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 UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-K

 (Mark one)

 Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024

 OR

 Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 For the transition period from to.

 Commission File No. 033-79130

 CONSUMERS BANCORP, INC.

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 Ohio

 34-1771400

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 614 East Lincoln Way,

 P.O. Box 256, Minerva, Ohio 44657

 ( 330) 868-7701

 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant' s principal executive offices)

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 Common Shares, no par value

 (Title of each class)

 (Trading Symbol(s))

 (Name of each exchange on which registered)

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

 Based on the closing sales price on December 31, 2023, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $ 46,964,879.

 The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's common stock, no par value, was 3,123,588 at September 6, 2024.

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 Certain specifically designated portions of Consumers Bancorp, Inc.'s definitive Proxy Statement, dated September 6, 2024, for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 PART I.

 Item 1—Business

 Item 1A—Risk Factors

 Item 1B—Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C—Cybersecurity

 Item 2—Properties

 Item 3—Legal Proceedings

 Item 4—Mine Safety Disclosures

 PART II.

 Item 5—Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6—[Reserved]

 Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9—Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A—Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B—Other Information

 Item 9C—Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 PART III.

 Item 10—Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11—Executive Compensation

 Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14—Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 PART IV.

 Item 15—Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16—Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 Item 1 — Business

 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 General

 Consumers Bancorp, Inc. (Company) is a bank holding company as defined under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (BHCA), and is a registered bank holding company under that act and was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio in 1994. In February 1995, the Company acquired all the issued and outstanding capital stock of Consumers National Bank (Bank), a bank chartered under the laws of the United States of America. The Company's activities have been limited primarily to holding the common stock of the Bank.

 Consumers National Bank is a community-oriented financial institution that offers a wide range of commercial and consumer loan and deposit products, as well as mortgage, financial planning and investment services to individuals, farmers and small and medium sized businesses in our markets. Since 1965, the Bank's main office has been serving Minerva, Ohio, and surrounding areas from its location at 614 East Lincoln Way, Minerva, Ohio. The Bank seeks to be the provider of choice for financial solutions to customers who value exceptional personalized service, local decision making, and modern banking technology. The Bank's business involves attracting deposits from businesses and individual customers and using such deposits to originate commercial, mortgage and consumer loans in its market area, consisting primarily of Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Mahoning, Stark, and Summit counties in Ohio. Its market includes these counties as well as the contiguous counties in northeast Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank had 21 full-service branch locations and one loan production office. The Bank also invests in securities consisting primarily of obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, municipal obligations, and mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government sponsored entities.

 Supervision and Regulation

 The Company and the Bank are subject to regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and other federal and state regulators. The regulatory framework is intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole and not for the protection of shareholders and creditors. Earnings and dividends of the Company are affected by state and federal laws and regulations and by policies of various regulatory authorities. Changes in applicable law or in the policies of various regulatory authorities could affect materially the business and prospects of the Company and the Bank. The following describes selected federal and state statutory and regulatory provisions that have, or could have, a material impact on the Company. The following discussion of supervision and regulation is qualified in its entirety by reference to the statutory and regulatory provisions discussed.

 Regulation of the Company

 The Bank Holding Company Act: As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation under the BHCA, and the examination and reporting requirements of the Federal Reserve Board. Under the BHCA, the Company is subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve Board and is required to file periodic reports regarding its operations and any additional information that the Federal Reserve Board may require.

 The BHCA generally limits the activities of a bank holding company to banking, managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries and engaging in any other activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be so closely related to banking or to managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident to those activities. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, the BHCA requires every bank holding company to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve Board prior to acquiring substantially all the assets of any bank, acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of a bank or merging or consolidating with another bank holding company.

 Under Federal Reserve Board policy, a bank holding company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to each subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support those subsidiary banks. Under this policy, the Federal Reserve Board may require a bank holding company to contribute additional capital to an undercapitalized subsidiary bank and may disapprove of the payment of dividends to shareholders if the Federal Reserve Board believes the payment of such dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice. The Federal Reserve Board has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices.

 Privacy Provisions of Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act: The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 contains extensive provisions on a customer's right to privacy of non-public personal information. Under these provisions, a financial institution must provide its customers with the institution's policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers' non-public personal information. Except in certain cases, an institution may not provide personal information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses that such information may be disclosed, and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. The Company and the Bank are also subject to certain state laws that deal with the use and distribution of non-public personal information.

 Sarbanes-Oxley Act: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 contains important requirements for public companies in the areas of financial disclosure and corporate governance. In accordance with section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, written certifications by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are required. These certifications attest that the Company's quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact.

 Regulation of the Bank

 As a national bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision, and examination by the OCC and by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). These examinations are designed primarily for the protection of the depositors of the Bank.

 Dividend Restrictions: Dividends from the Bank are the primary source of funds for payment of dividends to the Company's shareholders. There are statutory limits, however, on the amount of dividends the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. Under regulations promulgated by the OCC, the Bank may not declare a dividend in excess of its undivided profits. Additionally, the Bank may not declare a dividend if the total amount of all dividends, including the proposed dividend, declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of its retained net income of that year to date, combined with its retained net income of the two preceding years, unless the dividend is approved by the OCC. The Bank may not declare or pay any dividend if, after making the dividend, the Bank would be "undercapitalized," as defined in the federal regulations.

 FDIC: The FDIC is an independent federal agency, which insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings associations up to certain prescribed limits and safeguards the safety and soundness of financial institutions. The deposits of the Bank are subject to the deposit insurance assessments of the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC. Under the FDIC's deposit insurance assessment system, the assessment rate for any insured institution varies according to regulatory capital levels of the institution and other factors such as supervisory evaluations.

 The FDIC is authorized to prohibit any insured institution from engaging in any activity that poses a serious threat to the insurance fund and may initiate enforcement actions against banks, after first giving the institution's primary regulatory authority an opportunity to take such action. The FDIC may also terminate the deposit insurance of any institution that has engaged in or is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, order or condition imposed by the FDIC.

 Current Expected Credit Loss Model: In December 2018, the OCC, the Federal Reserve Board, and the FDIC issued a final rule to address regulatory treatment of credit loss allowances under the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. The rule revised the federal banking agencies' regulatory capital rules to identify which credit loss allowances under the CECL model are eligible for inclusion in regulatory capital and to provide banking organizations the option to phase in over three years the day one adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the CECL model. The Bank adopted the CECL model on July 1, 2023 since it's a smaller reporting company and elected to phase in the day-one effect of adopting CECL for regulatory capital purposes.

 Risk-Based Capital Requirements: The Federal Reserve Board and the OCC employ similar risk-based capital guidelines in their examination and regulation of bank holding companies and national banks, respectively. The Company meets the definition of a Small Bank Holding Company and, therefore, was exempt from maintaining consolidated regulatory capital ratios. Instead, regulatory capital ratios only apply at the subsidiary bank level. The guidelines involve a process of assigning various risk weights to different classes of assets, then evaluating the sum of the risk-weighted balance sheet structure against the capital base. If capital falls below the minimum levels established by the guidelines, the bank holding company or bank may be denied approval to acquire or establish additional banks or non-bank businesses or to open new facilities. In addition, failure to satisfy capital guidelines could subject a banking institution to a variety of enforcement actions by federal bank regulatory authorities, including the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC and a prohibition on the acceptance of "brokered deposits."

 Effective January 1, 2020, qualifying community banking organizations may elect to comply with a greater than 9% community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) requirement in lieu of the currently applicable requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios. The CBLR is equal to Tier 1 capital divided by average total consolidated assets. In order to qualify for the CBLR election, a community bank must (i) have a leverage capital ratio greater than 9 percent, (ii) have less than $10 billion in average total consolidated assets, (iii) not exceed certain levels of off-balance sheet exposure and trading assets plus trading liabilities and (iv) not be an advanced approaches banking organization. A community bank that meets the above qualifications and elects to utilize the CBLR is considered to have satisfied the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally applicable capital rules and is also considered to be "well capitalized" under the prompt corrective action rules. The Bank has not elected to be subject to the CBLR.

 Unless a community bank qualifies for, and elects to comply with the CBLR beginning on January 1, 2020, national banks are required to maintain the Basel III minimum levels of regulatory capital. The Basel III capital requirements for U.S. banking organizations became effective on January 1, 2015 and were fully phased in by January 1, 2019. Under Basel III, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, a total capital ratio of 8%, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. Basel III also established a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which effectively resulted in a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, a total capital ratio of 10.5% and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 6.5%. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a common equity Tier 1 ratio to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

 The OCC and the FDIC may take various corrective actions against any undercapitalized bank and any bank that fails to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan or fails to implement a plan accepted by the OCC or the FDIC. These powers include, but are not limited to, requiring the institution to be recapitalized, prohibiting asset growth, restricting interest rates paid, requiring prior approval of capital distributions by any bank holding company that controls the institution, requiring divestiture by the institution of its subsidiaries or by the holding company of the institution itself, requiring new election of directors, and requiring the dismissal of directors and officers. The OCC's final supervisory judgment concerning an institution's capital adequacy could differ significantly from the conclusions that might be derived from the absolute level of an institution's risk-based capital ratios. Therefore, institutions generally are expected to maintain risk-based capital ratios that exceed the minimum ratios. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank exceeded minimum regulatory capital requirements to be considered well-capitalized.

 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which regulates consumer financial products and services and certain financial services providers. The CFPB is authorized to prevent unfair, deceptive and abusive acts or practices and seeks to ensure consistent enforcement of laws so that consumers have access to fair, transparent and competitive markets for consumer financial products and services. Since it was established the CFPB has exercised extensive rulemaking and interpretive authority.

 Interstate Banking and Branching: The Interstate Banking and Branch Efficiency Act of 1995 has eased restrictions on interstate expansion and consolidation of banking operations by, among other things: (i) permitting interstate bank acquisitions regardless of host state laws, (ii) permitting interstate merger of banks unless specific states have opted out of this provision, and (iii) permitting banks to establish new branches outside the state provided the law of the host state specifically allows interstate bank branching.

 Community Reinvestment Act: The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) requires depository institutions to assist in meeting the credit needs of their market areas, including low- and moderate-income areas, consistent with safe and sound banking practices. Under this Act, each institution is required to adopt a statement for each of its market areas describing the depository institution's efforts to assist in its community's credit needs. Depository institutions are periodically examined for compliance and assigned ratings. Banking regulators consider these ratings when considering approval of a proposed transaction by an institution. The Bank's most recent CRA rating is satisfactory.

 USA PATRIOT Act: In 2001, Congress enacted the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Patriot Act). The Patriot Act is designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the United States' financial system and has significant implications for depository institutions, brokers, dealers, and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The Patriot Act mandates that financial services companies implement additional policies and procedures with respect to additional measures designed to address any or all the following matters: money laundering, terrorist financing, identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions, and currency crimes.

 The Anit-Money Laundering Act: In 2021, Congress enacted the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AMLA), which amended the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (BSA). The AMLA is intended to be a comprehensive reform and modernization to U.S. bank secrecy and anti-money laundering laws. Among other things, the AMLA codifies a risk-based approach to anti-money laundering compliance for financial institutions; requires the development of standards for evaluating technology and internal processes for BSA compliance; expands enforcement-related and investigation-related authority, including increasing available sanctions for certain BSA violations and instituting BSA whistleblower initiatives and protections.

 Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation: The U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes, under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. We are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of, and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious financial, legal and reputational consequences, including applicable bank regulatory authorities not approving merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or prohibiting such transactions even if approval is not required. Regulatory authorities have imposed cease and desist orders and civil money penalties against institutions found to be violating these obligations.

 Cybersecurity: In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution's management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution's operations after a cyberattack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyberattack.

 In February 2018, the SEC published interpretive guidance to assist public companies in preparing disclosures about cybersecurity risks and incidents. These SEC guidelines are in addition to notification and disclosure requirements under state and federal banking law and regulations. In addition, in July 2023, the SEC issued a final rule that requires disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents, as well as cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance. Under this rule, banking organizations that are SEC registrants must disclose information about any material cybersecurity incident within four business days of determining such incident is material and provide periodic updates as to the status of the incident in subsequent filings as necessary.

 In November 2021, the OCC, the FRB and the FDIC issued a final rule, which became effective in May 2022, requiring banking organizations that experience a computer-security incident to notify certain entities. A computer-security incident occurs when actual or potential harm to the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information system or the information occurs, or there is a violation or imminent threat of a violation to banking security policies and procedures. The affected bank must notify its respective federal regulator of the computer-security incident as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours after the bank determines a computer-security incident that rises to the level of a notification event has occurred. These notifications are intended to promote early awareness of threats to banking organizations and will help banks react to those threats before they manifest into larger incidents. This rule also requires bank service providers to notify their bank organization customers of a computer-security incident that has caused, or is reasonably likely to cause, a material service disruption or degradation.

 Furthermore, once administrative rules are adopted by the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act enacted in March 2022, will require certain covered entities, including those in the financial services industry, to report a covered cyber incident to CISA within 72 hours once the covered entity reasonably believes an incident has occurred. Separate reporting to CISA will also be required within 24 hours if a ransom payment is made as a result of a ransomware attack.

 State regulators have also been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification, information security and data privacy requirements. We expect this trend of state-level activity in those areas to continue and we are monitoring developments in the states in which our customers are located.

 Environmental Regulation: Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has not had a material effect upon the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company. In the opinion of management, the Company does not have exposure to material costs associated with compliance with environmental laws and regulations or material expenditures related to environmental hazardous waste mitigation or cleanup.

 The Company believes its primary exposure to environmental risk is through the lending activities of the Bank. In cases where management believes environmental risk potentially exists, we mitigate our environmental risk exposure by requiring environmental site assessments at the time of loan origination to confirm collateral quality as to commercial real estate parcels posing higher than normal potential for environmental impact, as determined by reference to present and past uses of the subject property and adjacent sites. In addition, environmental assessments are typically required prior to any foreclosure activity involving non-residential real estate collateral.

 Government Monetary Policy: The earnings of the Company are affected by general and local economic conditions and by the policies of various governmental regulatory authorities. In particular, the Federal Reserve Board regulates money and credit conditions and interest rates to influence general economic conditions, primarily through open market acquisitions or dispositions of United States Government securities, varying the discount rate on member bank borrowings and setting reserve requirements against member and nonmember bank deposits. Federal Reserve Board monetary policies have had a significant effect on the interest income and interest expense of commercial banks, including the Bank, and are expected to continue to do so in the future.

 Executive and Incentive Compensation: Under the Dodd-Frank Act and rules adopted by the SEC in October 2022, public companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Market are now required to adopt and implement "clawback" policies for incentive compensation payments and to disclose the details of the procedures for recovery of incentive compensation that was paid on the basis of erroneous financial information necessitating an accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements. Such clawback policies are intended to apply to compensation paid within the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date the issuer is required to prepare a restatement and would cover all executives (including former executives) who received incentive awards. The Company is not listed on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Market and, therefore, not required to adopt a clawback policy. However, the Company implemented a clawback policy on December 13, 2018, which was further revised and adopted by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors effective March 12, 2024.

 Employees

 As of June 30, 2024, the Bank employed 169 full-time and 22 part-time employees. None of the employees are represented by a collective bargaining group. Management considers its relations with employees to be good.

 Available Information

 The Company files annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We file electronically with the SEC.

 The Company's reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are available, free of charge, on our website (www.consumers.bank) as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with or furnished to the SEC. The Company's Code of Ethics Policy, which is applicable to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, and its Code of Ethics for Principal Financial Officers, which is applicable to the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, are each available on the Investor Relations section under Corporate Governance of the Company's website. The Company intends to post amendments to or waivers from either of its Code of Ethics Policies on its website. A printed copy of any of these documents will be provided to any requesting shareholder.

 Item 1A — Risk Factors

 Not applicable for Smaller Reporting Companies.

 Item 1B — Unresolved Staff Comments

 None.

 Item 1C — Cybersecurity

 Risk Management and Strategy

 Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to identify, assess, and mitigate risks across various aspects of our company, including financial, operational, regulatory, reputational, and legal. Cybersecurity is a critical component of this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and the potential cyber threats. Our Chief Information Officer and Information Technology Security Officer are primarily responsible for the cybersecurity component and are key members of the risk management organization.

 Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our systems or information. The structure of our information security program is designed around the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework, regulatory guidance, and other industry standards. In addition, we leverage certain industry and government associations, third-party benchmarking, audits, and threat intelligence feeds to facilitate and promote program effectiveness. The information security program is periodically reviewed by personnel with the goal of addressing changing threats and conditions.

 We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive strategy when deploying new products, services, and technology. We leverage people, processes, and technology as part of our efforts to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We also employ a variety of preventative and detective tools designed to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on suspected advanced persistent threats. We have established processes and systems designed to mitigate cyber risk, including regular and on-going education and training for employees, preparedness simulations and tabletop exercises, and recovery and resilience tests. We engage in regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems, and network architecture. We also maintain a third-party risk management program designed to identify, assess, and manage risks, including cybersecurity risks, associated with external service providers. We also actively monitor our email gateways for malicious phishing email campaigns and monitor remote connections as a portion of our workforce has the option to work remotely. We leverage internal and external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review our processes, systems, and controls, including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness and make recommendations to strengthen our risk management program.

