0001703956 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 2024-04-30
 0001703956 2025-01-06
 thunderdome:item
 0001703956 2024-10-31
 0001703956 2023-10-31
 0001703956 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: StockbasedProgramMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ShareRepurchaseProgramMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CommonStockOutstandingMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CommonStockMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TreasuryStockCommonAndPreferredMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RetainedEarningsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: BrundageBoneMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CamfaudMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: EcoPanIncMember 2024-10-31
 utr: Y
 0001703956 us-gaap: BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember srt: MinimumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: BuildingAndBuildingImprovementsMember srt: MaximumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: LeaseholdsAndLeaseholdImprovementsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: FurnitureAndFixturesMember srt: MinimumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: FurnitureAndFixturesMember srt: MaximumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MachineryAndEquipmentMember srt: MinimumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MachineryAndEquipmentMember srt: MaximumMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: TransportationEquipmentMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CostOfGoodsTotalMember us-gaap: SupplierConcentrationRiskMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: PublicWarrantsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: PrivateWarrantsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: WarrantToPurchaseClassACommonStockMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: LandBuildingsAndImprovementsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: LandBuildingsAndImprovementsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: FinanceLeasesForLandAndBuildingsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: FinanceLeasesForLandAndBuildingsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MachineryAndEquipmentMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: TransportationEquipmentMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CostOfSalesMember bbcp: PropertyAndEquipmentMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CostOfSalesMember bbcp: PropertyAndEquipmentMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember bbcp: PropertyAndEquipmentMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember bbcp: PropertyAndEquipmentMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: BrundageBoneConcretePumpingTradeNameMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: EcoPanTradeNameMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: CapitalPumpingTradeNameMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CustomerRelationshipsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: TradeNamesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssembledWorkforceMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: NoncompeteAgreementsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TradeNamesIndefiniteLivedMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: CustomerRelationshipsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: TradeNamesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssembledWorkforceMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: NoncompeteAgreementsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TradeNamesIndefiniteLivedMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: UKOperationsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 srt: ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RelatedPartyMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RelatedPartyMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: RevolvingLoanMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: RevolvingLoanMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SeniorSecuredNotesMember 2021-01-28
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2021-01-28
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-06-01
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap: StandbyLettersOfCreditMember 2023-06-01
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: JpmorganChaseBankNaMember 2023-06-01
 0001703956 2023-06-01 2023-06-01
 0001703956 2023-06-01
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap: StandbyLettersOfCreditMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: BankOfAmericaMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: PncBankMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 2024-09-06
 0001703956 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap: StandbyLettersOfCreditMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember us-gaap: BridgeLoanMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2022-07-01 2023-05-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2023-06-01 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo333Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo666Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember bbcp: SterlingOvernightIndexAverageMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember 2022-06-30 2023-05-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: BaseRateMember 2022-06-30 2023-05-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember 2023-06-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: BaseRateMember 2023-06-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo333Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo666Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember srt: MinimumMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrOvernightIndexSwapRateMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo333Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: BaseRateMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember bbcp: QuarterlyAverageExcessAvailabilityIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo666Member bbcp: OtherLoanBorrowingsMember us-gaap: BaseRateMember 2024-09-06 2024-09-06
 0001703956 bbcp: AssetBackedRevolvingCreditFacilityMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 country: US 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 country: US 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ForeignMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ForeignMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: DomesticCountryMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: StateAndLocalJurisdictionMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: ForeignCountryMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: WashingtonDepartmentOfRevenueRulingMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: WashingtonDepartmentOfRevenueRulingMember 2023-11-01 2024-01-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: StandbyLettersOfCreditMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 2018-12-06
 0001703956 bbcp: PublicWarrantsMember 2019-04-29 2019-04-29
 0001703956 bbcp: PrivateWarrantsMember 2019-04-29 2019-04-29
 0001703956 bbcp: PublicWarrantsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: PublicOfferingMember 2019-05-14 2019-05-14
 0001703956 bbcp: PublicOfferingMember 2019-05-14
 0001703956 bbcp: DirectorsOfficersStockholdersMember bbcp: PublicOfferingMember 2019-05-14 2019-05-14
 0001703956 bbcp: DirectorsOfficersStockholdersMember bbcp: PublicOfferingMember 2019-05-14
 0001703956 us-gaap: SeriesAPreferredStockMember 2019-06-06
 0001703956 2019-06-06 2019-06-06
 utr: D
 0001703956 2024-03-07
 0001703956 2023-01-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The2018OmnibusIncentivePlanMember country: GB 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The6MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf600For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The6MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf600For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The8MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf800For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The8MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf800For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The10MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf1000For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: The10MarketTimeBasedMember bbcp: ClosingPriceOf1000For30ConsecutiveTradingDaysMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TheFreeCashFlowBasedMember srt: MinimumMember bbcp: SpecifiedFreeCashFlowTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TheFreeCashFlowBasedMember srt: MaximumMember bbcp: SpecifiedFreeCashFlowTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TheFreeCashFlowBasedMember bbcp: SpecifiedFreeCashFlowTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TotalStockholderReturnBasedMember bbcp: SpecifiedTotalShareholderReturnTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TotalStockholderReturnBasedMember srt: MinimumMember bbcp: SpecifiedTotalShareholderReturnTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TotalStockholderReturnBasedMember srt: MaximumMember bbcp: SpecifiedTotalShareholderReturnTargetMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TotalStockholderReturnBasedMember 2023-11-01 2024-01-31
 0001703956 bbcp: TotalStockholderReturnBasedMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ExercisePriceRangeOneMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ExercisePriceRangeOneMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: EmployeeStockOptionMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RestrictedStockMember 2022-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RestrictedStockMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: RestrictedStockMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SeriesAPreferredStocksMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SeriesAPreferredStocksMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SmallSelfAdministeredSchemeMember bbcp: CamfaudMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: SmallSelfAdministeredSchemeMember bbcp: CamfaudMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInCaliforniaMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInCaliforniaMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInOregonMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInOregonMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInWashingtonMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: RetirementPlanContributionInWashingtonMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 2023-11-01 2023-11-01
 0001703956 2022-11-01 2022-11-01
 0001703956 2024-10-31 2024-10-31
 0001703956 2023-10-31 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember srt: ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember srt: ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember srt: RestatementAdjustmentMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember srt: RestatementAdjustmentMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcretePumpingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKConcretePumpingMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: UKConcretePumpingMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: OperatingSegmentsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MaterialReconcilingItemsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MaterialReconcilingItemsMember bbcp: USConcreteWasteManagementServicesMember 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 bbcp: OtherOperatingSegmentsAndIntersegmentEliminationsMember 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2024-10-31
 0001703956 us-gaap: MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2023-10-31
 0001703956 country: GB 2023-11-01 2024-10-31
 0001703956 country: GB 2022-11-01 2023-10-31
 0001703956 country: US 2024-10-31
 0001703956 country: US 2023-10-31
 0001703956 country: GB 2024-10-31
 0001703956 country: GB 2023-10-31

 UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 Washington, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-K

 (Mark One)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024

 OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from to

 Commission File Number: 001-38166

 CONCRETE PUMPING HOLDINGS, INC.

 (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 Delaware

 83-1779605

 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 500 E. 84th Avenue, Suite A-5
 Thornton, Colorado

 80229

 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 (Zip Code)

 ( 303) 289-7497

 (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class

 Trading Symbol(s)

 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

 BBCP

 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

 The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $ 163,295,079 based upon the market price of $6.65 per share on April 30, 2024. As of January 6, 2025, 53,002,607 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

 Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed hereafter are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

 For the year ended October 31, 2024

 Page

 Item 1.

 Business

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 [Reserved]

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 SIGNATURES

 (i)

 Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors Summary

 Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Annual Report") constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies and prospects. These forward-looking statements may be identified by terminology such as "likely," "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue," or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the items in the following list, which also summarizes some of the principal risks relating to the Company and its business:

 the adverse impact of recent inflationary pressures, including increases in fuel costs, global economic conditions and events related to these conditions;

 general economic and business conditions, which may affect demand for commercial, infrastructure, and residential construction and adverse effects of major endemics or pandemics on our business;

 seasonal and inclement weather conditions, which impede the installation of ready-mixed concrete;

 the cyclical nature of, and changes in, the real estate and construction markets, including pricing changes by our competitors;

 our ability to successfully implement our operating strategy;

 our ability to successfully identify, manage and integrate acquisitions;

 our ability to maintain effective internal controls necessary to provide reliable financial reports;

 governmental requirements and initiatives, including those related to mortgage lending, financing or deductions, funding for public or infrastructure construction, land usage, and environmental, health, and safety matters;

 our ability to maintain favorable relationships with third parties who supply us with equipment and essential supplies;

 our ability to retain key personnel and maintain satisfactory labor relations;

 disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our, our suppliers' and our customers' access to capital;

 personal injury, property damage, results of litigation, proceedings, adverse rulings, and other claims and insurance coverage issues;

 our substantial indebtedness and the restrictions imposed on us by the terms of our indebtedness;

 the effects of currency fluctuations on our results of operations and financial condition;

 our ability to monitor, protect and reduce disruptions to our information technology systems from cybersecurity threats and incidents;

 other factors as described below in the section entitled "Risk Factors."

 Item 1. Business

 Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Thornton, Colorado. We refer to Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. as the "Company," "CPH,", "us", "we" or "our" in this Annual Report, and these designations include our subsidiaries unless we state otherwise.

 Our principal executive offices are located at 500 E. 84 th Ave., Suite A-5, Thornton, Colorado, 80229. We maintain a website at  The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report.

 Overview

 CPH is a leading provider of concrete pumping services and concrete waste management services in the United States ("U.S.") and the United Kingdom ("U.K.") based on fleet size, primarily operating under what we believe are the only established, national concrete pumping brands in both geographies – Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc. ("Brundage-Bone") for concrete pumping in the U.S., Camfaud Group Limited ("Camfaud") in the U.K., and Eco-Pan, Inc. ("Eco-Pan") for waste management services in both the U.S. and U.K. The Brundage-Bone business was founded in 1983 in Denver, Colorado. Since then, the Company has expanded across the U.S. and U.K. through more than 70 strategic acquisitions. Eco-Pan was founded in 1999 and was acquired by CPH in 2014.

 Concrete pumping is a highly specialized method of concrete placement that requires skilled operators to position a truck-mounted, fully-articulating boom for precise delivery of ready-mix concrete from mixer trucks to placing crews on a construction job site. In addition, given the rising awareness of environmental factors, proper concrete washout handling is an important area of focus for our Company. We believe that our large fleet of specialized pumping equipment, washout pans and trucks, and highly-trained operators enable us to be the trusted provider of concrete placement and concrete waste management solutions to our customers. We deliver and facilitate substantial labor cost savings, shortened concrete placement times, enhanced worksite safety, and efficient concrete washout containment, and thereby help improve the overall quality of construction projects. As of October 31, 2024, we operated a fleet of approximately 1,550 units of equipment, with approximately 1,590 employees and approximately 145 locations globally.

 With over 40 years of experience, we believe we are the only nationally-scaled provider of concrete pumping services in the U.S. and the U.K., with the most comprehensive and reliable fleet and highly-skilled operators to provide quality service. We are especially equipped to support large and technically complex construction projects, which generally command higher price points than smaller projects. In addition, we have actively focused our business on commercial and infrastructure construction projects, while continuing to pursue profitable residential opportunities. Our fleet is capable of handling multiple large projects concurrently and can be deployed on short-notice across the U.S. and the U.K., thereby allowing us to efficiently allocate resources depending on market conditions to more profitable markets. Our complementary Eco-Pan business provides concrete washout services to customers. We plan to continue establishing additional Eco-Pan locations across the U.S. and the U.K., and further penetrate our existing concrete pumping customer base by cross-selling our Eco-Pan services.

 As of October 31, 2024, we estimate our share of the concrete pumping market to be approximately 17% in the U.S. and approximately 30% in the U.K., based on fleet size. In the U.S. and U.K. markets, we serve a large and diverse customer base and as of October 31, 2024, our top ten customers represented less than 10% of our total revenue and had an average tenure of more than 25 years.

 Segments

 We operate through the following reportable segments:

 U.S. Concrete Pumping: Our U.S. concrete pumping services segment represented 68% of our total revenue for the year ended October 31, 2024, and services from this segment are primarily provided under our Brundage-Bone and Capital Pumping brands, which as of October 31, 2024, operated a total fleet of approximately 1,020 equipment units from a diversified footprint of approximately 90 locations across 22 states. We provide operated concrete pumping services, for which customers are billed on a negotiated time and volume basis based on the duration of the job and yards of concrete pumped. Additional charges (such as a fuel surcharge and travel costs) are frequently added based on specific project requirements. Typically, we send a single operator with each concrete pump. We do not take ownership of the concrete and thus have minimal inventory or product liability risk. We typically do not engage in fixed-bid work or have surety bonding requirements and operate a daily fee-based revenue model regardless of overall construction project completion.

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services: Our U.S. concrete waste management services segment represented 17% of our total revenue for the year ended October 31, 2024. Operating under our Eco-Pan brand, with approximately 130 trucks and over 11,000 custom metal pans or containers for construction sites from 20 locations in the U.S. as of October 31, 2024, we are a leading provider of concrete waste management services in the U.S, providing a full-service, route-based, cost-effective, regulation-compliant solution to manage environmental issues caused by concrete washout. We charge a fixed fee that includes (1) the round-trip delivery and pickup of watertight pans / containers, (2) environmental disposal of concrete washout and (3) a specified number of days the pans / containers can be used for. This provides a turnkey solution to the customer compared to the alternatives of bagging the waste concrete, pouring it into an on-site lined pit, or disposing of it into trash dumpsters and arranging for a pick-up. To the extent that the pans or containers are held at the job site for an extended number of days or irregular waste is found in the pan, we charge incremental fees. Our trucks are designed to allow for the pick-up and re-delivery of multiple pans, leading to significant incremental efficiencies as route densities increase.

 U.K. Operations: Our U.K. operations segment represented 15% of our total revenue for the year ended October 31, 2024, and consisted of concrete pumping and concrete waste management services. Our concrete pumping services are primarily provided through either our Camfaud brand (operated pumping services) or our Premier Concrete Pumping brand (rental of pumping equipment without an operator). Mobile equipment is charged to customers under a minimum hire rate, which is typically five to eight hours. Our concrete pumping business in the U.K. is comprised of a fleet of approximately 400 equipment units that are serviced from approximately 35 locations as of October 31, 2024. In addition, the results of our concrete waste management operations under our Eco-Pan brand name in the U.K. are included in this segment. Our Eco-Pan business in the U.K. is operated from a shared Camfaud location as of October 31, 2024. We bill our customers for our Eco-Pan services in the same manner as our U.S. Eco-Pan services.

 Competitive Environment

 The concrete pumping industry is highly fragmented in both the U.S. and the U.K. In the U.S., we believe there are approximately 1,000 industry participants, the majority of which operate with an average of five to ten pumps each. A limited number have a multi-regional presence (average of 50-60 pumps) and no other companies have a national presence. We believe many industry participants are undercapitalized, utilize aged equipment and operate only smaller and significantly fewer boom pumps. In a typical geographic market, we generally compete with only one or two other concrete pumping companies that can perform the larger and more complex projects that we typically target.

 In the concrete waste management industry, we compete with local operators who may have a small number of washout pans but are not capable of offering services across the U.S. We believe we are the only operator of scale with a national footprint in this industry and estimate that there is only one competitor on a national level. While the technology underlying the washout pans is less sophisticated than that for a concrete pump, we believe having the capacity and route density that Eco-Pan has achieved is a differentiator in terms of profitability. Our U.K. operations segment is the pioneer of the concrete waste management service in the U.K. and as such, we are not aware of any equivalent competitor in the U.K.

 Equipment

 Our fleet is operated by approximately 920 experienced employees as of October 31, 2024, each of whom is required to complete rigorous training and safety programs. In addition, we have approximately 150 skilled mechanics who perform in-house equipment servicing. As of October 31, 2024, we owned 100% of our fleet consisting of approximately 900 boom pumps, ranging in size from 20 to 66 meters, 90 placing booms, 20 telebelts, 300 stationary pumps, and 130 concrete waste management trucks. As of October 31, 2024, the average age of our fleet was approximately 8 years old and most of our equipment had useful lives of 10 to 25 years.

 Customers

 We serve a base of more than 16,000 customers (often with several projects per customer) across the U.S. and the U.K. and have an approximate 90% customer retention rate based on our top 500 customers and ~100% customer retention rate of our top 100 customers as of October 31, 2024. In addition, as of October 31, 2024, our top ten customers represented less than 10% of our total revenue and had an average tenure of more than 25 years. Our customer composition is largely dependent on geographic location and general economic and construction market trends within individual operating markets. We actively monitor regional trends and target customers in fast-growing markets through our extensive geographic footprint and knowledge of the local construction markets in each region in which we operate.

 Our customer base consists of general contractors or concrete contractors that span across the commercial, infrastructure and residential end markets. We also sell replacement parts to regional operators that lack the capital and scale to independently maintain a sufficiently stocked replacement parts inventory. Our contractual arrangements with customers are typically on a project-to-project purchase order basis.

 Suppliers

 We primarily purchase pumping equipment, replacement parts, and fuel for our day-to-day operations. Concrete pumping equipment is primarily sourced from three suppliers – Schwing, Putzmeister, and Alliance. There are a number of other suppliers and we are not solely dependent upon any single equipment provider. We believe we are the concrete pumping industry's largest consumer of concrete pumping supplies and, as such, have significant purchasing efficiencies. We typically purchase fuel in bulk at favorable prices and primarily utilize onsite fuel storage facilities.

 Employees

 As of October 31, 2024, we had approximately 1,590 employees across the U.S. and the U.K., of which approximately 1,070 are highly-skilled equipment operators and mechanics, approximately 200 are managers, approximately 40 are in sales, and approximately 70 are dispatchers. The remaining employees include administrative support, corporate functions, and laborers. Our employees have an average tenure of approximately five years for pump operators. Additionally, our regional managers have, on average, approximately 30 years of experience in the concrete pumping industry. We maintain a highly sophisticated, industry recognized training program, which ensures all operators can meet the requirements of any project. Pumping operators are trained in concrete pumping, concrete waste management operators are trained in the delivery and pick up of pans and containers and all operators are trained in basic mechanical repair, while shop managers are trained in inspection and maintenance of all critical truck systems.

 Approximately 110 employees in CPH's workforce are unionized across California, Oregon and Washington. These individuals are represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers ("IUOE") under three separate collective bargaining agreements. We have historically maintained favorable relations with the IUOE and have not experienced any significant disputes, disagreements, strikes or work stoppages.

 Safety

 We maintain an active safety program, including an in-house corporate safety department and a designated safety trainer at each branch. As part of our safety management program, we track key safety performance indicators at each branch location to monitor safety performance and seek to implement corrective actions when needed. Over the last two years, our Total Recordable Incident Rate has remained at or below industry averages.

 Environmental Matters

 We are subject to various federal, state and local and environmental laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of pollutants into air or water, the management, storage and disposal of, or exposure to, hazardous substances and wastes, the responsibility to investigate and clean up contamination, and occupational health and safety. Fines and penalties may be imposed for non-compliance with applicable environmental, health and safety requirements and the failure to have or to comply with the terms and conditions of required permits. We are not aware of any material instances of non-compliance with respect to environmental regulations.

 Available Information

 We make our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish the materials electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). To obtain any of this information, go to our investor relations website,  and select "SEC Filings". Our investor relations website includes our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and charters for the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance/Nominating Committees. These materials may also be obtained, free of charge, at  (select "Corporate Governance").

 Item 1A. Risk Factors

 Risks Related to the Company's Business and Operations

 Our business is cyclical in nature and a slowdown in economic activity, especially as it pertains to construction spending, has in the past and could in the future negatively impact our financial results.

 Substantially all of our customer base comes from the commercial, infrastructure and residential construction markets. Global economic challenges including inflation, persistently high interest rates, increased fuel costs, supply-chain disruptions, and adverse labor market conditions have caused macroeconomic uncertainty and volatility in markets where we operate, and as a result of these challenges, (1) we have experienced negative impacts to our gross margins where we have not been able to fully pass these cost increase factors on to our customers and (2) some of our customers' projects have been delayed or potentially cancelled. Although economic conditions have shown signs of improvement in recent months, any further worsening of economic conditions or a decrease in construction expenditures and/or investments could cause weakness in our end markets, cause declines in construction and industrial activity, and materially adversely affect our revenue and operating results.

 The following factors, among others, may cause weakness in our end markets, either temporarily or long-term:

 the depth and duration of an economic slowdown and lack of availability of credit;

 macroeconomic factors, which have resulted in a tight labor market and impacted supply chains, our operations and our customers' operations;

 uncertainty regarding general or regional economic conditions;

 reductions in corporate spending for plants and facilities or government spending for infrastructure projects;

 reductions in commercial and residential construction spending activity;

 the cyclical nature of our customers' businesses, particularly those operating in the commercial, infrastructure and residential construction sectors;

 an increase in the cost of construction materials;

 a decrease in investment in certain of our key geographic markets;

 changes in interest rates and lending standards;

 an overcapacity in the businesses that drive the need for construction;

 adverse weather conditions, which may temporarily affect a particular region or regions;

 reduced construction activity in our end markets;

 terrorism or hostilities involving the U.S. or the U.K.;

 change in structural construction designs of buildings (e.g., wood versus concrete);

 risks of political or economic instability; and

 oversupply of equipment or new entrants into the market area resulting in greater competitive activity.

 A downturn in any of our end markets in one or more of our geographic markets caused by these or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

 Our business is seasonal and subject to adverse weather conditions.

 Since our business is primarily conducted outdoors, erratic weather patterns, seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions affect our business. Adverse weather conditions, including hurricanes and tropical storms, cold weather, snow, and heavy or sustained rainfall, have in the past and could in the future reduce construction activity, restrict the demand for our products and services, and impede our ability to deliver and pump concrete efficiently or at all. In addition, during periods of extended adverse weather or other operational delays, we may elect to continue to pay certain hourly employees to maintain our workforce, which may adversely impact our results of operations. In addition, severe drought conditions can restrict available water supplies and restrict production. Consequently, these events have in the past and could in the future adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.

