UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K
 (Mark One)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
 OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from to

 Commission file number 001-40619

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 Delaware

 86-2831373

 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 19 Park Avenue,

 Rutherford,
 New Jersey
 07070

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 ( 201) 939-5000
 Registrant's telephone number, including area code
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Common Stock, $0.01 par value
 BLFY
 The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

 Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
 Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No

 As of March 24, 2025, there were 28,522,500 shares issued and 22,096,649 shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share.

 The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold on June 30, 2024 was $ 227.4 million.

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. (Part III)

 FORM 10-K

 PAGE

 Item 1.

 Business

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 Reserved

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owner and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 Item 15.

 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 Forward-Looking Statements
 This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as "estimate," "project," "believe," "intend," "anticipate," "plan," "seek," "expect" and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
 • statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
 • statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
 • statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
 • estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
 These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
 • inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, or reduce the fair value of financial instruments or reduce the origination levels in our lending business, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make whether held in portfolio or sold in the secondary markets;
 • general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
 • our ability to access cost-effective funding;
 • our ability to meet applicable capital requirements;
 • our ability to maintain liquidity, including the percentage of uninsured deposits in our portfolio;
 • our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic conditions;
 • changes in consumer demand, borrowing and savings habits;
 • demand for loans and deposits in our market area;
 • changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;
 • fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;
 • significant increases in our loan losses;
 • our ability to implement changes in our business strategies;
 • competition among depository and other financial institutions;
 • adverse changes in the securities markets;
 • changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
 • changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board;
 • our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
 • changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
 • our ability to retain key employees;
 • technological changes;
 • cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;
 • technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
 • the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
 • the ability of the U.S. Government to manage federal debt limits;
 • changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own;

 • our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, clients, systems and management personnel we have acquired or may acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto;
 • other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and operational factors affecting our operations, pricing products and services described elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K; and
 • the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, terrorism or other geopolitical events
 Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 Blue Foundry Bancorp
 Blue Foundry Bancorp (the "Company") is a Delaware corporation which became the holding company for Blue Foundry Bank (the "Bank") on July 15, 2021, following the completion of the mutual-to-stock conversion of Blue Foundry, MHC. In connection with the conversion, the Company sold 27,772,500 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a price of $10 per share, for gross proceeds of $277.7 million. The Company also contributed 750,000 shares of common stock and $1.5 million in cash to Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation, Inc. Shares of the Company's common stock began trading on July 16, 2021 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "BLFY."
 The Company owns all of the outstanding common stock of the Bank, and as such, is a bank holding company subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.
 Blue Foundry Bank
 The Bank is a New Jersey-chartered stock savings bank that was organized in 1939 as Boiling Springs Savings & Loan Association by the combination of the Rutherford Mutual Loan and Building Association, which had been founded in 1876, and the East Rutherford Savings, Loan and Building Association. In 1992, Boiling Springs Savings & Loan Association converted to a New Jersey-chartered mutual savings bank and became known as Boiling Springs Savings Bank. Boiling Springs Savings Bank's name was changed to Blue Foundry Bank in 2019. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had assets of $2.06 billion, net loans of $1.57 billion and deposits of $1.34 billion.
 Blue Foundry Bank's principal business consists of originating residential, multifamily, and commercial real estate mortgages, construction, commercial and industrial loans and home equity loans and lines of credit in our principal market and surrounding areas. In addition, we occasionally lend outside of our branch network in more densely populated and metropolitan areas, adding diversification to our loan portfolio. We attract retail deposits from the general public in the areas surrounding our banking offices, through our borrowers, and through our online presence, offering a wide variety of deposit products. We also invest in securities. Our revenues are derived primarily from interest on loans and, to a lesser extent, interest on mortgage-backed and other investment securities. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities and borrowings.
 Blue Foundry Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance ("NJDOBI") and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). Our website address is www.bluefoundrybank.com. Information on this website is not and should not be considered a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 Market Area
 Our market area is primarily northern New Jersey. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank operates 20 full service banking offices in Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic, and Union counties in New Jersey. The administrative offices of the Company and Bank are located at 7 Sylvan Way, Suite 200, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054. Our telephone number is (201) 939-5000.

 The economy in our primary market area benefits from being varied and diverse, with a broad economic base. New Jersey, counted among the wealthiest states in the nation with an estimated population of 9.29 million, is considered one of the most attractive banking markets in the United States. Within our primary market areas, the Bank had less than 1% of bank deposit market share as of June 30, 2024, the latest date for which statistics are available.
 We believe that we have developed products and services that meet the financial needs of our current and future customer base; however, we plan, and believe it is necessary, to continuously evaluate our products and service offerings in light of evolving expectations and make the appropriate enhancements to ensure we remain competitive in our market area. Our marketing strategies focus on the strength of our knowledge of local consumer and small to medium size business markets, as well as expanding relationships with current customers and reaching out to develop new, profitable business relationships.
 Competition
 We face significant competition for deposits and loans. Our most direct competition for deposits has come historically from the numerous financial institutions operating in our market area (including other community banks and credit unions), many of which are significantly larger than we are and have greater resources. We also face competition for depositor funds from other sources such as financial technology companies, online banks, brokerage firms, money market funds and mutual funds, as well as from securities offered by the Federal Government, such as Treasury bills. Additionally, money center banks, such as Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo and Citi, and large regional banks, such as TD Bank, M&T Bank and PNC Bank, have a significant presence in our market area.
 Our competition for loans comes primarily from the competitors referenced above and from other financial service providers, such as mortgage companies and mortgage brokers. Competition for loans also comes from the increasing number of non-depository financial service companies participating in the mortgage market, such as insurance companies, securities firms, financial technology companies, specialty finance firms and technology companies.
 We expect competition to remain intense in the future as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and the potential of consolidation in the financial services industry. Technological advances, for example, have lowered barriers to entry, allowed banks to expand their geographic reach by providing services over the internet and made it possible for non-depository institutions, including financial technology companies, to offer products and services that traditionally have been provided by banks.
 The flow of deposits is also significantly influenced by the general economic conditions. We offer a variety of deposit products that allow us to respond to customer demands and to be competitive in obtaining deposits. Our ability to attract and maintain deposits and the rates we pay on deposits will continue to be affected by market conditions.
 During the last four months of 2024, the Federal Reserve reduced the federal funds rate three times, totaling 100 basis points, to 4.50% at the end of the year. By year end 2024, inflation had declined to 2.9% from 3.4% at December 31, 2023.
 Lending Activities
 Historically, our lending activities have emphasized residential real estate loans and multifamily housing loans and such loans continue to comprise the largest portion of our loan portfolio. We have shifted our focus to engage in more commercial-like lending to include commercial mortgage loans, construction loans and commercial and industrial ("C&I") loans. C&I loans include C&I revolvers, term loans and Small Business Administration ("SBA") 7a loans. Subject to market conditions and our asset-liability analysis, we expect to continue to focus on commercial real estate and traditional C&I lending as part of our effort to diversify the loan portfolio and increase the overall yield earned on our loans. We compete for loans by offering high quality personalized service, providing convenience and flexibility, timely responses on loan applications, and by offering competitive pricing. Additionally, we have taken the opportunity to participate in unsecured consumer loans with credit enhancements. These loans provide a reasonable yield with low exposure to credit loss.

 Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio at the dates indicated.

 $
 32.72
 %
 $
 35.30
 %

 42.38
 43.74

 16.40
 14.90

 Construction and land
 5.40
 3.87

 1.61
 1.44

 Commercial and Industrial
 1.03
 0.75

 7,211
 0.46
 —

 $
 %
 $
 %

 Loan Maturity. The following tables set forth certain information at December 31, 2024 regarding the dollar amount of loan principal repayments becoming due during the periods indicated. The tables do not include any estimate of prepayments that significantly shorten the average loan life and may cause actual repayment experience to differ from that shown below. The amounts shown below include unearned loan origination fees and costs, and unamortized premium and discounts, net.

 Amounts due in

 One year or less
 More than one year through five years
 More than five years through fifteen years
 More than fifteen years
 Total

 $
 $
 7,255
 $
 139,312
 $
 371,348
 $

 29,916
 65,789
 444,215
 131,196

 14,231
 109,126
 118,426
 17,850

 79,246
 6,300
 —
 —

 —
 2,632
 22,333

 2,941
 9,741
 2,916

 7,163
 —
 7,211

 $
 126,702
 $
 198,676
 $
 714,664
 $
 543,440
 $

 Fixed vs. Adjustable Rate Loans. The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans at December 31, 2024 that are due after December 31, 2025 and have either fixed interest rates or floating or adjustable interest rates. The amounts shown below include unearned loan origination fees and costs and unamortized premium and discounts, net.

 Fixed Rates
 Floating or Adjustable Rates
 Total

 $
 347,078
 $
 170,837
 $
 517,915

 100,968
 540,232
 641,200

 104,760
 140,642
 245,402

 —
 6,300
 6,300

 7,765
 17,657

 7,284
 6,086
 13,370

 7,171
 —
 7,171

 $
 575,026
 $
 881,754
 $
 1,456,780

 Residential Real Estate Loans. Our residential loan portfolio consists of mortgage loans that enable borrowers to purchase or refinance existing homes, most of which serve as the primary residence of the borrower. At December 31, 2024, residential real estate loans totaled $518.2 million, or 32.7% of our total loan portfolio, and consisted of $347.1 million of fixed-rate loans and $170.8 million of adjustable-rate loans.
 We offer fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential real estate loans with maturities up to 30 years. The residential mortgage loans we are currently originating are generally underwritten according to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines and we refer to loans that conform to such guidelines as "conforming loans." We generally originate both fixed and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits. We currently originate loans above the conforming limits up to a maximum amount of $3.0 million, which are referred to as "jumbo loans." We generally underwrite jumbo loans, whether originated or purchased, in a manner similar to conforming loans. At December 31, 2024, our largest residential loan totaled $3.7 million, is secured by single family home located on approximately 53 acres of property and was not performing in accordance with its original terms.
 Our adjustable-rate residential real estate loans have interest rates that are fixed for an initial period ranging from three to ten years. After the initial fixed period, the interest rate on adjustable-rate residential real estate loans is generally reset periodically based on a contractual spread or margin above the average yield on U.S. Treasury securities. Our adjustable-rate residential real estate loans can have initial and periodic caps of up to 2.0% on interest rate changes, with a current cap on total increases of 6.0% over the life of the loan.
 We originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of generally up to 80% to 90% of the appraised value, depending on the size of the loan. We may originate loans with loan-to-value ratios that exceed 90% depending upon the product type. Mortgage insurance is required for all mortgage loans that have a loan-to-value ratio greater than 80%. The required insurance coverage amount varies based on the loan-to-value ratio and term of the loan. We only permit borrowers to purchase mortgage insurance from companies that have been approved by Blue Foundry Bank.
 We generally do not offer "interest only" mortgage loans on residential properties or loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as "Option ARM" loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. Additionally, we do not offer "subprime loans" (loans that are made with low down-payments to borrowers with weakened credit histories typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments, bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burden ratios) or Alt-A loans (defined as loans having less than full documentation).

 Multifamily Loans. At December 31, 2024, we had $671.1 million in multifamily loans, representing 42.4% of our total loan portfolio. Our multifamily loans are secured primarily by apartment buildings having five or more units, most of which are located in our primary market area.
 Currently, we originate multifamily loans with maximum terms of 10 years based on amortization periods between 25 and 30 years. We have a portfolio of legacy multifamily loans with terms up to 30 years. We generally limit loan-to-value ratios to less than 75% of the appraised value of the property for multifamily loans. Our multifamily loans are offered with fixed and adjustable rate interest terms. All multifamily loans are subject to our underwriting procedures and guidelines.
 Repayment of multifamily loans is primarily dependent on cash flow from the collateral property sufficient to satisfy operating expenses and debt service. Future increases in interest rates, increases in vacancy rates on multifamily residential or commercial buildings and other economic events, such as unemployment rates, which are outside the control of the borrower, or the Bank, could negatively impact the future net operating income of such properties. Similarly, government regulations, such as the existing New York City Rent Regulation and Rent Stabilization laws, could limit future increases in the revenue from these buildings. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has approximately $107.7 million, or 7.4% of total loans, in New York multifamily loans that have some form of rent stabilization or rent control. At December 31, 2024, our largest multifamily loan totaled $23.8 million and was performing in accordance with its original terms.
 Commercial Real Estate Loans. At December 31, 2024, we had $259.6 million in commercial real estate loans, representing 16.4% of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans are secured primarily by industrial facilities, retail facilities and other commercial properties, most of which are located in our primary market area. Of these loans, $77.0 million are owner-occupied.
 At December 31, 2024, our total commercial real estate loan portfolio was comprised of less than 2% in office space, none of which was in New York City.
 Commercial real estate loans are underwritten to asset specific guidelines in accordance to policy with the loan-to-value ratio limit generally being 75% of the appraised value of the property. At December 31, 2024, our largest commercial real estate loan totaled $23.9 million and was secured by a grocery-anchored shopping center. At December 31, 2024, this loan was performing in accordance with its original terms.
 Construction Loans. We make construction loans, primarily to contractors and builders of multifamily and mixed-use projects and other commercial and industrial real estate projects. At December 31, 2024, our construction loans totaled $85.5 million, representing 5.4% of our total loan portfolio and our largest construction loan totaled $21.9 million, secured by a mid-rise apartment complex surrounding a four-story parking deck. At December 31, 2024, this loan was performing in accordance with its original terms. Once a construction project is satisfactorily completed, we look to provide permanent financing.
 Junior Liens and Consumer Loans. We generally offer consumer loans to customers residing in our market area. Our consumer loans and junior liens consist primarily of home equity loans and lines of credit. At December 31, 2024, junior liens totaled $25.4 million, or 1.6% of our total loan portfolio and consumer loans totaled $7.2 million, or 0.5% of the total loan portfolio. The portfolio included a consumer loan participation that was entered into during the year.
 Home equity loans and lines of credit are multi-purpose loans used to finance various home or personal needs, where a one-to-four family primary or secondary residence serves as collateral. We generally originate home equity loans and lines of credit of up to $500,000 with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80% (75% if the loan is for a condo) and terms of up to 20 years. Home equity lines of credit have adjustable rates of interest that are based on the prime rate, as published in The Wall Street Journal. Home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate in a first or second lien position.
 The procedures for underwriting consumer loans include assessing the applicant's payment history on other indebtedness, the applicant's ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan, and the loan-to-value ratio of the collateral property. Although the applicant's creditworthiness is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, to the proposed loan amount.

 We participate or purchase consumer loans from a national company that specializes in loans to professionals. In underwriting the loans, we review credit scores, debt service coverage, debt to income, years in industry and other factors. We also receive a 3% loss pool and implied corporate credit support to replace or repay defaulted transactions.
 Commercial and Industrial Loans. We typically originate commercial business loans on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower's business, the experience and stability of the borrower's management team, earnings projections, and the value and marketability of any collateral securing the loan. Business loans and lines of credit inherently have more risk of loss than real estate secured loans, in part because business loans may be more complex to underwrite than mortgages, and some of the loans or portions thereof may be unsecured. These loans are more likely to be reliant on the cashflow and solvency of the business. The value of collateral may not be adequate to cover the value of the loan and may be severely impacted by the performance of the business. If a decline in economic conditions or other issues cause difficulties for our business borrowers or we fail to evaluate the credit of the loan accurately when we underwrite the loan, it could result in delinquencies or defaults and a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by a variety of collateral, primarily accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself and the general economic environment in our market area. Therefore, commercial and industrial loans that we originate may have greater credit risk than residential real estate loans or, generally, consumer loans. In addition, commercial and industrial loans generally require substantially greater evaluation and oversight efforts.
 The Bank is a certified SBA lender and is a participant in SBA lending programs which typically provides guarantees of up to 75% of the principal on the underlying loans. We provide loans under the 7(a) Loan Program, the SBA's most common loan program. We may sell a portion of these loans in the secondary market.
 At December 31, 2024, we had $16.3 million of commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and industrial loans represent 1.0% of our total loan portfolio. We offer term loans, lines of credit and revolving lines of credit with varying maturity terms to small businesses in our market area to finance short-term working capital needs such as accounts receivable and inventory. Our commercial lines of credit are typically structured with variable rates. We generally obtain personal guarantees with respect to all commercial and industrial loans. At December 31, 2024, the average loan size of our commercial and industrial loans was $816 thousand, and our largest outstanding commercial and industrial loan balance was a $5.4 million conventional C&I term loan to a meal delivery organization. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2024.
 Originations, Purchases and Participations of Loans
 Loan origination activities are conducted by our commercial and consumer bankers and throughout the branch network. We market, network and call on prospective customers and centers of influence to originate loans. We also obtain referrals from existing and former customers and from accountants, real estate brokers, builders and attorneys. All loans that we originate or purchase are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures, which, for residential loans, generally incorporate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines to the extent applicable. We originate both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans. Our ability to originate fixed or adjustable-rate loans depends upon the relative customer demand for such loans, which is affected by current market interest rates as well as anticipated future market interest rates. Our loan origination and purchase activity may be adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment, which typically results in decreased loan demand.

