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 UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K

 (Mark One)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
 or

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from to

 Commission file number 001-36405

 FARMLAND PARTNERS INC.
 (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 Maryland

 46-3769850

 (State or Other Jurisdiction of
 Incorporation or Organization)

 (IRS Employer
 Identification No.)

 4600 South Syracuse Street, Suite 1450
 Denver, Colorado

 80237

 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 (Zip Code)

 Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code ( 720) 452-3100
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of Each Class

 Name Of Each Exchange On Which Registered

 Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

 New York Stock Exchange

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No

 As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $ 536,808,999 based on the closing sales price of $12.21 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and executive officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)

 As of February 23, 2024, the registrant had 48,028,438 shares of common stock (49,231,777 on a fully diluted basis, including 1,203,339 Common Units of limited partnership interests in the registrant's Operating Partnership) outstanding.
 Documents Incorporated by Reference
 Portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. The registrant expects to file its Definitive Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2023.

 FARMLAND PARTNERS Inc.

 Form 10-K
 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023

 Item 1

 Business

 Item 1A

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C

 Cybersecurity Disclosure

 Item 2

 Properties

 Item 3

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5

 Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6

 [Reserved]

 Item 7

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9

 Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B

 Other Information

 Item 9C

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 We make statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning pending acquisitions and dispositions, projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results, future stock repurchases and other transactions affecting our capitalization, our dividend policy, future economic performance, crop yields and prices and future rental rates for our properties, ongoing litigation, as well as statements of management's goals and objectives and other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. When we use the words "may," "should," "could," "would," "predicts," "potential," "continue," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates" or similar expressions or their negatives, as well as statements in future tense, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, beliefs and expectations, such forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events or guarantees of future performance, and our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Some factors that might cause such a difference include the following: the ongoing war in Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East and their impact on our tenants' businesses and the farm economy generally, changes in trade policies in the United States and other countries who import U.S. agricultural products, high inflation and increasing interest rates, the onset of an economic recession in the United States and other countries that impact the farm economy, extreme weather events, such as droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes or floods, the impact of future public health crises on our business and on the economy and capital markets generally, general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock, changes in our business strategy, availability, terms and deployment of capital, our ability to refinance existing indebtedness at or prior to maturity on favorable terms, or at all, availability of qualified personnel, changes in our industry or the general economy, the degree and nature of our competition, the outcomes of ongoing litigation, our ability to identify new acquisitions or dispositions and close on pending acquisitions or dispositions and the other factors described in the risk factors described in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other documents that we file from time to time with the SEC. Given these uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by law.

 Summary Risk Factors

 Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. The following is an overview of the most significant risks to which we are exposed in the normal course of our business and which are discussed more fully in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" herein. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

 •
 Our business is dependent in part upon the profitability of our tenants' farming operations, and a sustained downturn in the profitability of their farming operations could have a material adverse effect on the amount of rent we can collect and, consequently, our cash flow and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 •
 We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding, which may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations, restrict our operations and our ability to grow our business and revenues, and restrict our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

 •
 Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a property or group of properties subject to mortgage debt.

 •
 Increases in benchmark interest rates will increase our borrowing costs, which will negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, growth prospects and ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 •
 Increases in interest rates will increase our tenants' borrowing costs and may make it more difficult for them to obtain credit.

 •
 Global economic conditions, including inflation, supply chain disruptions and trade policies affecting imports and exports, could adversely affect our and our tenants' operations.

 •
 Approximately 70% of our portfolio is comprised of properties used to grow primary crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton, which subjects us to risks associated with primary row crops.

 •
 Our farms are exposed to the possibility of extreme weather events, such as droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes and floods, which could damage the farmland and equipment, adversely affect crop yields and the ability of farmers to pay rent to us or adversely impact the financing of such properties.

 •
 Investments in farmland used for permanent/specialty crops have a different risk profile than farmland used for annual row crops.

 •
 Our failure to continue to identify and consummate suitable acquisitions would significantly impede our growth and our ability to further diversify our portfolio by geography, crop type and tenant, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 •
 We do not intend to continuously monitor and evaluate tenant credit quality, and our financial performance may be subject to risks associated with our tenants' financial condition and liquidity position.

 •
 Our short-term leases make us more susceptible to any decreases in prevailing market rental rates than would be the case if we entered into longer-term leases, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 •
 We depend on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which could limit our ability to, among other things, acquire additional properties, meet our capital and operating needs or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

 •
 Laws in certain states where we own property prohibit or restrict the ownership of agricultural land by business entities, which could impede the growth of our portfolio and our ability to diversify geographically.

 •
 We may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities related to acquired properties and properties that we may acquire in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 •
 We may be required to permit the owners of certain third-party access rights on our properties to enter and occupy parts of the properties, including owners of mineral rights and power generation and transportation infrastructure, which could materially and adversely impact the rental value of our properties.

 •
 We have previously been subject to, and may in the future be subject to, litigation or threatened litigation, which may require us to pay damages and expenses or restrict the operation of our business.

 •
 Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our Operating Partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 •
 Our charter contains certain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.

 •
 We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval, which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction that our stockholders believe to be in their best interests.

 •
 Our Board of Directors may change our strategies, policies and procedures without stockholder approval.

 •
 Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our management.

 •
 Failure to maintain qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes would subject us to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, which would substantially reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 •
 Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or sell properties earlier than we wish.

 •
 We may be unable to make distributions at expected levels, which could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

 •
 We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, which may have a material adverse effect on our business. The nature and extent of future impacts are highly uncertain and unpredictable.

 Item 1. Business

 Our Company

 Farmland Partners Inc. ("FPI"), collectively with its subsidiaries, is an internally managed real estate company that owns and seeks to acquire high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America. FPI was incorporated in Maryland on September 27, 2013. FPI elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

 FPI is the sole member of the sole general partner of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (the "Operating Partnership"), which was formed in Delaware on September 27, 2013. All of FPI's assets are held by, and its operations are primarily conducted through, the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2023, FPI owned a 97.6% interest in the Operating Partnership. See "Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests" for additional discussion regarding Class A Common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Common units"), Series A preferred units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Series A preferred units") and Series B participating preferred units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Series B participating preferred units"). Unlike holders of FPI's common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("common stock"), holders of the Operating Partnership's Common units and Series A preferred units generally do not have voting rights or the power to direct the affairs of FPI.

 References to the "Company," "we," "us," or "our" mean collectively FPI and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership.

 Our primary strategic objective is to utilize our position as a leading institutional acquirer, owner and manager of high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America to deliver strong risk adjusted returns to investors through a combination of cash dividends and asset appreciation. As of December 31, 2023, we owned farms with an aggregate of approximately 132,800 acres in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag-Pro Ohio, LLC ("Ag Pro") under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 38,300 acres, including farms in Iowa (see "Note 4—Related Party Transactions"). As of December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership owned a 9.97% equity interest in Promised Land Opportunity Zone Farms I, LLC (the "OZ Fund"), an unconsolidated equity method investment, that holds 12 properties (see "Note 1, Convertible Notes Receivable"). As of December 31, 2023, approximately 70% of our owned portfolio (by value) was used to grow primary crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton, and approximately 30% was used to produce specialty crops, such as almonds, citrus, blueberries, and vegetables. We believe our portfolio gives investors the economic benefit of increasing global food demand in the face of growing scarcity of high-quality farmland and will continue to reflect the approximate allocation of U.S. agricultural output between primary crops and animal protein (whose production relies principally on primary crops as feed), on one hand, and specialty crops, on the other.

 In addition, we offer a loan program (the "FPI Loan Program") pursuant to which we make loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects.

 FPI Agribusiness Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary (the "TRS" or "FPI Agribusiness"), is a taxable REIT subsidiary that was formed to provide volume purchasing services to the Company's tenants and to directly operate farms under certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2023, the TRS performed direct farming operations on 2,103 acres of permanent crop farmland owned by the Company located in California.

 FPI strategically seeks opportunities to promote environmentally friendly usage of our farmland. We have long-term lease arrangements on certain farm properties pursuant to which operators engage in solar and wind energy production.

 As of December 31, 2023, 15 of our farms, which collectively comprised approximately 10,150 acres, had leases for operational or under-construction renewable energy production, and 16 of our farms, which collectively comprise approximately 12,875 acres, had options for potential future solar or wind development and operating lease. Refer to "–Sustainability" for more information.

 Our principal source of revenue is rent from tenants that conduct farming operations on our farmland pursuant to leases with terms ranging primarily from one to three years. The majority of the leases that are in place as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K have fixed rent payments. Some of our leases have variable rents based on the revenue generated by our farm-operator tenants. We believe that a mix of fixed and variable rents will help insulate us from the variability of farming operations and reduce our credit-risk exposure to farm-operator tenants while making us an attractive landlord in certain regions where variable leases are customary. However, we may be exposed to tenant credit risk and farming operation risks, particularly with respect to leases that do not require advance payment of 100% of the fixed rent, variable rent arrangements and leases with terms greater than one year.

 Full Year 2023 Highlights

 During 2023:

 Net income increased 164.9% from $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $31.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023;

 Adjusted Funds from Operation ("AFFO") decreased 48.4% from $15.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023;

 We completed dispositions consisting of 74 properties in the Corn Belt, Delta and South, High Plains, Southeast and West Coast regions. We received $195.5 million in aggregate consideration, including $11.8 million in seller financing, and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $36.1 million;

 We completed acquisitions consisting of four properties in the Corn Belt and Delta and South regions. Aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions totaled $22.2 million;

 We repurchased 6,551,087 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $11.00 per share;

 Total indebtedness decreased $76.4 million from $439.5 million at December 31, 2022 to $363.1 million at December 31, 2023;

 We increased liquidity to $206.6 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $176.7 million as of December 31, 2022; and

 We renewed fixed cash farm leases expiring in 2023 at average rent increases of approximately 20%.

 For a definition of AFFO and a reconciliation of net income to AFFO, see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

 Investment Focus

 We seek to invest in farmland that will give our stockholders exposure to a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality U.S. farmland, while offering an attractive risk-adjusted combination of stable rental income generation and value appreciation. Our principal investment focus is on farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America; however, we may seek to acquire farmland outside of North America in the future. We also may acquire real estate assets related to farming, such as grain storage facilities, grain elevators, feedlots, cold storage facilities, controlled environment agriculture facilities, land and facilities leased to agriculture equipment dealerships, processing plants and distribution centers, as well as livestock farms or ranches. In addition, under the FPI Loan Program, we may provide loans to farm operators secured by farmland, properties related to farming, crops (growing or stored), and/or agricultural equipment. We may also invest in other agriculture-related business, typically through our TRS.

 Crop Categories

 Primary vs Specialty Crops

 Farm crops generally can be divided into two principal categories: primary crops and specialty crops. Primary crops include, among others, corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton. Primary crops are generally grown in rows and are often referred to as row crops. Specialty crops can be divided into two categories: annual specialty crops (generally vegetables) and permanent specialty crops (fruits and nuts grown on trees, bushes or vines). Over the long term, we expect that our farmland portfolio will continue to be comprised of approximately 70% primary crop farmland and 30% specialty crop farmland by value, which we believe will give investors the economic benefit from increasing global food demand in the face of growing scarcity of high quality farmland and will reflect the approximate allocation of U.S. agricultural output between primary crops and animal protein (whose production relies principally on primary crops as feed), on one hand, and specialty crops, on the other.

 Primary Crops

 The most widely grown crop in the United States is corn, at approximately 93 million acres. The uses of corn projected for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024) are as follows: animal feed and residual products (34%); ethanol and its animal feed byproducts known as distillers' dried grains with solubles or DDGS (32%); exports (13%); other sugars, starches, cereals, seeds (8%); and ending stocks or inventory (13%).

 The second most widely grown crop in the United States is soybeans, at approximately 83 million acres. The uses of soybeans projected for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024) are as follows: crushings (52%); exports (39%); seed and residual (3%); and ending stocks or inventory (6%). The process of crushing soybean produces soybean oil, soybean meal, hulls and waste. Soybean meal is used as animal feed both domestically and in the export market. Soybean oil is used for food, biofuel, and is exported.

 The third most widely grown crop in the United States is wheat, at approximately 51 million acres. The uses of wheat projected for the 2023/2024 marketing year (June 2023 to May 2024) are as follows: food (38%); exports (29%); seed, feed and residual (7%); and ending stocks or inventory (26%).

 Annual vs. Permanent Crops
 Our portfolio includes farms that produce both annual and permanent crops. Annual crops, such as wheat, corn and soybeans, are planted every year whereas permanent crops, such as trees, bushes and vines, are planted and bear crops over multiple years without replanting. We believe exposure to both annual and permanent crops is an attractive strategy and offers diversification benefits to our portfolio. Annual and permanent crops typically serve different end-markets and generally have uncorrelated pricing.

 U.S. Farmland Property

 We believe that the United States offers farmland investors exposure to financial benefits driven by the fundamentals of agricultural production and farmland appreciation without many of the risks that come with farmland investments in many other countries. In the United States, the farmland market is relatively liquid and there is virtually no land title risk. As an asset class, United States farmland has lower leverage compared to other real estate sectors. According to the United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") forecast data from February 2024, real estate debt on farms is $377 billion, compared to a real estate value of $3.6 trillion, representing a 10% debt-to-equity ratio. The United States has the largest, lowest-cost grain transportation infrastructure in the world, leaving more margin to the grain producer and landowner. Moreover, the United States is one of the largest domestic markets for primary crops, which are typically priced in U.S. dollars. Lastly, we believe that in most major U.S. agricultural markets, multiple quality farm-operator tenants compete for farmland lease opportunities.

 We may consider investing in farmland in other countries, such as Canada, Australia or New Zealand, that, like the United States, offer virtually no land title risk, a sophisticated farm-operator tenant environment and attractive rental rates.

 Leased Properties

 The business of farming carries materially more operating risk than owning and leasing farmland to farm operators, although such risk can be mitigated through crop insurance and other risk management tools. We expect to continue to lease a majority of our properties on a fixed-rent basis that does not depend on the success of the tenant's farming operations. Moreover, a majority of the leases in our portfolio provide that at least 50% (and sometimes 100%) of the annual fixed rent is due and payable in advance of each spring planting season, and we expect that a majority of the fixed-rent leases we enter into in the future will have a similar requirement, which reduces our credit-risk exposure in the event of operational issues with the farm-operator tenant. However, to the extent we enter into leases that do not require advance payment of 100% of the annual rent or have terms greater than one year, we may be subject to tenant credit risk and more susceptible to the risks associated with declines in the profitability of tenants' farming operations, and we take such risk into consideration when evaluating the potential return on a farm. We may use variable-rent leases, which depend in part on crop yields and prices, in regions where such arrangements are prevalent or when we expect that such arrangements will be more profitable to us on a risk-adjusted basis. We also may utilize hybrid lease arrangements that provide for a combination of fixed rent and variable rent.

 We expect to continue to lease the majority of our primary crop farmland under leases that require the tenant to either pay or reimburse us for substantially all of the property's operating expenses, including maintenance, water usage and insurance. Consistent with industry practices, we expect that we will generally be responsible for plantings and associated improvements on our permanent crop farmland while our tenants will be responsible for all operating costs. Many of our leases provide for the reimbursement by the tenant of the property's real estate taxes that we pay in connection with the farms they rent from us. The rental payments we receive from the farm operators are the primary source of any distributions that we make to our stockholders.

 We expect that over time rental income will increase. Most farmland in the areas where we own or intend to acquire land is leased under short-term leases (typically five years or less), and we plan to lease our primary crop properties under short-term leases when possible. By entering into short-term leases, we believe we will be in a position to increase our rental rates when the leases expire. However, we can provide no assurances that we will be able to increase our rental rates, or even maintain them at the same level, when the leases are renewed or the land is re-leased.

 We believe quality farmland has a near-zero vacancy rate, and we believe that all high-quality farmland in an area with a competitive tenant environment is generally leased and farmed each year. In the event of a tenant's failure to pay rent due in advance of the spring planting season, we will seek to terminate the lease and rent the property to another tenant that could then plant and harvest a crop that year. As a result, we believe there is a reduced risk of vacancy on our properties when compared to most other types of commercial properties, such as office buildings or retail properties.

 Tenants

 We believe the areas where we own and intend to acquire farmland are characterized by a competitive farm-operator tenant environment, with multiple experienced farm operators seeking to expand their operations by leasing additional farmland. Farmers have long rented land to increase operations without having to invest the capital required to own the land. USDA data shows that rented land as a percentage of total farmland acres has been in the 35% to 45% range since the 1920s.

 Non-Farming Leases

 In addition to leases entered into in connection with farming operations, we seek additional sources of income from our properties that are either incremental, such as wind easements and recreational leases, or are higher than farming rents, such as leases for solar power installations. While we do not believe that such non-farming lease income will constitute a significant percentage of our total revenues, they offer opportunities to enhance returns to stockholders at little or no cost to us.

 Family-Owned Properties

 According to America's Farms and Ranches at a Glance 2023 Edition, a USDA report, family farms accounted for approximately 97% of the total farms in the United States. As shown below, small family farms represent the greatest number of farms and amount of land, while large-scale family farms represent the greatest value of production.

 Farm Category

 Annual Gross Farm Cash Income

 Number of Farms

 Percent of Farms

 Percent of Land Area

 Value of Production

 Small Family Farms

 Less than $350,000

 1,756,441

 88.1

 %

 46.5

 %

 18.7

 %

 Midsize Family Farms

 Less than $1,000,000

 115,595

 5.8

 %

 21.4

 %

 19.1

 %

 Large-Scale Family Farms

 Greater than $1,000,000

 67,936

 3.4

 %

 24.8

 %

 51.8

 %

 Nonfamily Farms

 54,450

 2.7

 %

 7.3

 %

 10.4

 %

 Total

 1,994,422

 100.0

 %

 100.0

 %

 100.0

 %

 Farmland leases allow farm operators to unlock personal or family capital/net worth that would otherwise be tied up in land ownership while retaining the ability to conduct their livelihoods on land that is familiar to them. We believe that many farm families and individuals may wish to engage in sale-leaseback transactions to grow their farming operations or in other business endeavors, or for estate planning reasons, providing a continuous pipeline of prospective acquisitions.

 As an alternative to selling their farmland to us in an all-cash transaction, we believe that some farm owners may be interested in selling their farmland to us in exchange for Operating Partnership units in order to own a diversified portfolio of agricultural real estate in transactions that may qualify as tax-deferred contributions to a partnership under U.S. federal income tax laws. In addition, because we intend to make cash distributions quarterly or annually, Partnership unit holders would receive regular cash distributions, and their investment would be diversified across a much larger number of properties than the single property in which they were invested before such contribution. Finally, Partnership unit holders would have the flexibility to tender their Partnership units in the future for redemption by us for cash, or, at our election, shares of our common stock that they could then sell in the public market, thereby allowing these sellers to determine the timing of recognizing taxable gain. Because we expect the issuance of Partnership units in exchange for farmland generally will be driven by the desires of prospective sellers, we do not know how frequently we will issue Partnership units in exchange for farmland properties. However, we believe that using Partnership units as acquisition consideration can be a significant part of our property acquisition strategy.

 Other Investments

 In addition to farmland, we also may acquire real estate assets related to farming, such as grain storage facilities, grain elevators, feedlots, cold storage facilities, controlled environment agriculture facilities, land and facilities leased to agriculture equipment dealerships, processing plants and distribution centers, as well as livestock farms or ranches.

 Underwriting Criteria and Due Diligence Process

 Identifying and Selecting Attractive Properties

 We seek to acquire high-quality farmland that offers an attractive risk-adjusted balance of current income and value appreciation potential. We believe our management team's deep understanding of agribusiness fundamentals and insight into factors affecting the value of farmland allow us to identify properties consistent with our investment criteria. We believe the following factors are important in the selection of farmland:

 Soil Quality—Soil quality is a fundamental determinant of farmland productivity and therefore of its value. In general, we focus on farmland with average or better-than-average soil.

 Water Availability—Appropriate water availability is an essential input to farming and a key consideration in determining the productivity and value of farmland. We seek to acquire farmland where water availability through precipitation and irrigation meets the agronomic needs of the crops expected to be grown. As part of our acquisition due diligence process, we evaluate properties for water availability and any associated ground or surface water rights. Where appropriate, we may also invest in irrigation infrastructure to improve the productivity

 of properties we own. Occasionally we may acquire farmland at prices that more than compensate us for any potential reduction in water availability, which, in the future, may result in a shift to different crops or production systems.

 Robust and Competitive Tenant Environment—We focus primarily on farmland located in areas characterized by a robust and competitive tenant environment, with a relatively large population of experienced farm operators as potential tenants.

 Market Access—Due to the higher costs of road transportation, the location of primary crop farmland relative to points of demand (e.g., grain elevators, feedlots and ethanol plants) or access to low-cost transportation (e.g., river ports and rail loading facilities) determines the premium or discount in farm-gate commodity prices compared to the general market prices (also known as "basis"), and therefore is one of the factors that impacts its value. We focus on acquiring primary crop farmland in areas with substantial farming infrastructure and low transportation costs, including markets with access to river and rail transportation.

 Climate—Crops have particular climatic growing requirements. Accordingly, we seek to acquire properties in regions with climates conducive to the expected crops. We believe that diversification within and across core farming regions and crop types provides significant annual and long-term risk mitigation to our investors. Nevertheless, our farmland may experience periodic droughts and other significant weather events, such as tornadoes, hurricanes and floods.

 We perform a due diligence review with respect to each potential property acquisition. The due diligence investigation includes both property-specific factors (e.g., soil types and fertility, water availability and rights, topographical characteristics and property taxes) and location-specific factors (e.g., climate, tenant availability and quality, and market access). As part of our due diligence process, we also perform a valuation of each target property and estimate expected lease rates.

 Identifying and Selecting Tenants

 We intend to continue to focus primarily on farm properties located in areas with a robust and competitive environment of experienced tenants. In general, the tenant selection process focuses primarily on candidates' experience and reputation based upon background and reference checks, as well as their willingness and ability to pay competitive rental rates. In geographic areas where we already own one or more properties, we may give our existing local tenants priority consideration, especially when a tenant sources the property acquisition opportunity. We believe our use of leases pursuant to which at least 50% of the annual rent is typically payable in advance of each spring planting season mitigates the tenant credit risk associated with the variability of farming operations that could be adversely impacted by poor crop yields, weather conditions, mismanagement, undercapitalization or other factors affecting our tenants. Tenant credit risk is further mitigated by the farming industry practice of purchasing crop insurance in almost every circumstance because it is required by lenders who provide working capital financing to our tenants and due to requirements in our leases. In certain cases, the Company perfects its security interest in the crop insurance proceeds and the underlying growing crops using practices applicable in the state where the farm is located. In addition, we monitor our existing tenants by periodically conducting site visits of the farms and meeting with the tenants to discuss their farming operations and the condition of the farms. However, in some circumstances, we may be exposed to tenant credit risk and may be subject to farming operation risks, such as adverse weather conditions and declines in commodity prices, particularly with respect to leases that do not require advance payment of 100% of the annual rent, variable-rent leases for which the rent is based on a percentage of a tenant's farming revenues and leases with terms greater than one year. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Properties." We do not intend to continuously monitor and evaluate tenant credit quality and may be subject to risks associated with our tenants' financial condition and liquidity position.

 Complementary Businesses

 FPI Loan Program

 We believe that our existing systems and personnel are well suited to source, conduct due diligence evaluations with respect to, close and service loans under the FPI Loan Program at little or no additional operating cost to us. We believe that the business of making loans to farm operators secured by farmland, properties related to farmland, crops (growing or stored), and/or agricultural equipment leverages the substantial expertise in agribusiness possessed by the FPI team and is highly complementary to our core business of investing in farmland. We generally find potential borrowers during the process of sourcing farm acquisitions. We conduct due diligence on loan collateral largely the same way we conduct due diligence on potential farm acquisitions, and we screen potential borrowers using criteria similar to those used to screen potential tenants. The FPI Loan Program offering gives us an increased visibility in the marketplace, thereby benefiting our core farmland investing business.

 Asset Management for Third Parties

 We believe that our existing systems and personnel are well suited to source, conduct due diligence evaluations with respect to, close and manage farmland on behalf of third parties at little or no additional cost to us, generating fee income without capital investment. As of December 31, 2023, we managed approximately 38,300 acres on behalf of third parties.

 Brokerage and Auction Services

 The acquisition of Murray Wise Associates, LLC ("MWA") in November 2021 also added brokerage and auction business activities for clients seeking to sell farmland. This increases our breadth of activities in the farmland sector, while adding additional sources of revenue and market insight.

 Seasonality

 We recognize rental revenue from fixed-rate leases on a pro rata basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Notwithstanding GAAP accounting requirements to spread rental revenue over the lease term, a significant portion of fixed rent is received in a lump sum before planting season, generally in the first quarter, and after harvest, in the fourth quarter or in the following year. We receive a significant portion of our variable rental payments following harvest in the fourth quarter of each year, with only a portion of such payments being recognized ratably through the year in accordance with GAAP, in relation to crop insurance contracts entered into by our tenants. The highly seasonal nature of the agriculture industry causes seasonality in our business to some extent, with revenue in the first and fourth quarter tending to be meaningfully higher than revenue in the second and third quarters. Our financial performance should be evaluated on an annual basis, which eliminates impacts of seasonality and other similar factors that may cause our quarterly results to vary during the course of the year.

 Our Properties

 As of December 31, 2023, we owned farms with an aggregate of approximately 132,800 acres in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 38,300 acres, including farms in Iowa (see "Note 4—Related Party Transactions"). During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed dispositions, consisting of 74 properties, in the Corn Belt, Delta and South, High Plains, Southeast and West Coast regions. We received $195.5 million in aggregate consideration, including $11.8 million in seller financing, and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $36.1 million. Also, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed acquisitions consisting of four properties in the Corn Belt and Delta and South regions. Aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions totaled $22.2 million. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial

 Condition and Results of Operations" for more information about our portfolio. The distribution of farms owned by regions is as follows:

 Region (1)

 Owned Acres

 Managed Acres

 Total Acres

 Corn Belt (2)

 44,527

 22,027

 66,554

 Delta and South

 26,427

 8,763

 35,190

 High Plains

 21,831

 1,380

 23,211

 Southeast

 28,825

 6,107

 34,932

 West Coast

 11,189

 —

 11,189

 132,799

 38,277

 171,076

 (1)
 Corn Belt includes farms located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri and eastern Nebraska. Delta and South includes farms located in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Oklahoma. High Plains includes farms located in Colorado, Kansas and Texas. Southeast includes farms located in Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. West Coast includes farms located in California.

 (2)
 In addition, we own land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand.

 Tax Status

 We elected and qualified to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2014. Our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Code, relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels and the diversity of ownership of our capital stock. We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and that our intended manner of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 As a REIT, we generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. Under the Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they distribute on an annual basis at least 90% of their REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our income for that year will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates, and we would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to state and local taxes on our income and assets and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income. Additionally, any income earned by FPI Agribusiness Inc., our taxable REIT subsidiary, and any other taxable REIT subsidiaries that we form or acquire in the future will be fully subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax.

 Insurance

 The Company maintains comprehensive property and casualty and general liability insurance through its relationship with a national insurance brokerage firm with extensive agricultural experience. The Company's workers' compensation is provided through a professional employee organization, and the Company maintains liability insurance covering its directors and officers. Certain other insurance programs are maintained as required by contract or deemed necessary by our management team, including crop insurance for farms operated by the Company. Under the terms and conditions of the leases on our current properties, tenants are generally required, at their expense, to obtain and keep in full force during the term of the lease liability insurance and to name us an additional insured party. To the extent required, tenants also maintain workers' compensation policies for their businesses. These policies include liability coverage for bodily injury and property damage arising out of the ownership, use, occupancy or maintenance of the properties and all of their appurtenant areas. The terms of leases that include variable rent payments generally require the tenant to carry crop insurance protecting against crop failures and/or crop price declines.

 Regulation

 Farming Regulations

 The farmland that we own and intend to acquire in the future is typically used for growing crops and is subject to the laws, ordinances and regulations of state, local and federal governments, including laws, ordinances and regulations involving land use and usage, water rights, treatment methods, disturbance, the environment and eminent domain.

 Farmland is principally subject to environmental and agricultural laws, ordinances and regulations. Each governmental jurisdiction has its own distinct laws, ordinances and regulations governing the use of farmland. Many such laws, ordinances and regulations seek to regulate water usage and water runoff because water can be in limited supply, as is the case where certain of the properties in our portfolio are located.

 All of the farms in our portfolio have sources of water, including expected precipitation, existing and planned wells and/or surface water, that currently provide sufficient amounts of water necessary for the current farming operations at each location. However, should the need arise for additional water from wells and/or surface water sources, such permits and approvals may be difficult to obtain in areas with limited supply of available water. We believe that as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K our farms are in compliance with applicable state, county and federal environmental and agricultural regulations.

 In addition to the regulation of water usage and water runoff, state, local and federal governments also seek to regulate the type, quantity and method of use of chemicals and materials for growing crops, including fertilizers, pesticides and nutrient rich materials. Such regulations could include restricting or preventing the use of such chemicals and materials near residential housing or near water sources. Further, some regulations have strictly forbidden or significantly limited the use of certain chemicals and materials.

 As an owner of farmland, we may be liable or responsible for the actions or inactions of our tenants with respect to these laws, regulations and ordinances.

 Real Estate Industry Regulation

 Generally, the ownership and operation of real properties is subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to zoning, land use, water rights, wastewater, storm water runoff and lien sale rights and procedures. These laws, ordinances or regulations, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response and Compensation Liability Act ("CERCLA") and its state analogs, or any changes to any such laws, ordinances or regulations, could result in or increase the potential liability for environmental conditions or circumstances existing, or created by tenants or others, on our properties. Laws related to upkeep, safety and taxation requirements may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, loss of our properties or other impairments to operations, any of which would adversely affect our cash flows from operating activities.

 Environmental Matters

 As an owner of real estate, we will be subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws, regulations and ordinances and also could be liable to third parties resulting from environmental contamination or noncompliance at our properties. Environmental laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or was responsible for the presence of the contaminants. The costs of any required investigation or cleanup of these substances could be substantial. The liability is generally not limited under such laws and could exceed the property's value and the aggregate assets of the liable party. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties also may expose us to third-party liability for personal injury or property damage or adversely affect our ability to lease the real property or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. These and other risks related to environmental matters are described in more detail in "Item 1A. Risk Factors."

 Sustainability

 We believe a strong commitment to multi-faceted sustainability supports our business model and promotes environmental stewardship. Our sustainability policy is founded on the principle of helping feed the world, especially people in poverty, with the least negative environmental impact possible. Sustainability is considered a high priority topic at all levels of our organization, with a commitment formulated by the Board of Directors and senior management team.

 Social Impact, Human Rights, and Company Culture

 Utilizing land for farming creates a more sustainable future for all by affordably feeding the world's growing population and supplying food products that support better nutrition. Moreover, we act as a channel to bring capital, and therefore economic activity, to rural communities throughout the United States, supporting farming as a livelihood as it has been for thousands of years. We support the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights and are committed to ensuring that human rights are respected throughout our extended community of employees, tenants and suppliers. We require our tenants to comply with all applicable labor and environmental regulations. We foster a company culture based on open communication and professional growth, and support employees engaged with non-profit organizations.

 Environmental Sustainability

 Farmland is more environmentally friendly than most types of commercial real estate, as agriculture naturally uses solar energy to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into food, feed, fuel, and fiber. Principles of environmental sustainability are deeply interwoven into modern agricultural practices and are embedded into our farmland acquisition criteria and management practices. We foster long-term relationships with our tenants, who are incentivized to provide good stewardship for the land they rent from us. The use of farmland as a carbon sink to generate carbon credits is a double-impact (environmental and financial) opportunity that we believe will continue to increase in significance in coming years.

