 2022 performance, for
each of Ms. Jantzen, Mr. Shorrock and Ms. Murrah.

 The discretionary cash incentive bonus amount
totaled $99,000 (33% of their annual base salary rate) for each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock and $107,250 (33% of her annual
base salary rate) for Ms. Murrah.

 As of the date of this report, the compensation
committee and the Board of Directors have not yet determined whether any bonus will be granted to Ms. Jantzen, Mr. Shorrock
or Ms. Murrah in respect of fiscal 2023 performance. To the extent that any such named executive officer ultimately receives a bonus
in respect of fiscal 2023 performance, the Company will disclose same by way of a separate filing under Form 8-K.

 Long-Term Stock-Based Compensation

 Our long-term compensation program has historically
consisted solely of stock options. Stock option grants made to executive officers are designed to provide them with an incentive to execute
their responsibilities in such a way as to generate long-term benefit to us and our stockholders.

 We believe that, by only rewarding the creation of stockholder value,
stock options provide our executive officers with an effective risk and reward profile.

 On
January 23, 2023, upon recommendation from the compensation committee, the Board of Directors approved, for each of
Ms. Jantzen, Mr. Shorrock and Ms. Murrah, a compensation plan consisting of (i) a grant of restricted stock units,
each representing the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon vesting ("RSUs"), and (ii) a
grant of stock options, each representing the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock upon exercise ("Options"),
as further described below. On March 23, 2023, the compensation committee approved and granted the RSUs and the Options under the
Company's 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.

 RSUs.
 As noted above, the compensation plan provided for the grant of RSUs, with each participating named executive officer awarded
an RSU grant with a grant date fair value equal to 33% of the named executive officer's annual base salary (i.e., $99,000, in the
case of each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock, and $107,250, in the case of Ms. Murrah). Each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock
received a grant of 91,667 RSUs, and Ms. Murrah received a grant of 99,306 RSUs. The RSUs will vest in full on the 12-month anniversary
of the date of grant, subject to the relevant named executive officer's continued employment with the Company. There is no acceleration
of vesting upon any termination of employment that occurs prior to the applicable vesting date.

 Options.
Also as noted above, the compensation plan provided for the grant of Options, with each participating named executive officer awarded
an Option grant with a grant date fair value equal to 34% of the named executive officer's annual base salary (i.e., $102,000,
in the case of each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock, and $110,500, in the case of Ms. Murrah). Each of Ms. Jantzen
and Mr. Shorrock received a grant of 100,000 Options, and Ms. Murrah received a grant of 108,333 Options. The Options have
a 10-year term and will vest in equal 25% installments on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the relevant
named executive officer's continued employment with the Company. There is no acceleration of vesting upon any termination of employment
that occurs prior to the applicable vesting date.

 Benefits

 We provide the following benefits to our named
executive officers on the same basis as the benefits provided to all employees:

 health and dental insurance;

 life insurance;

 short-and long-term disability; and

 401(k) Plan (currently there is no employer match)

 We believe these benefits are generally consistent
with those offered by other companies and specifically with those companies with which we compete for employees.

 Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

 None of the members of our compensation committee
is or has been an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served,
as a member of the compensation committee or director (or other board committee performing equivalent functions or, in the absence of
any such committee, the entire Board of Directors) of any entity that has one or more executive officers who will serve on our compensation
committee or our Board of Directors.

 Summary Compensation Table

 The following table sets forth the compensation
of our named executive officers for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

 Stock

 Option

 Nonequity

 Incentive

 Plan

 All Other

 Salary

 Bonus

 Awards

 Awards

 Compensation

 Compensation

 Total

 Name and Principal
 Position

 Year

 ($)

 ($)(1)

 ($)(2)

 ($)(3)

 ($)

 ($)(4)

 ($)

 James A. Hayward

 2023

 450,000

 —

 —

 —

 —

 18,000

 468,000

 Chairman,
 President and CEO

 2022

 450,000

 —

 —

 800,000

 800,000

 18,000

 2,068,000

 Beth M. Jantzen

 2023

 300,000

 —

 99,000

 102,000

 —

 —

 501,000

 CFO

 2022

 300,000

 99,000

 —

 136,500

 —

 —

 535,500

 Judith Murrah

 2023

 325,000

 —

 107,250

 110,500

 —

 —

 542,750

 CIO, COO

 2022

 325,000

 107,250

 —

 147,875

 —

 —

 580,125

 Clay Shorrock

 2023

 300,000

 —

 99,000

 102,000

 —

 —

 501,000

 CLO

 (1)

 On
 January 23, 2023, upon recommendation from the compensation committee, the Board of Directors approved, in respect of fiscal
2022 performance, for each of Ms. Jantzen, Mr. Shorrock and Ms. Murrah, a discretionary cash incentive bonus, in the amount
of (i) $99,000 for each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock and (ii) $107,250 for Ms. Murrah.