 We consider a number of factors in originating multifamily and commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower (including credit history), profitability and expertise, as well as the value and condition of the mortgaged property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower's experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower's payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, we consider a number of factors, including the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service) to ensure that it is at least 1.25x, subject to certain exceptions, and the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property. All loans are appraised by outside independent and qualified appraisers that are duly approved in accordance with Blue Foundry Bank policy. Loans are monitored on an ongoing basis, based on policy requirements, often requiring updated financial statements.
 During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, loan originations totaled $116.0 million and $119.6 million, respectively.
 The Bank may purchase residential loans through its residential loan purchase program to supplement originations. All residential loans purchased were within New Jersey and were underwritten to FNMA standards, a comparable underwriting standard as internally-originated loans. Loan purchases totaled $21.6 million and $6.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 We purchase whole loans and participate in loans originated by other institutions. Generally, our analysis for purchase and participation transactions follows underwriting policies as if we originated the loan directly. However, for loans that we participate in, we are subject to the lead financial institution's policies and practices related to items such as, monitoring, collection and default. At December 31, 2024 the outstanding balances of our loan participations where we are not the lead lender totaled $175.5 million, or 11.1% of our loan portfolio. All such loans were performing at December 31, 2024 in accordance with their original repayment terms.
 Credit Policy and Procedures
 Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. Our lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory, underwriting standards and loan origination policies established by management and approved by our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has granted loan approval authority to certain officers up to prescribed limits, depending on the officer's title, experience, and the type of loan.
 Loan approval authorities are dictated by factors such as the loan type, loan size, cumulative credit exposure (to a particular relationship) and the presence of any policy exceptions. All loans are independently underwritten. Commercial loans are further reviewed and acknowledged by the Chief Credit Officer or designee. Loans are then presented for approval to the appropriate authority. Under our current policy, no loan may be approved by a single officer. At a minimum, two officers are required to approve a loan, at least one of whom is a voting member of the Loan Committee. Depending upon certain factors, such as the size of the loan request, escalating loan approval authorities may be required. In such cases, approval by the Loan Committee or Loan Oversight Committee may be required. For commercial loans, a minimum of three approvals are required (two of which must include the Head of Commercial Banking or Head of Consumer Banking and Chief Credit Officer), with a third approval from any voting member of the Loan Committee.
 Loans to One Borrower. Pursuant to New Jersey law, the aggregate amount of loans that the Bank is permitted to make to any one borrower or a group of related borrowers is generally limited to 15% of the Bank's capital, surplus fund and undivided profits (25% if the amount in excess of 15% is secured by "readily marketable collateral"). At December 31, 2024, based on the 15% limitation, the Bank's loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $45.4 million, our internal policy limit was $40.9 million, representing 90% of the 15% limit. On the same date, the Bank had no borrowers with outstanding balances in excess of this amount. At December 31, 2024, our largest loan relationship with a single borrower was for $33.6 million, which consisted of one loan secured by non-residential, non-owner occupied real estate and seven loans secured by multifamily real estate, each of which was performing in accordance with its terms.

 Delinquencies and Asset Quality
 Delinquency Procedures. When a borrower fails to make a required monthly loan payment by the last day of the month, and upon expiration of any applicable grace period, a late notice is generated stating the payment and late charges due. Until such time as payment is made collection efforts continue with additional phone calls and escalating collection notices. Loan delinquencies more than 30 days past due are reported to the Board of Directors monthly.
 If repayment is doubtful or not possible, a notice of intent to foreclose will be issued for residential loans, or an acceleration notice will be issued for commercial loans, and the account will be administered by our Asset Recovery Department with oversight and guidance from our counsel. Once issued for residential loans, the notice of intent to foreclose typically allows the borrower a period to cure the default. Once issued for commercial loans, a grace period may be granted in accordance with the loan's terms. If payment is made and the loan is brought current, foreclosure proceedings are discontinued, and the borrower is permitted to continue to make payments. If the borrower does not cure the default, we will initiate foreclosure proceedings.
 Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Management determines that a loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for credit losses on loans is based on present value of expected future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no loans 90 days past due and still accruing. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.
 Other Real Estate Owned ("REO"). When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu transaction, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Soon after acquisition, we order a new appraisal to determine the current market value of the property. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for credit losses on loans. Subsequent remeasurement resulting in a charge-off would be expensed in the current period. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. At December 31, 2024, the Company had no REO and had one residential loan with a carrying value of $593 thousand in REO at December 31, 2023.
 Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies, including non-accrual loans, by type and amount at the dates indicated.

 60-89 Days
 90 Days or More
 60-89 Days
 90 Days or More

 Number of Loans
 Principal Balance
 Number of Loans
 Principal Balance
 Number of Loans
 Principal Balance
 Number of Loans
 Principal Balance

 $
 $
 3,892
 $
 $
 3,926

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Commercial and Industrial
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 $
 4,056
 $
 $
 4,014

 Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.

 Non-Performing Assets:

 Non-accrual loans:

 $
 4,377
 $
 5,884

 —

 Commercial and Industrial

 Total non-performing loans
 5,104
 6,118

 Real estate owned
 —

 Total non-performing assets
 $
 5,104
 $
 6,711

 Total non-performing loans to total loans
 0.33
 %
 0.39
 %

 Total non-performing loans to total assets
 0.25
 %
 0.30
 %

 Total non-performing assets to total assets
 0.25
 %
 0.33
 %

 Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered to be of lesser quality, as substandard, doubtful or loss. An asset is considered substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that they are charged-off. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as special mention by our management.
 When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish specific allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as "loss," it is required to charge-off such amount. An institution's determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.
 In connection with the filing of our periodic reports with the FDIC and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

 The following table sets forth our amounts of special mention and classified loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

 $
 6,503
 $
 1,567

 5,222
 6,118

 Doubtful
 —
 —

 Loss
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 11,725
 $
 7,685

 At December 31, 2024, special mention loans included one mixed-use, multifamily loan totaling $5.4 million, one commercial real estate loan totaling $828 thousand, two residential loans totaling $264 thousand and one junior lien totaling $43 thousand. As of December 31, 2024, these loans were all performing with terms. At December 31, 2024, substandard loans represent six residential loans totaling $4.4 million, three commercial and industrial loans totaling $578 thousand, one multifamily loan totaling $118 thousand and one junior lien loan totaling $149 thousand. At December 31, 2023, special mention loans included two residential family loans totaling $663 thousand and one commercial real estate loan totaling $904 thousand. Substandard loans at December 31, 2023, included nine residential loans totaling $5.9 million, one multifamily real estate loan totaling $146 thousand and one junior lien loan totaling $49 thousand.
 Allowance for Credit Losses
 Under ASU 2016-13, the Company's methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses on loans is based upon key assumptions, including the lookback period, historical loss experience, economic forecasts over a reasonable and supportable forecast period, reversion period, prepayments and qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a description of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and the Company's allowance methodology.
 In addition, the NJDOBI and the FDIC periodically review our allowance for credit losses on loans and as a result of such reviews, they may require us to adjust our allowance for credit losses on loans or recognize loan charge-offs.

 The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated.

 2024
 2023

 Allowance for credit losses on loans at beginning of period
 $
 $
 13,400

 Impact of adoption 2016-13
 —

 Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses on loans
 (1,144)

 Charge-offs:

 —
 (18)

 (56)
 (46)

 Total charge-offs
 (56)
 (64)

 Recoveries:

 Total recoveries

 Net charge-offs
 (45)
 (60)

 Allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period
 $
 $

 Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans at end of period
 254.02
 %
 231.35
 %

 Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans outstanding at end of period
 0.83
 0.91

 Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during period
 —
 —

 Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses on loans allocated by loan category and the percent of the allowance in each category to the total allocated allowance at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses on loans allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

 Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance
 Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans
 Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance
 Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans

 $
 1,989
 15.34
 %
 32.72
 %
 $
 1,968
 13.90
 %
 35.30
 %

 6,609
 50.98
 %
 42.38
 %
 7,046
 49.79
 %
 43.74
 %

 3,641
 28.08
 %
 16.40
 %
 3,748
 26.48
 %
 14.90
 %

 Construction and land
 3.55
 %
 5.40
 %
 1,222
 8.63
 %
 3.87
 %

 0.84
 %
 1.61
 %
 0.54
 %
 1.44
 %

 1.21
 %
 1.03
 %
 0.66
 %
 0.75
 %

 Consumer and other (1)
 —
 —
 %
 0.46
 %
 —
 —
 %
 —
 %

 Total allowance for credit losses on loans
 $
 %
 %
 $
 %
 %

 (1) Consumer and other includes the consumer loan participation that provided credit enhancement, which based upon our analysis was sufficient to cover the expected credit losses under that portfolio.

 Investment Activities
 General. The goals of our investment policy are generally to provide liquidity, mitigate interest rate risk, ensure the safety of principal, provide earnings and meet pledging requirements. Subject to loan demand and our interest rate risk analysis, we may increase the balance of our securities portfolio.
 Our investment policy was adopted and is reviewed annually by the Board of Directors. All investment decisions are made by senior management in accordance with board-approved policies. The Treasurer provides an investment schedule detailing the investment portfolio, which is regularly reviewed by the Board of Directors.
 Our current investment policy permits, with certain limitations, investments in: U.S. Treasury securities; securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies or government sponsored enterprises including mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac; corporate and municipal bonds; private label mortgage-backed securities and privately issued asset-backed securities; certificates of deposit in other financial institutions; federal funds and money market funds.
 At December 31, 2024, our securities portfolio consisted of investment-grade securities. Approximately 60% of the portfolio is either 100% guaranteed by the U.S. government or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The remaining 40% consisted of corporate bonds, municipal bonds, privately issued asset-backed securities and other investment securities. Approximately 90% of our securities portfolio was classified as available-for-sale, with the remaining 10% classified as held-to-maturity.

 Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The following table sets forth the stated maturities and weighted average yields of investment securities at December 31, 2024. Weighted average yields on tax-exempt securities presented exclude the tax equivalent yield. Certain securities have adjustable interest rates and will reprice at least annually within the various maturity ranges. These repricing schedules are not reflected in the table below. Weighted average yield calculations on investment securities available-for-sale do not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected as a component of equity.

 One Year or Less
 More than One Year to Five Years
 More than Five Years to Ten Years
 More than Ten Years
 Total

 Available-for-sale:

 U.S. Treasury Note
 $
 34,324
 4.53
 %
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 6,935
 1.28
 %
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 41,259
 40,139
 3.99
 %

 17,539
 3.07
 %
 18,332
 4.76
 %
 33,251
 5.69
 %
 6,000
 3.75
 %
 75,122
 73,154
 4.72
 %

 —
 —
 %
 1.41
 %
 —
 —
 %
 —
 —
 %
 1.41
 %

 State and municipal obligations

 2.24
 %
 3,792
 2.46
 %
 1.49
 %
 2.10
 %
 6,357
 6,024
 2.26
 %

 2.34
 %
 28,136
 3.39
 %
 129,538
 2.58
 %
 14,059
 1.97
 %
 171,754
 149,041
 2.70
 %

 2,274
 5.16
 %
 11,837
 4.78
 %
 5,665
 2.52
 %
 —
 —
 %
 19,776
 4.18
 %

 5,000
 6.69
 %
 1,517
 0.90
 %
 2,795
 5.95
 %
 —
 —
 %
 9,312
 9,115
 5.53
 %

 Total available-for-sale
 $
 59,900
 4.28
 %
 $
 64,488
 3.88
 %
 $
 179,017
 3.16
 %
 $
 21,049
 2.48
 %
 $
 324,454
 $
 3.49
 %

 Securities held-to-maturity:

 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 4.06
 %
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 4.06
 %

 —
 —
 %
 1.62
 %
 —
 —
 %
 —
 —
 %
 1.62
 %

 Total held-to-maturity
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 1.62
 %
 $
 4.06
 %
 $
 —
 —
 %
 $
 $
 2.99
 %

 Other Investments. At December 31, 2024, other investments primarily consisted of membership and activity-based shares in FHLB stock. As a member of FHLB, we are required to purchase stock in the FHLB, which stock is carried at cost and classified as other investment securities. Other investments also consist of, to a much lesser extent, an investment in a financial technology fund carried at net asset value and shares in a cooperative that provides community banking core technology solutions, carried at cost.
 Sources of Funds
 General. Deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for our lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings, primarily FHLB advances, to supplement cash flows, as needed. In addition, funds are derived from principal and interest payments on loans and securities, loan and security prepayments and maturities, brokered deposits, income on other earning assets and retained earnings. While cash flows from loans and securities payments can be a relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and competition.
 Deposit Accounts. The majority of our deposits are from depositors who reside in our primary market area. We attract deposit customers by offering a broad selection of deposit products for individuals and businesses, designed to meet a wide spectrum of savings needs.
 The terms of our deposit accounts depend on several factors, including the minimum balance required, the duration for which funds must remain on deposit in the account, desired customer behaviors and interest rate. When setting these terms, we take into account the products, features and rates offered by competitors, our liquidity needs, profitability and the preferences of our customers.
 We may supplement customer deposits with brokered and listed deposits. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, brokered deposits totaled $155.0 million and $125.0 million, respectively. There were no listed deposits at December 31, 2024, while listed deposits totaled $11.4 million at December 31, 2023.
 The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market and other prevailing interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts offered allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand. Based on experience, we believe that our deposits are relatively stable. However, the ability to attract and maintain deposits and the rates paid on these deposits, has been and will continue to be significantly affected by market conditions.
 The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposits by account type at the dates indicated.

 Non-interest bearing deposits
 $
 26,001
 1.94
 %
 27,739
 2.23
 %

 NOW and demand accounts
 369,554
 27.51
 361,139
 29.01

 Savings
 240,426
 17.90
 259,402
 20.84

 52.65
 596,624
 47.92

 Total
 $
 1,343,320
 %
 $
 1,244,904
 %

 As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits (amounts in excess of the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance) was $270.8 million, or 20.16% of total deposits. Uninsured deposits totaling $83.8 million were deposits of the Company and its subsidiaries and $39.3 million were municipal deposits covered by supplemental insurance on such deposits under New Jersey's Governmental Unit Deposit Protection Act.

 The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits in excess of $250,000 at December 31, 2024.

 Maturity Period:
 (in thousands)

 Three months or less
 $
 81,044

 Over three through six months
 36,961

 Over six through twelve months
 16,457

 Over twelve months

 Total
 $
 134,733

 Borrowings. Our borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB. At December 31, 2024, we had the ability to borrow approximately $614.0 million under our credit facilities with the FHLB, of which $339.5 million was advanced. Borrowings from the FHLB are secured by loans pledged at the FHLB. We can borrow at the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") Discount Window up to the amount of collateral pledged. At December 31, 2024, we had $107.7 million pledged at the FRB. We also have an unsecured line of $30.0 million with a correspondent bank.
 Subsidiary Activities
 Blue Foundry Bancorp has one direct subsidiary, Blue Foundry Bank.
 At December 31, 2024, Blue Foundry Bank had one active corporate subsidiary, Blue Foundry Investment Company, a New Jersey corporation formed to manage and invest in securities. The Bank also has two inactive subsidiaries, TrackView LLC and Blue Foundry, LLC, each a limited liability company formed under New Jersey law to hold certain real estate owned.
 Employees and Human Capital Resources
 At December 31, 2024 we employed 184 employees, nearly all of whom are full-time and of which approximately 59% are women. At December 31, 2023, we employed 179 employees. As a financial institution, approximately 40% of our employees are employed at our branch offices, and another 4% are employed at our customer care call center. The success of our business is highly dependent on our employees, who provide value to our customers and communities through their dedication to our mission, which is helping customers achieve financial security. Our workplace culture is grounded in a set of core values – a concern for others, trust, respect, hard work, and a dedication to our customers. We seek to hire well-qualified employees who are also a good fit for our value system. Our selection and promotion processes are without bias and include the active recruitment of minorities, women, individuals with disabilities and veterans, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, LGBTQ+, national origin, disability or protected veteran status.
 We encourage and support the growth and development of our employees and, wherever possible, seek to fill positions by promotion and transfer from within the organization. Continual training and career development is advanced through regular performance discussions between employees and their managers, internally developed training programs, customized corporate training engagements and educational reimbursement programs. Reimbursement is available to employees enrolled in pre-approved degree or certification programs at accredited institutions that teach skills or knowledge relevant to our business.
 The Bank offers employees a comprehensive health benefits package and structures its bonus program to create meaningful performance-based incentives. To encourage retirement savings, the Bank provides a 401(k) match on up to 6% of an employee's salary. Eligible employees are automatically enrolled in the plan and 3% of the employee's total taxable compensation is withheld with annual 1% escalations up to 6%. Employees may opt out at any time. In addition, our Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") gives employees an opportunity to accumulate shares of our common stock and is 100% funded by the Company.
 The safety, health and wellness of our employees is a top priority. We promote the health and wellness of our employees by strongly encouraging work-life balance, offering flexible work schedules and sponsoring various wellness programs. Our state-of-the-art administrative offices offer our employees access to an onsite gym at no cost and access to a shuttle to and from public transportation. Our offices are equipped with stand-up desks, and the mindfulness room provides a place for employees to take a quiet break from their busy day. Nursing moms have access to a lactation room equipped with a refrigerator and sink for their privacy and convenience.