 Renewable energy generation (wind and solar) is a component of our business model of growing importance. As of December 31, 2023, we leased acres to support 3 solar energy operational projects across 11 farms and 2 wind energy projects across 4 farms, which have the capacity to generate approximately 214 and 30 megawatts of renewable energy, respectively. We own 16 additional farms which have options for future solar projects. We expect to continue to take advantage of opportunities to place solar panels and windmills on farmland owned by FPI.

 We place significant emphasis on the support of biodiversity and wildlife. Our portfolio supports biodiversity through the enrollment of acres, in partnership with our tenants, in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). In exchange for a yearly rental payment, CRP participants agree to remove less-productive land from agricultural production and re-establish native vegetation to improve water quality, prevent erosion, and protect wildlife habitat. We also agreed in 2021 to sell Ducks Unlimited ("DU") approximately 1,268 acres of farmland in a three-part conservation transaction to support habitat restoration and protection in Virginia. The multi-year, staged sale concluded in November 2023 and was designed to provide DU maximum flexibility to secure capital for the project. Many more of our farms provide habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife.

 Competition

 Competition to acquire farmland can come from many different sources. Individual farmers are the most active buyers of farmland. Institutional investors, investment funds, other farmland REITs, individual investors and others also compete for farmland acreage. Investment firms that we might compete directly against for investment capital to be deployed in farmland could include agricultural investment firms such as Westchester Agriculture Asset Management (a TIAA company), Manulife Investment Management, International Farming Corporation, Ceres Partners, Gladstone Land Corporation, UBS Agrivest, AgIS Capital, Homestead Capital, and Goldcrest Farm Trust Advisors. These firms engage in the acquisition, asset management, valuation and disposition of farmland properties.

 Human Capital Resources

 Our employees are vital to our success. Our goal is to ensure that we have the right talent, in the right place, at the right time. We do that through our commitment to attracting, developing and retaining our employees.

 We have designed a compensation structure, including an array of benefit and long-term incentive plans, that we believe is attractive to our current and prospective employees. We also offer employees the opportunity to participate in conferences and continuing education.

 We seek to retain our employees by using their feedback to create and continually enhance programs that support their needs. We have a formal performance review process for our employees. We have a values-based culture, an important factor in retaining our employees. We are committed to having a diverse workforce, and an inclusive work environment is a natural extension of our culture.

 At December 31, 2023, we had 26 employees, 25 of which are full time. None of our employees are a member of a labor union.

 Corporate Information

 Our executive offices are located at 4600 South Syracuse Street, Suite 1450, Denver, Colorado 80237. Our telephone number at our executive offices is (720) 452-3100 and our corporate website is www.farmlandpartners.com. The information on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated into and does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.

 Available Information

 We file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports with the SEC. You may obtain copies of these documents by accessing the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are furnished to the SEC, we make copies of these documents available to the public free of charge through our website or by contacting our Secretary at the address set forth above under "—Corporate Information."

 Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and the charters of our audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee are all available in the Governance Documents section of the Corporate Information section of our website. The information accessible on our website is not incorporated in, nor should be considered a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Financial Information

 For required financial information related to our operations, please refer to our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Item 1A. Risk Factors

 Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our stockholders. You should carefully consider the following risks in evaluating our Company and our business. The occurrence of any of the following factors, events or circumstances described below could materially adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, the market price of shares of our common stock and preferred stock and our ability to, among other things, satisfy our debt service obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders, which in turn could cause our stockholders to lose all or a part of their investment. Some statements in this report including statements in the following risk factors constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Risks Related to Our Business and Properties

 Our business is dependent in part upon the profitability of our tenants' farming operations, and a sustained downturn in the profitability of their farming operations could have a material adverse effect on the amount of rent we can collect and, consequently, our cash flow and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We depend on our tenants to operate the farms we own in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow them to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent and real estate taxes, maintain certain insurance coverage and maintain the properties generally. The ability of our tenants to fulfill their obligations under our leases depends, in part, upon the overall profitability of their farming operations, which could be adversely impacted by, among other things, adverse weather conditions, crop prices, crop disease, pests, and unfavorable or uncertain political, economic, business, trade or regulatory conditions. We are susceptible to any decline in the profitability of our tenants' farming operations, to the extent that it would impact their ability to pay rents. In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may affect the successful operation of the farm. We can provide no assurances that, if a tenant defaults on its obligations to us under a lease, we will be able to lease or re-lease that farm on economically favorable terms in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment.

 As a result, any downturn in the profitability of the farming operations of our tenants or a downturn in the farming industry as a whole could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding, which may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations, restrict our operations and our ability to grow our business and revenues and restrict our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

 As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $363.1 million of outstanding indebtedness excluding debt issuance costs, most of which is secured by mortgages on our farms. We intend to incur additional debt in connection with refinancing of existing indebtedness, future acquisitions or for other purposes and, if necessary, we may borrow funds to make distributions to our stockholders in order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, we have sold farms in order to repay indebtedness in the past and may do so in the future. Such dispositions may come at inopportune times or on disadvantageous terms, which could result in losses.

 In addition, our debt agreements include customary events of default, the occurrence of any of which, after any applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding under the loans and to exercise their remedies with respect to the collateral, including foreclosure and sale of the agricultural real estate securing the loans. Certain of our debt agreements also contain cross-default provisions that give the lender the right, in certain circumstances, to declare a default if we are in default under other loans. If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could be materially and adversely affected.
 Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a property or group of properties subject to mortgage debt.

 As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $363.1 million of outstanding mortgage indebtedness excluding debt issuance costs. We intend to finance future property acquisitions, in part, with mortgage indebtedness. Mortgage and other secured debt obligations increase our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. Any foreclosure on a mortgaged property or group of properties could adversely affect the overall value of our portfolio of properties. For tax purposes, a foreclosure on any of our properties that is subject to a nonrecourse mortgage loan would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code.

 Our debt financing agreements restrict our ability to engage in certain business activities, including our ability to incur additional indebtedness, make capital expenditures and make certain investments.

 Our existing debt financing agreements contain, and other debt financing agreements we may enter into in the future may contain customary negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that, among other things:

 restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness;

 restrict our ability to incur additional liens;

 restrict our ability to make certain investments (including certain capital expenditures);

 restrict our ability to merge with another company;

 restrict our ability to sell or dispose of assets;

 restrict our ability to make distributions to stockholders; and

 require us to satisfy minimum financial coverage ratios, minimum tangible net worth requirements and maximum leverage ratios.

 Increases in benchmark interest rates will increase our borrowing costs, which will negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, growth prospects and ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 Beginning in 2022, the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve Bank (the "Federal Reserve") has undertaken a significant tightening of monetary policy, which has increased borrowing costs (through the resulting increase in interest rates) and decreased credit availability. The Federal Reserve has maintained elevated benchmark interest rates during 2022 and 2023 to help curb inflation, and although the Federal Reserve may reduce benchmark interest rates in 2024, there are no assurances that interest rates will be reduced on the anticipated timeline, and interest rates remain high. Future periods of rising interest rates could increase our borrowing costs on our existing floating-rate indebtedness as well as on any future fixed or floating rate indebtedness used to refinance existing indebtedness or to acquire new properties. As of December 31, 2023, $136.0 million of our outstanding indebtedness was subject to interest rates that reset from time to time (excluding our floating rate debt), of which $43.9 million was subject to interest rates that will be reset in 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average interest rate of the indebtedness subject to interest rate resets in 2024 was 3.07%, which we expect to increase significantly if benchmark interest rate levels remain constant as we expect them to during the course of 2024 (for more information on rate resets see "Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable"). Increases in borrowing costs could reduce our income and cash flow and materially and adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 Increases in interest rates will increase our tenants' borrowing costs and make it more difficult for them to obtain credit and may cause land prices to decline.

 Increasing interest rates result in higher borrowing costs for farmers and may make it more difficult for farm operators to obtain indebtedness to fund their operations, which could have an adverse impact on our tenants' ability to make rental payments to us. Higher interest rates also tend to decrease U.S. and world economic growth, thus decreasing the demand for certain agricultural commodities.

 All of these consequences could reduce farm income. If increases in interest rates are not accompanied by higher levels of farm income, this could lead to a reduction in our tenants' profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations, financial condition, and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We have issued Series A preferred units that may be converted to Common units on or after February 10, 2026, which Common units would be immediately redeemable, for cash or shares of common stock at the Company's option. The conversion of such Series A preferred units and potential redemption of the converted Common units for shares of common stock could have an immediate dilutive effect on the ownership interests of our common stockholders.

 On or after February 10, 2026 (the "Conversion Right Date"), holders of the Series A preferred units have the right to convert each Series A preferred unit into a number of Common units equal to (i) the $1,000 liquidation preference plus all accrued and unpaid distributions, divided by (ii) the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common

 stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. All Common units received upon conversion may be immediately tendered for redemption for cash or, at the Company's option, for shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Partnership Agreement. Prior to the Conversion Right Date, the Series A preferred units may not be tendered for redemption by the Holder. To the extent the Series A preferred units are converted to Common units and such Common units are redeemed for shares of common stock, our existing common stockholders would experience an immediate, and potentially significant, dilutive effect on their ownership interest in the Company, which could cause the market price of our common stock to be materially adversely affected.

 Global economic conditions, including inflation and supply chain disruptions, could adversely affect our and our tenants' operations.

 General global economic downturns and macroeconomic trends, including heightened inflation, volatility in the capital markets, interest rate and currency rate fluctuations, the war in Ukraine and the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, changes in trade policies among nations that import and/or export agricultural products and economic slowdown or recession, may result in unfavorable conditions that could negatively affect demand for our tenants' crops and exacerbate some of the other risks that affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, during 2022 and 2023 the Federal Reserve repeatedly raised interest rates in response to concerns about inflation. Interest rate increases or other government actions taken to reduce inflation could also result in an economic recession.

 Our tenants have experienced challenges in their supply chains and related price increases. Continued deterioration in the domestic or international economic environment may cause decreased demand for our tenants' crops, which could result in lower sales volume and lower prices for their crops, as well as increase the cost of operating their businesses and a corresponding adverse effect on their ability to make rental payments to us, which would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

 Approximately 70% of our portfolio is comprised of properties used to grow primary crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton, which subjects us to risks associated with primary row crops.

 By value, approximately 70% of our portfolio is used for primary crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton. As a result, any development or situation that adversely affects the value of properties generally, or the prices of corn, soybeans, wheat, rice or cotton, could have a more significant adverse impact on us than if our portfolio had less exposure to primary crops, which could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 Investments in farmland used for permanent/specialty crops have a different risk profile than farmland used for annual row crops.
 By value, approximately 30% of our portfolio is used for permanent crops, and, in the future, we may add to our investments in farmland used for permanent crops, as opposed to annual row crops. Permanent crops have plant structures (such as trees, vines or bushes) that produce yearly crops without being replanted. Examples include blueberries, oranges, apples, almonds and grapes. Permanent crops require more time and capital to plant and bear fruit and are more expensive to replace. If a farmer loses a permanent/specialty crop to drought, flooding, fire or disease, there generally would be significant time and capital needed to return the land to production because a tree or vine may take years to grow before bearing fruit.
 Permanent crop plantings also reduce a farmer's ability to adapt to changing market conditions by changing crops. If demand for one type of permanent crop decreases, the permanent crop farmer cannot easily convert the farm to another type of crop because permanent crop farmland is dedicated to one crop during the lifespan of the trees or vines and therefore cannot easily be rotated to adapt to changing environmental or market conditions.

 Our failure to continue to identify and consummate suitable acquisitions would significantly impede our growth and our ability to further diversify our portfolio by geography, crop type and tenant, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 Our ability to expand through farmland acquisitions is important to our business strategy and requires that we identify and consummate suitable acquisition or investment opportunities that meet our investment criteria and are compatible with our growth strategy. We compete for the acquisition of farmland and real estate assets related to farming with many other entities engaged in agricultural and real estate investment activities, including individual and family operators of farming businesses, corporate agriculture companies, financial institutions, institutional pension funds, public REITs, other real estate companies, private equity funds and other private real estate investors. These competitors may prevent us from acquiring desirable properties or may cause an increase in the price we must pay for such properties. Our competitors may adopt transaction structures similar to ours, which would decrease our competitive advantage in offering flexible transaction terms. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investment properties may increase, resulting in increased demand and increased prices paid for these properties. If we pay higher prices for properties, our profitability may decrease, and you may experience a lower return on your investment. Our failure to identify and consummate suitable acquisitions would significantly impede our growth, which would adversely affect our results of operations and cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 Failure to succeed in new markets may have adverse consequences.

 We intend to continue to acquire properties across the U.S. and may from time to time evaluate potential international acquisitions. When we acquire properties located in new geographic areas in the U.S. or internationally, or properties primarily devoted to a crop or industry with which we are less familiar (such as certain specialty crops, energy production, dairy farms or hog farms), we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local market, including the availability and identity of quality tenants, forging new business relationships in the area, developing an understanding of a crop or industry unfamiliar to us, and unfamiliarity with local or crop-specific government requirements and procedures. Furthermore, the negotiation of a potential expansion into new markets or industries may divert management time and other resources. As a result, we may have difficulties executing our business strategy in these new markets, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We do not continuously monitor and evaluate tenant credit quality, and our financial performance may be subject to risks associated with our tenants' financial condition and liquidity position.

 Certain of our leases do not require the full payment of rent in cash in advance of the planting season, which subjects us to credit risk exposure to our farm-operator tenants and the risks associated with farming operations, such as weather, commodity price fluctuations and other factors. We also are exposed to these risks with respect to leases for which the rent is based on a percentage of a tenant's farming revenues and leases with terms greater than one year. Because we do not monitor and evaluate the credit risk exposure related to farm-operator tenants on an ongoing basis, we are subject to the risk that our tenants, particularly those that may depend on leverage to finance their operations, could be susceptible to bankruptcy in the event that their cash flows are insufficient to satisfy their financial obligations, including meeting their obligations to us under their leases. As a result, we may not become aware of a tenant's financial distress until the tenant fails to make payments to us when due, which may significantly reduce the amount of time we have to evict the tenant and re-lease the farmland to a new tenant before the start of the spring planting season, and in the event of a tenant bankruptcy we may not be able to terminate the lease. If we are unable to re-lease the farmland on a timely basis, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

 Our short-term leases make us more susceptible to any decreases in prevailing market rental rates than would be the case if we entered into longer-term leases, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 Our leases with tenants engaged in farming operations have terms customary in the farming industry, ranging from one to three years, with some extending up to 40 years (e.g., renewable energy leases). We expect that most of the leases we enter into in the future will have two to seven-year terms. As a result, we are required to frequently re-lease our

 properties upon the expiration of our leases, which will make us more susceptible to declines in market rental rates than we would be if we were to enter into longer term leases. As a result, any decreases in the prevailing market rental rates in the geographic areas in which we own properties could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We may be unable to collect balances due on our leases from any tenants in financial distress or bankruptcy, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

 We are subject to tenant credit risk. Our tenants, particularly those that may depend on leverage, could be susceptible to defaults under their leases or bankruptcy in the event that their cash flows are insufficient to satisfy their financial obligations. Certain of our tenants have defaulted on their lease payments, and we have been forced to pursue alternative arrangements with those tenants in order to recover amounts due under the leases. In the future, we may be forced to enter into similar alternative arrangements or pursue litigation in order to collect payments from tenants who are unable make their lease payments as they come due. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to collect the full amount due under a particular lease if we are forced to pursue alternative payment arrangements or litigation with any of our tenants.

 If a bankrupt tenant rejects a lease with us, any claim we might have for breach of the lease, excluding a claim against collateral securing the lease, would be treated as a general unsecured claim. In the event of a tenant's default under its lease or its rejection of the lease in bankruptcy proceedings, we may be unable to locate a replacement tenant in a timely manner or on comparable or better terms. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.

 We depend on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which could limit our ability to, among other things, acquire additional properties, meet our capital and operating needs or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

 In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required under the Code to, among other things, distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including any net capital gains. Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including acquisition opportunities and principal and interest payments on any outstanding debt, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms, in the time period we desire, or at all. Any debt we incur will increase our leverage, expose us to the risk of default and may impose operating restrictions on us, and any additional equity we raise (including the issuance of common or preferred units) could be dilutive to existing stockholders. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:

 general market conditions, including conditions that are out of our control, such as actions or proposed actions of the current U.S. Presidential administration and the Federal Reserve to curb inflation or the impact of future public health crises;

 novel and unforeseen market volatility and trading strategies, such as short squeeze-rallies caused by retail investors on retail trading platforms;

 the market's view of the quality of our assets;

 the market's perception of our growth potential;

 our debt levels;

 our current and expected future earnings;

 our cash flow and cash distributions; and

 the market price per share of our common stock.

 If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist, meet the capital and operating needs of our existing properties, satisfy our debt service obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT.

 Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.

 The real estate investments made, and to be made, by us may be difficult to sell quickly. As a result, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to liquidity needs, changing economic, financial and investment conditions may be limited or we may have to sell properties at a loss. In addition, we seek to opportunistically dispose of properties when we are able to do so at a price we consider attractive and/or recognize a gain on sale. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We have used dispositions of assets in the past in order to meet our liquidity requirements. If we are required to dispose of additional assets for liquidity purposes, we may be unable to realize our investment objectives by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. Opportunities to dispose of assets at a gain may not be available to us, which would reduce our cash on hand for stock repurchases, distributions to stockholders, or for any other purpose. In particular, weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of jurisdictions in which the property is located, in each case may limit our ability to dispose of a property.

 In addition, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT's ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forego or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interests. Moreover, if we acquire properties from C corporations ( i.e., corporations generally subject to full corporate-level tax) in certain non-taxable transactions, as we have done in the past, built-in gain recognized on the non-taxable disposition of such properties within 5 years of our acquisition will be subject to tax at the highest applicable U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms.

 Some state laws prohibit or restrict the ownership of agricultural land by business entities, which could impede the growth of our portfolio and our ability to diversify geographically.

 Certain states, including Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Missouri and Kansas, in which a substantial amount of primary crop farmland is located, have laws that prohibit or restrict to varying degrees the ownership of agricultural land by corporations or business entities like us. As of December 31, 2023, we owned 320 acres of farmland in Kansas, 815 acres in Missouri and 2,114 acres in Oklahoma, and our ownership of those farms may be challenged under Kansas, Missouri or Oklahoma law, in which case we may be required to sell those farms at an unfavorable time and on unfavorable terms. Additional states may, in the future, pass similar or more restrictive laws, and we may not be legally permitted, or it may become overly burdensome or expensive, to acquire properties in these states, which could impede the growth of our portfolio and our ability to diversify geographically in states that might otherwise have attractive investment opportunities.

 Our farms are subject to adverse weather conditions, seasonal variability, crop disease and other contaminants, natural disasters and other natural conditions, including the effects of climate change and water availability, which may adversely affect the amount of variable rent or income from direct operations and/or our tenants' ability to pay fixed or variable rent and thereby have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 Crops are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions, including windstorms, tornados, floods, drought and temperature extremes, which are common but difficult to predict, and may occur with higher frequency or be even less predictable in the future due to the effects of climate change. Unfavorable growing conditions can reduce both crop yield and quality. Seasonal factors, including supply and consumer demand, may also have an effect on the value of crops grown by our tenants. In extreme cases, entire harvests may be lost in some geographic areas.

 In addition, crops are vulnerable to disease and pests. Damages to tenants' crops may vary in severity and effect, depending on the stage of production at the time of infection or infestation, the type of treatment applied and climatic conditions. The costs to control these infestations vary depending on the severity of the damage and the extent of the

 plantings affected. These infestations can increase the costs and decrease the revenues of our tenants. Tenants may also incur losses from product recalls, fines or litigation due to other contaminants that may cause food borne illness. It is difficult to predict the occurrence or severity of such product recalls, fines or litigation as well as their impact upon our tenants.

 We are particularly susceptible to adverse weather conditions (such as windstorms, tornados, floods, drought, hail and temperature extremes), transportation conditions (including navigation of the Mississippi River), crop disease, pests and other adverse growing conditions in California, Illinois, North Carolina, Colorado and Arkansas, which generate a significant portion of our revenues.

 While many of our leases are on a fixed-rent basis that does not change based on the success of the farming operations, we also utilize variable-rent leases pursuant to which the amount of the rent depends on crop yields and prices in regions where such arrangements are prevalent. Adverse weather conditions, seasonal variability, crop disease, pests and contaminants, natural disasters and other natural conditions, including the effects of climate change, could adversely affect the value of production on properties. This could impact our variable rent proceeds and our tenants' ability to continue to meet their obligations to us. This could have a material adverse effect on the value of our properties, our results of operations, financial condition, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 The market prices of the crops that our tenants may produce on our agricultural properties have exhibited periods of volatility, which may affect our tenants' ability to pay rent and thereby have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 The value of a crop is affected by many factors that can differ on a yearly basis. The unpredictability of weather and crop yields in the major crop production regions worldwide creates a significant risk of price volatility, which may either increase or decrease the value of the crops that our tenants produce each year. Other material factors adding to the volatility of crop prices are changes in government regulations and policy, fluctuations in global prosperity, fluctuations in foreign trade and export markets, and eruptions of military conflicts or civil unrest. Although rental payments under the majority of our leases typically are not based on the quality or profitability of our tenants' harvests, any of these factors could adversely affect our tenants' ability to meet their obligations to us and our ability to lease or re-lease properties on favorable terms, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of our properties, our results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 The impacts of trade disputes and geopolitical conflicts, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine and in the Middle East, could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants' farming operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the value of our properties.

 The potential for trade disputes between the United States and its primary agricultural trade partners has increased in recent years. This impacts the volatility of the market prices of certain crops that our tenants grow on our properties. There can be no assurances as to the impact of any change in trade policy on market prices of crops.

 Similarly, our and our tenants' operations are subject to risks stemming from geopolitical conflicts, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East. Food prices were at near record highs before the beginning of the war in Ukraine and have increased as a result of the war. U.S. farmers have seen increased profitability as a result of rising prices. However, we can provide no assurances that this increased profitability is sustainable in light of inflationary pressures on farming costs, rising interest rates and other economic factors or that such increase will result in commensurate increases in rental rates.

 A reduction in crop prices could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants and negatively impact their ability to make rental payments as they come due. If we are unable to recover the rental payments, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be materially and adversely affected. If we are required to remove a tenant, we may not be able to re-lease the property at current rental rates or at all. Furthermore, prolonged trade disputes or geopolitical conflicts that lead to a continuation of depressed crop prices could materially and adversely affect the underlying value of our properties.

 Adverse changes in government policies related to farming could affect the prices of crops and the profitability of farming operations, which could materially and adversely affect the value of our properties and our results of operations.

 There are a number of government programs that directly or indirectly affect the profitability of farm operators. These include marketing, export, renewable fuel and insurance policies and programs. Significant changes to or the elimination of programs and policies could adversely affect crop prices and the profitability of farming operations, which could materially and adversely impact the value of our farms and our ability to lease them on favorable terms, or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 We may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities related to acquired properties and properties that we may acquire in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 Properties that we have acquired, and properties that we may acquire in the future, may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities (for example, environmental or related liabilities or liabilities related to water usage) for which we may have no recourse, or only limited recourse, against the sellers. In general, the representations and warranties provided under the transaction agreements related to the purchase of properties that we acquire may not survive the completion of the transactions. Furthermore, indemnification under such agreements may be limited and subject to various materiality thresholds, a significant deductible or an aggregate cap on losses. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will recover any amounts with respect to losses due to breaches by the sellers of their representations and warranties. In addition, the total amount of costs and expenses that may be incurred with respect to liabilities associated with these properties may exceed our expectations, and we may experience other unanticipated adverse effects, all of which may materially and adversely affect us.

 The loss of key management personnel, particularly Paul A. Pittman and Luca Fabbri, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to implement our business strategy and to achieve our investment objectives.

 Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of our senior management team. We can provide no assurances that any of our key personnel will continue their employment with us. In particular, the loss of the services of Mr. Paul A. Pittman, our Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, or Mr. Luca Fabbri, our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to implement our business strategy and to achieve our investment objectives.

 Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers' financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.

 We have entered into joint investments (including our ownership interest in the OZ Fund) and may in the future, co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring noncontrolling interests in or sharing responsibility for developing properties and managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. With respect to our ownership interest in the OZ Fund and any similar arrangements that we may enter into in the future, we are not, and in the future may not be, in a position to exercise any decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Such joint investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not otherwise present with a direct investment in farmland properties, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives, and they may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale or financing, because neither we nor the partner(s) or co-venturer(s) would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. In addition, a sale or transfer by us to a third party of our interests in the joint venture may be subject to consent rights or rights of first refusal, in favor of our joint venture partners, which would in each case restrict our ability to dispose of our interest in the joint venture. Where we are a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company, if such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. Disputes

 between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers. Our joint ventures may be subject to debt and, during periods of volatile credit markets, the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls.

 We may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of our ownership interest in the OZ Fund, our long-term management agreement with the OZ Fund, the acquisition of MWA and the launch of a joint asset management platform with MWA, or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected. We may also encounter significant difficulties in managing the business and operations of OZ Fund and MWA client properties. The future results of our Company will suffer if we do not effectively manage properties on behalf of the OZ Fund and MWA clients.

 Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our ownership interest in the OZ Fund, our long-term management agreement with the OZ Fund, the acquisition of MWA and the asset management platform within MWA depends, in part, on our ability to successfully manage the business and operations of OZ Fund and MWA client properties. Following the consummation of the long-term management agreement with the OZ Fund and the acquisition of MWA, the number of acres of third-party farmland under our management increased significantly. If we fail to operate these business lines successfully, we may suffer losses.

 Furthermore, our ownership interest in the OZ Fund, the acquisition of MWA and our management of OZ Fund and MWA client properties could expose us to unknown or contingent liabilities that were not discovered during the course of due diligence. These liabilities could include exposure to unexpected environmental problems, compliance and regulatory violations, key employee and client retention problems and other problems that could result in significant costs to us. Many of these factors are outside our control, and any one of them could result in increased costs and liabilities, decreases in the amount of expected revenues, earnings and cash flows, and diversion of management's time and energy, which could have a material adverse effect on the business of the OZ Fund, MWA and/or us. All of these factors could negatively impact the asset management fees we expect to earn from the management of OZ Fund and MWA client properties and the returns we anticipate receiving from our ownership interest in the OZ Fund and the acquisition of MWA, all of which could negatively impact the price of our common stock, or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 We are exposed to risks associated with the management of third-party owned farmland and ancillary agricultural business activities and failure to succeed in new markets and these new lines of business may have adverse consequences.

 Through our long-term management agreement with the OZ Fund, property management business activity within MWA and our November 2022 purchase of land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand, we engage in property management activities on behalf of third-party property owners and lease out new agricultural-related properties, and may continue to pursue similar strategic activities if appropriate opportunities arise. Our historical experience in our existing markets in acquiring, owning and leasing farmland does not ensure that we will be able to operate successfully in new markets or in new lines of business. We may be exposed to a variety of risks when we enter a new market, property management opportunity or ancillary agricultural business activity, including an inability to accurately evaluate local market conditions and a lack of familiarity with local tenants. We may be unsuccessful in managing farmland properties on behalf of third-parties or leasing out agricultural equipment dealerships, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and we may be liable and/or our status as a REIT may be jeopardized if the third-party farmland management or agricultural equipment dealership facilities cause us to fail to comply with various tax or other regulatory matters.

 If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our Company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. While our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 contained an independent auditor's attestation report pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), we are not required to include such an audit report in this Annual Report. We have identified material weaknesses in the past. While we believe we have remediated all past material weaknesses, we cannot give any assurances that other material weaknesses will not be identified in the future in connection with our compliance with the provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The existence of any material weakness would preclude a conclusion by management and our independent auditors that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. Our management may be required to devote significant time and expense to remediate any material weaknesses that may be discovered and may not be able to remediate any material weakness in a timely manner. The existence of any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial statements that could require us to restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could lead to a decline in the per-share trading price of our common stock. In addition, at the time we no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company, we will be required to include an auditor attestation report pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, which will cause us to incur additional expenses, which may be significant.

 Under the FPI Loan Program, we provide loans to third-party farmers, which exposes us to risks associated with being a lender, including the risk that borrowers default on their obligations to us, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 Under the FPI Loan Program, we make loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for borrowers' working capital requirements and operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects, and for other farming and agricultural real estate related purposes. As of December 31, 2023, we have made loans to twelve distinct borrowers with original principal amounts totaling $36.7 million. These loans consist of: 15 loan agreements which were originally secured by senior first-lien mortgage loans secured against farmland; one loan is secured by a second mortgage secured against farmland and a personal guaranty; three loan agreements which were originally secured by working capital assets of the borrower; and one loan agreement which was originally secured by equipment of the borrower. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining loan balances total $13.9 million (representing 1% of our total assets as of December 31, 2023), of which $13.4 million were secured by senior first-lien mortgages and $0.5 million was secured by a second mortgage. We intend to make similar loans under the FPI Loan Program in the future. Payments on such loans depend on the profitable operation or management of the farmland or farmland-related property securing the loan or the maintenance of any equipment, or other assets securing the loan. The success of the farmland or farm-related property may be affected by many factors outside the control of the borrower, including adverse weather conditions that prevent the planting of a crop or limit crop yields, declines in market prices for agricultural products (both domestically and internationally) and the impact of government regulations (including changes in price supports, subsidies and environmental regulations). In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the farm. If the cash flow from a farming operation is diminished, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. If a borrower defaults under a loan for which we are the lender, we may attempt to foreclose on the collateral securing the loan, including by acquiring title to the subject property, crops, or equipment, to protect our investment. In response, the defaulting borrower may contest our enforcement of foreclosure or other available remedies, seek bankruptcy protection against our exercise of enforcement or other available remedies, or bring claims against us for lender liability. If a defaulting borrower seeks bankruptcy protection, the automatic stay provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code would preclude us from enforcing foreclosure or other available remedies against the borrower unless relief is first obtained from the court with jurisdiction over the bankruptcy case. In addition, we may be subject to intercreditor agreements that delay, impact, govern or limit our ability to foreclose on a lien securing a loan or otherwise delay or limit our pursuit of our rights and remedies. Any such delay or limit on our ability to pursue our rights or remedies could adversely affect our business, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In the event of a foreclosure, we may assume direct ownership of the underlying farm. Even if we successfully foreclose on the collateral securing our mortgage loans, foreclosure-related costs, high loan-to-value ratios or

 declines in property values could prevent us from realizing the full amount of our mortgage loans, and we could be required to record a valuation allowance for such losses.

 Liability for uninsured or underinsured losses could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and cash flow.

 Our properties may be damaged by adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and tornadoes. Our insurance may not be adequate to cover all damages or losses from these events, or we may view it as not economically prudent to purchase insurance for certain types of losses. Should an uninsured loss occur, we could lose our capital investment or anticipated profits and cash flows from one or more properties. If any such loss is insured, we may be required to pay a significant deductible on any claim for recovery of such a loss prior to our insurer being obligated to reimburse us for the loss, or the amount of the loss may exceed our coverage for the loss, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flow.

 We have previously been subject to, and may in the future be subject to, litigation or threatened litigation, which may require us to pay damages and expenses or restrict the operation of our business.