 We maintain an Incident Response Plan that provides a documented framework for responding to actual or potential cybersecurity incidents, including timely notification of and escalation to the Risk & Technology Committee of our board of directors. The Incident Response Plan is coordinated through the Information Technology Security Officer and is evaluated at least annually.

 Notwithstanding our defensive measures and processes, the threat posed by cyber-attacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume, and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive measures. Our internal systems, processes, and controls are designed to mitigate loss from cyber-attacks and, while to date, we have not detected a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, our systems and those of its customers and third-party service providers are under constant threat and it is possible that we could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as the expanding use of internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by the Company and its customers.

 Governance

 Our Information Security Program consists of policies, procedures, risk assessments, monitoring, reporting and training to ensure the security, availability, and confidentiality of systems and customer information. The Information Security Program is led by our Information Technology Security Officer and is subject to oversight by the Risk & Technology Committee.

 The Risk & Technology Committee of our board of directors is responsible for overseeing our information security and technology programs, including management's actions to identify, assess, mitigate, and remediate or prevent material cybersecurity issues and risks. Our Information Technology Security Officer and our Chief Information Officer provide quarterly reports to the Risk & Technology Committee of our board of directors regarding the information security and technology programs, key enterprise cybersecurity initiatives, and other matters relating to cybersecurity processes. The Risk & Technology Committee of our board of directors reviews and approves our Information Security Program and strategies annually. Additionally, the Information Technology Security Officer provides a cybersecurity report to the full board of directors at each board meeting.

 Item 2 — Properties

 The Bank operates 21 full-service banking facilities and one loan production office (LPO) as noted below:

 Location

 Address

 Owned

 Leased

 Adena

 9 East Main Street, Adena, Ohio 43901

 X

 Alliance

 610 West State Street, Alliance, Ohio 44601

 X

 Bergholz

 256 2nd Street, Bergholz, Ohio 43908

 X

 Brewster

 210 Wabash Ave S, Brewster, Ohio 44613

 X

 Calcutta

 49028 Foulks Drive, Calcutta, Ohio 43920

 X

 Carrollton

 1017 Canton Road NW, Carrollton, Ohio 44615

 X

 Dillonvale

 44 Smithfield Street, Dillonvale, Ohio 43917

 X

 East Canton

 440 W. Noble, East Canton, Ohio 44730

 X

 Fairlawn

 3680 Embassy Parkway Suite B, Fairlawn, Ohio 44333

 X

 Green

 4086 Massillon Road, Green, Ohio 44685

 X

 Hanoverton

 30034 Canal Street, P.O. Box 178, Hanoverton, Ohio 44423

 X

 Hartville

 1215 W. Maple Street, Hartville, Ohio 44632

 X

 Jackson-Belden

 4026 Dressler Road NW, Canton, Ohio 44718

 X

 Lisbon

 7985 Dickey Drive, Lisbon, Ohio 44432

 X

 Louisville

 1111 N. Chapel Street, Louisville, Ohio 44641

 X

 Malvern

 4070 Alliance Road, Malvern, Ohio 44644

 X

 Minerva

 614 E. Lincoln Way, P.O. Box 256, Minerva, Ohio 44657

 X

 Mount Pleasant

 298 Union Street, Mount Pleasant, Ohio 43939

 X

 Salem

 141 S. Ellsworth Avenue, P.O. Box 798, Salem, Ohio 44460

 X

 Waynesburg

 8607 Waynesburg Drive SE, P.O. Box 746, Waynesburg, Ohio 44688

 X

 Wellsville

 565 Main Street, Wellsville, Ohio 43968

 X

 Boardman LPO

 725 Boardman-Canfield Road, Building 1, Boardman, Ohio 44512

 X

 The Bank considers its physical properties to be in good operating condition and suitable for the purposes for which they are being used. In management's opinion, all properties owned and operated by the Bank are adequately insured.

 Item 3 — Legal Proceedings

 The Company is not a party to any pending material legal or administrative proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business of the Company. Further, there are no material legal proceedings in which any director, executive officer, principal shareholder or affiliate of the Company is a party or has a material interest therein that is adverse to the Company. No routine litigation in which the Company is involved is expected to have a material adverse impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

 Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures

 None.

 Item 5 — Market for Registrant ' s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 The Company had 3,123,588 common shares outstanding on June 30, 2024, with 690 shareholders of record and an estimated 870 additional beneficial holders whose stock was held in nominee name. Attention is directed to Item 12 in this Form 10-K for information regarding the Company's equity incentive plans, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

 The common shares of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. are quoted on the OTCQX Best Market under the symbol CBKM. The following quoted market prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without adjustments for retail markups, markdowns, or commissions and may not represent actual transactions. The market prices represent highs and lows reported during the applicable quarterly period.

 Quarter Ended

 September 30,

 2023

 December 31,

 2023

 March 31,

 2024

 2024

 High

 $

 18.55

 $

 17.50

 $

 17.71

 $

 17.70

 Low

 16.50

 15.05

 16.00

 15.75

 Cash dividends paid per share

 0.18

 0.18

 0.18

 0.18

 Quarter Ended

 September 30,

 2022

 December 31,

 2022

 March 31,

 2023

 2023

 High

 $

 21.00

 $

 21.00

 $

 20.45

 $

 18.50

 Low

 18.20

 17.90

 17.21

 15.83

 Cash dividends paid per share

 0.17

 0.17

 0.17

 0.17

 Management does not have knowledge of the prices paid in all transactions and has not verified the accuracy of those prices that have been reported. Because of the lack of an established market for the Company's common shares, these prices may not reflect the prices at which the common shares would trade in an active market.

 The Company's management is currently committed to continuing to pay regular cash dividends; however, there can be no assurance as to future dividends because they are dependent on the Company's future earnings, capital requirements and financial condition. The Company's principal source of funds for dividend payment is dividends received from the Bank. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval of regulatory agencies. Under these regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year's net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years, subject to the capital requirements described above. See Note 1 and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for dividend restrictions.

 There were no repurchases of the Company's securities during fiscal year 2024.

 Item 7 — Management ' s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 General

 The following is management's analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations as of and for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. This discussion is designed to provide a more comprehensive review of the operating results and financial position than could be obtained from an examination of the financial statements alone. This analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes and the selected financial data included elsewhere in this report.

 Forward-Looking Statements

 Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are not statements of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "may," "continue," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "seek," "will," "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, may be beyond our control, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in such statements. Any such forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this report or the respective dates of the relevant incorporated documents, as the case may be, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected include, but are not limited to:

 changes in local, regional and national economic conditions becoming less favorable than we expect, resulting in a deterioration in asset credit quality or debtors being unable to meet their obligations because of high unemployment rates and inflationary pressures;

 rapid fluctuations in market interest rates could result in changes in fair market valuations and a decline in net interest income;

 changes in the level of non-performing assets and charge-offs;

 unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including, but not limited to, changes in the cost of liquidity and our ability to find alternative funding sources;

 competitive pressures on product pricing and services;

 the effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities, and insurance) with which we must comply;

 the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board;

 breaches of security or failures of our technology systems due to technological or other factors and cybersecurity threats;

 changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

 declining asset values impacting the underlying value of collateral;

 changes in accounting policies, rules and interpretations;

 our ability to attract and retain qualified employees; and

 changes in the reliability of our vendors, internal control systems or information systems.

 The risks and uncertainties identified above are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may adversely affect us. Should any known or unknown risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, those developments could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 Overview

 Consumers Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio, owns all the issued and outstanding capital stock of Consumers National Bank, a bank chartered under the laws of the United States of America. The Company's activities have been limited primarily to holding the common stock of the Bank. The Bank's business involves attracting deposits from businesses and individual customers and using such deposits to originate commercial, mortgage and consumer loans in its market area, consisting primarily of Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Mahoning, Stark, and Summit counties in Ohio. Its market includes these counties as well as the contiguous counties in northeast Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia. The Bank also invests in securities consisting primarily of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, municipal obligations, agency issued mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations.

 Net Income. Net income was $8,580 for fiscal year 2024 compared with $10,674 for fiscal year 2023. The following key factors summarize our results of operations for the year ended June 30, 2024 compared with the same prior year period:

 net interest income decreased by $1,723, or 5.1%, in fiscal year 2024, primarily as a result of the rapid increase in short-term market rates in 2022 and 2023 causing interest bearing liabilities to reprice faster than interest earning assets;

 a $556 provision for credit losses on loans and a $63 provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments was recorded during fiscal year 2024 compared with $855 provision for loan losses during fiscal year 2023;

 noninterest income increased by $149, or 3.1%, in fiscal year 2024 from the same prior year period primarily as a result of an increase in debit card interchange income of $131, or 6.0%, an increase in service charges on deposit accounts of $86, or 5.4%, which were partially offset by a $80 loss on the sale of available-for-sale securities so the proceeds could be reinvested at higher market rates; and

 total other expenses increased by $1,159, or 4.7%, in fiscal year 2024 due to increases in salaries, software expenses, FDIC insurance assessments, and debit card processing expenses.

 Return on average equity and return on average assets were 14.95% and 0.80%, respectively, for fiscal year 2024 compared with 20.27% and 1.05%, respectively, for the same period last year.

 Net Interest Income. Net interest income, the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, is the largest component of the Company's earnings. Net interest income is affected by changes in the volumes, rates and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, prevailing economic conditions, fiscal and monetary policies, and the policies of various regulatory agencies all affect market rates of interest and the availability and cost of credit, which, in turn, can significantly affect net interest income.

 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis (FTE) by total interest-earning assets. FTE income includes tax-exempt income, restated to a pre-tax equivalent, based on the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0%. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accruing loans are included in average loan balances and average securities include unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, while yields are based on average amortized cost. In fiscal year 2024, the taxable equivalent adjustment to net interest income was negative since the interest expense attributable to carrying tax exempt securities is not deductible.

 Net Interest Income Year ended June 30,

 2024

 2023

 Net interest income

 $

 31,992

 $

 33,715

 Taxable equivalent adjustment to net interest income

 (293

)

 Net interest income, fully taxable equivalent

 $

 31,699

 $

 33,919

 Net interest margin

 3.03

 %

 3.35

 %

 Taxable equivalent adjustment

 (0.03

)

 0.02

 Net interest margin, fully taxable equivalent

 3.00

 %

 3.37

 %

 FTE net interest income for fiscal year 2024 was $31,699, a decrease of $2,220 or 6.5%, from $33,919 in fiscal year 2023. The Company's tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.00% for fiscal year 2024 and 3.37% for fiscal year 2023. FTE interest income for fiscal year 2024 was $48,925, an increase of $7,782, or 18.9%, from fiscal year 2023, primarily because of a 55-basis point increase in the yield on interest earning assets and a $44,481, or 4.6%, increase in average interest-earning assets from fiscal year 2023. The Company's yield on average interest-earning assets was 4.64% for the 2024 fiscal year compared with 4.09% for the same period last year. The growth in average interest-earning assets was primarily a result of a $70,533, or 10.7%, increase in average loans.

 Interest expense for fiscal year 2024 was $17,226, an increase of $10,002 from fiscal year 2023 primarily because of an increase in deposit and short-term borrowing costs as a result of higher market interest rates and increased competition for deposits. The Company's average cost of funds was 2.25% for fiscal year 2024 compared with 1.03% for the same prior year period.

 Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Margin

 2024

 2023

 Balance

 Yield/

 Rate

 Balance

 Yield/

 Rate

 Interest earning assets:

 Taxable securities

 $

 204,707

 $

 5,985

 2.53

 %

 $

 209,906

 $

 5,338

 2.24

 %

 Nontaxable securities (1)

 68,973

 1,524

 1.98

 84,023

 2,459

 2.67

 Loan receivables (1)

 732,696

 40,899

 5.58

 662,163

 32,757

 4.95

 Federal bank and other restricted stocks

 2,289

 8.04

 2,360

 6.31

 8.55

 8.59

 Interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold

 6,384

 4.70

 12,118

 3.36

 Total interest earning assets

 1,015,435

 48,925

 4.64

 %

 970,954

 41,143

 4.09

 %

 Noninterest earning assets

 58,630

 48,917

 Total assets

 $

 1,074,065

 $

 1,019,871

 Interest bearing liabilities:

 Interest bearing demand

 $

 145,862

 $

 1,260

 0.86

 %

 $

 157,508

 $

 1,128

 0.72

 %

 Savings

 336,417

 5,184

 1.54

 352,897

 2,513

 0.71

 Time deposits

 244,803

 9,768

 3.99

 156,357

 3,019

 1.93

 27,041

 2.60

 22,603

 1.76

 FHLB advances

 12,227

 2.55

 10,019

 1.67

 Total interest-bearing liabilities

 766,350

 17,226

 2.25

 %

 699,384

 7,224

 1.03

 %

 Noninterest-bearing liabilities

 250,306

 267,837

 Total liabilities

 1,016,656

 967,221

 Shareholders' equity

 57,409

 52,650

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 $

 1,074,065

 $

 1,019,871

 Net interest income, interest rate spread (1)

 $

 31,699

 2.39

 %

 $

 33,919

 3.06

 %

 Net interest margin (net interest as a percent of average interest earning assets) (1)

 3.00

 %

 3.37

 %

 Federal tax exemption on non-taxable securities and loans included in interest income

 $

 (293

)

 $

 Average interest earning assets to interest bearing liabilities

 132.50

 %

 138.83

 %

 (1)

 Calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis utilizing a statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0%.

 The following table presents the changes in the Company's interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated in proportion to the changes due to rate and volume.

 INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

 2024 Compared to 2023

 Increase / (Decrease)

 2023 Compared to 2022

 Increase / (Decrease)

 Total

 due to

 Volume

 due to

 Rate

 Total

 due to

 Volume

 due to

 Rate

 (In thousands)

 Interest earning assets:

 Taxable securities

 $

 $

 (24

)

 $

 $

 1,766

 $

 $

 Nontaxable securities (1)

 (935

)

 (367

)

 (568

)

 (121

)

 (298

)

 Loan receivables (2)

 8,142

 3,692

 4,450

 4,541

 3,188

 1,353

 Federal bank and other restricted stocks

 (5

)

 (4

)

 Interest bearing deposits and federal funds sold

 (107

)

 (234

)

 (238

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 (3

)

 Total interest and dividend income

 7,782

 3,062

 4,720

 6,470

 4,095

 2,375

 Interest bearing liabilities:

 Interest bearing demand

 (88

)

 Savings deposits

 2,671

 (123

)

 2,794

 2,125

 2,121

 Time deposits

 6,749

 2,339

 4,410

 2,451

 2,161

 FHLB advances

 (78

)

 (77

)

 (1

)

 Total interest expense

 10,002

 2,260

 7,742

 5,810

 5,524

 Net interest income

 $

 (2,220

)

 $

 $

 (3,022

)

 $

 $

 3,809

 $

 (3,149

)

 (1)

 Nontaxable income is adjusted to a fully tax equivalent basis utilizing a statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0%.

 (2)

 Non-accrual loan balances are included for purposes of computing the rate and volume effects although interest on these balances has been excluded.

 Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses on loans represents the charge to income necessary to adjust the allowance for credit losses on loans to a level considered appropriate by management to absorb estimated losses over the expected life of loans. The provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments represents the charge to income necessary to adjust the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures for the expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit.

 A provision for credit losses on loans of $556 was recorded in fiscal year 2024 compared with a $855 provision for loan losses in fiscal year 2023. The provision for credit losses on loans recorded in fiscal year 2024 was primarily due to the organic growth within the loan portfolio. For fiscal year 2024, net charge offs of $402, or 0.05% of total loans, were recorded compared with $291, or 0.04% of total loans, for the same period last year. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans was 1.04% at June 30, 2024 and 1.09% at June 30, 2023. The decline in the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans was due to the improvement in economic conditions, as the economy has remained resilient following the pandemic and through the rapid rise in short-term interest rates, as well as, substandard and non-accrual loans being at low levels.

 Non-performing loans were $858, or 0.11% of total loans, as of June 30, 2024. This compared with $104, or 0.01% of total loans, as of June 30, 2023. Non-performing loans have been considered in management's analysis of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses. Management and the Board of Directors closely monitor these loans and believe the prospect for recovery of principal, less identified specific reserves, are favorable.

 Other Income. Total other income increased by $149, or 3.1%, to $4,896 for fiscal year 2024. Service charges on deposit accounts increased by $86, or 5.4%, in fiscal year 2024 primarily as a result of increases in personal and business service charges on demand deposit accounts. Debit card interchange income increased by $131, or 6.0% in fiscal year 2024 because of increased debit card usage and an increase in the number of cards issued. These increases were partially offset by an $80 loss on the sale of securities as lower yielding securities were sold to reinvest at higher market rates.

 Other Expenses. Total other expenses were $25,844 for the year ended June 30, 2024; an increase of $1,159, or 4.7%, from $24,685 for the year ended June 30, 2023.