 Supervision and Regulation
 The Company and the Bank operate in the highly-regulated banking industry. This regulation establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which a bank holding company and New Jersey savings bank may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the Deposit Insurance Fund and depositors.
 Set forth below is a brief description of certain material regulatory requirements that are applicable to the Bank and the Company. The description is not intended to be a complete list or description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on the Bank and the Company.
 Blue Foundry Bank
 As a New Jersey-chartered savings bank, the Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation by the NJDOBI, as its chartering authority and, as a federally insured nonmember institution, by the FDIC. The Bank is a member of the FHLB and its deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. The Bank is required to file reports with, and is periodically examined by, the FDIC and the NJDOBI concerning its activities and financial condition and must obtain regulatory approvals before entering into certain transactions, including mergers with or acquisitions of other financial institutions. The regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies regarding classifying assets and establishing an adequate allowance for credit losses on loans for regulatory purposes.
 New Jersey Banking Laws and Supervision
 Activity Powers. The Bank derives its lending, investment and other activity powers primarily from the New Jersey Banking Act and its related regulations. Under these laws and regulations, savings banks, including the Bank, generally may invest in:
 • real estate mortgages;
 • consumer and commercial loans;
 • specific types of debt securities, including certain corporate debt securities and obligations of federal, state and local governments and agencies;
 • certain types of corporate equity securities; and
 • certain other assets.
 A savings bank may also make other investments pursuant to "leeway" authority that permits investments not otherwise permitted by the New Jersey Banking Act. Leeway investments must comply with a number of limitations on the individual and aggregate amounts of leeway investments. A savings bank may also exercise trust powers upon approval of the NJDOBI. Savings banks also may exercise those powers, rights, benefits or privileges authorized for national banks or out-of-state banks or for federal or out-of-state savings banks or savings associations, provided that before exercising any such power, right, benefit or privilege, prior approval by the NJDOBI by regulation or by specific authorization is required. The exercise of these lending, investment and activity powers is limited by federal law and regulations. See "Federal Bank Regulation Activities and Investments" below. Certain corporate transactions by a savings bank, such as establishing branches and acquiring other banks, require the prior approval of the NJDOBI.
 Loans-to-One-Borrower Limitations. With certain specified exceptions, a New Jersey-chartered savings bank may not make loans or extend credit to a single borrower or to entities related to the borrower in an aggregate amount that would exceed 15% of the bank's capital funds. A savings bank may lend an additional 10% of the bank's capital funds if secured by collateral meeting the requirements of the New Jersey Banking Act. The Bank currently complies with applicable loans-to-one-borrower limitations.
 Dividends. Under the New Jersey Banking Act, a stock savings bank may declare and pay a dividend on its capital stock only to the extent that the payment of the dividend would not impair the capital stock of the savings bank. In addition, a savings bank may not pay a dividend unless the savings bank would have a surplus of not less than 50% of its capital stock after the payment of the dividend or, alternatively, the payment of the dividend would not reduce the surplus. Federal law may also limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. See "Federal Bank Regulation - Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action" below.

 Minimum Capital Requirements. Regulations of the NJDOBI impose on New Jersey-chartered depository institutions, including the Bank, minimum capital requirements generally similar to those imposed by the FDIC on insured state banks. See "Federal Bank Regulation - Capital Requirements."
 Examination and Enforcement. The NJDOBI may examine the Bank as it deems advisable. It typically examines the Bank at least every two years, typically alternating exams with the FDIC such that the Bank is subject to regulatory examination every year. Regulated institutions are assessed for expenses incurred by the NJDOBI.
 The NJDOBI has authority to enforce applicable law and prevent practices that may cause harm to an institution, including the issuance of cease and desist orders and civil money penalties and removal of directors, officers and employees. The NJDOBI also has authority to appoint a conservator or receiver for a savings bank under certain circumstances such as insolvency or unsafe or unsound condition to transact business.
 Federal Bank Regulation
 Supervision and Enforcement Authority. The Bank is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by the FDIC as its primary federal prudential regulator and the insurer of its deposits. The regulatory structure gives the FDIC extensive discretion in connection with its supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of an adequate allowance for credit losses on loans for regulatory purposes.
 The Bank must file reports with the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition. It must also obtain prior FDIC approval before entering into certain corporate transactions such as establishing new branches and mergers with, or acquisitions of, other financial institutions. There are periodic examinations by the FDIC to evaluate the Bank's safety and soundness and compliance with various regulatory requirements.
 The FDIC maintains substantial enforcement authority over regulated institutions. That includes, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, issue cease and desist orders and remove directors and officers. In general, enforcement actions against institutions may be initiated in response to violations of laws and regulations or unsafe or unsound practices; the FDIC may also bring enforcement actions against directors and officers on these bases and for breaches of fiduciary duty. The FDIC may also appoint itself as conservator or receiver for an insured bank under specified circumstances, including: (1) insolvency; (2) substantial dissipation of assets or earnings through violations of law or unsafe or unsound practices; (3) the existence of an unsafe or unsound condition to transact business; (4) insufficient capital; or (5) the incurrence of losses that will deplete substantially all of the institution's capital with no reasonable prospect of replenishment without federal assistance.
 Capital Requirements. Under FDIC regulations, the Bank must meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio, and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. The capital requirements are based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"). The FDIC also has authority to establish individual minimum capital requirements in appropriate cases upon determination that an institution's capital level is, or is likely to become, inadequate in light of the particular circumstances.

 The capital standards require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted asset ratios of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively, and a leverage ratio of at least 4% Tier 1 capital. Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common shareholders' equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and Additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital generally includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus Additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for credit losses on loans limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI"), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). The Bank exercised the opt-out election regarding the treatment of AOCI. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.
 In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, a bank's assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests), are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on perceived risks inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors.
 In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if an institution does not hold a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5%, effectively resulting in the following minimum ratios: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, (2) a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 8.5%, and (3) a total capital ratio of 10.5%.
 Federal legislation enacted in 2018 required the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, to adopt a rule implementing a simplified "community bank leverage" ratio alternative for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion that meet other specified criteria. Pursuant to federal legislation enacted in 2020, the community bank leverage ratio was set at 9% for 2022 and thereafter. A qualifying community bank that exercises the election and has capital equal to or exceeding the applicable percentage is considered compliant with all applicable regulatory capital requirements. Qualifying institutions may elect to utilize the community bank leverage ratio in lieu of the generally applicable risk-based capital requirements.
 A qualifying institution may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank has not opted into the community bank leverage ratio framework.
 At December 31, 2024, the Bank exceeded each of its applicable capital requirements.
 Standards for Safety and Soundness. As required by statute, the federal banking agencies have adopted final regulations and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness. The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. The guidelines address internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, credit underwriting, loan documentation, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings and compensation, fees and benefits. The agencies have also established standards for safeguarding customer information. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.

 Activities and Investments. Federal law provides that a state-chartered bank insured by the FDIC generally may not engage as a principal in any activity not permissible for a national bank to conduct or make any equity investment of a type or in an amount not authorized for national banks, notwithstanding state law, subject to certain exceptions. For example, state-chartered banks may, with FDIC approval, continue to exercise state authority to invest in common or preferred stocks listed on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq Market and to invest in shares of investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The maximum permissible investment is 100% of Tier 1 capital, as specified by the FDIC's regulations, or the maximum amount permitted by New Jersey law, whichever is less. Such grandfathered authority terminates upon a change in the institution's charter or a change in control.
 In addition, the FDIC is authorized to permit a state-chartered bank or savings bank to engage in state-authorized activities or investments not permissible for national banks (other than non-subsidiary equity investments) if it meets all applicable capital requirements and it is determined that the activities or investments involved do not pose a significant risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund. The FDIC has adopted procedures for institutions seeking approval to engage in such activities or investments. In addition, a nonmember bank may control a subsidiary that engages in activities as principal that would only be permitted for a national bank to conduct in a "financial subsidiary" if a bank meets specified conditions and deducts its investment in the subsidiary for regulatory capital purposes.
 Interstate Banking and Branching. Federal law permits well capitalized and well managed bank holding companies to acquire banks in any state, subject to Federal Reserve Board approval, certain concentration limits and other specified conditions. Interstate mergers of banks are also authorized, subject to regulatory approval and other specified conditions. In addition, banks may establish de novo branches on an interstate basis at any location where a bank chartered under the laws of the branch location host state may establish a branch.
 Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action. Federal law requires, among other things, that federal bank regulatory authorities take "prompt corrective action" with respect to banks that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For these purposes, the law establishes five capital categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized.
 The FDIC has adopted regulations to implement the prompt corrective action legislation. An institution is considered "well capitalized" if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater and a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater. An institution is considered "adequately capitalized" if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% or greater. An institution is considered "undercapitalized" if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 4.0% or a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of less than 4.5%. An institution is considered "significantly undercapitalized" if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 3.0% or a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of less than 3.0%. An institution is considered "critically undercapitalized" if it has a ratio of tangible equity (as defined in the regulations) to total assets equal to or less than 2.0%. At December 31, 2024, the Bank was classified as a "well capitalized" institution under these definitions.
 At each successive lower capital category, an insured depository institution is subject to additional operating restrictions, including limits on growth and a prohibition on the payment of dividends and other capital distributions. Furthermore, if an insured depository institution is classified in one of the undercapitalized categories, it is required to submit a capital restoration plan to the appropriate federal banking agency. An undercapitalized bank's compliance with a capital restoration plan must be guaranteed by any company that controls the undercapitalized institution in an amount equal to the lesser of 5.0% of the institution's total assets when deemed undercapitalized or the amount necessary to achieve the status of adequately capitalized. If an "undercapitalized" bank fails to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan, it is treated as if it is "significantly undercapitalized." "Significantly undercapitalized" banks must comply with one or more of a number of possible additional restrictions, including an order by the FDIC to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized, reduce total assets, cease receipt of deposits from correspondent banks, dismiss directors or officers, or to limit interest rates paid on deposits, compensation of executive officers or capital distributions by the parent holding company. "Critically undercapitalized" institutions are subject to additional measures including, subject to a narrow exception,

 the appointment of a receiver or conservator within 270 days after they are determined to be critically undercapitalized.
 A bank that is classified as well-capitalized, adequately capitalized or undercapitalized may be treated as though it were in the next lower capital category if the FDIC, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that an unsafe or unsound condition, or an unsafe or unsound practice, warrants such treatment.
 Transaction with Affiliates and Regulation W / Loans to Insiders and Regulation O. Transactions between banks and their affiliates are governed by federal law. Generally, Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act, applicable to FDIC-insured state nonmember banks by Section 18(j) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, and the Federal Reserve Board's Regulation W prohibit a bank and its subsidiaries from engaging in a "covered transaction" with an affiliate if the aggregate amount of covered transactions outstanding with that affiliate, including the proposed transaction, would exceed an amount equal to 10.0% of the bank's capital stock and surplus. The aggregate amount of covered transactions outstanding with all affiliates is limited to 20.0% of the bank's capital stock and surplus. The term "covered transaction" includes, among other things, making loans to, purchasing assets from, and issuing guarantees to an affiliate, as well as other similar transactions. In addition, loans or other extensions of credit by a bank to an affiliate are required to be collateralized according to the requirements set forth in Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act applies to "covered transactions," as well as to certain other transactions, and requires that all such transactions be on terms and under circumstances that are substantially the same as, or at least as favorable to, the institution as prevailing market terms for comparable transactions with or involving a non-affiliate. Section 23B transactions also include the bank's providing services and selling assets to an affiliate.
 A bank's loans to its executive officers, directors, any owner of 10% or more of its stock (each, an insider) and any of certain entities controlled by any such person (an insider's related interests), as well as loans to insiders of affiliates and such insiders' related interests, are subject to the conditions and limitations imposed by Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation, Regulation O, as made applicable to FDIC-insured state nonmember banks by Section 18(j) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and FDIC regulations. Under these restrictions, the aggregate amount of the loans to any insider and the insider's related interests may not exceed the loans-to-one-borrower limit applicable to national banks, which is comparable to the loans-to-one-borrower limit applicable to the Bank's loans. See "New Jersey Banking Laws and Supervision—Loans-to-One Borrower Limitations." All loans by a bank to all insiders and insiders' related interests in the aggregate may not exceed the bank's unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. Loans to an executive officer, other than loans for the education of the officer's children and certain loans secured by the officer's residence, may not exceed the greater of $25,000 or 2.5% of the bank's unimpaired capital and surplus, and in no event may exceed $100,000. Regulation O requires that any proposed loan to an insider, or a related interest of that insider, be approved in advance by a majority of the Board of Directors of the bank, with any interested directors not participating directly or indirectly in the voting, if that loan, combined with previous loans by the bank to the insider and his or her related interests, exceeds specified amounts. Generally, such loans must be made on substantially the same terms as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those that are prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-insiders or non-employees. Regulation O contains a general exception for extensions of credit made pursuant to a benefit or compensation plan of a bank that is widely available to employees of the bank and that does not give any preference to insiders of the bank over other employees. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank does not have any loans deemed to be Regulation O loans.
 In addition, federal law prohibits extensions of credit to a bank's insiders and their related interests by any other institution that has a correspondent banking relationship with the bank, unless such extension of credit is on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and does not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features.
 Federal Insurance of Deposit Accounts. The Bank is a member of the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the FDIC. Deposit accounts in the Bank are insured up to a maximum of $250,000 for each separately insured depositor for each account ownership category.

 The FDIC assesses all insured depository institutions. An institution's assessment rate depends upon the perceived risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund of that institution, with less risky institutions paying lower rates. Currently, assessments for institutions of less than $10 billion of total assets are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical models estimating the probability of failure within three years. Assessment rates (inclusive of possible adjustments) ranged from 2.5 to 32 basis points of each institution's total assets less tangible capital effective January 1, 2023.
 Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order or regulatory condition imposed in writing. We do not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of the Bank's deposit insurance.
 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act ("FDICIA"). The Bank, having over $500 million in total assets, is subject to requirements of Section 112 of FDICIA ("FDICIA 112"). The primary purpose of FDICIA 112 is to provide a framework for early risk identification in financial management through an effective system of internal controls. Annual reporting requirements under FDICIA 112 are as follows: (1) annual audited financial statements; (2) management report stating management's responsibility for preparing the institution's annual financial statements, establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting and for complying with laws and regulations, and assessment by management of the institution's compliance with such laws and regulations; and (3) for insured depository institutions with consolidated total assets over $1.0 billion or more, such as the Bank, the independent public accountant who audits the institution's financial statements shall examine, attest to, and report separately on the assertion of management concerning the effectiveness of the institution's internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting.
 Privacy Regulations. Federal law and regulations generally require that the Bank disclose its privacy policy, including identifying with whom it shares a customer's "non-public personal information," to customers at the time of establishing the customer relationship. In addition, financial institutions are generally required to furnish their customers a privacy notice annually. However, a provision of the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act enacted in 2015 provides an exception from the annual notice requirement if a financial institution does not share non-public personal information with non-affiliated third parties (other than as permitted under certain exceptions) and its policies and practices regarding disclosure of non-public personal information have not changed since the last distribution of its policies and practices to its customers. In addition, the Bank is required to provide its customers with the ability to "opt-out" of having their personal information shared with unaffiliated third parties and to not disclose account numbers or access codes to non-affiliated third parties for marketing purposes.
 Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA"), as implemented by the FDIC, a state nonmember bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation, consistent with its safe and sound operation, to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution's discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community, consistent with the CRA. The CRA requires the FDIC, in connection with its examination of each state nonmember bank, to assess the institution's record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by such institution, including applications to establish branches and acquire other financial institutions. The CRA currently requires the FDIC to provide a written evaluation of an institution's CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system. The Bank's most recent FDIC CRA rating in June 2024 was "Satisfactory." On October 24, 2023, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize the CRA regulations. Under the final rule, banks with assets of at least $2 billion as of December 31 in both of the prior two calendar years will be a "large bank." The agencies will evaluate large banks under four performance tests: the Retail Lending Test, the Retail Services and Products Test, the Community Development Financing Test, and the Community Development Services Test. Under the new regulations, the applicability date for the majority of the provisions is January 1, 2026, and additional requirements will be applicable on January 1, 2027. On March 29, 2024, a federal court in the Northern District of Texas issued a preliminary injunction of the new CRA regulations, enjoining the federal banking agencies from enforcing the regulations against the plaintiff bank industry trade groups, and extending the regulations' implementation dates day-for-day for each day the injunction is in place.