 We have previously been subject to, and may be subject in the future, to litigation or threatened litigation, including claims relating to the actions of our tenants, claims brought by stockholders, and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. In particular, we are subject to the risk of complaints by our tenants involving premises liability claims and alleged violations of landlord-tenant laws, which may give rise to litigation or governmental investigations, as well as claims and litigation relating to real estate rights or uses of our properties. Additionally, whether or not any dispute actually proceeds to litigation, we may be required to pay damages or expenses, which may be significant, or involve our agreement with terms that restrict the operation of our business. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves; however, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of pending claims against the Company or of those claims that may arise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters against us may result in our having to pay significant fines, judgments, or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments, and settlements exceed insured levels, could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby having an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our ability to pay distributions on, and the per share trading price of, our common stock. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage and could expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and/or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and directors, which could adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows and our ability to pay distributions on, and the value of, our common and preferred stock. For more information about our resolved and ongoing legal proceedings see "Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 We may incur significant unrecoverable costs if we are not successful in connection with the litigation we have filed against Sabrepoint.

 As described in further detail in "Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, on July 2, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against First Sabrepoint Capital Management, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Partners, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Participation, LP, George Baxter, and Donald Marchiony (collectively, "Sabrepoint") seeking relief for Sabrepoint's alleged role in a "short and distort scheme" to profit from an artificial decline in the Company's stock price stemming from an article posted on Seeking Alpha, which contained numerous false statements about the Company. On December 17, 2021, the Company's claims against Sabrepoint were dismissed by the court, which granted (i) Sabrepoint's motion for summary judgment on collateral estoppel grounds, and (ii) motion to dismiss pursuant to the Texas Citizens Participation Act ("TCPA"). On March 21, 2022, after the Company filed a notice signaling an intent to appeal both orders, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas (the "Court of Appeals") entered an order declaring the trial court's TCPA order "VOID because the motion was denied by operation of law." Accordingly, the Company narrowed its appeal to the trial court's grant of summary judgment. On January 26, 2022, Sabrepoint filed a motion for attorney's fees relating to the defense of that action. The trial court granted the motion for certain fees claimed by Sabrepoint as relating to its pursuit of its TCPA motion, but as noted above, the Court of Appeals subsequently overturned the TCPA order that formed the basis of Sabrepoint's fee request, mooting the motion and the Court's order on the same. On June 30, 2023, the Court of Appeals granted the

 Company's appeal, determining that the Company's claims against Sabrepoint are not barred, reversing the trial court and remanding the case for further proceedings on the merits. On October 13, 2023, Sabrepoint filed a Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court, requesting the court to review the Court of Appeals' decision. The Company filed a response to the Sabrepoint Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court on December 27, 2023, and on February 16, 2024, the Texas Supreme Court requested a briefing on the merits. The petition is now fully briefed and pending a decision from the court. For more information see "Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We may not be successful in this litigation, in which case we would have incurred significant costs and expenses. Even if we are successful, there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover damages. To the extent that any such adverse effects exceed any benefits we may realize from pursuing this litigation, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may suffer materially.

 A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could result in a violation of law or negatively impact our reputation and relationships with our tenants, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition.

 Information and security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks. We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations, and we also use mobile devices and other online activities to connect with our employees and tenants. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. We have in the past experienced cyberattacks on our computers and computer networks, and, while none to date have been material, we expect that additional cyberattacks will occur in the future. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including tenants', suppliers' and employees' personally identifiable information and financial and strategic information about us.

 If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with our operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we and our suppliers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us and our suppliers to entirely mitigate this risk. Further, in the future we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. We can provide no assurances that the measures we have implemented to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents will be effective in the event of a cyber-attack.

 The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third-parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, violation of privacy laws, loss of tenants, potential liability and competitive disadvantage, any of which could result in a material adverse effect on financial condition or results of operations.

 For more information on cybersecurity, see "Item 1C. Cybersecurity Disclosure."

 Potential liability for environmental matters could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 We are subject to the risk of liabilities under federal, state and local environmental laws applicable to agricultural properties, including those related to wetlands, groundwater and water runoff. Some of these laws could subject us to:

 responsibility and liability for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous substances released on our properties, generally without regard to our knowledge of or responsibility for the presence of the contaminants;

 liability for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances or chemical releases at disposal facilities for persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of these substances; and

 potential liability for claims by third parties for damages resulting from environmental contaminants.

 Environmental site assessments were not conducted on all the farms in our portfolio and we do not expect to conduct environment site assessments on all farms we acquire in the future. Our costs of investigation, remediation or removal of hazardous substances may be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or to borrow using the property as collateral. We may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. Additionally, we could become subject to new, stricter environmental regulations, which could diminish the utility of our properties and have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

 We may be required to permit the owners of certain third-party access rights on our properties to enter and occupy parts of the properties, including owners of mineral rights and power generation and transportation infrastructure, which could materially and adversely impact the rental value of our properties.

 Although we own the surface rights to our farms and expect to own the surface rights to properties that we acquire in the future, other persons or entities may own third-party access rights on our properties based upon their ownership of certain minerals, power generation and transportation infrastructure or similar property rights. Some of these third-party access rights, such as those related to oil, water or natural gas may be located under the surfaces of these properties, while others, particularly those third-party access rights related to power generation and transportation infrastructure such as wind turbines or oil pipelines, may be located on or above the surfaces of these properties. For example, in connection with our acquisition of a group of farms in Colorado and Kansas, the seller retained 50% of the mineral rights related to the farm. Currently there is no mineral development or significant power generation and transportation infrastructure on the farms in our portfolio other than on properties for which we own the rights, but we can provide no assurances that third parties will not assert claims for mineral rights, third-party access rights related to power generation and transportation infrastructure and other related property rights on the farms in our portfolio or that farmland that we acquire in the future will not be subject to these third-party access rights. To the extent that third parties have third-party rights on farmland that we currently own or acquire in the future, we expect that we would be required to permit third parties to enter our properties for the purpose of such activities as drilling and operating oil or gas wells, operating and maintaining oil pipelines and operating and maintaining wind turbines on the premises. We may also be required to set aside a reasonable portion of the surface area of our properties to accommodate these operations. The devotion of a portion of our properties to these operations would reduce the amount of the surface available for farming or farm-related uses. Such activities might also disrupt the productivity of the farmland or property related to farming or increase the risk of environmental liabilities, any of which could adversely impact the rents that we receive from leasing these properties.

 We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics which may have a material adverse effect on our business. The nature and extent of future impacts are highly uncertain and unpredictable.

 We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics. Our rental revenue and operating results depend significantly on the ability of our tenants to meet their rent and other obligations to us. If the impacts of a future public health crisis continue for an extended period of time, we expect that certain tenants may experience financial distress, which could result in late payments, requests for rental relief, business closures, rent concessions or other accommodations, as applicable. In some cases, we may have to restructure tenants' long-term rent obligations and may not be able to do so on terms that are as favorable to us as those currently in place.

 The scope and duration of any future public health crisis, including the potential emergence of new variants of the COVID-19 virus, the pace at which government restrictions are imposed and lifted, the scope of additional actions taken to mitigate the spread of disease, global vaccination and booster rates, the speed and extent to which global markets and utilization rates for our products fully recover from the disruptions caused by such a public health crisis, and the impact of these factors on our business, financial condition and results of operations, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.

 To the extent public health crises adversely affect our operations and global economic conditions more generally, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein.

 Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

 Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our Operating Partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 Although holders of our Common units do not have voting rights or the power to direct the Company's affairs, there could be potential conflicts, conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our Operating Partnership or any partner thereof.

 Our directors and officers have duties to our company under Maryland law in connection with their management of our Company. At the same time, our wholly owned subsidiary, Farmland Partners OP GP, LLC, as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, has fiduciary duties and obligations to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement in connection with the management of our Operating Partnership. The general partner's fiduciary duties and obligations as the general partner of our Operating Partnership may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company. These conflicts of interest could lead to decisions that are not in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

 Unless otherwise provided for in a partnership agreement, Delaware law generally requires a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership to adhere to fiduciary duty standards under which it owes its limited partners the highest duties of good faith, fairness and loyalty and which generally prohibit such general partner from taking any action or engaging in any transaction as to which it has a conflict of interest. The partnership agreement provides that, in the event of a conflict between the interests of the limited partners of our Operating Partnership, on the one hand, and the separate interests of our stockholders, on the other hand, the general partner, in its capacity as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, shall act in the interests of our stockholders and is under no obligation to consider the separate interests of the limited partners of our Operating Partnership in deciding whether to cause our Operating Partnership to take or not to take any actions. The partnership agreement further provides that any decisions or actions not taken by the general partner in accordance with the partnership agreement will not violate any duties, including the duty of loyalty, that the general partner, in its capacity as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, owes to our Operating Partnership and its partners.

 Additionally, the partnership agreement provides that the general partner will not be liable to our Operating Partnership or any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by our Operating Partnership or any limited partner unless the general partner acted in bad faith and the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the loss, liability or benefit not derived. Our Operating Partnership must indemnify the general partner, us, our directors and officers, officers of our Operating Partnership and others designated by the general partner from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our Operating Partnership, unless (1) an act or omission of the indemnified person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the indemnified person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Our Operating Partnership must also pay or reimburse the reasonable expenses of any such person upon its receipt of a written affirmation of the person's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to repay any amounts paid or advanced if it is ultimately determined that the person did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification. Our Operating Partnership will not indemnify or advance funds to any person with respect to any action initiated by the person seeking indemnification without our approval (except for any proceeding brought to enforce such person's right to indemnification under the partnership agreement) or if the person is found to be liable to our Operating Partnership on any portion of any claim in the action. No reported decision of a Delaware appellate court has interpreted provisions similar to the provisions of the partnership agreement that modify and reduce our fiduciary duties or obligations as the sole member of the general partner or reduce or eliminate our liability for money damages to our Operating Partnership and its partners, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel as to the enforceability of the provisions set forth in the partnership

 agreement that purport to modify or reduce the fiduciary duties that would be in effect were it not for the partnership agreement.

 Our charter contains certain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.

 Our charter contains certain ownership limits with respect to our stock. Our charter, among other restrictions, prohibits the beneficial or constructive ownership by any person of more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock, excluding any shares that are not treated as outstanding for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from this ownership limit if certain conditions are satisfied. This ownership limit as well as other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock in our charter may:

 discourage a tender offer or other transactions or a change in management or of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests; and

 result in the transfer of shares acquired in excess of the restrictions to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and, as a result, the forfeiture by the acquirer of certain of the benefits of owning the additional shares.

 We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval, which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction that our stockholders believe to be in their best interests.

 Our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, has the power under our charter to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue. In addition, under our charter, our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, has the power to authorize us to issue authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and set the preference, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for such newly classified or reclassified shares. As a result, we may issue series or classes of common stock or preferred stock with preferences, dividends, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, that are senior to, or otherwise conflict with, the rights of holders of our common stock. Although our Board of Directors has no such intention at the present time, it could establish a class or series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.

 Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions that could involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.

 Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the "MGCL") may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under certain circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:

 "business combination" provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an "interested stockholder" (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock or any affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock) or an affiliate thereof for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder and thereafter impose fair price and/or supermajority voting requirements on these combinations; and

 "control share" provisions that provide that "control shares" of our Company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy, entitle

 the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a "control share acquisition" (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding "control shares") have no voting rights with respect to their control shares except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.

 By resolution of our Board of Directors, we have opted out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and provided that any business combination between us and any other person is exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). In addition, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have opted out of the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our Board of Directors may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future.

 Additionally, certain provisions of the MGCL permit our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or our bylaws, to implement takeover defenses, some of which (for example, a classified board) we do not currently employ. These provisions may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our Company or of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of our Company under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price. Our charter contains a provision whereby we elect to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our Board of Directors.

 Our charter, our bylaws and Maryland law also contain other provisions, including the provisions of our charter on removal of directors and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws, that may delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 Certain provisions in the partnership agreement may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.

 Provisions in the partnership agreement may delay, or make more difficult, unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes of our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some of our stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include, among others:

 redemption rights;

 a requirement that the general partner may not be removed as the general partner of our Operating Partnership without our consent;

 transfer restrictions on Common units;

 our ability, as general partner, in some cases, to amend the partnership agreement and to cause our Operating Partnership to issue units with terms that could delay, defer or prevent a merger or other change of control of us or our Operating Partnership without the consent of the limited partners; and

 the right of the limited partners to consent to direct or indirect transfers of the general partnership interest, including as a result of a merger or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, in the event that such transfer requires approval by our common stockholders.

 Our Board of Directors may change our strategies, policies and procedures without stockholder approval.

 Our investment, financing, leverage and distribution policies, and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, capitalization and operations, are determined exclusively by our Board of Directors, and may be amended or revised at any time by our Board of Directors without notice to or a vote of our stockholders. This could result in us conducting operational matters, making investments or pursuing different business or growth strategies than those contemplated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Further, our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, that we may incur. Our Board of Directors may alter or eliminate our current policy on borrowing at any time without stockholder approval. If this policy changed, we could become more highly leveraged

 which could result in an increase in our debt service. Higher leverage also increases the risk of default on our obligations. In addition, a change in our investment policies, including the manner in which we allocate our resources across our portfolio or the types of assets in which we seek to invest, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, real estate market fluctuations and liquidity risk. Changes to our policies with regards to the foregoing could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

 Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event that we take certain actions which are not in our stockholders' best interests.

 Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner that he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under the MGCL, directors are presumed to have acted with this standard of care. As permitted by Maryland law, our charter eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.

 Our charter and bylaws obligate us to indemnify each present and former director or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers. We also have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors granting them express indemnification rights. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our charter, bylaws and indemnification agreements or that might exist for other public companies.

 Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our management.

 Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our senior management and may prevent a change in control of our Company that is in the best interests of our stockholders. Our charter provides that a director may only be removed for cause upon the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Vacancies may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if less than a quorum. These requirements make it more difficult to change our senior management by removing and replacing directors and may prevent a change in control of our Company that is in the best interests of our stockholders.

 Our Operating Partnership may issue additional Common units or one or more classes of preferred units to third parties without the consent of our stockholders, which would reduce our ownership percentage in our Operating Partnership and could have a dilutive effect on the amount of distributions made to us by our Operating Partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our stockholders.

 As of December 31, 2023, we owned approximately 97.6% of the outstanding Common units in our Operating Partnership (on a fully diluted basis). Since our initial public offering, we have issued a total of 8.0 million Common units and a total of 117,000 Series A preferred units as consideration in connection with our acquisition of properties, and we may issue additional Common units and Series A preferred units of one or more classes in connection with our acquisition of properties, as compensation or otherwise. Such issuances would reduce our ownership percentage in our Operating Partnership and could affect the amount of distributions made to us by our Operating Partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our stockholders. Our common stockholders do not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of our Operating Partnership.

 Certain aspects of our Series A preferred units may limit our ability to make distributions to our common stockholders.

 The distribution rate on our Series A preferred units is fixed, and no distributions can be paid to our common stockholders unless we have paid all cumulative dividends on our Series A preferred units. The distribution preference of our Series A preferred units could materially and adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to our common stockholders.

 U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks
 Failure to maintain qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes would subject us to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, which would substantially reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2014. To maintain qualification as a REIT, we must meet various requirements set forth in the Code concerning, among other things, the ownership of our outstanding stock, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amount of our distributions. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex, and interpretations of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. We believe that our current organization and method of operation will enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, at any time, new laws, interpretations or court decisions may change the U.S. federal tax laws relating to, or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of, qualification as a REIT. It is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our Board of Directors to determine that it is not in our best interest to qualify as a REIT and to revoke our REIT election, which it may do without stockholder approval.

 If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In addition, we generally would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lost our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.

 As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and would substantially reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 To qualify as a REIT and to avoid the payment of U.S. federal income and excise taxes, we may be forced to borrow funds, use proceeds from the issuance of securities, pay taxable dividends of our stock or debt securities or sell assets to make distributions, which may result in our distributing amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations.

 To obtain the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs, we normally are required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on acquisitions of properties and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, use proceeds from the issuance of securities, pay taxable dividends of our stock or debt securities or sell assets in order to distribute enough of our taxable income to maintain our qualification as a REIT and to avoid the payment of U.S. federal income and excise taxes.

 Future sales of properties may result in penalty taxes or may be made through TRSs, each of which would diminish the return to you.

 It is possible that one or more sales of our properties may be "prohibited transactions" under provisions of the Code. If we are deemed to have engaged in a "prohibited transaction" ( i.e., we sell a property held by us primarily for sale in the ordinary course of our trade or business), all income that we derive from such sale would be subject to a 100% tax. The

 Code sets forth a safe harbor for REITs that wish to sell property without risking the imposition of the 100% tax. A principal requirement of the safe harbor is that the REIT must hold the applicable property for not less than two years prior to its sale for the production of rental income. It is entirely possible that a future sale of one or more of our properties will not fall within the prohibited transaction safe harbor.

 If we acquire a property that we anticipate will not fall within the safe harbor from the 100% penalty tax upon disposition, we may acquire such property through a TRS in order to avoid the possibility that the sale of such property will be a prohibited transaction and subject to the 100% penalty tax. If we already own such a property directly or indirectly through an entity other than a TRS, we may contribute the property to a TRS. Though a sale of such property by a TRS likely would mitigate the risk of incurring a 100% penalty tax, the TRS itself would be subject to regular corporate income tax at the U.S. federal level, and potentially at the state and local levels, on the gain recognized on the sale of the property as well as any income earned while the property is operated by the TRS. Such tax would diminish the amount of proceeds from the sale of such property ultimately distributable to our stockholders. Our ability to use TRSs in the foregoing manner is subject to limitation. Among other things, the value of our securities in TRSs may not exceed 20% of the value of our assets and dividends from our TRSs, when aggregated with all other non-real estate income with respect to any one year, generally may not exceed 25% of our gross income with respect to such year. No assurances can be provided that we would be able to successfully avoid the 100% penalty tax through the use of TRSs.

 In addition, if we acquire any asset from a C corporation ( i.e., a corporation generally subject to full corporate-level tax) in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset determined by reference either to the C corporation's basis in the asset or to another asset, we will pay tax, at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate, on any built-in gain recognized on a taxable disposition of the asset during the 5-year period after its acquisition. As a result of the manner in which we acquired the Hudye Farm in 2014, a subsequent taxable disposition by us of any such assets generally would be subject to the foregoing built-in gain rules.

 In certain circumstances, we may be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes as a REIT, which would reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal income taxes or state taxes. As discussed above, net income from a "prohibited transaction" will be subject to a 100% penalty tax and built-in gain recognized on the taxable disposition of assets acquired from C corporations in certain non-taxable transactions will be subject to tax at the highest applicable U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. To the extent we satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to REITs, but distribute less than 100% or our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on our undistributed income. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain capital gains we earn from the sale or other disposition of our properties and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, our stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the companies through which we indirectly own our assets. Any U.S. federal or state taxes we pay will reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 The ability of our Board of Directors to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.

 Our charter provides that our Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.

 If our Operating Partnership were classified as a "publicly traded partnership" taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT and would suffer other adverse tax consequences.

 We intend for our Operating Partnership to be treated as a "partnership" for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the IRS were to successfully assert our Operating Partnership was "publicly traded," our Operating Partnership could be taxable as a corporation if less than 90% of its gross income consisted of certain qualifying passive income. In such event, we likely would fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the resulting corporate income tax burden would reduce the amount of distributions that our Operating Partnership could make to us. This would substantially reduce the cash available to pay distributions to our stockholders.

 Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or sell properties earlier than we wish.

 To maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of shares of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to our stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution, or we may be required to forego or liquidate otherwise attractive investments in order to comply with the REIT tests. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

 You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our common stock.

 Certain provisions of the Code and the stock ownership limits in our charter may inhibit market activity in our capital stock and restrict our business combination opportunities. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, beneficially or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity beneficially or constructively owns our capital stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year. To help ensure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our stock.

 Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our Board of Directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our Board of Directors, our charter prohibits any person from beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. Our Board of Directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of such ownership limit would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT.

 Dividends paid by REITs generally do not qualify for the favorable tax rates available for some dividends.

 The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income paid to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates currently is 20%. Dividends paid by REITs generally are not eligible for such reduced tax rate. Instead, our ordinary dividends generally are taxed at the higher tax rates applicable to ordinary income, the current maximum rate of which is 37%. Although the favorable tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, such favorable tax rates could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock. However, for taxable years prior to 2026, individual stockholders are generally allowed to deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations, which would reduce the maximum marginal effective federal income tax rate for individuals on the receipt of such ordinary dividends to 29.6%.

 Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws, including the enactment of certain tax reform measures, could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.

 In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments in real estate and REITs. There can be no assurance that future changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulatory changes will not be proposed or enacted that could impact our business and financial results. The REIT rules are regularly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department, which may result in revisions to regulations and interpretations in addition to statutory changes. If enacted, certain of such changes could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
 We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent any new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will impact the real estate investment industry or REITs. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential future changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our shares.
 Risks Related to the Market for Our Capital Stock

 We may be unable to make distributions at expected levels, which could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

 We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. However, we significantly reduced the amount of distributions on our common stock beginning in the third quarter of 2018, and we may be required to reduce our distributions further in the future. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be based upon, among other factors, our historical and projected results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, maintenance of our REIT qualification and other tax considerations, capital expenditure and other expense obligations, debt covenants, contractual prohibitions or other limitations and applicable law and such other matters as our Board of Directors may deem relevant from time to time. If sufficient cash is not available for distribution from our operations, we may have to fund distributions from working capital, borrow to provide funds for such distributions, or reduce the amount of such distributions. To the extent we borrow to fund distributions, our future interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been. If cash available for distribution generated by our assets is less than our current estimate, or if such cash available for distribution decreases in future periods from expected levels, our inability to make the expected distributions could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

 Continued increases in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our common stock is our distribution yield, which is our distribution rate as a percentage of the share price of our common stock, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates continue to stay elevated or increase further, prospective investors may desire a higher distribution yield on our common stock or may seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our common stock is driven partly by the earnings that we derive from rental income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to stockholders, and also from the current market value of the properties themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions are likely to affect the market price of our common stock and such effects could be significant.

 The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be highly volatile and low, respectively.

 The stock markets, including the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), on which our common stock is listed, historically have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. As a result, the market price of our common stock is likely to be similarly volatile, and investors in our common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The price of our common stock could be subject

 to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including those listed in this "Risk Factors" section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and others such as:

 actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations or dividends;

 changes in our funds from operations or earnings estimates;

 changes in government regulations or policies affecting our business or the farming business;

 publication of research reports about us or the real estate or farming industries;

 sustained decreases in agricultural commodity and crop prices;

 increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our common stock to demand a higher yield;

 changes in market valuations of similar companies;

 adverse market reaction to any additional debt we incur in the future;

 additions or departures of key management personnel;

 actions by institutional stockholders;

 speculation in the press or investment community;

 the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K;

 the extent of investor interest in our securities;

 the general reputation of REITs and the attractiveness of our equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies;

 our underlying asset value;

 investor confidence in the stock and bond markets generally;

 changes in tax laws;

 future equity issuances;

 failure to meet earnings estimates;

 failure to meet and maintain REIT qualifications and requirements;

 low trading volume of our common stock; and

 general market and economic conditions, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the impact of public health and safety concerns.

 In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the price of their common stock. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us, including our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our common stock.

 Our common stock is subject to trading risks created by the spread of false information and manipulative trading.

 Our common stock is widely traded and held by a diverse group of investors, including retail investors, and these investors are subject to the influence of information provided by third party investor websites and independent authors distributing information on the internet. This information is often widely distributed, in some cases anonymously, including through platforms that mainly serve as hosts seeking advertising revenue. These sites and internet distribution strategies create opportunities for individuals to pursue both "pump and dump" and "short and distort" strategies. We believe that many of these websites have little or no requirements for authors to have professional qualifications. While these sites sometimes require disclosure of stock positions by authors, as far as we are aware these sites do not audit the accuracy of such conflict of interest disclosures. In addition, we believe that many of these websites have few or lax editorial standards, and thin or non-existent editorial staffs. Despite our best efforts, we may not be able to obtain corrections to information provided on these websites about our Company, and any corrections that are obtained may not be achieved prior to the majority of audience impressions being formed for a given article. These conditions create volatility and risk for holders of our common stock and should be considered by investors. While we have sought to engage regulators to address activities that we believe are intentionally misleading, we can make no guarantees that regulatory authorities will take action on these types of activities, and we cannot guarantee that any action taken by regulators or legislators will timely address damage done by the activities of these websites and authors.

 The number of shares of our common stock available for future issuance or sale may have adverse effects on the market price of our common stock.

 As of December 31, 2023, approximately 48.0 million shares of our common stock were outstanding. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, other than the Common units held by us, approximately 1.2 million Common units in our Operating Partnership were outstanding, 1.2 million of which currently may be tendered for redemption by the holders, for cash, or at our option, for shares of our common stock, on a one-for-one basis. We have registered the issuance of 1.2 million of the shares issuable upon redemption of Common units, and we intend to register the issuance of additional shares that may be issued upon redemption of Common units so that such shares will be freely tradable under the securities laws.

 We cannot predict whether future issuances or sales of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the open market will decrease the per share trading price per share of our common stock. The per share trading price of our common stock may decline significantly when we register the shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of outstanding Common units.

 Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our common stock and any outstanding preferred equity securities upon liquidation, which may be senior to our common stock for purposes of dividend distributions or upon liquidation, and Common units in connection with future acquisitions may materially adversely affect us, including the per share trading price of our common stock.

 In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or equity securities (or causing our Operating Partnership to issue debt securities), including medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes and classes or series of preferred stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities, shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will be entitled to receive payments prior to distributions to the holders of our common stock. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Any future series of preferred stock could have a preference on liquidating distributions and a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk that our future offerings could reduce the per share trading price of our common stock and dilute their interest in us. In addition, the issuance of Common units in connection with future acquisitions and the redemption of such Common units for common stock may be dilutive to our stockholders and could have an adverse effect on the per share trading price of our common stock.

 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

 None.

 Item 1C. Cybersecurity
 The Company assesses cybersecurity risk and exposure on an ongoing basis and implements tools that are commensurate with the risks that the Company faces. In light of the Company's relatively small size and personnel, it relies heavily on reputable third-party vendors to mitigate key cybersecurity risks and exposures. While the nature of the Company's business and the data it processes inherently limit the Company's exposure to cybersecurity risk, the Company has implemented and maintains controls, policies, procedures and safeguards to maintain and protect confidential information as well as the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all information technology systems and data used in connection with the Company's business. The Company generally approaches cybersecurity threats through a comprehensive approach, with the specific goals of: (i) identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats to the Company; (ii) preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store to use in our business; (iii) protecting the Company's intellectual property; (iv) maintaining the confidence of our customers, clients and business partners; and (v) providing appropriate public disclosure of cybersecurity risks and incidents when required.

 Risk Management and Strategy
 Consistent with overall risk management policies and practices, the Company's cybersecurity program focuses on the following areas:

 Vigilance: The Company employs tools to identify, prevent and mitigate cybersecurity threats and respond to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with our internal cybersecurity policies and controls.

 Systems Safeguards: The Company and its third party vendors deploy systems safeguards that are designed to protect the Company's information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved on an ongoing basis.

 Third-Party Risk Management: The Company ensures that all third party vendors that process or have access to sensitive information have appropriate cybersecurity risk controls in place.

 Training: The Company communicates regularly with employees to increase awareness around phishing and spoofing attempts and other cybersecurity schemes. Employees are encouraged to report suspicious emails or incidents to the General Counsel or the President and Chief Executive Officer.

 Incident Response Policies: The Company has established and maintains incident response policies that address the Company's response to a cybersecurity incident.

 Communication, Coordination and Disclosure: The Company promotes awareness and surveillance over cybersecurity risk at all levels of the organization, including staff, senior management and the Board.

 Governance
 The Board oversees the management of risks from cybersecurity threats, including the policies, standards, processes and practices that the Company's management implements to address risks from cybersecurity threats. The Board receives presentations on cybersecurity issues and developments as needed. The Board also will receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets established reporting materiality thresholds, as well as ongoing updates regarding such incident until it has been addressed. The Company evaluates the materiality of a cybersecurity incident based on the overall impact of the event, which depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the financial impact of the incident and the type of information involved. At least once each year, the Board discusses the Company's approach to cybersecurity risk management with the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel.
 The Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, Luca Fabbri, is the member of the Company's management that is principally responsible for overseeing the Company's cybersecurity risk management program and incident reporting, in partnership with other business leaders across the Company. In the event there is a material cybersecurity breach or incident, Mr. Fabbri works in coordination with the Company's General Counsel, Christine Garrison, to assess and respond, including by reporting this incident to the Board and/or applicable regulatory authorities, as necessary or required. Mr. Fabbri has a high level of exposure to cybersecurity oversight through his current and previous work in the technology sector. Mr. Fabbri has served in various roles in information technology and information security for over 30 years, including serving as a consultant with Elk Creek Ventures Inc. from 2003 to 2012, through which he provided consulting services in technology, and serving as co-founder and vice president of engineering of Co3 Systems Inc., an enterprise software company in the cybersecurity space that is now part of IBM, from 2010 to 2011. Mr. Fabbri also co-founded a software company called HomeSphere, for which he served as senior vice president and chief financial officer from 2000 to 2002, and currently serves on the board of directors of Basil Systems Inc., a healthcare software company. Mr. Fabbri, Ms. Garrison and the Company's Chief Financial Officer each hold degrees in their respective fields, and each have over 15 years of experience with managing risks at the Company and in environments similar to the Company's, including risks arising from cybersecurity threats.

 Mr. Fabbri, in coordination with the Board, works collaboratively across the Company to implement a program designed to protect the Company's information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly respond to any cybersecurity incidents. Mr. Fabbri and Ms. Garrison monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in real time, and report such incidents to the Board and applicable regulatory authorities when appropriate.
 The Company has in the past experienced cyberattacks on its computer networks and, although none to date have been material, the Company expects that additional cyberattacks will occur in the future. Cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

 Item 2. Properties

 The information set forth under the caption "Our Properties" in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference herein.

 Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 For information regarding legal proceedings as of December 31, 2023, see "Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 Not Applicable.

 Item 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Market Information

 Our common stock trades on the NYSE under the symbol "FPI."

 Stock Performance Graph

 The following graph compares the total stockholder return of our common stock (assuming reinvestment of dividends) against the cumulative returns of the Standard & Poor's Corporation Composite 500 Index and the Dow Jones Equity All REIT Index for the past five years. Our common stock began trading on the NYSE on September 8, 2015 and was previously traded on the NYSE MKT following our initial public offering on April 19, 2014.

 Period Ending

 12/31/2018

 12/31/2019

 12/31/2020

 12/31/2021

 12/31/2022

 12/31/2023

 100.00

 153.84

 203.17

 283.83

 301.19

 313.12

 S&P 500 Index

 100.00

 131.47

 155.65

 200.29

 163.98

 207.04

 Dow Jones Equity All REIT Index

 100.00

 128.74

 122.57

 173.07

 129.79

 144.46

 Distribution Information

 Since our initial quarter as a publicly traded REIT, we have made regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. We intend to continue to declare quarterly distributions, but we cannot provide any assurance as to the amount or timing of future distributions.

 Our ability to make distributions in the future will depend upon our actual results of operations and earnings, economic conditions and other factors that could differ materially from our current expectations, including the impact of ongoing litigation. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenue we receive from our properties, our operating expenses, interest expense, the ability of our tenants to meet their obligations and unanticipated expenditures. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially adversely affect our actual results of operations, see "Risk Factors." Any future distributions will be authorized by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law, the capital requirements of our Company and the distribution requirements necessary to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT. We may be required to fund distributions from working capital or borrow to provide funds for such distributions, or we may choose to make a portion of the required distributions in the form of a taxable stock dividend to preserve our cash balance or reduce our distribution. No distributions can be paid on our common stock

 unless we have paid all cumulative dividends on our Series A preferred units. The distribution preference of our Series A preferred units could limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our common stock.