 Our revenue and operating results have varied historically from period to period and any unexpected periods of decline could result in an overall decline in our available cash flows.

 Our revenue and operating results have varied historically from period to period and may continue to do so. We have identified below certain of the factors that have in the past and may in the future cause our revenue and operating results to vary:

 seasonal weather patterns in the construction industry on which we rely, with activity tending to be lowest in the winter and spring;

 the timing of expenditures for maintaining existing equipment, acquiring new equipment and disposing of used equipment;

 changes in demand for our services or the prices we charge due to changes in economic conditions, competition or other factors;

 changes in the interest rates applicable to our variable rate debt, and the overall level of our debt;

 fluctuations in fuel costs;

 general economic conditions in the markets where we operate;

 the cyclical nature of our customers' businesses;

 price changes in response to competitive factors;

 other cost fluctuations, such as costs for employee-related compensation and benefits;

 labor shortages, work stoppages or other labor difficulties and labor issues in trades on which our business may be dependent in particular regions;

 potential enactment of new legislation affecting our operations or labor relations;

 timing of acquisitions and new branch openings and related costs;

 possible unrecorded liabilities of acquired companies and difficulties associated with integrating acquired companies into our existing operations;

 changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar ("USD") and Great Britain pound sterling ("GBP");

 potential increased demand from our customers to develop and provide new technological services in our business to meet changing customer preferences;

 our ability to control costs and maintain quality;

 our effectiveness in integrating new locations and acquisitions; and

 possible write-offs or exceptional charges due to changes in applicable accounting standards, reorganizations or restructurings, obsolete or damaged equipment or the refinancing of our existing debt.

 Accordingly, our operating results in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that can be expected for any other quarter or for the entire year. Furthermore, negative trends in the concrete pumping and waste management industries or in our geographic markets could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.

 Our business is highly competitive and competition may increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 The concrete pumping industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Many of the markets in which we operate are served by several competitors, ranging from larger regional companies to small, independent businesses with a limited fleet and geographic scope of operations. Some of our principal competitors may have more flexible capital structures or may have greater name recognition in one or more of our geographic markets. We generally compete on the basis of, among other things, quality and breadth of service, expertise, reliability, price and the size, quality and availability of our fleet of pumping equipment, which is significantly affected by the level of our capital expenditures. If we are required to reduce or delay capital expenditures for any reason, including due to restrictions contained in, or debt service payments required by, our credit facilities or otherwise, the ability to replace our fleet or the age of our fleet may put us at a disadvantage to our competitors and adversely impact our ability to generate revenue. In addition, our industry may be subject to competitive price decreases in the future, particularly during cyclical downturns in our end markets, which can adversely affect revenue, profitability and cash flow. We may encounter increased competition from existing competitors or new market entrants in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 We are dependent on our relationships with key suppliers to obtain equipment for our business.

 We depend on a small group of key manufacturers of concrete pumping equipment to sell equipment to us. We have historically relied primarily on three suppliers, and we cannot provide assurance that our favorable working relationships with our suppliers will continue in the future or that they will continue to provide high-quality products, service and support. Any deterioration in the quality of such products, service or support could result in additional maintenance costs and operational issues.

 In addition, the concrete industry has historically been subject to periods of supply shortages, particularly in a strong economy or due to macroeconomic supply chain issues. We cannot predict the impact on our suppliers of changes in the economic environment and other developments in their respective businesses. Insolvency, financial difficulties, strategic changes or other factors may result in our suppliers not being able to fulfill the terms of their agreements with us, whether satisfactorily or at all. Further, such factors may render suppliers unwilling to extend contracts that provide favorable terms to us or may force them to seek to renegotiate existing contracts with us. Termination of our relationship with any of our key suppliers, or interruption of our access to concrete pumping equipment, pipe or other supplies, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 As the average fleet age increases, our offerings may not be as attractive to potential customers and our operating costs may materially increase, impacting our results of operations.

 As our equipment ages, the cost of maintaining such equipment, if not replaced within a certain period of time or amount of use, will likely increase. We estimate that our fleet assets generally will have a useful life of up to 25 years depending on the size of the machine, hours in service, yardage pumped, and, in certain instances, other circumstances unique to an asset. We manage our fleet of equipment according to the wear and tear that a specific machine or type of equipment is expected to experience over its useful life. As of October 31, 2024, the average age of our concrete pumping equipment was approximately eight years. If the average age of our equipment increases, whether as a result of our inability to access sufficient capital to maintain or replace equipment in a timely manner or otherwise, our investment in the maintenance, parts and repair for individual pieces of equipment may exceed the book value or replacement value of that equipment. We cannot provide assurance that costs of maintenance will not materially increase in the future. Any material increase in such costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, as our equipment ages, it may become less attractive to potential customers, thus decreasing our ability to effectively compete for new business.

 The costs of new equipment we use in our fleet may increase, requiring us to spend more for replacement equipment or preventing us from procuring equipment on a timely basis.

 The cost of new equipment for use in our concrete pumping fleet has increased and could further increase due to increased material costs to our suppliers or other factors beyond our control. Such increases could materially adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in future periods. Furthermore, changes in technology or customer demand could cause certain of our existing equipment to become obsolete and require us to purchase new equipment at increased costs.

 We sell used equipment on a regular basis. Our fleet is subject to residual value risk upon disposition and may not sell at the prices or in the quantities we expect.

 We continuously evaluate our fleet of equipment as we seek to optimize our vehicle size and capabilities for our end markets in multiple locations. We therefore seek to sell used equipment on a regular basis. The market value of any given piece of equipment could be less than its depreciated value at the time it is sold. The market value of used equipment depends on several factors, including:

 the market price for comparable new equipment;

 the time of year that it is sold;

 the supply of similar used equipment on the market;

 the existence and capacities of different sales outlets;

 the age of the equipment, and the amount of usage of such equipment relative to its age, at the time it is sold;

 worldwide and domestic demand for used equipment;

 the effect of advances and changes in technology in new equipment models;

 changing perception of residual value of used equipment by the Company's suppliers; and

 general economic conditions.

 We include in income from operations the difference between the sales price and the net book value of an item of equipment sold. Changes in our assumptions regarding depreciation could change our depreciation expense, as well as the gain or loss realized upon disposal of equipment. Sales of our used concrete pumping equipment at prices that fall significantly below our expectations or in lesser quantities than we anticipate could have a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 We have in the past and may in the future incur impairment charges as a result of an impairment to goodwill or intangible assets, which would negatively impact our operating results.

 Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations.

 We assess potential impairment of our goodwill at least annually. Impairment may result from significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets, negative industry or economic trends or significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results. An impairment of our goodwill may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 At October 31, 2024, we had remaining recorded goodwill of $223.0 million related to multiple acquisitions.

 If we are unable to collect on contracts with a significant number of customers, our operating results would be adversely affected.

 We have billing arrangements with a majority of our customers that provide for payment on agreed terms after our services are provided. If we are unable to manage credit risk issues adequately, or if a large number of customers should have financial difficulties at the same time, our credit losses could increase significantly above their low historical levels and our operating results would be adversely affected. Further, delinquencies and credit losses increased during the last recession and generally can be expected to increase during economic slowdowns or recessions.

 Fluctuations in fuel costs or reduced supplies of fuel could harm our business.

 Fuel costs represent a meaningful portion of our operating expenses and we are dependent upon fuel to transport and operate our equipment. We have in the past and could in the future be adversely affected by limitations on fuel supplies or increases in fuel prices that result in higher costs of transporting equipment to and from job sites and higher costs to operate our concrete pumps and other equipment. Although we are able to pass through the impact of fuel price charges to most of our customers, there is often a lag before such pass-through arrangements are reflected in our operating results and there may be a limit to how much of any fuel price increases we can pass onto our customers. Any such limits may adversely affect our results of operations.

 We depend on access to our branch facilities to service our customers and maintain and store our equipment, and natural disasters and other developments could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 We depend on our primary branch facilities in the U.S. and U.K., respectively, to store, service and maintain our fleet of equipment. These facilities contain most of the specialized equipment we require to service our fleet, in addition to the extensive secure storage areas needed for a significant number of large vehicles. If any of our facilities were to sustain significant damage or become unavailable to us for any reason, including natural disasters, our operations could be disrupted, which could in turn adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our results of operations and cash flow. Any limitation on our access to facilities as a result of any breach of, or dispute under, our leases could also disrupt and adversely affect our operations. In addition, if natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes or forest fires were to cause significant disruptions to the construction projects where we focus our business, our operations could be disrupted, which could in turn materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 Due to the material portion of our business conducted in currency other than U.S. dollars, we have significant foreign currency risk.

 Our consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with GAAP, and we report, and will continue to report, our results in U.S. dollars. Some of our operations are conducted by subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and the results of operations and the financial position of these subsidiaries are recorded in the relevant foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars. Changes in the value of the pound sterling against the U.S. dollar during financial reporting periods result in foreign currency losses or gains on the translation of U.S. dollar denominated revenues and costs. The exchange rates between the pound sterling against the U.S. dollar have fluctuated significantly in recent years and may fluctuate significantly in the future. Consequently, our reported earnings has in the past and could in the future fluctuate materially as a result of foreign exchange translation gains or losses and may not be comparable from period to period.

 Acquisitions and expansions into new markets may result in significant transaction expense and expose us to risks associated with entering new markets and integrating new or acquired operations.

 We may encounter risks associated with entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience. New operations require significant capital expenditures and may initially have a negative impact on our short-term cash flow, net income and results of operations, or may never become profitable.

 In addition, our industry is highly fragmented, and we expect to consider acquisition opportunities when we believe they would enhance our business and financial performance. However, acquisitions may impose significant strains on our management, operating systems and financial resources, and could experience unanticipated integration issues. The pursuit and integration of acquisitions has in the past and could in the future require substantial attention from our senior management, which would limit the amount of time they have available to devote to our existing operations. Our ability to realize the expected benefits from any future acquisitions depends in large part on our ability to integrate and consolidate the new operations within our existing operations in a timely and effective manner. Future acquisitions could also result in the incurrence of substantial amounts of indebtedness and contingent liabilities (including environmental, employee benefits and safety and health liabilities), accumulation of goodwill that may become impaired, and an increase in amortization expenses related to intangible assets. Any significant diversion of management's attention from our existing operations, the loss of key employees or customers of any acquired business, any major difficulties encountered in the opening of start-up locations or the integration of acquired operations or any associated increases in indebtedness, liabilities or expenses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 We may not realize the anticipated synergies, cost savings or profits from acquisitions.

 We have completed a number of acquisitions in the past that we believe present revenue, profit and cost-saving synergy opportunities. However, the integration of prior or future acquisitions may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the revenue, profit and cost synergies that we expected at the time or currently expect within the anticipated time frame or at all. Moreover, we may incur substantial expenses or unforeseen liabilities in connection with the integration of acquired businesses. While we anticipate that certain expenses will be incurred in connection with any acquisition, such expenses are difficult to estimate accurately and may exceed our estimates. Accordingly, the expected benefits of any acquisition may be offset by costs or delays incurred in integrating the businesses. Failure of prior or future acquisitions to meet our expectations and be integrated successfully could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 Disruptions in our information technology systems due to cyber security threats, incidents or other factors could adversely impact our operations and our operating results, and unauthorized access to customer or vendor information on our systems could adversely affect our relationships and business reputation or result in liability.

 Our information technology systems, including our equipment dispatch system and our enterprise resource planning system, facilitate our ability to monitor and control our assets and operations and adjust to changing market conditions and customer needs. Any disruptions in these systems or the failure of these systems to operate as expected could, depending on the magnitude of the problem, adversely impact our operations and our operating results by limiting our capacity to effectively monitor and control our assets and operations and adjust to changing market conditions in a timely manner. Computer viruses, hackers, employee misconduct and other external hazards can expose our information systems to security breaches, cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business.

 Many of our business records at most of our branches are maintained manually, and loss of those records as a result of facility damage, personnel changes or otherwise could also cause such disruptions. In addition, because our systems sometimes contain information about individuals and businesses, our failure to appropriately safeguard the security of the data it holds, whether as a result of our own error or the malfeasance or errors of others, could harm our reputation or give rise to legal liabilities, leading to lower revenue, increased costs and other material adverse effects on our results of operations.

 There are also inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating current systems, including the potential disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. There is no assurance that the systems upon which we rely, including those of our third party service providers or those configured by our third party service providers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If we, or they on our behalf, do not successfully implement, maintain or expand our systems as planned, our operations may be disrupted, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired, and deficiencies may arise in our internal control over financial reporting, which may impact our ability to certify our financial results.

 As cyber security threats continue to evolve, increasing in sophistication and becoming more targeted, the risks the Company face continue to increase. Many attacks go undetected until they are either launched or have been active for some time. Additionally, there has been an increase in state-sponsored cyberattacks, often carried out by well-funded, highly capable groups. The rapid development and adoption of artificial intelligence technologies ("AI") further exacerbates these concerns, as AI can be used to both enhance the capabilities of attackers and help defenders develop more advanced security measures. Due to this we may need to invest additional resources to protect the security of our systems and to comply with increasingly stringent cybersecurity laws and regulations as applicable to our business.

 The actions and controls we have implemented and continue to implement, or which we seek to cause or have caused third party service providers to implement, may be insufficient to protect our systems and information, and we may be unable to detect intrusions, breaches, or other efforts to obtain unauthorized access or interfere with our systems. In addition, although we have taken steps intended to mitigate cybersecurity threats and risks, including internal monitoring, business continuity planning, disaster recovery planning, vulnerability assessments involving penetration testing, business impact analysis and regular cybersecurity training for employees, we may not be able to prevent security breaches involving sensitive data, and a significant disruption or cybersecurity intrusion could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

 Furthermore, instability in the financial markets as a result of terrorism, sustained or significant cyber-attacks, or war could also materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital. The potential consequences of a future material cybersecurity attack on us or our third party service providers could include: business disruption; disruption to systems; theft, destruction, loss, corruption, misappropriation or unauthorized release of sensitive and/or confidential information (including personal information in violation of one or more privacy laws); reputational and brand damage; and potential liability, including litigation or other legal actions against us or the imposition by governmental authorities of penalties, fines, fees or liabilities, any of which, in turn, could cause us to incur significantly increased cybersecurity protection and remediation costs, the loss of customers, and could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 Legal and Regulatory Risks

 We are exposed to liability claims on a continuing basis, which may exceed the level of our insurance or not be covered at all, and this could have a material adverse effect on our operating performance.

 Our business exposes us to claims for personal injury, death or property damage resulting from the use of the equipment we operate, rent, sell, service or repair and from injuries caused in motor vehicle or other accidents in which our personnel are involved. Our business also exposes us to workers' compensation claims and other employment-related claims. We carry comprehensive insurance, subject to deductibles, at levels we believe are sufficient to cover existing and future claims; however, future claims may exceed the level of our insurance, and our insurance may not continue to be available on economically reasonable terms, or at all. Certain types of claims, such as claims for punitive damages, are not covered by our insurance. In addition, we are self-insured for the deductibles on our policies and have established reserves for incurred but not reported claims. If actual claims exceed our reserves, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would be adversely affected. Whether or not we are covered by insurance, certain claims may generate negative publicity, which may lead to lower revenues, as well as additional similar claims being filed.

 Our business is subject to significant operating risks and hazards that have in the past and could in the future result in personal injury or damage or destruction to property, which could result in losses or liabilities to the Company.

 Construction sites are potentially dangerous workplaces and often put our employees and others in close proximity with mechanized equipment and moving vehicles. Our equipment has been involved in workplace incidents and incidents involving mobile operators of our equipment in transit in the past and may also be involved in such incidents in the future.

 Our profitability and relationships with our customers is dependent on our safety record. If serious accidents or fatalities occur, regardless of whether we were at fault, or our safety record were to deteriorate, we may be ineligible to bid on certain work, be exposed to possible litigation, and existing service arrangements could be terminated, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. Adverse experiences with hazards and claims could have a negative effect on our reputation with our existing or potential new customers and our prospects for future work.

 In any concrete construction environment, our workers are subject to the usual hazards associated with providing construction and related services on construction sites, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, hurricanes, adverse weather conditions and flooding. Operating hazards have in the past and could in the future cause personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment, environmental damage, performance delays, monetary losses or legal liability.

 We have operations throughout the United States and the United Kingdom, which subjects us to multiple federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Moreover, we operate at times as a government contractor or subcontractor which subjects us to additional laws, regulations, and contract provisions. Changes in law, regulations, government contract provisions, or other legal requirements, or our material failure to comply with any of them, can increase our costs and have other negative impacts on our business.

 Each of our sites exposes us to a host of different local laws and regulations. These requirements address multiple aspects of our operations, such as worker safety, consumer rights, privacy, employee benefits, antitrust, emissions regulations and may also impact other areas of our business, such as pricing. In addition, government contracts and subcontracts are subject to a wide range of requirements not applicable in the purely commercial context, such as extensive auditing and disclosure requirements; anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and anti-gratuity rules; political campaign contribution and lobbying limitations; and small and/or disadvantaged business preferences. Even when a government contractor has reasonable policies and practices in place to address these risks and requirements, it is still possible for problems to arise. Moreover, government contracts or subcontracts are generally riskier than commercial contracts, because, when problems arise, the adverse consequences can be severe, including civil false claims (which can involve penalties and treble damages), suspension and debarment, and even criminal prosecution. Moreover, the requirements of laws, regulations, and government contract provisions are often different in different jurisdictions. Changes in these requirements, or any material failure by us to comply with them, can increase our costs, negatively affect our reputation, reduce our business, require significant management time and attention and generally otherwise impact our operations in adverse ways.

 We are subject to numerous environmental and safety regulations. If we are required to incur compliance or remediation costs that are not currently anticipated, our liquidity and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

 Our facilities and operations are subject to comprehensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and health and safety. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, occupational safety, employee relations, the discharge of substances into the air, water and land, the handling, storage, transport, use and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes and the cleanup of properties affected by pollutants. If we violate environmental or safety laws or regulations, we may be required to implement corrective actions and could be subject to civil or criminal fines or penalties or other sanctions. We cannot assure you that we will not have to make significant capital or operating expenditures in the future in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or that we will comply with applicable environmental laws at all times. Such violations or liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 Environmental laws also impose obligations and liability for the investigation and cleanup of properties affected by hazardous substance or fuel spills or releases. These liabilities are often joint and several and may be imposed on the parties generating or disposing of such substances or on the owner or operator of affected property, often without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous substances. We may also have liability for past contaminated properties historically owned or operated by companies that we have acquired or merged with, even though we never owned or operated such properties. Accordingly, we may become liable, either contractually or by operation of law, for investigation, remediation, monitoring and other costs even if the contaminated property is not presently owned or operated by us, or if the contamination was caused by third parties during or prior to our ownership or operation of the property. Contamination and exposure to hazardous substances can also result in claims for damages, including personal injury, property damage, and natural resources damage claims.

 Most of our properties currently have above or below ground storage tanks for fuel and other petroleum products and oil-water separators (or equivalent wastewater collection/treatment systems). Given the nature of our operations (which involve the use of diesel and other petroleum products, solvents and other hazardous substances) for fueling and maintaining our equipment and vehicles, and the historical operations at some of our properties, we may incur material costs associated with soil or groundwater contamination. Future events, such as changes in existing laws or policies or their enforcement, or the discovery of currently unknown contamination, may give rise to remediation liabilities or other claims or costs that may be material.

 The failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls could adversely affect our financial reporting, results of operations and share price and harm our business.

 Effective internal controls are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and to assist in effective compliance and the prevention of fraud. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud could adversely affect our results of operations and share price and harm our business.

 We must annually evaluate our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of SOX, which requires management and auditors to assess the effectiveness of our internal controls. Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, failure or interruption of technology systems, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. The failure to maintain effective internal controls, as regulatory or financial reporting standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, could subject us to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties or stockholder litigation.

 Failure to maintain effective internal controls could also result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition or results of operations. Inadequate internal controls could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on investor confidence in our financial statements, the trading price of our stock and our access to capital. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain a system of internal controls that fully complies with the requirements of SOX or that our management and independent registered public accounting firm will continue to conclude that our internal controls are effective.

 In addition, we are subject to risks related to our internal controls and compliance systems, which may not be able to protect us from acts committed by employees, agents, or business partners of ours (or of businesses we acquire or partner with) that would violate U.S. and/or non-U.S. laws, including the laws governing payments to government officials, bribery, fraud, kickbacks, and false claims, sales and marketing practices, conflicts of interest, competition, export and import compliance, money laundering, and data privacy. In particular, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Any such improper actions or allegations of such acts could damage our reputation and subject us to civil or criminal investigations in the United States and in other jurisdictions and related shareholder lawsuits, could lead to substantial civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties and could cause us to incur significant legal and investigatory fees.

 Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns have in the past and could in the future adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and U.K., and our domestic tax liabilities will be subject to the allocation of expenses in differing jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates have in the past and could in the future be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:

 expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;

 tax effects of stock-based compensation;

 costs related to intercompany restructurings;

 changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations thereof; and

 lower than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates

 In addition, we have in the past and could in the future be subject to audits of our income, sales and other transaction taxes by U.S. federal and state authorities or by U.K. authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 Changes in laws or, regulations or rules, or a failure to comply with any laws, regulations or rules, may adversely affect our business, investments and results of operations.

 We are subject to laws, regulations and rules enacted by national, regional and local governments and Nasdaq. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC, Nasdaq and other legal or regulatory requirements in the U.S. and U.K. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws, regulations and rules may be difficult, time consuming and costly.

 For example, there is concern from advocacy groups and the general public that the emissions of greenhouse gases and other human activities have caused, or will cause, significant changes in weather patterns and temperatures and the frequency and severity of natural disasters. These concerns have resulted in increasing governmental and societal attention to environmental, social, and governance matters, including expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure on topics such as climate change, waste production, water usage, human capital, labor, and risk oversight, and could expand the nature, scope, and complexity of matters on which we are required to control, assess, and report. These and other rapidly changing laws, regulations, policies and related interpretations, as well as increased enforcement actions by various governmental and regulatory agencies, may create challenges for us, including for our compliance and ethics programs, the environment in which we do business and by increasing our ongoing costs of compliance, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows.