 Consumer Protection and Fair Lending Regulations. The Bank is subject to a variety of federal and New Jersey statutes and regulations that are intended to protect consumers and prohibit discrimination in the granting of credit. These statutes and regulations provide for a range of sanctions for non-compliance with their terms, including imposition of cease-and-desist orders and civil money penalties, and referral to the U.S. Attorney General for prosecution of a civil action seeking actual and punitive damages and injunctive relief. Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act prohibits unfair and deceptive acts and practices against consumers and is enforced by the FDIC. Other federal laws also prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices against consumers, and those can be enforced against the Bank by the state attorneys general.
 Federal Home Loan Bank System
 The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Banks provide a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the FHLB. The Bank was in compliance with this requirement at December 31, 2024.
 Holding Company Regulation
 Federal Holding Company Regulation. The Company is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve Board and is subject to regulations, examination, supervision and reporting requirements applicable to bank holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over the Company and its non-savings bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings bank.
 A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting securities of any company engaged in non-banking activities. One of the principal exceptions to this prohibition is for activities the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Some of the principal activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined by regulation to be so closely related to banking are: (1) making or servicing loans; (2) performing certain data processing services; (3) providing discount brokerage services; (4) acting as fiduciary, investment or financial advisor; (5) leasing personal or real property; (6) making investments in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare; and (7) acquiring a savings and loan association whose direct and indirect activities are limited to those permitted for bank holding companies.
 The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 authorizes a bank holding company that meets specified conditions, including that its depository institution subsidiaries are "well capitalized" and "well managed," to opt to become a "financial holding company." A "financial holding company" may engage in a broader range of financial activities than a bank holding company. Such activities may include insurance underwriting and investment banking. The Company has no plans to elect "financial holding company" status at this time.
 Capital. Federal legislation required the Federal Reserve Board to establish minimum consolidated capital requirements for bank holding companies that are as stringent as those applicable to their insured depository subsidiaries. However, subsequent federal legislation exempted from the applicability of the consolidated capital requirements bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion in consolidated assets, such as the Company, unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve Board.
 Source of Strength. Federal law provides that bank holding companies must act as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institution. The expectation is that the bank holding company will provide capital, liquidity and other support for the institution in times of financial stress.
 Stock Repurchases and Dividends. A bank holding company is generally required to give the Federal Reserve Board prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the holding company's consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe and unsound practice, or would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve Board order or directive, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve Board. There is an

 exception to this approval requirement for well-capitalized bank holding companies that meet certain other conditions.
 Additionally, under the prompt corrective action laws, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized.
 Notwithstanding the above, the Federal Reserve Board has issued a supervisory bulletin regarding the payment of dividends and repurchase or redemption of outstanding shares of stock by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve Board's policy is that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the organization's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The supervisory bulletin provides for prior consultation with and review of proposed dividends by the Federal Reserve Board in certain cases, such as where a proposed dividend exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend would be paid (e.g., calendar quarter) or where the company's net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund a proposed dividend.
 The supervisory bulletin also indicates that a bank holding company should notify the Federal Reserve Board, under certain circumstances, prior to redeeming or repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock. The specified circumstances include where a holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or where the repurchase or redemption would result in a net reduction, as of the end of a quarter, in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred. Even outside of these circumstances, the Federal Reserve Board expects as a matter of practice to have notice and opportunity for non-objection before such an action is taken. The supervisory bulletin indicates that such notification is to allow Federal Reserve Board supervisory review of, and possible objection to, the proposed repurchases or redemption. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of the Company to pay dividends, engage in stock repurchases or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
 Acquisition. The Change in Bank Control Act provides that no person may acquire control of a bank holding company, such as the Company, without the prior non-objection or approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Control, as defined under the Change in Bank Control Act and its implementing regulations, means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of a company, or the ownership, control or power to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the company. Acquisition of 10% or more of any class of a bank holding company's voting securities constitutes a rebuttable presumption of control under certain circumstances, including where, as is the case with the Company, the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
 In addition, the Bank Holding Company Act provides that no company may acquire control of a bank or bank holding company within the meaning of that statute without having first obtained the approval of the Federal Reserve Board. A company that acquires control of a bank or bank holding company for purposes of the Bank Holding Company Act becomes a "bank holding company" subject to registration, examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board.
 New Jersey law establishes similar filing and prior approval requirements as to the NJDOBI for direct or indirect acquisitions of New Jersey chartered institutions.
 Federal Securities Laws
 The Company's common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Exchange Act.
 Emerging Growth Company Status. We are an emerging growth company. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to "emerging growth companies," including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As an emerging growth company, we also will not be subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which would require that our independent auditors review and attest as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial

 reporting. We have also elected to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. If the Company were to subsequently elect not to use this extended transition period, such election would be irrevocable. Due to our use of the extended transition period, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
 A company loses emerging growth company status on the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year of the company during which it had total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (2) the last day of the fiscal year of the issuer following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities of the company pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (3) the date on which such company has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (4) the date on which such company is deemed to be a "large accelerated filer" under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations (generally, a "large accelerated filer" is defined as a corporation with at least $700 million of voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates).
 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted to improve corporate responsibility, provide for enhanced penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties at publicly traded companies and protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures pursuant to the securities laws. The Company has policies, procedures and systems designed to comply with this Act and its implementing regulations.

 TAXATION
 Federal Taxation
 General. The Company and the Bank are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize material federal income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Company and the Bank.
 Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, the Company currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31 for filing its federal income tax returns.
 Net Operating Loss Carryovers. Effective with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, net operating loss carrybacks are no longer permitted, and net operating losses are allowed to be carried forward indefinitely. Net operating loss carryforwards arising from tax years beginning after January 1, 2018 are limited to offset a maximum of 80% of a future year's taxable income. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $42.4 million in net operating loss carryovers. The Company contributed $9.0 million to the Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation in 2021 and the deferred benefit has a five-year carryforward limitation.
 Capital Loss Carryovers. Generally, a financial institution may carry back capital losses to the preceding three taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or carryover is treated as a short-term capital loss for the year to which it is carried. As such, it is grouped with any other capital losses for the year to which carried and is used to offset any capital gains. Any loss remaining after the five-year carryover period that has not been deducted is no longer deductible. At December 31, 2024, the Company had no capital loss carryovers. See discussion on Deferred Tax valuation Allowance on the next page of this document.
 Corporate Dividends. We may generally exclude from our income 100% of dividends received from the Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.
 Audit of Tax Returns. The Company's federal income tax returns have not been audited in the last three years.

 State Taxation
 New Jersey State Taxation. In 2014, tax legislation was enacted that changed the manner in which financial institutions and their affiliates are taxed in New Jersey. Taxable income is apportioned to New Jersey based on the location of the taxpayer's customers, with special rules for income from certain financial transactions. The location of the taxpayer's offices and branches are not relevant to the determination of income apportioned to New Jersey. The state of New Jersey applies a surtax based on the tax base within the state, applying a 6.5%, 7.5% or 9% rate. Given the Company has available net operating losses for the period, the statutory rate that would apply to the tax base in 2022 is 6.5%. An alternative tax on apportioned capital, capped at $5.0 million for a tax year, is imposed to the extent that it exceeds the tax on apportioned income. The New Jersey alternative tax rate was 0.05% for 2019, 0.025% for 2020 and was completely phased out as of January 1, 2021. Qualified community banks and thrift institutions that maintain a qualified loan portfolio are entitled to a specially computed modification that reduces the income taxable to New Jersey. The Company had New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards totaling $41.6 million, the majority of which will expire in 18 years.
 The Company's New Jersey State income tax returns were subject to an audit for the years 2015 through 2018, which concluded in January 2022 without findings.
 New York State Taxation. The Company files New York State tax returns on a calendar year basis. New York State imposes a corporate income tax, based on net income allocable to New York State at a rate of 6.5%. In April 2021, legislation increased the corporate franchise tax rate to 7.25% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2021 and before January 1, 2024 for taxpayers with a business income base greater than $5 million. In addition, the scheduled phase-out of the capital base tax was delayed. The rate of the capital base was to have been 0% starting in 2021. The legislation imposed a tax rate of 0.1875% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2021 and before January 1, 2024, with the 0% rate to take effect in 2024. New York State also imposes the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ("MTA") Tax Surcharge rate of 30% allocable to business activities carried on in the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District. The MTA surcharge was made permanent in 2024.
 New York City Taxation. The Company is also subject to the New York City Financial Corporation Tax calculated, subject to a New York City income and expense allocation, on a similar basis as the New York State Tax, at a rate of 8.85%.
 Pennsylvania State Taxation. The Bank is subject to Pennsylvania Mutual Thrift Institutions Tax imposed at the rate of 11.5% on net taxable income of mutual thrift institutions in Pennsylvania, including savings banks without capital stock, building and loan associations, savings and loan associations, and savings institutions having capital stock.
 Delaware State Taxation. As a Delaware business corporation not earning income in Delaware, the Company is exempt from Delaware corporate income tax but is required to file an annual report with and pay franchise taxes to the state of Delaware.
 Connecticut State Taxation. The Company is subject to Corporate Income Tax in Connecticut at a rate of 7.5% but is not expected to be taxpaying in this jurisdiction.
 Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
 At December 31, 2021, the Company determined that a full valuation allowance was required on both its federal and state net deferred tax assets.
 Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2024. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth.
 For the year ended December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $25.1 million has been maintained against our net deferred tax asset. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth.

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 Risks Related to Interest Rate Risk
 Future changes in interest rates may reduce any future profits.
 Like most financial institutions, whether we are profitable or not depends to a large extent upon our net interest income, which is the difference between our interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and our interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Accordingly, our results of operations depend largely on movements in market interest rates and our ability to manage our interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities in response to these movements. Factors such as inflation, recession and instability in financial markets, among other factors beyond our control, may affect interest rates. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a loss of $11.9 million.
 Our financial condition and results of operations are significantly affected by changes in market interest rates, and the degree to which these changes disparately impact short-term and long-term interest rates and influence the behavior of our customer base. Our results of operations substantially depend on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest earning assets and the interest expense we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities. A flattening yield curve, or one that inverts, could negatively impact our net interest margin and earnings.
 If the Federal Reserve lowers market interest rates current levels, our net interest income could also be negatively affected if competitive pressures prevent us from reducing rates on our deposits, while the yields on our assets decrease through loan prepayments and interest rate adjustments. Conversely, if the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, our interest-bearing liabilities may be subject to repricing or maturing more quickly than our interest-earning assets. If short-term rates increase rapidly, we may have to increase the rates we pay on our deposits and borrowed funds more quickly than we can increase the interest rates we earn on our loans and investments, resulting in a negative effect on interest spreads and net interest income. In addition, the effect of rising rates could be compounded if deposit customers move funds into higher yielding accounts or are lost to competitors offering higher rates on their deposit products.
 Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest-earning assets and in particular our securities portfolio. Generally, the value of securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2024, our available-for-sale debt securities portfolio totaled $297.0 million with net unrealized losses of $27.4 million and are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Therefore, decreases in the fair value of securities available-for-sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on stockholders' equity. At December 31, 2024, our held-to-maturity debt securities portfolio totaled $33.2 million with net unrealized losses of $3.2 million. The net unrealized losses on our held-to-maturity securities are not recorded in the financial statements until realized upon sale. The Company does not intend to sell held-to-maturity securities, nor does it foresee being required to sell them before the anticipated recovery or maturity.
 Volatility and uncertainty related to inflation and the effects of inflation, which may lead to increased costs for businesses and consumers and potentially contribute to poor business and economic conditions generally, may also enhance or contribute to some of the risks discussed herein. For example, higher inflation, or volatility and uncertainty related to inflation, could reduce demand for the Company's products, adversely affect the creditworthiness of the Company's borrowers or result in lower values for the Company's investment securities and other interest-earning assets.
 Any substantial change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. While we pursue an asset/liability strategy designed to mitigate our risk from changes in interest rates, such changes can still have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2024, our net portfolio value would decrease by $70.1 million if there was an instantaneous 200 basis point increase in market interest rates. For further discussion of how changes in interest rates could impact us, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk."

 Risks Related to Lending Activities
 Because we intend to increase our commercial real estate and commercial loan originations, our lending risk will increase.
 Commercial real estate and commercial loans generally have more risk than residential mortgage loans. Because the repayment of commercial real estate and commercial loans depends on the successful management and operation of the borrower's properties or related businesses, repayment of such loans can be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the local economy. Commercial real estate and commercial loans may also involve relatively large loan balances to individual borrowers or groups of related borrowers. A downturn in the real estate market or the local economy could adversely impact the value of properties securing the loan or the revenues from the borrower's business thereby increasing the risk of non-performing loans. Also, many of our multifamily and commercial real estate and commercial business borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a residential mortgage loan. Further, unlike residential mortgages or multifamily and commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans may be secured by collateral other than real estate, such as inventory and accounts receivable, the value of which may be more difficult to appraise, may be more susceptible to fluctuation in value at default, and may be more difficult to realize upon enforcement of our remedies. As our commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios increase, the corresponding risks and potential for losses from these loans may also increase.
 If our allowance for credit losses on loans is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings and capital could decrease.
 Lending is inherently risky and we are exposed to the risk that our borrowers may default on their obligations. A borrower's default on its obligations may result in lost principal and interest income and increased operating expenses as a result of the allocation of management's time and resources to the collection and work-out of the loan. In certain situations, where collection efforts are unsuccessful or acceptable work-out arrangements cannot be reached, we may have to charge-off the loan in whole or in part, or sell it at a discount. In such situations, we may acquire real estate or other assets, if any, that secure the loan through foreclosure or other similar available remedies, the amount owed under the defaulted loan may exceed the value of the assets acquired, and post-default remedies may be unavailable or unfeasible.
 We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for our loans. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses on loans, we review our loans and our loss and delinquency experience, and we evaluate other factors including, among other things, current economic conditions. If our assumptions are incorrect, or if delinquencies or non-performing loans increase, our allowance for credit losses on loans may not be sufficient to cover losses in our loan portfolio, which would require additions to our allowance, which could materially decrease our net income. Our allowance for credit losses on loans was 0.83% of total loans and 254.02% of non-performing loans at December 31, 2024.
 In addition, bank regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses on loans and, based on their judgments and information available to them at the time of their review, may require us to increase our allowance for credit losses on loans or recognize further loan charge-offs. An increase in our allowance for credit losses on loans or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory authorities may reduce our net income and our capital, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.
 At December 31, 2024, our non-performing assets, which consist of non-performing loans, were $5.1 million, or 0.25% of total assets. Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:
 • we record interest income only on the cash basis or cost-recovery method for non-accrual loans and we do not record interest income for other real estate owned;
 • we must provide for expected loan losses through a current period charge to the provision for credit losses on loans;
 • non-interest expense increases when we write down the value of properties in our other real estate owned portfolio to reflect changing market values;
 • there are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance and maintenance fees; and
 • the resolution of non-performing assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from more profitable activity.
 If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our non-performing assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 Risks Related to Loan Underwriting
 Adjustable-Rate Loans. While we anticipate that adjustable-rate loans will better offset the adverse effects of an increase in interest rates as compared to fixed-rate loans, an increased monthly payment required of adjustable-rate loan borrowers in a rising interest rate environment could cause an increase in delinquencies and defaults. The marketability of the underlying property also may be adversely affected in a high interest rate environment. In addition, although adjustable-rate loans make our asset base more responsive to changes in interest rates, the extent of this interest sensitivity is somewhat limited by the annual and lifetime interest rate adjustment limits on adjustable-rate loans. To help minimize the risks associated with rising interest rates and the subsequent risk of default, we often perform a stress analysis during underwriting.
 Multifamily and Commercial Real Estate Loans. Loans secured by commercial and multifamily real estate generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than residential real estate loans. Of primary concern in commercial real estate and multifamily lending is the borrower's creditworthiness and the feasibility and cash flow potential of the asset. Payments on loans secured by income producing properties often depend on the successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy to a greater extent than residential real estate loans. To monitor cash flows on income properties, we generally require borrowers and loan guarantors, if any, to provide annual financial statements on commercial real estate and multifamily loans. In reaching a decision whether to make a commercial real estate or multifamily loan, we consider the net operating income of the property, the borrower's expertise, credit history and profitability and the value of the underlying property. At times, we may also perform a global cash flow analysis of the borrower. We generally have required that the properties securing these real estate loans have debt service coverage ratios (the ratio of net operating income to debt service) of at least 1.25x. We require a Phase One environmental report on all commercial real estate loans in excess of $1.0 million or when we believe there is a possibility that hazardous materials may have existed on the site, or the site may have been impacted by adjoining properties that handled hazardous materials. Further in situations where environmental risks may be present, we utilize the services of an independent and qualified environmental consultant to assess any underlying risks.
 Construction Loans. Our construction loans are based upon our estimates of costs to complete a project and the value of the completed project. Typically, said reviews are conducted by third party's approved by the bank. Underwriting is focused on the borrowers' financial strength, credit history and demonstrated ability to produce a quality product and effectively market and manage its operations.