 Salaries and employee benefit expenses increased by $396, or 2.8%, during fiscal year 2024 primarily due to merit and cost of living increases that were partially offset by lower incentive expenses.

 Debit card processing expenses increased by $110, or 9.8%, in fiscal year 2024 compared to the same prior year period primarily due to an increase in customer card usage and an increase in the number of cards issued. FDIC assessments increased by $193, or 31.7%, in fiscal year 2024 primarily because of an increase in the initial base deposit insurance assessment rate paid by all insured depository institutions. Financial institutions tax expenses decreased by $45, or 9.4%, in fiscal year 2024 since this is a capital-based tax and total capital was lower as of the measurement date in fiscal year 2024 because of the accumulated other comprehensive loss. Other expenses increased by $268, or 13.0%, primarily because of increased check and debit card fraud losses. Management has implemented new software fraud monitoring tools that it believes will help to mitigate these losses in the future.

 Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense totaled $1,845 and $2,248 and the effective tax rates were 17.7% and 17.4% for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Income tax expense was calculated utilizing a statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% in fiscal years 2024 and 2023. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate as a result of tax-exempt income from obligations of states and political subdivisions, loans, bank owned life insurance earnings, and the low-income housing tax credits.

 Financial Condition

 Total assets as of June 30, 2024 were $1,097,089 compared with $1,060,024 at June 30, 2023, an increase of $37,065, or 3.5%. The growth in total assets is mainly attributable to an increase of $48,752, or 6.9%, in total loans and was primarily funded by a $20,447, or 2.1%, increase in total deposits.

 Securities. Total securities were $270,856 at June 30, 2024, of which $264,802 were classified as available-for-sale and $6,054 were classified as held-to-maturity. The securities portfolio is mainly comprised of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government sponsored entities and obligations of state and political subdivisions. The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 Obligation of U.S Treasury

 $

 6,471

 $

 —

 $

 (219

)

 $

 6,252

 28,019

 (3,356

)

 85,917

 (8,233

)

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 94,303

 —

 (14,936

)

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities – commercial

 8,584

 —

 (1,752

)

 6,832

 U.S. Government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations – residential

 60,333

 (5,757

)

 17,039

 —

 (1,753

)

 $

 300,666

 $

 $

 (36,006

)

 $

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 Obligation of U.S. Treasury

 $

 8,941

 $

 —

 $

 (533

)

 $

 8,408

 29,430

 (3,745

)

 25,692

 92,891

 (8,982

)

 83,972

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 104,689

 (15,066

)

 89,635

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 8,604

 —

 (1,809

)

 6,795

 U.S. government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations – residential

 55,800

 (5,738

)

 50,070

 17,175

 —

 (2,142

)

 $

 317,530

 $

 $

 (38,015

)

 $

 279,605

 The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2024 and 2023 and the corresponding gross unrecognized gains and losses:

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 $

 6,054

 $

 —

 $

 (524

)

 $

 5,530

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 $

 6,970

 $

 —

 $

 (676

)

 $

 6,294

 The following tables summarize the amounts and distribution of the Company's securities held and the weighted average yields as of June 30, 2024:

 Cost

 Fair

 Value

 Yield

 Obligations of U.S. Treasury

 $

 3,499

 $

 3,453

 0.77

 %

 2,972

 2,799

 1.09

 Total obligations of U.S. Treasury

 6,471

 6,252

 0.92

 Obligations of government-sponsored entities:

 2,000

 1,969

 2.70

 6,829

 6,254

 2.18

 17,837

 15,300

 2.26

 1,353

 1,144

 2.42

 Total obligations of government-sponsored entities

 28,019

 2.47

 Obligations of state and political subdivisions:

 3 months or less

 2,562

 2,553

 2.52

 2,823

 2,794

 2.69

 14,006

 13,394

 3.01

 16,589

 15,576

 3.08

 49,937

 43,413

 2.55

 Total obligations of state and political subdivisions

 85,917

 2.67

 Mortgage-backed securities - residential:

 3 months or less

 2.47

 2.04

 15,318

 14,097

 2.63

 68,541

 57,143

 1.97

 10,287

 7,975

 1.87

 Total mortgage-backed securities - residential

 94,303

 2.07

 Cost

 Fair

 Value

 Yield

 Collateralized mortgage obligations:

 Mortgage-backed securities – commercial:

 $

 1,316

 $

 1,081

 1.68

 %

 2,896

 2,387

 1.91

 4,372

 3,364

 2.13

 Total mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 8,584

 6,832

 1.99

 Collateralized mortgage obligations:

 3,276

 3,268

 5.33

 24,555

 23,799

 4.67

 28,889

 24,883

 2.83

 3,613

 2,718

 1.60

 Total collateralized mortgage obligations

 60,333

 3.64

 4,000

 3,626

 8.08

 %

 Over 5 years through ten years

 13,039

 11,660

 3.80

 Total other debt securities

 17,039

 4.80

 $

 300,666

 $

 2.72

 %

 Obligations of state and political subdivisions:

 $

 $

 2.82

 %

 2,303

 2,229

 2.05

 3,708

 3,259

 2.95

 Total held-to-maturity securities

 $

 6,054

 $

 5,530

 2.38

 %

 The weighted average interest rates are based on coupon rates for securities purchased at par value and on effective yields considering amortization or accretion if the securities were purchased at a premium or discount. The weighted average yield on tax-exempt obligations has been calculated on a tax equivalent basis. Average yields are based on amortized cost balances.

 Loans. Loan receivables increased by $48,752, or 6.9%, to $759,114 at June 30, 2024 compared to $710,362 at June 30, 2023. Commercial & industrial loans increased by $15,184, or 13.5%, primarily because of a third-party residential mortgage warehouse line-of-credit that had a balance of $26,159 as of June 30, 2024 and a balance of $10,000 as of June 30, 2023. Consumer loans increased by $7,265, or 11.1%, primarily as a result of the expansion of indirect auto lending. Major classifications of loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs, were as follows as of June 30:

 2024

 2023

 $

 127,811

 $

 112,627

 163,543

 150,754

 139,720

 40,505

 Land Development

 10,979

 197,143

 190,368

 72,674

 65,409

 $

 759,114

 $

 710,362

 The following table shows the major classifications of loans, net of deferred fees and costs, which are based on the contractual terms for repayment of principal, that are due in the periods indicated as of June 30, 2024:

 Maturing

 After one year

 After five years

 Within

 but within

 But within

 After

 one year

 five years

 Fifteen years

 Fifteen years

 Total

 $

 46,194

 $

 39,660

 $

 41,457

 $

 $

 127,811

 11,080

 72,028

 80,245

 163,543

 18,853

 58,337

 69,332

 1,064

 8,786

 28,920

 Land Development

 3,093

 5,836

 1,270

 2,416

 2,830

 10,767

 47,268

 136,278

 197,143

 1,001

 42,267

 29,230

 72,674

 $

 53,344

 $

 129,527

 $

 258,376

 $

 317,867

 $

 759,114

 The following is a schedule of fixed and variable rate loans due after one year (variable rate loans are those loans with floating or adjustable interest rates) as of June 30, 2024:

 Total due after one year:

 Fixed

 Interest Rates

 Variable

 Interest Rates

 Total

 $

 76,361

 $

 5,256

 $

 81,617

 65,340

 98,013

 163,353

 53,172

 93,350

 146,522

 34,893

 3,877

 38,770

 Land Development

 4,002

 5,520

 9,522

 145,881

 48,432

 194,313

 71,673

 —

 71,673

 $

 451,322

 $

 254,448

 $

 705,770

 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. On July 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which caused an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $52 and the recording of a liability for expected credit losses on unfunded loans and other commitments of $308. The reserve for unfunded commitments is primarily related to 1 - 4 family home equity lines of credit and construction loans, land development loans, and commercial construction loans. The increase in the allowance and the recording of the liability resulted in a decrease in the retained earnings account on our Consolidated Balance Sheet equal to the after-tax impact, with the tax impact portion being recorded in deferred taxes on our Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with FASB guidance.

 The allowance for credit losses consists of general and specific components. The general component covers loans collectively evaluated for credit loss and is based on peer historical loss experience adjusted for current and forecasted factors. Management's adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be for trends in delinquencies, trends in the volume of loans, changes in underwriting standards, changes in the value of underlying collateral, the existence and effect of portfolio concentration, regulatory environment, economic conditions, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company's loan review function.

 The specific component includes loans that do not share similar risk characteristics that are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the pooling approach. As of June 30, 2024, individually evaluated loans totaled $26,933 and included the $26,159 third-party residential mortgage warehouse line-of-credit and $774 of nonaccrual loans. The warehouse line-of-credit is included in individually evaluated loans because of the unique structure of the loan given the short-term nature of the advances, curtailment features provided by the financial institution that the line-of-credit is issued to, as well as being secured by individual residential properties. As of June 30, 2023, under the incurred loan loss methodology, individually evaluated loans totaled $405 and included $351 of performing loans classified as troubled debt restructurings and $54 of nonaccrual loans. As of June 30, 2024, there was a specific reserve of $67 allocated to the individually evaluated loans and there was no specific allocation as of June 30, 2023.

 Failure to receive principal and interest payments when due on any loan results in efforts to restore such loan to a current status. Loans are classified as non-accrual when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and accrued interest is not expected. The loans must be brought and kept current for six sustained payments before being considered for removal from non-accrual status. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures, during fiscal year 2024. This amendment eliminated the troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and, instead, requires that an entity evaluate (consistent with the accounting for other loan modifications) whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. There were no reportable loan modifications during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. Under the previous incurred loan loss methodology, as of June 30, 2023, impaired loans totaled $405, of which $54 are included in non-accrual loans. Continued unsuccessful collection efforts generally lead to initiation of foreclosure or other legal proceedings.

 The following table summarizes non-accrual loans, non-performing assets, and associated ratios for the years ended June 30:

 2024

 2023

 Non-accrual loans

 $

 $

 Accruing loans past due 90 days or more

 Total non-performing loans

 $

 $

 Other real estate and repossessed assets owned

 —

 Total non-performing assets

 $

 $

 Non-accrual to total loans

 0.10

 %

 0.01

 %

 Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans

 10.24

 x

 143.03

 x

 Allowance for credit losses to total loans

 1.04

 %

 1.09

 %

 The non-performing loans are either in the process of foreclosure or efforts are being made to work with the borrower to bring the loan current. Properties and vehicles acquired by the Company as a result of foreclosure or repossession, or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, are classified as "other real estate and repossessed assets owned" until they are sold or otherwise disposed of.

 The following table summarizes the Company's net (charge-offs) recoveries by loan category and the ratio of net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans for the years ended June 30:

 2024

 2023

 Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries

 % to Average Loans

 Net (Charge-offs) Recoveries

 % to Average Loans

 $

 (6

)

 —

 —

 —

 Commercial real estate

 —

 —

 —

 —

 (2

)

 —

 (400

)

 (0.05

)%

 (290

)

 (0.04

)%

 Total net charge-offs

 $

 (402

)

 (0.05

)%

 $

 (291

)

 (0.04

)%

 The following schedule is a breakdown of the allowance for credit losses allocated by type of loan and related ratios:

 Allocation of the Allowance for

 Credit Losses

 Allocation of the Allowance

 for Loan Losses

 Allowance

 % of Loan

 Type to

 Total Loans

 Allowance

 % of Loan

 Type to

 Total Loans

 $

 1,144

 16.8

 %

 $

 1,308

 15.9

 %

 Commercial real estate loans

 3,650

 40.8

 3,943

 48.1

 5.1

 —

 —

 Land Development

 1.7

 —

 —

 2,018

 26.0

 1,571

 26.8

 9.6

 9.2

 Total

 $

 7,930

 100.0

 %

 $

 7,724

 100.0

 %

 While management's periodic analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses may allocate portions of the allowance for specific problem loan situations, the entire allowance is available for any loan charge-off that may occur. While the Company has historically experienced strong trends in asset quality, an increase in the provision could occur if economic conditions and factors which affect credit quality, real estate values and general business conditions worsen. Management closely monitors changes in the existing loan portfolio and analyzes potential loan opportunities carefully in order to manage credit risk.

 Other Assets: As of June 30, 2024, the total accrued interest receivable and other assets were $23,615 compared with $22,967 as of June 30, 2023. Included in other assets is an investment in a limited partnership that invests in qualified affordable housing projects that will generate tax benefits for the investors with a balance of $9,853 as of June 30, 2024 and $10,250 as of June 30, 2023. See Note 15—Affordable Tax Credit Partnership to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for information concerning the low-income housing tax credit investment.

 Deposits. Total deposits increased by $20,447, or 2.1%, from $952,533 at June 30, 2023 to $972,980 at June 30, 2024. As market rates have risen, customers have chosen to move funds from savings and money market deposit products to higher yielding certificates of deposits. As of June 30, 2024, the Company maintained a favorable funding mix with 23.1% of total deposits in noninterest-bearing demand deposits, 14.6% in interest-bearing demand deposits, 36.1% in savings and money market deposits, and 26.2% in certificates and other time deposits.

 The following is a schedule of average deposit amounts and average rates paid on each category for the periods included:

 Years Ended June 30,

 2024

 2023

 Rate

 Rate

 Noninterest-bearing demand deposit

 $

 232,975

 —

 $

 258,463

 —

 Interest-bearing demand deposit

 145,862

 0.86

 %

 157,508

 0.72

 %

 Savings

 336,417

 1.54

 352,897

 0.71

 Certificates and other time deposits

 244,803

 3.99

 156,357

 1.93

 Total

 $

 960,057

 1.69

 %

 $

 925,225

 0.72

 %

 Uninsured deposits as of June 30, 2024 were $263,345, or 27.1% of total deposits, and includes $87,357 of uninsured public fund deposits that are fully collateralized. Uninsured deposits as of June 30, 2023 were $267,449, or 28.1% of total deposits, and includes $95,445 of uninsured public fund deposits that are fully collateralized. Uninsured deposits as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 are based on estimates and include portions of FDIC-insured deposit accounts that exceed the insurance limit of $250 thousand per separately insured depositor.

 The following table summarizes time deposits issued in amounts of more than $250 thousand as of June 30, 2024 by time remaining until maturity:

 Maturing in:

 Under 3 months

 $

 23,812

 Over 3 to 6 months

 17,272

 Over 6 to 12 months

 16,622

 Over 12 months

 1,027

 Total

 $

 58,733

 Short-term Borrowings: Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term and were comprised of the following:

 2023

 Repurchase agreements

 $

 18,307

 $

 23,783

 Line of credit with another financial institution

 —

 1,200

 Federal funds purchased

 1,700

 1,384

 Bank term funding program

 10,000

 —

 Total short-term borrowings

 $

 $

 Repurchase agreements are financing arrangements with local customers that mature daily. The Bank pledges securities as collateral for the repurchase agreements. The Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) was a facility established in 2023 in response to liquidity concerns within the banking industry and the program ceased making new loans on March 11, 2024. The BTFP was designed to provide additional funding to eligible depository institutions in order to help assure that banks had the ability to meet the needs of all their depositors. Under the program, eligible depository institutions could obtain loans of up to one year in length by pledging certain U.S. Treasuries, agency debt, mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral. These assets were valued at par. A line of credit from another financial institution was established since the Company does not conduct operations and its primary sources of liquidity are dividend upstreams from the Bank and borrowings from outside sources. As of June 20, 2024, the available credit on the Company's line of credit was $5,000. See Note 7—Short-Term Borrowings to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information concerning short-term borrowings.

 Other Liabilities: As of June 30, 2024, the total accrued interest payable and other liabilities was $16,708 compared with $16,864 as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, an unfunded commitment of $8,279 associated with an affordable housing tax credit investment was included in other liabilities. See Note 15—Affordable Tax Credit Partnership to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for information concerning the low-income housing tax credit investment.

 Capital Resources

 Total shareholders' equity increased by $8,201 from $55,484 as of June 30, 2023 to $63,685 at June 30, 2024. The primary reason for the increase in shareholders' equity was because of net income of $8,580 for the 2024 fiscal year and a decrease of $1,629 in the accumulated other comprehensive loss from the mark-to-market of available-for-sale securities which were partially offset by cash dividends paid of $2,246. The total accumulated other comprehensive loss was $28,332 as of June 30, 2024 and $29,961 as of June 30, 2023. Available-for-sale securities and shareholders' equity were impacted by rapidly rising interest rates during 2022 and 2023 causing the accumulated other comprehensive loss to increase as available-for-sale securities are marked to fair market value. As market interest rates rise, the fair value of fixed-rate securities decline with a corresponding net of tax decline recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive loss portion of equity. This unrealized loss in securities is temporary and is adjusted monthly for additional market interest rate fluctuations, principal paydowns, calls, and maturities. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such securities decline. The Company has significant sources of liquidity and therefore does not expect to have to sell securities to fund growth.

 For fiscal year 2024, the average equity to average total assets ratio was 5.35% and the dividend payout ratio was 26.2%. For fiscal year 2023, the average equity to average total assets ratio was 5.16% and the dividend payout ratio was 19.6%.