 (2)

 On March 23, 2023, each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock
received a restricted stock unit ("RSU") grant with a grant date fair value of $99,000, and Ms. Murrah received an RSU
grant with a grant date fair value of $107,250. As noted above, the RSUs vest in full on the first anniversary of the date of grant (i.e.,
March 23, 2024), subject to the relevant named executive officer's continued employment with the Company through the vesting
date.

 The grant date fair value of each of the aforementioned RSU grants
was calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, or ASC 718. Information concerning these amounts and the assumptions used to calculate
these amounts are set forth in our Form 10-K for fiscal 2023, filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023, under the caption "Item
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Critical Accounting Estimates and
Policies," and in Note C to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 (3)

 On March 23, 2023, each of Ms. Jantzen and Mr. Shorrock
received a stock option grant with a grant date fair value of $102,000, and Ms. Murrah received a stock option grant with a grant
date fair value of $110,500. As noted above, the stock options vest in equal 25% installments on each of the first four anniversaries
of the date of grant (i.e., March 23rd of each of 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027), subject to the relevant named executive officer's
continued employment with the Company through the vesting date.

 The grant date fair value of each of the aforementioned stock option
grants was calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, or ASC 718 (specifically based on the Black Scholes value thereof as of
the grant date). Information concerning these amounts and the assumptions used to calculate these amounts are set forth in our Form 10-K
for fiscal 2023, filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023, under the caption "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies," and in Note C to the accompanying
consolidated financial statements.

 (4)

 Represents reimbursement payments to Dr. Hayward
 for costs associated with an automobile used by Dr. Hayward.

 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

 The following table shows information concerning
outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of September 30, 2023, the last day of fiscal 2023.

 Option Awards

 Stock Awards

 Underlying

 Unexercised

 Options

 (#)

 Underlying

 Unexercised

 Options

 (#)

 Option

 Exercise
 Price

 Option

 Expiration

 Number

 of Shares

 or Units

 of Stock

 That

 Have Not

 Yet Vested

 Market

 Value of

 Shares or

 Units of

 Stock That

Have Not

 Vested

 Name

 Exercisable (1)

 Unexercisable (2)

 ($)

 Date

 (#)(3)

 ($)(4)