 Construction lending involves additional risks when compared to permanent residential lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral of the project, which is of uncertain value before its completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, it is difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. In addition, generally during the term of a construction loan, interest may be funded by the borrower or disbursed from an interest reserve set aside from the construction loan budget. These loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If the appraised value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate collateral for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss. We use a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the value of any construction project of five or more units. Our ability to continue to originate a significant amount of construction loans is dependent on the strength of the general real estate market in our market areas.
 Junior Liens and Consumer Loans. Consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, as they can be unsecured, subordinately secured or secured by assets that depreciate rapidly. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding loan and a resulting deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. Consumer loan collections depend on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and therefore are likely to be adversely affected by various factors, including job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.
 Commercial and Industrial Loans. Unlike residential real estate loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from his or her employment or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more readily ascertainable, commercial and industrial loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from the cash flows of the borrower's business and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Our commercial and industrial loans are originated primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most often, collateral for commercial and industrial loans consists of accounts receivable, inventory and/or equipment. Credit support provided by the borrower for most of these loans is based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee. Furthermore, collateral securing such loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself.
 Risks Related to Economic Conditions
 Declines in value may adversely impact our investment portfolio.
 As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $330.1 million in its investment portfolio, with $297.0 million designated as available-for-sale and $33.2 million designated as held-to-maturity. For securities available-for-sale, ASU 2016-13 requires entities to determine if impairment is related to credit loss or non-credit loss. If an assessment of the security indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security, and if the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is created, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated under the allowance for credit losses model. Held-to-maturity securities are charged off against the allowance when deemed to be uncollectible and adjustments to the allowance are reported as a component of credit loss expense. If the credit loss expense is significant enough it could affect the ability of Blue Foundry Bank to upstream dividends to the Company, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to pay dividends to shareholders and could also negatively impact our regulatory capital ratios.

 The geographic concentration of our loan portfolio and lending activities makes us vulnerable to a downturn in our local market area.
 Our loan portfolio is concentrated primarily in New Jersey. This makes us vulnerable to a downturn in the local economy and real estate markets. Adverse conditions in the local economy such as unemployment, inflation, recession, regulatory changes, a catastrophic event or other factors beyond our control could impact the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, which could impact our net interest income. Decreases in local real estate values caused by economic conditions, recent changes in tax and rent regulation laws or other events could adversely affect the value of the property used as collateral for our loans, which could cause us to realize a loss in the event of a foreclosure. Further, deterioration in local economic conditions could drive the level of loan losses beyond the level we have provided for in our allowance for credit losses on loans, which in turn could necessitate an increase in our provision for loan losses and a resulting reduction to our earnings and capital.
 A worsening of economic conditions in our market area could reduce demand for our products and services and/or result in increases in our level of non-performing loans, which could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and earnings
 Local economic conditions have a significant impact on the ability of our borrowers to repay loans and the value of the collateral securing loans. A deterioration in economic conditions, especially local conditions, could have the following consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, and could more negatively affect us compared to a financial institution that operates with more geographic diversity:
 • demand for our products and services may decline;
 • loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;
 • collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, thereby reducing customers' future borrowing power and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans; and
 • the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us.
 Moreover, a significant decline in general economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, civil unrest, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, an epidemic or pandemic, unemployment or other factors beyond our control could further impact these local economic conditions and could further negatively affect the financial results of our banking operations.
 A lack of liquidity could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
 Liquidity is essential to the Company's business. The Company relies on its ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the repayment of its liabilities to ensure that there is adequate liquidity to fund operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale and maturities of loans and securities and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on liquidity. The Company's most important source of funds is its deposits. Deposit balances can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments as providing a better risk adjusted return, which are strongly influenced by such external factors as the direction of interest rates, local and national economic conditions and the availability and attractiveness of alternative investments. Further, the demand for deposits may be reduced due to a variety of factors such as negative trends in the banking sector, the level of and/or composition of our uninsured deposits, demographic patterns, changes in customer preferences, reductions in consumers' disposable income, the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve or regulatory actions that decrease customer access to particular products. If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other investments such as money market funds, the Company would lose a relatively low-cost source of funds, which would increase its funding costs and reduce net interest income. Any changes made to the rates offered on deposits to remain competitive with other financial institutions may also adversely affect profitability and liquidity. Other primary sources of funds consist of cash flows from operations, maturities and sales of investment securities and/or loans, brokered deposits, borrowings from the FHLB and/or FRB discount window, and unsecured borrowings. The Company also may borrow funds from third-party lenders, such as other financial institutions. The Company's access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize its activities, or on terms that are acceptable, could be impaired by factors that affect the Company directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry, a decrease in the level of the Company's business activity as a result of a downturn in

 markets or by one or more adverse regulatory actions against the Company or the financial sector in general. Any decline in available funding could adversely impact the Company's ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet expenses, or to fulfill obligations such as meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse impact on its liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.
 Inflationary pressures and rising prices may affect our results of operations and financial condition.
 After peaking in 2022, inflation moderated in 2023 but remained above the Federal Reserve's 2% target throughout 2024. Inflation may present a significant risk as it can lead to increased costs and reduced purchasing power for consumers. Small to medium-sized businesses may be impacted more during periods of high inflation as they are not able to leverage economies of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, the ability of our business customers to repay their loans may deteriorate, and in some cases this deterioration may occur quickly. Furthermore, a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other operating costs to increase. These factors could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
 Interruption of our customers' supply chains and federal funding could negatively impact their business and operations and impact their ability to repay their loans.
 Any material interruption in our customers' supply chains, such as a material interruption of the resources required to conduct their business, such as those resulting from interruptions in service by third-party providers, trade restrictions, including increased tariffs or quotas, embargoes or customs restrictions, reductions in federal subsidies or grants, social or labor unrest, natural disasters, epidemics or pandemics or political disputes and military conflicts, that cause a material disruption in our customers' supply chains, could have a negative impact on their business and ability to repay their borrowings with us. In the event of disruptions in our customers' supply chains, the labor and materials they rely on in the ordinary course of business may not be available at reasonable rates or at all. Additionally, changes in distribution of federal funds or freezing of federal funds, including reductions in federal workforce causing unemployment, could have an adverse effect on the ability of consumers and businesses to pay debts and/or affect the demand for loans and deposits.
 The failure to address the Federal debt ceiling in a timely manner, downgrades of the U.S. credit rating and uncertain credit and financial market conditions may affect the stability of securities issued or guaranteed by the Federal government, which may affect the valuation or liquidity of our investment securities portfolio and increase future borrowing costs.
 As a result of uncertain political, credit and financial market conditions, including the potential consequences of the federal government defaulting on its obligations for a period of time due to federal debt ceiling limitations or other unresolved political issues, investments in financial instruments issued or guaranteed by the federal government pose credit default and liquidity risks. Given that future deterioration in the U.S. credit and financial markets is a possibility, no assurance can be made that losses or significant deterioration in the fair value of our U.S. government issued or guaranteed investments will not occur. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately $41.3 million, $874 thousand and $171.8 million invested in U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises, respectively. Downgrades to the U.S. credit rating could affect the stability of securities issued or guaranteed by the federal government and the valuation or liquidity of our portfolio of such investment securities, and could result in our counterparties requiring additional collateral for our borrowings. Further, unless and until U.S. political, credit and financial market conditions have been sufficiently resolved or stabilized, it may increase our future borrowing costs.

 Risks Related to Growth
 Our business strategy includes growth, and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth effectively.
 Our business strategy includes growth in assets, deposits and the scale of our operations. Achieving our growth targets will require us to attract customers that currently bank at other financial institutions in our market, thereby increasing our share of the market, and to expand the size of our market area. Our ability to successfully grow will depend on a variety of factors, including our ability to attract and retain experienced bankers, the continued availability of desirable business opportunities, the competitive responses from other financial institutions in our market area and our ability to manage our growth. Growth opportunities may not be available or we may not be able to manage our growth successfully. If we do not manage our growth effectively, our financial condition and operating results could be negatively affected.
 Building market share through de novo branching may cause our expenses to increase faster than revenues.
 We may open de novo branches in contiguous markets. There are considerable costs involved in de novo branching as new branches generally require time to generate sufficient revenues to offset their initial start-up costs, especially in areas in which we do not have an established presence. Accordingly, any new branch can be expected to negatively impact our earnings until the branch attracts a sufficient number of deposits and loans to offset expenses. It cannot be assured that new branches opened will be successful even after they have been established.
 New lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risks.
 From time to time, we may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business. In addition, we will continue to invest in research, development, and marketing for new products and services. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the development and introduction of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. Furthermore, if customers do not perceive our new offerings as providing significant value, they may fail to accept our new products and services. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new product or service. Furthermore, the burden on management and our information technology in introducing any new line of business and/or new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 Severe weather, acts of terrorism, geopolitical and other external events could impact our ability to conduct business.
 Weather-related events have adversely impacted our market area in recent years, especially areas located near coastal waters and flood prone areas. Such events that may cause significant flooding and other storm-related damage may become more common events in the future. Financial institutions have been, and continue to be, targets of terrorist threats aimed at compromising operating and communication systems and the metropolitan New York area, including New Jersey, remain central targets for potential acts of terrorism. Such events could cause significant damage, impact the stability of our facilities and result in additional expenses, impair the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, reduce the value of collateral securing repayment of our loans, and result in the loss of revenue. While we have established and regularly test disaster recovery procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition. Additionally, financial markets may be adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the Russia and Ukraine war, terrorism or other geopolitical events.

 Risks Related to Competition
 Strong competition within our market area may limit our growth and profitability.
 Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense. In our market area, we compete with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms operating locally and elsewhere. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business, and offer certain services that we do not or cannot provide. Our smaller asset size also makes it more difficult to compete, as many of our competitors are larger and can more easily afford to invest in the marketing and technologies needed to attract and retain customers. In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans and deposits more aggressively than we do, which could affect our ability to grow and remain profitable on a long-term basis. Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete in our market area. If we must raise interest rates paid on deposits or lower interest rates charged on our loans, our net interest margin and profitability could be adversely affected. For additional information see "Business of Blue Foundry Bank—Competition."
 The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of continuing legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued industry consolidation. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of our competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services than we can as well as better pricing for those products and services.
 Risks Related to Operations and Security
 We face significant operational risks because the nature of the financial services business involves a high volume of transactions.
 We operate in diverse markets and rely on the ability of our employees and systems to process a high number of transactions. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including but not limited to, the risk of fraud by employees or persons outside our company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, breaches of our internal control systems and compliance requirements. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of operational deficiencies or as a result of non-compliance with applicable regulatory standards, adverse business decisions or their implementation, or customer attrition due to potential negative publicity. In the event of a breakdown in our internal control systems, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, we could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action, and/or suffer damage to our reputation.
 Cyber-attacks or other security breaches could adversely affect our operations, net income or reputation.
 We regularly collect, process, transmit and store significant amounts of confidential information regarding our customers, employees and others and concerning our own business, operations, plans and strategies. In some cases, this confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on our behalf.
 Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial and other transactions and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks and phishing. Phishing, a means for identity thieves to obtain sensitive personal information through fraudulent e-mail, text or voice mail, is an emerging threat targeting the customers of financial entities. A failure in or breach of our operational or information security systems, or those of our third-party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches or due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions could adversely affect our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and/or cause losses.

 If this confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost, we could be exposed to significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage, civil litigation and financial loss.
 Although we employ a variety of physical, procedural and technological safeguards to protect this confidential and proprietary information from mishandling, misuse or loss, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling, misuse or loss of the information will not occur, and that if mishandling, misuse or loss of information does occur, those events will be promptly detected and addressed. Similarly, when confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on our behalf, our policies and procedures require that the third party agree to maintain the confidentiality of the information, establish and maintain policies and procedures designed to preserve the confidentiality of the information, and permit us to confirm the third party's compliance with the terms of the agreement. As information security risks and cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.
 Risks associated with system failures, interruptions, or breaches of security could negatively affect our earnings.
 Information technology systems are critical to our business. We use various technology systems to manage our customer relationships, general ledger, securities, deposits, and loans. We have established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of system failures, interruptions, and security breaches, but such events may still occur and may not be adequately addressed if they do occur. In addition, any compromise of our systems could deter customers from using our products and services. Although we rely on security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect the secure transmission of data, these precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of security.
 In addition, we outsource a majority of our data processing to third-party providers. If these third-party providers encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.
 The occurrence of any system failures, interruptions, or breaches of security could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny or expose us to litigation and possible financial liability. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 The inability to stay current with technological change could adversely affect our business model.
 Financial institutions continually are required to maintain and upgrade technology in order to provide the most current products and services to their customers, as well as create operational efficiencies. This technology requires personnel resources, as well as significant costs to implement. Failure to successfully implement technological change could adversely affect the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
 Our operations rely on certain third party vendors.
 We rely on certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations. These third party vendors are sources of operational and informational security risk to us, including risks associated with operational errors, information system interruptions or breaches and unauthorized disclosures of sensitive or confidential client or customer information. If these vendors encounter any of these issues, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, we could be exposed to disruption of operations, loss of service or connectivity to customers, reputational damage, and litigation risk that could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

 In addition, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements. While we have selected these external vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements, because of changes in the vendor's organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services or strategic focus or for any other reason, could be disruptive to our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations. Replacing these external vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.
 We depend on our management team, many of whom are new to the Bank, to implement our business strategy and execute successful operations and we could be harmed by the loss of their services.
 We depend upon the services of the members of our senior management team to implement our business strategy and execute our operations. Over the last several years we have hired certain senior level management to implement the Bank's new focus and direction. Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our new management team to operate effectively, both individually and as a group. We must successfully manage issues that may result from the integration of the new members of our senior management. Members of our senior management team and bankers who have expertise and key business relationships in our markets could be difficult to replace. The loss of these persons or our inability to hire additional qualified personnel, could impact our ability to implement our business strategy and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our ability to compete.
 While our Board of Directors takes an active role in cybersecurity risk tolerance, we rely to a large degree on management and outside consultants in overseeing cybersecurity risk management.
 Our Board of Directors takes an active role in the cybersecurity risk tolerance of the Company and all members receive cybersecurity training annually. The Board reviews the annual risk assessments and approves information technology policies, which include cybersecurity. Furthermore, our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing all audit findings related to information technology general controls, internal and external vulnerability, and penetration testing. We also engage outside consultants to support our cybersecurity efforts. However, our directors do not have significant experience in cybersecurity risk management outside of the Company and therefore, its ability to fulfill its oversight function remains dependent on the input it receives from management and outside consultants.
 Our cost of operations is high relative to our revenues.
 Our non-interest expense totaled $52.6 million and $51.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We continue to analyze our expenses and achieve efficiencies where available. Although we strive to generate increases in both net interest income and non-interest income, our efficiency ratio remains high. Our efficiency ratio was 133.71% and 117.93% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 The cost of additional finance and accounting systems, procedures and controls in order to satisfy our new public company reporting requirements will increase our expenses.
 As a result of the completion of the stock offering, we became a public reporting company. We expect that the obligations of being a public company, including the substantial public reporting obligations, will require significant expenditures and place additional demands on our management team. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations as a public company. However, the measures we take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Any failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we may need to hire additional compliance, accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical knowledge, and we may not be able to do so in a timely fashion. As a result, we may need to rely on outside consultants to provide these services for us until qualified personnel are hired. These obligations will increase our operating expenses and could divert our management's attention from our operations.