 Holders of our Series A preferred units are entitled to receive cash distributions at a rate of 3.00% per annum on the $1,000 liquidation preference of the Series A preferred units, which is payable annually in arrears on January 15 of each year. See "Risk Factors — Certain aspects of our Series A preferred units may limit our ability to make distributions to our common stockholders."

 In order to maintain qualification as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income (including net capital gains) and will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under applicable U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to distribute our net income to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid any U.S. federal income tax liability on our income and the 4% nondeductible excise tax. We anticipate that our estimated cash available for distribution will exceed the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs. However, under some circumstances, we may be required to use cash reserves, incur debt or liquidate assets at rates or times that we regard as unfavorable or make a taxable distribution of our shares in order to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax.

 We anticipate that, from time to time, our distributions will exceed our then current and accumulated earnings and profits for the relevant taxable year, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, due to non-cash expenses such as certain stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization. Therefore, a portion of our distributions may represent a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The extent to which our distributions exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits may vary substantially from year to year. To the extent a distribution is treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will reduce a stockholder's adjusted tax basis in the holder's shares and, to the extent it exceeds the holder's adjusted tax basis, will be treated as gain resulting from a sale or exchange of such shares. As a result, the gain (or loss) recognized on a sale of that common stock or upon our liquidation would be increased (or decreased) accordingly.

 Stockholder Information

 As of February 23, 2024, there were approximately 53 direct holders of record of our common stock. However, because many shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we believe there are substantially more beneficial holders of our common stock than record holders. As of February 23, 2024, there were approximately 11 holders (other than our Company) of our Common units. Our Common units are redeemable for cash or, at our election, for shares of our common stock, on a one-for-one basis. As of February 23, 2024, there were five holders of our Series A preferred units.

 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Share Repurchase Program

 On March 15, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $25.0 million in shares of our common stock. Repurchases under this program may be made from time to time, in amounts and prices as we deem appropriate. Repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, trading restrictions under our insider trading policy and other relevant factors. This share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion. We expect to fund repurchases under the program using cash on our balance sheet. On August 1, 2018, our Board of Directors increased the authority under the share repurchase to $38.5 million. On November 7, 2019, the Board of Directors approved an additional $50 million under the share repurchase program. On May 3, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $75.0 million increase resulting in total availability under the share repurchase program of approximately $88.0 million as of such date. On

 November 1, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a $40.0 million increase in the total authorization available under the program, increasing the total availability under the share repurchase program to approximately $85.0 million as of such date. Our repurchase activity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 under the share repurchase program is presented in the following table. As of December 31, 2023, we had $83.3 million of availability under the program.

 (in thousands except per share amounts)

 Total Number of Common Shares Purchased

 Average Price Paid per Share

 Total Number of Preferred Shares Purchased

 Average Price Paid per Share

 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs

 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Share Repurchase Program

 October 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023

 $

 10.28

 —

 $

 —

 $

 45,459

 November 1, 2023 - November 30, 2023

 11.72

 —

 —

 83,283

 December 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 83,283

 Total

 $

 11.07

 —

 $

 —

 The total number of shares purchased includes shares of our common stock transferred to us in order to satisfy tax withholding obligations incurred upon the vesting of restricted stock awards held by our employees.

 Subsequent to December 31, 2023, we did not repurchase any shares of common or preferred stock.

 Item 6. [Reserved]

 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Overview and Background

 Our primary strategic objective is to utilize our position as a leading institutional acquirer, owner and manager of high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America to deliver strong risk adjusted returns to investors through a combination of cash dividends and asset appreciation. As of December 31, 2023, we owned farms with an aggregate of approximately 132,800 acres in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 38,300 acres, including farms in Iowa. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 70% of our portfolio (by value) was used to grow primary crops, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton, and approximately 30% was used to produce specialty crops, such as almonds, citrus, blueberries, and vegetables. We believe our portfolio gives investors the economic benefit of increasing global food demand in the face of growing scarcity of high-quality farmland and will continue to reflect the approximate allocation of U.S. agricultural output between primary crops and animal protein (whose production relies principally on primary crops as feed), on one hand, and specialty crops, on the other.

 In addition, under the FPI Loan Program, we make loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects.

 FPI was incorporated in Maryland on September 27, 2013, and is the sole member of the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, which is a Delaware limited partnership that was formed on September 27, 2013. All of FPI's assets are held by, and its operations are primarily conducted through, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2023, FPI owned 97.6% of the Common units and none of the Series A preferred units. See "Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the non-controlling interests.

 FPI has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

 Recent Developments

 2023 Dispositions

 During 2023, we completed dispositions consisting of 74 properties in the Corn Belt, Delta and South, High Plains, Southeast and West Coast regions. We received $195.5 million in aggregate consideration, including $11.8 million in seller financing, and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $36.1 million. In connection with the foregoing seller-financed transactions, we deferred an additional net gain on sale of $2.1 million. The deferred gain will be recognized at such time as we consider collection of the seller-financed portion of the sale price to be probable under applicable accounting standards.

 Share Repurchases

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased 6,551,087 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $11.00 per share. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $83.3 million of capacity remaining under the stock repurchase plan. In addition, the Company redeemed 34,000 Common units in exchange for cash of approximately $0.4 million.

 Deleveraging and Maintained Liquidity Position

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, we reduced our overall indebtedness by $76.4 million, largely with proceeds from the asset dispositions described above, resulting in an increase in liquidity.

 As of December 31, 2023, we had access to liquidity of $206.6 million, consisting of $5.5 million in cash and $201.1 million in undrawn availability under our credit facilities with Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation (collectively, "Farmer Mac"), Metropolitan Life Insurance Company ("MetLife"), and Rutledge Investment Company ("Rutledge") compared to cash of $7.7 million and $169.0 million in undrawn availability under our credit facilities as of December 31, 2022. For more information on our deleveraging efforts and liquidity please see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources".

 Lease Renewals

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, we renewed fixed cash farm leases expiring in 2023 at average rent increases of approximately 20%.

 Impact of the War in Ukraine

 Food prices were near record highs even before the invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine and the Russian Federation represent large portions of global trade in a variety of agricultural products (e.g., 34% of global wheat exports, according to the International Food Policy Research Institute). The disruption in farming operations in Ukraine, and trade from the Black Sea region has stressed the food supply for many countries that depend on imports of agricultural products from the region, such as Egypt (wheat for food products) and China (corn for livestock).

 The Russian Federation is also a major exporter of fertilizers and trade restrictions have hampered the flow of fertilizers to countries dependent on imports from the Black Sea region. United States farmers, including our tenants, however, generally source fertilizers from the United States and Canada.

 We anticipate that U.S. farmers will continue to be an important contributor to global food imports as Russia continues its aggression against Ukraine, and high demand for primary crops, which are the core of our business, together with high commodity prices, will sustain high levels of profitability for U.S. farmers. We can provide no assurances as to whether this anticipated increase in profitability will have an impact on rental rates in the regions in which we operate.

 Inflation and Interest Rates

 Most of our farming leases have lease terms of three years for row crops and up to seven years for permanent crops, pursuant to which each tenant is responsible for substantially all of the operating expenses related to the property, including maintenance, water usage and insurance. As a result, we believe that the effect on us of inflationary increases in operating expenses are borne largely by our tenants under the terms of their leases. We believe that inflationary increases in farmer profitability will continue to impact lease renegotiations upon renewals, as we have seen in the most recent renewal cycle in late 2023. Furthermore, high levels of inflation have prompted the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve to increase the Federal Reserve's discount rate, which has led to a significant increase in market short- and long-term interest rates since the beginning of 2022. This increase in rates has significantly increased the cost of our floating rate debt and has also significantly increased the cost of certain of our MetLife debt with interest rates that have been reset since the beginning of 2022. The Federal Reserve may continue this policy of maintaining elevated rates, which would further increase interest expense for many businesses, including the Company.

 Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations and Farmland Values

 The principal factors affecting our operating results and the value of our farmland include long-term global demand for food relative to the global supply of food; farmland fundamentals and economic conditions in the markets in which we own farmland; and our ability to increase or maintain rental revenues while controlling expenses. We are currently in an

 environment of appreciating land values, driven by, among other things, inflation, strong commodity prices (further exacerbated by the war in Ukraine) and an outlook for high levels of farmer profitability. Sustained high interest rates can serve as a counter-balancing external factor to this favorable environment. Each year additional farmland in various portions of the world, including the United States, is repurposed for commercial development, thus decreasing the land acreage available for production of grains, oil seeds, permanent and specialty crops necessary to feed the world's growing population. Although farmland prices may show a decline from time to time, we believe that any reduction in U.S. farmland values overall is likely to be short-lived as global demand for food and agricultural commodities typically exceeds global supply and quality farmland becomes scarcer.

 Food Demand

 We expect that global demand for food, driven primarily by significant increases in the gross domestic product ("GDP") per capita and global population, will continue to be the key driver of farmland values. We expect that global demand for most crops will continue to keep pace with global population growth. We also believe that growth in global GDP per capita, particularly in developing nations, will contribute significantly to increasing demand for primary crops. As global GDP per capita increases, the composition of daily caloric intake is expected to shift away from the direct consumption of primary crops toward more fruits, vegetables and animal-based proteins, which is expected to result in increased demand for primary crops as feed for livestock. We believe that once individuals increase consumption of higher quality food, they will strongly resist returning to their former dietary habits, resulting in greater inelasticity in the demand for food. We anticipate these factors will lead to either higher crop prices and/or higher yields and, therefore, higher rental rates on our farmland, as well as sustained growth in farmland values over the long term.

 In addition, global demand for corn and soybeans as inputs in the production of biofuels such as ethanol and soy-based diesel also could impact the prices of corn and soybeans, which, in the long term, could impact our rental revenues and our results of operations. However, we believe that growth in GDP per capita and global population will be more significant drivers of global demand for primary crops over the long term.

 Despite advances in income, according to "The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023," a report by the UN FAO, 2.4 billion people were facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2022. The ongoing war in Ukraine has disrupted supply chains and affected the prices of grain, fertilizer, and energy, further stressing food supplies for developing countries that are dependent on food imports.

 Farmland Supply

 According to the World Bank Group arable land per capita has decreased by approximately 50% from 1961 to 2021, further exacerbated by international conflicts, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine. Typically, additions to cropland are in areas of marginal productivity, while cropland loss, driven by urban development, tends to affect primarily highly productive areas. According to a study published in 2017 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, urban expansion is expected to take place on cropland that is 1.77 times more productive than the global average. The global supply of food is also impacted by the productivity per acre of arable land. Historically, productivity gains (measured by average crop yields) have been driven by advances in seed technology, farm equipment, irrigation techniques, and improvements in soil health, chemical nutrients and pest control. On the other hand, we expect the shortage of water in many irrigated growing regions in the United States and around the globe, often as a result of new water restrictions imposed by laws or regulations, to lead to decreased productivity on those acres.

 Conditions in Our Existing Markets

 Our portfolio is broadly diversified across numerous farmland markets and crop types. Across all regions, farmland acquisitions continue to be dominated by buyers who are existing farm owners and operators, whereas institutional investors constitute a small fraction of the industry (less than 5% of total farmland in the United States). We generally see firm demand for high quality properties across all regions and crop types.

 Farmland values are typically very stable, often showing modest increases even in years of commodity price weakness. We expect this trend to continue, with modest but consistent annual increases that compound into significant appreciation

 in the long term. Under certain market conditions, as in 2021, 2022 and 2023, with strong commodity prices and farmer profitability, there are periods of accelerating appreciation in farmland values. Leases renegotiated under the robust market conditions experienced in 2021, 2022, and 2023 reflected significant rent increases. While the pace of appreciation and transaction volume slowed in 2023, these metrics remain strong relative to long-term trends.

 We believe quality farmland in the United States has a near-zero vacancy rate as a result of the supply and demand fundamentals discussed above. We believe that due to the relatively high fixed costs associated with farming operations (including equipment, labor and knowledge), many farm operators choose to rent additional acres of farmland when it becomes available in order to allocate their fixed costs over additional acres. Our view is that rental rates for farmland are a function of farmland operators' view of the long-term profitability of farmland, and that many farm operators will compete for farmland even during periods of decreased profitability due to the scarcity of farmland available to rent. Furthermore, because it is generally customary in the industry to provide the existing tenant with the opportunity to re-lease the land at the end of each lease term, we believe that many farm operators will rent additional land that becomes available in order to control the ability to farm that land in future periods. As a result, in our experience, many farm operators will aggressively pursue rental opportunities in their operable geographic area, even when the farmer anticipates lower profits returns or even short-term losses.

 Lease Expirations

 Farm leases are generally one to three years in duration. As of December 31, 2023, our portfolio had the following lease expirations as a percentage of approximate acres leased and annual minimum fixed rents:

 Year Ending December 31,

 Approximate Acres

 % of Approximate
Acres

 Annual Fixed
Rents

 % of Annual
Fixed Rents

 2024

 38,961

 29.3

 %

 $

 12,017

 36.1

 %

 2025

 28,066

 21.1

 %

 7,124

 21.4

 %

 2026

 32,625

 24.6

 %

 6,432

 19.3

 %

 2027

 19,519

 14.7

 %

 4,751

 14.3

 %

 2028

 0.1

 %

 0.2

 %

 Thereafter

 13,485

 10.2

 %

 2,888

 8.7

 %

 132,799

 100.0

 %

 $

 33,271

 100.0

 %

 Rental Revenues

 Our revenues are primarily generated from renting farmland to operators of farming businesses. Our leases generally have terms ranging from one to three years, with some extending up to 40 years (e.g., renewable energy leases). Although the majority of our leases do not provide the tenant with a contractual right to renew the lease upon its expiration, we believe it is customary to provide the existing tenant with the opportunity to renew the lease, subject to any increase in the rental rate that we may establish. If the tenant elects not to renew the lease at the end of the lease term, the land will be offered to a new tenant. As discussed above, the vacancy rate for quality U.S. farmland is near-zero and there is often competition among prospective tenants for quality farmland; accordingly, we do not believe that re-leasing farmland upon the expiration of existing leases is a significant risk for the Company.

 The leases for the majority of the row-crop properties in our portfolio provide that tenants pay us, typically, 50% of their fixed farm rent in advance of each spring planting season. As a result, we collect a significant portion of total annual rents in the first calendar quarter of each year, which we believe mitigates the tenant credit risk associated with the variability of farming operations that could be adversely impacted by poor crop yields, weather conditions, mismanagement, undercapitalization or other factors affecting our tenants. Tenant credit risk is further mitigated by the farming industry practice of purchasing crop insurance in almost every circumstance because it is required by lenders who provide working capital financing to our tenants and due to requirements in our leases. In certain cases, the Company perfects its security interest in the crop insurance proceeds and the underlying growing crops using practices applicable in the state where the farm is located. Prior to acquiring farmland property, we take into consideration the competitiveness of the local farm-operator tenant environment in order to enhance our ability to quickly replace a tenant that is unwilling to renew a lease or is unable to pay a rent payment when it is due. Many of our leases provide for the reimbursement by the tenant of the property's real estate taxes that we pay in connection with the farms they rent from us.

 Expenses

 Substantially all of our farm leases are structured in such a way that we are responsible for major maintenance expenses, certain liability and casualty insurance and taxes (which are sometimes reimbursed to us by our tenants), while our tenant is responsible for operating expenses, minor maintenance, water usage and all of the additional input costs related to farming operations on the property, such as seed, fertilizer, labor and fuel. We expect leases for farmland we acquire in the future will contain similar features related to expenses. As the owner of the land, we generally only bear costs related to major capital improvements permanently attached to the property, such as irrigation systems, drainage tile, grain storage facilities, permanent plantings or other physical structures customary for farms. In cases where capital expenditures are necessary, we typically seek to offset, over a period of multiple years, the costs of such capital expenditures by increasing rental rates.

 We incur costs associated with running a public company, including, among others, costs associated with our personnel, Board of Directors, compliance, legal and accounting, due diligence and acquisitions (including, among others, travel expenses and consulting fees). Inflation in personnel costs, which is impacting many United States businesses, is also likely to impact our expenses.

 We also incur costs associated with managing farmland assets. The management of our farmland, generally, has significant economies of scale, as farmland generally has minimal physical structures that require routine inspection and maintenance, and our leases, generally, are structured to require the tenant to pay many of the operating expenses associated with the property. We do not expect the expenses associated with managing our portfolio of farmland to increase significantly as the number of farm properties we own increases over time.

 Crop Prices

 While many people assume that short-term crop prices have a great impact on farm values, we believe that long-term farmer profitability and revenue per acre, expressed as crop prices multiplied by crop yield, is a much more significant driver of farm value. Crop yield trends in corn and soybeans have been steadily increasing over the last thirty years. After yields for the 2022/2023 marketing year (September 2022 to August 2023) decreased slightly for both corn and soybeans compared to the previous year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture projects yields to increase slightly for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024). Short-term crop price changes have had little effect historically on farmland values. They also have a limited impact on our rental revenue, as most of our leases provide for fixed farm rents, a common approach in agricultural markets, especially with respect to row crops. Fixed farm rent significantly simplifies the administrative requirements for the landlord and the tenant, as farmers benefit from the fundamental revenue hedging that occurs when large crop yields mitigate the effect of lower crop prices. Similarly, lower crop yields have a tendency to trigger higher crop prices and help increase revenue even when confronted by lower crop yields. Such hedging effect also limits the impact of short-term crop price changes on revenues generated by leases with a variable rent component based on farm revenues. Further risk mitigation is available to tenants, and indirectly to us, via crop insurance and hedging programs implemented by tenants. Our TRS also takes advantage of these risk mitigation programs and strategies with respect to the properties it directly operates.

 Crop prices are affected by many factors that can differ on a yearly basis. Weather conditions and crop diseases can create a significant risk of price volatility. Changes in government regulations and policy, fluctuations in global prosperity, fluctuations in foreign trade and export markets and eruptions of military conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine, or civil unrest also impact crop prices.

 Interest Rates

 The Federal Reserve has engaged in a series of significant increases in the discount rate, which is the rate the Federal Reserve charges member banks for overnight funds. These increases affect all borrowing rates, and for variable rate debt and debt with rates that reset periodically, such increases have a direct and relatively immediate impact.

 As of December 31, 2023, $136.0 million of our outstanding indebtedness was subject to interest rates that reset before maturity (excluding our floating rate debt), of which $43.9 million was subject to interest rates that will be reset in 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average interest rate of the indebtedness subject to interest rate resets in 2024 was 3.07%.

 At December 31, 2023, $80.5 million, or 22.2%, of our debt had variable interest rates, however, as stated in "Note 10—Hedge Accounting" to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has an interest rate swap with Rabobank for $33.2 million, which reduces floating rate exposure to $47.3 million. After adjusting the $33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased to 13.0%. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt spreads, if SOFR increased by 1.0%, our cash flow would decrease by approximately $0.5 million per year, and if SOFR decreased by 1.0%, our cash flow would increase approximately $0.5 million per year.

 We expect that future changes in interest rates will impact our overall operating performance by, among other things, affecting our borrowing costs and borrowing costs of our tenants. While we may seek to manage our exposure to future changes in rates through interest rate swap agreements or interest rate caps, portions of our overall outstanding debt will likely remain at floating rates or subject to interest rates that reset periodically. In addition, a sustained material increase in interest rates may cause farmland prices to decline if the rise in real interest rates (nominal interest rates minus the inflation rate) is not accompanied by rises in the general levels of inflation. However, our business model anticipates that over time the value of our farmland will increase, as it has in the past, at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate of inflation, which may in part offset the impact of rising interest rates on the value of our farmland, but there can be no guarantee that this appreciation will occur to the extent that we anticipate or at all.

 International Trade

 After a 33% decrease in exports of corn for the 2022/2023 marketing year (September 2022 to August 2023), the USDA estimates corn exports will be up 26% for the 2023/2024 marketing year (September 2023 to August 2024). After a 7% decrease in exports of soybeans for the 2022/2023 marketing year, the USDA estimates soybean exports will be down 12% for the 2023/2024 marketing year, due to lower production.

 According to the USDA Outlook for Agricultural Trade, the top three export countries from the United States are China, Mexico, and Canada. Exports to China for fiscal year 2023 (October 2022 to September 2023) were $33.7 billion, down 7% from 2022. Exports to Canada were $27.9 billion, down 3% from 2022. Exports to Mexico were $28.2 billion, up 1% from 2022. Exports to China for fiscal year 2024 are forecast to decrease to $30 billion, while exports to Mexico and Canada are expected to decrease slightly to $27.9 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively.

 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions. We have provided a summary of our significant accounting policies in the notes to the historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing. We have set forth below those accounting policies that we believe require material subjective or complex judgments and have the most significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis, based on information that is then available to us, our experience and various matters that we believe are reasonable and appropriate for consideration under the circumstances.

 Real Estate Acquisitions

 When allocating the purchase price of properties acquired using the relative fair value, a number of significant assumptions can be used by management. We may utilize various sources, including third-party appraisals, our own analysis of recently acquired or developed properties and existing comparable properties in our portfolio, other market data and property specific characteristics such as soil types, water availability and the existence of leases acquired with

 the acquisition. The allocations of purchase price are sensitive and involve a degree of uncertainty due to the nature of the inputs and judgements, as well as the number, magnitude and complexity of these inputs and judgements made by management. See "Note 5—Real Estate" for additional discussion regarding acquisitions completed by the Company.

 Impairment of Real Estate Assets

 Assessing impairment can be complex and involves a high degree of subjectivity in determining if impairment indicators are present and in estimating the future undiscounted cash flows or the fair value of an asset. In particular, these estimates are sensitive to significant assumptions, including the estimation of future rental revenues, operating expenses, discount and capitalization rates and our intent and ability to hold the related asset, all of which could be affected by our expectations about future market or economic conditions. Assumptions are primarily subject to property-specific characteristics, especially with respect to our intent and ability to hold the related asset. While these property-specific assumptions can have a significant impact on the undiscounted cash flows or estimated fair value of a particular asset, our evaluation of the reported carrying values of long-lived assets during the current year were not particularly sensitive to external or market assumptions. There was $5.8 million and $0.0 million of impairment recognized on real estate assets in the accompanying financial statements during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives

 Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill has been reduced below its carrying value. Assessing the fair value of a reporting unit involves a high degree of subjectivity. Significant assumptions include future cash flow, discount rates and future capital requirements. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment expense is recognized. Intangible assets with indefinite lives is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the asset is below its carrying value. Assessing the fair value of the asset involves a high degree of subjectivity regarding the significant assumptions including future cash flow and the discount rate. There have been no goodwill or intangible asset impairments recognized in the accompanying financial statements during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Results of Operations

 This section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2022

 2023

 2022

 $ Change

 % Change

 OPERATING REVENUES:

 Rental income

 $

 49,185

 $

 48,879

 $

 0.6

 %

 Crop sales

 2,257

 5,372

 (3,115)

 (58.0)

 %

 Other revenue

 6,024

 6,959

 (935)

 (13.4)

 %

 Total operating revenues

 57,466

 61,210

 (3,744)

 (6.1)

 %

 OPERATING EXPENSES

 7,499

 6,960

 7.7

 %

 Property operating expenses

 8,660

 8,190

 5.7

 %

 Cost of goods sold

 4,754

 5,966

 (1,212)

 (20.3)

 %

 Acquisition and due diligence costs

 (94)

 (84.7)

 %

 General and administrative expenses

 11,274

 12,005

 (731)

 (6.1)

 %

 Legal and accounting

 1,279

 2,874

 (1,595)

 (55.5)

 %

 5,840

 —

 5,840

 NM

 Other operating expenses

 10.8

 %

 Total operating expenses

 39,467

 36,236

 3,231

 8.9

 %

 OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE:

 Other (income)

 (39)

 (663)

 (94.1)

 %

 (Income) from equity method investment

 (1)

 (52)

 (98.1)

 %

 (36,133)

 (2,641)

 (33,492)

 NM

 Interest expense

 22,657

 16,143

 6,514

 40.4

 %

 Total other expense

 (13,516)

 12,787

 (26,303)

 NM

 Net income before income tax (benefit) expense

 31,515

 12,187

 19,328

 158.6

 %

 Income tax (benefit) expense

 (166)

 (393)

 NM

 NET INCOME

 $

 $

 $

 19,721

 164.9

 %

 NM = Not Meaningful

 Our net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was affected partially by acquisitions and dispositions that occurred since December 31, 2022, as well as lower crop sales, cost of goods sold, auction and brokerage revenue, legal and accounting expense, higher interest expense and the impairment of certain properties.

 Rental income increased $0.3 million, or 0.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting primarily from increased fixed farm rent, solar rent and revenue recognized from tenant reimbursements, partially offset by lower variable rent.

 Crop sales decreased $3.1 million, or 58.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was the result of a lower volume of crop sold on citrus farms and the conversion of blueberry farms from direct operations to third party leases.

 Other revenue decreased $0.9 million, or 13.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $1.6 million in auction and brokerage income, and a decrease of $0.3 million in crop insurance proceeds, partially offset by an increase of $1.0 million in management fees and interest income.

 Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased $0.5 million, or 7.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was driven by non-recurring adjustments in the second and third quarters of 2023 and more depreciable assets placed into service, partially offset by asset dispositions and more assets becoming fully depreciated.

 Property operating expenses increased $0.5 million, or 5.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting from higher tax, insurance, and cost sharing on a West Coast farm, partially offset by lower utilities expense.

 Cost of goods sold decreased $1.2 million, or 20.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was the result of a lower volume of crop sold on citrus farms and the conversion of blueberry farms from direct operations to third party leases, partially offset by an increase in walnuts in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Acquisition and due diligence costs remained relatively flat at $0.0 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 General and administrative expenses decreased $0.7 million, or 6.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by lower bonus, stock-based compensation and travel expense partially offset by higher payroll costs.

 Legal and accounting expenses decreased $1.6 million, or 55.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the successful defense and termination of the stockholder class action litigation that was pending against the Company from July 2018 until dismissal of the litigation by a federal judge on April 6, 2022.

 Impairment of assets increased $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was the result of certain properties being written down to their estimated fair value.

 Other operating expenses remained flat at $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Other income decreased $0.6 million, or 94.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease is primarily due to proceeds from a property insurance claim received during the year ended December 31, 2022, due to weather-related damage, partially offset by loss on early extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Income from equity method investment remained relatively flat at $0.0 million and $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Gain on disposition of assets, net increased $33.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due the appreciation of farmland value on properties sold relative to book value as well as a greater number of property dispositions during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. In connection with the sale of two farms in December 2023 pursuant to which we provided $9.5 million of seller financing, we deferred an additional net gain on sale of $2.1 million. The deferred gain will be recognized at such time as we consider collection of the seller-financed portion of the sale price to be probable under applicable accounting standards.

 Interest expense increased $6.5 million, or 40.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was the result of an increase in interest rates, partially offset by a lower average balance on outstanding debt.

 Income tax (benefit) changed from income tax expense of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to income tax benefit of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This change is due to tax adjustments of prior period estimates.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources

 Overview

 Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay any outstanding borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, acquire new properties, make distributions to our stockholders and unitholders, and fund other general business needs.

 High levels of inflation have prompted the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased interest expense. We expect to meet our liquidity needs through cash on hand, undrawn availability under our lines of credit ($201.1 million in availability as of December 31, 2023), operating cash flows, borrowings, proceeds from equity issuances and selective asset dispositions where such dispositions are deemed to be in the best interests of the Company.

 On May 6, 2022, we entered into equity distribution agreements under which we may issue and sell from time to time, through sales agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100.0 million (the "ATM Program"). The ATM Program is intended to provide cost-effective financing alternatives in the capital markets. We intend to continue to utilize the ATM Program when the market price of our common stock remains at levels which are deemed appropriate by our Board of Directors. We may increase the size of the ATM Program in the future. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold no shares under the ATM Program and had $50.5 million in shares of common stock available for issuance under the ATM Program.

 Our ability to incur additional debt will depend on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets, compliance with the covenants under our existing debt agreements, borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders and the conditions of debt markets.

 When material debt repayments are due within the following 12 months, we work with current and new lenders and other potential sources of capital sufficiently in advance of the debt maturity to ensure that all of our obligations are satisfied in a timely manner. We have a history of being able to refinance or extend our debt obligations to manage our debt maturities. Our ability to access the equity capital markets will depend on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions. We have an effective shelf registration statement with approximately $100 million of capacity (approximately $150 million inclusive of the ATM Program availability mentioned above) whereby we could issue additional equity or debt securities, which we have done successfully in the past as mentioned above. The Company has no material debt maturities due before 2025.

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 6,551,087 shares of its common stock at a weighted average price of $11.00 per share. We currently have authority to repurchase up to an aggregate of $83.3 million in additional shares of our common stock. In addition, the Company redeemed 34,000 Common units in exchange for cash of approximately $0.4 million.

 Consolidated Indebtedness

 For further details relating to our consolidated indebtedness refer to "– Recent Developments – Financing Activity" and Note 7 – Mortgage Notes, Line of Credit and Bonds Payable included in the financial statement section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Sources and Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents

 The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 2023

 2022

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities

 $

 12,887

 $

 17,051

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities

 $

 158,461

 $

 (60,398)

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities

 $

 (173,513)

 $

 20,830

 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2022

 As of December 31, 2023, we had $5.5 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to $7.7 million at December 31, 2022.

 Cash Flows from Operating Activities

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities decreased by $4.2 million primarily as a result of the following:

 Receipt of $39.8 million in fixed rents, $9.0 million in variable rent and $2.2 million in tenant reimbursements for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the receipt of $35.8 million in fixed rents, $9.5 million in variable rents, and $2.2 million in tenant reimbursements for the year ended December 31, 2022;

 A change in depreciation, depletion and amortization of $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022;

 (Gain) on disposition of assets, net during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $36.1 million as compared to $2.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 A change in accounts receivable of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $(2.3) million for the year ended December 31, 2022;

 A change in accrued interest of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022; and

 A change in deferred revenue of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Cash Flows from Investing Activities

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities increased by $218.9 million primarily as a result of the following:

 Property acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $22.2 million as compared to $54.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 Property dispositions during the year ended December 31, 2023 for cash consideration of $195.5 million as compared to $17.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 An increase of $1.6 million in real estate improvements during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022; and

 Issuances of notes receivable under the FPI Loan Program and financing receivables of $11.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $20.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Cash Flows from Financing Activities

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities increased by $194.3 million primarily as a result of the following:

 Borrowings from mortgage notes payable during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $79.5 million as compared to $223.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 Repayments on mortgage notes payable during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $155.9 million as compared to $296.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 Net proceeds from the ATM Program during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $0.0 million as compared to $121.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 Common stock repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $72.2 million as compared to $0.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022;

 Redemption of Series A preferred units during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $8.1 million as compared to $10.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022; and

 Dividends on common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $12.3 million as compared to $11.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 Funds from Operations ("FFO") and Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO")

 We calculate FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit. Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable operating property, real estate related depreciation, depletion and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs), impairment write-downs of depreciated property, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. FFO is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. Management presents FFO as a supplemental performance measure because it believes that FFO is beneficial to investors as a starting point in measuring our operational performance. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from sales of depreciable operating properties, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. We believe that, as a widely recognized measure of the performance of REITs, FFO will be used by investors as a basis to compare our operating performance with that of other REITs.

 However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures necessary to maintain the operating performance of improvements on our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. In addition, other equity REITs may not calculate FFO in accordance with the Nareit definition as we do, and, accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs' FFO. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. FFO also should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP.