 James A. Hayward

 20,833

 —

 232.80

 10/17/2023

 —

 —

 4,375

 —

 114.40

 12/21/2024

 —

 —

 1,250

 —

 119.60

 12/21/2025

 —

 —

 3,750

 —

 82.00

 12/20/2026

 —

 —

 16,666

 —

 140.40

 7/10/2028

 —

 —

 6,250

 —

 47.60

 08/29/2028

 —

 —

 6,965

 —

 8.36

 06/02/2030

 —

 —

 13,035

 —

 7.54

 10/18/2030

 —

 —

 80,000

 —

 5.44

 1/5/2031

 —

 —

 219,167

 —

 5.58

 10/31/2031

 —

 —

 Beth M. Jantzen

 —

 205.20

 10/14/2023

 91,667

 110,917

 —

 278.40

 11/28/2023

 —

 —

 —

 326.40

 12/09/2023

 —

 —

 1,000

 —

 114.40

 12/21/2024

 —

 —

 —

 138.00

 2/14/2025

 —

 —

 1,250

 —

 119.60

 12/21/2025

 —

 —

 1,500

 —

 82.00

 12/20/2026

 —

 —

 2,500

 —

 47.60

 08/29/2028

 —

 —

 6,695

 —

 8.36

 06/02/2030

 —

 —

 13,035

 —

 7.54

 10/18/2030

 —

 —

 45,129

 —

 5.58

 10/31/2031

 —

 —

 —

 100,000

 1.08

 3/23/2033

 —

 —

 Judith Murrah

 —

 280.80

 12/01/2023

 99,306

 120,160

 1,875

 —

 114.40

 12/21/2024

 —

 —

 —

 326.40

 12/09/2023

 —

 —

 1,250

 —

 119.60

 12/21/2025

 —

 —

 1,500

 —

 82.00

 12/20/2026

 —

 —

 3,750

 —

 47.60

 08/29/2028

 —

 —

 6,965

 —

 8.36

 06/02/2030

 —

 —

 13,035

 —

 7.54

 10/18/2030

 —

 —

 52,127

 —

 5.58

 10/31/2031

 —

 —

 —

 108,333

 1.08

 3/23/2033

 —

 —

 Clay Shorrock

 —

 —

 —

 —

 91,667

 110,917

 —

 94.00

 11/27/2026

 —

 —

 1,250

 —

 47.60

 4/25/2024

 —

 —

 —

 13.20

 4/25/2024

 —

 —

 45,129

 —

 5.58

 10/31/2031

 —

 —

 —

 100,000

 1.08

 3/23/2033

 —

 —

 (1)

 All stock option
 grants reflected in this column are fully vested and exercisable.

 (2)

 Each of the stock option grants
 made in fiscal 2023 vests in equal 25% installments on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant (i.e., March 23rd
 of each of 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027), subject to the relevant named executive officer's continued employment with the Company
 through the applicable vesting date.

 (3)

 Each of the RSU grants made
 in fiscal 2023 vests in full on the first anniversary of the date of grant (i.e., March 23, 2024), subject to the relevant named
 executive officer's continued employment with the Company through the vesting date.

 (4)

 Values determined based on the closing price of our common stock as of September 29, 2023, the
 last trading day of fiscal 2023, which was $1.21 per share.

 Employment Agreement with Dr. James A. Hayward

 The following is a discussion of our employment
agreement with Dr. Hayward as of January 1, 2024 and, where indicated, compensation actions prior to such date.

 The Chief Executive Officer is the only named
executive officer with an employment agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2024, Dr. Hayward voluntarily reduced his salary
to $250,000 in response to the then current cash position of the Company. This voluntary reduction is effective until March 31,
2024.

 The initial term of Dr. Hayward's employment
agreement was from July 1, 2016 to July 1, 2017, and the term of the employment agreement renews automatically on an annual
basis thereafter, unless either party provides the other with 90 days' advance written notice of non-renewal. The employment agreement
provides for an annual base salary, which is described above in the section entitled "Base Salary," and the Board of Directors,
acting in its discretion, may also grant annual bonuses and annual equity awards to Dr. Hayward, provided that Dr. Hayward
may not be treated less favorably with respect to annual bonuses or annual equity awards than other executives of the Company. Dr. Hayward
will be eligible to participate in retirement, welfare and incentive plans available to the Company's other employees. The employment
agreement also provides for the following limited perquisites: an automobile allowance of up to $1,500 per month, a gas allowance, the
use of an outside driver for up to 20 hours per week, a gym membership and an airline club membership.

 The employment agreement with Dr. Hayward
also provides that if he is terminated by the Company without "cause" (as defined in the employment agreement and summarized
below) or if Dr. Hayward terminates his employment for "good reason" (as defined in the employment agreement and summarized
below), then, in addition to payment or provision of any earned and unpaid base salary, bonus and benefits, and subject to his delivery
of an executed general release and continuing compliance with restrictive covenants, Dr. Hayward will be entitled to receive: (i) a
pro rata portion (based on the number of days elapsed from the beginning of the Company's fiscal year to the date of his termination
of employment) of the greater of (A) the annual bonus he would have received if his employment had continued through the end of
the fiscal year of termination and (B) the prior year's annual bonus; (ii) installment payments for two years following
termination in an aggregate amount equal to the greater of (A) 2.99 times Dr. Hayward's base salary and (B) two
times the sum of (I) Dr. Hayward's base salary and (II) Dr. Hayward's prior year's annual bonus
(or, if greater, Dr. Hayward's target bonus (if any) for the fiscal year of termination); (iii) Company-paid COBRA continuation
coverage for 18 months post-termination; (iv) continuing life insurance benefits (if any) for two years post-termination;
and (v) extended exercisability of any outstanding vested stock options and stock appreciation rights (until three years from
the termination date or, if earlier, until the expiration of the fixed stock option or stock appreciation right term).