 These laws, regulations or rules and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or rules, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 Employee Related Risks

 Our business depends on favorable relations with our employees. Any deterioration of these relations, including those with our union-represented employees, issues with our collective bargaining agreements, labor shortages or increases in labor costs could disrupt our ability to serve our customers, lead to higher labor costs or the payment of withdrawal liability in connection with multiemployer plans, adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 As of October 31, 2024, approximately 110 of our employees in the United States (but none of our employees in the United Kingdom) were represented by unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. The states in which our employees are represented by unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements are California, Washington and Oregon. There can be no assurance that our non-unionized employees will not become members of a union or become covered by a collective bargaining agreement, including through an acquisition of a business whose employees are subject to such an agreement. Any significant deterioration in employee relations, shortages of labor or increases in labor costs at any of our locations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. A slowdown or work stoppage that lasts for a significant period of time could cause lost revenues and increased costs and could adversely affect our ability to meet our customers' needs.

 Furthermore, our labor costs have in the past and could in the future increase as a result of the settlement of actual or threatened labor disputes. In addition, our collective bargaining agreement with our union in California was renewed as of July 1, 2022 and is effective through June 30, 2025. It will continue on a year-to-year basis after unless parties provide advance written notice to change, amend, modify, or terminate the Agreement. No such notices have been given or received. Our collective bargaining agreement with our union in Oregon expires in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. Our collective bargaining agreement with our union in Washington expires in 2037. We cannot assure you that renegotiation of these agreements will be successful or will not result in adverse economic terms or work stoppages or slowdowns.

 Under our collective bargaining agreements, we are, and have previously been, obligated to contribute to several multiemployer pension plans on behalf of our unionized employees. A multiemployer pension plan is a defined benefit pension plan that provides pension benefits to the union-represented workers of various generally unrelated companies. Under the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), an employer that has an obligation to contribute to an underfunded multiemployer plan, as well as any other entities that are treated as a single employer with such employer under applicable tax and ERISA rules, may become jointly and severally liable, generally upon complete or partial withdrawal from a multiemployer plan, for its proportionate share of the plan's unfunded benefit obligations. These liabilities are known as "withdrawal liabilities." Certain of the multiemployer plans to which we are obligated to contribute have been significantly underfunded in the past. If any of the multiemployer plans were to become significantly underfunded again, and go into an "endangered status," the trustees of the plan would be required to adopt and maintain a rehabilitation plan and we may be required to pay a surcharge on top of our regular contributions to the plan.

 We currently have no intention of withdrawing, in either a complete or partial withdrawal, from any of the multiemployer plans to which we currently contribute, and we have not been assessed any withdrawal liability in the past when we have ceased participating in certain multiemployer plans to which we previously contributed. In addition, we believe that the "construction industry" multiemployer plan exception may apply if we did withdraw from any of our current multiemployer plans. The "construction industry" exception generally delays the imposition of withdrawal liability in connection with an employer's withdrawal from a "construction industry" multiemployer plan unless and until (among other things) that employer continues or resumes covered operations in the relevant geographic market without continuing or resuming (as applicable) contributions to the multiemployer plan. If this exception applies, withdrawal liability may be delayed or even inapplicable if we cease participation in any multiemployer plan(s). However, there can be no assurance that we will not withdraw from one or more multiemployer plans in the future, that the "construction industry exception" would apply if we did withdraw, or that we will not incur withdrawal liability if we do withdraw. Accordingly, we may be required to pay material amounts of withdrawal liability if one or more of those plans is underfunded at the time of withdrawal and withdrawal liability applies in connection with our withdrawal. In addition, we may incur material liabilities if any multiemployer plan(s) in which we participate requires us to increase our contribution levels to alleviate existing underfunding and/or becomes insolvent, terminates or liquidates.

 Labor relations matters at construction sites where we provide services may result in increases in our operating costs, disruptions in our business and decreases in our earnings.

 Labor relations matters at construction sites where we provide services may result in work stoppages, which would in turn affect our ability to provide services at such locations. If any such work stoppages were to occur at work sites where we provide services, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. Also, labor relations matters affecting our suppliers could adversely impact our business from time to time.

 Turnover of members of our management, staff and pump operators and our ability to attract and retain key personnel may affect our ability to efficiently manage our business and execute our strategy.

 Our business depends on the quality of, and our ability to attract and retain, our senior management and staff, and competition in our industry and the business world for top management talent is generally significant. Although we believe we generally have competitive pay packages, we can provide no assurance that our efforts to attract and retain senior management staff will be successful. In addition, the loss of services of certain members of our senior management could adversely affect our business until suitable replacements can be found.

 We depend upon the quality of our staff personnel, including sales and customer service personnel (who routinely interact with and fulfill the needs of our customers), and on our ability to attract and retain and motivate skilled operators and fleet maintenance personnel and other associated personnel to operate our equipment in order to provide our concrete pumping services to our customers. There is significant competition for qualified personnel in a number of our markets where we face competition from the oil and gas industry for qualified drivers and operators. There is a limited number of persons with the requisite skills to serve in these positions, and such positions require a significant investment by us in initial and ongoing training of operators of our equipment. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to locate, employ, or retain such qualified personnel on terms acceptable to us or at all. Our costs of operations and selling, general and administrative expenses have increased in certain markets and may increase in the future if we are required to increase wages and salaries to attract qualified personnel, and there is no assurance that we can increase our prices to offset any such cost increases. There is also no assurance that we can effectively limit staff turnover as competitors or other employers seek to hire our personnel. A significant increase in such turnover could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 Risks Related to our Indebtedness

 Our financing agreements could limit our financial and operating flexibility.

 Our credit facilities impose, and any future financing agreements could impose, operating and financial restrictions on our activities, including restricting our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other payments, make loans and investments, sell assets, incur certain liens, enter into transactions with affiliates and consolidate, merge or sell assets. These covenants could limit the ability of the respective restricted entities to fund future working capital and capital expenditures, engage in future acquisitions or development activities, or otherwise realize the value of their assets and opportunities fully because of the need to dedicate a portion of cash flow from operations to payments on debt. In addition, such covenants limit the flexibility of the respective restricted entities in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the industries in which they operate.

 We have a significant amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business and to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness.

 As of October 31, 2024, we had $375.0 million of indebtedness outstanding, consisting of (1) $375.0 million for our fixed 6.000% senior secured second lien notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") and (2) approximately $20,000 outstanding under our ABL credit agreement (the "ABL Facility"), in addition to $335.0 million of availability under our ABL Facility. Through June 29, 2022, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bore interest at either (1) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin of 2.25% or (2) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 1.25%. After June 29, 2022 and through May 31, 2023, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bore interest at (1) the secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.00% or (2) a base rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 1.00%. After May 31, 2023 and through September 6, 2024, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bore interest at (1) the SOFR rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.25% or (2) a base rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 1.25%. After September 6, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bear interest at, (1) the SOFR rate (subject to a 0.00% floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50% per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, after which point the margin will stepdown to 2.25% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3% of the Maximum Revolver Amount, and will further stepdown to 2.00% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.7% of the Maximum Revolver Amount 2024, or (2) as related to all other loans, the base rate (subject to a 0.00% floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50% per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, which will stepdown to 1.25% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3% of the Maximum Revolver Amount and will further stepdown to 1.00% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.6% of the Maximum Revolver Amount. Through May 31, 2023, borrowings in GBP bore interest at the sterling overnight indexed average ("SONIA") rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.0326%. After May 31, 2023 and through September 6, 2024, borrowings in GBP bore interest at the SONIA rate plus an applicable margin equal to 2.2826%. After September 6, 2024, borrowings in GBP bear interest at the SONIA rate (subject to a 0.00% floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 2.53% per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, after which point there will be a stepdown to 2.28% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3% of the Maximum Revolver Amount and will further stepdown to 2.03% per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.7% of the Maximum Revolver Amount. The ABL Facility matures the earlier of (a) September 6, 2029 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable.

 Our substantial level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may not generate enough cash flow from operations to pay, when due, the principal of, interest on or other amounts due in respect of, these obligations. Other risks relating to our long-term indebtedness include:

 increased vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

 we have recently experienced higher interest expense on our ABL Facility due to interest rate increases and we could experience higher interest expense on our ABL Facility if interest rates increase any further and our hedging strategies do not effectively mitigate the effects of these increases;

 need to divert a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments and other general corporate purposes;

 limited ability to obtain additional financing, on terms we find acceptable, if needed, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other investments, which may adversely affect our ability to implement our business strategy;

 limited flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our businesses and the markets in which we operate or to take advantage of market opportunities; and

 a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt.

 In addition, it is possible that we may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future in the ordinary course of business. The terms of our Senior Notes and ABL Facility allow us to incur additional debt subject to certain limitations. If new debt is added to current debt levels, the risks described above could intensify. In addition, our inability to maintain certain leverage ratios could result in acceleration of a portion of our debt obligations and could cause us to be in default if we are unable to repay the accelerated obligations.

 Our business could suffer if we are unable to obtain capital as required, resulting in a decrease in our revenue and cash flows.

 We require capital for, among other purposes, purchasing equipment to replace existing equipment that has reached the end of its useful life and for growth resulting from expansion into new markets, completing acquisitions and refinancing existing debt. If the cash that we generate from our business, together with cash that we may borrow under our credit facilities, is not sufficient to fund our capital requirements, we will require additional debt or equity financing. If such additional financing is not available to fund our capital requirements, we could suffer a decrease in our revenue and cash flows that would have a material adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, our ability to incur additional debt is and will be contingent upon, among other things, the covenants contained in our credit facilities. In addition, our credit facilities place restrictions on our and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends and make other restricted payments (subject to certain exceptions). We cannot be certain that any additional financing that we require will be available or, if available, will be available on terms that are satisfactory to us. If we are unable to obtain sufficient additional capital in the future, our business could be materially adversely affected.

 We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under applicable debt instruments, which may not be successful.

 Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our indebtedness obligations, including our credit facilities, depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

 If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness.

 Risks Related to our Securities

 There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with Nasdaq's continued listing standards.

 We are subject to the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq. If we became unable to meet such requirements, we and our shareholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:

 the delisting of our shares from Nasdaq and a limited availability of market quotations for our shares;

 a determination that our common stock is a "penny stock" which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock; and

 a decreased ability to issue additional shares or obtain additional financing in the future.

 Shares of our common stock have been thinly traded in the past.

 Although a trading market for our common stock exists, the trading volume has not been significant and there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our common stock will be sustained in the future. As a result of the thin trading market or "float" for our stock, the market price for our common stock may fluctuate significantly more than the stock market as a whole. Without a large float, our common stock is less liquid than the stock of companies with broader public ownership and, as a result, the trading prices of our common stock may be more volatile. In the absence of an active public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate his or her investment in our common stock. Trading of a relatively small volume of our common stock may have a greater impact on the trading price for our stock than would be the case if our public float were larger. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade in the future.

 In addition, the price of our securities can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. Additionally, if our shares of common stock become delisted from Nasdaq for any reason, and are quoted on the OTC Markets, the liquidity and price of our shares may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your shares unless a market can be established or sustained.

 If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our industry, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, then the price and trading volume of our common stock could decline.

 The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business, our industry, or our competitors. When any analysts who cover the Company change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our peers, the price of our common stock can decline. If any analyst who covers the Company were to cease coverage of the Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

 Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our existing stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our common stock to decline.

 The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

 As of October 31, 2024, CFLL Holdings, LLC owns 15,477,138 shares, or 29% of outstanding shares of common stock and BBCP Investors, LLC owns 11,005,275 shares, or 21% of our outstanding shares of our common stock. These shares are registered for resale and are not subject to any contractual restrictions on transfer. The sale of some or all of these shares by these investors could put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock, and the ownership of significant shareholders has in the past contributed to our low trading volumes, as further described under the risk factor above titled "Shares of our common stock have been thinly traded in the past.".

 In addition, shares of our common stock granted or reserved for future issuance under our Omnibus Incentive Plan become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions in various vesting agreements and Rule 144, as applicable. Following amendments to our 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan on October 29, 2020 and April 25, 2023, a total of 6.3 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under our 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, of which 2.9 million shares of common stock remain available for future issuance as of October 31, 2024.

 Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to seasonality, adverse weather and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

 Our quarterly operating results have in the past and may in the future fluctuate significantly because of a number of factors, including:

 labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel;

 demand for our services;

 profitability of our products, especially in new markets and due to seasonal fluctuations;

 seasonal weather patterns in the construction industry on which we rely, with activity tending to be lowest in the winter and spring;

 changes in interest rates;

 impairment of long-lived assets;

 macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally;

 negative publicity relating to products we serve;

 adverse rulings or settlements in legal or administrative proceedings;

 changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions;

 expansion into new markets; and

 fluctuations in commodity prices.

 We are a holding company with no business operations of our own and we depend on cash flow from our wholly owned subsidiaries to meet our obligations.

 We are a holding company with no business operations of our own or material assets other than the stock of our subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All of our operations are conducted by our subsidiaries and as a holding company, we require dividends and other payments from our subsidiaries to meet cash requirements. The terms of any credit facility may restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring cash or other assets to us. If there is an insolvency, liquidation or other reorganization of any of our subsidiaries, our stockholders likely will have no right to proceed against their assets. Creditors of those subsidiaries will be entitled to payment in full from the sale or other disposal of the assets of those subsidiaries before we, as an equity holder, would be entitled to receive any distribution from that sale or disposal. If our subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends or make other payments to us when needed, we will be unable to satisfy our obligations.

 Anti-takeover provisions contained in the Company's Charter and Bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

 The Charter of the Company contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the removal of directors or management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. These provisions include:

 a staggered board of directors providing for three classes of directors, which limits the ability of a stockholder or group to gain control of our Board;

 no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

 the right of our Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director in certain circumstances, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board;

 a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

 a prohibition on stockholders calling a special meeting and the requirement that a meeting of stockholders may only be called by members of our Board, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and

 advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a meeting of stockholders, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's director nominees to the Board or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

 The Charter of the Company designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

 The Charter provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company, our directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Charter or the Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company, our directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (i) through (iv) above, any claim (A) as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or (C) arising under the Securities Act or for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction including, without limitation, any claim arising under the Exchange Act, as to which the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum.

 Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of the Charter described in the preceding paragraph. However, stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable to it for disputes with us and/or with our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and such persons. Alternatively, a court may determine that the choice of forum provision is unenforceable. If a court were to find these provisions of the Charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 None.

 Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

 Risk management and strategy

 We rely on our technology network infrastructure and information systems to operate our business, interact with vendors and customers, and collect and make payments, among other functions. Our internally developed infrastructure and systems, as well as those systems and processes provided by third-party vendors, may be susceptible to damage or interruption from cybersecurity threats and incidents, which include any unauthorized access to our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity or availability of such systems or related information.

 Such attacks have become more sophisticated over time, especially as threat actors have become increasingly well-funded by or themselves include governmental actors with significant means. We expect that the sophistication of cyber-threats will continue to evolve as threat actors increase their use of AI and machine-learning technologies. The Company experiences cyber threats in the normal course of its business, and computer viruses, hackers, employee misconduct and other external hazards could expose our information systems to security breaches, cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors, for additional details on cybersecurity risks that could potentially materially affect the Company.

 We manage our risks from cybersecurity threats through our overall enterprise risk management process, which is overseen by the Board. Our cybersecurity risks are considered individually as part of our enterprise risk management process alongside other risks, and priorities and discussed with our Board. The Company seeks to prioritize the management of cybersecurity risk and the protection of confidential information and systems, and the Company's program and processes are based on industry standards as guided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") framework. Under the supervision of the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") and our Director of IT, we regularly work to identify all computing assets including hardware, software, and network infrastructure in order to conduct a risk assessment. We consider threats that may originate from both internal and external sources and maintain technical security controls internally. To identify risks, we complete vulnerability assessments on a recurring basis to help proactively identify potential weaknesses. We additionally engage a third-party vendor to conduct external and internal penetration testing on a periodic basis in order to assist in identifying additional vulnerabilities in our environment. We also perform business continuity planning and disaster recovery exercises throughout the organization annually by our in-house team.

 In connection with our overall cybersecurity risk management processes, we receive recurring threat intelligence from our partners that help us recognize the updated tactics, techniques, and procedures being utilized by threat actors. Employees at the Company receive mandatory recurring cybersecurity training and phishing exercises to reduce the likelihood of success by threat actors. We also engage a third-party service provider to provide monitoring and detection of our cybersecurity environment, which allows us to timely respond to cybersecurity events with the goal of reducing its potential impact. The Company performs an IT security assessment of critical third-party vendors prior to establishing a formal relationship and has additional processes in place to continue to oversee and identify risks associated with the use of our third-party service providers once a formal relationship is established. We additionally have a cybersecurity incident response plan ("CIRP") that outlines the appropriate procedures, communication flow and response for potential cybersecurity incidents as well as categorizations of scope, incident and impact of such incidents.

 Governance

 The Company's Director of IT reports to our CFO and leads the Information Technology team (collectively "the IT Security Team"). The IT Security Team is responsible for the strategic oversight of cybersecurity risk management and strategy including the identification and assessment of cybersecurity threats and incidents. Periodically, they are also responsible, alongside the CFO and senior management, to keep the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors informed and briefed with respect to cybersecurity risks and incidents. Our Director of IT has extensive experience of over 15 years in various IT roles across a range of cyber technologies, processes and strategies and is supported by the IT Security Team and the wider IT team, including the IT Security Manager, to support the Company's cyber risk management processes, including the prevention, detection and mitigation of cybersecurity threats and incidents, and any required response to and remediation of such cybersecurity threats or incidents.

 The Audit Committee is responsible for providing governance and oversight over the Company's operational cybersecurity program, risk management and incident response on behalf of the Board. The CFO reports the results of risk assessments, including the evaluation of cybersecurity risks, the actions that the Company has taken to mitigate these risks and an analysis of cybersecurity threats and incidents across the industry to the Audit Committee. This includes assessing the measures and controls in place to mitigate cybersecurity risks and providing oversight of the response of any significant cybersecurity threats and incidents.

 Item 2. Properties

 Our corporate office is located at 500 E. 84 th Avenue, Suite A-5, Thornton, CO 80229, where we lease approximately 13,415 square feet of office space in the building. We operate from a base of approximately 90 locations in 22 states in the U.S. and 35 locations in the U.K. as of October 31, 2024. We own 18 of our locations in the U.S and 1 location in the U.K. We lease all remaining U.S locations and all of our locations in the U.K. Certain facilities are shared between Brundage-Bone and Eco-Pan and certain locations operate without a formal lease. We believe that our properties are suitable for our current operating needs.

 Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 From time to time, we have been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any litigation that we believe to be material and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating result, financial condition or cash flows.

 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 Not applicable.

 Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Market Information

 Our common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbol "BBCP". As of January 6, 2025, there were 15 holders of record of shares of our common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of common stock are "street name" or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions. As a result, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by the record holders of our common stock.

 Dividend Policy

 The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock to date. It is the present intention of the Company to retain any earnings for investment in its business operations or share repurchase activity (see below) and, accordingly, the Company does not currently anticipate the Board declaring any dividends.

 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 During the fourth quarter of 2024, we repurchased an aggregate of 422,796 shares of our common stock under our publicly announced share repurchase program for a total of $2.5 million at an average price of $5.89 per share. The following table reflects issuer purchases of equity securities for the three months ended October 31, 2024:

 ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 Period

 Total Number of Shares Purchased

 Average Price
 Paid Per Share

 Total Number of Shares Purchased
 as Part of
 Publicly Announced Plans
 or Programs (1)

 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans
 or Programs (2,3)

 August 1, 2024 - August 31, 2024

 217,425

 $

 6.32

 138,938

 $

 18,584,131

 September 1, 2024 - September 30, 2024

 134,694

 5.73

 134,694

 17,811,675

 October 1, 2024 - October 31, 2024

 149,164

 5.71

 149,164

 16,959,726

 Total

 501,283

 $

 5.98

 422,796

 $

 16,959,726

 (1)

 In January 2023, the board of directors of the Company approved an authorization of $10.0 million for the Company's share repurchase program, which was announced January 23, 2023. This authorization expires on March 31, 2025. In March 2024, the board of directors of the Company approved a $15.0 million increase to the Company's share repurchase program, which was announced March 7, 2024. This authorization also expires on March 31, 2025.

 (2)

 Includes commission cost.

 (3)

 Dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the repurchase program is as of the end of the period.

 (4)

 Of the 501,283 shares included in this column, 422,796 were purchased under the purchase program and the remaining 78,487 shares reflect shares of common stock purchased into treasury stock in order to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations for the vesting of stock awards.

 (5)

 Of the $5.98 per share included in this column, 422,796 were purchased under the purchase program and the remaining 78,487 shares reflect shares of common stock purchased into treasury stock in order to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations for the vesting of stock awards.

 Item 6. [Reserved]

 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in Item 8 of this Annual Report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding the Company ' s expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company's expectations. The Company's actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified below and those described in " Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors Summary " and in Item 1A " Risk Factors " of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company assumes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

 Business Overview

 The Company is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Thornton, Colorado. The audited consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries including Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc. ("Brundage-Bone"), Camfaud Group Limited ("Camfaud"), and Eco-Pan, Inc. ("Eco-Pan").

 As part of the Company's business growth strategy and capital allocation policy, strategic acquisitions are considered opportunities to enhance our value proposition through differentiation and competitiveness. Depending on the deal size and characteristics of the M&A opportunities available, we expect to allocate capital for opportunistic M&A utilizing cash on the balance sheet and the revolving line of credit.

 All branches operating within our U.S Concrete Pumping segment are concrete pumping service providers in the United States ("U.S."). Their core business is the provision of concrete pumping services to general contractors and concrete finishing companies in the commercial, infrastructure and residential sectors. Equipment generally returns to a "home base" nightly and these branches do not contract to purchase, mix, or deliver concrete. This segment collectively has approximately 90 branch locations across 22 states with their corporate headquarters in Thornton, Colorado.