 We do not, however, believe that FFO is the only measure of our operating performance. Changes in GAAP accounting and reporting rules that were put in effect after the establishment of Nareit's definition of FFO in 1999 result in the inclusion of a number of items in FFO that do not correlate with the sustainability of our operating performance. Therefore, in addition to FFO, we present AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted, both of which are non-GAAP measures. Management considers AFFO a useful supplemental performance metric for investors as it is more indicative of the Company's operational performance than FFO. AFFO is not intended to represent cash flow or liquidity for the period and is only intended to provide an additional measure of our operating performance. Even AFFO, however, does not properly capture the timing of cash receipts, especially in connection with full-year rent payments under lease agreements entered into in connection with newly acquired farms. Management considers AFFO per share, fully diluted to be a supplemental metric to GAAP earnings per share. AFFO per share, fully diluted provides additional insight into

 how our operating performance could be allocated to potential shares outstanding at a specific point in time. Management believes that AFFO is a widely recognized measure of the operations of REITs, and presenting AFFO will enable investors to assess our performance in comparison to other REITs. However, other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted, and, accordingly, our AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted may not always be comparable to AFFO and AFFO per share amounts calculated by other REITs. AFFO and AFFO per share, fully diluted should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or earnings per share (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance or as a measure of our liquidity, nor are they indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.

 AFFO is calculated by adjusting FFO to exclude or include the income and expenses that we believe are not reflective of the sustainability of our ongoing operating performance, as further explained below:

 Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs. Acquisition (including audit fees associated with these acquisitions) and due diligence costs are incurred for investment purposes and, therefore, do not correlate with the ongoing operations of our portfolio. The Company incurred an immaterial amount of acquisition and due diligence costs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. We believe that excluding these costs from AFFO provides useful supplemental information reflective of the realized economic impact of our current acquisition strategy, which is useful in assessing the sustainability of our operating performance. These exclusions also improve the comparability of our results over each reporting period and of the Company with other real estate operators.

 Stock-based compensation and incentive. Stock-based compensation and incentive is a non-cash expense and, therefore, does not correlate with the ongoing operations of our portfolio. We believe that excluding these costs from AFFO improves the comparability of our results over each reporting period and of the Company with other real estate operators.

 Deferred impact of interest rate swap terminations. When an interest rate swap is terminated and the related termination fees are rolled into a new swap, the terminated swap's termination fees are amortized over what would have been the remaining life of the terminated swap, while the related contractual and financial obligations extend over the life of the new swap. We believe that, with this adjustment, AFFO better reflects the actual cash cost of the fixed interest rate we are obligated to pay under the new swap agreement, and results in improved comparability of our results across reporting periods.

 Distributions on Series A preferred units. Dividends on Series A preferred units, which are convertible into Common units on or after February 10, 2026, have a fixed and certain impact on our cash flow, and therefore are excluded from AFFO. We believe this improves the comparability of the Company with other real estate operators.

 Common shares fully diluted. In accordance with GAAP, common shares used to calculate earnings per share are presented on a weighted average basis. Common shares on a fully diluted basis includes shares of common stock, Common units, and unvested shares of restricted stock outstanding at the end of the period on a share equivalent basis, because all shares are participating securities and thus share in the performance of the Company. The conversion of Series A preferred units is excluded from the calculation of common shares fully diluted as they are not participating securities, and therefore do not share in the performance of the Company and their impact on shares outstanding is uncertain.

 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO, AFFO and net income (loss) available to common stockholders per share to AFFO per share, fully diluted, the most directly comparable GAAP equivalents, respectively, for the periods indicated below (unaudited):

 (in thousands except per share amounts)

 2023

 2022

 $

 $

 (36,133)

 (2,641)

 7,499

 6,960

 5,840

 —

 FFO

 $

 8,887

 $

 16,279

 Stock-based compensation and incentive

 2,008

 1,999

 Deferred impact of interest rate swap terminations

 Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs

 Distributions on Preferred units and stock

 (2,970)

 (3,210)

 AFFO

 $

 8,140

 $

 15,761

 AFFO per diluted weighted average share data:

 AFFO weighted average common shares

 51,810

 52,531

 Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 0.55

 $

 0.16

 Income available to redeemable non-controlling interest and non-controlling interest in operating partnership

 0.08

 0.08

 0.14

 0.13

 0.11

 0.00

 Stock-based compensation and incentive

 0.04

 0.04

 (0.70)

 (0.05)

 Distributions on Preferred units and stock

 (0.06)

 (0.06)

 AFFO per diluted weighted average share

 $

 0.16

 $

 0.30

 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of AFFO share information to basic weighted average common shares outstanding, the most directly comparable GAAP equivalent, for the periods indicated below (unaudited):

 2023

 2022

 Basic weighted average shares outstanding

 50,243

 Weighted average OP units on an as-if converted basis

 1,220

 1,292

 Weighted average unvested restricted stock

 AFFO weighted average common shares

 51,810

 52,531

 EBITDAre

 The Company calculates Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization for real estate ("EBITDAre") in accordance with the standards established by NAREIT in its September 2017 White Paper. NAREIT defines EBITDAre as net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) excluding interest expense, income tax, depreciation and amortization, gains or losses on disposition of depreciated property (including gains or losses on change of control), impairment write-downs of depreciated property and of investments in unconsolidated affiliates caused by a decrease in value of depreciated property in the affiliate, and adjustments to reflect the entity's pro rata share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated affiliates. EBITDAre is a key financial measure used to evaluate the Company's operating performance but should not be construed as an alternative to operating income, cash flows from operating activities or net income, in each case as determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company believes that EBITDAre is a useful performance measure commonly reported and will be widely used by analysts and investors in the Company's industry. However, while EBITDAre is a performance measure widely used across the Company's industry, the Company does not believe that it correctly captures the Company's business operating performance because it includes non-cash expenses and recurring adjustments that are necessary to better understand the Company's business operating performance. Therefore, in addition to EBITDAre, management uses Adjusted EBITDAre, a non-GAAP measure.

 We further adjust EBITDAre for certain additional items such as stock-based compensation and incentive, indirect offering costs, real estate acquisition related audit fees and real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs (for a full discussion of these adjustments, see AFFO adjustments discussed above) that we consider necessary to understand our operating performance. We believe that Adjusted EBITDAre provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance that, when considered with net income and EBITDAre, is beneficial to an investor's understanding of our operating performance.

 EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

 EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

 EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

 EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;

 Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not reflect any cash requirements for these replacements; and

 Other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre differently than we do, limiting the usefulness as a comparative measure.

 Because of these limitations, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results of operations and using EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre only as a supplemental measure of our performance.

 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our net income to our EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the periods indicated below (unaudited):

 2023

 2022

 $

 $

 Interest expense

 22,657

 16,143

 Income tax (benefit) expense

 (166)

 7,499

 6,960

 5,840

 —

 (36,133)

 (2,641)

 EBITDAre

 $

 31,378

 $

 32,649

 Stock-based compensation and incentive

 2,008

 1,999

 Real estate related acquisition and due diligence costs

 Adjusted EBITDAre

 $

 33,403

 $

 34,759

 Seasonality

 We recognize rental revenue from fixed-rate farmland leases on a pro rata basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Notwithstanding GAAP accounting requirements to spread rental revenue over the lease term, a significant portion of fixed rent is received in a lump sum before planting season, in the first quarter, and after harvest, in the fourth quarter. We receive a significant portion of our variable rental payments in the fourth calendar quarter of each year, following harvest, with only a portion of such payments being recognized ratably through the year in accordance with GAAP, in relation to crop insurance contracts entered into by our tenants. The highly seasonal nature of the agriculture industry causes seasonality in our business to some extent. Our financial performance should be evaluated on an annual basis, which eliminates impacts of seasonality and other similar factors that may cause our quarterly results to vary during the course of the year.

 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market-sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure will be SOFR. We may use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. On a limited basis, we also use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. We do not use such derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes.

 At December 31, 2023, $80.5 million, or 22.2%, of our debt had variable interest rates, however, as stated in "Note 10—Hedge Accounting" to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has an interest rate swap with Rabobank for $33.2 million, which reduces floating rate exposure to $47.3 million. After adjusting the $33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased from 22.2% to 13.0%. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt spreads, if SOFR increased by 1.0%, our cash flow would decrease by approximately $0.5 million per year, and if SOFR decreased by 1.0%, our cash flow would increase approximately $0.5 million per year.

 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Our consolidated financial statements and supplementary data are included as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page F-1 and are incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 9. Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 None.

 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 We have established disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

 We have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosures and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of the end of the period covered by this report.

 Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Management's Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

 The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, the Company's management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2023.

 Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

 There were no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.

 Item 9B. Other Information

 Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company's securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
 Not applicable.

 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 This information is incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than April 28, 2024.

 Item 11. Executive Compensation

 This information is incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than April 28, 2024.

 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 This information is incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than April 28, 2024.

 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 This information is incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than April 28, 2024.

 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Information about aggregate fees billed to us by our principal accountant, Plante & Moran, PLLC, Denver, Colorado (PCAOB ID No. 166) will be incorporated by reference from the Company's Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than April 28, 2024.

 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 The following is a list of documents filed as a part of this report:

 (1)
 Financial Statements

 Included herein at pages F-1 through F-36.

 (2)
 Financial Statement Schedules

 The following financial statement schedule is included herein at pages F-37 through F-41:

 Schedule III—Combined Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

 All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X are either not required to be included herein under the related instructions, are inapplicable or the related information is included in the footnotes to the applicable financial statement and, therefore, have been omitted.

 (3)
 Exhibits

 The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index on pages 63, 64 and 65 of this report, which is incorporated by reference herein.

 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

 The Company has elected to not include a summary.

 Exhibit Index

 Exhibit No

 Description of Exhibit

 3.1

 Articles of Amendment and Restatement. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, filed on March 24, 2014).

 3.2

 Second Amended and Restated Bylaws. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 14, 2017).

 4.1

 Form of common stock certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, filed on March 11, 2014).

 4.2

 *

 Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act of Farmland Partners, Inc.

 10.1

 Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP, dated April 16, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 16, 2014).

 10.2

 Farmland Partners Inc. Third Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on May 10, 2021).

 10.3

 Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Executive Officers. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 9, 2018).

 10.4

 Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Directors. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, filed on March 11, 2014).

 10.5

 *

 Indemnification Agreement by and between Farmland Partners Inc. and each of its directors and officers listed on Schedule A thereto.

 10.6

 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated December 13, 2018, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and Paul A. Pittman. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 13, 2019).

 10.7

 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated December 13, 2018, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and Luca Fabbri. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 13, 2019).

 10.8

 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated October 9, 2021, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and Luca Fabbri. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2022).

 10.9

 Amendment No.1 to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2016).

 10.10

 Security Holder's Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2016, by and among Forsythe Family Farms, Inc., Gerald R. Forsythe, Forsythe-Fournier Farms, LLC, Forsythe-Fawcett Farms, LLC, Forsythe-Bernadette Farms, LLC, Forsythe Land Company, Forsythe Family Farms, L.P., Forsythe Family Farms II, L.P., and Forsythe-Breslow Farms, LLC and Farmland Partners Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2016).

 10.11

 Amendment No. 1 to the Contribution Agreement, dated February 22, 2016, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP, FPI Illinois I LLC, and FPI Illinois II, LLC and Forsythe Family Farms, Inc., Gerald R. Forsythe, Forsythe-Fournier Farms, LLC, Forsythe-Fawcett Farms, LLC, Forsythe-Bernadette Farms, LLC, Forsythe Land Company, Forsythe Family Farms, L.P., Forsythe Family Farms II, L.P., and Forsythe-Breslow Farms, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2016).

 10.12

 Loan Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2016, between FPI Illinois I LLC, FPI Illinois II LLC, Cottonwood Valley Land LLC, PH Farms LLC and FPI Properties LLC and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2016).

 10.13

 Guaranty, dated as of March 29, 2016, by Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP in favor of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2016).

 10.14

 Employment Agreement, dated as of October 9, 2021, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and James Gilligan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 12, 2021).

 10.15

 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2017, by and between Farmland Partners Inc. and each of the holders named therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2017).

 10.16

 Amendment No. 2 to the Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 16, 2017).

 10.17

 Amendment No. 3 to the Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 12, 2019).

 10.18

 Lease Agreement, dated November 17, 2017, by and between Arnold (CA) LLC and Olam Farming, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 15, 2019).

 10.19

 Master Real Estate Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2021, by and between Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and each of the sellers set forth on Attachment A and Promised Land Opportunity Zone Farms I, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 19, 2021).

 10.20

 Loan Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2020, by and between FPI Carolinas LLC, FPI Colorado LLC, Cottonwood Valley Land LLC, PH Farms LLC, FPI Ironwood LLC and FPI Properties LLC and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 19, 2021).

 10.21

 Amended, Restated and Consolidated Loan Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2022, by and between, Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP, American Farmland Company L.P., and Rutledge Investment Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2022).

 10.22

 Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2022, by and between Farmland Partners Inc. and Rutledge Investment Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2022).

 10.23

 Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2022, by and between Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP and Rutledge Investment Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2022).

 10.24

 Consolidation of Notes and Modification and Extension Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2022, by and between American Farmland Company L.P. and Rutledge Investment Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2022).

 10.25

 Loan Agreement, dated as of October 13, 2022, by and between FPI Illinois I LLC, PH Farms LLC and Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 14, 2022).

 10.26

 Guaranty, dated as of October 13, 2022, by Farmland Partners Inc. in favor of Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 14, 2022).

 10.27

 Guaranty, dated as of October 13, 2022, by Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, L.P. in favor of Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 14, 2022).

 10.28

 Second Amended and Restated Bond Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2022, by and among Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP, Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation and Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2022).

 10.29

 Guaranty Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2022, by and among Farmland Partners Inc. Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation and Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2022).

 10.30

 Letter Agreement, dated December 30, 2022, by and between Farmland Partners Inc., Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP, FPI Agribusiness, Inc. and Murray R. Wise. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 5, 2023).

 21.1

 *

 List of subsidiaries.

 23.1

 *

 Consent of Plante & Moran, PLLC.

 31.1

 *

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 31.2

 *

 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 32.1

 *

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 97.1

 *

 Farmland Partners Inc. Compensation Recoupment Policy.

 *

 *

 * Filed herewith

 Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 FARMLAND PARTNERS INC.

 Date: February 29, 2024

 /s/ LUCA FABBRI

 Luca Fabbri

 President and Chief Executive Officer

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 Signature

 Title

 Date

 /s/ Luca Fabbri

 President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

 Luca Fabbri

 /s/ James Gilligan

 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

 James Gilligan

 /s/ Paul A. Pittman

 Executive Chairman

 Paul A. Pittman

 /s/ Chris A. Downey

 Chris A. Downey

 /s/ Joseph W. Glauber

 Joseph W. Glauber

 /s/ John A. Good

 John A. Good

 /s/ Jennifer S. Grafton

 Jennifer S. Grafton

 /s/ Danny D. Moore

 Danny D. Moore

 FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED

 Page

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements.

 Consolidated Financial Statements

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2023

 Note: All other schedules have been omitted because the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Farmland Partners Inc.
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Farmland Partners Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matter
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
 Goodwill and Tradename – Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements
 Critical Audit Matter Description
 As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill and tradename are indefinite lived assets tested at least annually for impairment. Goodwill and tradename have balances of $2.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. For goodwill, management compares the estimated fair value of

 the reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value of the reporting unit is calculated using the expected present value of future cash flows method and includes significant assumptions such as future cash flows, discount rates and future capital requirements. Management evaluates the acquired tradename for impairment by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. The fair value of the tradename is determined using the expected present value of future cash flows method and includes significant assumptions such as future cash flows, discount rates and royalty rate. We identified the evaluation of goodwill and tradename for impairment as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions used by management in determining their fair value which required a high degree of auditor judgment and the need to involve our fair value specialists in our audit procedures to evaluate these significant estimates and assumptions.
 How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit
 Addressing these matters involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others,

 Obtaining an understanding of accounting and control procedures over management's process for estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of the indefinite-lived tradename.

 Evaluating management's process for developing the fair value of the reporting unit and tradename, including the appropriateness of the valuation methodology, testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the calculation, and testing the reasonableness of significant assumptions, including the discount rate and expected future net cash flows.

 Evaluating the reasonableness of the expected future net cash flows involved considering whether assumptions for future cash flows and margins were reasonable and consistent with the current performance of the reporting unit, with operating trends, the original third-party valuation, and internal accounting records.

 Using professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions, including the discount rate and, for the tradename, the royalty rate, by comparing them against discount rate and royalty rate ranges that were independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable companies, performing independent calculations of the weighted-average cost of capital and performing sensitivity analyses of these significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting unit that would result from changes in these assumptions.

 Evaluating the Company's disclosures related to the goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles accounting policy.

 /s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.
 Denver, Colorado

 Consolidated Balance Sheets
 (in thousands, except par value and share data)

 2023

 2022

 ASSETS

 Land, at cost

 $

 869,848

 $

 980,521

 Grain facilities

 12,222

 11,349

 Groundwater

 11,472

 17,682

 Irrigation improvements

 41,988

 50,097

 Drainage improvements

 10,315

 12,543

 Permanent plantings

 39,620

 50,394

 Other

 4,696

 6,967

 Construction in progress

 4,453

 14,810

 Real estate, at cost

 994,614

 1,144,363

 Less accumulated depreciation

 ( 33,083)

 ( 38,447)

 Total real estate, net

 961,531

 1,105,916

 Deposits

 Cash and cash equivalents

 5,489

 7,654

 Assets held for sale

 Loans and financing receivables, net

 31,020

 21,921

 Right of use asset

 Deferred offering costs

 —

 Accounts receivable, net

 7,743

 7,055

 Derivative asset

 1,707

 2,084

 Inventory

 2,335

 2,808

 Equity method investments

 4,136

 4,185

 Intangible assets, net

 2,035

 2,055

 Goodwill

 2,706

 2,706

 Prepaid and other assets

 2,447

 3,196

 TOTAL ASSETS

 $

 1,022,002

 $

 1,160,149

 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

 LIABILITIES

 Mortgage notes and bonds payable, net

 $

 360,859

 $

 436,875

 Lease liability

 Dividends payable

 13,286

 3,333

 Accrued interest

 4,747

 4,135

 Accrued property taxes

 1,898

 2,008

 Deferred revenue

 2,149

 Accrued expenses

 7,854

 9,215

 Total liabilities

 391,192

 455,935

 Commitments and contingencies (See Note 8)

 Redeemable non-controlling interest in operating partnership, Series A preferred units

 101,970

 110,210

 EQUITY

 Common stock, $ 0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 48,002,716 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023, and 54,318,312 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022

 Additional paid in capital

 577,253

 647,346

 Retained earnings

 31,411

 3,567

 Cumulative dividends

 ( 95,939)

 ( 73,964)

 Other comprehensive income

 2,691

 3,306

 Non-controlling interests in operating partnership

 12,958

 13,218

 Total equity

 528,840

 594,004

 TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS IN OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND EQUITY

 $

 1,022,002

 $

 1,160,149

 Consolidated Statements of Operations
 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 For the Years Ended

 2023

 2022

 OPERATING REVENUES:

 Rental income

 $

 49,185

 $

 48,879

 Crop sales

 2,257

 5,372

 Other revenue

 6,024

 6,959

 Total operating revenues

 57,466

 61,210

 OPERATING EXPENSES

 7,499

 6,960

 Property operating expenses

 8,660

 8,190

 Cost of goods sold

 4,754

 5,966

 Acquisition and due diligence costs

 General and administrative expenses

 11,274

 12,005

 Legal and accounting

 1,279

 2,874

 5,840

 —

 Other operating expenses

 Total operating expenses

 39,467

 36,236

 OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE:

 Other (income)

 ( 39)

 ( 663)

 (Income) from equity method investment

 ( 1)

 ( 52)

 ( 36,133)

 ( 2,641)

 Interest expense

 22,657

 16,143

 Total other expense

 ( 13,516)

 12,787

 Net income before income tax (benefit) expense

 31,515

 12,187

 Income tax (benefit) expense

 ( 166)

 NET INCOME

 Net (income) attributable to non-controlling interests in operating partnership

 ( 768)

 ( 286)

 Net income attributable to the Company

 30,913

 11,674

 Nonforfeitable distributions allocated to unvested restricted shares

 ( 157)

 ( 63)

 Distributions on Series A Preferred Units

 ( 2,970)

 ( 3,210)

 Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 27,786

 $

 8,401

 Basic and diluted per common share data:

 Basic net income available to common stockholders

 $

 0.55

 $

 0.16

 Diluted net income available to common stockholders

 $

 0.53

 $

 0.16

 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

 50,243

 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

 58,292

 Dividends declared per common share

 $

 0.24

 $

 0.23

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 For the Years Ended

 2023

 2022

 $

 $

 Amortization of other comprehensive income

 Net change associated with current period hedging activities

 ( 813)

 2,433

 Comprehensive income

 31,066

 14,987

 Comprehensive (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

 ( 768)

 ( 286)

 Net income attributable to Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 30,298

 $

 14,701

 Consolidated Statements of Equity

 Stockholders' Equity

 Non-controlling

 Common Stock

 Other

 Interests in

 Paid in

 Retained

 Cumulative

 Comprehensive

 Operating

 Total

 Shares

 Par Value

 Capital

 Earnings (Deficit)

 Dividends

 Income

 Partnership

 Equity

 Balance at December 31, 2021

 45,474

 $

 $

 524,183

 $

 ( 4,739)

 $

 ( 61,853)

 $

 $

 13,762

 $

 472,076

 —

 —

 —

 11,674

 —

 —

 Issuance of stock

 8,599

 121,289

 —

 —

 —

 —

 121,375

 Grant of unvested restricted stock

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Forfeiture of unvested restricted stock

 ( 10)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation

 ( 15)

 —

 ( 186)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 186)

 Stock-based compensation

 —

 —

 1,523

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1,523

 Dividends accrued and paid

 —

 —

 —

 ( 3,368)

 ( 12,111)

 —

 ( 292)

 ( 15,771)

 Conversion of common units to shares of common stock

 1,319

 —

 —

 —

 ( 1,320)

 —

 Net change associated with current period hedging transactions and amortization of other comprehensive income

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 3,027

 —

 3,027

 Adjustments to non-controlling interests resulting from changes in ownership of operating partnership

 —

 —

 ( 782)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 54,318

 $

 $

 647,346

 $

 3,567

 $

 ( 73,964)

 $

 3,306

 $

 13,218

 $

 594,004

 —

 —

 —

 30,913

 —

 —

 Issuance of stock

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Grant of unvested restricted stock

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Forfeiture of unvested restricted stock

 ( 1)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation

 ( 4)

 —

 ( 43)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 43)

 Stock-based compensation

 —

 —

 1,853

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1,853

 Dividends accrued and paid

 —

 —

 —

 ( 3,069)

 ( 21,975)

 —

 ( 546)

 ( 25,590)

 Net change associated with current period hedging transactions and amortization of other comprehensive (loss)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 615)

 —

 ( 615)

 Repurchase and cancellation of shares

 ( 6,550)

 ( 65)

 ( 72,107)

 —

 —

 —

 ( 433)

 ( 72,605)

 Adjustments to non-controlling interests resulting from changes in ownership of operating partnership

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 49)

 —

 Balance at December 31, 2023

 48,003

 $

 $

 577,253

 $

 31,411

 $

 ( 95,939)

 $

 2,691

 $

 12,958

 $

 528,840

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 For the Years Ended

 2023

 2022

 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 $

 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities:

 7,499

 6,960

 Amortization of deferred financing fees and discounts/premiums on debt

 Amortization of net origination fees related to notes receivable

 ( 19)

 ( 37)

 Stock-based compensation

 1,853

 1,523

 Stock-based incentive

 —

 ( 36,133)

 ( 2,641)

 (Income) from equity method investment

 ( 1)

 ( 52)

 Bad debt expense

 Current and expected credit losses

 5,840

 —

 Amortization of dedesignated interest rate swap

 Loss on early extinguishment of debt

 —

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 (Increase) Decrease in accounts receivable

 ( 2,335)

 (Increase) Decrease in interest receivable

 ( 63)

 ( 119)

 (Increase) Decrease in other assets

 ( 139)

 (Increase) Decrease in inventory

 Increase (Decrease) in accrued interest

 1,383

 Increase (Decrease) in accrued expenses

 ( 1,509)

 ( 1,533)

 Increase (Decrease) in deferred revenue

 Increase (Decrease) in accrued property taxes

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities

 12,887

 17,051

 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

 Real estate acquisitions

 ( 22,157)

 ( 54,436)

 Real estate and other improvements

 ( 5,826)

 ( 4,246)

 Acquisition of non-real estate assets

 —

 ( 75)

 Investment in equity method investees

 —

 ( 705)

 Distributions from equity method investees

 —

 Collections of principal on loans

 2,707

 2,786

 Origination fees on notes receivable

 —

 Issuance of loans and financing receivables

 ( 11,800)

 ( 20,781)

 Proceeds from sale of property

 195,487

 16,999

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities

 158,461

 ( 60,398)

 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 Borrowings from mortgage notes payable

 79,501

 223,000

 Repayments on mortgage notes payable

 ( 155,894)

 ( 296,941)

 Proceeds from ATM offering

 —

 121,315

 Issuance of stock

 Common stock repurchased

 ( 72,173)

 —

 Payment of debt issuance costs

 ( 312)

 ( 1,047)

 Payment of swap fees

 ( 437)

 ( 291)

 Redemption of Series A preferred units

 ( 8,100)

 ( 10,158)

 Redemption of common units

 ( 432)

 —

 Dividends on common stock

 ( 12,273)

 ( 11,126)

 Shares withheld for income taxes on vesting of equity-based compensation

 ( 43)

 ( 186)

 Distributions on Series A preferred units

 ( 3,210)

 ( 3,510)

 Distributions to non-controlling interests in operating partnership, common

 ( 295)

 ( 285)

 Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities

 ( 173,513)

 20,830

 Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 ( 2,165)

 ( 22,517)

 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

 7,654

 30,171

 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

 $

 5,489

 $

 7,654

 Cash paid during period for interest

 $

 22,450

 $

 —

 Cash paid during period for taxes

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

 For the Years Ended

 2023

 2022

 SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:

 Dividend payable, common stock

 $

 12,961

 $

 3,259

 Dividend payable, common units

 $

 $

 Distributions payable, Series A preferred units

 $

 2,970

 $

 3,210

 Deferred net gain from seller-financed dispositions

 $

 2,107

 $

 —

 Additions to real estate improvements included in accrued expenses

 $

 $

 Swap fees payable included in accrued interest

 $

 $

 Prepaid property tax liability acquired in acquisitions

 $

 $

 Deferred offering costs amortized through equity in the period

 $

 —

 $

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

 $

 $

 Non-cash conversion of notes receivable to real estate

 $

 —

 $

 2,135

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

 Organization

 Farmland Partners Inc. ("FPI"), collectively with its subsidiaries, is an internally managed real estate company that owns and seeks to acquire high-quality farmland located in agricultural markets throughout North America. FPI was incorporated in Maryland on September 27, 2013. FPI elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with its short taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

 FPI is the sole member of the sole general partner of Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP (the "Operating Partnership"), which was formed in Delaware on September 27, 2013. All of FPI's assets are held by, and its operations are primarily conducted through, the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2023, FPI owned a 97.6 % interest in the Operating Partnership. See "Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests" for additional discussion regarding Class A Common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Common units") and Series A preferred units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Series A preferred units"). Unlike holders of FPI's common stock, par value $ 0.01 per share ("common stock"), holders of the Operating Partnership's Common units and Series A preferred units generally do not have voting rights or the power to direct the affairs of FPI. As of December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership owned a 9.97 % equity interest in an unconsolidated equity method investment that holds 12 properties (see "Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies—Equity Method Investments" and "Note 4—Related Party Transactions").

 References to the "Company," "we," "us," or "our" mean collectively FPI and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership.

 As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned a portfolio of approximately 132,800 acres of farmland, which is consolidated in these financial statements. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we owned land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag-Pro Ohio, LLC ("Ag Pro") under the John Deere brand and served as property manager for approximately 38,300 acres of farmland (see "Note 6—Loans and Financing Receivables").

 On March 16, 2015, the Company formed FPI Agribusiness Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary (the "TRS" or "FPI Agribusiness"), as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We engage directly in farming, provide property management, auction, and brokerage services and volume purchasing services to our tenants through the TRS. As of December 31, 2023, the TRS performed direct farming operations on 2,103 acres of farmland owned by the Company located in California.

 All references to numbers and percent of acres within this report are unaudited.

 Principles of Combination and Consolidation

 The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the accounts of FPI and the Operating Partnership. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in the current year. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or total equity.

 Use of Estimates

 The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates for a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, the impacts of public health crises, the war in Ukraine, substantially higher prices for oil and gas and substantially increased interest rates, and their effects on the domestic and global economies. We are unable to quantify the ultimate impact of these factors on our business.

 Real Estate Acquisitions

 When the Company acquires farmland where substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or a group of similar identifiable assets, it is not considered a business. As such, the Company accounts for these types of acquisitions as asset acquisitions. When substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or a group of similar assets, and contains acquired inputs and processes which have the ability to contribute to the creation of outputs, these acquisitions are accounted for as business combinations.

 The Company considers single identifiable assets as tangible assets that are attached to and cannot be physically removed and used separately from another tangible asset without incurring significant cost or significant diminution in utility or fair value. The Company considers similar assets as assets that have a similar nature and risk characteristics.

 Whether the Company's acquisitions are treated as asset acquisitions under ASC 360 or business combinations under ASC 805, the fair value of the aggregate purchase price paid in each such acquisition is allocated among the assets acquired and any liabilities assumed by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The "as-if-vacant" value is allocated to land, buildings, improvements, permanent plantings and any liabilities, based on management's determination of the relative fair values of such assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition.

 Upon acquisition of real estate, the Company allocates the purchase price of the real estate based upon the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired, which historically have consisted of land, drainage improvements, irrigation improvements, groundwater, permanent plantings (trees, bushes, shrubs, vines and perennial crops) and grain facilities, and may also consist of intangible assets, including in-place leases, above market and below market leases, and tenant relationships. The Company allocates the purchase price to the fair value of the tangible assets by valuing the land as if it were unimproved. The Company values improvements, including permanent plantings and grain facilities, at replacement cost, adjusted for depreciation.

 Management's estimates of land value are determined based upon various sources including third-party appraisals, our own analysis of recently acquired or developed properties and existing comparable properties in our portfolio, and other market data. Factors considered by management in its analysis of land value include soil types, water availability and the sale prices of comparable farms. Management's estimates of groundwater value are made using historical information obtained regarding the applicable aquifer. Factors considered by management in its analysis of groundwater value are related to the location of the aquifer and whether or not the aquifer is a depletable resource or a replenishing resource. If the aquifer is a replenishing resource, no value is allocated to the groundwater. The Company includes an estimate of property taxes in the purchase price allocation of acquisitions to account for the expected liability that was assumed.

 When above or below market leases are acquired, the Company values the intangible assets based on the present value of the difference between prevailing market rates and the in-place rates measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above market leases, and the initial term plus the term of any below market fixed rate renewal options for below market leases that are considered bargain renewal options. The above market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining term of the respective leases. The fair value of acquired below market leases, included in deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, is amortized as an increase to rental income on a straight-line basis over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases, plus the terms of any below market fixed rate renewal options that are considered bargain renewal options of the respective leases.

 The purchase price is allocated to in-place lease values and tenant relationships, if they are acquired, based on the Company's evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant's lease, availability of replacement tenants, probability of lease renewal, estimated down time and the Company's overall relationship with the tenant. The value of in-place lease intangibles and tenant relationships are included as an intangible asset and have been amortized over the remaining lease term (including expected renewal periods of the respective leases for tenant relationships) as amortization expense. If a tenant terminates its lease prior to its stated expiration, any unamortized amounts relating to that lease, including above and below market leases, in-place lease values, and tenant relationships, would be recorded to revenue or expense as appropriate.