 If
termination of Dr. Hayward's employment is triggered by the Company without cause or by Dr. Hayward for good reason,
in each case, within six months before or two years after a "change in control of the Company" (as defined in the
employment agreement), then, the severance payments that would otherwise have been paid in installments will be paid in a lump sum. Further,
unless assumed or continued by the acquiror, all of Dr. Hayward's outstanding stock options and other equity incentive awards
will become fully vested upon the occurrence of a change in control of the Company (whether or not his employment is terminated in connection
with such change in control). The exercisability period of outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights would be extended
until three years following the change in control (or, if later, until three years following a qualifying termination after
a change in control), or, if earlier, until the earlier expiration of the fixed stock option or stock appreciation right term. In addition,
the employment agreement provides that if the payments and benefits due to Dr. Hayward in connection with a change in control would
be subject to an excise tax under Section 280G of the Code, they will be reduced to the maximum amount that would not trigger the
excise tax, unless Dr. Hayward would be better off (on an after-tax basis) receiving all of the payments and benefits and paying
all necessary applicable taxes. Additionally, if, following a change in control, the Company fails to comply with any of its obligations
under the employment agreement or the Company takes any action to declare the employment agreement void or unenforceable or institutes
any litigation or other legal action designed to deny, diminish or to recover from Dr. Hayward (or his beneficiary) the payments
and benefits intended to be provided, then Dr. Hayward (or his beneficiary, as the case may be) shall be entitled to select and
retain counsel at the expense of the Company to represent him (or his beneficiary) in connection with the good faith initiation or defense
of any litigation or other legal action, whether by or against the Company or any director, officer, stockholder or other person affiliated
with the Company or any successor thereto in any jurisdiction.

 Upon a termination of his employment due to death
or "disability" (as defined in the employment agreement), Dr. Hayward will generally be entitled to receive the same
payments and benefits he would have received if his employment had been terminated by the Company without cause, other than the installment
payments and the continuing life insurance benefits, and additionally, the extended exercisability provisions would apply to any outstanding
stock options only.

 For purposes of the employment agreement, "cause"
means Dr. Hayward: (i) is convicted of or pleads nolo contendere to a felony, (ii) commits fraud or a material act or
omission involving dishonesty affecting the assets, business or reputation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, (iii) willfully
fails or refuses to carry out the material responsibilities of his employment, as reasonably determined by the Board of Directors, (iv) engages
in gross negligence, willful misconduct or a pattern of behavior that has had or is reasonably likely to have a significant adverse effect
on the Company or his ability to perform the duties and responsibilities of his employment, or (v) willfully engages in any act
or omission that is in material violation of Company policy, including, without limitation, Company policy on business ethics and conduct,
and Company policy on the use of inside information and insider trading; provided, however, that, if the conduct giving rise to termination
for Cause is curable without material harm to the business or assets of the Company, Dr. Hayward will be afforded an opportunity
to effect such a cure within 30 days after notice of termination and thereby avoid a termination for Cause based upon such conduct.

 For purposes of the employment agreement, "good
reason" is defined as any of the following: (i) a material adverse change by the Company
of Dr. Hayward's status or position as the Chief Executive Officer, including, without limitation, a material diminution of
his position, duties, responsibilities or authority or the assignment to him of duties or responsibilities that are materially inconsistent
with his status or position; (ii) a non-voluntary reduction by the Company of his annual base salary or failure to pay same; (iii) a
breach by the Company of any of its material obligations under the employment agreement; (iv) relocation of Dr. Hayward without
his consent beyond a 75-mile radius of his then principal place of employment in violation of the employment agreement; or (v) in
connection with a change in control, the failure or refusal by the successor or acquiring company to expressly assume the obligations
of Company under the employment agreement. As a condition to terminating his employment for Good Reason, Dr. Hayward must, within
60 days after the occurrence of the event or condition giving rise to such termination, provide written notice to the Company (or the
successor or acquiring company) of his desire to terminate for Good Reason, specifying the nature of the act or omission that he deems
to constitute Good Reason. The Company shall have 30 days after receipt of such notice to review and, if required, correct the situation
(and thus prevent his termination for Good Reason).

 Dr. Hayward is subject to standard restrictive
covenants, including a two-year post-employment non-compete and a two-year post-employment non-solicit of employees or customers.

 Director Compensation: Fiscal 2023

 In fiscal 2023, on January 25, 2023, we granted
an option to purchase 112,649 shares of our common stock (having a grant date fair value of $150,000) to each of our non-employee directors,
in respect of fiscal 2023. The stock options have a 10-year term and will vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject
to the director's continued service on our Board of Directors.