 We are a community bank and our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the success of our business and the failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.
 We are a community bank and our reputation is one of the most valuable assets of our business. A key component of our business strategy is to rely on our reputation for customer service and knowledge of local markets to expand our presence by capturing new business opportunities from existing and prospective customers in our market area and contiguous areas. As such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by recruiting, hiring and retaining employees who share our core values of being an integral part of the communities we serve, delivering superior service to our customers and caring about our customers. If our reputation is negatively affected by the actions of our employees, by our inability to conduct our operations in a manner that is appealing to current or prospective customers, or otherwise, our business and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
 Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for significant losses.
 Our risk management framework is designed to minimize risk and loss to us. We seek to identify, measure, monitor, report and control our exposure to risk, including strategic, market, liquidity, compliance and operational risks. While we use broad and diversified risk monitoring and mitigation techniques, these techniques are inherently limited because they cannot anticipate the existence or future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks. Recent economic conditions and heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, among other developments, have increased our level of risk. Accordingly, we could suffer losses if we fail to properly anticipate and manage these risks.
 Risks Related to Regulatory Matters
 Changes in laws, regulations and the regulatory policies of the Federal government, and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and/or increase our costs of operations.
 We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by our banking regulators. Such regulation and supervision govern the activities in which a financial institution and its holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of insurance funds and the depositors and borrowers of Blue Foundry Bank rather than for the protection of our shareholders. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose restrictions on our operations, classify our assets and determine the level of our allowance for credit losses. These regulations, along with the currently existing tax, accounting, securities, deposit insurance and monetary laws, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations, control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives, and govern financial reporting and disclosures. As a smaller institution, we are disproportionately affected by the ongoing increased costs of compliance with banking and other regulations. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, new regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations. Further, changes in accounting standards can be both difficult to predict and involve judgment and discretion in their interpretation by us and our independent accounting firm. These changes could materially impact, potentially retroactively, how we report our financial condition and results of operations.
 Additionally, Congress and the administration through executive orders control fiscal policy through decisions on taxation and expenditures. Depending on the industries and markets involved, changes to tax law and increased or reduced public expenditures could affect us directly or the business operations of our customers.
 We are subject to stringent capital requirements, which may adversely impact our return on equity, require us to raise additional capital, or restrict us from paying dividends or repurchasing shares.
 Federal regulations establish minimum capital requirements for insured depository institutions, including minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios and define what constitutes "capital" for calculating these ratios. The regulations also establish a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5%, effectively resulting in the following minimum ratios: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, (2) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%, and (3) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, repurchasing its shares and paying discretionary bonuses, if its capital levels fall below the buffer amount.

 Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions.
 The USA PATRIOT and Bank Secrecy Acts require financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected, financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury's Office of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions, including restrictions on conducting acquisitions or establishing new branches. During the last year, several banking institutions have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations. The policies and procedures we have adopted that are designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations may not be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.
 Changes in management's estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and our financial condition or operating results.
 In preparing the periodic reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), including our consolidated financial statements, our management is required under applicable rules and regulations to make estimates and assumptions as of specified dates. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and experience at such times and are subject to substantial risk and uncertainty. Materially different results may occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. Areas requiring significant estimates and assumptions by management include our evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses, the determination of our deferred income taxes, and our fair value measurements.
 Various factors may make takeover attempts more difficult to achieve.
 Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and state and federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of Blue Foundry Bancorp without our Board of Directors' approval. Under federal law, subject to certain exemptions, a person, entity or group must notify the Federal Reserve Board before acquiring control of a bank holding company. There also are provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that may be used to delay or block a takeover attempt, including a provision that prohibits any person from voting more than 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Furthermore, shares of restricted stock and stock options that we may grant to employees and directors, stock ownership by our management and directors, shares held by the employee stock ownership plan and other factors may make it more difficult for companies or persons to acquire control of Blue Foundry Bancorp without the consent of our Board of Directors. Taken as a whole, these statutory provisions and provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could result in our being less attractive to a potential acquirer and thus could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
 Our New York State multifamily loan portfolio could be adversely impacted by changes in legislation or regulation.
 Multifamily loans generally involve a greater risk than residential real estate loans because of legislation and government regulations involving rent control and rent stabilization, which are outside the control of the borrower or the Bank. This could impair the value of the collateral securing the loan or the future cash flow of such properties. For example, New York State passed the Housing Stability & Tenant Protection Act, impacting one million rent-regulated apartment units. The Legislation, limited rent increases from material capital improvements, eliminated the ability for apartments to exit rent regulation, did away with vacancy decontrol and high-income deregulation and repealed the 20% vacancy bonus. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has approximately $108 million, or 6.8% of total loans, in New York multifamily loans that have some form of rent stabilization or rent control. Of these loans, only 32% and 14% reprice or mature in 2025 and 2026, respectively, with the remainder maturing or repricing in 2027 through 2032.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 None.

 ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
 Risk Management and Strategy
 Our risk management program is designed to identify, assess and mitigate risks across various aspects of our company, including financial, operational, regulatory, reputational and legal. Cybersecurity is a critical component of this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and potential of cyber threats. Our Chief Information Security Officer is primarily responsible for this cyber security component and is a key member of the risk management organization, reporting directly to the Chief Risk Officer.
 Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our systems or information. The structure of our information security program is designed around the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework, regulatory guidance and other industry standards. In addition, we leverage certain industry and government associations, third-party benchmarking, audits and threat intelligence feeds to facilitate and promote program effectiveness. Our Chief Information Security Officer and our Chief Technology Officer, who reports directly to our President and Chief Executive Officer, along with key members of their teams, regularly collaborate with peer banks, industry groups and policymakers to discuss cybersecurity trends and issues and identify best practices. The information security program is periodically reviewed by such personnel with the goal of addressing changing threats and conditions.
 We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive strategy that embraces a "trust by design" philosophy when designing and/or implementing new products, services and technology. We leverage people, processes and technology as part of our efforts to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We also employ a variety of preventative and detection tools designed to monitor, block and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on suspected advanced persistent threats. We have established processes and systems designed to mitigate cyber risk, including regular and on-going education and training for employees, preparedness simulations and tabletop exercises and recovery and resilience tests. We engage in regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems and network architecture, using internal cybersecurity risks, associated with external service providers and our supply chain. We also actively monitor our email gateways for malicious phishing email campaigns and monitor remote connections as a significant portion of our workforce has the option to work remotely. We leverage internal and external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review our processes, systems and controls, including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness and make recommendations to strengthen our risk management program.
 We maintain a Cyber Incident Response Procedure that provides a documented framework for responding to actual and potential cybersecurity incidents, including timely notification of and escalation to the appropriate Board-approved management committees and to the Enterprise Risk Committee of our Board of Directors. The Cyber Incident Response Procedure is coordinated through the Chief Information Security Officer and key members of management are embedded into the Plan by its design. The Cyber Incident Response Procedure facilitates coordination across multiple parts of our organization and is evaluated at least annually.
 Notwithstanding our defensive measures and processes, the threat posed by cyber-attacks is severe. Our internal systems, processes and controls are designed to mitigate loss from cyber-attacks and, while we have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, to date, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected our company. For further discussion of risks from cybersecurity threats, see the section captioned "Cyber-attacks or other security breaches could adversely affect our operations, net income or reputation" in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 Cybersecurity Governance
 Management Committee Oversight
 The Company has established an Information Risk Management Subcommittee, chaired by the Chief Information Security Officer and supported by leaders from departments across the Company. The Cybersecurity function is provided by qualified financial service technology professionals, with extensive certifications and/or advanced degrees in cybersecurity. Cybersecurity knowledge is expanded across all areas of Information Technology and is foundational in the approach from planning to execution. The subcommittee focuses on strategic and tactical delivery, policy oversight, and the assessment and management of material risks from cybersecurity threats. Policies are also shared with the Enterprise Risk Management Committee to provide an additional second line review in alignment with Enterprise Risk functions. All Information Security activity is lead by the Chief Information Security Officer, which includes developing and implementing the information security program and reporting cyber security matters to the Board. The Chief Information Security Officer has many years of experience leading cybersecurity governance and operations in financial services, supported by staff cybersecurity specialists. Management provides cybersecurity statistics and details to the Board quarterly.
 Board Committee Oversight
 The Company's Board Enterprise Risk Committee provides oversight of the cyber program. The Committee consists of Board members, chaired by an independent director. Committee members have extensive experience in various disciplines including risk management, communications, litigation, banking and transactional matters, and regulatory compliance. The Board Committee receives regular reports informing on the effectiveness of the overall cybersecurity program and the detection, response, and recovery from significant cyber incidents. Cybersecurity metrics are reported quarterly to the Committee and Key Risk Indicators are reported.

 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 At December 31, 2024, the Company and the Bank conducted business through 20 full-service branch offices, located in northern New Jersey and the Company's administrative offices located at 7 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, New Jersey. The Company's principal executive office is located at 19 Park Avenue, Rutherford, New Jersey.
 We own five properties and lease 16 properties at December 31, 2024. The aggregate net book value of premises and equipment was $29.5 million at December 31, 2024.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 Periodically, we are involved in claims and lawsuits, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which we hold security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans and other issues incident to our business. At December 31, 2024, we were not a party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 Not Applicable.

 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 The Company's common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "BLFY." Trading in the Company's common stock commenced on July 16, 2021. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,118 stockholders of record. Certain shares of Blue Foundry Bancorp are held in "nominee" or "street" name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.
 The Company has not declared any dividends to holders of its common stock and we do not currently anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the near future. Our Board of Directors has the authority to declare dividends on our shares of common stock, and may determine to pay dividends in the future, subject to financial condition, results of operations, tax considerations, industry standards, economic conditions, statutory and regulatory requirements that affect the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company, and other relevant factors. No assurances can be given that any cash dividends will be paid or that, if paid, will not be reduced or eliminated in the future.
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 The following table reports information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and the stock repurchase plans approved by our Board of Directors.

 Period
 Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 Average Price paid Per Share
 As part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 Yet to be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)

 October
 164,900
 $10.01
 164,900
 37,603

 November
 157,151
 $11.07
 157,151
 1,019,872

 December
 158,800
 $10.42
 158,800
 861,072

 Total
 480,851
 $10.49
 480,851

 (1) On February 21, 2024, the Company adopted its fourth program to repurchase up to 1,203,545 shares, or 5%, of its outstanding common stock. On November 8, 2024, the Company adopted its fifth repurchase program, which authorized the purchase of 5%, or 1,139,420 shares, of its outstanding common stock commencing upon the completion of the Company's fourth stock repurchase program on November 7, 2024. The fifth repurchase program has no expiration date.

 ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 This section is intended to assist in the understanding of the financial performance of the Company and its subsidiary through a discussion of our financial condition as of December 31, 2024, and our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. This section should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements that appear at the end of this report.
 Business Strategy
 The Company's goal is to position ourselves to prosper in an evolving financial services landscape and enhance our position as one of the leading community banking institutions in our market. We intend to continue to provide a broad array of banking and other financial services to retail, commercial and small business customers while growing our presence in our markets and expanding our franchise. In recent years, we have focused on, and invested heavily in, our technology and infrastructure to improve our delivery channels and create competitive products and services, a strong workforce and an enhanced awareness of our banking brand in our market area.
 As a result, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the opportunities available in our market by focusing on the following core strategies.
 Grow funding sources with an emphasis on core deposits to improve cost and mix and improve our Loan/Deposit ratio. The Company's core banking strategy is to target small and medium-sized businesses and to continue the transition to relationship driven business and retail customers to grow the deposit base. The focus on small and medium-sized businesses will seek to attract and develop customers whose businesses are growing. As these customers grow, they can become full-service relationships that provide both lower-cost core deposits and lending opportunities. Blue Foundry's market area has many small and medium-sized business opportunities to attract, onboard and leverage. Opportunities also exist to gain the banking relationships of business owners, as well as their employees. We have broadened our business customer offerings and have a full suite of cash management products for businesses. We anticipate steadily increasing deposit accounts each year. Critical to succeeding will be the ability to leverage technology, utilize management information, assign responsibility and accountability and develop a steady stream of referral opportunities to build quality relationships.
 Grow and further diversify the loan portfolio. The Company's overall strategy for loan growth and revenue generation will primarily be driven by further diversification into commercial lending, particularly owner-occupied commercial real estate and commercial and industrial lending. Our market area includes a sizable number of small to medium-sized businesses, which are potentially full-service relationships that can provide both core deposits and lending opportunities. We intend to pursue these commercial relationships through our branch network and the commercial bankers that we have recruited and continue to recruit, who build relationships with the privately-owned businesses managed and/or operating within the market and those located in areas targeted for expansion. We look to partner with our customers in their journey to build their businesses. We believe pursuing this strategy will allow us to both grow and diversify our business mix while providing us with the best opportunities to drive strong financial returns. Further, our investment in technology is intended to facilitate the delivery of consumer and business solutions without the need for traditional sales channels.
 Improve operating leverage and efficiency. The Company seeks to achieve meaningful balance sheet growth to absorb narrowing margins and operating costs. Improving operating leverage and efficiency will assist in increasing revenue and managing operating expenses to reach necessary and expected performance targets.
 We will continue to reduce redundant tasks and streamline workflows to provide a consistently better customer experience. Management will continue to foster a culture of continuous improvement where each employee is empowered to find ways to make every process more efficient and effective in their daily routines. Benefits include increased employee engagement, customer satisfaction and loyalty and greater efficiency and productivity. As the Bank grows, processes must continue to be scaled, allowing for growth, as well as addition of incremental capabilities without requiring similar growth in infrastructure or staffing.

 Leveraging technology to enable revenue growth will continue to be a strategic focus. The Bank will continue to explore and evaluate technology offerings from FinTechs to identify partnering opportunities to enhance systems, infrastructure, processes, and/or organizational structure to improve delivery channels or ensure regulatory compliance. The Company recognizes that technology must be nimble and quick, and touch-points must be customer friendly. The Bank also wants to ensure that all system options and capabilities are utilized to more efficiently and effectively make better use of all resources.

 Critical Accounting Policies
 Certain of our accounting policies are important to the presentation of our financial condition, since they require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Estimates associated with these policies are susceptible to material changes as a result of changes in facts and circumstances. Facts and circumstances that could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. The Company has identified the allowance for credit losses on loans and income taxes to be critical accounting policies. These accounting policies are discussed in detail in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8.

 Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
 General. The Company recorded a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $11.9 million compared to net loss of $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increased loss was largely driven by a decrease of $4.4 million in net interest income.
 Interest Income. Interest income increased $6.3 million, or 8.0%, to $85.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $79.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Interest income from loans and securities increased $4.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. While the average balance of loans and securities decreased $16.4 million and $20.3 million, respectively, the yield on loans and securities increased as loans and securities were originated at higher rates during the year. Additionally, the average balances of cash and cash equivalents increased $12.0 million and the yield on cash and cash equivalents increased 18 basis points during 2024.
 Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $10.7 million, or 28.8%, to $47.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $37.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in interest expense was driven by an increase of $12.7 million in interest expense on deposits partially offset by a decrease of $2.0 million in interest expense on borrowings. During 2024, the cost of time deposits and interest-bearing core deposits increased by 121 basis points and 13 basis points, respectively, while the cost of FHLB advances decreased by 12 basis points. The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $52.6 million as we grew deposits, however, interest-bearing core deposits (checking, savings and money market accounts) decreased by $112.0 million and average time deposits increased $164.6 million. The average balance of FHLB advances decreased $48.0 million.
 Net Interest Income and Margin. For the year ended December 31, 2024 net interest income was $37.6 million, a decrease of $4.4 million or 10.4%, compared to $41.9 million for same period in 2023.
 Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by 19 basis points to 1.90% from 2.09% for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year, the increase in cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpaced the increase in yield on interest-earning assets. The cost of average interest-bearing liabilities increased 65 basis points to 2.95% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 2.30% for the year ended December 31, 2023, while the yield on average interest-earning assets increased 38 basis points to 4.32% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 3.94% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The total cost of deposits and total cost of funds increased 90 basis points and 64 basis points, respectively.

 Provision for Credit Losses. The Company recorded a release of provision for credit losses of $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to a release of provision for credit losses of $441 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2023. The net release of provision in 2024 consisted of a release of provision of $1.1 million on loans, $146 thousand for commitments and letters of credit and $60 thousand on held-to-maturity securities. During 2024, credit quality improved with reductions in non-performing loan balances of $1.0 million, coupled with modest growth in the loan portfolio.
 Non-interest Income. Non-interest income was relatively stable at $1.8 million for both years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. There was a slight decrease of $11 thousand, or 0.6%. During 2024, fees and service charges were up minimally and the Company recorded a gain on sale of an REO property of $123 thousand; however, there was a reduction in gain on sale of loans and a lack of gain on sale of securities.
 Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense totaled $52.6 million and $51.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an increase of $1.0 million or 2.0%. The increase was primarily driven by increases in compensation and benefits costs of $994 thousand and in FDIC premiums of $56 thousand, offset in part by a decrease in data processing of $471 thousand and professional services of $118 thousand.
 Income Tax Expense. The Company's current tax position reflects the previously established full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2024 and 2023 the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets was $25.1 million and $24.0 million, respectively. The Company did not record a tax benefit for the loss incurred during 2024 and 2023 because a full valuation allowance was required on its deferred tax assets.