 The Company capitalizes acquisition costs and due diligence costs if the asset is expected to qualify as an asset acquisition. If the asset acquisition is abandoned, the capitalized asset acquisition costs are expensed to acquisition and due diligence costs in the period of abandonment. Costs associated with a business combination are expensed to acquisition and due diligence costs as incurred. During

 the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred an immaterial amount of costs related to acquisition and due diligence.

 Total consideration for acquisitions may include a combination of cash and equity securities. When equity securities are issued, the Company determines the fair value of the equity securities issued based on the number of shares or units issued multiplied by the price per share or unit.

 Using information available at the time of a business combination, the Company allocates the total consideration to tangible assets and liabilities and identified intangible assets and liabilities. Any residual amount remaining after such allocations is allocated to goodwill. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date when incomplete information exists as of the respective reporting date, the Company may adjust the preliminary purchase price allocations after obtaining more information about assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.

 Real Estate Sales

 The Company recognizes gains (losses) from the sales of real estate assets generally at the time the title is transferred and consideration is received.

 Liquidity Policy

 The Company manages its liquidity position and expected liquidity needs taking into consideration current cash balances, undrawn availability under its lines of credit ($ 201.1 million as of December 31, 2023), and reasonably expected cash receipts. The business model of the Company, and of real estate investment companies in general, utilizes debt as a structural source of financing. When debt becomes due, it is generally refinanced rather than repaid using the Company's cash flow from operations. The Company has a history of being able to refinance its debt obligations prior to maturity. Furthermore, the Company also has a substantial portfolio of real estate assets that management believes could be readily liquidated if necessary to fund any immediate liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2023, we had $ 360.9 million of mortgage and other debt against a portfolio of real estate assets with a net book value of $ 961.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, we had capacity to issue up to $ 50.5 million of our common stock under our At-the-Market Equity Offering Program (the "ATM Program"). We also have an effective shelf registration statement with approximately $ 100 million of capacity, in addition to availability under the ATM Program, pursuant to which we could issue additional equity or debt securities. For more information on the ATM Program please see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources."

 Real Estate

 The Company's real estate consists of land, groundwater and improvements made to the land consisting of permanent plantings, grain facilities, irrigation improvements, drainage improvements and other improvements. The Company records real estate at cost and capitalizes improvements and replacements when they extend the useful life or improve the efficiency of the asset. Construction in progress includes the costs to build new grain storage facilities and install new pivots, drainage and wells on newly acquired farms. The Company begins depreciating assets when the asset is ready for its intended use.

 The Company expenses costs of repairs and maintenance at the time such costs are incurred. The Company computes depreciation and depletion for assets classified as improvements using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

 Years

 Grain facilities

 -

 Irrigation improvements

 -

 Drainage improvements

 -

 Groundwater

 -

 Permanent plantings

 -

 Other

 -

 The Company periodically evaluates the estimated useful lives for groundwater based on current state water regulations and depletion levels of the aquifers.

 When a sale occurs, the Company recognizes the associated gain or loss when all consideration has been transferred, the sale has closed and there is no material continuing involvement. If a sale is expected to generate a loss, the Company first assesses it through the impairment evaluation process—see ''Impairment of Real Estate Assets'' below.

 Impairment of Real Estate Assets

 The Company evaluates its tangible and identifiable intangible real estate assets for impairment indicators whenever events such as declines in a property's operating performance, deteriorating market conditions or environmental or legal concerns bring recoverability of the carrying value of one or more assets into question. If such events are present, the Company projects the total undiscounted cash flows of the asset, including proceeds from disposition, and compares them to the net book value of the asset. If this evaluation indicates that the carrying value may not be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded in earnings equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset. There was $ 5.8 million and $ 0.0 million of impairment recognized on real estate assets in the accompanying financial statements during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents

 The Company's cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was held in the custody of five financial institutions for both periods and the Company's balance at any given financial institution may at times exceed federally insurable limits. We consider highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, such as money market funds, to be cash equivalents. The Company monitors balances with individual financial institutions to mitigate risks relating to balances exceeding such limits.

 Debt Issuance Costs

 Costs incurred by the Company in obtaining debt are deducted from the face amount of mortgage notes and bonds payable, net except for those costs relating to the Company's lines of credit which are recognized as an asset within deferred financing fees, net. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $ 0.3 million in connection with collateral substitution and documentation on its Metlife and Farmer Mac debt. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $ 1.0 million in connection with the refinancing of the Rutledge debt and the establishment of the Metlife Facility and the Farmer Mac Facility (each as defined in "Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable"). Debt issuance costs are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the terms of the related indebtedness. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of mortgage notes payable are written off in the period in which repayment occurs. Fully amortized deferred financing fees are removed from the books upon maturity or repayment of the underlying debt. The Company recorded amortization expense of $ 0.7 million and $ 0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing fees was $ 1.9 million and $ 1.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For more information on the Company's debt, see "Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable".

 Loans and Financing Receivables

 Loans and financing receivables are stated at their unpaid principal balance and include unamortized direct origination costs, prepaid interest and accrued interest through the reporting date, less any allowance for losses and unearned borrower paid points. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has two types of loans and financing receivables: loans under the Company's loan program (the "FPI Loan Program") and sale-leaseback transactions accounted for as financing receivables.

 Loans under the FPI Loan Program: The Company offers an agricultural lending product focused on farmers as a complement to the Company's business of acquiring and owning farmland and leasing it to farmers. Under the FPI Loan Program, the Company makes loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had six and three notes outstanding, respectively, under the FPI Loan Program and has designated each of the notes receivable as loans.

 Sale-leaseback Transactions Accounted for as Financing Arrangements: In November 2022, the Company purchased land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand. In accordance with ASC 842, for transactions in which the Company enters into a contract to acquire an asset and lease it back to the seller, the Company is required to separately assess the lease classification apart from the other assets. The Company determined that the land and building components of the lease agreement with Ag Pro meet the definition of a sales-type lease and therefore, control is not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP. As a result, the Company does not recognize the underlying asset but instead recognizes a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 "Receivables." Accordingly, the transactions with Ag Pro are accounted for as financing receivables and are included in loans and financing receivables, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of allowance for credit losses, in accordance with ASC 310.

 Current expected credit losses ("CECL"): Under ASC 326, the Company is required to estimate an expected lifetime credit loss. For loans under the FPI Loan Program, a loan is placed on non-accrual status when management determines, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the loan is impaired or collection of interest is doubtful. The accrual of interest on the instrument ceases when there is concern that principal or interest due according to the note agreement will not be collected. Any payment received on such non-accrual loans are recorded as interest income when the payment is received. The loan is reclassified as accrual-basis once interest and principal payments become current. The Company periodically reviews the value of the underlying collateral of farm real estate for the loan receivable and evaluates whether the value of the collateral continues to provide adequate security for the loan. Any uncollectible interest previously accrued is also charged off. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we believed the value of the underlying collateral for each of the loans to be sufficient and in excess of the respective outstanding principal and accrued interest and no loans are currently on non-accrual status.

 The Company monitors its loans and financing receivables using a CECL methodology which is based upon historical collection experience, collateral values, current trends, long-term probability of default ("PD") and estimated loss given default ("LGD"). This approach calculates impairment by multiplying the PD (probability the asset will default within a given timeframe) by the LGD (percentage of the asset not expected to be collected due to default). The PD and LGD are estimated using average historical default rates of a company with similar credit risk factors to the Company's tenant where practical. Accrued interest write-offs are recognized as credit loss expense. The CECL allowance is recorded as a reduction to loans and financing receivables, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The CECL allowance is updated on a quarterly basis with the resulting change being recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the relevant period. Charge-offs are deducted from the allowance in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. Recoveries previously written off are recorded when received.

 Deferred Offering Costs

 Deferred offering costs include incremental direct costs related to regulatory, legal, accounting and professional service costs incurred by the Company in connection with proposed or actual offerings of securities. At the completion of a securities offering, the deferred offering costs are charged ratably as a reduction of the gross proceeds of equity as stock is issued. If an offering is abandoned, the previously deferred offering costs will be charged to operations in the period in which the offering is abandoned. The Company incurred $ 0.0 million and $ 0.1 million in offering costs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $ 0.00 million and $ 0.06 million, respectively, in deferred offering costs associated with proposed or completed offerings of securities, net of amortization, remaining on the balance sheet.

 Assets Held for Sale

 The Company determines whether certain assets meet the criteria of assets held for sale in accordance with ASC Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment." These assets are measured at the lower of (i) the carrying value and (ii) the fair value of the assets, less costs to sell. The Company determines fair value based on the three-level valuation hierarchy for fair value measurement. Effective with the designation of the assets as held for sale, the Company suspends recording depreciation of the assets, resulting in a decrease in depreciation during the period. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had less than $ 0.1 million classified as held for sale within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

 Accounts Receivable

 Accounts receivable are presented at face value, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts, reducing the receivables balance to an amount that it estimates is collectible from our customers. Estimates used in

 determining the allowance for doubtful accounts are based on historical collection experience, current trends, aging of accounts receivable and periodic credit evaluations of the Company's customers' financial condition. The Company creates an allowance for accounts receivable when it becomes apparent, based upon age or customer circumstances, that an amount may not be collectible, such that all current expected losses are sufficiently reserved for at each reporting period. The Company considered its current expectations of future economic conditions when estimating its allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts was less than $ 0.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a reduction to rental revenue if in relation to revenues recognized in the year, or as property operating expenses if in relation to revenue recognized in the prior years.

 Inventory

 Inventory consists of costs related to crops grown on farms directly operated by the TRS and is separated into growing crop inventory, harvested crop inventory or general inventory, as appropriate. Inventory is stated in the consolidated balance sheets at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 Growing crop inventory consists of costs allocated to crops that have not yet been harvested, primarily costs related to land preparation, cultivation, irrigation and fertilization. Growing crop inventory is charged to cost of products sold when the related crop is harvested and sold. The cost of harvested crops sold was $ 4.8 million and $ 6.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Harvested crop inventory consists of costs accumulated both during the growing and harvesting phases and allocated to harvested crops. Harvested crop inventory is stated at the lower of accumulated costs or estimated net realizable value, which is the market price of the harvested crops, based upon the nearest market in the geographic region, less any cost of disposition. Cost of disposition includes broker's commissions, freight and other marketing costs.

 General inventory, such as fertilizer, seeds and pesticides, is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, inventory consisted of the following:

 Harvested crop

 $

 $

 —

 Growing crop

 2,089

 2,808

 $

 2,335

 $

 2,808

 Equity Method Investments

 On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into property sale and long-term management agreements with Promised Land Opportunity Zone Farms I, LLC (the "OZ Fund"), a private investment fund focused on acquiring and improving farmland in qualified opportunity zones in the United States, as designated under U.S. tax provisions enacted in 2017. As consideration for 10 farms sold to the OZ Fund in March 2021, the Company received approximately $ 2.4 million in convertible notes receivable, which, in addition to the accrued interest thereon, was converted into membership interests in the OZ Fund at the Company's election in July 2021. The OZ Fund will exist until an event of dissolution occurs, as defined in the limited liability company agreement of the OZ Fund (the "Fund Agreement"). Under the Fund Agreement, the manager of the OZ Fund may call for additional capital contributions from its members to fund expenses, property acquisitions and capital improvements in accordance with each members' funding ratio. The Company's capital contributions are capped at $ 4.3 million.

 Under the Fund Agreement, any available cash, after the allowance for the payment of all obligations, operating expenses and capital improvements, is distributed to the members at least annually. For each fiscal year, net income or loss is allocated to the members pro rata in accordance with their percentage interest. See "Note 4—Related Party Transactions" for more information on the OZ Fund.

 Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in the acquisition of a business. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and when events or changes in

 circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill has been reduced below its carrying value. The impairment test requires allocating goodwill and other assets and liabilities to reporting units. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The fair value is calculated using the expected present value of future cash flows method. Significant assumptions used in the cash flow forecasts include future cash flows, discount rates and future capital requirements. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, including goodwill, the excess of the book value over the fair value of goodwill is charged to net income as an impairment expense. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur any impairment charges related to goodwill.

 Amortization of intangible assets with definite lives is calculated using the straight-line method, which is reflective of the benefit pattern in which the estimated economic benefit is expected to be received over the estimated useful life of the intangible asset. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows related to the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on the fair value of the asset. Trade names and trademarks have an indefinite life and, therefore, are not subject to amortization, but rather are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value is below its carrying value. Customer relationships are subject to amortization and are amortized over a period of 10 to 12 years. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization of customer relationships of less than $ 0.1 million for each period.

 Income Taxes

 As a REIT, the Company is permitted to deduct dividends, for income tax purposes, paid to its stockholders, thereby eliminating the U.S. federal taxation of income represented by such distributions at the Company level, provided certain requirements are met. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including, for periods prior to 2021, any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. The Company recorded income tax (benefit) expense totaling $( 0.2) million and $ 0.2 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 The Operating Partnership leases certain of its farms to the TRS, which is subject to federal and state income taxes. The TRS accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax basis and for operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards based on enacted income tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not they will be realized on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies. There was $( 2.5) million and $ 4.0 million in taxable income (loss) from the TRS for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 The Company performs an annual review for any uncertain tax positions and, if necessary, will record future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. An uncertain tax position is defined as a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return that is not based on clear and unambiguous tax law and which when examined by taxing authorities is more-likely-than-not to be sustained on review and which is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for interim or annual periods. At December 31, 2023, the Company did not identify any uncertain tax positions. The Company did not identify any uncertain tax positions related to the 2022 open tax year.

 When the Company acquires a property in a business combination, the Company evaluates such acquisition for any related deferred tax assets or liabilities and determines if a deferred tax asset or liability should be recorded in conjunction with the purchase price allocation. If a built-in gain is acquired, the Company evaluates the required holding period (generally 5 years) and determines if it has the ability and intent to hold the underlying assets for the necessary holding period. If the Company has the ability to hold the underlying assets for the required holding period, no deferred tax liability is recorded with respect to the built-in gain. The Company determined that no deferred tax asset or liability should be recorded as a result of any acquisitions that it undertook during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Fair Value

 The Company is required to disclose fair value as further explained in "Note 6—Notes Receivable", "Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable" and "Note 10—Hedge Accounting". FASB ASC 820-10 establishes a three-level hierarchy for the disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

 Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable or can be substantially corroborated for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

 Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable, supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value measurement.

 Hedge Accounting

 ASC 815 requires the Company to recognize all of its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations during the reporting period.

 The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, by managing the amount, sources, duration and interest rate exposure of its funding. The Company may also use interest rate derivative financial instruments, namely interest rate swaps.

 The Company may enter into marketing contracts to sell commodities. Derivatives and hedge accounting guidance requires a company to evaluate these contracts to determine whether the contracts are derivatives. Certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative may be exempt from derivative accounting if designated as normal purchase or normal sales. The Company evaluates all contracts at inception to determine if they are derivatives and if they meet the normal purchase and normal sale designation requirements.

 The Company has in place one interest rate swap agreement with Rabobank to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. This agreement qualifies as a cash flow hedge and is actively evaluated for ongoing effectiveness (see "Note 10—Hedge Accounting"). The entire change in the fair value of the Company's designated cash flow hedges is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders' equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

 Additionally, the Company assesses whether the derivative used in its hedging transaction is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it is determined that a derivative has ceased to be or is not expected to be highly effective as a hedge, and then reflects changes in fair value of the derivative as gain or loss, as applicable, in the consolidated statements of operations during reporting periods after such determination.

 Segment Reporting

 The Company's chief operating decision maker does not evaluate performance on a farm-specific or transactional basis and does not distinguish the Company's principal business or group its operations on a geographical basis for purposes of measuring performance. Accordingly, the Company believes it has a single operating segment for reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.

 Earnings Per Share

 Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the weighted average number of unvested restricted shares ("participating securities" as defined in "Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and non-controlling Interests"). Diluted earnings per share is

 calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus other potentially dilutive securities such as stock grants or shares that would be issued in the event that Common units are redeemed for shares of common stock of the Company. No adjustment is made for shares that are anti-dilutive during a period.

 Non-controlling Interests

 The Company's non-controlling interests are interests in the Operating Partnership not owned by FPI. The Company evaluates whether non-controlling interests are subject to redemption features outside of its control. The Company classifies non-controlling interests that are contingently redeemable solely for cash (unless stockholder approval is obtained to redeem for shares of common stock) one year after issuance or deemed probable to eventually become redeemable and which have redemption features outside of its control, as redeemable non-controlling interests in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets. The amounts reported for non-controlling interests on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations represent the portion of income or losses not attributable to the Company.

 Stock Based Compensation

 From time to time, the Company may award non-vested shares under the Company's Third Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") as compensation to officers, employees, non-employee directors and non-employee consultants (see "Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests"). The shares issued to officers, employees, and non-employee directors vest over a period of time as determined by the Board of Directors at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for non-vested shares granted to officers, employees and directors on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based upon the fair value of the shares on the date of grant, as adjusted for forfeitures. The Company recognizes expense related to non-vested shares granted to non-employee consultants over the period that services are received.

 Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

 In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), that provided practical expedients to address existing guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting due to the expected market transition from the London Inter-bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates (together, "IBORs") to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority announced it intended to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. We refer to this transition as "reference rate reform."

 The first practical expedient allows companies to elect to not apply certain modification accounting requirements to debt, derivative and lease contracts affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These criteria include the following: (i) the contract referenced an IBOR rate that is expected to be discontinued; (ii) the modified terms directly replace or have the potential to replace the IBOR rate that is expected to be discontinued; and (iii) any contemporaneous changes to other terms that change or have the potential to change the amount and timing of contractual cash flows must be related to the replacement of the IBOR rate. If the contract meets all three criteria, there is no requirement for remeasurement of the contract at the modification date or reassessment of the previous hedging relationship accounting determination.

 The second practical expedient allows companies to change the reference rate and other critical terms related to the reference rate reform in derivative hedge documentation without having to de-designate the hedging relationship. This allows for companies to continue applying hedge accounting to existing cash flow and net investment hedges.

 In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848. The objective of the guidance in Topic 848 is to provide relief during the temporary transition period, so the FASB included a sunset provision within Topic 848 based on expectations of when the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) would cease being published. In 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) delayed the intended cessation date of certain tenors of USD LIBOR to June 30, 2023. To ensure the relief in Topic 848 covers the period of time during which a significant number of modifications may take place, the ASU defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848.

 The Company will continue to evaluate its debt, derivative and lease contracts that are eligible for modification relief and expects to apply those elections as needed.

 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. Among other things, these amendments require that public business entities on an annual basis (i) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, and (ii) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). The amendments require that all entities disclose on an annual basis (i) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, (ii) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received), (iii) income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and (iv) income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.

 Note 2—Revenue Recognition

 Fixed Rent: The majority of the Company's leases provide for rent payments on an entirely or partially fixed basis. For the majority of its fixed farm rent leases, the Company receives at least 50 % of the annual lease payment from tenants before crops are planted, generally during the first quarter of the year, with the remaining 50 % of the lease payment due in the second half of the year generally after the crops are harvested. Rental income is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of the Company's leases provide for tenants to reimburse the Company for property taxes and other expenses. These tenant reimbursements and rent payments are treated as a single lease component because the timing and pattern of revenue recognition is the same. This means that rental income is equal in all periods of the lease, calculated by adding all expected lease payments (including increases within the lease) and dividing by the number of periods, despite the cash rents being received in lump sums at the specific times as described above. The lease term generally considers periods when a tenant: (1) may not terminate its lease obligation early; (2) may terminate its lease obligation early in exchange for a fee or penalty that the Company considers material enough such that termination would not be probable; (3) possesses renewal rights and the tenant's failure to exercise such rights imposes a penalty on the tenant material enough such that renewal appears reasonably assured; or (4) possesses bargain renewal options for such periods. Payments received in advance are included in deferred revenue until they are earned.

 Variable Rent: Certain of the Company's leases provide for a rent payment determined as a percentage of the gross farm proceeds in their entirety or above a certain threshold. Revenue under leases providing for variable rent may be recorded at the guaranteed crop insurance minimums and recognized ratably over the lease term during the crop year. Upon notification from the grain or packing facility that a future contract for delivery of the harvest has been finalized or when the tenant has notified the Company of the total amount of gross farm proceeds, revenue is recognized for the excess of the actual gross farm proceeds and the previously recognized minimum guaranteed insurance.

 Fixed Rent and Variable Rent: Certain of the Company's leases provide for a minimum fixed rent plus variable rent based on gross farm revenue.

 The following table presents rental income that is disaggregated by revenue source for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 2023

 2022

 Fixed Farm Rent

 $

 33,739

 $

 32,878

 Solar, Wind and Recreation Rent

 3,954

 2,647

 Tenant Reimbursements

 3,428

 3,264

 Variable Rent

 8,064

 10,090

 $

 49,185

 $

 48,879

 The Company's leases generally have terms ranging from one to three years, with some extending up to 40 years (e.g., renewable energy leases). Payments received in advance are included in deferred revenue until they are earned. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $ 2.1 million and less than $ 0.1 million, respectively, in deferred revenue.

 The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from rental income. The Company elected an accounting policy to account for both its lease and non-lease components (specifically tenant reimbursements) as a single lease component under ASC 842.

 The following sets forth a summary of rental income recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Rental income recognized

 2023

 2022

 Leases in effect at the beginning of the year

 $

 45,863

 $

 40,015

 Leases entered into during the year

 3,322

 8,864

 $

 49,185

 $

 48,879

 Future minimum fixed rent payments from tenants under all non-cancelable leases in place as of December 31, 2023, including lease advances when contractually due, but excluding crop share and tenant reimbursement of expenses, for each of the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

 Future rental

 Year Ending December 31,

 payments

 2024

 $

 33,095

 2025

 20,637

 2026

 13,336

 2027

 7,262

 2028

 2,941

 Thereafter

 30,539

 $

 107,810

 Since lease renewal periods are exercisable at the option of the lessee, the preceding table presents future minimum lease payments due during the initial lease term only.

 Crop Sales: For farms directly operated through the TRS, the Company records revenue from the sale of harvested crops when the harvested crop has been contracted to be delivered to a grain or packing facility and title has transferred. Revenues from the sale of harvested crops recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $ 2.3 million and $ 5.4 million, respectively. Harvested crops delivered under marketing contracts are recorded using the fixed price of the marketing contract at the time of delivery to a grain or packing facility. Harvested crops delivered without a marketing contract are recorded using the market price at the date the harvested crop is delivered to the grain or packing facility and title has transferred.

 Other Revenue: Other revenue includes crop insurance proceeds, auction fees, brokerage fees, interest income, and property management income. Crop insurance proceeds are recognized when the amount is determinable and collectible. Crop insurance proceeds are generally received in lieu of crop sales on farms directly operated through the TRS. The Company generates auction revenue by contracting with a real estate owner to market and auction farm property. Successful bidders sign a purchase agreement immediately following the auction. Auction fee revenue is recognized upon completion of the auction. The Company generates real estate brokerage commissions by acting as a broker for real estate investors or owners seeking to buy or sell farm property. Revenue from brokerage fees is recognized upon completion of the transaction. Property management revenue is recognized over the term of the contract as services are being provided. The Company collects property management fees in advance of the commencement of property management activities on behalf of third parties and includes them in deferred revenue until they are earned over the life of the contract. Interest income is recognized on loans and financing receivables on an accrual basis over the life of the loans. Direct origination costs are netted against loan origination fees and are amortized over the life of the note using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, as an adjustment to interest income which is included as a component of other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 The following table presents other revenue that is disaggregated by revenue source for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 2023

 2022

 Auction and brokerage fees

 $

 1,138

 $

 2,806

 Crop insurance proceeds

 2,335

 2,609

 Property management income

 Other (e.g., interest income)

 1,661

 $

 6,024

 $

 6,959

 Note 3—Concentration Risk

 Credit Risk

 For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had certain tenant concentrations as presented in the table below. If a significant tenant, representing a tenant concentration, fails to make rental payments to the Company or elects to terminate its leases, and the land cannot be re-leased on satisfactory terms, there may be a material adverse effect on the Company's financial performance and the Company's ability to continue operations. The following is a summary of our significant tenants:

 Rental income recognized

 Approximate % of rental income

 2023

 2022

 2023

 2022

 Tenant A (1)

 $

 6,702

 $

 8,291

 13.6

 %

 17.0

 %

 (1)
 The Company has numerous permanent crop leases with major farming companies located in California.

 Geographic Risk

 The following table summarizes the percentage of approximate total acres owned as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the fixed and variable rent recorded by the Company for the years then ended by location of the farm:

 Approximate %

 Rental Income (1)

 of total acres

 As of December 31,

 Location of Farm (2)

 2023

 2022

 2023

 2022

 Corn Belt

 33.6

 %

 28.7

 %

 37.7

 %

 34.3

 %

 Delta and South

 19.9

 %

 19.9

 %

 11.9

 %

 12.5

 %

 High Plains

 16.4

 %

 20.0

 %

 9.1

 %

 8.4

 %

 Southeast

 21.7

 %

 24.4

 %

 18.6

 %

 19.2

 %

 West Coast

 8.4

 %

 7.0

 %

 22.7

 %

 25.6

 %

 100.0

 %

 100.0

 %

 100.0

 %

 100.0

 %

 (1)
 Due to regional disparities in the use of leases with variable rent and seasonal variations in the recognition of variable rent revenue, regional comparisons by rental income are more relevant for full years than quarters or partial years.

 (2)
 Corn Belt includes farms located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri and eastern Nebraska. Delta and South includes farms located in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Oklahoma. High Plains includes farms located in Colorado, Kansas and Texas. Southeast includes farms located in Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. West Coast includes farms located in California.

 Note 4—Related Party Transactions

 On July 21, 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement with American Agriculture Aviation LLC ("American Ag Aviation") for the use of a private plane. American Ag Aviation is a Colorado limited liability company that is owned 100 % by Paul A. Pittman, the Company's Executive Chairman. The private plane was generally utilized when commercial air travel was not readily available or practical to and from a particular location. The Company paid costs of $ 0.03 million and $ 0.11 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to American Ag Aviation for use of the aircraft in accordance with the lease agreement. These costs were recognized based on the nature of the associated use of the aircraft consistently with other travel expenses, as follows:

 (i) general and administrative - expensed as general and administrative expenses within the Company's consolidated statements of operations; (ii) land acquisition (accounted for as an asset acquisition) - allocated to the acquired real estate assets within the Company's consolidated balance sheets; and (iii) land acquisition (accounted for as a business combination) - expensed as acquisition and due diligence costs within the Company's consolidated statements of operations. In November 2023, the lease agreement was terminated due to American Ag Aviation's disposition of its private plane.

 On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into property sale and long-term management agreements with the OZ Fund. The OZ Fund is a Delaware limited liability company whose manager is the brother of Thomas P. Heneghan, one of the Company's independent directors. Mr. Heneghan has an indirect investment in the OZ Fund. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a 9.97 % interest, for both periods, in the OZ Fund. The aggregate balance of the Company's equity method investment in the OZ Fund was approximately $ 4.1 million and $ 4.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, including aggregate capital contributions of $ 1.7 million for both periods, and aggregate distributions of less than $ 0.1 million and $ 0.0 million, respectively, from inception of the joint venture through December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's capital contributions are capped at $ 4.3 million. The Company earned management fees of $ 0.5 million and $ 0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Note 5—Real Estate

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed acquisitions consisting of four properties in the Corn Belt and Delta and South regions. Aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions totaled $ 22.2 million. No intangible assets were acquired through these acquisitions.

 During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed 17 acquisitions, consisting of 20 properties, in the Corn Belt and High Plains regions. Aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions totaled $ 54.4 million for real estate purchases accounted for as asset acquisitions plus $ 17.3 million for the purchase of land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro under the John Deere brand which are accounted for as financing receivables (refer to See "Note 6—Loans and Financing Receivables"). No intangible assets were acquired through these acquisitions.

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed dispositions consisting of 74 properties in the Corn Belt, Delta and South, High Plains, Southeast and West Coast regions. The Company received $ 195.5 million in aggregate consideration, including $ 11.8 million in seller financing, and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $ 36.1 million. In addition, the Company deferred an additional net gain on sale of $ 2.1 million in connection with dispositions of certain properties with seller financing. The deferred gain will be recognized at such time as the Company considers collection of the seller-financed portion of the sale price to be probable under applicable accounting standards.

 During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed five dispositions consisting of five properties in the Corn Belt, High Plains and Southeast regions. The Company received cash consideration for these dispositions totaling $ 17.0 million and recognized an aggregate gain on sale of $ 2.6 million.

 Note 6—Loans and Financing Receivables

 The Company offers an agricultural lending product focused on farmers as a complement to the Company's business of acquiring and owning farmland and leasing it to farmers. Under the FPI Loan Program, the Company makes loans to third-party farmers (both tenant and non-tenant) to provide financing for property acquisitions, working capital requirements, operational farming activities, farming infrastructure projects and for other farming and agricultural real estate related projects. The Company seeks to make loans that are collateralized by farm real estate or growing crops and in principal amounts of $ 1.0 million or more at fixed interest rates with maturities of up to six years. The Company expects the borrower to repay the loans in accordance with the loan agreements based on farming operations and access to other forms of capital, as permitted.

 In addition to loans made under the FPI Loan Program, the Company, on certain occasions, makes short-term loans to tenants secured by collateral other than real estate, such as growing crops, equipment or inventory, when the Company believes such loans will ensure the orderly completion of farming operations on a property owned by the Company for a given crop year and other credit is not available to the borrower.

 On November 18, 2022, the Company acquired land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio leased to Ag Pro (the seller), under the John Deere brand. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, control is not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP and these transactions are accounted for as financing arrangements under ASC 310 "Receivables" rather than as investments in real estate subject to operating leases. The leases mature in November 2037 and contain renewal options for periods up to 20 years from the original maturity date. The discount used for the transactions was 6.15 %.

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held the following loans and financing receivables:

 Outstanding as of

 Maturity

 Loan

 Terms

 Date

 Loans under FPI Loan Program:

 Mortgage Note (1)

 Principal & interest due at maturity

 $

 $

 12/7/2028

 Mortgage Note (2)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due semi-annually

 —

 2,100

 8/18/2023

 Mortgage Note (3)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due quarterly

 1,900

 2,500

 3/3/2025

 Mortgage Note (4)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due quarterly

 1,800

 —

 11/17/2028

 Mortgage Note (5)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due semi-annually

 8,009

 —

 12/28/2024

 Mortgage Note (6)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due semi-annually

 1,491

 —

 12/28/2024

 Mortgage Note (7)

 Principal due at maturity & interest due monthly

 —

 6/30/2025

 Total outstanding principal

 13,910

 4,817

 Sale-leaseback transactions accounted for as financing arrangements:

 Financing Receivable, net (8)

 Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement

 5,920

 5,894

 11/17/2037

 Financing Receivable, net (8)

 Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement

 4,498

 4,498

 11/17/2037

 Financing Receivable, net (8)

 Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement

 3,563

 3,561

 11/17/2037

 Financing Receivable, net (8)

 Monthly payments in accordance with lease agreement

 3,237

 3,241

 11/17/2037

 Total financing receivable

 17,218

 17,194

 Interest receivable (net prepaid interest and points)

 Allowance for credit losses

 ( 168)

 ( 92)

 Provision for interest receivable

 —

 —

 Total Loans and financing receivables, net

 $

 31,020

 $

 21,921

 1)
 The original note was renegotiated and a second note was entered into simultaneously with the borrower during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The note is secured against farmland properties.

 2)
 On August 18, 2021, the Company entered into a loan secured against farmland. The loan was repaid in full in September 2023.

 3)
 On March 3, 2022, the Company entered into two loans with the same party secured against farmland.

 4)
 On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland.

 5)
 On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland.

 6)
 On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland.

 7)
 On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a loan agreement secured by farmland and a feedlot.

 8)
 On November 18, 2022, the Company acquired land and buildings for four agriculture equipment dealerships in Ohio, accounted for as financing transactions. The leases may be extended beyond the stated maturity date, for up to an additional 20 years, at the option of the tenant.