 At June 30, 2024, management believes the Bank complied with all regulatory capital requirements. Based on the Bank's computed regulatory capital ratios, the OCC has determined the Bank to be well capitalized under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act as of its latest exam date. The Bank's actual and required capital amounts are disclosed in Note 12-Regulatory Matters to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Management is not aware of any matters occurring subsequent to that exam that would cause the Bank's capital category to change.

 At June 30, 2024, the Company had no unconsolidated, related special purpose entities, nor did the Company engage in hedging contracts, such as interest rate swaps, which may expose the Company to liabilities greater than the amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company's investment policy prohibits engaging in derivative contracts for speculative trading purposes; however, in the future, the Company may pursue certain contracts, such as interest rate swaps, to execute a sound and defensive interest rate risk management policy.

 Liquidity

 Management considers the asset position of the Bank to be sufficiently liquid to meet normal operating needs and conditions. The Bank's earning assets are divided primarily between loans and available-for-sale securities, with any excess funds placed in federal funds sold or interest-bearing deposit accounts with other financial institutions.

 For fiscal year 2024, net cash inflows from operating activities were $9,376, net cash inflows from financing activities were $27,038 and net cash outflows from investing activities were $30,446. Major sources of cash were a $20,447 net increase in deposits and $29,882 in cash received from sales, maturities, or principal pay downs of available-for-sale securities. Major uses of cash were a $49,268 net increase in loans and $13,624 of purchases of available-for-sale securities. Total cash and cash equivalents were $17,723 as of June 30, 2024 compared to $11,755 at June 30, 2023.

 The Bank groups its loan portfolio into six major categories: commercial & industrial loans; commercial real estate loans; farmland loans; land development loans; 1-4 family residential real estate loans; and consumer loans. The Bank's 1-4 family residential real estate loan portfolio primarily consists of fixed and variable rate mortgage loans with amortization periods up to thirty years, residential construction loans with a fixed rate interest only period of up to 18-months that converts to a fixed or variable rate loan with amortization periods of up to thirty years, and variable rate home equity lines of credit. Commercial & industrial, commercial real estate loans, and farmland loans are comprised of both variable rate notes subject to interest rate changes based on the prime rate or Treasury index, and fixed rate notes having maturities of generally not greater than twenty years. Land development loans are adjustable-rate loans with interest only periods generally up to three years. Consumer loans offered by the Bank are generally written for periods of up to seven years, based on the nature of the collateral. These may be either installment loans having regular monthly payments or demand type loans for short periods of time.

 Funds not allocated to the Bank's loan portfolio are invested in various securities having diverse maturity schedules. Most of the Bank's securities are held in obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored entities, mortgage-backed securities, and investments in tax-exempt municipal bonds.

 The Bank offers several forms of deposit products to its customers. We believe the rates offered by the Bank and the fees charged for them are competitive with others currently available in the market area. While the Bank continues to be under competitive pressures in the Bank's market area as financial institutions attempt to attract and keep new deposits, we believe many commercial and retail customers are turning to community banks. Compared to our peers, the Company's core deposits consist of a larger percentage of noninterest-bearing demand deposits resulting in a lower cost of funds of 2.25% for fiscal year 2024.

 Jumbo time deposits (those with balances of $250 and over) were $59,233 and $46,822 at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These deposits are monitored closely by the Bank and typically priced on an individual basis. When these deposits are from a municipality, certain bank-owned securities are pledged to guarantee the safety of these public fund deposits as required by Ohio law.

 The Company has the option to use a third-party broker to obtain deposits from outside its normal service area as an additional source of funding, however, these deposits are not relied upon as a primary source of funding. As of June 30, 2024, there were $6,004 of brokered deposits within savings deposits that were used to fund the seasonal decline of public fund deposits. There were no brokered deposits as of June 30, 2023.

 To provide additional sources of liquidity, the Company has lines of credit with other financial institutions and has entered into agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (FHLB) and the Federal Reserve Discount Window. As of June 30, 2024, advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati totaled $13,709 compared with $8,776 as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank had the ability to borrow an additional $99,814 from the FHLB of Cincinnati based on a blanket pledge of qualifying first mortgage and multi-family loans. The Company considers the FHLB of Cincinnati to be a reliable source of liquidity funding, secondary to its deposit base. In addition, at June 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $94,949 in securities unencumbered by a pledge that could be used to support additional borrowings, as needed, through the Federal Reserve discount window.

 Dividends from the Bank are the primary source of funds for payment of dividends to our shareholders. However, there are statutory limits on the amount of dividends the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. Under these regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year's net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years, subject to the capital requirements described above. Additionally, the Bank may not declare or pay any dividend if, after making the dividend, the Bank would be "undercapitalized," as defined in the federal regulations. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank could, without prior approval, declare a dividend of approximately $18,593.

 Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

 The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require the measurement of financial position and results of operations primarily in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of the Company are monetary in nature. Therefore, as a financial institution, interest rates have a more significant impact on the Company's performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. The liquidity, maturity structure and quality of the Company's assets and liabilities are critical to the maintenance of acceptable performance levels.

 Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates

 The financial condition and results of operations for the Company presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements, accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and management's discussion and analysis are, to a large degree, dependent upon the Company's accounting policies. The selection and application of these accounting policies involve judgments, estimates and uncertainties that are susceptible to change. The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note 1-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined.

 Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. In the event different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of materially different financial condition or results of operations is a reasonable likelihood. Management has identified the following as critical accounting policies:

 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans (ACL). The determination of the ACL on loans involves considerable subjective judgment and estimation by management. The ACL is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management's best estimate of all expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ACL calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly, and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the ACL is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

 In calculating the ACL, the loan portfolio was pooled into loan segments with similar risk characteristics. The general component covers loans collectively evaluated for credit loss and is based on peer historical loss experience adjusted for current and forecasted factors.

 The Company qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently captured in the general component but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. Management's adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be for trends in delinquencies, trends in the volume of loans, changes in underwriting standards, changes in the value of underlying collateral, the existence and effect of portfolio concentration, regulatory environment, economic conditions, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company's loan review function.

 In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the general component. Specific reserves in the ACL are determined by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower's industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Although management believes its process for determining the allowance adequately considers all the potential factors that could potentially result in credit losses, the process includes subjective elements and may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management's estimates, additional provisions for credit losses may be required that would adversely impact the Company's financial condition or earnings in future periods.

 Goodwill. The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value recorded as goodwill. The carrying value of goodwill is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The evaluation for impairment involves comparing the current estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. If the current estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, no additional testing is required, and an impairment loss is not recorded. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, further valuation procedures are performed that could result in impairment of goodwill being recorded. Further valuation procedures would include allocating the estimated fair value to all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit to determine an implied goodwill value. If the implied value of goodwill of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

 Management evaluated goodwill as of April 30, 2024, the measurement date, utilizing an income approach that incorporated a discounted cash flow model that involved management assumptions based upon future growth and earnings projections. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit was then compared to the current carrying value to determine if impairment had occurred. It is our opinion that, as of the measurement date, the aggregate fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit. Therefore, management concluded that goodwill was not impaired. Although we believe our assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly and it is impossible to know the future impact of evolving economic conditions. If for any future period it is determined that there has been impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill balances, the Company will record a charge to earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on net income, but not risk based capital ratios.

 Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

 The following table presents, as of June 30, 2024, the Company's significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations by payment date. The payment amounts represent those amounts contractually due to the recipient and do not include any unamortized premiums or discounts. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.

 Note

 Reference

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 Thereafter

 Total

 Certificates of deposit

 $

 243,472

 $

 8,842

 $

 1,240

 $

 $

 $

 $

 254,327

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Federal Home Loan advances

 9,600

 —

 —

 —

 4,000

 13,709

 Salary continuation plan

 3,056

 3,997

 Operating leases

 Deposits without maturity

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 718,653

 Note 13 - Commitments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk to the Consolidated Financial Statements discusses in greater detail other commitments and contingencies and the various obligations that exist under those agreements. These commitments and contingencies consist primarily of commitments to extend credit to borrowers under lines of credit.

 Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Not applicable for Smaller Reporting Companies.

 Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

 Consumers Bancorp, Inc.

 Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Consumers Bancorp, Inc and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2024 and 2023; the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 Change in Accounting Principle

 As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for credit losses effective July 1, 2023 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326). The Company adopted the new credit loss standard using the modified retrospective method such that prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable generally accepted accounting principles.

 Basis for Opinion

 The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 Critical Audit Matter

 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Allowance for Credit Losses on Collectively Evaluated Loans - Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial Statements

 Critical Audit Matter Description

 Management's estimate of the allowance for credit losses (ACL) includes a reserve on collectively evaluated loans. The reserve on collectively evaluated loans is based on historical loss rates adjusted for changes in macroeconomic conditions and qualitative factors. In defining historical loss rates, the Company utilized regional peer data. Management's adjustments for qualitative factors include actual and expected changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions in which the Company operates that affect the collectability of financial assets; changes in the nature and volume of the Company's loan portfolio; and the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, legal and technological environments.

 Significant judgment was required by management in the selection and application of key metrics used to derive the quantitative portion of the ACL. Accordingly, performing audit procedures to evaluate the Company's estimated ACL involved a high degree of auditor judgment and required significant effort, including the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

 Our audit procedures related to the Company's estimate of the ACL included, but were not limited to, the

 following:

 We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management's controls over the determination of the current quantitative assumptions and qualitative factor adjustments.

 We tested the process for determining reserves on collectively evaluated loans including:

 •

 Evaluation of the appropriateness of management's methodology.

 •

 Testing the completeness and accuracy of data utilized by management.

 •

 Evaluation of the relevance and reliability of information used by management in the development of the estimate.

 •

 Evaluation of reasonableness of significant assumptions used in the quantitative analysis.

 •

 Evaluation of the reasonableness of qualitative adjustment factors, including consideration of whether the adjustments applied were reasonable given portfolio composition; relevant external factors, including economic conditions; and consideration of historical or recent experience and conditions and events affecting the Company.

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2020.

 /s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC

 Cleveland, Ohio

 September 6, 2024

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 As of June 30, 2024 and 2023

 2024

 2023

 ASSETS:

 Cash on hand and noninterest-bearing deposits in financial institutions

 $

 17,709

 $

 11,734

 Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions

 Total cash and cash equivalents

 17,723

 Certificates of deposit in financial institutions

 —

 2,501

 Securities, available-for-sale

 279,605

 Securities, held-to-maturity (fair value in 2024 of $ 5,530 and 2023 of $ 6,294)

 6,054

 6,970

 Equity securities, at fair value

 Federal bank and other restricted stocks, at cost

 2,186

 2,168

 Loans held for sale

 759,114

 710,362

 Less allowance for credit losses

 ( 7,930

)

 ( 7,724

)

 Net loans

 751,184

 702,638

 Cash surrender value of life insurance

 10,500

 10,222

 Premises and equipment, net

 16,927

 17,182

 Goodwill

 2,452

 2,452

 Core deposit intangible, net

 Accrued interest receivable and other assets

 23,615

 22,967

 Total assets

 $

 1,097,089

 $

 1,060,024

 LIABILITIES:

 Deposits:

 Noninterest-bearing demand

 $

 225,087

 $

 250,906

 Interest bearing demand

 142,261

 152,053

 Savings

 351,305

 335,231

 Time

 254,327

 214,343

 Total deposits

 972,980

 952,533

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 13,709

 8,776

 Accrued interest payable and other liabilities

 16,708

 16,864

 Total liabilities

 1,033,404

 1,004,540

 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

 Preferred stock, no par value; 350,000 shares authorized

 —

 —

 Common shares, no par value; 8,500,000 shares authorized; 3,172,227 and 3,144,739 shares issued as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively

 21,178

 20,769

 Retained earnings

 71,534

 65,485

 Treasury stock, at cost ( 48,639 common shares at June 30, 2024 and 2023)

 ( 695

)

 ( 809

)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 ( 28,332

)

 ( 29,961

)

 Total shareholders' equity

 63,685

 55,484

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 $

 1,097,089

 $

 1,060,024

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

 2024

 2023

 Interest and dividend income:

 Loans, including fees

 $

 40,903

 $

 32,754

 Securities, taxable

 5,985

 5,338

 Securities, tax-exempt

 1,813

 2,258

 Federal bank and other restricted stocks

 Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits

 Total interest and dividend income

 49,218

 40,939

 Interest expense:

 Deposits

 16,212

 6,660

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 Total interest expense

 17,226

 7,224

 Net interest income

 31,992

 33,715

 Provision for credit losses on loans

 Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments

 —

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 31,373

 32,860

 Other income:

 Service charges on deposit accounts

 1,684

 1,598

 Debit card interchange income

 2,312

 2,181

 Bank owned life insurance income

 Mortgage banking activity

 Securities (losses) gains, net

 ( 80

)

 Net change in market value of equity securities

 ( 5

)

 ( 14

)

 Loss on disposition of other real estate owned and repossessed assets owned

 ( 27

)

 —

 Other

 Total other income

 4,896

 4,747

 Other expenses:

 Salaries and employee benefits

 14,416

 14,020

 Occupancy and equipment

 3,436

 3,186

 Data processing expenses

 Debit card processing expenses

 1,234

 1,124

 Professional and director fees

 1,033

 1,065

 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments

 Financial institutions tax

 Marketing and advertising

 Loan and collection expenses

 Telephone and communications

 Amortization of intangible

 Other

 2,328

 2,060

 Total other expenses

 25,844

 24,685

 Income before income taxes

 10,425

 12,922

 Income tax expense

 1,845

 2,248

 $

 8,580

 $

 Basic and diluted earnings per share

 $

 2.76

 $

 3.45

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

 Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

 2024

 2023

 $

 8,580

 $

 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

 Net change in unrealized gains (losses):

 Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period

 1,981

 ( 9,929

)

 Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in income

 ( 14

)

 Net unrealized gain (loss)

 2,061

 ( 9,943

)

 Income tax effect

 ( 432

)

 2,088

 Other comprehensive income (loss)

 1,629

 ( 7,855

)

 Total comprehensive income

 $

 10,209

 $

 2,819

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS ' EQUITY

 Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

 Common

 Shares

 Retained

 Earnings

 Treasury

 Stock

 Accumulated

 Other

 Comprehensive

 Income (Loss)

 Total

 Shareholders'

 Equity

 Balance, June 30, 2022

 $

 20,287

 $

 56,906

 $

 ( 1,117

)

 $

 ( 22,106

)

 $

 53,970

 —

 —

 —

 Other comprehensive loss

 —

 —

 —

 ( 7,855

)

 ( 7,855

)

 12,683 shares issued associated with dividend reinvestment plan and stock purchase plan

 —

 —

 —

 26,743 shares associated with vested stock awards

 —

 —

 Restricted stock expense

 —

 —

 —

 Cash dividends declared ($ 0.68 per share)

 —

 ( 2,095

)

 —

 —

 ( 2,095

)

 Balance, June 30, 2023

 $

 20,769

 $

 65,485

 $

 ( 809

)

 $

 ( 29,961

)

 $

 55,484

 Adoption of ASU 2016-13

 —

 ( 285

)

 —

 —

 ( 285

)

 —

 8,580

 —

 —

 8,580

 Other comprehensive income

 —

 —

 —

 1,629

 1,629

 Vesting of 10,283 shares associated with restricted stock awards

 —

 —

 Issuance of 8,519 stock-based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock expense

 —

 —

 —

 Issuance of 15,811 shares associated with dividend reinvestment plan and stock purchase plan

 —

 Cash dividends declared ($ 0.72 per share)

 —

 ( 2,246

)

 —

 —

 ( 2,246

)

 Balance, June 30, 2024

 $

 21,178

 $

 71,534

 $

 ( 695

)

 $

 ( 28,332

)

 $

 63,685

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 Years Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

 2024

 2023

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 $

 8,580

 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:

 Depreciation

 1,095

 1,051

 Securities amortization and accretion, net

 Provision for credit losses

 Loss on disposition of other real estate and repossessed assets owned

 —

 Mortgage banking activity

 ( 347

)

 ( 345

)

 Deferred income tax (benefit) expense

 ( 242

)

 ( 96

)

 Loss (gain) on sale of securities

 ( 14

)

 Net change in market value of equity securities

 Amortization of intangibles

 Origination of loans held for sale

 ( 20,774

)

 ( 20,762

)

 Proceeds from loans held for sale

 20,977

 21,508

 Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

 ( 278

)

 ( 263

)

 Net change in other assets and other liabilities

 ( 950

)

 ( 180

)

 Net cash flows from operating activities

 9,376

 13,316

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Securities available-for-sale:

 Purchases

 ( 13,624

)

 ( 31,799

)

 Maturities, calls and principal pay downs

 21,790

 21,322

 Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities

 8,092

 16,472

 Securities held-to-maturity:

 Principal pay downs

 Net decrease in certificates of deposit with other financial institutions

 2,501

 1,280

 Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock

 Purchases of FHLB stock

 ( 985

)

 —

 Net increase in loans

 ( 49,268

)

 ( 98,945

)

 Acquisition of premises and equipment

 ( 983

)

 ( 1,821

)

 Proceeds from sale of other real estate and repossessed assets owned

 Net cash flows from investing activities

 ( 30,446

)

 ( 92,219

)

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Net increase in deposit accounts

 20,447

 65,971

 Change in short-term borrowings

 3,640

 5,072

 Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 23,900

 17,000

 Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 ( 18,967

)

 ( 16,480

)

 Proceeds from dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan

 Dividends paid

 ( 2,246

)

 ( 2,095

)

 Net cash flows from financing activities

 27,038

 69,706

 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 5,968

 ( 9,197

)

 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

 20,952

 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

 $

 17,723

 $

 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 Cash paid during the period:

 $

 16,655

 $

 6,929

 Federal income taxes

 2,169

 2,495

 Non-cash items:

 Transfer from loans to other repossessed assets

 Transfer from loans to other real estate owned

 —

 Issuance of treasury stock for stock awards

 June 30, 2024 and 2023

 NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. (Company) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Consumers National Bank (Bank), together referred to as the Company. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

 Nature of Operations: Consumers Bancorp, Inc. is a bank holding company headquartered in Minerva, Ohio that provides, through its banking subsidiary, a broad array of products and services throughout its primary market area of Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Mahoning, Stark, and Summit counties in Ohio. Its market includes these counties as well as the contiguous counties in northeast Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia. The Bank's business involves attracting deposits from businesses and individual customers and using such deposits to originate commercial, mortgage and consumer loans in its primary market area.