 Analysis of Net Interest Income
 Net interest income represents the difference between income on interest-earning assets and expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income depends on the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the rates of interest earned on such assets and paid on such liabilities.
 Average Balances and Yields. The following table presents information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income and dividends from average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting annualized average yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. Average balances have been calculated using daily balances. Non-accrual loans are included in average balances only. Amortization of loan origination fees are included in interest income on loans and are not material.

 2024
 2023

 Average Balance
 Interest
 Average
Yield/Cost
 Average Balance
 Interest
 Average
Yield/Cost

 Assets:

 Loans (1)
 $
 1,553,143
 $
 70,185
 4.52
 %
 $
 1,569,590
 $
 65,685
 4.18
 %

 Mortgage-backed securities
 173,691
 4,276
 2.46
 %
 172,405
 3,693
 2.14
 %

 Other investment securities
 174,172
 6,440
 3.70
 %
 195,754
 6,010
 3.07
 %

 FHLB stock
 18,038
 1,756
 9.73
 %
 21,249
 1,582
 7.45
 %

 Cash and cash equivalents
 58,261
 2,794
 4.80
 %
 46,245
 2,135
 4.62
 %

 Total interest earning assets
 1,977,305
 85,451
 4.32
 %
 2,005,243
 79,105
 3.94
 %

 Non-interest earning assets
 59,832
 56,297

 Total assets
 $
 2,037,137
 $
 2,061,540

 Liabilities and shareholders' equity:

 NOW, savings, and money market deposits
 $
 610,172
 7,803
 1.28
 %
 $
 722,149
 8,339
 1.15
 %

 665,740
 29,027
 4.36
 %
 501,124
 15,777
 3.15
 %

 Interest bearing deposits
 1,275,912
 36,830
 2.89
 %
 1,223,273
 24,116
 1.97
 %

 FHLB advances
 348,306
 11,071
 3.18
 %
 396,265
 13,070
 3.30
 %

 Total interest bearing liabilities
 1,624,218
 47,901
 2.95
 %
 1,619,538
 37,186
 2.30
 %

 Non-interest bearing deposits
 24,980
 25,227

 Non-interest bearing other
 42,345
 43,868

 Total liabilities
 1,691,543
 1,688,633

 Total shareholders' equity
 345,594
 372,907

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 2,037,137
 $
 2,061,540

 Net interest income
 $
 37,550
 $
 41,919

 Net interest rate spread (2)
 1.37
 %
 1.64
 %

 Net interest margin (3)
 1.90
 %
 2.09
 %

 (1) Average loan balances are net of deferred loan fees and costs, premiums and discounts and includes non-accrual loans.
 (2) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
 (3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

 Rate/Volume Table
 The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on net interest income. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The net column represents the sum of the prior columns. Changes attributable to changes in both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. There were no out-of-period items or adjustments excluded from this table.

 2024 vs. 2023

 Increase (Decrease) Due to

 Volume
 Rate
 Net

 Interest income:

 Loans
 $
 (781)
 $
 5,281
 $
 4,500

 Mortgage-backed securities

 Other investment securities
 (663)
 1,093

 FHLB stock
 (238)

 Cash and cash equivalents

 Total interest-earning assets
 $
 (1,099)
 $
 7,445
 $
 6,346

 Interest expense:

 Interest-bearing deposits
 $
 3,872
 $
 8,842
 $
 12,714

 FHLB advances
 (1,576)
 (423)
 (1,999)

 Total interest-bearing liabilities
 2,296
 8,419
 10,715

 Net decrease in net interest income
 $
 (3,395)
 $
 (974)
 $
 (4,369)

 Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
 Total Assets. Total assets increased $15.7 million to $2.06 billion at December 31, 2024.
 Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents was $42.5 million at December 31, 2024 and $46.0 million at December 31, 2023.
 Securities Available-For-Sale. Securities available-for-sale increased $13.3 million, or 4.7%, to $297.0 million at December 31, 2024 from $283.8 million at December 31, 2023 due to purchases and a $3.3 million improvement in the unrealized loss position on the portfolio, partially offset by amortization, maturities and calls during the year.
 Securities Held-To-Maturity. Securities held-to-maturity totaled $33.1 million at December 31, 2024 decreasing $178 thousand from $33.3 million at December 31, 2023, primarily due to amortization, partially offset by a reduction in the provision for credit losses on HTM securities.
 Other investments. Other investments decreased $2.6 million, or 12.6%, to $17.8 million at December 31, 2024 from $20.3 million at December 31, 2023. The change was due to a decrease in Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock as a result of a reduction in FHLB borrowings.

 Gross Loans. Gross loans held for investment increased $22.8 million, or 1.5%, to $1.58 billion at December 31, 2024 from $1.56 billion at December 31, 2023. Commercial real estate loans increased $27.1 million, construction loans increased $25.1 million, consumer loans increased $7.2 million and commercial and industrial loans increased $4.5 million, while the residential and multifamily loan portfolios decreased $32.7 million and $11.4 million, respectively. Loan fundings totaled $108.4 million during 2024, including originations of $35.7 million in commercial real estate loans, $33.7 million in construction loans, $12.2 million in multifamily loans and $11.2 million in commercial and industrial loans. In addition, the Company purchased $21.6 million of conforming residential mortgages in New Jersey and participated in an $8.0 million consumer loan during the year.
 The following table presents loans allocated by loan category:

 $
 $

 7,211

 The table below presents the balance of non-performing assets on the dates indicated:

 $
 4,377
 $
 5,884

 —

 Total
 $
 5,104
 $
 6,118

 Other real estate owned
 —

 Total non-performing assets
 $
 5,104
 $
 6,711

 Other Assets. Other assets decreased $10.8 million, or 40.0%, to $16.3 million at December 31, 2024 from $27.1 million at December 31, 2023 due to the timing of the settlement of a matured security in 2023.
 Total Deposits. Total deposits increased $98.4 million or 7.9% to $1.34 billion at December 31, 2024 compared to $1.24 billion at December 31, 2023, largely due to an increase in customer deposits. Core deposits (defined as non-interest bearing deposits, NOW and demand accounts, and savings accounts) represented 47.3% of total deposits compared to 48.8% at December 31, 2023, as time deposits increased $110.7 million. The increase in time deposits includes $30.0 million in brokered deposits, bringing the total brokered deposit balance to $155.0 million at December 31, 2024. Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits from third-party customers were $147.6 million, or 11% of deposits, at the end of December 31, 2024.

 The following table presents the totals of deposit accounts by account type, at the dates shown below:

 Non-interest bearing deposits
 $
 26,001
 $
 27,739

 NOW and demand accounts (1)
 369,554
 361,139

 Savings (1)

 240,426
 259,402

 596,624

 Total deposits
 $
 1,343,320
 $
 1,244,904

 (1) Money market accounts are included within the NOW and demand accounts and savings captions.
 Borrowings. The Company had $339.5 million of borrowings at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $58.0 million, or 14.6%, from $397.5 million at December 31, 2023. During the year, we were able to pay off maturing borrowings as deposit growth outpaced asset growth. Borrowings consisted solely of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York advances; $224.0 million of which are associated with longer-dated swap agreements. See Note 12, Derivatives, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Part II, Item 8- Financial Statements."
 Total Shareholders' Equity. Total shareholders' equity decreased by $23.4 million, or 6.6%, to $332.2 million at December 31, 2024 compared to $355.6 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease was driven by the Company's repurchase of 1,920,940 of its shares at a cost of $19.4 million and the net loss of $11.9 million. These decreases were partially offset by improvements in accumulated other comprehensive loss and the cost of equity compensation already reflected in equity. Treasury shares totaling 406,950 were used to fund the shareholder-approved restricted stock grants.
 Off-Balance Sheet. To help manage our interest rate position, the Company had $349.0 million in interest rate hedges at December 31, 2024, with a weighted average duration of 2.4 years. This represents an increase of $90.0 million from December 31, 2023, when interest rate hedges totaled $259.0 million with a weighted average duration of 3.2 years. See Note 12, Derivatives, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Part II, Item 8- Financial Statements."

 Liquidity and Capital Resources
 Liquidity is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term and long-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, maturities of securities and FHLB advances and other borrowings. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, calls of investment securities and borrowed funds and prepayments on loans are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition. Additionally, deposit flows are impacted by general deposit behavior. Our primary use of funds is for the origination and purchase of loans and the purchase of securities.
 Management regularly adjusts our investments in liquid assets based upon an assessment of (1) expected loan demand, (2) expected deposit flows, (3) yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities, and (4) the objectives of our interest-rate risk and investment policies.
 The Bank has entered into derivative financial instruments to reduce risk associated with interest rate volatility by matching repricing terms of assets and liabilities. These derivatives had an aggregate notional amount of $349.0 million and $259.0 million at of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 12, Derivatives, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in "Part II, Item 8- Financial Statements."

 At December 31, 2024, we had outstanding commitments to originate loans of $20.9 million and unused lines of credit of $84.6 million. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our current loan origination commitments. Certificates of deposit that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from December 31, 2024 totaled $697.2 million. Management expects, based on historical experience, that a substantial portion of the maturing certificates of deposit will be retained. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may utilize wholesale funding or raise interest rates on customer deposits to attract new accounts, which may result in higher levels of interest expense. Available borrowing capacity at December 31, 2024 was $270.6 million with FHLB. We also had the ability to borrow up to $107.7 million at the FRB's Discount Window and a $30.0 million available line of credit with a correspondent bank at December 31, 2024. Additionally, 63.4% of the Bank's investment securities are unencumbered and could be used as collateral for additional borrowing capacity.
 We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to originate loans, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit, which involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of the instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments that we do for on-balance sheet instruments. Management believes that our current sources of liquidity are more than sufficient to fulfill our obligations as of December 31, 2024, pursuant to off-balance-sheet arrangements and contractual obligations.
 Blue Foundry Bancorp is a separate legal entity from Blue Foundry Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to fund dividend payments, stock repurchases, and other corporate risk factors. The Company's primary source of liquidity is the issuance of stock and the receipt of dividend payments from the Bank in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2024, Blue Foundry Bancorp (unconsolidated) had liquid assets of $41.3 million.
 The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the NJDOBI and the FDIC. At December 31, 2024, the Bank exceeded all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and was considered "well capitalized" under regulatory guidelines. See "Item 1. Business—Supervision and Regulation—Federal Banking Regulation—Capital Requirements" and Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
 Qualitative Analysis. Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because, as a financial institution, the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO")/Investment Committee, which consists of members of management, is responsible for evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for determining the level of risk that is appropriate, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the policy and guidelines approved by our Board of Directors. We currently utilize a third-party modeling program, prepared on a quarterly basis, to evaluate our sensitivity to changing interest rates and assess liquidity requirements and modify our lending, investing and deposit gathering strategies accordingly. On a quarterly basis, our Board reviews various ALCO reports that estimate the sensitivity of the economic value of equity and net interest income under various interest rate scenarios.
 We have sought to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. We have implemented the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk: growing target deposit accounts; utilizing our investment securities portfolio and interest rate swaps as part of our balance sheet asset and liability and interest rate risk management strategy to reduce the impact of movements in interest rates on net interest income and economic value of equity, which can create temporary valuation adjustments to equity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income; continuing the diversification of our loan portfolio by adding more commercial loans, which typically have shorter maturities and/or balloon payments. By following these strategies, we believe that we are better positioned to react to increases and decreases in market interest rates.

 Other than cash flow hedging on interest expense, we generally do not engage in hedging activities such as engaging in futures or options, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage-backed securities.
 The Bank has entered into derivative financial instruments to reduce risk associated with interest rate volatility. These derivatives are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Bank's known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Bank's wholesale fundings. These derivatives had an aggregate notional amount of $349.0 million as of December 31, 2024.
 Quantitative Analysis. As noted, we use a third-party industry standard asset/liability model to complete our quarterly interest rate risk reports. The model projects net interest income based on various interest rate scenarios and horizons. We use a combination of analyses to monitor our exposure to changes in interest rates.
 Our net interest income sensitivity analysis determines the relative balance between the repricing of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions over various horizons. This asset and liability analysis includes expected cash flows from loans and securities, using forecasted prepayment rates, reinvestment rates, as well as contractual and forecasted liability cash flows. This analysis identifies mismatches in the timing of asset and liability cash flows but does not necessarily provide an accurate indicator of interest rate risk because the rate forecasts and assumptions used in the analysis may not reflect actual experience. The economic value of equity ("EVE") analysis estimates the change in the net present value ("NPV") of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts over a range of immediate rate shock interest rate scenarios. In calculating changes in EVE, for the various scenarios we forecast loan and securities prepayment rates and deposit decay rates.
 Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.
 A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100-basis point increase in the "Basis Point Change in Interest Rates" column below.
 The following table sets forth, at December 31, 2024, the calculation of the estimated changes to the Bank's net interest income, at the Bank level, that would result from the specified immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve. For purposes of this table, 100 basis points equals 1%.

 Net Interest Income

 Change in Interest Rates (basis points)
 Change

 +200
 $
 48,719
 1,209
 2.5
 %

 +100
 48,153
 1.4

 47,510
 —
 —

 -100
 49,117
 1,607
 3.4

 -200
 50,419
 2,909
 6.1

 The following table sets forth, at December 31, 2024, the calculation of the estimated changes in our NPV, at the Bank level, that would result from the specified immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve. For purposes of this table, 100 basis points equals 1%.

 NPV

 Change in Interest Rates (basis points)
 Estimated NPV
 Estimated Increase (Decrease)
 NPV as a Percent of Portfolio Value of Assets

 NPV Ratio
 Change

 +200
 $
 117,583
 $
 (70,082)
 (37.3)
 %
 5.7
 %
 (3.4)

 +100
 152,321
 (35,344)
 (18.8)
 7.4
 (1.7)

 187,665
 —
 —
 9.1
 —

 -100
 220,891
 33,226
 17.7
 10.7
 1.6

 -200
 253,350
 65,684
 35.0
 12.3
 3.2

 The table above indicates that at December 31, 2024, in the event of an instantaneous 100 basis point increase in interest rates, the Bank would experience a 19% decrease in NPV. In the event of an instantaneous 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would experience a 18% increase in NPV.
 Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. The above tables assume that the composition of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the date indicated remains constant uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the table provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, the data does not reflect any actions we may take in response to changes in interest rates. In addition, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our NPV and will differ from actual results.

 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 The following are included in this item:

 A.
 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 B.
 Consolidated Financial Statements:

 (1)
 Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (2)
 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (3)
 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (4)
 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (5)
 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (6)
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 C.
 Blue Foundry Bancorp Condensed Financial Statements:

 (1)
 Condensed Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (2)
 Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 (3)
 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
 Blue Foundry Bancorp:
 Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Blue Foundry Bancorp and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 Change in Accounting Principle
 As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for the recognition and measurement of credit losses as of January 1, 2023 due to the adoption of ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.
 Basis for Opinion
 These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 /s/ KPMG LLP
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.
 New York, New York

 Consolidated Balance Sheets
 (In thousands, except share data)

 ASSETS

 Cash and cash equivalents

 $
 42,502
 $
 46,025

 Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
 283,766

 Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $ 29,995 at December 31, 2024 and $ 28,323 at December 31, 2023, and allowance for credit losses of $ 98 at December 31, 2024 and $ 158 at December 31, 2023)

 33,076
 33,254

 FHLB stock and other investments
 17,791
 20,346

 Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 12,965 at December 31, 2024 and $ 14,154 at December 31, 2023

 1,570,517
 1,546,576

 Real estate owned, net
 —

 Interest and dividends receivable
 8,014
 7,595

 Premises and equipment, net
 29,486
 32,475

 Right-of-use assets
 23,470
 25,172

 Bank owned life insurance
 22,519
 22,034

 Other assets
 16,280
 27,127

 Total assets
 $
 2,060,683
 $
 2,044,963

 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Liabilities

 Deposits
 $
 1,343,320
 $
 1,244,904

 Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank
 339,500
 397,500

 Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance
 9,356
 8,929

 Lease liabilities
 25,168
 26,777

 Other liabilities
 11,141
 11,213

 Total liabilities
 1,728,485
 1,689,323

 Shareholders' equity

 Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value, 10,000,000 authorized; none issued

 —
 —

 Common stock $ 0.01 par value; 70,000,000 shares authorized; 28,522,500 shares issued at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 22,522,626 and 24,509,950 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively

 Additional paid-in capital
 277,304
 273,991

 Retained earnings
 152,429
 164,340

 Treasury Stock, at cost: 5,999,874 shares at December 31, 2024 and 4,012,550 shares at December 31, 2023

 ( 59,699)
 ( 40,016)

 Unallocated common shares held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan
 ( 19,167)
 ( 20,080)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 ( 18,954)
 ( 22,880)

 Total shareholders' equity
 332,198
 355,640

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 2,060,683
 $
 2,044,963

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 For the Year Ended December 31,

 2024
 2023

 Interest income:

 Loans
 $
 70,185
 $
 65,685

 Taxable investment income
 15,122
 12,990

 Non-taxable investment income

 Total interest income
 85,451
 79,105

 Interest expense:

 Deposits
 36,830
 24,116

 Borrowed funds
 11,071
 13,070

 Total interest expense
 47,901
 37,186

 Net interest income
 37,550
 41,919

 Release of credit losses
 ( 1,350)
 ( 441)

 Net interest income after release of credit losses
 38,900
 42,360

 Non-interest income:

 Fees and service charges
 1,203
 1,164

 Gain on securities, net
 —

 Gain on sale of loans

 Other income

 Total non-interest income
 1,794
 1,805

 Non-interest expense:

 Compensation and benefits
 29,433
 28,439

 Occupancy and equipment
 8,878
 8,350

 Data processing
 5,648
 6,119

 Advertising

 Professional services
 2,903
 3,021

 Federal deposit insurance

 Other expense
 4,596
 4,480

 Total non-interest expense
 52,605
 51,562

 Loss before income tax expense

 Income tax expense
 —
 —

 $
 $

 Basic and diluted loss per share
 $
 ( 0.55)
 $
 ( 0.31)

 Weighted average shares outstanding-basic
 21,477,429
 23,925,724

 Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted
 21,477,429
 23,925,724

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

 2024
 2023

 $
 $

 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (1):

 Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale:

 Unrealized gain arising during the period
 3,273
 5,504

 Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net income
 —
 ( 20)

 3,273
 5,484

 Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge:

 Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period
 ( 5,574)
 1,963

 Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) included in net income
 6,355
 ( 5,472)

 Post-Retirement plans:

 Net actuarial loss

 Total other comprehensive income, net of tax (1):
 3,926
 1,839

 Comprehensive loss
 $
 ( 7,985)
 $
 ( 5,558)

 (1) Includes a deferred tax valuation allowance equal to the net tax benefit.