 Loans and financing receivables are stated at their unpaid principal balance and include unamortized direct origination costs and accrued interest through the reporting date, less any allowance for losses and unearned borrower paid points. The Company monitors its receivables based upon historical collection experience, collateral values, current trends, long-term probability of default ("PD") and estimated loss given default ("LGD"). Accrued interest write-offs are recognized as credit loss expense. The Company has estimated its credit losses in accordance with ASC 326 to be $ 0.1 million and $ 0.0 million on its loan balances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $ 0.1 million of allowance for credit losses on its financing receivables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded no credit loss expense related to interest receivables during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no charge-offs or recoveries for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, all payments under loans and financing receivables have been received in accordance with the agreements.

 The following tables details the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Amortized Cost

 Allowance

 Loans and financing
receivables, net

 Allowance as a %
of Amortized Cost

 Loans under FPI Loan Program

 $

 13,970

 $

 ( 76)

 $

 13,894

 0.54

 %

 Financing Receivables

 17,218

 ( 92)

 17,126

 0.53

 %

 Totals

 $

 31,188

 $

 ( 168)

 $

 31,020

 0.54

 %

 Amortized Cost

 Allowance

 Loans and financing
receivables, net

 Allowance as a %
of Amortized Cost

 Loans under FPI Loan Program

 $

 4,819

 $

 —

 $

 4,819

 —

 %

 Financing Receivables

 17,194

 ( 92)

 17,102

 0.54

 %

 Totals

 $

 22,013

 $

 ( 92)

 $

 21,921

 0.42

 %

 The following chart reflects the roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses for our loans and financing receivables for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Years ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 Balance at beginning of year

 $

 ( 92)

 $

 —

 Initial allowance for financing receivables

 —

 ( 92)

 Initial allowance for loan receivables

 ( 76)

 —

 Current period change in credit allowance

 —

 —

 Charge-offs

 —

 —

 Recoveries

 —

 —

 Balance at end of year

 $

 ( 168)

 $

 ( 92)

 A reconciliation of the carrying amount of loans receivable and financing receivables for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is set out below:

 Years ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 Balance at beginning of year

 $

 22,011

 $

 6,029

 Additions during year:

 Issuance of loans and financing receivables

 11,801

 20,781

 Interest accrued on financing receivables

 1,054

 34,866

 26,932

 Deductions during year:

 Collections of principal on loans

 2,707

 2,786

 Payments on financing receivables

 1,031

 —

 Expiration of repurchase option

 —

 2,135

 Balance at end of year

 $

 31,128

 $

 22,011

 The collateral for the mortgage notes receivable consists of real estate and personal property.

 The Company estimates the fair value of loans and financing receivables using Level 3 inputs under the hierarchy established by GAAP. Fair value is estimated by discounting cash flows using interest rates based on management's estimates of market interest rates on loans receivable with comparable terms and credit risk whenever the interest rates on the loans receivable are deemed not to be at market rates. The fair value for financing receivables does not take into consideration any residual value upon the end of the lease term. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the loans and financing receivables was $ 24.5 million and $ 19.6 million, respectively.

 Note 7—Mortgage Notes, Lines of Credit and Bonds Payable

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had the following indebtedness outstanding:

 Book

 Annual

 Value of

 Interest

 Principal

 Collateral

 Rate as of

 Next

 Outstanding as of

 as of

 Interest

 Interest Rate

 Adjustment

 Maturity

 Loan

 Payment Terms

 2023

 Terms

 Date

 2023

 2022

 Date

 2023

 Farmer Mac Bond #6

 3.69 %

 Fixed

 N/A

 $

 13,827

 $

 13,827

 April 2025

 $

 19,478

 Farmer Mac Bond #7

 3.68 %

 Fixed

 N/A

 11,160

 11,160

 April 2025

 8,258

 Farmer Mac Facility

 Monthly

 6.84 %

 SOFR + 1.50 %

 N/A

 30,000

 75,000

 December 2025

 92,672

 MetLife Term Loan #1

 5.55 %

 Fixed

 N/A

 72,585

 72,623

 March 2026

 102,171

 MetLife Term Loan #4

 5.55 %

 March 2026

 5,756

 9,880

 June 2026

 9,534

 MetLife Term Loan #5

 5.63 %

 January 2026

 5,179

 5,179

 January 2027

 7,383

 MetLife Term Loan #6

 5.55 %

 February 2026

 21,726

 21,726

 February 2027

 26,230

 MetLife Term Loan #7

 5.87 %

 June 2026

 15,434

 15,699

 June 2027

 29,684

 MetLife Term Loan #8

 4.12 %

 Fixed for 10 years

 December 2027

 44,000

 44,000

 December 2042

 110,042

 MetLife Term Loan #9

 3.20 %

 May 2024

 16,800

 16,800

 May 2028

 33,720

 MetLife Term Loan #10

 6.36 %

 Fixed

 N/A

 48,986

 48,985

 October 2030

 94,737

 MetLife Term Loan #11

 2.85 %

 October 2024

 12,750

 12,750

 October 2031

 27,497

 MetLife Term Loan #12

 3.11 %

 December 2024

 14,359

 14,359

 December 2031

 14,784

 MetLife Facility

 Quarterly

 7.50 %

 SOFR + 2.10 %

 N/A

 —

 —

 October 2027

 112,466

 Rabobank (1)

 7.16 %

 SOFR + 1.81 %

 March 2024 (2)

 45,533

 59,500

 March 2028

 90,234

 Rutledge Facility

 Quarterly

 7.19 %

 SOFR + 1.80 %

 April 2024 (2)

 5,000

 18,000

 March 2027

 180,332

 Total outstanding principal

 363,095

 439,488

 $

 959,222

 Debt issuance costs

 ( 2,236)

 ( 2,613)

 Unamortized premium

 —

 —

 Total mortgage notes and bonds payable, net

 $

 360,859

 $

 436,875

 (1)
 The Company has an interest rate swap agreement with Rabobank for $ 33.2 million notional of fixed SOFR at 2.114 % until March 2026 for a weighted average rate of approximately 4.7 % (see "Note 10—Hedge Accounting"). After adjusting the $ 33.2 million of swapped Rabobank debt as fixed rate debt, the ratio of floating rate debt to total debt decreased from 22.2 % to 13.0 %.

 (2)
 The adjustment date included in the table above is for the spread noted under "Interest Rate Terms."

 Farmer Mac Debt

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Operating Partnership had approximately $ 55.0 million and $ 100.0 million, respectively, in aggregate principal amount outstanding under the bond purchase agreement entered into in October 2022 (the "Farmer Mac Facility") with Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation (collectively, "Farmer Mac"), and $ 43.1 million and $ 0.0 million, respectively, in additional capacity available under the Farmer Mac Facility. The Farmer Mac debt is secured by loans which are, in turn, secured by first-lien mortgages on agricultural real estate owned by wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. While Farmer Mac Bond #6 and Farmer Mac Bond #7 bear fixed interest rates of 3.69 % and 3.68 %, respectively, the Farmer Mac Facility bears interest of one-month term SOFR + 1.50 % on drawn amounts and an unused commitment fee of 0.20 %. In connection with the agreements, the Company entered into a guaranty agreement whereby the Company agreed to guarantee the full performance of the Operating Partnership's duties and obligations under the Farmer Mac debt. The Farmer Mac debt is subject to the Company's ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as a maximum leverage ratio of not more than 60 %. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants at December 31, 2023. In addition, under the Farmer Mac Facility, the Operating Partnership may request that Farmer Mac purchase additional bonds up to an additional $ 200.0 million, which Farmer Mac may approve at its sole discretion.

 MetLife Term Debt

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $ 257.6 million and $ 262.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding, respectively, under the credit agreements between MetLife and certain of the Company's subsidiaries (collectively, the "MetLife credit agreements"). Each of the MetLife credit agreements contains a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants, including the requirement to maintain a loan to value ratio of no greater than 60 %.

 The Company also has a $ 75.0 million credit facility with MetLife that provides the Company with access to additional liquidity on a revolving credit basis at a floating rate of interest equal to SOFR plus 210 basis points. As of December 31, 2023, no amounts had been borrowed and all $ 75.0. million remained available under the senior secured revolving line of credit entered into by the Operating

 Partnership with MetLife in October 2022 (the "MetLife Facility"). As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the MetLife credit agreements and MetLife guarantees.

 On each adjustment date for MetLife Term Loans #1-10, MetLife may, at its option, adjust the rate of interest to any rate of interest determined by MetLife consistent with rates for substantially similar loans secured by real estate substantially similar to the collateral. For MetLife Term Loan #11, the interest rate will be adjusted to the greater of the three-year U.S. treasury rate plus 2.20 % or 2.85 %. For MetLife Term Loan #12, the interest rate will be adjusted to the greater of the three-year U.S. treasury rate plus 2.10 % or 2.75 %. At the time of rate adjustment, the Company may make a prepayment equal to the unpaid principal balance for each of the MetLife loans. Otherwise, the Company may make a prepayment equal to 20 % to 50 % of the unpaid principal balance (depending on the tranche of debt) during a calendar year without penalty.

 Rabobank Mortgage Note

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and the Operating Partnership had $ 45.5 million and $ 59.5 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding, respectively, under a mortgage note with Rabobank (the "Rabobank Mortgage Note"). The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Rabobank Mortgage Note as of December 31, 2023.

 Rutledge Facility

 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and the Operating Partnership had $ 5.0 million and $ 18.0 million in aggregate principal amount, respectively, outstanding under a credit agreement with Rutledge Investment Company ("Rutledge") referred to herein as the Rutledge Facility. Each February, the facility size decreases by 2.5 % of original total facility size. As a result of that decrease, in addition to further reductions in connection with the disposition of certain properties that served as collateral for the Rutledge Facility, the total facility size was $ 88.0 million as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, $ 83.0 million remained available under this facility and the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loan agreements relating to the Rutledge Facility.

 The interest rate for the credit facility is based on three-month SOFR, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for the credit facility is 1.80 % to 2.25 %, depending on the applicable pricing level in effect. As of April 1, 2023, the applicable margin is 1.80 %. Generally, the Rutledge Facility contains terms consistent with the Company's prior loans with Rutledge, including, among others, the representations and warranties, affirmative, negative and financial covenants and events of default.

 In connection with the Rutledge agreement, the Company and the Operating Partnership each entered into separate guarantees whereby the Company and the Operating Partnership jointly and severally agreed to unconditionally guarantee the obligations under the Rutledge Facility (the "Rutledge guarantees"). The Rutledge guarantees contain a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants.

 LIBOR

 On July 1, 2023, the Rabobank Mortgage Note, the Company's only remaining indebtedness with a maturity date beyond 2023 that had exposure to LIBOR, was converted to a SOFR-based instrument. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any indebtedness with a maturity date beyond 2023 that has exposure to LIBOR.

 Debt Issuance Costs

 Costs incurred by the Company in obtaining debt are deducted from the face amount of mortgage notes and bonds payable. Debt issuance costs are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the respective terms of the related indebtedness. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of mortgage notes payable are written off in the period in which repayment occurs. Fully amortized deferred financing fees are removed from the balance sheet upon maturity or repayment of the underlying debt. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing fees was $ 1.9 million and $ 1.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Aggregate Maturities

 As of December 31, 2023, aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the succeeding years are as follows:

 Year Ending December 31,

 Future Maturities

 2024

 $

 2,100

 2025

 57,087

 2026

 80,441

 2027

 49,439

 2028

 53,933

 Thereafter

 120,095

 $

 363,095

 Fair Value

 The fair value of the mortgage notes payable is valued using Level 3 inputs under the hierarchy established by GAAP and is calculated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates based on management's estimates of market interest rates on long-term debt with comparable terms whenever the interest rates on the mortgage notes payable are deemed not to be at market rates. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the mortgage notes payable was $ 349.1 million and $ 405.0 million, respectively.

 Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies

 The Company is not currently subject to any known material contingencies arising from its business operations, nor to any material known or threatened litigation other than as discussed below.

 Office Leases

 The Company has five leases in place for office space with payments ranging between $ 800 and $ 13,711 per month and lease terms expiring between November 2024 and November 2025. Beginning in 2020, the Company recognized right of use assets and related lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company estimated the value of the lease liabilities using discount rates ranging from 3.35 % to 7.56 %, equivalent to the rates we would pay on a secured borrowing with similar terms to the lease at the inception of the lease. Options to extend the lease are excluded in our minimum lease terms unless the option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Our total lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0.23 million and $ 0.24 million, respectively. Minimum annual rental payments under these operating leases, reconciled to the lease liability included in our consolidated balance sheets, are as follows (in thousands):

 Future rental

 Year Ending December 31,

 payments

 2024

 $

 2025

 2026

 —

 2027

 —

 2028

 —

 Thereafter

 —

 Total lease payments

 Less: imputed interest

 ( 53)

 Lease liability

 $

 Litigation

 On July 2, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against First Sabrepoint Capital Management, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Partners, LP, Sabrepoint Capital Participation, LP, George Baxter, and Donald Marchiony (collectively, "Sabrepoint") in the Civil District Courts of Dallas County, Texas seeking relief for their role, as alleged in the complaint, in the previously disclosed 2018 "short and distort" scheme to profit from an artificial decline in our stock price. Certain Sabrepoint defendants had prevailed previously on a motion to dismiss the case against them in the Rota Fortunae action in the United State District Court for the District of Colorado (where the state case had been removed) solely on personal jurisdiction grounds. On December 17, 2021, the Company's claims against Sabrepoint in

 Texas were dismissed by the trial court, which granted (i) Sabrepoint's motion for summary judgment on collateral estoppel grounds, and (ii) motion to dismiss pursuant to the Texas Citizens Participation Act ("TCPA"). On March 21, 2022, after the Company filed a notice signaling an intent to appeal both orders, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas (the "Court of Appeals") entered an order declaring the trial court's TCPA order "VOID because the motion was denied by operation of law." Accordingly, the Company narrowed its appeal to the trial court's grant of summary judgment. On January 26, 2022, Sabrepoint filed a motion for attorney's fees relating to the defense of that action. The trial court granted the motion for certain fees claimed by Sabrepoint as relating to its pursuit of its TCPA motion, but as noted above, the Court of Appeals subsequently overturned the TCPA order that formed the basis of Sabrepoint's fee request, mooting the motion and the Court's order on the same. On June 30, 2023, the Court of Appeals granted the Company's appeal, determining that the Company's claims against Sabrepoint are not barred, reversing the trial court and remanding the case for further proceedings on the merits. On October 13, 2023, Sabrepoint filed a Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court, requesting the court to review the Court of Appeals' decision. The Company filed a response to the Sabrepoint Petition for Review with the Texas Supreme Court on December 27, 2023, and Sabrepoint filed a reply in support of its petition on January 25, 2024. On February 16, 2024, the Texas Supreme Court requested a briefing on the merits. The petition is now fully briefed and pending a decision from the court. The Company remains confident that it will ultimately be permitted to proceed with its claims against Sabrepoint.

 Repurchase Options

 For certain of the Company's acquisitions, the seller retains the option to repurchase the property at a future date for a price, which is calculated based on an appreciation factor over the original purchase price plus the value of improvements on the property, that, at the time of the acquisition, the Company expected would be at or above the property's fair market value at the exercise date. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an approximate aggregate net book value of $ 5.1 million related to assets with unexercised repurchase options, and $ 15.7 million related to assets with exercised repurchase options. On September 4, 2020, the seller of one such property exercised its right to repurchase approximately 2,860 acres in South Carolina, for which the Company has received non-refundable payments totaling $ 3.5 million as of December 31, 2023. The Company is scheduled to receive a series of non-refundable payments until the closing date, which is currently scheduled to take place on or before January 15, 2025.

 Employee Retirement Plan

 Effective February 1, 2022, the Company amended the Murray Wise Associates 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan and Trust to make it available to all eligible employees of the Company under revised Farmland Partners Operating Partnership, LP 401(k) Plan (the "FPI 401(k) Plan"). The FPI 401(k) Plan is a defined contribution plan for substantially all employees. The Company has elected a "safe harbor" plan in which the Company plans to make contributions which are determined and authorized by the Board of Directors each plan year. As is customary, the Company retains the right to amend the FPI 401(k) Plan at its discretion. The Company made safe harbor contributions of $ 0.1 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Note 9—Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests

 Non-controlling Interest in Operating Partnership

 FPI consolidates the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, FPI owned 97.6 % and 97.8 % of the outstanding interests, respectively, in the Operating Partnership, and the remaining 2.4 % and 2.2 % interests, respectively, are held in the form of Common units and comprise non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership on the consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership consist of both the Common units and the Series A preferred units held by third parties.

 Common Units in Operating Partnership, OP Units

 On or after 12 months of becoming a holder of Common units, unless the terms of an agreement with such Common unitholder dictate otherwise, each limited partner, other than the Company, has the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership, as amended (the "Partnership Agreement"), to tender for redemption all or a portion of such Common units in exchange for cash, or in the Company's sole discretion, for shares of the Company's common stock on a one -for-one basis. If cash is paid in satisfaction of a redemption request, the amount will be equal to the number of tendered units multiplied by the fair market value per share of the Company's common stock on the date of the redemption notice (determined in accordance with, and subject to adjustment under, the terms of the Partnership Agreement). Any redemption request must be satisfied by the Company on or before the close of business on the tenth business day after the Company receives a

 notice of redemption. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company redeemed 34,000 Common units in exchange for cash of approximately $ 0.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 120,000 shares of common stock upon the redemption of 120,000 Common units that had been tendered for redemption. There were approximately 1.2 million and 1.2 million outstanding Common units eligible to be tendered for redemption as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 If the Company gives the limited partners notice of its intention to make an extraordinary distribution of cash or property to its stockholders or effect a merger, a sale of all or substantially all of its assets or any other similar extraordinary transaction, each limited partner may exercise its right to tender its Common units for redemption, regardless of the length of time such limited partner has held its Common units.

 Regardless of the rights described above, the Operating Partnership will not have an obligation to issue cash to a unitholder upon a redemption request if the Company elects to redeem Common units for shares of common stock. When a Common unit is redeemed, non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership is reduced, and stockholders' equity is increased.

 The Operating Partnership intends to continue to make distributions on each Common unit in the same amount as those paid on each share of FPI's common stock, with the distributions on the Common units held by FPI being utilized to pay dividends to FPI's common stockholders.

 Pursuant to the consolidation accounting standard with respect to the accounting and reporting for non-controlling interest changes and changes in ownership interest of a subsidiary, changes in parent's ownership interest when the parent retains controlling interest in the subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest shall be adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary, with the offset to equity attributable to the parent. Changes in the ownership percentages between the Company's stockholders' equity and non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership resulted in a decrease and an increase to the non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership by less than ($ 0.1) million and $ 0.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with the corresponding offsets to additional paid-in capital.

 Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests in Operating Partnership, Series A Preferred Units

 On March 2, 2016, the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment") to the Partnership Agreement in order to provide for the issuance, and the designation of the terms and conditions, of the Series A preferred units. Pursuant to the Amendment, among other things, each Series A preferred unit has a $ 1,000 liquidation preference and is entitled to receive cumulative preferential cash distributions at a rate of 3.00 % per annum of the $ 1,000 liquidation preference, which is payable annually in arrears on January 15 of each year or the next succeeding business day. The cash distributions are accrued ratably over the year and credited to redeemable non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, preferred units on the balance sheet with the offset recorded to retained earnings. On March 2, 2016, 117,000 Series A preferred units were issued as partial consideration in the acquisition of a portfolio of Illinois farms. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution, the Series A preferred units are entitled to a priority distribution ahead of Common units in an amount equal to the liquidation preference plus an amount equal to all distributions accumulated and unpaid to the date of such cash distribution. On May 19, 2022, the Company redeemed 5,000 Series A preferred units for $ 5.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $ 5.1 million in cash. On September 1, 2022, the Company redeemed an additional 5,000 Series A preferred units for $ 5.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $ 5.1 million in cash. On May 31, 2023, the Company redeemed 8,000 Series A preferred units for $ 8.0 million plus accrued distributions for an aggregate of $ 8.1 million in cash. As of December 31, 2023, 99,000 Series A preferred units were outstanding. The total liquidation value of such preferred units as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 102.0 million and $ 110.2 million, respectively, including accrued distributions.

 On or after February 10, 2026 (the "Conversion Right Date"), holders of the Series A preferred units have the right to convert each Series A preferred unit into a number of Common units equal to (i) the $ 1,000 liquidation preference plus all accrued and unpaid distributions, divided by (ii) the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date. All Common units received upon conversion may be immediately tendered for redemption for cash or, at the Company's option, for shares of common stock on a one -for-one basis, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Partnership Agreement. Prior to the Conversion Right Date, the Series A preferred units may not be tendered for redemption by the Holder.

 On or after February 10, 2021, but prior to the Conversion Right Date, the Operating Partnership has the right to redeem some or all of the Series A preferred units, at any time and from time to time, for cash in an amount per unit equal to the $ 1,000 liquidation preference plus all accrued and unpaid distributions.

 In the event of a Termination Transaction (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) prior to conversion, holders of the Series A preferred units generally have the right to receive the same consideration as holders of Common units and common stock, on an as-converted basis.

 Holders of the Series A preferred units have no voting rights except with respect to (i) the issuance of partnership units of the Operating Partnership senior to the Series A preferred units as to the right to receive distributions and upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Operating Partnership, (ii) the issuance of additional Series A preferred units and (iii) amendments to the Partnership Agreement that materially and adversely affect the rights or benefits of the holders of the Series A preferred units.

 The Series A preferred units are accounted for as mezzanine equity on the consolidated balance sheet as the units are convertible and redeemable for shares at a determinable price and date at the option of the holder upon the occurrence of an event not solely within the control of the Company.

 The following table summarizes the changes in our redeemable non-controlling interest in the Operating Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Series A Preferred Units

 Redeemable

 Redeemable

 Preferred

 non-controlling

 units

 interests

 Balance at December 31, 2021

 $

 120,510

 Distribution paid to non-controlling interest

 —

 ( 3,510)

 Accrued distributions to non-controlling interest

 —

 3,210

 Redemption of Series A preferred units

 ( 10)

 ( 10,000)

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 $

 110,210

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 $

 110,210

 Distribution paid to non-controlling interest

 —

 ( 3,210)

 Accrued distributions to non-controlling interest

 —

 2,970

 Redemption of Series A preferred units

 ( 8)

 ( 8,000)

 Balance at December 31, 2023

 $

 101,970

 Distributions

 The Company's Board of Directors declared and paid the following distributions to common stockholders and holders of Common units for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Fiscal Year

 Declaration Date

 Record Date

 Payment Date

 Distributions
per Common
Share/OP unit

 2023

 October 24, 2022

 January 2, 2023

 January 17, 2023

 $

 February 21, 2023

 April 3, 2023

 April 17, 2023

 $

 May 3, 2023

 July 3, 2023

 July 17, 2023

 $

 July 25, 2023

 October 2, 2023

 October 16, 2023

 $

 $

 0.2400

 2022

 October 26, 2021

 January 3, 2022

 January 18, 2022

 $

 0.0500

 February 22, 2022

 April 1, 2022

 April 15, 2022

 $

 0.0500

 May 2, 2022

 July 1, 2022

 July 15, 2022

 $

 July 26, 2022

 October 1, 2022

 October 17, 2022

 $

 $

 0.2200

 Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $ 13.3 million in dividends payable to common stockholders and holders of Common units (paid in January 2024), including $ 10.3 million as a one-time special dividend of $ 0.21 per share related to

 asset appreciation. In general, common stock cash dividends declared by the Company will be considered ordinary income to stockholders for income tax purposes. From time to time, a portion of the Company's dividends may be characterized as qualified dividends, capital gains or return of capital. For income tax purposes, 2023 common stock dividends were $ 0.41 per share (which includes a portion of the $ 0.21 per share one-time special dividend mentioned above) all of which are considered capital gains as defined by I.R.C. Section 857(b)(3).

 In connection with the 3.00 % cumulative preferential distribution on the Series A preferred units, the Company had accrued $ 3.0 million in distributions payable as of December 31, 2023. The distributions are payable annually in arrears on January 15 of each year.

 Share Repurchase Program

 On March 15, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $ 25.0 million in shares of the Company's common stock. On August 1, 2018, the Board of Directors increased the authority under the share repurchase program by an aggregate of $ 30.0 million. On November 7, 2019, the Board of Directors increased the authority under the program by an additional $ 50.0 million. On May 3, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $ 75.0 million increase resulting in total availability under the share repurchase program of approximately $ 88.0 million as of such date. On November 1, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $ 40.0 million increase in the total authorization available under the program, increasing the total availability under the share repurchase program to approximately $ 85.0 million as of such date. Repurchases under this program may be made from time to time, in amounts and prices as the Company deems appropriate. Repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, trading restrictions under the Company's insider trading policy and other relevant factors. This share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company's discretion. The Company funds repurchases under the program using cash on its balance sheet.

 During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 6,551,087 shares of its common stock at a weighted average price of $ 11.00 per share. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $ 83.3 million of capacity remaining under the stock repurchase plan. In addition, the Company redeemed 34,000 Common units in exchange for cash of approximately $ 0.4 million.

 Equity Incentive Plan

 On May 7, 2021, the Company's stockholders approved the Third Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "Plan"), which increased the aggregate number of shares of the Company's common stock reserved for issuance under the Plan to approximately 1.9 million shares. As of December 31, 2023, there were 0.4 million shares available for future grants under the Plan.

 The Company may issue equity-based awards to officers, non-employee directors, employees, independent contractors and other eligible persons under the Plan. The Plan provides for the grant of stock options, share awards (including restricted stock and restricted stock units), stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, annual incentive cash awards and other equity-based awards, including LTIP units, which are convertible on a one -for-one basis into Common units. The terms of each grant are determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors.

 From time to time, the Company may award restricted shares of its common stock under the Plan, as compensation to officers, employees, non-employee directors and non-employee consultants. The shares of restricted stock vest generally over a period of time as determined by the compensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for awards issued to officers, employees and non-employee directors for restricted shares of common stock on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance, adjusted for forfeitures. The Company recognizes compensation expense for awards issued to non-employee consultants in the same period and in the same manner as if the Company paid cash for the underlying services.

 A summary of the non-vested restricted shares as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

 Weighted

 Number of

 average grant

 (shares in thousands)

 shares

 date fair value

 Unvested at December 31, 2021

 $

 8.87

 Granted

 11.78

 Vested

 ( 177)

 8.22

 Forfeited

 ( 10)

 11.24

 Unvested at December 31, 2022

 $

 10.88

 Unvested at December 31, 2022

 $

 10.88

 Granted

 10.92

 Vested

 ( 138)

 10.28

 Forfeited

 ( 1)

 12.26

 Unvested at December 31, 2023

 $

 11.15

 The Company recognized stock-based compensation and incentive expense related to restricted stock awards of $ 1.9 million and $ 2.0 million, f or the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized $ 0.0 million and $ 0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to stock-based incentive expense in connection with the November 2021 acquisition of Murray Wise Associates, LLC, which are included in the amounts above. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $ 2.3 million and $ 1.7 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested stock awards, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

 At-the-Market Offering Program (the "ATM Program")

 On May 6, 2022, the Company entered into equity distribution agreements under which the Company may issue and sell from time to time, through sales agents, shares of its common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $ 100.0 million (the " ATM Program"). During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold no shares under the ATM Program and had a remaining capacity of $ 50.5 million in shares of common stock available for issuance.

 Earnings (Loss) per Share

 The computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is as follows:

 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 2023

 2022

 Numerator:

 Net income attributable to Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 30,913

 $

 11,674

 Less: Nonforfeitable distributions allocated to unvested restricted shares

 ( 157)

 ( 63)

 Less: Distributions on redeemable non-controlling interests in Operating Partnership, preferred

 ( 2,970)

 ( 3,210)

 Net income attributable to common stockholders

 $

 27,786

 $

 8,401

 Denominator:

 Weighted-average number of common shares - basic

 50,243

 Unvested restricted shares (1)

 —

 —

 Redeemable non-controlling interest (2)

 8,049

 —

 Weighted-average number of common shares - diluted

 58,292

 Income per share attributable to common stockholders - basic

 $

 0.55

 $

 0.16

 Income per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted

 $

 0.53

 $

 0.16

 1)
 Anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 2)
 Dilutive for the year ended December 31, 2023 and anti-dilutive for the year ended December 31, 2022.

 Numerator:

 Unvested shares of the Company's restricted common stock are considered participating securities, which requires the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-

 forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Accordingly, distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to unvested restricted shares (participating securities) have been subtracted, as applicable, from net income or loss attributable to common stockholders utilized in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

 Denominator:

 Any anti-dilutive shares have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.

 The outstanding Series A preferred units are non-participating securities and thus are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share on an as-if converted basis if they are dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2023, these shares were included in the diluted earnings per share calculation. For the year ended December 31, 2022, these shares were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as they would be anti-dilutive.

 For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, diluted weighted average common shares do not include the impact of 0.3 million unvested compensation-related shares, for each period, as they would have been anti-dilutive.

 The limited partners' outstanding Common units, or the non-controlling interests, (which may be redeemed for shares of common stock) have not been included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as there would be no effect on the amounts since the limited partners' share of income would also be added back to net income, therefore increasing both net income and shares. The weighted average number of Common units held by the non-controlling interest was 1.2 million and 1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Outstanding Equity Awards and Units

 The following equity awards and units were outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Shares

 47,656

 54,058

 Common Units

 1,203

 1,237

 Unvested Restricted Stock Awards

 49,206

 55,555

 Note 10—Hedge Accounting

 Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

 The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, by managing the amount, sources, duration and interest rate exposure of its financing sources. The Company may also use interest rate derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was a party to one interest rate swap, designated as a hedging instrument, to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to adverse interest rate movements.

 For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the entire change in the fair value of the Company's designated cash flow hedges is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders' equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

 On March 26, 2020, the Company terminated its existing swap agreement and entered into a new interest rate swap agreement to obtain a more favorable interest rate and to manage interest rate risk exposure, which was effective April 1, 2020. An interest rate swap agreement utilized by the Company effectively modified the Company's exposure to interest rate risk by converting the Company's floating-rate debt to a fixed rate basis for the next six years on 50 % of the outstanding amount to Rabobank at the time of the agreement, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. This agreement involves the receipt of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the life of the agreement without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. The fair value of the de-designated swap was $ 2.6 million on the termination date. The Company amortized the de-designated swap over the original term utilizing a forward curve analysis of determining monthly amortization out of Other Comprehensive Income through the

 original termination date (March 1, 2023). Amortization for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0.2 million and $ 0.6 million, respectively. The Company's $ 2.6 million termination fee was rolled into the new swap and will be paid through March 1, 2026. Termination fees paid during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $ 0.4 million, for each year.

 The Company determines the hedge effectiveness of its interest rate swaps at inception by applying a quantitative evaluation of effectiveness using regression analysis. On an ongoing basis the Company applies an initial qualitative assessment of on-going effectiveness and reviews hedge effectiveness through assessing the hedge relationship by comparing the current terms of the swap and the associated debt to ensure they continue to coincide through the continued ability of the Counterparty to the swap to honor its obligations under the swap contract. The qualitative assessment may indicate that the hedge relationship is not highly effective, the Company would then perform a quantitative evaluation using regression analysis. The Company concluded the hedge was highly effective at inception and remained highly effective as of December 31, 2023.

 As of December 31, 2023, the total notional amount of the Company's receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate swap was $ 33.2 million.