 In addition, in recognition for their service
on certain committees, additional stock options were granted to those members of our Board of Directors who also serve on such committees.
As such, also on January 25, 2023, we granted stock options with a 10-year term that vest on the first anniversary of the date of
grant, subject to the director's continued service on our Board of Directors, to Mr. Simon, Mr. Shamash, Mr. Catell,
Mr. Ceccoli and Ms. Schmalz Shaheen. The stock option grant is with respect to 939 shares of our common stock and has a grant
date fair value of $1,250 in the case of Mr. Simon, 9,388 shares of our common stock and has a grant date fair value of $12,500
in the case of Mr. Shamash, 3,755 shares of our common stock and has a grant date fair value of $5,000 in the case of Mr. Ceccoli,
1,878 shares of our common stock and has a grant date fair value of $2,500 in the case of Mr. Catell, and 2,816 shares of our common
stock and has a grant date fair value of $3,750 in the case of Ms. Schmalz Shaheen.

 None of the members of our Board of Directors
received any other compensation in respect of fiscal 2023.

 Option

 Awards

 Total

 Name

 ($)(2)

 ($)

 Sanford
 R. Simon

 151,250

 151,250

 Yacov A.
 Shamash

 162,500

 162,500

 Joseph D.
 Ceccoli

 155,000

 155,000

 Scott
 L. Anchin (1)

 150,000

 150,000

 Robert C.
 Catell

 152,500

 152,500

 Elizabeth
 M. Schmalz Shaheen

 153,750

 153,750

 (1) On July 31, 2023, Scott L. Anchin provided notice to
the Company of his intention not to stand for re-election as director at the Company's upcoming annual meeting of stockholders
held on September 19, 2023. Mr. Anchin's term as director expired upon the election of directors at the annual meeting.

 (2) Represents the grant date fair value of the stock option
grants, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, or ASC 718, specifically based on the Black Scholes value thereof as of the
grant date. Information concerning these amounts and the assumptions used to calculate these amounts are set forth in our Form 10-K
for fiscal 2023, filed with the SEC on December 7, 2023, under the caption "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies," and in Note C to the accompanying
consolidated financial statements. As noted above, the stock options vest in full on the first anniversary of the date of grant (i.e.,
January 25, 2024), subject to the relevant director's continued service on our Board of Directors through the vesting date.

 ITEM 12.

 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
 AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 Equity Compensation Plan Information

 The following table provides information as of
September 30, 2023 with respect to shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans.

 Remaining

 Available

 for Future

 Issuance

 Under Equity

 Securities to be

 Weighted

 Compensation

 Issued upon

 Average

 Plans

 Exercise of

 Exercise Price of

 (Excluding

 Outstanding

 Outstanding

 Options,

 Options,

 Reflected in the

 Warrants

 Warrants

 first

 Plan Category

 and Rights (1)

 and Rights

 Column)

 Equity compensation
 plans approved by security holders

 Applied
 DNA Sciences, Inc.2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended

 242,232

 $
 66.21

 44,343

 Applied DNA
 Sciences, Inc. 2020 Incentive Plan

 2,244,645

 3.00

 1,283,903

 Equity compensation
 plans not approved by security holders

 —

 —

 —

 TOTAL

 2,486,877

 $
 9.95

 1,328,246

 (1)
 Includes unsettled RSUs

 Security Ownership of Certain
Beneficial Owners and Management

 The following table sets forth certain information
regarding the shares of our common stock beneficially owned as of January 19, 2024, (i) by each person who is known to us to
beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock, (ii) by each of the executive officers named in the table under "Summary
Compensation Table" and by each of our directors named in the table under "Director Compensation: Fiscal 2023" who
were directors as of January 19, 2024 and (iii) by all executive officers and directors as a group.

 Unless otherwise indicated below, each person
or entity has an address in care of our principal executive offices at 50 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11790.

 Percentage

 Shares Owned

 of Class

 Title of Class

 (1)

 (2)

 Executive Officers
 and Directors:

 James A. Hayward

 506,481

 (3)

 3.59
 %

 Yacov A. Shamash

 179,887

 (4)

 1.29

 Robert B. Catell

 168,712

 (8)

 1.21

 Joseph D. Ceccoli

 171,091

 (5)

 1.23

 Beth M. Jantzen

 72,518

 (9)(12) (13)

 *

 Judith Murrah

 83,990

 (10)(12)(13)

 *

 Clay Shorrock

 46,577

 (12)(13)(14)

 *

 Sanford R. Simon

 167,103

 (6)

 1.20

 Elizabeth
 Schmalz Shaheen

 167,460

 (11)

 1.21

 All
 directors and officers as a group (9 persons)

 1,563,819

 (7)

 10.31
 %

 *

 indicates less than one
 percent

 (1)

 Beneficial ownership is
 determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the shares
 shown. Except as indicated by footnote and subject to community property laws where applicable, to our knowledge, the stockholders
 named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by
 them. A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within 60 days upon the exercise
 of options, warrants or convertible securities (in any case, the "Currently Exercisable Options").