 Business Segment Information: The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, which accounts for substantially all its revenues, operating income, and assets. Accordingly, all its operations are reported in one segment, banking.

 Acquisition: At the date of acquisition the Company records the assets and liabilities of acquired companies on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value. The results of operations for acquired companies are included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income beginning at the acquisition date. Expenses arising from acquisition activities are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the periods incurred.

 Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities of less than 90 days and federal funds sold. Cash flows are reported on a net basis for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions and short-term borrowings.

 Interest – Bearing Deposits in Other Financial Institutions: Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions mature within one year and are carried at cost.

 Certificates of Deposit in Financial Institutions: Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions are carried at cost.

 Cash Reserves: The Bank is required to maintain cash on hand and noninterest-bearing balances on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. The required reserve balance was zero at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

 Securities: Debt securities are generally classified into either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale categories. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost and are those management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Available-for-sale securities are those management may decide to sell before maturity if needed for liquidity, asset-liability management, or other reasons. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in other comprehensive income or loss as a separate component of equity, net of tax.

 Interest income includes amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

 The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest income from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest separately in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time we no longer expect to receive all contractual amounts due, which is generally at 90 days past due. Accrued interest for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Accordingly, we do not recognize an allowance for credit loss against accrued interest receivable.

 Allowance for Credit Losses – Held-to-Maturity (HTM) Debt Securities: The Company measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. Any allowance for credit losses on HTM securities would be a contra asset valuation account that would be deducted from the carrying amount of HTM securities to present the net amount expected to be collected and would be charged off against the allowance for credit losses when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses would be reported in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income in the provision for credit losses. Since all the HTM securities are non-rated municipal securities to local customers, management considers the financial condition of the issuer and whether the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities.

 Allowance for Credit Losses – Available-for-Sale (AFS) Debt Securities: For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, management determines whether the Company intends to sell or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS securities with unrealized losses not meeting these criteria, management evaluates whether any decline in fair value is due to credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the issuer of the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as credit loss expense (or reversal). Losses are charged against the allowance when the collectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes.

 Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 and the current expected credit loss model on July 1, 2023, management evaluated securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). The evaluation of securities included consideration given to the length of time and the extent to which the fair value had been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions and whether the Company had the intent to sell the security or it was more likely than not it would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.

 Equity Securities: Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment.

 Federal Bank and Other Restricted Stocks: The Bank is a member of its regional Federal Reserve Bank and the FHLB system. FHLB members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts. Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock, included with Federal bank and other restricted stocks on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Since these stocks are viewed as a long-term investment, impairment is based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

 Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights released. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

 Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market are accounted for as free-standing derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in mortgage banking activity income.

 Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable.

 Interest income on commercial and mortgage loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due unless the loan is in the process of collection. Past due status is determined by the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

 All interest accrued but not received on loans placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when the customer has exhibited the ability to repay and demonstrated this ability over at least a consecutive six-month period and future payments are reasonably assured.

 Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when funded.

 Concentrations of Credit Risk: The Bank grants consumer, real estate, and commercial loans primarily to borrowers in Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Mahoning, Stark, Summit, and contiguous counties in Ohio. Therefore, the Company's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy in these counties. Automobiles and other consumer assets, business assets and residential and commercial real estate secure most loans.

 Adoption of ASC 326: Effective July 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Codification 326 (ASC 326), Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments using the modified retrospective method. Results for the periods beginning after July 1, 2023 are presented under the new Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) methodology under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss methodology under previously applicable accounting standards.

 Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is evaluated on a regular basis and established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. When a loan or portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the portion deemed uncollectible is charged against the allowance and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on loans from the estimate of credit losses.

 The allowance balance is estimated using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience of our peer group provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments.

 The allowance for credit losses consists of general and specific components. The general component includes loans with similar risk characteristics that are collectively evaluated for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses for the general portfolio segments is evaluated based upon periodic quantitative review of the collectability of the loans that correlates historical loss experience with reasonable and supportable forecasts using forward looking information. The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow (loss rate, expected loss) method to estimate the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses for all portfolio segments.

 For each portfolio segment, a loss driver analysis (LDA) is performed to identify appropriate loss indicators and create a regression model for use in forecasting cash flows. The LDA analysis utilizes peer data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's (FFIEC) Call Report data for all segments. The Company has established a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with a one-year straight-line reversion to the long-term historical average. Key inputs into the discounted cash flow model include loan-level detail, including the amortized cost basis of individual loans, payment structure, and forecasted loss drivers. Since the Company has had very limited loss experience, management elected to utilize benchmark peer loss history data to estimate historical loss rates. Management worked with a third-party advisory firm to identify an appropriate peer group for each loan segment that shares similar characteristics. The Company uses the central tendency seasonally adjusted civilian unemployment rate forecast from the FOMC for all portfolio segments. Other key assumptions include a maturity assumption for loans without maturity dates and prepayment / curtailment rates specific to each loan segment. Prepayment and curtailment rates are calculated based on the Company's own data.

 The Company has identified six portfolio segments of loans including Commercial & Industrial, Commercial Real Estate, Farmland, Land Development, 1 – 4 Family Residential Real Estate, and Consumer loans. Each segment has a distinct set of risk characteristics that are monitored by management. Below are the risk characteristics of the loan segments.

 Commercial & Industrial: Commercial & Industrial loans are made for a wide variety of general business purposes, including financing for equipment, inventories and accounts receivable. The term of each commercial loan varies by its purpose. Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower's ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Current and projected cash flows are evaluated to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and usually incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. The commercial loan portfolio includes loans to a wide variety of corporations and businesses across many industrial classifications, including agriculture, primarily in the areas where the Bank operates.

 Commercial Real Estate: Commercial real estate loans include mortgage loans to owners of owner-occupied commercial properties, commercial investment properties, and multi-family investment properties as well as loans originated to finance the construction of owner occupied and investment properties. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of these loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Current and projected cash flows are evaluated to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Loans secured by existing commercial real estate have fixed or variable rates with amortization periods of up to 25 years.

 Commercial construction loans generally adjust with the prime rate during the construction period and may convert to amortizing loans with maturities up to 25 years. Loan proceeds are disbursed in increments as construction progresses and as inspections warrant, and regular inspections are required to monitor the progress of construction through completion. The property owner's and/or guarantor's financial strength, expertise, credit history, and the projected cash flow of the property are considered during underwriting of construction loans. Construction financing is considered to involve a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property's value at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, there may not be sufficient funds to complete the project, or a completed project with an insufficient value to assure full repayment. We attempt to reduce such risks on construction loans by including a contingency amount in the financing package, through inspections of construction progress on the property, by reviewing the owner's financial strength, the success of the owners' and / or contractor's past projects, and by requiring personal guarantees of the owners.

 Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company's commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type and are primarily located in our immediate and surrounding market area. This diversity helps reduce the Company's exposure to adverse economic events that may affect any single market or industry. The three largest collateral concentrations within the commercial real estate non-owner-occupied portfolio are retail rental, office rental, and nursing home/assisted living facilities. The office rental segment includes a high percentage of medical facilities that require special build outs that would make it more costly for a tenant to change locations. Also, personal guarantees are typically obtained on commercial real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans are originated primarily in the area in which the bank operates. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria.

 Farmland: Farmland loans include loans to finance or refinance the acquisition or improvement of land used for agricultural purposes. The loans are secured by mortgages on the land and buildings, contain fixed and variable rates, and amortize over periods up to 30 years. The portfolio is concentrated within the bank's primary market area and is diversified across a number of agricultural segments with grain, dairy, and beef cattle operations comprising the largest segments. Current and projected cash flows are evaluated to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Agriculture lending is largely dependent on the successful management and operation of the farm and may be adversely affected by volatile commodity prices, weather, rising farm production costs, and fluctuating land value.

 Land Development: Land Development loans include loans to finance the land acquisition and the infrastructure improvements necessary to develop saleable residential lots located within our primary market area. Land development loans are adjustable-rate loans with interest only periods generally up to three years. Principal payments are tied to the sale of the developed lots to related or third-party residential builders, or individual borrowers. Loan proceeds are disbursed in increments as development progresses and as inspections warrant, and regular inspections are required to monitor the progress of development through completion. In underwriting construction loans, we consider the property owner's and/or guarantor's financial strength, expertise, credit history, and the projected cash flow of the saleable lots.

 Land development financing is considered to involve a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved real estate. Risk of loss on a development loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of development costs and of the respective values of the completed lots. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, we may be confronted with a project, when completed, having a value which is insufficient to assure full repayment. We attempt to reduce such risks on development loans by including a contingency amount in the financing package, through inspections of construction progress on the property, by reviewing the developers financial strength and past projects, and requiring personal guarantees.

 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate loans are secured by one to four family residential properties and include owner occupied, non-owner occupied, construction, and home equity loans. Credit approval for residential real estate loans requires demonstration of sufficient income to repay the principal and interest and the real estate taxes and insurance, stability of employment, an established credit record and an appropriately appraised value of the real estate securing the loan that generally requires that the residential real estate loan amount be no more than 85% of the purchase price or the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan unless the borrower purchases private mortgage insurance. Residential mortgage loans to purchase or refinance existing homes are fixed or variable rate and contain amortization periods of up to thirty years. Residential construction loans are secured by mortgages on the subdivided lot, have a fixed rate interest only period of up to 18-months, and may convert to a fixed or variable rate loan with amortization periods of up to thirty years.

 Consumer: The Company originates direct and indirect consumer loans, primarily automobile loans, personal lines of credit, and unsecured consumer loans in its primary market areas. Credit approval for consumer loans requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms and lower balances as compared to real estate mortgage loans, and generally carry higher risks of default. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances and economic conditions. Consumer loans generally have fixed rates and amortization periods up to 84 months.

 In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the general component. Specific reserves in the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower's industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

 Individually evaluated loans include the third-party residential mortgage warehouse line-of-credit, nonaccrual loans, modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and other loans deemed appropriate by management. Specific reserves on non-performing loans are typically based on management's best estimate of the fair value of collateral securing these loans, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

 The Company qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently captured in the general component but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. Management's adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be for trends in delinquencies, trends in the volume of loans, changes in underwriting standards, changes in the value of underlying collateral, the existence and effect of portfolio concentration, regulatory environment, economic conditions, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company's loan review function.

 Allowance for Loan Losses: Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 and the current expected credit loss model on July 1, 2023, the Company maintained an allowance for loan losses in accordance with the incurred loss model under previously applicable accounting standards. The allowance for loan losses was a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses were charged against the allowance when management believed the uncollectability of a loan balance was confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, were credited to the allowance. Management estimated the allowance balance required based on past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance were made for specific loans, but the entire allowance was available for any loan that, in management's judgment, should be charged-off.

 The allowance consisted of specific and general components. The specific component related to loans that were individually classified as impaired. The general component covered non-classified loans and was based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors.

 A loan was considered impaired when it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans, for which the terms had been modified, resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower was experiencing financial difficulties, were considered troubled debt restructurings, and classified as impaired. Factors considered by management in determining impairment included payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experienced insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally were not classified as impaired. Management determined the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

 Impairment was evaluated collectively for smaller-balance loans of similar nature such as residential mortgage, consumer loans and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan was impaired, a portion of the allowance was allocated so the loan was reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment was expected from the collateral. Loans were evaluated for impairment when payments were delayed, typically 90 days or more, or when it was probable that not all principal and interest amounts would be collected according to the original terms of the loan. Troubled debt restructurings were separately identified for impairment disclosures and were measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's effective interest rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring was considered a collateral dependent loan, the loan was reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted, the Company determined the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.

 The general component covered non-impaired loans and was based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. The historical loss experience was determined by portfolio segment and was based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent three-year period, depending on loan segment. This actual loss experience was supplemented with economic and other factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These factors included consideration of the following: levels of and trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; volume and severity of past due loans and other similar conditions; quality of the loan review system; value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

 Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. No allowance is recognized if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. Off-balance sheet credit exposures primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur, and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the income statement as a component of provision for credit losses.

 Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC): The Company has invested in LIHTCs through funds that assist corporations in investing in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that own, develop and operate low-income residential rental properties for purposes of qualifying for the LIHTCs. These investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method which recognizes the amortization of the investment in proportion to the tax credit and other tax benefits received.

 Other Real Estate and Repossessed Assets Owned: Real estate properties and other repossessed assets, which are primarily vehicles, acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of acquisition, establishing a new cost basis. Any reduction to fair value from the carrying value of the related loan at the time of acquisition is accounted for as a loan loss. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If the fair value declines after acquisition, a valuation allowance is recorded as a charge to income. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Gains and losses on disposition are reported as a charge to income.

 Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

 Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the owned asset and, for leasehold improvements, generally over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease facility or the estimated economic life of the improvement. Useful lives range from three years for software to thirty-nine and one-half years for buildings.

 Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance: The Bank has purchased single-premium life insurance policies to insure the lives of current and former participants in the salary continuation plan. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank had policies with total death benefits of $ 19,215 and total cash surrender values of $ 10,500. As of June 30, 2023, the Bank had policies with total death benefits of $ 19,167 and total cash surrender values of $ 10,222. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Tax-exempt income is recognized from the periodic increases in cash surrender value of these policies.

 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Core deposit intangible assets arise from whole bank or branch acquisitions and are measured at fair value and then are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill is not amortized but is assessed at least annually for impairment. Any such impairment will be recognized in the period identified. The Company has selected April 30 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company's balance sheet.

 Long-Term Assets: Premises, equipment and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.

 Repurchase Agreements: Substantially all repurchase agreement liabilities, which are classified as short-term borrowings, represent amounts advanced by various customers. Securities are pledged to cover these liabilities, which are not covered by federal deposit insurance.

 Retirement Plans: The Bank maintains a 401(k) savings and retirement plan covering all eligible employees and matching contributions are expensed as made. Salary continuation plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service.

 Income Taxes: The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. Income tax expense is the sum of the current-year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company applies a more likely than not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

 Earnings per Common Share: Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.

 Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for restricted stock awards issued to employees over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated by using the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred.

 Comprehensive Income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale, which are also recognized as a separate component of equity, net of tax.

 Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

 Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair value of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, discounted cash flows, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

 Dividend Restrictions: Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Bank to the holding company or by the holding company to shareholders.

 Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to the June 30, 2023 financial statements to be comparable to the June 30, 2024 presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on prior year net income or shareholders' equity.

 Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal Year 2024: In June 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU added a new Topic 326 to the codification and removed the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, companies generally recognized credit losses when it is probable that the loss had been incurred. ASU 2016-13 removes all current loss recognition thresholds and requires companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the corporation expects to collect over the instrument's contractual life. The new guidance also amended the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets.

 This guidance became effective for the Company on July 1, 2023 and was adopted using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Company's results for periods beginning after July 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while results for prior periods are presented in accordance with previously applicable accounting standards.