 The fair value of the Company's derivative instrument on a recurring basis is set out below:

 Instrument

 Balance sheet location

 Level 2 Fair Value

 Interest rate swap

 Derivative asset

 $

 1,707

 The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is set out below:

 Cash flow hedging relationships

 Location of Gain (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated OCI into income

 Interest rate contracts

 Interest expense

 For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount of noncash loss recognized in net income was $ 1.7 million and $ 2.1 million, respectively. The net change associated with current period hedging transactions was ($ 0.8) million and $ 3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The amortization of frozen Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income was $ 0.2 million and $ 0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 The fair values of the Company's interest rate swap agreements are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts, which is considered a Level 2 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 is defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the year ended December 31, 2023. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

 The following table outlines the movements in the other comprehensive income account as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 Beginning accumulated derivative instrument gain or loss

 $

 3,306

 $

 Net change associated with current period hedging transactions

 ( 813)

 2,433

 Amortization of frozen AOCI on de-designated hedge

 Difference between a change in fair value of excluded components

 —

 —

 Closing accumulated derivative instrument gain or loss

 $

 2,691

 $

 3,306

 Note 11—Income Taxes

 The TRS income/(loss) before provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

 United States

 $

 ( 2,722)

 $

 3,212

 International

 —

 —

 Total

 $

 ( 2,722)

 $

 3,212

 The federal and state income tax provision (benefit) is summarized as follows:

 Current:

 Federal

 $

 ( 144)

 $

 State

 ( 41)

 Total Current Tax (Benefit) Expense

 $

 ( 185)

 $

 Deferred:

 Federal

 ( 5)

 Total Tax (Benefit) Expense

 $

 ( 166)

 $

 Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (b) operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The tax effects of significant items comprising the TRS's deferred taxes as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

 Deferred tax assets:

 Net operating loss

 $

 1,996

 $

 Realized capital losses

 —

 Stock Compensation

 —

 Deferred Revenue

 —

 Charitable Contributions

 —

 Total deferred tax assets

 $

 2,008

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Fixed assets

 $

 ( 15)

 $

 ( 18)

 Intangible Assets

 ( 181)

 ( 32)

 Total deferred tax liabilities

 $

 ( 196)

 $

 ( 50)

 Valuation Allowance

 ( 1,851)

 ( 480)

 Net deferred taxes

 $

 ( 39)

 $

 ( 20)

 ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is "more likely than not." Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the TRS's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the TRS's recent history of operating losses, and management's inability to accurately project future taxable income, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $ 1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The amount of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets associated with excess tax deduction from stock-based incentive arrangements that is allocated to contributed capital if the future tax benefits are subsequently recognized is $ 0.0 million.

 Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

 Expiration Year

 Net operating losses, federal (Post-December 31, 2017)

 $

 7,703

 Does not expire

 Net operating losses, state

 $

 5,433

 Various

 The effective tax rate of the TRS's provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:

 Statutory Rate

 $

 ( 571)

 21.00

 %

 $

 21.00

 %

 State Tax

 ( 191)

 7.02

 %

 3.43

 %

 Valuation Allowance

 ( 21.92)

 %

 ( 558)

 ( 17.37)

 %

 Total

 $

 ( 166)

 6.10

 %

 $

 7.07

 %

 Note 12—Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

 The following table reflects the quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Quarter Ended

 ($ in thousands except per share data)

 March 31, 2023

 June 30, 2023

 September 30, 2023

 Operating revenues

 $

 12,672

 $

 11,584

 $

 11,618

 $

 21,592

 Operating expenses

 7,835

 8,828

 11,603

 11,201

 Other expenses (1)

 3,114

 ( 5,146)

 ( 4,109)

 ( 7,375)

 Net income before income tax expense

 1,723

 7,902

 4,124

 17,766

 Income tax expense

 ( 9)

 ( 4)

 ( 12)

 $

 1,714

 $

 7,898

 $

 4,315

 $

 17,754

 Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 $

 7,001

 $

 3,446

 $

 16,482

 Basic net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (2)

 $

 0.02

 $

 0.14

 $

 0.07

 $

 0.35

 Diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (2)

 $

 0.02

 $

 0.12

 $

 0.07

 $

 0.30

 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

 54,007

 50,860

 48,432

 47,762

 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

 54,007

 59,112

 48,432

 55,635

 Quarter Ended

 March 31, 2022

 June 30, 2022

 September 30, 2022

 Operating revenues

 $

 13,890

 $

 12,357

 $

 13,140

 $

 21,823

 Operating expenses

 9,570

 8,902

 8,415

 9,349

 Other expenses (1)

 3,181

 3,573

 5,667

 Net income before income tax expense

 1,139

 3,089

 1,152

 6,807

 Income tax expense

 —

 ( 96)

 ( 33)

 ( 98)

 $

 1,139

 $

 2,993

 $

 1,119

 $

 6,709

 Net income available to common stockholders of Farmland Partners Inc.

 $

 $

 2,060

 $

 $

 5,778

 Basic net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (2)

 $

 0.00

 $

 0.04

 $

 0.01

 $

 0.11

 Diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (2)

 $

 0.00

 $

 0.04

 $

 0.01

 $

 0.09

 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

 45,781

 50,362

 53,495

 54,056

 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

 45,781

 50,362

 53,495

 62,633

 (1)
 Other expenses for the quarters ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023 included $ 1.8 million, $ 11.1 million, $ 10.3 million, $ 12.9 million, respectively, related to gain on disposition of assets. Other expenses for the quarters ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 included $ 0.7 million, $ 3.3 million, ($ 0.1) million, ($ 1.3) million, respectively, related to gain (loss) on disposition of assets.

 (2)
 The basic and diluted net (loss) income for the quarters do not equal full year results due to issuance of common stock throughout the year and rounding.

 Note 13—Subsequent Events

 We have evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements through the day the financial statements were issued.

 Dividends

 On February 27, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $ 0.06 per share of common stock and Common unit payable on April 15, 2024 to stockholders and unitholders of record as of April 1, 2024.

 Real Estate Acquisitions

 Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company completed two farm acquisitions in the Corn Belt region. Aggregate consideration for the acquisitions totaled $ 15.2 million.

 Borrowings on Credit Facilities, Net of Repayments

 Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company made borrowings, net of repayments, of $ 25.0 million against the Company's lines of credit.

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
 ($ In Thousands)

 Initial Cost to Company

 Cost Capitalized Subsequent to
Acquisition

 Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period

 Life on Which Depreciation in
 Latest Income

 Description

 Encumbrances

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Accumulated
Depreciation

 Date of
Construction

 Date Acquired

 Statements is
Computed

 (j)

 44,994

 —

 44,994

 —

 —

 —

 44,994

 —

 44,994

 —

 2017

 —

 (l)

 41,906

 —

 41,906

 1,187

 1,192

 43,093

 43,098

 2018

 2015

 (j)

 33,482

 —

 33,482

 —

 —

 —

 33,482

 —

 33,482

 —

 2017

 —

 (q)

 19,925

 11,521

 31,446

 —

 1,765

 1,765

 19,925

 13,286

 33,211

 5,387

 2017, 2019, 2022, 2023

 2017

 (o)

 29,677

 30,108

 —

 2,429

 2,429

 29,677

 2,860

 32,537

 2017, 2018, 2023

 2017

 (j)

 31,567

 —

 31,567

 —

 —

 —

 31,567

 —

 31,567

 —

 2017

 —

 (h)

 22,887

 1,484

 24,371

 1,820

 1,859

 22,926

 3,304

 26,230

 2017, 2018, 2019, 2023

 2017

 Louisiana

 (m)

 24,882

 25,010

 25,013

 25,336

 2021, 2022

 2021

 (q)

 7,647

 11,518

 19,165

 —

 7,647

 12,377

 20,024

 2,987

 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022

 2017

 (p)

 12,057

 1,474

 13,531

 6,079

 6,132

 12,110

 7,553

 19,663

 1,798

 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

 2014

 (q)

 9,998

 8,116

 18,114

 —

 9,998

 8,279

 18,277

 3,377

 2017, 2021

 2017

 (q)

 10,935

 6,878

 17,813

 —

 10,935

 7,121

 18,056

 2,424

 2017, 2021, 2023

 2017

 (k)

 17,627

 —

 17,627

 —

 —

 —

 17,627

 —

 17,627

 —

 2018

 —

 (q)

 11,888

 3,398

 15,286

 —

 11,888

 4,139

 16,027

 1,482

 2017, 2021, 2022, 2023

 2017

 (i)

 14,866

 15,772

 —

 14,866

 1,134

 16,000

 2017, 2018

 2017

 Florida

 (l)

 9,295

 9,497

 3,439

 2,531

 5,970

 12,734

 2,733

 15,467

 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021

 2016

 (q)

 8,326

 6,075

 14,401

 —

 8,326

 6,108

 14,434

 1,480

 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022

 2017

 Texas

 (d)

 5,773

 6,338

 12,111

 —

 5,773

 6,401

 12,174

 2022, 2023

 2022

 (d)

 11,325

 11,634

 —

 11,325

 11,805

 2022, 2023

 2022

 Louisiana

 10,771

 —

 10,771

 —

 10,771

 11,008

 2023

 2023

 (q)

 8,340

 4,546

 12,886

 —

 ( 2,072)

 ( 2,072)

 8,340

 2,474

 10,814

 2017, 2020, 2021, 2023

 2017

 (p)

 10,716

 10,786

 —

 —

 —

 10,716

 10,786

 2014

 2014

 (q)

 9,534

 9,797

 —

 ( 29)

 ( 29)

 9,534

 9,768

 2017

 2017

 (q)

 6,191

 2,772

 8,963

 —

 ( 94)

 ( 94)

 6,191

 2,678

 8,869

 1,028

 2017

 2017

 Oklahoma

 (n)

 8,181

 —

 8,181

 —

 8,181

 8,862

 2023

 2023

 (l)

 7,904

 8,037

 —

 7,904

 8,099

 2015, 2017, 2020

 2015

 (p)

 6,914

 7,201

 6,930

 7,441

 2014, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022

 2014

 7,359

 7,779

 ( 350)

 ( 349)

 7,360

 7,430

 2016

 2016

 (l)

 7,223

 —

 7,223

 —

 —

 —

 7,223

 —

 7,223

 —

 2015

 —

 (o)

 6,097

 —

 6,097

 —

 6,097

 6,547

 2018

 2016

 Missouri

 (d)

 6,493

 6,508

 —

 —

 —

 6,493

 6,508

 2021

 2021

 (o)

 6,429

 —

 6,429

 —

 —

 —

 6,429

 —

 6,429

 —

 2016

 —

 (f)

 5,924

 6,168

 —

 —

 —

 5,924

 6,168

 2015

 2015

 (e)

 5,502

 —

 5,502

 —

 5,502

 5,840

 2016

 2016

 (d)

 5,446

 5,836

 —

 —

 —

 5,446

 5,836

 2021, 2023

 2021

 (l)

 5,750

 —

 5,750

 —

 5,779

 —

 5,779

 —

 2015

 —

 (q)

 3,559

 3,317

 6,876

 —

 ( 1,122)

 ( 1,122)

 3,559

 2,195

 5,754

 2017

 2017

 (g)

 4,731

 5,524

 —

 4,909

 5,702

 2016, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2022

 2016

 (q)

 5,532

 5,633

 5,547

 5,689

 2017, 2019, 2020

 2017

 (d)

 3,388

 3,535

 —

 2,068

 2,068

 3,388

 2,215

 5,603

 2021

 2021

 (e)

 5,463

 5,568

 —

 5,463

 5,575

 2016

 2016

 Louisiana

 (p)

 5,100

 5,152

 —

 5,100

 5,434

 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2021, 2022, 2023

 2014

 (i)

 4,156

 1,280

 5,436

 —

 ( 3)

 ( 3)

 4,156

 1,277

 5,433

 2017

 2017

 (d)

 5,169

 5,354

 —

 —

 —

 5,169

 5,354

 2017

 2017

 (e)

 4,928

 4,932

 —

 4,928

 5,080

 2017

 2016

 (d)

 4,819

 4,839

 —

 —

 —

 4,819

 4,839

 2022

 2022

 (p)

 4,536

 4,586

 4,563

 4,694

 2014, 2017

 2014

 (q)

 4,575

 —

 4,575

 —

 —

 —

 4,575

 —

 4,575

 —

 2017

 —

 (o)

 4,530

 4,534

 —

 —

 —

 4,530

 4,534

 2016

 2016

 (k)

 2,461

 1,974

 4,435

 —

 ( 2)

 ( 2)

 2,461

 1,972

 4,433

 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023

 2017

 Mississippi

 (p)

 4,330

 4,463

 —

 ( 35)

 ( 35)

 4,330

 4,428

 2014

 (o)

 4,358

 —

 4,358

 —

 —

 —

 4,358

 —

 4,358

 —

 2016

 —

 (l)

 4,242

 —

 4,242

 —

 4,256

 —

 4,256

 —

 2015

 —

 (p)

 3,566

 3,925

 —

 3,566

 4,019

 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021

 2014

 (o)

 3,818

 —

 3,818

 —

 3,819

 —

 3,819

 —

 2016

 —

 Louisiana

 (n)

 3,612

 3,632

 —

 3,612

 3,797

 2021, 2022

 2021

 (d)

 2,981

 —

 2,981

 —

 2,981

 3,615

 2009, 2015

 2014

 Mississippi

 (b)

 3,471

 3,512

 —

 3,471

 3,575

 2015, 2017

 2015

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (continued)
 ($ In Thousands)

 Initial Cost to Company

 Cost Capitalized Subsequent to
Acquisition

 Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period

 Life on Which Depreciation in
 Latest Income

 Description

 Encumbrances

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Accumulated
Depreciation

 Date of
Construction

 Date Acquired

 Statements is
Computed

 (o)

 3,547

 —

 3,547

 —

 —

 —

 3,547

 —

 3,547

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 1,290

 —

 1,290

 —

 2,199

 2,199

 1,290

 2,199

 3,489

 2011, 2015, 2017

 2014

 (o)

 3,476

 —

 3,476

 —

 3,476

 3,480

 2016

 2016

 (d)

 3,401

 3,417

 —

 —

 —

 3,401

 3,417

 2022

 2022

 (p)

 1,882

 1,937

 —

 1,422

 1,422

 1,882

 1,477

 3,359

 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017

 2014

 (o)

 3,002

 3,070

 —

 3,002

 3,323

 2016, 2018

 2016

 (e)

 3,218

 —

 3,218

 —

 3,218

 3,313

 2018

 2016

 (o)

 3,282

 —

 3,282

 —

 —

 —

 3,282

 —

 3,282

 —

 2016

 —

 (b)

 1,959

 2,303

 —

 1,959

 1,314

 3,273

 2015, 2017, 2021

 2015

 (l)

 2,808

 2,992

 2,896

 3,180

 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022

 2015

 (q)

 3,163

 —

 3,163

 —

 —

 —

 3,163

 —

 3,163

 —

 2017

 —

 (o)

 3,063

 —

 3,063

 —

 —

 —

 3,063

 —

 3,063

 —

 2016

 —

 (o)

 3,036

 —

 3,036

 —

 —

 —

 3,036

 —

 3,036

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 2,912

 3,001

 —

 —

 —

 2,912

 3,001

 2022

 2022

 (o)

 2,687

 —

 2,687

 2,690

 2,894

 2017

 2016

 (e)

 2,875

 2,917

 —

 ( 42)

 ( 42)

 2,875

 —

 2,875

 —

 2016

 2016

 (c)

 2,601

 2,715

 —

 2,601

 2,848

 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019

 2015

 (d)

 2,572

 —

 2,572

 —

 2,572

 2,808

 2017

 2014

 (k)

 2,768

 —

 2,768

 —

 —

 —

 2,768

 —

 2,768

 —

 2018

 —

 (p)

 2,666

 2,706

 —

 2,666

 2,752

 2014, 2018, 2019

 2014

 (o)

 2,723

 —

 2,723

 —

 —

 —

 2,723

 —

 2,723

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 2,661

 —

 2,661

 —

 —

 —

 2,661

 —

 2,661

 —

 2021

 —

 (i)

 1,321

 1,412

 1,201

 1,567

 1,046

 2,613

 2017, 2018, 2020, 2023

 2017

 (d)

 2,473

 2,593

 —

 2,473

 2,598

 2022, 2023

 2022

 (c)

 2,539

 2,617

 —

 ( 23)

 ( 23)

 2,539

 2,594

 2016

 2015

 (b)

 2,153

 2,318

 2,250

 2,577

 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2023

 2014

 (o)

 2,547

 —

 2,547

 —

 —

 —

 2,547

 —

 2,547

 —

 2016

 —

 (b)

 1,995

 2,079

 —

 1,995

 2,545

 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

 2015

 (i)

 2,525

 —

 2,525

 —

 —

 —

 2,525

 —

 2,525

 —

 2017

 —

 (q)

 1,357

 2,324

 —

 1,532

 2,499

 2017, 2018

 2017

 (p)

 2,358

 2,440

 —

 2,358

 2,444

 2014

 (d)

 2,416

 2,438

 —

 —

 —

 2,416

 2,438

 2022

 2022

 (o)

 2,428

 —

 2,428

 —

 —

 —

 2,428

 —

 2,428

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 2,406

 —

 2,406

 —

 —

 —

 2,406

 —

 2,406

 —

 2016

 —

 (p)

 2,328

 —

 2,328

 —

 —

 —

 2,328

 —

 2,328

 —

 2014

 —

 (p)

 2,316

 —

 2,316

 —

 2,316

 2,319

 —

 2018

 2014

 (c)

 2,316

 2,442

 —

 ( 126)

 ( 126)

 2,316

 —

 2,316

 —

 2015

 —

 2,028

 2,056

 —

 2,028

 2,281

 2018

 2016

 (o)

 2,019

 —

 2,019

 —

 2,019

 2,235

 2016, 2019

 2016

 (e)

 2,104

 —

 2,104

 —

 2,104

 2,202

 2018

 2016

 (k)

 2,177

 —

 2,177

 —

 —

 —

 2,177

 —

 2,177

 —

 2018

 —

 (k)

 1,090

 —

 1,090

 1,077

 1,320

 2,167

 2018, 2019, 2021

 2018

 (m)

 2,128

 2,162

 —

 —

 —

 2,128

 2,162

 2022

 2022

 2,146

 —

 2,146

 —

 —

 —

 2,146

 —

 2,146

 —

 2023

 —

 (p)

 2,006

 2,102

 —

 2,006

 2,133

 2014, 2021

 2014

 Indiana

 (n)

 2,125

 —

 2,125

 —

 —

 —

 2,125

 —

 2,125

 —

 2022

 —

 (d)

 1,700

 —

 1,700

 —

 1,700

 2,046

 2013, 2017

 2014

 2,041

 —

 2,041

 —

 —

 —

 2,041

 —

 2,041

 —

 2022

 —

 (p)

 1,810

 2,020

 —

 1,810

 2,041

 2014, 2016, 2021

 2014

 (d)

 1,986

 2,022

 —

 —

 —

 1,986

 2,022

 2022

 2022

 (g)

 1,760

 —

 1,760

 —

 1,760

 2,008

 2017, 2023

 2016

 (e)

 1,999

 —

 1,999

 —

 —

 —

 1,999

 —

 1,999

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 1,877

 1,982

 —

 —

 —

 1,877

 1,982

 2016

 2016

 (e)

 1,975

 —

 1,975

 —

 —

 —

 1,975

 —

 1,975

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 1,960

 —

 1,960

 —

 —

 —

 1,960

 —

 1,960

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 1,949

 —

 1,949

 —

 —

 —

 1,949

 —

 1,949

 —

 2016

 —

 (g)

 1,905

 —

 1,905

 —

 —

 —

 1,905

 —

 1,905

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 1,863

 —

 1,863

 —

 —

 —

 1,863

 —

 1,863

 —

 2016

 —

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (continued)
 ($ In Thousands)

 Initial Cost to Company

 Cost Capitalized Subsequent to
Acquisition

 Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period

 Life on Which Depreciation in
 Latest Income

 Description

 Encumbrances

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Accumulated
Depreciation

 Date of
Construction

 Date Acquired

 Statements is
Computed

 (e)

 1,856

 —

 1,856

 —

 —

 —

 1,856

 —

 1,856

 —

 2016

 —

 (q)

 1,825

 —

 1,825

 —

 —

 —

 1,825

 —

 1,825

 —

 2018

 —

 (d)

 1,815

 —

 1,815

 —

 —

 —

 1,815

 —

 1,815

 —

 2022

 —

 (o)

 1,696

 —

 1,696

 —

 1,696

 1,805

 2017

 2016

 (l)

 1,770

 —

 1,770

 —

 1,795

 —

 1,795

 —

 2015

 —

 (o)

 1,772

 —

 1,772

 —

 —

 —

 1,772

 —

 1,772

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 1,750

 —

 1,750

 —

 —

 —

 1,750

 —

 1,750

 —

 2014

 —

 (q)

 1,735

 —

 1,735

 —

 —

 —

 1,735

 —

 1,735

 —

 2017

 —

 (e)

 1,734

 —

 1,734

 —

 —

 —

 1,734

 —

 1,734

 —

 2016

 —

 (o)

 1,646

 1,734

 —

 —

 —

 1,646

 1,734

 2016

 2016

 (o)

 1,721

 —

 1,721

 —

 —

 —

 1,721

 —

 1,721

 —

 2016

 —

 (p)

 1,608

 1,640

 —

 1,608

 1,720

 2014

 (o)

 1,617

 1,711

 —

 —

 —

 1,617

 1,711

 2016

 2016

 (l)

 1,303

 1,528

 —

 1,303

 1,703

 2016, 2017, 2020, 2023

 2016

 (p)

 1,637

 1,683

 —

 1,637

 1,692

 2014

 (e)

 1,678

 1,682

 —

 ( 4)

 ( 4)

 1,678

 —

 1,678

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 1,496

 —

 1,496

 —

 1,496

 1,655

 —

 2023

 2021

 (o)

 1,526

 —

 1,526

 —

 1,526

 1,652

 2017

 2016

 (o)

 1,623

 —

 1,623

 —

 —

 —

 1,623

 —

 1,623

 —

 2016

 —

 (p)

 1,539

 —

 1,539

 —

 1,539

 1,609

 2011, 2015

 2014

 (o)

 1,606

 —

 1,606

 —

 —

 —

 1,606

 —

 1,606

 —

 2016

 —

 (i)

 1,032

 1,202

 1,045

 1,604

 2017, 2018, 2020, 2023

 2017

 (e)

 1,591

 —

 1,591

 —

 —

 —

 1,591

 —

 1,591

 —

 2016

 —

 (b)

 1,244

 1,313

 —

 1,244

 1,582

 2014

 (p)

 1,500

 —

 1,500

 —

 1,500

 1,526

 2015

 2014

 (d)

 1,423

 1,483

 —

 1,423

 1,521

 2006

 2014

 (o)

 1,484

 —

 1,484

 —

 —

 —

 1,484

 —

 1,484

 —

 2016

 —

 1,475

 —

 1,475

 —

 —

 —

 1,475

 —

 1,475

 —

 2022

 —

 (q)

 1,471

 —

 1,471

 —

 —

 —

 1,471

 —

 1,471

 —

 2018

 —

 (o)

 1,438

 —

 1,438

 —

 —

 —

 1,438

 —

 1,438

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 1,437

 —

 1,437

 —

 —

 —

 1,437

 —

 1,437

 —

 2021

 —

 (l)

 1,403

 —

 1,403

 —

 —

 —

 1,403

 —

 1,403

 —

 2019

 —

 (b)

 1,100

 1,128

 —

 1,100

 1,371

 2014, 2015, 2018

 2014

 (k)

 1,149

 —

 1,149

 —

 1,149

 1,351

 2018

 2018

 (e)

 1,231

 —

 1,231

 —

 1,231

 1,347

 2018

 2016

 (e)

 1,322

 —

 1,322

 —

 —

 —

 1,322

 —

 1,322

 —

 2016

 —

 1,321

 —

 1,321

 —

 —

 —

 1,321

 —

 1,321

 —

 2022

 —

 (e)

 1,132

 1,167

 —

 1,132

 1,270

 2016, 2022

 2016

 (p)

 —

 1,262

 2006, 2016, 2023

 2014

 (e)

 1,261

 —

 1,261

 —

 —

 —

 1,261

 —

 1,261

 —

 2016

 —

 (b)

 1,120

 —

 1,120

 —

 1,120

 1,258

 2016

 2014

 (e)

 1,256

 —

 1,256

 —

 —

 —

 1,256

 —

 1,256

 —

 2016

 —

 (o)

 1,221

 —

 1,221

 —

 —

 —

 1,221

 —

 1,221

 —

 2016

 —

 (p)

 1,147

 —

 1,147

 —

 1,147

 1,207

 2016

 2014

 (e)

 1,173

 —

 1,173

 —

 —

 —

 1,173

 —

 1,173

 —

 2016

 —

 (k)

 1,161

 —

 1,161

 —

 —

 —

 1,161

 —

 1,161

 —

 2018

 —

 (e)

 1,160

 —

 1,160

 —

 —

 —

 1,160

 —

 1,160

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 1,117

 1,145

 —

 1,117

 1,154

 2016, 2018

 2016

 (d)

 1,109

 1,149

 —

 —

 —

 1,109

 1,149

 2012

 2014

 (e)

 1,077

 —

 1,077

 —

 1,077

 1,147

 2018

 2016

 (e)

 1,128

 1,172

 —

 ( 37)

 ( 37)

 1,128

 1,135

 2016

 2016

 (e)

 1,121

 —

 1,121

 —

 —

 —

 1,121

 —

 1,121

 —

 2016

 —

 (p)

 1,030

 1,200

 —

 ( 87)

 ( 87)

 1,030

 1,113

 2014, 2016, 2017, 2021

 2014

 (p)

 1,105

 —

 1,105

 —

 —

 —

 1,105

 —

 1,105

 —

 2014

 —

 (e)

 1,082

 —

 1,082

 —

 —

 —

 1,082

 —

 1,082

 —

 2016

 —

 (o)

 —

 —

 1,068

 2018

 2016

 (e)

 1,060

 —

 1,060

 —

 —

 —

 1,060

 —

 1,060

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 1,055

 2017

 2016

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (continued)
 ($ In Thousands)

 Initial Cost to Company

 Cost Capitalized Subsequent to
Acquisition

 Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period

 Life on Which Depreciation in
 Latest Income

 Description

 Encumbrances

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Land

 Total

 Accumulated
Depreciation

 Date of
Construction

 Date Acquired

 Statements is
Computed

 (e)

 1,065

 1,092

 —

 ( 44)

 ( 44)

 1,065

 ( 17)

 1,048

 —

 2016

 —

 (l)

 —

 1,012

 2015

 2015

 (e)

 1,007

 —

 1,007

 —

 —

 —

 1,007

 —

 1,007

 —

 2016

 —

 Florida

 (d)

 1,002

 —

 —

 —

 1,002

 2021

 2021

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 2016

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 (d)

 —

 2010, 2014, 2017, 2018

 2014

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 2019

 2016

 (d)

 —

 ( 29)

 ( 29)

 2011

 2014

 (l)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2015

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 2016

 —

 —

 —

 2022

 2022

 (p)

 —

 ( 2)

 ( 2)

 2014, 2016

 2014

 (e)

 —

 —

 2016

 2016

 (l)

 —

 —

 —

 2020

 2020

 (f)

 —

 —

 2017

 2015

 (e)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 2016

 —

 Other

 (r)

 46,995

 1,313

 48,308

 1,230

 1,240

 47,002

 2,411

 49,413

 Totals

 $ 864,178

 $ 87,479

 $ 951,657

 $ 5,673

 $ 32,857

 $ 38,530

 $ 869,848

 $ 120,204

 $ 990,052

 $ 33,048

 (b)

 Properties denoted with (b) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 13.8 million Farmer Mac Bond #6.

 Farmer Mac Bond #6

 $ 13,827

 (c)

 Properties denoted with (c) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 11.2 million Farmer Mac Bond #7.

 Farmer Mac Bond #7

 11,160

 (d)

 Properties denoted with (d) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 30.0 million Farmer Mac Facility.

 Farmer Mac Facility

 30,000

 (e)

 Properties denoted with (e) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 72.6 million MetLife Term Loan #1.

 MetLife Term Loan #1

 72,585

 (f)

 Properties denoted with (f) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 5.8 million MetLife Term Loan #4.

 MetLife Term Loan #4

 5,756

 (g)

 Properties denoted with (g) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 5.2 million MetLife Term Loan #5.

 MetLife Term Loan #5

 5,179

 (h)

 Properties denoted with (h) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 21.7 million MetLife Term Loan #6.

 MetLife Term Loan #6

 21,726

 (i)

 Properties denoted with (i) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 15.4 million MetLife Term Loan #7.

 MetLife Term Loan #7

 15,434

 (j)

 Properties denoted with (j) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 44.0 million MetLife Term Loan #8.

 MetLife Term Loan #8

 44,000

 (k)

 Properties denoted with (k) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 16.8 million MetLife Term Loan #9.

 MetLife Term Loan #9

 16,800

 (l)

 Properties denoted with (l) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 49.0 million MetLife Term Loan #10.

 MetLife Term Loan #10

 48,986

 (m)

 Properties denoted with (m) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 12.8 million MetLife Term Loan #11.

 MetLife Term Loan #11

 12,750

 (n)

 Properties denoted with (n) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 14.4 million MetLife Term Loan #12.

 MetLife Term Loan #12

 14,359

 (o)

 Properties denoted with (o) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 0.0 million MetLife Facility.

 MetLife Facility

 —

 (p)

 Properties denoted with (p) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 45.5 million Rabobank.

 Rabobank

 45,533

 (q)

 Properties denoted with (q) are part of a collateral pool for the $ 5.0 million Rutledge Facility.

 Rutledge Facility

 5,000

 $ 363,095

 (r)

 Other category is comprised of 92 farms in 7 states that on an aggregate basis make up less than 5 % of gross total land plus improvements as of December 31, 2023.

 Approximately $ 3.3 million is part of the collateral pool for Farmer Mac Bond #6

 Approximately $ 0.5 million is part of the collateral pool for Farmer Mac Bond #7

 Approximately $ 7.6 million is part of the collateral pool for Farmer Mac Facility

 Approximately $ 18.5 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Term Loan #1

 Approximately $ 2.5 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Term Loan #4

 Approximately $ 1.3 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Term Loan #5

 Approximately $ 1.5 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Term Loan #7

 Approximately $ 2.0 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Term Loan #9

 Approximately $ 2.9 million is part of the collateral pool for MetLife Facility

 Approximately $ 4.7 million is part of the collateral pool for Rabo Agrifinance Note

 (s)

 all of the above properties listed in Schedule III are farms.

 (t)

 The aggregate cost of land and depreciable property for federal income tax purposes was approximately $ 891.8 million as of December 31, 2023.

 Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
 Reconciliation of "Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation"

 Years ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 Real Estate:

 Balance at beginning of year

 $

 1,129,485

 $

 1,092,693

 Additions during period

 Additions through construction of improvements

 10,424

 Disposition of property and improvements

 ( 165,335)

 ( 23,387)

 Acquisitions through business combinations and/or asset acquisitions

 22,171

 59,450

 ( 6,693)

 —

 Balance at end of year

 $

 990,052

 $

 1,129,485

 Accumulated Depreciation:

 Balance at beginning of year

 $

 38,433

 $

 38,254

 Disposition of improvements

 ( 12,010)

 ( 6,771)

 Additions charged to costs and expenses

 7,478

 6,950

 ( 853)

 —

 Balance at end of year

 $

 33,048

 $

 38,433

 Real Estate balance per schedule

 $

 990,052

 $

 1,129,485

 Construction in progress

 4,453

 14,810

 Other non-real estate

 Balance per consolidated balance sheet

 $

 994,614

 $

 1,144,363

 Accumulated depreciation per schedule

 $

 33,048

 $

 38,433

 Other non-real estate

 Balance per consolidated balance sheet

 $

 33,083

 $

 38,447