 Our U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services segment consists of our U.S. based Eco-Pan business. Eco-Pan provides industrial cleanup and containment services, primarily to customers in the construction industry. Eco-Pan uses containment pans specifically designed to hold waste products from concrete and other industrial cleanup operations. Eco-Pan has 20 operating locations across the U.S. with its corporate headquarters in Thornton, Colorado.

 Our U.K. Operations segment consists of our Camfaud, Premier and U.K. based Eco-Pan businesses. Camfaud is a concrete pumping service provider in the U.K and its core business is primarily the provision of concrete pumping services to general contractors and concrete finishing companies in the commercial, infrastructure and residential sectors. Equipment generally returns to a "home base" nightly and does not contract to purchase, mix, or deliver concrete. Camfaud has approximately 35 branch locations throughout the U.K., with its corporate headquarters in Epping (near London), England. In addition, we have concrete waste management operations under our Eco-Pan brand name in the U.K. and currently operate from a shared Camfaud location.

 Corporate ("Other")

 Our Corporate activities, referred to as "Other" in our financial statements, primarily relate to the change in fair value remeasurement of warrant liabilities leading up to their expiration.

 Expiration of Warrants

 On December 6, 2023, all of the Company's 13,017,677 warrants to acquire shares of its common stock expired in accordance with their terms, and there were no other warrants outstanding as of October 31, 2024.

 2024 Upsize of Asset-Based Lending Credit Agreement

 As of October 31, 2024, we had $335.0 million in availability under our ABL credit agreement (the "ABL Facility") and $375.0 million of indebtedness outstanding, consisting of (1) $375.0 million for our fixed 6.000% senior secured second lien notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") and (2) approximately $20,000 outstanding under our ABL Facility. In September, 2024, the Company amended and restated its existing ABL Facility to provide up to $350.0 million (previously $225.0 million) of commitments and extend the maturity of the ABL Facility to September 6, 2029. The September 6, 2024 amendments to the ABL Facility (1) increased the maximum revolver borrowings available to be drawn thereunder from $225.0 million to $350.0 million, (2) increased the letter of credit sublimit from $22.5 million to $32.5 million and (3) extended the maturity of the ABL Facility to the earlier of (a) September 6, 2029 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable.

 Results of Operations

 Management's discussion and analysis for our results of operations on a consolidated and segment basis include a quantification of factors that had a material impact. Other factors that did not have a material impact, but that are significant to understand the results, are qualitatively described. The tables included in the period-to-period comparisons below provide summaries of our revenues, gross profits and net income for our business segments for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

 Twelve Months Ended October 31, 2024 and 2023

 Revenue

 Change

 (in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

 2024

 2023

 $

 %

 Revenue

 $

 291,017

 $

 317,877

 $

 (26,860

)

 (8.4

)%

 63,955

 62,588

 1,367

 2.2

 %

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services - Third parties

 70,900

 61,776

 9,124

 14.8

 %

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services - Intersegment

 (211

)

 *

 Intersegment eliminations

 (418

)

 (629

)

 *

 Total revenue

 $

 $

 $

 (16,369

)

 (3.7

)%

 *Change is not meaningful

 Total revenue. Total revenues were $425.9 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, compared to $442.2 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Revenue by segment is further discussed below.

 U.S. Concrete Pumping. Revenue for our U.S. Concrete Pumping segment decreased by 8.4%, or $26.9 million, from $317.9 million in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 to $291.0 million for fiscal 2024. The change is attributable to (1) a general slowdown in commercial construction volume, mostly due to restrictive monetary policy in the U.S. and the associated impact from persistently higher interest rates, (2) increased commercial building vacancy rates coupled with an oversaturation of concrete pumps in certain markets, and (3) significant weather events across many of the Company's markets throughout the year ended October 31, 2024, which included but is not limited to the record-breaking cold temperatures and heavy rainfall in much of the contiguous U.S. during the first three quarters of 2024 and the devastating amounts of precipitation dropped by Hurricane Helene on the Company's southeastern markets.

 U.K. Operations. Revenue for our U.K. Operations segment increased by 2.2%, or $1.4 million, from $62.6 million in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 to $64.0 million for fiscal 2024. Excluding the impact from foreign currency translation, revenue was down 1% year-over-year. The decrease was primarily attributable to volume declines as a result of continued delays on project start dates that slightly offset pricing improvements.

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services. Revenue for the U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services segment increased by 14.8%, or $9.1 million, from $61.8 million in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 to $70.9 million for fiscal 2024. The increase in revenue was driven by robust organic volume growth and pricing improvements despite the U.S. weather headwinds discussed above.

 Gross Profit and Gross Margin

 Change

 (in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

 2024

 2023

 $

 %

 Gross Profit and Gross Margin

 Gross Profit

 $

 165,834

 $

 178,304

 $

 (12,470

)

 (7.0

)%

 Gross Margin

 38.9

 %

 40.3

 %

 Gross margin. Our gross margin for the year ended October 31, 2024 was 38.9% compared to 40.3% for the year ended October 31, 2023. The slight decrease in our gross margin was primarily related to decreased labor efficiencies caused by the reduced revenue in our U.S. Concrete Pumping segment and inflationary increases in commercial insurance premium costs. These amounts were partially offset by improved fuel expense and lower repair and maintenance costs.

 General and administrative expenses ("G&A"). G&A expenses for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024 were $116.5 million, a decrease of $0.4 million from $116.9 million in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. G&A expenses as a percentage of revenue were 27.4% for fiscal 2024 compared to 26.4% for the same period a year ago. The slight decrease in G&A expenses was due primarily to non-cash (1) decreases in amortization expense of $3.8 million and stock-based compensation expense of $1.5 million, (2) increases in currency gains of $0.6 million due to exchange rate movements and (3) a cash decrease of $0.7 million in other G&A expense amounts. These decreases were almost completely offset by (1) a non-recurring charge of $3.5 million in the first quarter of 2024 as a result of a recent adverse court ruling related to sales tax in Washington State, as further described in Note 15 in Part I, Item 1 of this report, and (2) higher labor and health insurance premiums of approximately $2.9 million as a result of wage inflation.

 For the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, excluding amortization of intangible assets of $15.1 million, depreciation expense of $2.3 million, stock-based compensation expense of $2.4 million and non-recurring charges of $4.1 million which include $3.5 million related to the Washington State sales tax court ruling, G&A expenses were $92.6 million (21.7% of revenue). For the twelve months ended October 31, 2023, excluding amortization of intangible assets of $18.9 million, depreciation expense of $2.4 million and stock-based compensation expense of $3.8 million, G&A expenses were $91.7 million (20.7% of revenue). The increase was primarily due to higher labor and health insurance costs as discussed above.

 Total other income (expense)

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income. Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income for the year ended October 31, 2024 was $25.6 million, down $2.5 million from $28.1 million for the year ended October 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to an approximately $46.1 million reduction in debt through repayment of our ABL revolver and cash accumulation during the twelve months ended October 31, 2024 as compared to the same period a year ago.

 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities. During the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company recognized a $0.1 million gain and a $6.9 million gain, respectively, on the fair value remeasurement of our liability-classified warrants. The decline in the fair value remeasurement of the public warrants is due to the Company's share price trading below the exercise price as the warrants were closer to expiring in December 2023. On December 6, 2023, all of the Company's 13,017,677 warrants expired. As such they were no longer recognized as a liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2024.

 Income tax expense. For the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 33.3% and 21.6%, respectively. The increase of the effective tax rate from fiscal years 2023 to 2024 was primarily driven by (1) higher excess tax deficiencies from share-based compensation exercise and vesting activity in the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, (2) the non-taxable unrealized gains on the warrants fair value increases in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023, (3) increases in the UK corporate income tax rate to 25% during fiscal 2024 and (4) the expiration of the capital allowances super deduction in the UK in fiscal 2024. The higher excess tax deficiencies from share-based compensation were primarily related to the cancellation of market-based awards that failed to meet their performance conditions in the financial year.

 Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA Results

 During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company moved certain assets and associated revenues and expenses, which were previously categorized in the Company's Other activities, into the U.S. Concrete Pumping segment in order to appropriately align its placement with the manner in which the Company allocates its resources and measures performance. As a result, segment results for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. For further discussion, see Note 21 in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information. In addition, in order to distribute the use of corporate resources and appropriately align measures with segment performance, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company is no longer adding back intercompany allocations to segment Adjusted EBITDA. Refer to Non-GAAP Measures below for details on adjustments. The Company recast segment results for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 are below:

 Other

 As Previously Reported

 $

 5,106

 $

 4,160

 $

 14,348

 $

 8,176

 3,317

 4,339

 41,870

 7,535

 8,401

 75,587

 15,272

 27,088

 9,400

 Other Adjustments

 (5,628

)

 3,254

 2,948

 -

 73,583

 18,486

 30,030

 2,501

 Recast Adjustment

 Net income (loss)

 $

 1,278

 $

 -

 $

 -

 $

 (1,278

)

 Income tax expense (benefit)

 -

 -

 (363

)

 -

 -

 (860

)

 2,501

 -

 -

 (2,501

)

 Other Adjustments

 6,044

 (3,096

)

 (2,948

)

 -

 8,545

 (3,096

)

 (2,948

)

 (2,501

)

 Current Report As Recast

 $

 6,384

 $

 4,160

 $

 14,348

 $

 6,898

 3,680

 4,339

 42,730

 7,535

 8,401

 -

 78,088

 15,272

 27,088

 6,899

 Other Adjustments

 -

 -

 82,128

 15,390

 27,082

 -

 Net Income

 Change

 (in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

 2024

 2023

 2024

 2023

 $

 %

 $

 (2,315

)

 $

 6,384

 $

 67,364

 $

 82,128

 $

 (14,764

)

 (18.0

)%

 4,154

 4,160

 16,762

 15,390

 1,372

 8.9

 %

 14,241

 14,348

 28,020

 27,082

 3.5

 %

 Other

 6,898

 -

 -

 -

 0.0

 %

 Total

 $

 $

 $

 112,146

 $

 124,600

 $

 (12,454

)

 (10.0

)%

 U.S. Concrete Pumping. Net loss for our U.S. Concrete Pumping segment was $2.3 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, versus net income of $6.4 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for our U.S. Concrete Pumping segment was $67.4 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, down 18.0% from $82.1 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to lower revenue volumes, decreased labor efficiencies driven by the reduced revenue, inflationary increases in commercial and health insurance, a non-recurring charge of $3.5 million in the first quarter of 2024 as a result of a recent adverse court ruling related to sales tax in Washington State, as further described in Note 15 in Part I, Item 1 of this report and increased depreciation expense. Apart from the non-recurring charge of $3.5 million discussed above and the increase in depreciation expense, the change in adjusted EBITDA was impacted by the same items.

 U.K. Operations. Net income for our U.K. Operations segment was $4.2 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, compared to net income of $4.2 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for our U.K. Operations segment was $16.8 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, up 8.9% from $15.4 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Excluding the impact from foreign currency translation, net income decreased slightly due to the decreased revenue discussed above and an increase in income tax expense which were partially offset by improvements in fuel and repair costs. Excluding the impact from foreign currency transaction, adjusted EBITDA increased slightly due to the items discussed above except for income tax expense, which is excluded from the adjusted EBITDA calculation.

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services. Net income for our U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services segment was $14.2 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, down slightly from net income of $14.3 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for our U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services segment was $28.0 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, up 3.5% from $27.1 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. The slight decrease in net income was primarily due to increased depreciation expense, almost entirely offset by the increased revenue as described above. Adjusted EBITDA increased due to the items discussed above except for depreciation expense, which is excluded from the adjusted EBITDA calculation.

 Other. Net income for Other activities was $0.1 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, compared to a net income of $6.9 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. The change in net income is related to the change in warrant liability, as discussed above.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources

 Overview

 Our capital structure is primarily a combination of (1) permanent financing, represented by stockholders' equity; (2) zero-dividend convertible perpetual preferred stock; (3) long-term financing represented by our Senior Notes and (4) short-term financing under our ABL Facility. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, available cash and cash equivalents and access to our revolving credit facility under our ABL Facility, which provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $350.0 million, subject to a borrowing base limitation. We use our liquidity and capital resources to: (1) finance working capital requirements; (2) service our indebtedness; (3) purchase property, plant and equipment; and (4) finance strategic acquisitions. As of October 31, 2024, we had $43.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $335.0 million of available borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility, providing total available liquidity of $378.0 million.

 We have paid down borrowings on the outstanding balance of our ABL Facility using cash on hand, during the twelve months ended October 31, 2024. Such repayments, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.

 We believe our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, cash flow from operations and borrowing capacity under our ABL Facility will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned and will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, potential acquisitions and overall economic conditions. To the extent that current and anticipated future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business activities and requirements, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity could result in dilution to our stockholders while the incurrence of additional debt could restrict our operations.

 Material Cash Requirements

 Our principal uses of cash historically have been to fund operating activities and working capital, purchases of property and equipment, strategic acquisitions, fund payments due under facility operating and finance leases, share repurchases and to meet debt service requirements.

 Our working capital surplus as of October 31, 2024 was $56.0 million. We are in compliance with our debt covenants and believe that we have sufficient working capital to meet our material cash requirements for the foreseeable future.

 The amount of our future capital expenditures will depend on a number of factors including general economic conditions and growth prospects. In response to changing economic conditions, we believe we have the flexibility to modify our capital expenditures by adjusting them (either up or down) to match our actual performance and business needs. Our gross capital expenditures for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 were approximately $43.8 million and $54.5 million, respectively. See "Cash Flow" discussion below for more information.

 To service our debt, we require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness will depend upon our future operating performance and the availability of borrowings under the ABL Facility and/or other debt and equity financing alternatives available to us, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and conditions in the global credit and capital markets, as well as financial, business and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Based on our current level of operations and given the current state of the capital markets, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under the ABL Facility will be adequate to service our debt and meet our future liquidity needs for the foreseeable future. See "Senior Notes and ABL Facility" discussion below for more information.

 Future Contractual Obligations

 Our contractual obligations and commercial commitments principally include obligations associated with our outstanding indebtedness, interest payments, lease agreements and capital expenditures. We have no off-balance sheet arrangements except for our committed capital as discussed below. Our estimated future obligations as of October 31, 2024 include both current and long term obligations. We have a long-term obligation of $375.0 million related to our Senior Notes due February 2026 (excluding discount for deferred financing costs). Under our operating leases, we have short-term obligations for payments of $6.5 million and long-term obligations for payments of $28.1 million. As of October 31, 2024, we have a current obligation for our ABL Facility of approximately $20,000. Additionally, the Company was contractually committed for $11.0 million of capital expenditures for purchases of property and equipment and these are expected to be paid in the next twelve months.

 Senior Notes and ABL Facility

 The table below is a summary of the composition of the Company's debt balances as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 Interest Rates

 Maturities

 2024

 2023

 ABL Facility - short term

 Varies

 September 2029

 $

 $

 18,954

 Senior notes - all long term

 6.000%

 February 2026

 Total debt, gross

 375,020

 393,954

 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs offsetting long term debt

 (1,740

)

 (3,132

)

 Less: Current portion

 (20

)

 (18,954

)

 Long term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs

 $

 373,260

 $

 371,868

 Amendment to ABL Facility

 On September 6, 2024, the ABL Facility was amended to, among other changes, (1) increase the maximum revolver borrowings available to be drawn thereunder from $225.0 million to $350.0 million, (2) increase the letter of credit sublimit from $22.5 million to $32.5 million and (3) extend the maturity of the ABL Facility to the earlier of (a) September 6, 2029 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable. The ABL Facility also provides for an uncommitted accordion feature under which the borrowers under the ABL Facility can, subject to specified conditions, increase the ABL Facility by up to an additional $25.0 million. Of the $125.0 million in incremental commitments, $75.0 million was provided by Bank of America, N.A. and $50.0 million was provided by PNC Bank, N.A. The amended ABL Facility was treated as a debt modification. The Company capitalized an additional $1.2 million of debt issuance costs related to the September 6, 2024, ABL Facility amendment. The preexisting unamortized deferred costs of $1.4 million and the additional costs of $1.2 million will be amortized from September 6, 2024 through September 6, 2029.

 The outstanding balance under the ABL Facility as of October 31, 2024 was approximately $20,000 and as of that date, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. In addition, as of October 31, 2024, the Company had $1.1 million in credit line reserves and a letter of credit balance of $13.9 million. As of October 31, 2024, we had $335.0 million of available borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility. Debt issuance costs related to revolving credit facilities are capitalized and reflected as an asset in deferred financing costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company had debt issuance costs related to the revolving credit facilities of $2.5 million as of October 31, 2024. See Note 10 in Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for more information on the Senior Notes and ABL Facility.

 Cash Flows

 Cash generated from operating activities typically reflects net income, as adjusted for non-cash expense items such as depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Generally, we believe our business requires a relatively low level of working capital investment due to low inventory requirements and timely customer payments due to daily billings for most of our services.

 Cash flow provided by operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities generally reflects the cash effects of transactions and other events used in the determination of net income or loss.

 Net cash provided by operating activities during the twelve months ended October 31, 2024 was $86.9 million. The Company had net income of $16.2 million, which included net non-cash expense items of $67.9 million. In addition, we had cash inflows related to a decrease in our working capital of $2.8 million. Cash inflows related to working capital activity include a decrease in receivables of $7.2 million, a decrease in other operating assets of $0.6 million and a decrease in inventory of $0.6 million. These were offset by a decrease of $4.0 million in other operating liabilities and a decrease in accounts payable of $1.7 million. The decrease in receivables is due to decreases in sales volumes during the twelve months ended October 31, 2024. The decrease in accounts payable is driven by a slow down in business activity as discussed above and the general timing of invoices.

 Net cash provided by operating activities during the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 was $96.9 million. The Company had net income of $31.8 million, which included non-cash expense items of $66.3 million. In addition, we had cash net outflows related to an increase in our working capital of $1.2 million. Working capital changes primarily include a decrease in accrued payroll, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $3.5 million, an increase in inventory of $1.1 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $0.5 million, mostly offset by an increase in net income taxes payable of $2.2 million and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.3 million. The decrease in accrued payroll, accrued expenses and other liabilities is primarily related to payments for operating lease liabilities of $5.3 million, mostly offset by an increase to accrued payroll related to the timing of payroll payments. The increase in net income taxes payable is primarily related to the timing of payments remitted.

 Cash flow provided by (used in) investing activities. Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities generally reflects the cash outflows for property, plant and equipment.

 We used $32.1 million to fund investing activities during the twelve months ended October 31, 2024. The Company used $43.8 million for the purchase of property, plant and equipment. These amounts were partially offset by $11.7 million in proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.

 We used $44.2 million to fund investing activities during the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. The Company used $54.5 million for the purchase of property, plant and equipment and $0.8 million for the purchase of intangible assets. These amounts were partially offset by $11.1 million in proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.

 Cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities generally reflects the cash changes related to our Senior Notes and ABL Facility.

 Net cash used in financing activities was $28.8 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024. Cash used in financing activities included $18.9 million in net payments under the Company's ABL Facility and $10.2 million in purchase of treasury stock, which included $6.5 million purchased under the share repurchase program and $3.7 million in outflows from the purchase of shares into treasury stock in order to fund the employee tax obligations for certain stock award vesting and stock option exercise activities.

 Net cash used in financing activities was $44.3 million for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023. Cash used in financing activities included $33.2 million in net payments under the Company's ABL Facility and $10.5 million in purchase of treasury stock, which included $8.9 million purchased under the share repurchase program and $1.6 million in outflows from the purchase of shares into treasury stock in order to fund the employee tax obligations for certain vested stock awards.

 Accounting and Other Reporting Matters

 Non-GAAP Financial Measures (EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA)

 We calculate EBITDA by taking GAAP net income and adding back interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by taking EBITDA and adding back loss on debt extinguishment, stock-based compensation, changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities, other income, net, goodwill and intangibles impairment and other adjustments. Other adjustments include non-recurring expenses, non-cash currency gains/losses, transaction expenses and other items not necessarily indicative of our underlying operating performance. Transaction expenses represent expenses for legal, accounting, and other professionals that were engaged in the completion of acquisitions. Transaction expenses can be volatile as they are primarily driven by the size of a specific acquisition. As such, we exclude these amounts from Adjusted EBITDA for comparability across periods.

 During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company moved certain assets and associated revenues and expenses that were previously categorized in the Company's Other activities, into the U.S. Concrete Pumping segment in order to appropriately align its placement with the manner in which the Company allocates its resources and measures performance. As a result, segment results for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. For further discussion, see Note 21 in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information. In addition, in order to distribute the use of corporate resources and appropriately align measures with segment performance, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company is no longer adding back intercompany allocations to segment Adjusted EBITDA. As a result, segment results for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to our current period presentation. See the section " Adjusted EBITDA and Net Income/(Loss) " above for more information.

 We believe these non-GAAP measures of financial results provide useful supplemental information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends related to our financial condition and results of operations, and as a supplemental tool for investors to use in evaluating our ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial measures with competitors who also present similar non-GAAP financial measures. In addition, these measures (1) are used in quarterly and annual financial reports and presentations prepared for management, our board of directors and investors, and (2) help management to determine incentive compensation. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated under GAAP. These non-GAAP measures exclude certain cash expenses that we are obligated to make. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently or may not calculate it at all, which limits the usefulness of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as comparative measures.

 2024

 2023

 Consolidated

 $

 $

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 25,572

 28,119

 8,104

 8,772

 57,110

 58,666

 106,993

 127,347

 Stock-based compensation

 2,394

 3,847

 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 (130

)

 (6,899

)

 Other expense (income), net

 (406

)

 (330

)

 Other adjustments (1)

 3,295

 $

 112,146

 $

 124,600

 Net income (loss)

 $

 (2,315

)

 $

 6,384

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 22,823

 25,294

 Income tax expense (benefit)

 1,758

 3,680

 40,092

 42,730

 62,358

 78,088

 Stock-based compensation

 2,394

 3,847

 Other expense (income), net

 (300

)

 (284

)

 Other adjustments (1)

 2,912

 $

 67,364

 $

 82,128

 $

 4,154

 $

 4,160

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 2,749

 2,825

 1,893

 7,669

 7,535

 16,465

 15,272

 Other expense (income), net

 (86

)

 (40

)

 Other adjustments

 $

 16,762

 $

 15,390

 $

 14,241

 $

 14,348

 4,450

 4,339

 9,349

 8,401

 28,040

 27,088

 Other expense (income), net

 (20

)

 (6

)

 $

 28,020

 $

 27,082

 Other

 $

 $

 6,898

 6,899

 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 (130

)

 (6,899

)

 $

 -

 $

 -

 1 Other adjustments include the adjustment for non-recurring expenses, non-cash currency gains/losses, and transaction expenses. For the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, other adjustments include a $3.5 million non-recurring charge related to sales tax litigation amongst other adjustments. See Note 15 in Part II, Item 8 of this report for more information.