 At adoption, the Company recognized an incremental allowance for credit losses on loans of $52 and a liability for off-balance sheet unfunded commitments of $308. Additionally, a $285 decrease to the retained earnings account associated with the increased estimated credit losses was recorded along with the $75 tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 In March 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) and Vintage Disclosures. The guidance amended ASC 326 to eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring activities by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying TDR recognition and measurement guidance, creditors are required to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or continuation of the existing loan. The ASU requires enhanced disclosures related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination within the vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on July 1, 2023. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective: In December 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). The FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2023-09 will impact income tax disclosures, and the Company does not expect a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 NOTE 2 — SECURITIES

 The following tables summarize the amortized cost, fair value, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company's debt securities available-for-sale and gross unrecognized losses on the Company's debt securities held-to-maturity as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023:

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 Obligation of U.S Treasury

 $

 6,471

 $

 —

 $

 ( 219

)

 $

 6,252

 28,019

 ( 3,356

)

 85,917

 ( 8,233

)

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 94,303

 —

 ( 14,936

)

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 8,584

 —

 ( 1,752

)

 6,832

 U.S. Government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations – residential

 60,333

 ( 5,757

)

 17,039

 —

 ( 1,753

)

 $

 300,666

 $

 $

 ( 36,006

)

 $

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 $

 6,054

 $

 —

 $

 ( 524

)

 $

 5,530

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 Obligation of U.S Treasury

 $

 8,941

 $

 —

 $

 ( 533

)

 $

 8,408

 29,430

 ( 3,745

)

 25,692

 92,891

 ( 8,982

)

 83,972

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 104,689

 ( 15,066

)

 89,635

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 8,604

 —

 ( 1,809

)

 6,795

 U.S. Government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations – residential

 55,800

 ( 5,738

)

 50,070

 17,175

 —

 ( 2,142

)

 $

 317,530

 $

 $

 ( 38,015

)

 $

 279,605

 Cost

 Gross

 Gains

 Gross

 Fair

 Value

 $

 6,970

 $

 —

 $

 ( 676

)

 $

 6,294

 Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities during fiscal year 2024 and fiscal year 2023 were as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Proceeds from sales

 $

 8,092

 $

 16,472

 Gross realized gains

 Gross realized losses

 ( 94

)

 ( 73

)

 The income tax benefit related to the net realized losses amounted to $ 17 in fiscal year 2024 and the income tax provision related to the net realized gains amounted to $ 3 in fiscal year 2023.

 The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities at June 30, 2024 by expected maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, are shown separately.

 Cost

 Fair Value

 Due in one year or less

 $

 10,882

 $

 10,768

 Due after one year through five years

 27,808

 26,073

 Due after five years through ten years

 47,465

 42,536

 Due after ten years

 51,291

 44,558

 Total

 137,446

 123,935

 U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed and related securities

 163,220

 140,867

 Total

 $

 300,666

 $

 Cost

 Fair Value

 Due in one year or less

 $

 $

 Due after one year through five years

 2,303

 2,229

 Due after five years through ten years

 3,708

 3,259

 Total

 $

 6,054

 $

 5,530

 Securities with a carrying value of approximately $ 153,908 and $ 137,896 were pledged at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to secure public deposits and commitments as required or permitted by law. At June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than obligations of U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, with an aggregate book value greater than 10% of shareholders' equity.

 The following table summarizes the securities with unrealized and unrecognized losses at June 30, 2024 and 2023, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

 Less than 12 Months

 12 Months or more

 Total

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Obligations of U.S Treasury

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 6,252

 $

 ( 219

)

 $

 6,252

 $

 ( 219

)

 ( 4

)

 22,899

 ( 3,352

)

 23,052

 ( 3,356

)

 8,110

 ( 148

)

 63,612

 ( 8,085

)

 71,722

 ( 8,233

)

 Mortgage-backed securities – residential

 1,010

 ( 3

)

 78,357

 ( 14,933

)

 ( 14,936

)

 Mortgage-backed securities – commercial

 —

 —

 6,832

 ( 1,752

)

 6,832

 ( 1,752

)

 Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential

 10,363

 ( 96

)

 36,049

 ( 5,661

)

 46,412

 ( 5,757

)

 —

 —

 ( 1,753

)

 ( 1,753

)

 Total

 $

 19,636

 $

 ( 251

)

 $

 229,287

 $

 ( 35,755

)

 $

 248,923

 $

 ( 36,006

)

 Less than 12 Months

 12 Months or more

 Total

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 5,530

 $

 ( 524

)

 $

 5,530

 $

 ( 524

)

 Less than 12 Months

 12 Months or more

 Total

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair
 Value

 Loss

 Fair
 Value

 Loss

 Obligations of U.S Treasury

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 8,408

 $

 ( 533

)

 $

 8,408

 $

 ( 533

)

 1,008

 ( 10

)

 23,551

 ( 3,735

)

 24,559

 ( 3,745

)

 16,009

 ( 344

)

 62,492

 ( 8,638

)

 78,501

 ( 8,982

)

 Mortgage-backed securities – residential

 3,334

 ( 84

)

 85,096

 ( 14,982

)

 88,430

 ( 15,066

)

 Mortgage-backed securities – commercial

 —

 —

 6,795

 ( 1,809

)

 6,795

 ( 1,809

)

 Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential

 22,039

 ( 638

)

 27,023

 ( 5,100

)

 49,062

 ( 5,738

)

 —

 —

 ( 2,142

)

 ( 2,142

)

 Total

 $

 42,390

 $

 ( 1,076

)

 $

 228,398

 $

 ( 36,939

)

 $

 270,788

 $

 ( 38,015

)

 Less than 12 Months

 12 Months or more

 Total

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 Fair

 Value

 Loss

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 6,294

 $

 ( 676

)

 $

 6,294

 $

 ( 676

)

 As of June 30, 2024, there were 410 available-for-sale securities, of which 385 were in an unrealized loss position. Also, there were four held-to-maturity securities all of which were in an unrecognized loss position as of June 30, 2024. The Company evaluates all securities in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis to determine if an ACL and corresponding impairment charge should be recorded. Consideration is given to the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value of the amortized cost. No ACL was recorded in the year ended June 30, 2024 and no other-than-temporary impairment charges were recorded in the year ended June 30, 2023.

 The Company's mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. The Company does not own any private label mortgage-backed securities. The Company's municipal bond portfolio consists of tax-exempt and taxable general obligation and revenue bonds to a broad range of counties, towns, school districts, and other essential service providers. As of June 30, 2024, 98.2% of the municipal bonds held in the available-for-sale portfolio had a S&P or Moody's investment grade rating, and 1.8% were non-rated issues. The municipal bonds in the held-to-maturity portfolio are all non-rated issues to local entities that are also deposit customers. The other debt securities consist of subordinated notes issued by other bank holding companies. The issuers of all securities owned by the Company continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the securities' contractual terms. The unrealized losses related to these securities have not been recognized into income because the decline in fair value is not attributed to credit quality, management does not intend to sell the securities, and it is not likely that management will be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The unrealized losses on these securities are primarily due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased and increased credit spreads. The securities' fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline.

 As of June 30, 2024, the Company owned equity securities with an amortized cost of $ 400. The following table presents the net unrealized gains and losses on equity securities recognized in earnings for the twelve months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. There were no realized gains or losses on the sale of equity securities during the periods presented.

 2024

 2023

 Unrealized loss recognized on equity securities held at the end of the period

 $

 ( 5

)

 $

 ( 14

)

 Total unrealized losses recognized on equity securities still held at the reporting date

 ( 19

)

 ( 14

)

 NOTE 3 — LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

 Major classifications of loans were as follows as of June 30:

 2024

 2023

 $

 127,782

 $

 112,558

 163,856

 151,005

 146,827

 140,002

 38,898

 40,606

 Land development

 12,654

 11,004

 1-4 family residential real estate

 196,098

 189,312

 72,915

 65,617

 Subtotal

 759,030

 710,104

 Unamortized deferred loan costs, net

 Allowance for credit losses

 ( 7,930

)

 ( 7,724

)

 Net loans

 $

 751,184

 $

 702,638

 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for year ended June 30, 2024.

 1-4 Family

 Residential

 &

 Real

 Land

 Real

 Industrial

 Development

 Total

 ACL beginning balance

 $

 1,308

 $

 3,943

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 1,571

 $

 $

 7,724

 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

 ( 455

)

 ( 53

)

 ( 97

)

 Provision for expected credit losses

 ( 240

)

 ( 4

)

 ( 224

)

 Charge-offs

 ( 6

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 560

)

 ( 566

)

 Recoveries

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ACL ending balance

 $

 1,144

 $

 3,650

 $

 $

 $

 2,018

 $

 $

 7,930

 Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company updated its classifications of loans and its determination of credit losses. For the year ended June 30, 2023, Farmland and Land Development loans were included within Commercial Real Estate. For the year ended June 30, 2024, these loan classes have been separately presented.

 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the year ended June 30, 2023:

 1-4 Family

 Residential

 Real

 Real

 Total

 Allowance for loan losses:

 Beginning balance

 $

 $

 3,927

 $

 1,645

 $

 $

 7,160

 Provision for loan losses

 ( 72

)

 Loans charged-off

 —

 —

 ( 6

)

 ( 441

)

 ( 447

)

 Recoveries

 —

 Total ending allowance balance

 $

 1,308

 $

 3,943

 $

 1,571

 $

 $

 7,724

 The following table presents the amortized cost of non-accrual loans by class as of June 30, 2024:

 Interest Income

 Non-accrual

 Total

 Recognized during

 loans with

 Non-accrual

 the period on

 no ACL

 loans

 non-accrual loans

 $

 $

 $

 —

 1 – 4 family residential real estate

 Total

 $

 $

 $

 The following table presents the recorded investment of non-accrual loans by class as of June 30, 2023:

 Non-accrual

 Commercial Real Estate:

 Other

 $

 1 – 4 family residential:

 Total

 $

 The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost of past due loans as of June 30, 2024 by class of loans:

 Loans 90

 Days Past Due

 Days Past

 30 – 59

 60 - 89

 90 Days or

 Total

 Loans Not

 Due and

 Days

 Days

 Greater

 Past Due

 Past Due

 Total

 Accruing

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 $

 $

 127,503

 $

 127,811

 $

 —

 —

 163,043

 163,543

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Land development

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1 – 4 family residential real estate

 —

 196,691

 197,143

 71,985

 72,674

 Total

 $

 1,180

 $

 $

 $

 1,949

 $

 757,165

 $

 759,114

 $

 The above table of past due loans includes the recorded investment in non-accrual loans of $ 187 in the loan not past due category and $ 587 in the 90 days or greater category.

 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of June 30, 2023 by class of loans:

 Loans 90

 Days Past Due

 Days Past

 30 – 59

 60 - 89

 90 Days or

 Total

 Loans Not

 Due and

 Days

 Days

 Greater

 Past Due

 Past Due

 Total

 Accruing

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 112,826

 $

 112,826

 $

 —

 Construction

 —

 —

 —

 —

 23,996

 23,996

 —

 Other

 —

 —

 318,654

 318,705

 —

 1-4 family residential:

 —

 158,296

 158,437

 —

 —

 —

 23,885

 23,888

 —

 Construction

 —

 —

 —

 —

 8,514

 8,514

 —

 64,986

 65,594

 Total

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 711,157

 $

 711,960

 $

 The above table of past due loans includes the recorded investment in non-accrual loans of $ 54 in the 90 days or greater category. Also, included in the recorded investment in loans is $ 1,598 of accrued interest receivable.

 Credit Quality Indicators:

 The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, current economic trends and other relevant information. At the time of origination, the Company analyzes all commercial loans individually and classifies the loans by credit risk. Management regularly monitors commercial loans for any changes in the borrowers' ability to service their debt and completes an annual review to confirm the risk rating for those loans with total outstanding loan relationships greater than $500. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

 Pass. Loans classified as pass exhibit a wide array of characteristics but at a minimum represent minimal level of risk and are considered collectable. Borrowers in this rating may have leveraged but acceptable balance sheet positions, satisfactory asset quality, stable to favorable sales and earnings trends, acceptable liquidity, and adequate cash flow. While generally adhering to credit policy, these loans may exhibit occasional exceptions that do not result in undue risk. Borrowers are generally capable of absorbing setbacks, financial and otherwise.

 Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution's credit position at some future date.

 Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

 Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

 Not Rated. Loans listed as not rated are included in groups of homogeneous loans. Past due information is the primary credit indicator for groups of homogenous loans.

 Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following tables present the amortized cost by internal risk category and class of commercial loans as of June 30, 2024:

 Revolving

 Revolving

 Loans

 Loans

 Term Loans by Origination Year

 Converted

 2024

 2023

 2022

 2021

 2020

 Prior

 Cost Basis

 To Term

 Total

 Pass

 $

 43,540

 $

 24,263

 $

 28,588

 $

 7,370

 $

 3,448

 $

 3,954

 $

 14,868

 $

 $

 126,124

 —

 —

 1,615

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total Commercial & Industrial

 $

 43,691

 $

 24,330

 $

 29,157

 $

 7,390

 $

 3,448

 $

 4,015

 $

 15,687

 $

 $

 127,811

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 Owner occupied:

 Pass

 $

 16,207

 $

 20,615

 $

 34,572

 $

 21,405

 $

 14,877

 $

 41,035

 $

 11,684

 $

 —

 $

 160,395

 —

 —

 —

 1,708

 —

 2,829

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total owner occupied

 $

 16,207

 $

 20,615

 $

 34,572

 $

 22,069

 $

 15,197

 $

 43,048

 $

 11,835

 $

 —

 $

 163,543

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Non-owner occupied:

 Pass

 $

 16,395

 $

 37,241

 $

 22,324

 $

 23,564

 $

 11,616

 $

 34,570

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total non-owner occupied

 $

 16,395

 $

 37,241

 $

 22,324

 $

 23,564

 $

 11,616

 $

 34,570

 $

 $

 —

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Farmland:

 Pass

 $

 1,543

 $

 5,854

 $

 5,867

 $

 5,309

 $

 2,280

 $

 16,591

 $

 1,201

 $

 $

 38,788

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total Farmland

 $

 1,543

 $

 5,854

 $

 5,867

 $

 5,309

 $

 2,280

 $

 16,602

 $

 1,201

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Land Development:

 Pass

 $

 4,449

 $

 2,005

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 4,507

 $

 —

 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total Land Development

 $

 4,449

 $

 2,005

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 4,507

 $

 —

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Total:

 Pass

 $

 82,134

 $

 89,978

 $

 91,704

 $

 58,160

 $

 32,506

 $

 96,654

 $

 33,079

 $

 $

 484,451

 1,780

 —

 4,455

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total

 $

 82,285

 $

 90,045

 $

 92,273

 $

 58,844

 $

 32,826

 $

 98,739

 $

 34,049

 $

 $

 489,297

 Management monitors the credit risk profile by payment activity for residential and consumer loan classes. Loans past due 90 days or more and loans on nonaccrual are considered nonperforming. The following table presents the amortized cost of residential real estate and consumer loans based on payment status as of June 30, 2024:

 Revolving

 Revolving

 Loans

 Loans

 Term Loans by Origination Year

 Converted

 2024

 2023

 2022

 2021

 2020

 Prior

 Cost Basis

 To Term

 Total

 1 – 4 family residential real estate:

 Performing

 $

 16,675

 $

 23,451

 $

 29,857

 $

 54,816

 $

 18,891

 $

 28,792

 $

 24,235

 $

 $

 196,798

 Nonperforming

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total 1-4 family residential real estate

 $

 16,675

 $

 23,451

 $

 30,134

 $

 54,816

 $

 18,891

 $

 28,860

 $

 24,235

 $

 $

 197,143

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Consumer:

 Performing

 $

 29,800

 $

 25,179

 $

 12,422

 $

 4,241

 $

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 72,658

 Nonperforming

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total consumer

 $

 29,808

 $

 25,179

 $

 12,430

 $

 4,241

 $

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 72,674

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 Total:

 Performing

 $

 46,475

 $

 48,630

 $

 42,279

 $

 59,057

 $

 19,477

 $

 29,028

 $

 24,429

 $

 $

 269,456

 Nonperforming

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total

 $

 46,483

 $

 48,630

 $

 42,564

 $

 59,057

 $

 19,477

 $

 29,096

 $

 24,429

 $

 $

 269,817

 As of June 30, 2023 the recorded investment by risk category of loans by class of loans was as follows:

 Pass

 Special

 Mention

 Not Rated

 Total

 $

 110,928

 $

 1,174

 $

 $

 —

 $

 112,826

 Construction

 23,996

 —

 —

 —

 —

 23,996

 Other

 310,427

 7,097

 318,705

 1-4 Family residential real estate:

 2,013

 —

 —

 156,407

 158,437

 23,474

 23,888

 Construction

 3,227

 —

 —

 —

 5,287

 8,514

 —

 —

 —

 64,997

 65,594

 Total

 $

 474,662

 $

 8,321

 $

 1,163

 $

 $

 227,760

 711,960

 Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

 Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to maximize collection of loan balances by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than insignificant payment delay, or an interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Company may provide multiple types of concessions on one loan. If principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. There were no modifications of loans to borrowers in financial distress completed during the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2024.

 As of June 30, 2023, under previous accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), the Company had $ 351 of loans classified as TDRs. There were no specific reserves allocated to these loans and TDRs were also included as impaired loans. For the year ended June 30, 2023, there were no loans modified that were classified as a TDR and there were no loans classified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within 12 months following the modification. A loan was considered in payment default once it was 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

 Collateral Dependent Loans

 A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost of collateral dependent loans and the related allowance for credit losses allocated to these loans:

 June 30, 2024:

 Real Estate

 Other

 ACL

 $

 —

 $

 $

 —

 —

 $

 $

 $

 Impaired Loans

 The following impaired loan information relates to required disclosures under the previous incurred loan loss methodology and are only presented with prior period information.

 The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of June 30, 2023. Included in the recorded investment in loans is $1,598 of accrued interest receivable.