 (2)

 Based upon 13,744,547
 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 19, 2024. Each beneficial owner's percentage ownership is determined
 by assuming that the Currently Exercisable Options that are beneficially held by such person (but not those held by any other person)
 have been exercised and converted.

 (3)

 Includes 372,295 shares

 (4)

 Includes 178,302 shares

 (5)

 Includes 170,522 shares

 (6)

 Includes 167,031 shares

 (7)

 Includes 1,422,072 shares

 (8)

 Includes 166,772 shares

 (9)

 Includes 72,446 shares

 (10)

 Includes 81,443 shares

 (11)

 Includes 166,684 shares

 (12)

 Excludes 91,667, 91,667
 and 99,306 shares underlying RSUs for Ms. Jantzen, Ms. Murrah and Mr. Shorrock, respectively, that were granted on
 March 23, 2023 and vest in full on March 23, 2024.

 (13)

 Excludes 100,000, 100,000
 and 108,333 shares underlying options for Ms. Jantzen, Mr. Shorrock and Ms. Murrah, respectively that were granted
 on March 23, 2023 and vest 25% per year commencing on the first anniversary of grant date.

 (14)

 Includes 46,577 shares

 ITEM 13.

 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS,
 AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 Director Independence

 The Board of Directors has determined that currently
and at all times during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, each of our directors other than Dr. Hayward and Mr. Anchin—consisting
of Robert B. Catell, Joseph D. Ceccoli, Yacov A. Shamash, Sanford R. Simon, and Elizabeth M. Schmalz Shaheen —are and were "independent"
as defined by the listing standards of Nasdaq, constituting a majority of independent directors on our Board of Directors as required
by the rules of Nasdaq. On July 31, 2023, Scott L. Anchin, provided notice to the Company of his intention not to stand for
re-election as director at the Company's upcoming annual meeting of stockholders held on September 19, 2023. Mr. Anchin's
term as director expired upon the election of directors at the annual meeting. The Board of Directors considers in its evaluation of
independence whether any director has a relationship with us that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying
out his or her responsibilities of a director.

 ITEM 14.

 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 Audit and Other Fees

 The following table sets forth fees billed to
us by our current independent auditors during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for: (i) services rendered
for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our quarterly financial statements, (ii) services by our auditor
that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and that are not reported as Audit
Fees, (iii) services rendered in connection with tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning, and (iv) all other fees for services
rendered.

 Fiscal year

 Fiscal year

 ended

 ended

 September 30,

 September 30,

 Marcum LLP

 2023

 2022

 (i)

 Audit Fees

 $
 278,105

 $
 249,035

 (ii)

 Audit-Related Fees

 —

 —

 (iii)

 Tax Fees

 26,265

 22,000

 (iv)

 All Other Fees

 —

 —

 Total Fees

 $
 304,370

 $
 271,035

 Audit
Fees — Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated financial statements,
review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports, and services that are normally provided by our
independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, including registration statements.

 Audit-Related
Fees — Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of
the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under "Audit Fees," such as accounting
consultation and audits in connection with acquisitions.

 Tax
Fees — Consists of fees billed for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

 All
Other Fees — Consists of fees for products and services other than the services reported above.

 The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
has considered whether the provision of non-audit services is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence
and has determined that independence has been maintained.

 Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy

 Our audit committee is responsible for approving
all audit, audit-related, tax and other services. The audit committee pre-approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services,
including all fees and terms to be performed for us by our independent auditor at the beginning of the fiscal year. Non-audit services
are reviewed and pre-approved by project at the beginning of the fiscal year. Any additional non-audit services contemplated by us after
the beginning of the fiscal year are submitted to the chairman of our audit committee for pre-approval prior to engaging our independent
auditor for such services. These interim pre-approvals are reviewed with the full audit committee at its next meeting for ratification.
During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, all services performed by Marcum LLP were pre-approved by our audit committee
in accordance with these policies and applicable SEC regulations.

 ITEM 15.

 EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 (4)

 Exhibits

 Exhibit

 Incorporated
 by Reference

 Filed
 or
 Furnished

 Number

 Description

 Form

 Exhibit

 File
 No.