 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 For more information regarding the Company's significant accounting policies, as well as recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 and Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements within Item 8 of this Annual Report.

 In presenting our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Several of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. However, events that are outside of our control cannot be predicted and, as such, they cannot be contemplated in evaluating such estimates and assumptions. Significant unfavorable changes to current conditions, have and could result in a material impact to our consolidated and combined results of operations, financial position and liquidity. We believe that the estimates and assumptions we used when preparing our financial statements were the most appropriate at that time. Presented below are those accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results. However, the majority of our business activities are in environments where we are paid a fee for a service performed, and therefore the results of the majority of our recurring operations are recorded in our financial statements using accounting policies that are not particularly subjective, nor complex.

 Listed below are those estimates that we believe are critical and require the use of complex judgment in their application.

 Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), the Company evaluates goodwill for possible impairment annually, generally as of August 31st, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company uses a two-step process to assess the realizability of goodwill. The first step (generally referred to as a "step 0" analysis) is a qualitative assessment that analyzes current economic indicators associated with a particular reporting unit. For example, the Company analyzes changes in economic, market and industry conditions, business strategy, cost factors, and financial performance, among others, to determine if there are indicators of a significant decline in the fair value of a particular reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment indicates a stable or improved fair value, no further testing is required. If a qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company will proceed to the quantitative second step (generally referred to as a "step 1" analysis) where the fair value of a reporting unit is calculated based on weighted income and market-based approaches. If the fair value of a reporting unit is lower than its carrying value, an impairment to goodwill is recorded, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill in the reporting unit.

 Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating fair value of individual reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry and economic conditions. These assumptions and estimates include projected revenue, cash flow margins, capital expenditures, trade name royalty rates, discount rate, tax amortization benefit and other market factors outside of our control. The Company evaluates for triggering events quarterly throughout the fiscal year.

 When we perform any goodwill impairment test, the estimated fair value of our reporting units are determined using an income approach that utilizes a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model and a market approach that utilizes the guideline public company method ("GPC"), both of which are weighted for each reporting unit and are discussed below in further detail. In accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"), we evaluated the methods for reasonableness and reliability and assigned weightings accordingly. A mathematical weighting is not prescribed by ASC 820, rather it requires judgement. As such, each of the valuation methods were weighted by accounting for the relative merits of each method and considered, among other things, the reliability of the valuation methods and the inputs used in the methods. In addition, in order to assess the reasonableness of the fair value of our reporting units as calculated under both approaches, we also compare the Company's total fair value to its market capitalization and calculate an implied control premium (the excess sum of the reporting unit's fair value over its market capitalization). We evaluate the implied control premium by comparing it to control premiums of recent comparable market transactions, as applicable.

 Under the income approach, the DCF model is based on expected future after-tax operating cash flows of the reporting unit, discounted to a present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Estimates of future cash flows require management to make significant assumptions concerning (i) future operating performance, including future sales, long-term growth rates, operating margins, variations in the amount and timing of cash flows and the probability of achieving the estimated cash flows, (ii) the probability of regulatory approvals, and (iii) future economic conditions, all of which may differ from actual future cash flows. These assumptions are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The discount rate, which is intended to reflect the risks inherent in future cash flow projections, used in the DCF model, is based on estimates of the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") of market participants relative to our reporting unit. Financial and credit market volatility can directly impact certain inputs and assumptions used to develop the WACC. Any changes in these assumptions may affect our fair value estimate and the result of an impairment test. The discount rates and other inputs and assumptions are consistent with those that a market participant would use.

 The GPC method provides an estimate of value using multiples derived from the stock prices of publicly traded companies. This method requires a selection of comparable publicly-traded companies on major exchanges and involves a certain degree of judgment, as no two companies are entirely alike. These companies should be engaged in the same or a similar line of business as the reporting units being evaluated. Once comparable companies are selected, the application of the GPC method includes (i) analysis of the guideline public companies' financial and operating performance, growth, intangible asset's value, size, leverage, and risk relative to the respective reporting unit, (ii) calculation of valuation multiples for the selected guideline companies, and (iii) application of the valuation multiples to each reporting unit's selected operating metrics to arrive at an indication of value. Market multiples for the selected guideline public companies are developed by dividing the business enterprise value of each guideline public company by a measure of its financial performance (e.g., earnings). The business enterprise value is calculated taking the market value of equity (share price times fully-diluted shares outstanding) plus total interest bearing debt net of cash, preferred stock and minority interest. The market value of equity is based upon the stock price of equity as of the valuation date, and the debt figures are taken from the most recently available financial statements as of the valuation date. In selecting appropriate multiples to apply to each reporting unit, we perform a comparative analysis between the reporting units and the guideline public companies. In making a selection, we consider the revenue growth, profitability and the size of the reporting unit compared to the guideline public companies, and the overall EBITDA multiples implied from the transaction price. In addition, we consider a control premium for purposes of estimating the fair value of our reporting units as we believe that a market participant buyer would be required to pay a premium for control of our business. The control premium utilized is based on control premiums observed in recent comparable market transactions.

 For long lived intangible assets not subject to amortization, we test for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. In testing long-lived intangible assets for impairment, we compare the fair value with the carrying value. The determination of fair value is based on the relief from royalty method, which models the cash flows from the intangibles assuming royalties were received under a licensing agreement. This discounted cash flow analysis uses inputs such as forecasted future revenues attributable to the reporting unit, assumed royalty rates and a discount rate. If we were to experience a decrease in forecasted future revenues attributable to the brands, this could indicate a potential impairment. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, the long-lived intangible asset is considered impaired, and an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the intangible asset.

 The Company's annual impairment analysis is performed each year on August 31. The Company determined that it is more likely than not that the goodwill and long-lived intangible assets were not impaired during fiscal 2024 and 2023. If the planned business performance expectations are not met or if specific valuation factors out of our control, such as the discount rate, change significantly, then the estimated FVs of the reporting unit might decline and lead to a goodwill impairment in the future.

 The Company elected to have a step one impairment analysis performed as of August 31, 2022 on the Company's U.S. Concrete Pumping, U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services, and U.K. Operations reporting units. Management's projections used to estimate the discounted cash flows included modest annual increases to revenue volumes and rates, cash flow margins that are consistent with recently achieved actual amounts, terminal growth rates of 3.0% and discount rates ranging from 10.0% to 11.3%.

 As a result of the goodwill impairment analysis, the fair values of its U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services and U.K. Operations reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values by 82% and 32%, respectively.

 For the U.S. Concrete Pumping reporting unit, which had goodwill of $147.5 million, the fair value was approximately 7% greater than its carrying value. Changes in any of the significant assumptions used could materially affect the expected cash flows and such impacts could result in a potentially material non-cash impairment charge. The most sensitive assumption is the discount rate and a 50 basis point increase in the discount rate would not have resulted in any of the reporting units' carrying values exceeding their fair values.

 Business combinations and asset acquisitions

 The Company applies the principles provided in ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), to determine whether a transaction involves an asset or a business.

 If it is determined an acquisition is a business combination, tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized to the extent the fair value of the consideration transferred exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. Transaction costs for business combinations are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 805.

 If it is determined an acquisition is an asset acquisition, the purchase consideration (which will include certain transaction costs) is allocated first to indefinite lived intangible assets (if applicable) based on their fair values with the remaining balance of purchase consideration being allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values.

 The application of acquisition accounting requires the Company to make fair value determinations as of the valuation date. In making these determinations, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the recorded amounts, including, but not limited to, expected future cash flows, market comparable and discount rates, replacement costs of property and equipment and the amounts to be recovered in future periods from acquired deferred tax assets. To assist the Company in making these fair value determinations, the Company may engage third-party valuation specialists or internal specialists who generally assist the Company in the fair value determination of identifiable assets such as customer relationships, property and equipment and any other significant asset or liabilities. The Company's estimates in this area impact, among other items, the amount of depreciation and amortization and income tax expense or benefit that we report. The Company's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain.

 Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 For a detailed description of recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements refer to Note 3 to the Company's audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act; therefore, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Page

 Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc.

 Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of October 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of changes in stockholders' equity and of cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

 In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

 Basis for Opinions

 The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Critical Audit Matters

 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Revenue Recognition for Concrete Pumping Services

 As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the majority of the Company's revenue from concrete pumping services comes from daily services, where the Company sends a single operator with a conventional concrete pump truck to deliver concrete from one point to another as directed by the customer. Customers are billed on either (1) a solely time basis or (2) a time and volume pumped basis. The Company's revenue was $425.9 million for the year ended October 31, 2024, of which a majority relates to concrete pumping services.

 The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition for concrete pumping services is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company's revenue recognition for concrete pumping services.

 Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process for concrete pumping services, including controls over the initiation, billing and recording of revenue. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing a sample of revenue transactions by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as customer acceptances, invoices, and subsequent payment receipts and (ii) testing a sample of outstanding customer invoice balances as of year-end by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as customer acceptances, invoices, and subsequent payment receipts.

 /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 Denver, Colorado

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 2024

 2023

 Current assets:

 Cash and cash equivalents

 $
 43,041

 $
 15,861

 Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 916 and $ 978, respectively

 56,441

 62,976

 Inventory

 5,922

 6,732

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 6,956

 8,701

 Total current assets

 112,360

 94,270

 415,726

 427,648

 Intangible assets, net

 105,612

 120,244

 Goodwill

 222,996

 221,517

 Right-of-use operating lease assets

 26,179

 24,815

 Other non-current assets

 12,578

 14,250

 Deferred financing costs

 2,539

 1,781

 Total assets

 $
 897,990

 $
 904,525

 Current liabilities:

 Revolving loan

 $

 $
 18,954

 Operating lease obligations, current portion

 4,817

 4,739

 Finance lease obligations, current portion

 -

 Accounts payable

 7,668

 8,906

 Accrued payroll and payroll expenses

 14,303

 14,524

 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

 28,673

 34,750

 Income taxes payable

 1,848

 Warrant liability, current portion

 -

 Total current liabilities

 56,331

 83,976

 Long term debt, net of discount for deferred financing costs

 373,260

 371,868

 Operating lease obligations, non-current

 21,716

 20,458

 Finance lease obligations, non-current

 -

 Deferred income taxes

 86,647

 80,791

 Other liabilities, non-current

 13,321

 14,142

 Total liabilities

 551,275

 571,285

 Commitments and contingencies ( Note 15)

 Zero-dividend convertible perpetual preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value, 2,450,980 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023

 25,000

 25,000

 Stockholders' equity

 Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 53,273,644 and 54,757,445 issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively

 Additional paid-in capital

 386,313

 383,286

 Treasury stock

 ( 25,881
)

 ( 15,114
)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 ( 483
)

 ( 5,491
)

 Accumulated deficit

 ( 38,240
)

 ( 54,447
)

 Total stockholders' equity

 321,715

 308,240

 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

 $
 897,990

 $
 904,525

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 2024

 2023

 Revenue

 $

 $

 Cost of operations

 260,038

 263,937

 Gross profit

 165,834

 178,304

 116,487

 116,852

 Income from operations

 49,347

 61,452

 Other income (expense):

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs

 ( 25,880
)

 ( 28,131
)

 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 6,899

 Interest income

 Other income, net

 Total other expense

 ( 25,036
)

 ( 20,890
)

 Income before income taxes

 24,311

 40,562

 8,104

 8,772

 Less accretion of liquidation preference on preferred stock

 ( 1,750
)

 ( 1,750
)

 Income available to common shareholders

 $
 14,457

 $
 30,040

 Weighted average common shares outstanding

 Basic

 53,543

 53,276

 Diluted

 54,238

 54,174

 Net income per common share

 Basic

 $
 0.27

 $
 0.54

 Diluted

 $
 0.26

 $
 0.54

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 2024

 2023

 $

 $

 Other comprehensive income:

 Foreign currency translation adjustment

 5,008

 3,737

 Total comprehensive income

 $
 21,215

 $
 35,527

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

 Common Stock

 Additional
 Paid-In Capital

 Treasury Stock

 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 Accumulated Deficit

 Total

 (in thousands, except share amounts)

 Shares

 Amount

 Balance, October 31, 2022

 56,226,191

 $

 $
 379,395

 $
 ( 4,609
)
 $
 ( 9,228
)
 $
 ( 86,237
)
 $
 279,327

 Stock-based compensation expense

 -

 -

 3,847

 -

 -

 -

 3,847

 Forfeiture/cancellation of restricted stock

 (35,947
)

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Shares issued under stock-based program

 128,781

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Treasury shares purchased from shares issued under stock-based program

 (228,542
)

 -

 -

 ( 1,625
)

 -

 -

 ( 1,625
)

 Treasury shares purchased under share repurchase program

 (1,333,038
)

 -

 -

 ( 8,880
)

 -

 -

 ( 8,880
)

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Foreign currency translation adjustment

 -

 -

 -

 -

 3,737

 -

 3,737

 Balance, October 31, 2023

 54,757,445

 $

 $
 383,286

 $
 ( 15,114
)
 $
 ( 5,491
)
 $
 ( 54,447
)
 $
 308,240

 Stock-based compensation expense

 -

 -

 2,394

 -

 -

 -

 2,394

 Forfeiture/cancellation of restricted stock

 (753,997
)

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Shares issued under stock-based program

 871,545

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Treasury shares purchased from shares issued under stock-based program

 (601,011
)

 -

 -

 ( 4,299
)

 -

 -

 ( 4,299
)

 Treasury shares purchased under share repurchase program

 (1,000,338
)

 -

 -

 ( 6,468
)

 -

 -

 ( 6,468
)

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

 Foreign currency translation adjustment

 -

 -

 -

 -

 5,008

 -

 5,008

 Balance, October 31, 2024

 53,273,644

 $

 $
 386,313

 $
 ( 25,881
)
 $
 ( 483
)
 $
 ( 38,240
)
 $
 321,715

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 For the Year Ended October 31,

 2024

 2023

 $

 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Non-cash operating lease expense

 5,103

 5,506

 Foreign currency adjustments

 ( 1,234
)

 ( 566
)

 Depreciation

 41,969

 39,756

 Deferred income taxes

 5,281

 6,137

 Amortization of deferred financing costs

 1,803

 1,859

 Amortization of intangible assets

 15,141

 18,910

 Stock-based compensation expense

 2,394

 3,847

 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

 ( 130
)

 ( 6,899
)

 Net gain on the sale of property, plant and equipment

 ( 2,309
)

 ( 2,247
)

 Other operating activities

 ( 78
)

 Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 Receivables

 7,164

 Inventory

 ( 1,142
)

 Other operating assets

 1,338

 Accounts payable

 ( 1,679
)

 ( 464
)

 Other operating liabilities

 ( 3,964
)

 ( 1,296
)

 Net cash provided by operating activities

 86,900

 96,875

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Purchases of property, plant and equipment

 ( 43,810
)

 ( 54,505
)

 Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

 11,679

 11,147

 Purchases of intangible assets

 -

 ( 800
)

 Net cash used in investing activities

 ( 32,131
)

 ( 44,158
)

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Proceeds on revolving loan

 313,170

 317,989

 Payments on revolving loan

 ( 332,104
)

 ( 351,167
)

 Payment of debt issuance costs

 ( 953
)

 ( 550
)

 Purchase of treasury stock

 ( 10,160
)

 ( 10,505
)

 Other financing activities

 1,279

 ( 63
)

 Net cash used in financing activities

 ( 28,768
)

 ( 44,296
)

 Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash

 1,179

 ( 42
)

 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

 27,180

 8,379

 Cash and cash equivalents:

 Beginning of period

 15,861

 7,482

 End of period

 $
 43,041

 $
 15,861

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

 Organization

 Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Thornton, Colorado. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries including Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc. ("Brundage-Bone"), Camfaud Group Limited ("Camfaud"), and Eco-Pan, Inc. ("Eco-Pan").

 Nature of business

 Brundage-Bone is a concrete pumping service providers in the United States ("U.S.") and Camfaud is a concrete pumping service provider in the United Kingdom ("U.K."). Their core business is the provision of concrete pumping services to general contractors and concrete finishing companies in the commercial, infrastructure and residential sectors. Most often equipment returns to a "home base" nightly and these service providers do not contract to purchase, mix, or deliver concrete. Brundage-Bone has approximately 90 branch locations across approximately 22 states, with its corporate headquarters in Thornton, Colorado. Camfaud has approximately 35 branch locations throughout the U.K., with its corporate headquarters in Epping (near London), England.

 Eco-Pan provides industrial cleanup and containment services, primarily to customers in the construction industry. Eco-Pan uses containment pans specifically designed to hold waste products from concrete and other industrial cleanup operations. Eco-Pan has 20 operating locations across the U.S. with its corporate headquarters in Thornton, Colorado. In addition, we have concrete waste management operations under our Eco-Pan brand name in the U.K. and currently operate from a shared Camfaud location.

 Seasonality

 The Company's sales are historically seasonal, with lower revenue in the first quarter and higher revenue in the fourth quarter of each year. Such seasonality also causes the Company's working capital cash flow requirements to vary from quarter to quarter and primarily depends on the variability of weather patterns with the Company generally having lower sales volume during the winter and spring months.

 Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 Principles of consolidation and Basis of presentation

 The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

 Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation.

 During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, certain assets and associated revenues and expenses previously part of the Company's Other activities were aggregated into its U.S. Concrete Pumping segment in order to better align its placement with the manner in which the Company now allocates resources and measures performance. As a result, segment results for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. For further discussion, see Note 21.

 The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

 Use of estimates

 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, the liability for incurred but unreported claims under various partially self-insured polices, goodwill and intangible impairment analysis, valuation of share-based compensation, accounting for business combinations and estimates used in calculating the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents

 Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

 Inventory

 Inventory consists primarily of replacement parts for concrete pumping equipment. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost ( first -in, first -out method) or net realizable value. The Company evaluates inventory for obsolete and slow- moving inventory to account for cost adjustments.

 Fair Value Measurements

 The Financial Accounting Standard Board's (the "FASB") standard on fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. This standard establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities.

 Level 3 – Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

 Deferred financing costs

 Deferred financing costs representing third -party, non-lender debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the related long-term-debt agreement, and the straight-line method for the revolving credit agreement.

 Debt issuance costs, including any original issue discounts, related to term loans or senior notes are reflected as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the long-term debt liability that is included in long term debt, net of discount for deferred financing costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Debt issuance costs related to revolving credit facilities are capitalized and reflected as an asset in deferred financing costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of debt issuance costs are recorded in interest expense.

 Goodwill

 In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), the Company evaluates goodwill for possible impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company uses a two -step process to assess the realizability of goodwill. The first step (generally referred to as a "step 0" analysis) is a qualitative assessment that analyzes current economic indicators associated with a particular reporting unit. For example, the Company analyzes changes in economic, market and industry conditions, business strategy, cost factors, and financial performance, among others, to determine if there are indicators of a significant decline in the fair value of a particular reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment indicates a stable or improved fair value, no further testing is required. If a qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company will proceed to the quantitative second step (generally referred to as a "step 1" analysis) where the fair value of a reporting unit is calculated based on weighted income and market-based approaches. If the fair value of a reporting unit is lower than its carrying value, an impairment to goodwill is recorded, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill in the reporting unit.

 The Company has recognized goodwill in connection with prior business combinations. The Company performed a qualitative test as of the annual impairment testing date of August 31, 2024 and there were no impairment indicators present. For the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, no triggering events were identified.

 Property, plant and equipment

 Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for additions and betterments are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; however, maintenance and repairs that improve or extend the life of existing assets are capitalized. The carrying amount of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts in the year of disposal. Gains or losses from property and equipment disposals are recognized in the year of disposal. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives or the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. All other property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 In Years

 Buildings and improvements

 15 to 40

 Finance lease assets—buildings

 Furniture and office equipment

 2 to 7

 Machinery and equipment

 3 to 25

 Transportation equipment

 Finance lease assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset (see Note 9).

 ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (ASC 360) requires other long-lived assets to be evaluated for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. If indicators are present, assets are grouped to the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other asset groups and cash flows are estimated for each asset group over the remaining estimated life of each asset group. If the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the asset's carrying amount, impairment is recognized in the amount of the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. No indicators of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2024 or 2023.

 Intangible assets

 The Company has recognized certain intangible assets in connections with prior business combinations. Intangible assets are recorded at cost or their estimated fair value (when acquired through a business combination or asset acquisition) less accumulated amortization (if finite-lived).

 Intangible assets with finite lives, except for customer relationships, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are subject to annual reviews for impairment. The Company performed a qualitative test as of the annual impairment testing date of August 31, 2024 and there were no impairment indicators present. For the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, no triggering events were identified. Refer to Note 7 for further information.

 Derivatives

 The Company had public warrants outstanding and due to certain provisions in the warrant agreement, coupled with the Company's capital structure, which includes preferred stock with voting rights, the public warrants do not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders' equity and instead meet the definition of a liability-classified derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). The warrants expired on December 6, 2023 and there were no amounts outstanding as of October 31, 2024. As such, the Company recognized these warrants within short-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations at each reporting date. See further discussion of the warrants fair value in Note 4.

 Revenue recognition

 The Company generates revenues primarily from ( 1) concrete pumping services in both the U.S. and U.K. and ( 2) the Company's concrete waste services business, both of which are discussed below. In addition, the Company generates an immaterial amount of revenue from the sales of replacement parts to customers. The Company's delivery terms for replacement part sales are FOB shipping point.

 Revenue is disaggregated between two accounting standards: ( 1) ASC 606, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 606") and ( 2) ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842").

 Revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606)

 Concrete Pumping Services

 The vast majority of the Company's revenue from concrete pumping services comes from the Company's daily service, where the Company sends a single operator with a conventional concrete pump truck (an articulating boom attached to a large truck) to deliver concrete (or other construction material such as aggregate) from one point to another as directed by the customer. Customers are billed on either ( 1) a solely time basis or ( 2) a time and volume pumped basis. Additional charges (such as a fuel surcharge and travel costs) are frequently added based on specific project requirements. The Company's performance obligations related to these jobs are satisfied daily and invoiced accordingly and as such, there are no unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of any day.

 A much smaller component of the total concrete pumping services revenue comes from placing boom services. Placing booms have become an essential tool in the efficient construction of high-rise buildings. A placing boom is the articulating boom component of a conventional concrete pump truck, positioned on the uppermost floor of a building construction project. Concrete is then supplied through a pipeline from the pump that remains at ground level. Due to the long-term nature of high-rise jobs, these contracts are generally longer term but typically not in excess of one year. Customers are generally invoiced ( 1) at month end for a fixed monthly placing boom usage fee, ( 2) daily for time worked and volume of concrete pumped and ( 3) at the beginning of the job for certain set-up costs and at the end of the job for tear-down costs. As it pertains to the fixed monthly usage fee and daily fees related to time worked and volume of concrete pumped, which collectively make up a significant portion of the total consideration in the contract. For the consideration allocated to set-up and tear-down fees, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the contract. The aggregate asset or liability from these services is not significant. As invoices are issued with terms of net 30 and substantially all of the contracts are completed within a year, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations, which would include the value of future usage of the Company's placing boom assets, hours to be worked or cubic yards to be pumped.

 Revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606) & Lease revenue (ASC 842)

 Concrete Waste Services

 The Company's concrete waste services business consists of service fees charged to customers for the delivery and usage over time of its pans or containers and the disposal of the concrete waste material. Almost all contracts include two prices: ( 1) A fixed price that includes (a) the pickup and disposal of the waste material and (b) a specified number of days the customer can use the pan and ( 2) a daily rental price if the customer keeps the pan for a time period in excess of days permitted in the fixed price. For these services, the Company has identified two performance obligations: ( 1) the daily usage of the pans or containers and ( 2) the pickup and disposal of the waste material. The fees allocable to these obligations are based on their standalone selling prices based on observable prices or an expected cost plus margin approach. The Company recognizes lease revenue monthly for the daily usage fees pursuant to ASC 842 and recognizes the revenue attributable to the disposal services when the disposal is completed pursuant to ASC 606. The aggregate asset or liability from these services is not significant. As invoices are issued with terms of net 30 and substantially all of the contracts are completed within a year, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations, which would include the remaining days the pans will be utilized or the future pickup and disposal of the waste material.

 The Company recognizes revenue from pan rentals in the period earned, regardless of the timing of billing to customers. A pan rental contract is fixed in nature, but the total includes a fixed amount for the pan rental and a services component. The performance obligation for the service component of the pan rental is satisfied at the time of the pan rental pickup, which is when the Company will recognize the services component revenue under ASC 606. The pan rental contract is generally rented for short periods of time (less than a year). The pan rental is disclosed under ASC 842 revenue and the services component is disclosed under ASC 606 revenue.

 Leases as Lessor

 Our Eco-Pan business involves contracts with customers whereby we are a lessor for the rental component of the contract and therefore, such rental components of the contract are recorded as lease revenue. We account for such rental contracts as operating leases. We recognize revenue from pan rentals in the period earned, regardless of the timing of billing to customers. The lease component of the revenue is disaggregated by a base price that is based on the number of contractual days and a variable component that is based on days in excess of the number of contractual days. See further discussion above under "Revenue recognition".

 The table below summarizes our revenues as presented in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 by revenue type:

 2024

 2023

 Service revenue

 $
 391,346

 $
 411,247

 Lease fixed revenue

 21,599

 18,680

 Lease variable revenue

 12,927

 12,314

 Total revenue

 $

 $

 Practical Expedients Applied

 The Company collects sales taxes when required from customers as part of the purchase price, which are then subsequently remitted to the appropriate authorities. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient that allows entities to make an accounting policy election to exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the measurement.

 At contract inception, the Company does not expect the period between customer payment and transfer of control of the promised services to the customer to exceed one year as customers are invoiced with terms of 30 days. As such, the Company has used the practical expedient in ASC 606 which states that no adjustment for a significant financing component is necessary.

 Receivables and contract assets and liabilities

 Receivables are carried at the original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts. Generally, the Company does not require collateral for their accounts receivable; however, the Company may file statutory liens or take other appropriate legal action when necessary on construction projects in which collection problems arise. A receivable is typically considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than 30 days. The Company does not typically charge interest on past-due receivables.

 Pursuant to CECL (defined below), Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by identifying troubled accounts and by using historical experience applied to an aging of accounts, Management's understanding of the current economic circumstances within the Company's industry, reasonable and supportable forecasts and Management's judgment as to the likelihood of ultimate payment based upon available data. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. Our estimate of doubtful accounts could change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or, in particular circumstances, changes to individual customers. Accordingly, the Company may be required to increase or decrease the allowance for doubtful accounts.

 The Company does not have contract liabilities associated with contracts with customers. The Company's contract assets and impairment losses associated therewith are not significant. Contracts with customers do not result in amounts billed to customers in excess of recognizable revenue.

 Performance obligations

 The Company's ASC 606 revenue is recognized primarily over time. Accordingly, in any particular period, we do not generally recognize a significant amount of revenue from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

 Contract costs

 The Company incurs limited costs in order to obtain contracts. However, as the amortization period for these assets would be one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient permitted by ASC 606 and recognized those incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred. As discussed above, contracts of the Company are typically completed within the year.

 Disaggregation of Revenue

 Revenue disaggregated by reportable segment and geographic area where the work was performed for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented in Note 21. The Company's three reportable segments are U.S. Concrete Pumping, U.K. Operations and U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services.

 Leases

 Leases as Lessee

 The Company primarily leases various office and land facilities, vehicles and general office equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease in accordance with ASC 842, based on the terms and conditions in the contract. A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset and we have the right to control the asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Lease arrangements can take several forms. Some arrangements are clearly within the scope of lease accounting, such as a real estate contract that provides an explicit contractual right to use a building for a specified period of time in exchange for consideration. However, the right to use an asset can also be conveyed through arrangements that are not leases in form, such as leases embedded within service and supply contracts. We analyze all arrangements with potential embedded leases to determine if an identified asset is present, if substantive substitution rights are present, and if the arrangement provides the customer control of the asset. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets are recognized at the lease commencement date at amounts equal to the respective lease liabilities. Lease-related liabilities are recognized at the present value of the remaining expected future lease payments (see discussion below), which are discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rates as the rates implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rates used are based on the Company's Senior Notes rates, adjusted to approximate the rates at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis over a term similar to the recognized lease term. The incremental borrowing rates are applied to each lease based upon the length of the lease term and the reporting entity in which the lease resides. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred.

 Many of the Company's lease arrangements contain multiple lease components (including fixed payments, such as rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (including common-area maintenance ("CAM") costs). The Company has elected to not separate the lease and non-lease components for leases as lessee. All leases that contain CAM or pass-through components that are variable payments and are billed separate from the base payment for the lease are expensed as variable lease expense in the period in which the obligation of these payments was incurred. Other leases that have a component of the base payment that is known to include CAM or other pass-through charges will not be separated and therefore are included in the analysis of the lease liability. Any true-ups or variable payments billed will be expensed as variable lease expense when incurred.

 Expected Future Lease payments - The Company's lease agreements contain a contractual minimum number of fixed lease payments, and many contain renewal options. However, the Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for renewal periods unless at inception or when a triggering event occurs, it is determined that it is reasonably certain the lease will be renewed. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Some of the Company's lease agreements are on a month-to-month basis and the Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities until it is determined that it is reasonably certain the Company will have rights to the asset greater than 12 months. Based on this, the expected future lease payments that are discounted to arrive at the initial lease liability are reflective of ( 1) contractual minimum number of fixed lease payments plus ( 2) the contractually permitted renewals that are reasonably certain to be elected. Quarterly, the Company reviews the month-to-month agreements and agreements with renewal terms where it was previously determined the renewal was not reasonably certain.

 These leases, with few exceptions, provide for escalations that are fixed escalation clauses (such as fixed-dollar or fixed-percentage increases) or inflation-based escalation clauses (such as those tied to the consumer price index). The lease term for most leases includes the initial non-cancelable term plus any term under renewal options that are reasonably certain. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components, but instead accounts for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component.

 The Company, from time to time, will enter into subleases, but these are immaterial in nature. From the Company's perspective, these items are not factored into the value of the ROU asset, but are recorded as an offset to expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 Reserves for Claims

 General

 The Company is exposed to various claims relating to our business, including those for which we provide self-insurance. Claims for which the Company self-insures includes: ( 1) workers' compensation claims; ( 2) general liability claims by third parties for injury or property damage caused by our equipment or personnel; ( 3) automobile liability claims; and ( 4) employee health insurance claims. Losses that exceed our deductibles and self-insured retentions are insured through various commercial lines of insurance policies. These types of claims may take a substantial amount of time to resolve and, accordingly, the ultimate liability associated with a particular claim, including claims incurred but not reported as of a period-end reporting date, may not be known for an extended period of time. Management's methodology for developing self-insurance reserves is based on estimates. The estimation process considers, among other matters, the cost of known claims over time and incurred but not reported claims. These estimates may change based on, among other things, changes in our claim history or receipt of additional information relevant to assessing the claims. Further, these estimates may prove to be inaccurate due to factors such as adverse judicial determinations or other claim settlements at higher than estimated amounts. Accordingly, the Company may be required to increase or decrease our reserve levels. See below and Note 15 for more details.

 Commercial Self-Insured Losses

 For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company retained a portion of the risk for workers' compensation, automobile, and general liability losses ("self-insured commercial liability").

 Reserves have been recorded that reflect the undiscounted estimated liabilities including claims incurred but not reported. When a recognized liability is covered by third -party insurance, the Company records an insurance claim receivable to reflect the covered liability. Amounts estimated to be paid within one year have been included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, with the remainder included in Other liabilities, non-current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Insurance claims receivables that are expected to be received from third -party insurance within one year have been included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, with the remainder included in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 Medical Self-Insured Losses

 The Company offers employee health benefits via a partially self-insured medical benefit plan. Participants claims exceeding certain limits are covered by a stop-loss insurance policy.

 Segment Reporting

 The Company conducts business through the following reportable segments based on geography and the nature of services sold:

 U.S. Concrete Pumping – Consists of concrete pumping services sold to customers in the U.S. Business in this segment is primarily performed under the Brundage-Bone and Capital trade names.

 U.K. Operations – Consists of concrete pumping services and leasing of concrete pumping equipment to customers in the U.K. Business in this segment is primarily performed under the Camfaud Concrete Pumps and Premier Concrete Pumping trade names. In addition to concrete pumping, we recently started operations of waste management services in the U.K. under the Eco-Pan trade name and the results of this business are included in this segment. This represents the Company's foreign operations.

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services – Consists of pans and containers rented to customers in the U.S. and the disposal of the concrete waste material services sold to customers in the U.S. Business in this segment is performed under the Eco-Pan trade name.

 See Note 21 for more information.

 Stock-based compensation

 The Company follows ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors. Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite employee service period (generally the vesting period of the grant). The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. For restricted stock units, shares are not outstanding shares until the vesting date.

 For time-based awards, the award is assigned a fair value equal to the closing price of the Company's stock as of the date of the grant of these awards. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of the award in the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service periods on a straight-line basis. For stock awards that include a performance-based vesting condition, such as the Company's free cashflow exceeding certain performance targets, similar to time-based awards, the award is assigned a fair value equal to the closing price of the Company's stock as of the date of the grant of these awards. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of the award in the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service periods using the graded vesting method. The fair value is adjusted based on the potential outcome of the performance condition. For stock awards that include a market-based vesting condition, the Company uses a Monte Carlo Simulation in estimating the fair value at grant date and recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period using the graded vesting method. To the extent that a market-based vesting award is forfeited following completion of the requisite service period, compensation cost for accounting purposes is not reversed.

 Income taxes

 The Company complies with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial reporting for income taxes.

 The Company computes deferred income tax assets and liabilities annually for differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, carryback opportunities, and tax planning strategies in making the assessment. Income tax expense includes both the current income taxes payable or refundable and the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized in the consolidated balance sheet if the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

 Camfaud files income tax returns in the U.K. Camfaud's national statutes are generally open for one year following the statutory filing period.

 Foreign currency translation and transactions

 The functional currency of Camfaud is the Pound Sterling (GBP). The assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars using the period end exchange rates for the periods presented, and the consolidated statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the periods presented. Retained earnings are translated at historic rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of comprehensive income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and is the only component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The functional currency of our other subsidiaries is the United States Dollar.

 Gains/(losses) from foreign currency translation of certain of the Company's intercompany balances during the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 1.2 million and $ 0.6 million, respectively, and were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Since the U.S. and the U.K. primarily transact within their respective currencies, gains/(losses) from foreign currency transactions are not material.

 Earnings per share

 The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. For purposes of calculating earnings per share ("EPS"), a company that has participating security holders (for example, holders of unvested restricted stock that have non-forfeitable dividend rights and the Company's Series A Preferred Stock) is required to utilize the two -class method for calculating EPS unless the treasury stock method results in lower EPS. The two -class method is an allocation of earnings/(loss) between the holders of common stock and a company's participating security holders. Under the two -class method, earnings/(loss) for the reporting period is calculated by taking the net income (loss) for the period, less both the dividends declared in the period on participating securities (whether or not paid) and the dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) for the period. Our common shares outstanding are comprised of shareholder owned common stock and shares of unvested restricted stock held by participating security holders.

 Basic EPS is calculated by dividing income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, excluding participating shares. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of shares as determined for basic earnings per share plus shares potentially issuable in conjunction with unvested restricted stock awards, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and shares of zero -dividend convertible perpetual preferred stock outstanding. Common stock equivalents are not included in the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation when their effect is antidilutive.

 An anti-dilutive impact is an increase in earnings per share or a reduction in net loss per share resulting from the conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of certain securities.

 Business combinations and asset acquisitions

 The Company applies the principles provided in ASC 805, Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), to determine whether a transaction involves an asset acquisition or a business combination.

 If it is determined an acquisition is a business combination, tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized to the extent the fair value of the consideration transferred exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. Transaction costs for business combinations are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 805.

 If it is determined an acquisition is an asset acquisition, the purchase consideration (which will include certain transaction costs) is allocated first to indefinite lived intangible assets (if applicable) based on their fair values with the remaining balance of purchase consideration being allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values.

 Concentrations

 As of October 31, 2024 there were three primary vendors that the Company relied upon to purchase concrete pumping boom equipment. However, should the need arise, there are alternate vendors who can provide concrete pumping boom equipment.

 Cash balances held at financial institutions may, at times, be in excess of federally insured limits. The Company places its temporary cash balances in high-credit quality financial institutions.

 The Company's customer base is dispersed across the U.S. and U.K. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of its customers' financial condition and requires no collateral to support credit sales. During the periods described above, no customer represented 10 percent or more of sales or trade receivables.

 Note 3. New Accounting Pronouncements

 Newly adopted accounting pronouncements

 ASU 2016 - 13, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016 - 13") - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016 - 13, which, along with subsequently issued related ASUs, requires financial assets (or groups of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, among other provisions (known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model). Under the new guidance, the Company recognizes an allowance for its estimate of expected credit losses over the entire contractual term of its receivables from the date of initial recognition of the financial instrument. Measurement of expected credit losses are based on relevant forecasts that affect collectability. The Company's receivables are in scope for CECL. At the point that these receivables are recorded, they become subject to the CECL model and estimates of expected credit losses over their contractual life are recorded at inception based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted CECL as of November 1, 2023 for fiscal year ending October 31, 2024. The adoption of CECL did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures because the Company's accounts receivable are of short duration and there is not a material difference between incurred losses and expected losses.

 Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective

 ASU 2023 - 07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023 - 07") - In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023 - 07, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the amendments is to enable investors to better understand an entity's overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. This ASU is effective for public companies with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within annual period beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 ASU 2023 - 09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023 - 09") - In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023 - 09, which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. This ASU is effective for public companies with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 ASU 2024 - 03, Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures ("ASU 2024 - 03) - In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024 - 03, which requires additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements for both interim and annual reporting periods. This ASU is effective for public companies with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 Note 4. Fair Value Measurement

 The carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current accrued liabilities approximate their fair value as recorded due to the short-term maturity of these instruments, which approximates fair value. The Company's outstanding obligations on its asset-backed loan ("ABL") credit facility are deemed to be at fair value as the interest rates on these debt obligations are variable and consistent with prevailing rates. There were no changes in the Company's valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the year ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

 Long-term debt instruments

 The Company's long-term debt instruments are recorded at their carrying values in the consolidated balance sheet, which may differ from their respective fair values. The fair values of the long-term debt instruments are derived from Level 2 inputs. The fair value amount of the long-term debt instruments as of October 31, 2024 and 2023 is presented in the table below based on the prevailing interest rates and trading activity of the Senior Notes.

 2024

 2023

 Carrying Value

 Fair Value

 Carrying Value

 Fair Value

 Senior Notes

 $

 $
 372,656

 $

 $
 353,438

 Warrants

 At October 31, 2023, there were 13,017,677 public warrants and no private warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitled its holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $ 11.50 per share. The warrants expired on December 6, 2023 and there were no amounts outstanding as of October 31, 2024.

 The Company accounted for the public warrants issued in connection with its IPO in accordance with ASC 815, under which certain provisions in the public warrant agreements do not meet the criteria for equity classification and therefore these warrants must be recorded as liabilities. The fair value of each public warrant is based on the public trading price of the warrant (Level 2 fair value measurement). Gains and losses related to the warrants are reflected in the change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the consolidated statements of operations, see Note 2 for further discussion.

 All other non-financial assets

 The Company's non-financial assets, which primarily consist of property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis and are reported at carrying value. However, on a periodic basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be fully recoverable (and at least annually for goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles), non-financial instruments are assessed for impairment and, if applicable, written down to and recorded at fair value.

 Note 5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

 The significant components of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of October 31, 2024 and 2023 are comprised of the following:

 2024

 2023

 Expected recoveries related to self-insured commercial liabilities

 $
 3,155

 $
 3,802

 Prepaid insurance

 1,462

 1,611

 Prepaid licenses and deposits

 Other current assets and prepaids

 1,455

 2,478

 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets

 $
 6,956

 $
 8,701

 Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment

 The significant components of property, plant and equipment as of October 31, 2024 and 2023 are comprised of the following:

 2024

 2023

 Land, building and improvements

 $
 32,724

 $
 29,338

 Finance leases—land and buildings

 -

 Machinery and equipment

 534,014

 517,514

 Transportation equipment

 11,133

 9,306

 Furniture and office equipment

 4,187

 3,817

 Property, plant and equipment, gross

 582,058

 560,803

 Less accumulated depreciation

 ( 166,332
)

 ( 133,155
)

 $
 415,726

 $
 427,648

 Depreciation expense for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Cost of operations

 $
 39,644

 $
 37,336

 2,325

 2,420

 Total depreciation expense

 $
 41,969

 $
 39,756

 Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 The Company has recognized goodwill and certain intangible assets in connection with prior business combinations. The Company performed a qualitative test as of the annual impairment testing date of August 31, 2024 and 2023, in which there were no impairment indicators present. The Company performed a quantitative impairment analysis as of August 31, 2022. Based on the results of this analysis the fair values of the Company's reporting units were in excess of their carrying values and as such, no impairments were identified.

 The valuation methodology used to value the trade names during the quantitative impairment analysis as of August 31, 2022, was based on the relief-from-royalty method which is an income-based measure that derives the value from total revenue growth projected and what percentage is attributable to the trade names. As a result of the analysis, the Company identified that the fair value of its Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Eco-Pan and Capital Pumping trade names exceeded their carrying values by approximately 61 %, 49 % and 127 %, respectively, and their remaining values are $ 37.3 million, $ 7.7 million and $ 5.5 million as of October 31, 2022, respectively.

 The goodwill impairment test performed as of August 31, 2022, was performed on the Company's U.S. Concrete Pumping, U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services, and U.K. Operations reporting units. The valuation methodologies used to value the reporting units included the discounted cash flow method (income approach) and the guideline public company method (market approach). As a result of the goodwill impairment analysis, the Company identified that the fair values of its U.S. Concrete Pumping, U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services and U.K. Operations reporting units were approximately 7 %, 82 % and 32 % greater than their carrying values, respectively. As such, no impairment charge was recorded. If the planned business performance expectations are not met or if specific valuation factors out of our control, such as the discount rate, change significantly, then the estimated fair values of the reporting unit might decline and lead to a goodwill impairment in the future.

 The following table summarizes the composition of intangible assets as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 Weighted Average

 Gross

 Foreign Currency

 Net

 Remaining Life

 Carrying

 Accumulated

 Accumulated

 Translation

 Carrying

 (in Years)

 Value

 Impairment

 Amortization

 Adjustment

 Amount

 Intangibles subject to amortization:

 Customer relationship

 9.1

 $
 195,126

 $
 -

 $
 ( 144,132
)

 $
 1,191

 $
 52,185

 Trade name

 4.1

 5,097

 -

 ( 3,181
)

 2,212

 Assembled workforce

 1.1

 1,650

 -

 ( 1,522
)

 -

 Noncompete agreements

 2.9

 1,200

 -

 ( 613
)

 -

 Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

 Trade names (indefinite life)

 -

 55,500

 ( 5,000
)

 -

 -

 50,500

 Total intangibles

 $
 258,573

 $
 ( 5,000
)

 $
 ( 149,448
)

 $
 1,487

 $
 105,612

 2023

 Weighted Average

 Gross

 Foreign Currency

 Net

 Remaining Life

 Carrying

 Accumulated

 Accumulated

 Translation

 Carrying

 (in Years)

 Value

 Impairment

 Amortization

 Adjustment

 Amount

 Intangibles subject to amortization:

 Customer relationship

 10.1

 $
 195,126

 $
 -

 $
 ( 130,295
)

 $

 $
 65,663

 Trade name

 5.1

 5,097

 -

 ( 2,645
)

 2,598

 Assembled workforce

 1.4

 1,650

 -

 ( 972
)

 -

 Noncompete agreements

 3.9

 1,200

 -

 ( 395
)

 -

 Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

 Trade names (indefinite life)

 -

 55,500

 ( 5,000
)

 -

 -

 50,500

 Total intangibles

 $
 258,573

 $
 ( 5,000
)

 $
 ( 134,307
)

 $

 $
 120,244

 Amortization expense for the year ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 15.1 million and $ 18.9 million, respectively. Based on intangible asset values and currency exchange rates as of October 31, 2024, total intangible asset amortization expense is expected to be $ 11.8 million, $ 9.5 million, $ 7.8 million, $ 6.5 million, and $ 5.1 million for years ending October 31, 2025 through 2029, respectively, and approximately $ 14.4 million combined for all years thereafter.