 1-4 Family

 Residential

 Real

 Real

 Total

 Allowance for loan losses:

 Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:

 Individually evaluated for impairment

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment

 —

 —

 Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment

 1,308

 3,903

 1,497

 7,610

 Total ending allowance balance

 $

 1,308

 $

 3,943

 $

 1,571

 $

 $

 7,724

 Recorded investment in loans:

 Loans individually evaluated for impairment

 $

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 Acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment

 6,953

 23,038

 1,230

 31,843

 Originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment

 111,890

 335,660

 167,798

 64,364

 679,712

 Total ending loans balance

 $

 112,826

 $

 342,701

 $

 190,839

 $

 65,594

 $

 711,960

 The following table presents information related to loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of and for the year ended June 30, 2023:

 Unpaid

 Allowance

 for

 Cash Basis

 Principal

 Recorded

 Loan Losses

 Recorded

 Income

 Balance

 Investment

 Allocated

 Investment

 Recognized

 Recognized

 With no related allowance recorded:

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 $

 $

 Other

 —

 1-4 Family residential real estate:

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Total

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 $

 $

 NOTE 4 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

 Major classifications of premises and equipment were as follows as of June 30:

 2024

 2023

 Land

 $

 2,417

 $

 2,417

 Land improvements

 Building and leasehold improvements

 15,944

 15,973

 Furniture, fixture and equipment

 8,411

 7,600

 Total premises and equipment

 27,244

 26,404

 Accumulated depreciation and amortization

 ( 10,317

)

 ( 9,222

)

 Premises and equipment, net

 $

 16,927

 $

 17,182

 Depreciation expenses were $ 1,095 and $ 1,051 for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 As of June 30, 2024, the Company leased real estate for seven office locations and various equipment under operating lease agreements. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from one year or less to May 31, 2035, including extension periods. Lease agreements for three locations have a lease term of 12 months or less and are therefore considered short-term leases. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion. The majority of renewals to extend the lease terms are included in our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as they are reasonably certain of exercise. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use the fully collateralized FHLB borrowing rate, commensurate with the lease terms based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The weighted average remaining life of the lease term for the leases with a term over 12 months was 7.25 years as of June 30, 2024 and the weighted-average discount rate was 1.94 %.

 Rent expense for all the operating leases was $ 245 and $ 254 for the twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, the right-of-use asset, included in premises and equipment, was $ 777 and the lease liability, included in other liabilities, was $ 809.

 Total estimated rental commitments for the operating leases with a term over 12 months were as follows as of June 30, 2024:

 Period Ending June 30

 2025

 $

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 Thereafter

 Total undiscounted cash flows

 $

 Less: present value discount

 $

 ( 52

)

 Total lease liabilities

 $

 NOTE 5 – GOODWILL AND ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 The balance of goodwill was $ 2,452 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. The following table summarizes the Company's acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2024 and 2023.

 Gross Carrying

 Accumulated

 Amortization

 Gross Carrying

 Accumulated

 Amortization

 Core deposit intangible

 $

 $

 $

 $

 Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. Impairment exists when a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. For the goodwill impairment analysis, the Company is the only reporting unit. Management performed a quantitative impairment assessment at April 30, 2024. The assessment estimated fair value on an income approach that incorporated a discounted cash flow model that involved management assumptions based upon future growth and earnings projections. The results of the assessment indicated no impairment as of the measurement date. Goodwill is the only intangible asset on the Company's balance sheet with an indefinite life. Management will continue to monitor its goodwill for possible impairment.

 The core deposit intangible asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over ten years. The Company recorded intangible amortization expense of $ 57 in 2024 and $ 56 in 2023. The intangible amortization expense is expected to be $ 57 per year for each of the next four fiscal years and $ 129 thereafter.

 NOTE 6 — DEPOSITS

 Interest-bearing deposits as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Demand

 $

 142,261

 $

 152,053

 Savings and money market

 351,305

 335,231

 Time:

 $250 and over

 59,233

 46,822

 Other

 195,094

 167,521

 Total

 $

 747,893

 $

 701,627

 Scheduled maturities of time deposits at June 30, 2024 were as follows:

 Twelve Months Ending June 30

 2025

 $

 243,472

 2026

 8,842

 2027

 1,240

 2028

 2029

 Thereafter

 $

 254,327

 NOTE 7 — SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

 Short-term borrowings consisted of federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements, a loan from the Federal Reserve Bank's Bank Term Funding Program, and a line of credit for the Company. Information concerning all short-term borrowings at June 30, 2024 and 2023, maturing in less than one year is summarized as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Balance at June 30

 $

 $

 Average balance during the year

 27,041

 22,603

 Maximum month-end balance

 36,902

 Average interest rate during the year

 2.60

 %

 1.76

 %

 Weighted average rate, June 30

 2.97

 %

 2.20

 %

 In fiscal year 2024, the Company obtained a loan from the Federal Reserve Bank's Bank Term Funding Program for $ 10,000. Also, the Company has an unsecured $ 5,000 line of credit to provide capital support to the holding company. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was zero as of June 30, 2024 and $ 1,200 as of June 30, 2023. Repurchase agreements are financing arrangements that mature daily and are used to facilitate the needs of our customers. Physical control of all the securities is maintained for all securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements. Available-for-sale securities pledged for repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the following table:

 Overnight and Continuous

 2024

 2023

 U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies pledged

 $

 3,835

 $

 3,730

 Residential mortgage-backed securities pledged

 17,911

 19,648

 Commercial mortgage-backed securities

 3,401

 3,641

 Total pledged

 $

 25,147

 $

 27,019

 Repurchase agreements

 $

 18,307

 $

 23,783

 Total interest expense on short-term borrowings was $ 702 and $ 397 for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 NOTE 8 — FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES

 A summary of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances were as follows:

 Stated Interest Rate

 Range

 Weighted

 Weighted

 Advance Type

 From

 To

 Rate

 Rate

 Fixed rate, amortizing

 1.37

 %

 1.37

 %

 $

 1.37

 %

 $

 1.37

 %

 Fixed rate

 0.90

 1.18

 8,000

 1.04

 8,000

 1.04

 Variable rate

 5.46

 5.46

 5,600

 5.46

 5.19

 Each fixed rate advance has a prepayment penalty equal to the present value of 100 % of the lost cash flow based upon the difference between the contract rate on the advance and the current rate on a comparable new advance. The following table is a summary of the scheduled principal payments for all advances as of June 30, 2024:

 Twelve Months Ending June 30

 Principal

 Payments

 2025

 $

 9,600

 2026

 2027

 —

 2028

 —

 2029

 —

 Thereafter

 4,000

 Total

 $

 13,709

 Pursuant to collateral agreements with FHLB, advances are secured by all the stock invested in the FHLB and certain qualifying first mortgage and multi-family loans. The advances were collateralized by $ 182,257 and $ 169,993 of first mortgage and multi-family loans under a blanket lien arrangement at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Based on this collateral, the Bank was eligible to borrow up to a total of $ 99,814 in additional advances at June 30, 2024.

 NOTE 9 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

 The Bank maintains a 401(k) savings and retirement plan that permits eligible employees to make before- or after-tax contributions to the plan, subject to the dollar limits from Internal Revenue Service regulations. The Bank matches 100 % of the employee's voluntary contributions to the plan based on the amount of each participant's contributions up to a maximum of 4 % of eligible compensation. All regular full-time and part-time employees who complete 90 days of service and are at least 18 years of age are eligible to participate. Amounts charged to operations were $ 417 and $ 390 for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 The Bank maintains a nonqualified Salary Continuation Plan (SCP) to reward and encourage certain Bank executives to remain employees of the Bank. The SCP is considered an unfunded plan for tax and Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) purposes and all obligations arising under the SCP are payable from the general assets of the Company. The estimated present value of future benefits to be paid to certain current and former executives totaled $ 3,997 as of June 30, 2024 and $ 3,687 as of June 30, 2023 and is included in other liabilities. For purposes of calculating the present value of future benefits, a discount rate of 6.0 % was used to project the liability through June 30, 2024 and 5.75 % was used at June 30, 2023. For the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, $ 452 and $ 256, respectively, have been charged to expense in connection with the SCP. Distributions to participants were $ 142 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 and $ 133 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 The Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2010 Plan) is a nonqualified share-based compensation plan. The 2010 Plan was established to promote alignment between key employees' performance and the Company's shareholder interests by motivating performance through the award of stock-based compensation. The purpose of the 2010 Plan was to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees and compensate outside directors for their service to the Company. The 2010 Plan was approved by the Company's shareholders. The Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors has sole authority to select the employees, establish the awards to be issued, and approve the terms and conditions of each award contract.

 Under the 2010 Plan, the Company could grant, among other things, nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or any combination thereof to any employee and outside director. Each award was evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the number of shares awarded, the vesting period, the performance requirements, and such other provisions as the Compensation Committee determines. Upon a change-in-control of the Company, as defined in the 2010 Plan, all outstanding awards immediately vest.

 The Company has granted restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to certain employees and directors. Restricted stock units and awards are issued at no cost to the recipient and can be settled in shares or cash at the end of the vesting period depending on the type of award. Restricted stock awards are made at the end of the measurement period once certain specified performance targets as established by the Compensation Committee are achieved with some awards fully vesting on the date of grant and others vesting 25 % on the grant date, with the remaining vesting 25 % per year over a three-year period. Restricted stock awards provide the holder with dividends during the vesting period. Cash dividends are reinvested into shares of stock and are subject to the same restrictions and vesting as the initial award. Restricted stock units begin to vest at the end of the measurement period once certain specified performance targets as established by the Compensation Committee are achieved. Some units, primarily the awards made to directors and senior management, are 100 % vested at the end of the measurement period. For other unit awards, primarily the awards made to executive management, 25 % vest at the end of the performance period, with the remaining vesting 25 % per year over a three-year period. The fair value of the restricted stock units and awards, which is used to measure compensation expense, is the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant and compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period. All dividends are forfeitable in the event the shares do not vest.

 The following table summarizes the status of the restricted stock awards and restricted stock units:

 Restricted

 Stock

 Awards

 Weighted-

 Grant Date

 Fair

 Value Per

 Share

 Restricted

 Stock

 Units

 Weighted-

 Grant

 Date Fair

 Value Per

 Share

 Outstanding at June 30, 2023

 23,044

 $

 19.46

 9,078

 $

 18.74

 Granted

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Vested

 ( 10,283

)

 19.24

 ( 3,027

)

 18.74

 Non-vested at June 30, 2024

 12,761

 $

 19.65

 6,051

 $

 18.74

 There was $ 229 in expense recognized in fiscal year 2024 and $ 579 in expense recognized in fiscal year 2023 in connection with the restricted stock units and awards. As of June 30, 2024, there was $ 240 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested shares and a weighted-average expense recognition period of 1.3 years.

 NOTE 10 — INCOME TAXES

 The provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended June 30, calculated utilizing a statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0 %:

 2024

 2023

 Current income taxes

 $

 2,087

 $

 2,344

 Deferred income tax benefit

 ( 242

)

 ( 96

)

 Total income tax expense

 $

 1,845

 $

 2,248

 The net deferred income tax asset (liability) consisted of the following components at June 30:

 2024

 2023

 Deferred tax assets:

 Allowance for credit losses

 $

 1,743

 $

 1,622

 Deferred compensation

 1,026

 Partnership investment

 —

 Deferred income

 Non-accrual loan interest income

 Net unrealized securities loss

 7,532

 7,964

 Other

 Gross deferred tax asset

 10,612

 10,626

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Depreciation

 ( 776

)

 ( 783

)

 Loan fees

 ( 663

)

 ( 640

)

 FHLB stock dividends

 ( 102

)

 ( 102

)

 Prepaid expenses

 ( 176

)

 ( 150

)

 Intangible assets

 ( 258

)

 ( 199

)

 Gross deferred tax liabilities

 ( 1,975

)

 ( 1,874

)

 Net deferred asset

 $

 8,637

 $

 8,752

 The difference between the provision for income taxes and amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate of 21.0% to income before taxes consisted of the following for the years ended June 30:

 2024

 2023

 Income taxes computed at the statutory rate on pretax income

 $

 2,189

 $

 2,714

 Tax exempt income

 ( 221

)

 ( 400

)

 Cash surrender value income

 ( 58

)

 ( 55

)

 Affordable housing tax credit

 ( 66

)

 —

 Tax credit

 ( 16

)

 ( 17

)

 Other non-deductible expenses

 Total income tax expense

 $

 1,845

 $

 2,248

 The effective tax rate was 17.7 % for the year ended June 30, 2024 compared to 17.4 % for the year ended June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits recorded. The Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase within the next twelve months. There were no interest or penalties recorded for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and there were no amounts accrued for interest and penalties at June 30, 2024 and 2023.

 The Company and the Bank are subject to U.S. federal income tax as an income-based tax and a capital-based financial institutions tax in the State of Ohio. The Company and the Bank are no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for years before 2020.

 NOTE 11 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has granted loans to certain executive officers, directors, and their affiliates. A summary of activity during the year ended June 30, 2024 of related party loans were as follows:

 Principal balance, July 1

 $

 2,657

 New loans, net of refinancing

 Repayments

 ( 729

)

 Principal balance, June 30

 $

 2,113

 Deposits from executive officers, directors and their affiliates totaled $ 5,569 at June 30, 2024 and $ 6,100 at June 30, 2023.

 NOTE 12 — REGULATORY MATTERS

 Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective-action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements.

 The prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and plans for capital restoration are required.

 As of fiscal year-end 2024 and 2023, the Company met the definition of a Small Bank Holding Company and, therefore, was exempt from maintaining consolidated regulatory capital ratios. Instead, regulatory capital ratios only apply at the subsidiary bank level. The Basel III Capital Rules include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 % that is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes as of June 30, 2024, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject.

 The following table presents actual and required capital ratios as of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 for the Bank:

 Actual

 Minimum Capital

 Required – Basel III

 (1)

 Minimum Required

 To Be Considered Well

 Capitalized

 Ratio

 Ratio

 Ratio

 Common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets

 $

 89.2

 11.07

 %

 $

 36.2

 4.50

 %

 $

 52.4

 6.50

 %

 Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 89.2

 11.07

 48.3

 6.00

 64.4

 8.00

 Total capital to risk weighted assets

 97.2

 12.07

 64.4

 8.00

 80.6

 10.00

 Tier 1 capital to average assets

 89.2

 7.98

 44.7

 4.00

 55.9

 5.00

 Actual

 Minimum Capital

 Required -

 Basel III (1)

 Minimum Required

 To Be Considered Well

 Capitalized

 Ratio

 Ratio

 Ratio

 Common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets

 $

 83.5

 11.05

 %

 $

 34.0

 4.50

 %

 $

 49.1

 6.50

 %

 Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 83.5

 11.05

 45.4

 6.00

 60.5

 8.00

 Total capital to risk weighted assets

 91.2

 12.07

 60.5

 8.00

 75.6

 10.00

 Tier 1 capital to average assets

 83.5

 7.72

 43.3

 4.00

 54.1

 5.00

 (1)

 These amounts exclude the capital conservation buffer.

 As of the latest regulatory examination, the Bank was categorized as well capitalized. There are no conditions or events since that examination that management believes may have changed the Bank's category.

 The Company's principal source of funds for dividend payment is dividends received from the Bank. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval of regulatory agencies. Under these regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year's net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years, subject to the capital requirements described above. As of June 30, 2024 the Bank could, without prior approval, declare a dividend of approximately $ 18,593.

 NOTE 13 — COMMITMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

 The Bank is a party to commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. Commitments are agreements to lend to customers providing that there are no violations of any condition established in the contract. Commitments to extend credit have a fixed expiration date or other termination clause. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk more than the amount recognized in the statements of financial position. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

 The Bank evaluates each customer's credit on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer. The amount of commitments to extend credit and the exposure to credit loss for non-performance by the customer (before considering collateral) was $ 144,616 and $ 142,767 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, $ 130,955 of the commitments carried variable rates and $ 13,661 carried fixed rates with interest rates ranging from 3.05 % to 10.50 % with maturity dates from July 2024 to January 2056. As of June 30, 2023, $ 126,698 of the commitments carried variable rates and $ 16,069 carried fixed rates with interest rates ranging from 3.05 % to 11.00 % with maturity dates from July 2023 to August 2060. Financial standby letters of credit were $ 1,180 and $ 1,178 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, commitments to extend credit of $ 11,298 and $ 11,834 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were available to checking account customers related to the overdraft protection program. Since some loan commitments expire without being used, the amount does not necessarily represent future cash commitments.

 NOTE 14 — FAIR VALUE

 Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

 Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

 Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

 Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

 Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:

 Securities available-for-sale and equity securities: When available, the fair values of available-for-sale and equity securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs). For securities where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).

 Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

 Fair Value Measurements at

 June 30, 2024 Using

 Assets:

 Balance at

 Level 1

 Level 2

 Level 3

 Obligations of U.S. treasury

 $

 6,252

 $

 6,252

 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 —

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 —

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 6,832

 —

 6,832

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Fair Value Measurements at

 June 30, 2023 Using

 Assets:

 Balance at

 Level 1

 Level 2

 Level 3

 Obligations of U.S. treasury

 $

 8,408

 $

 8,408

 $

 —

 —

 25,692

 —

 25,692

 —

 Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 83,972

 —

 83,972

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities - residential

 89,635

 —

 89,635

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities – commercial

 6,795

 —

 6,795

 —

 U.S. government-sponsored collateralized mortgage obligations

 50,070

 —

 50,070

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the 2024 or the 2023 fiscal year.

 Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include the following:

 Collateral Dependent Loans: The fair value of collateral dependent loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. Collateral dependent individually evaluated loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses or are charged down to their fair value. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. There were no collateral dependent individually evaluated loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2024. There were no impaired loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2023.

 Other Real Estate and Repossessed Assets Owned: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to their initial recognition, these assets are remeasured at fair value, which is the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell, through a write-down included in other non-interest expenses. Real estate owned properties and other repossessed assets, which are primarily vehicles, are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. There were no such fair value measurement adjustments recorded during June 30, 2024 or June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024 there were no other real estate owned and other repossessed assets. As of June 30, 2023 the balance of other real estate owned was $ 124.

 The following table shows the estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

 2024

 2023

 Carrying

 Estimated

 Fair

 Value

 Carrying

 Estimated

 Fair

 Value

 Financial Assets:

 Level 1 inputs:

 Cash and cash equivalents

 $

 17,723

 $

 17,723

 $

 $

 Level 2 inputs:

 Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions

 —

 —

 2,501

 2,450

 Loans held for sale

 Accrued interest receivable

 3,560

 3,560

 3,024

 3,024

 Level 3 inputs:

 Securities held-to-maturity

 6,054

 5,530

 6,970

 6,294

 Loans, net

 751,184

 714,205

 702,638

 656,737

 Financial Liabilities:

 Level 2 inputs:

 Demand and savings deposits

 718,653

 718,653

 738,190

 738,190

 Time deposits

 254,327

 253,458

 214,343

 211,856

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 13,709

 12,672

 8,776

 7,678

 Accrued interest payable

 The assumptions used to estimate fair value are described as follows:

 Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying value of cash and deposits in other financial institutions were considered to approximate fair value resulting in a Level 1 classification.

 Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions: Fair value of certificates of deposit in other financial institutions was estimated using current rates for deposits of similar remaining maturities resulting in a Level 2 classification.

 Accrued interest receivable and payable, demand and savings deposits and short-term borrowings: The carrying value of accrued interest receivable and payable, demand and savings deposits and short-term borrowings were considered to approximate fair value due to their short-term duration resulting in a Level 2 classification.

 Loans held for sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts and quotes from third party investors resulting in a Level 2 classification.

 Loans: Fair value for loans was estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk. The fair value of fixed-rate loans and variable-rate loans which reprice on an infrequent basis is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality resulting in a Level 3 classification. An overall valuation adjustment is made for specific credit risks as well as general portfolio credit risk.

 Securities held-to-maturity: The held-to-maturity securities are general obligation and revenue bonds issued by local municipalities. The fair value of these securities are calculated using a spread to the applicable municipal fair market curve resulting in a Level 3 classification.

 Time deposits: Fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit was estimated using the rates offered at June 30, 2024 and 2023 for deposits of similar remaining maturities, resulting in Level 2 classification. Estimated fair value does not include the benefit that results from low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances: Fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank advances was estimated using current rates at June 30, 2024 and 2023 for similar financing resulting in a Level 2 classification.

 Federal bank and other restricted stocks, at cost: Federal bank and other restricted stocks include stock acquired for regulatory purposes, such as Federal Home Loan Bank stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock that are accounted for at cost due to restrictions placed on their transferability, and, therefore, are not subject to the fair value disclosure requirements.

 Off-balance sheet commitments: The Company's lending commitments have variable interest rates and "escape" clauses if the customer's credit quality deteriorates. Therefore, the fair values of these items are not significant and are not included in the above table.

 NOTE 15 — AFFORDABLE HOUSING TAX CREDIT PARTNERSHIP

 In April 2023, the Company invested in a limited partnership that will in turn invest in qualified affordable housing projects that will generate tax benefits for the limited partner investors, including federal low-income housing tax credits pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. This partnership investment is an unconsolidated Variable Interest Entity (VIE) for which the Company holds an interest in but is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The purpose of this investment is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, to facilitate the sale of additional affordable housing product offerings, and to assist in achieving goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act. The primary activities of the limited partnership include the identification, development, and operation of multi-family housing that is leased to qualifying residential tenants. Generally, these types of investments are funded through a combination of debt and equity.

 The Company uses the proportional amortization method to account for its investment. The investment is included in other assets and the unfunded commitment is included in other liabilities. As a limited partner, there is no recourse to the Company by the creditors of the limited partnership; however, the tax credits are generally subject to recapture should the partnership fail to comply with the applicable government regulations.

 The following table summarizes the balances of the affordable housing tax credit investment and related unfunded commitment at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

 2024

 2023

 Affordable housing tax credit investment

 $

 10,250

 $

 10,250

 Less: amortization

 ( 397

)

 —

 Net affordable housing tax credit investment

 $

 9,853

 $

 10,250

 Unfunded commitments

 $

 8,279

 $

 9,668

 The following summarizes other information relating to the affordable housing tax credit investment for the twelve- month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

 Twelve Months Ended

 2024

 2023

 Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized

 $

 $

 —

 Proportional amortization expense included in provision for income taxes

 —

 NOTE 16 — PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 The condensed financial information of Consumers Bancorp. Inc. (parent company only) follows:

 Condensed Balance Sheets

 2024

 2023

 Assets:

 Cash

 $

 $

 Equity securities, at fair value

 Other assets

 Investment in subsidiary

 63,349

 56,328

 Total assets

 $

 63,810

 $

 56,762

 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

 $

 —

 $

 1,200

 Other liabilities

 Shareholders' equity

 63,685

 55,484

 Total liabilities & shareholders' equity

 $

 63,810

 $

 56,762

 Condensed Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

 Year Ended

 Year Ended

 Cash dividends from Bank subsidiary

 $

 3,205

 $

 1,575

 Dividend income

 Net change in market value of equity securities

 ( 5

)

 ( 14

)

 Other income

 —

 Interest expense

 ( 43

)

 ( 75

)

 Other expense

 ( 371

)

 ( 295

)

 Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary

 2,819

 1,238

 Income tax benefit

 ( 84

)

 ( 76

)

 Income before equity in undistributed net income of Bank subsidiary

 2,903

 1,314

 Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary

 5,677

 9,360

 $

 8,580

 $

 Comprehensive income

 $

 10,209

 $

 2,819

 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

 Year Ended

 Year Ended

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 $

 8,580

 $

 Equity in undistributed net income of Bank subsidiary

 ( 5,677

)

 ( 9,360

)

 Net change in market value of equity securities

 Change in other assets and liabilities

 ( 3

)

 Net cash flows from operating activities

 2,926

 1,325

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Dividends paid

 ( 2,246

)

 ( 2,095

)

 Restricted stock expense

 Issuance of stock-based incentive plan shares

 —

 Net change in short-term borrowings

 ( 1,200

)

 ( 70

)

 Proceeds from dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan

 Issuance of treasury stock for stock awards

 Net cash flows from financing activities

 ( 2,923

)

 ( 1,375

)

 Change in cash and cash equivalents

 ( 50

)

 Beginning cash and cash equivalents

 Ending cash and cash equivalents

 $

 $

 NOTE 17 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

 Basic earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period and is equal to net income divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares that may be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. There were 6,642 shares of restricted stock and 6,051 restricted stock units that were anti-dilutive for the year ending June 30, 2024. There were 14,800 shares of restricted stock and 9,078 restricted stock units that were anti-dilutive for the year ending June 30, 2023. The following table details the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

 For the year Ended June 30,

 2024

 2023

 Basic:

 Net income available to common shareholders

 $

 8,580

 $

 Weighted average common shares outstanding

 3,109,263

 3,090,187

 Basic income per share

 $

 2.76

 $

 3.45

 Diluted:

 Net income available to common shareholders

 $

 8,580

 $

 Weighted average common shares outstanding

 3,109,263

 3,090,187

 Dilutive effect of restricted stock

 —

 —

 Total common shares and dilutive potential common shares

 3,109,263

 3,090,187

 Dilutive income per share

 $

 2.76

 $

 3.45

 NOTE 18 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

 The components of other comprehensive income related to unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities for the periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, were as follows:

 Pretax

 Tax

 Effect

 After-tax

 Affected Line

 Item

 in Consolidated

 Statements of

 Income

 Balance as of June 30, 2022

 $

 ( 27,982

)

 $

 5,876

 $

 ( 22,106

)

 Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities arising during the period

 $

 ( 9,929

)

 $

 2,085

 $

 ( 7,844

)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income

 ( 14

)

 ( 11

)

 (a)(b)

 Net current period other comprehensive loss

 ( 9,943

)

 2,088

 ( 7,855

)

 Balance as of June 30, 2023

 $

 ( 37,925

)

 $

 7,964

 $

 ( 29,961

)

 Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities arising during the period

 $

 1,981

 $

 ( 415

)

 $

 1,566

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss

 ( 17

)

 (a)(b)

 Net current period other comprehensive income

 2,061

 ( 432

)

 1,629

 Balance as of June 30, 2024

 $

 ( 35,864

)

 $

 7,532

 $

 ( 28,332

)

 (a) Securities gain, net

 (b) Income tax expense

 NOTE 19 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

 The Company accounts for revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Interest income, net securities gains (losses), gains from the sale of mortgage loans and bank-owned life insurance are not included within the scope of ASC 606. For the revenue streams in the scope of ASC 606, service charges on deposits and electronic banking fees, there are no significant judgments related to the amount and timing of revenue recognition. All the Company's revenue from contracts with customers is recognized within noninterest income.

 Service charges on deposit accounts: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as stop payment charges, statement rendering and other fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer's account balance.

 Interchange income: The Company earns interchange income from cardholder transactions conducted through the various payment networks. Interchange income from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The gross amount of these fees are processed through noninterest income.

 Other income: Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as check order fees, wire transfer fees, and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Check order income mainly represents fees charged to customers for checks. Wire transfer fees represent revenue from processing wire transfers.

 The following table presents the Company's sources of noninterest income for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

 For the year Ended June 30,

 2024

 2023

 Noninterest income

 In scope of Topic 606:

 Service charges on deposit accounts

 $

 1,684

 $

 1,598

 Debit card interchange income

 2,312

 2,181

 Other income

 Noninterest income (in scope of Topic 606)

 4,383

 4,139

 Noninterest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)

 Total noninterest income

 $

 4,896

 $

 4,747

 Item 9 — Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 None.

 Item 9A — Controls and Procedures

 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 With the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) was performed, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

 Management ' s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 The management of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024 based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in "Internal Control-Integrated Framework," issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on that assessment, we have concluded that, as of June 30, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

 Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 There were no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.

 Item 9B — Other Information

 None.

 Item 9C — Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Not Applicable.

 Item 10 — Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 The information required by this item is set forth in the Company's Proxy Statement dated September 6, 2024, under the captions "Election of Directors," "Directors and Executive Officers," "The Board of Directors and its Committees," "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports," and "Certain Transactions and Relationships and Legal Proceedings," and is incorporated herein by reference.

 The Company's Code of Ethics Policy, which is applicable to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, and its Code of Ethics for Principal Financial Officers, which is applicable to the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, are each available on the Investor Relations section under Governance Documents of the Company's website (www.consumers.bank). Copies of either of the Code of Ethics Policies are also available in print to shareholders upon request, addressed to the Corporate Secretary at Consumers Bancorp, Inc., 614 East Lincoln Way, Minerva, Ohio 44657. The Company intends to post amendments to or waivers from either of its Code of Ethics Policies on its website.

 Item 11 — Executive Compensation

 The information required by this item is set forth in the Company's Proxy Statement dated September 6, 2024 under the captions "Director Compensation," "Executive Compensation," "Defined Contribution Plan," "Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End," and "Salary Continuation Program," and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Equity Compensation Plan Information

 The following table sets forth information about common stock authorized for issuance, segregated between stock-based compensation plans approved by shareholders and stock-based compensation plans not approved by shareholders, as of June 30, 2024. Additional information regarding stock-based compensation plans is presented in Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements located elsewhere in this report.

 Plan Category

 Number of securities

 to

 be issued upon

 exercise of

 outstanding options,

 warrants, and rights

 Weighted-average

 exercise price of

 outstanding options,

 warrants and rights

 Number of securities

 remaining

 available for future issuance

 under

 equity compensation plans

 (excluding

 securities issuable under

 outstanding

 options, warrants and rights)

 Plans approved by shareholders

 —

 —

 199,560

 Plans not approved by shareholders

 —

 —

 —

 Total

 —

 —

 199,560

 The remaining information required by this item is set forth in the Company's Proxy Statement, dated September 6, 2024 under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners," and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 13 — Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 The information required by this item is set forth in the Company's Proxy Statement, dated September 6, 2024, under the caption "Certain Transactions and Relationships and Legal Proceedings," and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 14 — Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Our independent registered public accounting firm is Plante & Moran, PLLC, Cleveland, OH (PCAOB ID: 00 166).

 The information required by this item is set forth in the Company's Proxy Statement, dated September 6, 2024, under the caption "Principal Accountant Fees and Services," and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 15 — Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules

 (a)

 The following documents are filed as part of this report:

 (1)

 The report of independent registered accounting firm and the consolidated financial statements appearing in Item 8.

 (2)

 Financial statement schedules are omitted as they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is included in the financial statements.

 (3)

 The exhibits required by this item are listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-K.

 (b)

 The exhibits to this Form 10-K begin on page 66 of this report.

 (c)

 See Item 15(a)(2) above.

 Item 16 — Form 10-K Summary

 Not applicable.

 EXHIBIT INDEX

 Number

 Description of Document

 2.1

 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Consumers Bancorp, Inc., Consumers National Bank, Peoples Bancorp of Mt. Pleasant, Inc., and The Peoples National Bank of Mount Pleasant, dated June 14, 2019. Reference is made to the Registration Statement on S-4 (File No. 333-233306) filed on August 15, 2019.

 3.1

 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company. Reference is made to Form 10-Q (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed November 8, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 3.2

 Amended and Restated Code of Regulations of the Company. Reference is made to Form 10-K (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed September 15, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 Form of Certificate of Common Shares. Reference is made to Form 10-KSB (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed September 30, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 4.1

 Description of Securities of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. Reference is made to Form 10-K of the Company filed September 23, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.3

 Lease Agreement entered into between Furey Holdings, LLC and Consumers National Bank on December 23, 2005. Reference is made to Form 10-Q (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed February 14, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.8

 Consumers Bancorp 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement. Reference is made to Form 8-K (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed September 16, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.10

 First Amendment dated June 13, 2018, to Lease Agreement entered into between Furey Holdings, LLC and Consumers National Bank on December 23, 2005. Reference is made to Form 8-K (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed June 15, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.11

 Form of Salary Continuation Agreement. Reference is made to Form 8-K (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed December 29, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.12

 Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement entered into with CFBank National Association on December 29, 2020. Reference is made to Form 10-Q (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed February 12, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 10.13

 Consumers Bancorp Amended and Restated 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Reference is made to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed September 15, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 Consumers Bancorp, Inc. Insider Trading and Section 16 Reporting Policy. Reference is made to Form 10-K (File No. 033-79130) of the Company filed September 7, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 Subsidiaries of Consumers Bancorp, Inc. Filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Consent of Plante & Moran, PLLC

 31.1

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 31.2

 Certification of Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 32.1

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 Consumers Bancorp, Inc. Clawback Policy

 101.INS

 101.SCH

 101.CAL

 101.DEF

 101.LAB

 101.PRE

 (1)

 These interactive date files shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 CONSUMERS BANCORP, INC.

 Date: September 6, 2024

 By:

 /s/ Ralph J. Lober, II

 President and Chief Executive Officer

 (principal executive officer)

 By:

 /s/ Renee K. Wood

 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 (principal financial officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on September 6, 2024.

 Signatures

 Signatures

 /s/ Frank L. Paden

 /s/ Ralph J. Lober, II

 Frank L. Paden

 Chairman of the Board of Directors

 Ralph J. Lober, II

 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

 (principal executive officer)

 /s/ Renee K. Wood

 /s/ Ann M. Gano

 Renee K. Wood

 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 (principal financial officer)

 Ann M. Gano

 /s/ Joseph A. Gerzina

 /s/ Bradley Goris

 Joseph A. Gerzina

 Bradley Goris

 /s/ Richard T. Kiko, Jr.

 /s/ Shawna L. L'Italien

 Richard T. Kiko, Jr.

 Shawna L. L ' Italien

 /s/ Laurie L. McClellan

 /s/ John W. Parkinson

 Laurie L. McClellan

 John W. Parkinson

 /s/ Harry W. Schmuck, Jr.

 /s/ Michael A. Wheeler

 Harry W. Schmuck, Jr.

 Michael A. Wheeler