 Date
 Filed

 Herewith

 2.1*

 Share Purchase Agreement,
 dated July 12, 2023, by and among Spindle Acquisition Corp., Spindle Biotech Inc., the persons listed on Schedule 1.1 therein,
 Lai Him Chung and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 2.1

 7/13/2023

 3.1

 Conformed version of Certificate
 of Incorporation of Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., as most recently amended by the Fifth Certificate of Amendment, effective Thursday,
 September 17, 2020

 S-8

 4.1

 333-249365

 10/07/2020

 3.2

 By-Laws

 3.2

 002-90539

 1/16/2009

 4.1

 Description of Securities

 4.1

 12/9/2021

 4.2

 Form of Purchase Warrant

 4.1

 12/20/2017

 4.3

 Common Stock Purchase Warrant

 4.1

 12/21/2018

 4.4

 Form of common warrant
 certificate (included in the Warrant Agreement, dated November 15, 2019)

 4.2

 11/18/2019

 4.5

 Form of Indenture

 S-3

 4.1

 333-238557

 05/21/2020

 4.6

 Form of Common Stock
 Purchase Warrant

 10.3

 10/14/2020

 4.7

 Form of Pre-Funded
 Common Stock Purchase Warrant

 4.1

 2/23/2022

 4.8

 Form of Common Stock
 Purchase Warrant

 4.2

 2/23/2022

 4.9

 Form of Series A
 Warrant

 4.1

 8/9/2022

 4.10

 Form of Series B
 Warrant

 4.2

 8/9/2022

 4.11

 Form of Prefunded
 Warrant

 4.3

 8/9/2022

 10.1

 Form of
 employee stock option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan

 4.1

 002-90539

 05/15/2012

 10.2

 Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended and restated

 DEF 14A

 Appendix A

 04/04/2019

 10.3

 Form of employee stock
 option agreement under the Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended

 10.1

 12/14/2015

 10.4

 Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
 2020 Equity Incentive Plan

 DEF 14A

 Appendix A

 08/03/2020

 10.5

 Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.
 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Grant Notice and Award Agreement

 S-8

 10.3

 333-249365

 10/07/2020

 10.6

 Employment
 Agreement, dated July 1, 2016, between James A. Hayward and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 10.1

 8/2/2016

 10.7

 Form of
 Indemnification Agreement dated as of September 7, 2012, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and each of its directors
 and executive officers

 10.1

 002-90539

 9/13/2012

 10.8

 Warrant
 Agreement, dated November 20, 2014, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company,
 LLC as warrant agent

 4.1

 11/20/2014

 10.9

 First
 Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated April 1, 2015 between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and American Stock Transfer &
 Trust Company, LLC as warrant agent

 4.1

 4/1/2015

 10.10

 Second
 Amendment to Warrant Agreement dated November 2, 2016

 10.4

 11/2/2016

 10.11

 Registration
 Rights Agreement dated November 2, 2016

 10.3

 11/2/2016

 10.12*

 License
 Agreement with Himatsingka America, Inc. dated June 23, 2017

 10.1

 8/10/2017

 10.13

 Placement
 Agency Agreement by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, dated December 20, 2017.

 10.1

 12/20/2017

 10.14

 Registration
 Rights Agreement, dated November 29, 2018

 10.2

 12/6/2018

 10.15

 Purchase Agreement, dated November 29, 2018

 10.3

 12/6/2018

 10.16

 Registration
 Rights Agreement, dated August 31, 2018

 8-K/A

 10.2

 12/10/2018

 10.17

 Purchase Agreement, dated August 31, 2018

 10.45

 12/18/2018

 10.18+

 Patent and Know-How License
 and Cooperation Agreement, dated March 28, 2019, between the Company, APDN (B.V.I.), Inc., and ETCH BioTrace S.A.

 10.10

 5/9/2019

 10.19

 Registration Rights Agreement,
 dated July 16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and the investor named on the signature page thereof.

 10.2

 07/17/2019

 10.20

 Securities Purchase Agreement,
 dated July 16, 2019 by and among Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and the investor named on the signature page thereof.

 10.3

 07/17/2019

 10.21

 Asset Purchase Agreement,
 dated July 29, 2019 by and between LineaRX, Inc. and Vitatex Inc.

 10.1

 8/12/2019

 10.22

 Form of Subscription
 Agreement between investors and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., dated August 22, 2019.

 10.1

 8/26/2019

 10.23

 Underwriting Agreement
 entered into by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, as Representative of the Underwriters listed in
 Schedule I hereto, dated November 13, 2019.