 The changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Total

 Balance at October 31, 2022

 $
 147,482

 $
 23,630

 $
 49,133

 $
 220,245

 Foreign currency translation

 -

 1,272

 -

 1,272

 Balance at October 31, 2023

 $
 147,482

 $
 24,902

 $
 49,133

 $
 221,517

 Foreign currency translation

 -

 1,479

 -

 1,479

 Balance at October 31, 2024

 $
 147,482

 $
 26,381

 $
 49,133

 $
 222,996

 Goodwill in the above table is presented net of accumulated impairment losses of $ 52.9 million as of October 31, 2024 and 2023. The U.S. Concrete Pumping and U.K. Operations reportable segments recorded $ 38.5 million and $ 14.4 million, respectively, in accumulated impairment losses.

 Note 8. Other Non-Current Assets

 The significant components of other non-current assets as of October 31, 2024 and 2023 are comprised of the following:

 2024

 2023

 Expected recoveries related to self-insured commercial liabilities

 $
 12,170

 $
 13,822

 Other non-current assets

 Total other non-current assets

 $
 12,578

 $
 14,250

 Note 9. Leases

 Lease expense consisted of the following:

 Classification on the Consolidated Statement of Operations

 2024

 2023

 Operating lease expense

 $
 7,324

 $
 6,522

 Short-term and variable lease expense

 Finance lease expense:

 Amortization of right-of-use assets

 Interest on lease liability

 Interest expense, net

 -

 Total finance lease expense

 $

 Sublease income

 ( 141
)

 ( 85
)

 Total lease expense

 $
 7,784

 $
 7,153

 Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to leases:

 Leases

 Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

 2024

 2023

 Assets:

 Operating lease assets

 Right-of-use operating lease assets

 $
 26,179

 $
 24,815

 Finance lease assets

 -

 Total leased assets

 26,179

 25,495

 Current liabilities:

 Operating

 Operating lease obligations, current portion

 $
 4,817

 $
 4,739

 Finance

 Finance lease obligations, current portion

 -

 Noncurrent liabilities:

 Operating

 Operating lease obligations, non-current

 21,716

 20,458

 Finance

 Finance lease obligations, non-current

 -

 Total leased liabilities

 $
 26,533

 $
 25,372

 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)

 Operating leases

 Finance leases

 -

 Weighted-average discount rate

 Operating leases

 7.8
 %

 7.1
 %

 Finance leases

 -

 3.8
 %

 Supplemental consolidated cash flow statement information related to leases:

 2024

 2023

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

 Operating cash flows from operating leases

 $
 5,076

 $
 5,278

 Financing cash flows from finance leases

 The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease and finance lease liabilities recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2024:

 Future Payments

 Operating Leases

 2025

 $
 6,500

 2026

 5,585

 2027

 5,002

 2028

 4,430

 2029

 3,517

 Thereafter

 9,604

 Total lease payments

 $
 34,638

 Less: Interest

 ( 8,105
)

 Total lease payments

 $
 26,533

 Less: Current portion

 ( 4,817
)

 Long-term portion

 $
 21,716

 As of October 31, 2024, we had no material operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

 Related Party Leases

 The Company has two related party leases. Eco-Pan leases its facility in Pacific, Washington from an investor group in which Bruce Young, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, holds an approximately 25 % interest. Camfaud leases its facility in Essex, England from a trust the trustees of which include Tony Faud, the Company's Managing Director — U.K., and members of his family.

 The following is supplemental consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to related party leases:

 Leases

 Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

 2024

 2023

 Assets:

 Operating lease assets

 Right-of-use operating lease assets

 $
 2,820

 $
 2,972

 Current liabilities:

 Operating

 Operating lease obligations, current portion

 $

 $

 Noncurrent liabilities:

 Operating

 Operating lease obligations, non-current

 2,480

 2,669

 Total leased liabilities

 $
 2,803

 $
 2,953

 For both years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, $ 0.6 million was included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations related to related party leases.

 Note 10. Long-Term Debt and Revolving Lines of Credit

 The table below is a summary of the composition of the Company's debt balances as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 Interest Rates

 Maturities

 2024

 2023

 ABL Facility - short term

 Varies

 September 2029

 $

 $
 18,954

 Senior notes - all long term

 6.000 %

 February 2026

 Total debt, gross

 375,020

 393,954

 Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs offsetting long term debt

 ( 1,740
)

 ( 3,132
)

 Less: Current portion

 ( 20
)

 ( 18,954
)

 Long term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs

 $
 373,260

 $
 371,868

 On January 28, 2021, Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Issuer") and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (i) completed a private offering of $ 375.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 6.000 % senior secured second lien notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") issued pursuant to an indenture, among the Issuer, the Company, the other Guarantors (as defined below), Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and as collateral agent (the "Indenture") and (ii) entered into an amended and restated ABL Facility (as subsequently amended, the "ABL Facility") by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, the other lenders party thereto, which originally provided up to $ 125.0 million of asset-based revolving loan commitments to the Company and the other borrowers under the ABL Facility. The Senior Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the Company, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp. and each of the Issuer's domestic, wholly-owned subsidiaries that is a borrower or a guarantor under the ABL Facility (collectively, the "Guarantors").

 On June 1, 2023, the ABL Facility was amended to, among other changes, ( 1) increase the maximum revolver borrowings available to be drawn thereunder to $ 225.0 million, ( 2) increase the letter of credit sublimit to $ 22.5 million and ( 3) extend the maturity of the ABL Facility to the earlier of (a) June 1, 2028 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable. The ABL Facility also provides for an uncommitted accordion feature under which the borrowers under the ABL Facility can, subject to specified conditions, increase the ABL Facility by up to an additional $ 75.0 million. The $ 65.0 million in incremental commitments were provided by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The amended ABL Facility was treated as a debt modification. The Company capitalized an additional $ 0.5 million of debt issuance costs related to the June 1, 2023, ABL Facility amendment. The preexisting unamortized deferred costs of $ 1.4 million and the additional costs of $ 0.5 million will be amortized from June 1, 2023 through June 1, 2028.

 On September 6, 2024, the ABL Facility was amended to, among other changes, ( 1) increase the maximum revolver borrowings available to be drawn thereunder from $ 225.0 million to $ 350.0 million, ( 2) increase the letter of credit sublimit from $ 22.5 million to $ 32.5 million and ( 3) extend the maturity of the ABL Facility to the earlier of (a) September 6, 2029 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable. The ABL Facility also provides for an uncommitted accordion feature under which the borrowers under the ABL Facility can, subject to specified conditions, increase the ABL Facility by up to an additional $ 25.0 million. Of the $ 125.0 million in incremental commitments, $ 75.0 million was provided by Bank of America, N.A. and $ 50.0 million was provided by PNC Bank, N.A. The amended ABL Facility was treated as a debt modification. The Company capitalized an additional $ 1.2 million of debt issuance costs related to the September 6, 2024 ABL Facility amendment. The preexisting unamortized deferred costs of $ 1.4 million and the additional costs of $ 1.2 million will be amortized from September 6, 2024 through September 6, 2029.

 Summarized terms of these facilities are included below:

 Senior Notes

 Summarized terms of the Senior Notes are as follows:

 Provides for an original aggregate principal amount of $375.0 million;

 The Senior Notes will mature and be due and payable in full on February 1, 2026;

 The Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.000% per annum, payable on February 1st and August 1st of each year;

 The Senior Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the Company, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp. and each of the Issuer's domestic, wholly-owned subsidiaries that is a borrower or a guarantor under the ABL Facility (collectively, the "Guarantors"). The Senior Notes and the guarantees are secured on a second -priority basis by all the assets of the Issuer and the Guarantors that secure the obligations under the ABL Facility, subject to certain exceptions. The Senior Notes and the guarantees will be the Issuer's and the Guarantors' senior secured obligations, will rank equally with all of the Issuer's and the Guarantors' existing and future senior indebtedness and will rank senior to all of the Issuer's and the Guarantors' existing and future subordinated indebtedness. The Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Senior Notes; and

 The Indenture includes certain covenants that limit, among other things, the Issuer's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness and issue certain preferred stock; make certain investments, distributions and other restricted payments; create or incur certain liens; merge, consolidate or transfer all or substantially all assets; enter into certain transactions with affiliates; and sell or otherwise dispose of certain assets.

 The outstanding principal amount of the Senior Notes as of October 31, 2024 was $ 375.0 million and as of that date, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Indenture.

 ABL Facility

 Summarized terms of the ABL Facility, as amended are as follows:

 Borrowing availability in U.S. Dollars and GBP up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $ 350.0 million and an uncommitted accordion feature under which the Company can increase the ABL Facility by up to an additional $ 25.0 million;

 Borrowing capacity available for standby letters of credit of up to $ 32.5 million and for swing loan borrowings of up to $ 22.5 million. Any issuance of letters of credit or making of a swing loan will reduce the amount available under the ABL Facility;

 Borrowings are generally in the form of short-term fixed rate loans that can be extended to mature on the earlier of (a) September 6, 2029 or (b) the date that is 180 days prior to (i) the final stated maturity date of the Senior Notes or (ii) the date the Senior Notes become due and payable;

 Amounts borrowed may be repaid at any time, subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement;

 Through May 31, 2023, borrowings in GBP bore interest at the SONIA rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.0326 %. After May 31, 2023 and through September 6, 2024, borrowings in GBP bore interest at the SONIA rate plus an applicable margin equal to 2.2826 %. After September 6, 2024, borrowings in GBP bear interest at the SONIA rate (subject to a 0.00 % floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 2.53 % per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, after which point there will be a stepdown to 2.28 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3 % of the Maximum Revolver Amount and will further stepdown to 2.03 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.7% of the Maximum Revolver Amount;

 Through May 31, 2023, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bore interest at ( 1) the SOFR rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.00 % or ( 2) a base rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 1.00 %. After May 31, 2023 and through September 6, 2024, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bore interest at ( 1) the SOFR rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 2.25 % or ( 2) a base rate plus an applicable margin currently set at 1.25 %. After September 6, 2024, borrowings in U.S. Dollars bear interest at, ( 1) the SOFR rate (subject to a 0.00 % floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 2.50 % per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, after which point the margin will stepdown to 2.25 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3 % of the Maximum Revolver Amount, and will further stepdown to 2.00 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.7% of the Maximum Revolver Amount, or ( 2) as related to all other loans, the base rate (subject to a 0.00 % floor), plus an applicable margin equal to 1.50 % per annum that is fixed until September 30, 2025, which will stepdown to 1.25 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 33.3 % of the Maximum Revolver Amount and will further stepdown to 1.00 % per annum if the quarterly average excess availability is greater than or equal to 66.6 % of the Maximum Revolver Amount.;

 U.S. ABL Facility obligations are secured by a first -priority perfected security interest in substantially all the assets of the Issuer, together with Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc., Eco-Pan, Inc., Capital Pumping LP (collectively, the "US ABL Borrowers") and each of the Company's wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (the "US ABL Guarantors"), subject to certain exceptions;

 U.K. ABL Facility obligations are secured by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all assets of Camfaud Concrete Pumps Limited and Premier Concrete Pumping Limited, each of the Company's wholly-owned U.K. subsidiaries, and by each of the US ABL Borrowers and the US ABL Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions; and

 The ABL Facility also includes (i) a springing financial covenant (fixed charges coverage ratio and maximum total leverage ratio) based on excess availability levels that the Company must comply with on a quarterly basis during required compliance periods and (ii) certain non-financial covenants.

 The outstanding balance under the ABL Facility as of October 31, 2024 was approximately $ 20,000 and as of that date, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. In addition, as of October 31, 2024, the Company had $ 1.1 million in credit line reserves and a letter of credit balance of $ 13.9 million. As of October 31, 2024, the Company had $ 335.0 million of available borrowing capacity under the ABL Facility. Debt issuance costs related to revolving credit facilities are capitalized and reflected as an asset in deferred financing costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company had debt issuance costs related to the revolving credit facilities of $ 2.5 million as of October 31, 2024.

 The Company utilizes the ABL Facility to support its working capital arrangement.

 At October 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the ABL Facility was 7.5 % and 7.9 %, respectively.

 Note 11. Accrued Payroll and Payroll Expenses

 The following table summarizes accrued payroll and expenses as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 Accrued vacation

 $
 3,541

 $
 2,982

 Accrued payroll

 4,339

 3,960

 Accrued bonus

 4,837

 5,368

 Accrued employee-related taxes

 1,517

 1,892

 Other accrued

 Total accrued payroll and payroll expenses

 $
 14,303

 $
 14,524

 Note 12. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

 The following table summarizes accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 Accrued self-insured commercial liabilities

 $
 12,210

 $
 11,087

 Accrued self-insured health liabilities

 1,712

 2,269

 Accrued interest

 5,625

 5,775

 Accrued equipment purchases

 1,354

 8,545

 Accrued property, sales and use tax

 3,960

 1,791

 Accrued professional fees

 1,326

 1,429

 Other

 2,486

 3,854

 Total accrued expenses and other liabilities

 $
 28,673

 $
 34,750

 Note 13. Other Liabilities, Non-Current

 The following table summarizes other non-current liabilities as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 Self-insured commercial liability

 $
 12,332

 $
 14,140

 Other

 Total other non-current liabilities

 $
 13,321

 $
 14,142

 Note 14. Income Taxes

 The sources of income before income taxes for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 United States

 $
 18,264

 $
 35,650

 Foreign

 6,047

 4,912

 Total

 $
 24,311

 $
 40,562

 The components of the provision for income taxes for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Current tax provision:

 Federal

 $
 1,924

 $
 1,945

 State and local

 Total current tax provision

 $
 2,647

 $
 2,635

 Deferred tax provision:

 Federal

 $
 3,012

 $
 4,567

 Foreign

 1,893

 State and local

 Total deferred tax provision

 $
 5,457

 $
 6,137

 Net provision for income taxes

 $
 8,104

 $
 8,772

 For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the income tax provision differs from the expected tax provision computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate to income before taxes as a result of the following:

 Income tax expense per federal statutory rate of 21% for each period

 $
 5,105

 $
 8,517

 State income taxes, net of federal deduction

 1,003

 1,196

 Change in deferred tax rate

 ( 31
)

 ( 280
)

 Warrant fair value change

 ( 27
)

 ( 1,449
)

 Stock compensation shortfall (benefit)

 1,023

 ( 10
)

 Foreign income inclusion

 -

 Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance

 ( 23
)

 Other

 Income tax provision

 $
 8,104

 $
 8,772

 The tax effects of the temporary differences giving rise to the Company's net deferred tax liabilities for fiscal years ending October 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

 Deferred tax assets:

 Accrued insurance reserve

 $
 2,579

 $
 1,865

 Accrued sales and use tax

 Accrued bonuses and vacation

 1,591

 1,855

 Accrued payroll tax

 Foreign tax credit carryforward

 State tax credit carryforward

 Interest expense carryforward

 1,396

 1,241

 Stock-based compensation

 2,490

 Operating lease liability

 6,406

 6,109

 Other

 Net operating loss carryforward

 10,982

 18,596

 Total deferred tax assets

 $
 23,926

 $
 32,850

 Valuation allowance

 ( 123
)

 ( 164
)

 Net deferred tax assets

 $
 23,803

 $
 32,686

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Intangible assets

 ( 14,598
)

 ( 16,352
)

 Prepaid expenses

 ( 200
)

 (242
)

 Property and equipment

 ( 89,329
)

 ( 90,907
)

 Right-of-use operating lease asset

 ( 6,323
)

 ( 5,976
)

 Total net deferred tax liabilities

 ( 110,450
)

 ( 113,477
)

 Net deferred tax liabilities

 $
 ( 86,647
)

 $
 ( 80,791
)

 As of October 31, 2024, the Company has the following tax carryforwards:

 (in millions)

 Year that Carryforwards Begin to Expire

 Federal net operating loss carryforwards

 $
 33.8

 Indefinite carryforward

 State net operating loss carryforwards

 29.3

 FY25

 Foreign net operating loss carryforwards

 10.0

 Indefinite carryforward

 Foreign tax carryforwards

 0.1

 FY26

 Federal interest expense carryforwards

 5.2

 Indefinite carryforward

 State interest expense carryforwards

 10.5

 Indefinite carryforward

 Total tax carryforwards

 $
 88.9

 The Company does not consider that earnings from non-U.S. affiliates will be permanently reinvested. As such, the Company has provided U.S. deferred taxes on cumulative earnings of all of its non-U.S. affiliates.

 In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, carryback opportunities, and tax planning strategies in making the assessment. The Company believes it is more likely than not that it will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the valuation allowance provided. The valuation allowance provided by the Company relates to foreign tax credit carryforwards, certain state tax credit carryforwards, and state net operating loss carryforwards.

 The Company files income tax returns with the U.S., various state governments and the U.K. With few immaterial exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, foreign and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for tax years before October 31, 2021.

 Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, annual use of the Company's net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards may be limited in the event a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within a three -year period. The Company has determined that no such change in ownership happened during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

 The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's unrecognized tax benefits during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company expects no material changes to unrecognized tax positions within the next twelve months. If recognized, none of these benefits would favorably impact the Company's income tax expense, before consideration of any related valuation allowance:

 Balance, beginning of year

 $
 1,203

 $
 1,333

 Decrease in prior year position

 ( 126
)

 ( 130
)

 Balance, end of year

 $
 1,077

 $
 1,203

 As of October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recognized no interest or penalties.

 Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

 Purchase Commitments

 As of October 31, 2024, the Company was contractually committed for $ 11.0 million of capital expenditures for purchases of property and equipment. A majority of these obligations are expected to be satisfied in the next twelve months.

 Insurance

 Commercial Self-Insured Losses

 The following table summarizes as of October 31, 2024 for ( 1) recorded liabilities, related to both asserted as well as unasserted insurance claims and ( 2) any related insurance claims receivables.

 As of October 31, 2024

 As of October 31, 2023

 Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Self-insured commercial liability, current

 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

 $
 12,210

 $
 11,087

 Self-insured commercial liability, non-current

 Other liabilities, non-current

 12,332

 14,140

 Total self-insured commercial liabilities

 $
 24,542

 $
 25,227

 Expected recoveries related to self-insured commercial liabilities, current

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 $
 3,155

 $
 3,802

 Expected recoveries related to self-insured commercial liabilities, non-current

 Other non-current assets

 12,170

 13,822

 Total expected recoveries related to self-insured commercial liabilities

 $
 15,325

 $
 17,625

 Total self-insured commercial liability, net of expected recoveries

 $
 9,217

 $
 7,602

 The Company has accrued $ 9.2 million and $ 7.6 million, as of October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for estimated ( 1) losses reported and ( 2) claims incurred but not reported, net of recoveries.

 Medical Self-Insured Losses

 As of October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had accrued $ 1.7 million and $ 1.2 million, respectively, for estimated health claims incurred but not reported based on historical claims amounts and average lag time. These accruals are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company contracts with a third -party administrator to process claims, remit benefits, etc. The third -party administrator required the Company to maintain a bank account to facilitate the administration of claims.

 Litigation

 The Company is currently involved in certain legal proceedings and other disputes with third parties that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that the outcomes of these matters will not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and does not believe that any amounts need to be recorded for contingent liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

 Washington Department of Revenue Sales Tax Issue

 Historically, the Company has not charged sales tax to its Washington State customers that provide a reseller certificate, treating this as a wholesale transaction rather than as a retail sale. Effective April 1, 2020, the state of Washington Department of Revenue ("DOR") published a rule which amended Washington Administrative Code 458 - 20 - 211, otherwise known as Rule 211, by designating sales of stand-alone concrete pumping services as solely retail transactions. The Company sought to defend its position that no sales tax should be charged for customers that provide a reseller certificate. As such, for the period from April 1, 2020 through January 31, 2024, the Company did not charge sales tax where its customers provide a reseller certificate and petitioned for declaratory relief from the amended rule.

 In February 2023, the Company received an adverse ruling from the Thurston County superior court in Washington State regarding its position, which it appealed. As of October 31, 2023, no liability had been recorded in connection with this contingency as a loss was not deemed probable at that time.

 In February 2024, oral arguments were heard in the Court of Appeals in Tacoma, Washington and the Company received an unfavorable judgement during the same month. As a result of this unfavorable judgment, the Company concluded that loss is probable and therefore recorded a loss of $ 3.5 million. The loss is included in general and administrative expenses in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the twelve months ended October 31, 2024. During the quarter ended January 31, 2024, the Company made a payment of $ 1.8 million to the DOR. Beginning with the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company started assessing sales tax related to its customers in the state of Washington.

 Letters of credit

 The ABL Facility provides for up to $ 32.5 million of standby letters of credit. As of October 31, 2024, total outstanding letters of credit totaled $ 13.9 million, all of which had been committed to the Company's commercial insurance providers.

 Note 16. Stockholders' Equity

 The Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $ 0.0001, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $ 0.0001. Immediately following December 6, 2018, there were:

 28,847,707 shares of common stock issued and outstanding;

 34,100,000 warrants outstanding, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $ 11.50 per share; and

 2,450,980 shares of zero -dividend convertible perpetual preferred stock ("Series A Preferred Stock") outstanding, as further discussed below

 Grants of new restricted stock awards and exercises of stock options are issued out of outstanding and available common stock.

 As discussed below, on April 29, 2019, 2,101,213 shares of common stock were issued in exchange for the Company's public warrants and 1,707,175 shares of common stock were issued in exchange for the Company's private warrants. At October 31, 2023, there were 13,017,677 public warrants and no private warrants outstanding. The warrants expired on December 6, 2023 and there were no amounts outstanding as of October 31, 2024.