 1.1

 11/14/2019

 10.24

 Warrant Agreement, dated
 November 15, 2019, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC

 4.1

 11/18/2019

 10.25

 Consulting Agreement, dated
 as of December 12, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Meadow Hill Place, LLC

 10.1

 10.26

 Agreement
 of Lease dated June 14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc.

 10.2

 002-90539

 8/13/2013

 10.27

 Agreement of Lease, dated
 November 1, 2015, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc.

 10.2

 10.28

 Option Exercise Notice,
 dated December 3, 2015, Pursuant to Lease dated June 14, 2013, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Long Island
 High Technology Incubator, Inc.

 10.2

 05/12/2016

 10.29

 Temporary Lease
 Extension Agreement, dated August 9, 2019, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc.

 10.3

 10.30

 Amendment to Leases, dated
 November 4, 2019, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 10.4

 10.31

 Amendment to Leases, dated
 January 17, 2020, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 10.5

 10.32

 Registration Rights Agreement,
 dated October 7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Dillon Hill Capital, LLC.

 10.4

 10/14/2020

 10.33

 Registration Rights Agreement,
 dated October 7, 2020, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Dillon Hill Investment Company LLC.

 10.5

 10/14/2020

 10.34+

 Joint Development Agreement,
 dated September 11, 2018, between LineaRx, Inc., Takis S.R.L. and Evvivax S.R.L., as amended by that First Amendment, dated
 February 3, 2020

 10.46

 12/17/2020

 10.35

 Animal Clinical Trial Agreement,
 dated September 14, 2020, between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc., Evvivax S.R.L. and Veterinary Oncology Services, PLLC

 10.47

 12/17/2020

 10.36

 Letter Agreement dated
 March 2, 2021, by and between the Company and Dr. James Hayward

 10.1

 3/4/2021

 10.37

 Office Lease Renewal Letter
 Agreement, dated February 1, 2022, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 10.43

 10.38

 Laboratory Lease Renewal
 Letter Agreement, dated February 1, 2022, by and between Long Island High Technology Incubator, Inc. and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc.

 10.44

 10.39+

 Contract Number T212206,
 dated August 3, 2021, by and between The City University of New York and Applied DNA Clinical Labs, LLC.

 10.45

 10.40+

 First Amendment
 to Contract No. T212206, dated December 16, 2021, by and between The City University of New York and Applied DNA Clinical
 Labs, LLC.

 10.46

 10.41+

 Second Amendment to Contract
 No. T212206, dated July 19, 2022, by and between The City University of New York and Applied DNA Clinical Labs, LLC.

 10.47

 10.42

 Equity Distribution Agreement,
 dated November 7, 2023, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC

 10.1

 11/7/2023

 10.43

 Letter Agreement, dated
 January 4, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and James A. Hayward.

 10.1

 1/5/2024

 10.44

 Letter Agreement, dated
 January 4, 2024, by and between Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. and Judith Murrah.

 10.2

 1/5/2024

 14.1

 Code of Business Conduct
 and Ethics.

 14.1

 21.1

 Subsidiaries of Applied
 DNA Sciences, Inc.

 21.1

 23.1

 Consent of Marcum LLP

 23.1

 31.1

 Executive Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as
 adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 31.1

 31.2

 Financial Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as
 adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 31.2

 31.3

 Executive Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as
 adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 Filed

 31.4

 Financial Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as
 adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 Filed

 32.1

 Certification
 of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
 Act of 2002

 32.1

 32.2

 Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
 2002

 32.2

 101 INS

 Filed

 101 SCH

 Schema Document

 Filed

 101 CAL

 Calculation Linkbase Document

 Filed

 101 DEF

 Definition Linkbase Document

 Filed

 101 LAB

 Label Linkbase Document

 Filed

 101 PRE

 Presentation Linkbase Document

 Filed

 Cover Page Interactive

 Filed

 Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract
 or arrangement.

 *
 A request for confidentiality has been granted
 for certain portions of the indicated document. Confidential portions have been omitted and
 filed separately with the SEC as required by Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Exchange
 Act.

 +
 Portions
 of this exhibit have been omitted because the information is both not material and is the
 type that the Company treats as private or confidential. The omissions have been indicated
 by bracketed asterisks ("[***]").

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13
or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 Date: January 26, 2024

 APPLIED DNA SCIENCES, INC.

 /s/ James A.
 Hayward

 James A. Hayward

 President and Chief Executive Officer