 On May 14, 2019, in order to finance a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Capital, the Company completed a public offering of 18,098,166 of its common stock at a price of $ 4.50 per share, receiving net proceeds of approximately $ 77.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses. In connection with the offering, certain of the Company's directors, officers and significant stockholders, and certain other related investors purchased an aggregate of 3,980,166 shares of its common stock from the underwriters at the public offering price of $ 4.50, representing approximately 25 % of the total shares issued (without giving effect to the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares).

 The Company's Series A Preferred Stock does not pay dividends and is convertible (effective June 6, 2019) into shares of the Company's common stock at a 1:1 ratio (subject to customary adjustments). The Company has the right to elect to redeem all or a portion of the Series A Preferred Stock at its election after December 6, 2022 for cash at a redemption price equal to the amount of the principal investment ($ 25,000,000) plus an additional cumulative amount that will accrue at an annual rate of 7.0 % thereon. As of October 31, 2024, the additional cumulative amount totaled $ 10.5 million which would be recognized when it is probable that it will become redeemable. The Series A Preferred Stock will rank senior in priority and will have a senior liquidation preference to the Common Stock. In addition, if the volume weighted average price of shares of the Company's common stock equals or exceeds $ 13.00 for 30 consecutive days, then the Company will have the right to require the holder of the Series A Preferred Stock to convert its Series A Preferred Stock into Company common stock, at a ratio of 1:1 (subject to customary adjustments such as adjustments for anti-dilution events for instance stock splits or reverse stock split).

 Conditionally redeemable preferred shares (including preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company's control) are classified as temporary equity. The preferred stock contains a redemption feature contingent upon a change in control which is not solely within the control of the Company. As such, the preferred stock is presented outside of permanent equity.

 Share Repurchase Program

 In March 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a $ 15.0 million increase to the Company's share repurchase program. This authorization will expire on March 31, 2025 and is in addition to the repurchase authorization of up to $ 10.0 million to expire March 31, 2025 that was previously approved in January 2023.

 The repurchase program permits shares to be repurchased in the open market, by block purchase, in privately negotiated transactions, in one or more transactions from time to time, or pursuant to any trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5 - 1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act"). Open market purchases will be conducted in accordance with the limitations set forth in Rule 10b - 18 of the Exchange Act and other applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program may be suspended, terminated, extended or otherwise modified by the Board without notice at any time for any reason, including, without limitation, market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, capital and liquidity objectives, and other factors deemed appropriate by the Company's management.

 The following table summarizes the shares repurchased, total cost of shares repurchased and average price per share for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 and 2023. All repurchases were at market value.

 (in thousands, except price per share)

 2024

 2023

 Shares repurchased

 1,000

 1,333

 Total cost of shares repurchased

 $
 6,468

 $
 8,883

 Average price per share

 $
 6.47

 $
 6.66

 Note 17. Stock-Based Compensation

 Pursuant to the Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company granted stock-based awards to certain employees in the U.S. and U.K. All awards in the U.S. are restricted stock awards while awards granted to employees in the U.K. are stock options with exercise prices of $ 0.01. Regardless of where the awards were granted, the awards generally vest pursuant to one of the following conditions:

 ( 1)

 Time-based only – Awards vest in equal installments over a specified period.

 ( 2)

 $6 market-based and time-based vesting – Awards will vest as to first condition once the Company's stock reaches a closing price of $ 6.00 for 30 consecutive trading days. Once the first vesting condition is achieved, the stock award will then vest 1/3 annually over a three -year period.

 ( 3)

 $8 market-based and time-based vesting – Awards will vest as to first condition once the Company's stock reaches a closing price of $ 8.00 for 30 consecutive trading days. Once the first vesting condition is achieved, the stock award will then vest 1/3 annually over a three -year period.

 ( 4)

 $10 market-based and time-based vesting – Awards will vest as to first condition once the Company's stock reaches a closing price of $ 10.00 for 30 consecutive trading days. Once the first vesting condition is achieved, the stock award will then vest 1/3 annually over a three -year period.

 ( 5)
 Free cash flow ("FCF")-based and time-based vesting – Awards will vest as to first condition once the Company's achieves a specified FCF target as of the end of the financial year granted. The award will vest at a payout range of 0 % - 200 % of the target based on performance. Once the first vesting condition is achieved, the stock award will then vest 1/3 annually over a three -year period.

 ( 6)
 Total stockholder return ("TSR")-based and time-based vesting – Awards will vest as to first condition once the Company's achieves a specified TSR (Total Shareholder Return) target over a three -year period. The award will vest at a payout range of 0 % - 200 % of the target based on performance. Once the first vesting condition is achieved, the stock award will fully vest on its designated vesting date.

 During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company granted 146,184 TSR stock awards that have a market-based vesting condition. The Company estimates the fair value of the TSR awards on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

 2024

 Volatility of common stock

 34.4
 %

 Average volatility of peer companies

 52.8
 %

 Average correlation coefficient of peer companies

 0.2318

 Risk-free interest rate

 4.1
 %

 The Company does not pay a dividend therefore the dividend yield was set to zero in the model. The expected term for these awards granted is 2.77 years. No equity-based awards were granted during the remainder of fiscal 2024.

 The following table summarizes realized compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock awards in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations:

 Twelve Months Ended October 31,

 2024

 2023

 Compensation expense – stock options

 $

 $

 Compensation expense – restricted stock

 2,239

 3,382

 Total

 $
 2,394

 $
 3,847

 Stock Options

 The following tables summarize stock option activity for the year ended October 31, 2024:

 Options

 Weighted average grant date fair value

 Weighted average exercise price

 Outstanding stock options, October 31, 2022

 1,489,328

 $
 6.42

 $
 1.79

 Exercised

 ( 112,774
)

 $
 6.71

 $
 0.39

 Outstanding stock options, October 31, 2023

 1,376,554

 $
 6.40

 $
 1.90

 Granted

 79,787

 $
 8.29

 $
 0.01

 Cancelled/Forfeited

 ( 154,693
)

 $
 4.55

 $
 0.01

 Exercised

 ( 871,545
)

 $
 7.82

 $
 0.74

 Outstanding stock options, October 31, 2024

 430,103

 $
 3.98

 $
 4.59

 The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 5.4 million and $ 0.9 million, respectively. The Company realized $ 0.2 million and $ 0.1 million in tax benefits related to exercised stock options for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of October 31, 2024:

 Options Outstanding

 Options Exercisable

 Exercise price

 Number of options

 Weighted average exercise price

 Weighted average remaining contractual life (yrs)

 Aggregate Intrinsic Value

 Number of options

 Weighted average exercise price

 Weighted average remaining contractual life (yrs)

 Aggregate Intrinsic Value

 $
 0.01

 106,030

 $
 0.01

 7.2

 $

 58,302

 $
 0.01

 5.7

 $

 $
 6.09

 324,073

 $
 6.09

 1.3

 -

 324,073

 $
 6.09

 1.3

 -

 Total

 430,103

 $
 4.59

 2.8

 $

 382,375

 $
 5.16

 2.0

 $

 As of October 31, 2024, there was $ 0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options that is expected to be realized as an expense by the Company over 1.7 weighted average years.

 Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units

 The following table is a summary of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activity for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 Units

 Weighted average grant-date fair value

 Unvested as of October 31, 2022

 2,353,460

 5.14

 Granted

 16,007

 6.96

 Vested

 ( 788,275
)

 4.54

 Cancelled/Forfeited

 ( 35,947
)

 3.97

 Unvested as of October 31, 2023

 1,545,245

 5.49

 Granted (1)

 748,939

 8.28

 Vested

 ( 791,248
)

 4.58

 Cancelled/Forfeited

 ( 981,440
)

 4.81

 Unvested as of October 31, 2024

 521,496

 8.50

 ( 1) As of November 1, 2023, all new grants are restricted stock units. For restricted stock units, shares are not outstanding shares until the vesting date.

 As of October 31, 2024, there was $ 2.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock units that is expected to be realized as an expense by the Company over 1.7 weighted average years.

 The Company realized $ 1.4 million and $ 1.3 million in tax benefits related to restricted stock award vesting's for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 Note 18. Earnings Per Share

 The table below shows our basic and diluted EPS calculations for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 2024

 2023

 Net income (numerator):

 Net income attributable to Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc.

 $

 $

 Less: Accretion of liquidation preference on preferred stock

 ( 1,750
)

 ( 1,750
)

 Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

 ( 142
)

 ( 1,017
)

 Net income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic earnings per share)

 $
 14,315

 $
 29,023

 Add back: Undistributed earning allocated to participating securities

 1,017

 Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to participating securities

 ( 141
)

 ( 1,000
)

 Numerator for diluted earnings per share

 $
 14,316

 $
 29,040

 Weighted average shares (denominator):

 Weighted average shares - basic

 53,543

 53,276

 Weighted average shares - diluted

 54,238

 54,174

 Basic earnings per share

 $
 0.27

 $
 0.54

 Diluted earnings per share

 $
 0.26

 $
 0.54

 Certain outstanding stock awards and options, preferred stock and warrants were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the periods presented because they were anti-dilutive.

 For the twelve months ended October 31, 2024, 0.1 million of outstanding stock awards and options and 2.5 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock were excluded.

 For the twelve months ended October 31, 2023, 13.0 million warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $ 11.50, 1.1 million in outstanding stock awards and options, and 2.5 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock were excluded.

 Note 19. Employee Benefits Plan

 Retirement plans

 The Company offers a 401 (k) plan, which covers substantially all employees in the U.S., with the exception of certain union employees. Participating employees may elect to contribute, on a tax-deferred basis, a portion of their compensation, in accordance with Section 401 (k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company generally provides some form of a matching contribution for most employees in the U.S. Retirement plan contributions for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 1.5 million and $ 1.7 million respectively.

 Camfaud operates a Small Self-Administered Scheme ("SSAS"), which is the equivalent of a U.S. defined contribution pension plan. The assets of the plan are held separately from those of Camfaud in an independently administered fund. Contributions by Camfaud to the SSAS amounted to $ 0.5 million and $ 0.4 million for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 Multiemployer plans

 Our U.S. Concrete Pumping segment contributes to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements (CBAs) that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects: (a) Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers; (b) If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and (c) If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability. The Company has no intention of stopping our participation in any multiemployer plan.

 The following is a summary of our contributions to each multiemployer pension plan for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 California

 $
 1,612

 $

 Oregon

 Washington

 Total contributions

 $
 2,149

 $
 1,210

 No plan was determined to be individually significant. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of the contributions. The Company reviews the funded status of each multiemployer defined benefit pension plan at each reporting period to monitor the certified zone status for each of the multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. The zone status for the multiemployer defined benefit pension plan for California, Oregon and Washington were Green(greater than 80 percent funded).

 Government regulations impose certain requirements relative to multiemployer plans. In the event of plan termination or employer withdrawal, an employer may be liable for a portion of the plan's unfunded vested benefits. The Company has not received information from the plans' administrators to determine its share of unfunded vested benefits. The Company does not anticipate withdrawal from the plans, nor is it aware of any expected plan terminations.

 The "construction industry" exception generally delays the imposition of withdrawal liability in connection with an employer's withdrawal from a "construction industry" multiemployer plan unless and until that employer resumes covered operations in the relevant geographic region without a corresponding resumption of contributions to the multiemployer plan. If the construction industry exception applies, then it would delay the imposition of a withdrawal liability. The Company has no intention of withdrawing, in either a complete or partial withdrawal, from any of the multiemployer plans to which the Company currently contributes; however, it has been assessed a withdrawal liability in the past.

 Note 20. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

 The table below shows supplemental cash flow information as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 Supplemental cash flow information:

 Cash payments related to operating lease liabilities

 $
 5,076

 $
 5,278

 Cash paid for interest

 $
 23,925

 $
 26,498

 Cash paid for income taxes

 $
 3,420

 $

 Non-cash investing and financing activities:

 Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

 $
 7,152

 $
 6,669

 The table below shows property, plant and equipment acquired but not yet paid for as of October 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024

 2023

 Beginning of period:

 PP&E acquired but not yet paid

 $
 9,484

 $
 8,882

 End of period:

 PP&E acquired but not yet paid

 $
 1,591

 $
 9,484

 Note 21. Segment Reporting

 Any differences between segment reporting and consolidated results are reflected in Intersegment or Other below. All Other non-segmented assets primarily include cash and cash equivalents and intercompany eliminations. The accounting policies of the segment reporting are the same as those described in Note 2. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") evaluates the performance of each segment based on revenue, and measures segment performance based upon EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization).

 During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company moved certain assets and associated revenues and expenses previously part of the Company's Other activities into the U.S. Concrete Pumping segment based on the way our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") allocates resources and measures performance. As a result, segment results for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

 The table below shows changes from the recast of segment results for the twelve months ended October 31, 2023:

 Other

 As Previously Reported

 $
 41,870

 $

 Segment EBITDA

 $
 75,587

 $
 9,400

 Recast Adjustment

 $

 $
 ( 860
)

 Segment EBITDA

 $
 2,501

 $
 ( 2,501
)

 Current Report As Recast

 $
 42,730

 $
 -

 Segment EBITDA

 $
 78,088

 $
 6,899

 The following provides operating information about the Company's reportable segments for the periods presented:

 2024

 2023

 Revenue

 $
 291,017

 $
 317,877

 63,955

 62,588

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services - Third parties

 70,900

 61,776

 U.S. Concrete Waste Management Services - Intersegment

 Intersegment eliminations

 ( 418
)

 ( 629
)

 Total revenue

 $

 $

 $
 62,358

 $
 78,088

 16,465

 15,272

 28,040

 27,088

 Reportable segment EBITDA

 106,863

 120,448

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 ( 25,572
)

 ( 28,119
)

 Reportable depreciation and amortization

 ( 57,110
)

 ( 58,666
)

 Other

 6,899

 Total income before income taxes

 $
 24,311

 $
 40,562

 $
 40,092

 $
 42,730

 7,669

 7,535

 9,349

 8,401

 Total depreciation and amortization

 $
 57,110

 $
 58,666

 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 $
 22,823

 $
 25,294

 2,749

 2,825

 Total interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net of interest income

 $
 25,572

 $
 28,119

 Total capital expenditures

 $
 15,274

 $
 30,263

 12,181

 12,405

 13,665

 11,837

 Reportable segment capital expenditures

 41,120

 54,505

 Other

 2,690

 -

 Total capital expenditures

 $
 43,810

 $
 54,505

 As of

 As of

 2024

 2023

 Total Assets

 $
 718,218

 $
 698,905

 117,418

 119,123

 201,528

 181,382

 Reportable segment assets

 1,037,164

 999,410

 Other

 ( 139,174
)

 ( 94,885
)

 Total Assets

 $
 897,990

 $
 904,525

 The U.S. and U.K. were the only regions that accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue for the periods presented. There was no single customer that accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the periods presented. Revenues are attributable to countries based on the location of the customer.

 The total assets by geographic location is provided to the CODM and is presented below. Total revenue, total assets and property, plant and equipment, net by geographic location for the periods presented are as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Revenue by geography

 U.S.

 $
 361,917

 $
 379,653

 U.K.

 63,955

 62,588

 Total revenue

 $

 $

 As of

 As of

 2024

 2023

 Total Assets

 U.S.

 $
 780,572

 $
 785,402

 U.K.

 117,418

 119,123

 Total Assets

 $
 897,990

 $
 904,525

 U.S.

 $
 353,895

 $
 371,689

 U.K.

 61,831

 55,959

 $
 415,726

 $
 427,648

 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 None.

 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

 Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of October 31, 2024 (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

 Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of October 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

 Management ' s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2024, utilizing the criteria described in the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission's Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, our management concluded that, as of October 31, 2024, the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective.

 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, which has audited the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended October 31, 2024 included in the Annual Report, has issued its report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2024, as stated in their report which appears under Item 8 of this Annual Report.

 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended October 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 Item 9B. Other Information

 (a) None.

 (b) None.

 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Not applicable.

 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Information not disclosed below that is required with respect to directors, executive officers, filings under Section 16(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and corporate governance is incorporated herein by reference, when filed, from our definitive proxy statement (the "Proxy Statement") for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

 We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code of Ethics") that applies to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted our Code of Ethics on our website ( and will post on such website any amendments to, or waivers from, a provision of the Code of Ethics applying to an executive officer or director when required by applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations.

 Item 11. Executive Compensation

 Information required to be set forth hereunder has been omitted and will be incorporated by reference, when filed, from our Proxy Statement.

 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Information required to be set forth hereunder has been omitted and will be incorporated by reference, when filed, from our Proxy Statement.

 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Information required to be set forth hereunder has been omitted and will be incorporated by reference, when filed, from our Proxy Statement.

 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Information required to be set forth hereunder has been omitted and will be incorporated by reference, when filed, from our Proxy Statement.

 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 (1) Financial Statements and Schedules

 The audited consolidated financial statements of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as required to be filed, are included under Item 8 of this Annual Report. Other schedules have been omitted as they are not applicable or the required information is set forth in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 (2) Exhibits

 The documents set forth below are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference to the location indicated.

 Exhibit
 No.

 Description

 3.1

 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 3.2

 Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 3.3

 Certificate of Designations (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 4.1

 Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 4.5

 Description of Capital Stock. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38166), filed Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc, on January 14, 2020).

 4.6

 Indenture, dated January 28, 2021, among Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., as issuer, Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc., as a guarantor, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp., as a guarantor and the other guarantors form time to time party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2021).

 4.7

 Form of 6.000% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2026 (included in Exhibit 4.1).

 10.7

 Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated January 28, 2021, among Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., as borrower, Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc., as holdings, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp., the other loan parties from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, Wells Fargo Capital Finance (UK) Limited, as UK security agent, and the lenders and issuing banks from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed on February 1, 2021).

 10.8

 First Amendment to Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated September 30, 2021, among Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., as Borrower, Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc., as Holdings, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp., the other loan parties from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, Wells Fargo Capital Finance (UK) Limited, as UK security agent, and the lenders and issuing banks from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38166), filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc, on January 12, 2022).

 10.9

 Stockholders Agreement, dated December 6, 2018, by and among Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. (f/k/a Concrete Pumping Holdings Acquisition Corp.) and the Investors party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 10.10

 First Amendment to Stockholders Agreement, dated April 1, 2019, among Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and the signatories thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-230673) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on April 1, 2019).

 10.11

 Letter Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2018, by and between Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. (f/k/a Concrete Pumping Holdings Acquisition Corp.) and Nuveen Alternative Advisors, LLC, on behalf of one or more funds and accounts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 10.12

 Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on December 10, 2018).

 10.13*

 Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended April 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on April 27, 2023).

 10.14*

 Form of first amended stock award agreement for executives (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Current Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on January 12, 2021).

 10.15*

 Form of second amended stock award agreement for executives (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on January 12, 2021).

 10.16*

 Employment Agreement by and between Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc. and Bruce Young, dated July 11, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-227259) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on October 22, 2018).

 10.17*

 Employment Agreement by and between Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping, Inc. and Iain Humphries, dated August 4, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-227259) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on October 22, 2018).

 10.18

 Settlement Agreement and Release, dated as of October 30, 2020, by and between (i) Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings, and (ii) PGP Investors, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166), filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on October 30, 2020).

 10.19

 Second Amendment to Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated July 29, 2022, among Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., as Borrower, Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc., as Holdings, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp., the other loan parties from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, Wells Fargo Capital Finance (UK) Limited, as UK security agent, and the lenders and issuing banks from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on August 1, 2022).

 10.20

 Third Amendment to Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, dated June 1, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on June 5, 2023).

 10.21

 Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement and First Amendment to Amended and Restated US Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated September 6, 2024, among Brundage-Bone Concrete Pumping Holdings Inc., as Borrower, Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc., as Holdings, Concrete Pumping Intermediate Acquisition Corp., the other loan parties from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, Wells Fargo Capital Finance (UK) Limited, as UK security agent, and the lenders and issuing banks from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38166) filed by Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. on September 9, 2024).

 19.1

 Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. Insider Trading Policy

 21.1

 Subsidiaries of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc.

 23.1

 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP.

 31.1

 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a).

 31.2

 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a).

 32.1

 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

 32.2

 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

 97.1

 Policy relating to recovery of erroneously awarded compensation, as required by Nasdaq listing standards adopted pursuant to 17 CFR 240.10D-1

 101.INS

 101.SCH

 101.CAL

 101.DEF

 101.LAB

 101.PRE

 *

 Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

 None.

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 CONCRETE PUMPING HOLDINGS, INC.

 By:

 /s/ Iain Humphries

 Name: Iain Humphries

 Title: Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

 Dated: January 10, 2025

 POWER OF ATTORNEY

 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Bruce Young and Iain Humphries, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power to act separately and full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-facts and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as they or he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or either of them or his or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 This Power of Attorney shall not revoke any powers of attorney previously executed by the undersigned. This Power of Attorney shall not be revoked by any subsequent power of attorney that the undersigned may execute, unless such subsequent power of attorney specifically provides that it revokes this Power of Attorney by referring to the date of the undersigned's execution of this Power of Attorney. For the avoidance of doubt, whenever two or more powers of attorney granting the powers specified herein are valid, the agents appointed on each shall act separately unless otherwise specified.

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Concrete Pumping Holdings, Inc. and in the capacities indicated, on January 10, 2025.

 /s/ Bruce Young

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Bruce Young

 (principal executive officer)

 /s/ Iain Humphries

 Chief Financial Officer and Director

 Iain Humphries

 (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

 /s/ Howard D. Morgan

 Chairman of the Board

 Howard D. Morgan

 /s/ Brian Hodges

 Vice Chairman of the Board

 Brian Hodges

 /s/ Raymond Cheesman

 Raymond Cheesman

 /s/ Heather L. Faust

 Heather L. Faust

 /s/ David G. Hall

 David G. Hall

 /s/ Tom Armstrong

 Tom Armstrong

 /s/ Stephen Alarcon

 Stephen Alarcon

 /s/ Ryan Beres

 Ryan Beres

 /s/ John Piecuch

 John Piecuch

 /s/ M. Brent Stevens

 M. Brent Stevens