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
 Year Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
 (In thousands, except share data)

 Common
Stock
 Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Treasury Stock
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Unallocated Common Stock Held by ESOP
 Total
Shareholders'
Equity

 Shares
 Par Value

 (In thousands, except share data)

 Balance at January 1, 2023
 27,523,219
 $
 $
 279,454
 $
 171,763
 $
 ( 12,072)
 $
 ( 24,719)
 $
 ( 20,993)
 $
 393,718

 Cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-13
 —
 —
 —
 ( 18)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 18)

 Cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2022-02
 —
 —
 —
 ( 8)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 8)

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,839
 —
 1,839

 Purchase of Treasury stock
 ( 3,717,949)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 36,268)
 —
 —
 ( 36,268)

 Treasury stock allocated to restricted stock plan, net of forfeitures
 704,680
 —
 ( 8,324)
 —
 8,324
 —
 —
 —

 Compensation cost for stock options and restricted stock
 —
 —
 2,879
 —
 —
 —
 —
 2,879

 ESOP shares committed to be released ( 91,272 shares)

 —
 —
 ( 18)
 —
 —
 —

 24,509,950
 $
 $
 273,991
 $
 164,340
 $
 ( 40,016)
 $
 ( 22,880)
 $
 ( 20,080)
 $
 355,640

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive loss
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 3,926
 —
 3,926

 Purchase of Treasury stock
 ( 1,945,241)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 19,444)
 —
 —
 ( 19,444)

 Treasury stock allocated to restricted stock plan, net of forfeitures
 ( 42,083)
 —
 —
 ( 239)
 —
 —
 ( 70)

 Compensation cost for stock options and restricted stock
 —
 —
 3,166
 —
 —
 —
 —
 3,166

 ESOP shares committed to be released ( 91,272 shares)

 —
 —
 ( 22)
 —
 —
 —

 Balance at December 31, 2024

 22,522,626
 $
 $
 277,304
 $
 152,429
 $
 ( 59,699)
 $
 ( 18,954)
 $
 ( 19,167)
 $
 332,198

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 2024
 2023

 Cash flows from operating activities

 $
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
 3,126
 2,870

 Change in right-of-use asset
 2,875
 2,822

 (Accretion) amortization of:

 Deferred loan fees, costs, premiums and discounts, net
 ( 168)
 ( 598)

 Premiums and discounts on securities, net
 1,044

 Release of provision for credit losses/loan losses
 ( 1,350)
 ( 441)

 Gain on sales and calls of securities, net
 —
 ( 20)

 Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
 5,479

 Gains on sale of loans, net
 ( 36)
 ( 231)

 Origination of loans held for sale
 ( 450)
 ( 5,248)

 Loss on premises and equipment

 Net gain on sale of real estate owned
 ( 123)
 —

 Increase in BOLI cash surrender value
 ( 485)
 ( 458)

 ESOP and stock-based compensation expense
 4,057
 3,774

 Increase in interest and dividends receivable
 ( 419)
 ( 702)

 Decrease (increase) in other assets
 10,648
 ( 7,498)

 Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
 ( 2,892)

 Change in lease liability
 ( 2,782)
 ( 2,635)

 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 5,063
 ( 12,118)

 Cash flows from investing activities

 Net payments (originations) of loans
 6,910
 ( 8,854)

 Purchases of mortgage and consumer loans
 ( 29,539)
 ( 6,804)

 Proceeds from sale of real estate owned
 —

 Purchases of securities available-for-sale
 ( 89,108)
 ( 15,524)

 Proceeds from sales and calls of securities available-for-sale
 —
 11,674

 Principal payments and maturities on securities available-for-sale
 78,632
 39,085

 Purchases of other investments
 ( 150)
 —

 Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 ( 47,120)
 ( 57,200)

 Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 49,793
 52,875

 Proceeds from bank owned life insurance
 —

 Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
 —

 Purchases of premises and equipment
 ( 140)
 ( 5,571)

 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
 ( 30,006)
 10,301

 Cash flows from financing activities

 Net change in deposits
 98,416
 ( 43,958)

 Proceeds from advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 1,006,000
 2,292,000

 Repayments of advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 ( 1,064,000)
 ( 2,205,000)

 Net decrease (increase) in advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance
 ( 373)

 Purchase of treasury stock
 ( 19,423)
 ( 36,009)

 Net cash provided by financing activities
 21,420
 6,660

 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
 ( 3,523)
 4,843

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 46,025
 41,182

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 $
 42,502
 $
 46,025

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 2024
 2023

 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

 Cash paid during the period for:

 Interest
 $
 48,042
 $
 36,314

 Income taxes

 Supplemental noncash disclosures

 Transfers of loans to other real estate owned
 —

 Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets
 1,173
 2,088

 NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 Principles of Consolidation
 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Blue Foundry Bancorp (the "Company"), and its wholly owned subsidiary, Blue Foundry Bank (the "Bank"), and the Bank's wholly owned subsidiaries, TrackView LLC and Blue Foundry Investment Company (collectively, the "Company"). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Blue Foundry Bancorp owns 100 % of the common stock of Blue Foundry Bank.
 Business
 The Company provides a wide range of banking services to individual and business customers through branch offices in New Jersey. The Company is subject to competition from other financial institutions and to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies, and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.
 On July 15, 2021, the Company became the holding company for the Bank when Blue Foundry, MHC completed its conversion into the stock holding company form of organization. In connection with the conversion, the Company sold 27,772,500 shares of common stock at a price of $ 10 per share, for gross proceeds of $ 277.7 million. The Company contributed 750,000 shares of common stock and $ 1.5 million in cash to Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation, Inc. and established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") acquiring 2,281,800 shares of common stock. Shares of the Company's common stock began trading on July 16, 2021 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol "BLFY."
 Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
 The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The audited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statement of financial condition and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We may reclassify prior year financial statements to conform to the current presentation. The results of operations and other data presented for the year ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for subsequent periods.
 Segment Reporting
 As a community-focused financial institution, substantially all of the Company's operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of these community banking operations, which constitute the Company's only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
 Cash and Cash Equivalents
 Cash and cash equivalents include cash and deposits with other financial institutions with maturities fewer than 90 days.
 Securities
 Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Securities to be held for indefinite periods of time and not intended to be held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities available-for-sale are excluded from earnings with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax adjusted for deferred tax valuation allowances, until realized. Securities available-for-sale are those which management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy and which may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk and other factors related to interest rate risk. Gains and losses on sales are recognized on a trade-date basis using the specific identification method.

 Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized/accreted to income using the level yield method or a method that approximates level yield. Premiums are amortized over the remaining period to the earliest call date or contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Discounts on securities are accreted to income over the remaining period to the contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis.
 Allowance for Credit Losses on Securities
 The Company adopted the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") methodology on January 1, 2023. ASU 2016-13, which eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and instead requires entities to determine if impairment is related to credit loss or non-credit loss. In making the assessment of whether a loss is from credit or other factors, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is created, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.
 For Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
 On a quarterly basis the Company evaluates the AFS debt securities for impairment. Securities that are not 100% guaranteed or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, that are in an unrealized loss position are reviewed to determine if a securities loss were due to credit impairment factors. The primary factors considered in evaluating whether an impairment exists include: (a) the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, (b) the financial condition, credit rating and future prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the debtor is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, and (d) whether the Company intends to sell the security and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security.
 If a determination is made that an AFS debt security is impaired, the Company will estimate the amount of the unrealized loss that is attributable to credit and all other non-credit related factors. The credit related component will be recognized as a provision for credit losses through an allowance for securities credit losses. The securities provision for credit losses will be limited to the difference between the security's amortized cost basis and fair value and any future changes may be reversed, limited to the amount previously expensed, in the period they occur. The non-credit related component will be recorded as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
 For Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
 The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities is initially recognized upon acquisition of the securities, and subsequently remeasured on a quarterly basis. Expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities through the life of the financial instrument are estimated and recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to current earnings. Subsequent favorable or unfavorable changes in expected cash flow will decrease or increase the allowance for credit losses through a charge to the provision for credit losses.
 Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities on a collective basis by major security type. The held-to-maturity portfolio is classified into the following major security types: corporate bonds and asset-backed securities.
 At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether the securities in a segment continue to exhibit similar risk characteristics as the other securities in the segment. If the risk characteristics of a security change, such that they are no longer similar to other securities in the segment, the Company will evaluate the security with a different segment that shares more similar risk characteristics.
 The Company has a non-accrual policy that results in a timely reversal of interest receivable, therefore the Company made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable on securities from the estimate of credit losses.

 FHLB stock and Other Investments
 Other investments consists primarily of membership and activity-based shares in the FHLB of New York. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors. FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. Other investments also consists of, to a much lesser extent, an investment in a financial technology fund carried at net asset value ("NAV") and shares in a cooperative that provides community banking core technology solutions carried at cost. The fair value of the financial technology fund investment is estimated using the NAV of the Company's ownership interest in partners' capital, which approximates fair value. Increases or decreases in NAV are recorded in other income.
 Loans Receivable
 Loans receivable are stated at unpaid principal balance, net of deferred fees, costs, premiums and discounts and the allowance for credit losses on loans. Interest on loans is recognized based upon the principal amount outstanding. Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the level yield method over the contractual life of the individual loans, adjusted for actual prepayments.
 The loan portfolio is categorized according to collateral type, loan purpose, lien position, or borrower type (i.e., commercial, consumer). The categories used include residential, multifamily, commercial real estate, construction and land, junior liens, commercial and industrial, and consumer and other.
 For all loan classes, the accrual of income on loans, including impaired loans, is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or when certain factors indicate reasonable doubt as to the ability of the borrower to meet contractual principal and/or interest obligations. Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. All previously accrued interest is reversed and income is recognized subsequently only in the period received, provided the remaining principal balance is deemed collectible. A nonaccrual loan is not returned to an accrual status until principal and interest payments are brought current and factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist.
 Principal and interest payments received on non-accrual loans for which the remaining principal balance is not deemed collectible are applied as a reduction to principal and interest income is not recognized. If the principal balance on the loan is later deemed collectible and the loan is returned to accrual status, any interest payments that were applied to principal while on non-accrual are recorded as an unearned discount on the loan, classified as deferred fees, costs and discounts, and are recognized into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining contractual life of the individual loan, adjusted for actual prepayments.
 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
 Under the CECL model, the allowance for credit losses on financial assets is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is deducted from the financial assets' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets.
 The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on loans based on the underlying assets' amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to write-off accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis and therefore excludes it from the measurement of the allowance for credit loss.
 Changes in expected credit losses are reflected through a charge to the provision for credit losses. The Company's estimate of the allowance for credit loss reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the allowance for credit losses is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible. When available information confirms that specific loans, securities, other assets, or portions thereof, are uncollectible, these amounts are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses when received.

 The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective portfolio segment basis when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. The Company generally measures expected credit losses using discounted cash flows ("DCF") models at the portfolio segment level, whereby the total shortfall in comparing the portfolio segment DCFs to the amortized cost basis reflects management's estimate of expected credit losses.
 Our CECL models for loans include the following major items:
 • a historical loss period, which represents a full economic credit cycle utilizing loss experience including peer bank historical loss data, to calculate probabilities of default at the portfolio segment level;
 • macroeconomic variable forecasts, including the national housing price index, unemployment, and gross domestic product, to adjust probabilities of default over a reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, based on management's current review of the reliability of extended forecasts;
 • a reversion period of one year to adjust probabilities of default (after the reasonable and supportable forecast period) to historical means using a straight-line approach;
 • a risk index that measures loss given defaults as a function of probabilities of default at the portfolio segment level;
 • expected prepayment rates based on our historical experience and benchmark assumptions where internal data is limited; and
 • incorporation of qualitative factors not captured within the modeled results.
 For collateral dependent financial assets where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the allowance for credit loss is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. Fair value is calculated based on the value of the underlying collateral less an appraisal discount and the estimated cost to sell.
 Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Exposures
 The Company records changes in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures through a charge to provision for credit losses. The allowance for credit loss on off-balance-sheet credit exposures is estimated by portfolio segment at each balance sheet date under the CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration management's assumption of the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
 Premises and Equipment
 Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are generally stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and fair value adjustments. Depreciation and amortization is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or leases. Repair and maintenance items are expensed and major improvements are capitalized. Upon retirement or sale, any gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Construction in progress represents costs incurred to develop assets for future use.
 Leases and Lease Obligations
 The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for financial centers, administrative and office operations locations, and information technology equipment. The Company's leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one to 15 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. The Company's leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on the Company's balance sheet.

 Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets ("ROU") and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.
 The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company's incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors.
 Bank Owned Life Insurance
 The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key individuals. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.
 Income Taxes
 Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
 The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets at least annually in accordance with ASC 740-10-30-5(e), and may determine that it is more-likely-than-not that a portion, or all, of the assets would require a valuation allowance. Based on this evaluation, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance for the amount of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized.
 A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the "more likely than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded.
 The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in other operating expenses.
 Treasury Stock
 Repurchases of Company common stock are classified as treasury stock shares carried at cost and presented as a reduction of shareholders' equity. Treasury stock is not considered outstanding for share count purposes and are excluded from average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. Reissued treasury stock at an amount greater (less) than paid to repurchase the shares will result in a gain (loss) on the reissuance of the shares. The gain or loss will be recognized in shareholders' equity. A gain on the reissuance of treasury shares are credited to additional paid-in capital. A loss on the reissuance of treasury shares are debited to additional paid-in capital to the extent previous net gains from the same class of stock are included in additional paid-in capital. Losses in excess of gains in additional paid-in capital are charged to retained earnings.

 The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company's intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment ("fair value hedge"), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability ("cash flow hedge"), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation ("stand-alone derivative"). For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For both types of hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as non-interest income. As of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company's derivatives are all designated in cash flow hedge relationships.
 Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged.
 The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes designating specific swap agreements to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions.
 When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.
 The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements. All the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly or quarterly. In addition, the Company obtains collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its hedges for each counterparty based upon their credit standing and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business.
 Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 Retirement Benefits
 The Company provides certain healthcare benefits, subject to certain limitations, to eligible retirees, based upon years of service and a retirement date prior to January 1, 2019. The Company also provides supplemental retirement benefits to certain directors. The Company measures the cost of these benefits based upon various estimates and assumptions. Costs are recognized as directors render service.

 Employee Stock Ownership Plan
 The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of shareholders' equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares reduce retained earnings; dividends on unearned ESOP shares reduce the ESOP's debt and accrued interest.
 Share-Based Compensation
 The Company maintains an equity incentive plan under which restricted stock and stock options may be granted to employees and directors.
 The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of those awards in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation-Stock Compensation". The Company estimates the per share fair value of option grants on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using assumptions for the expected dividend yield, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected option term. These assumptions are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. The Black-Scholes option pricing model also contains certain inherent limitations when applied to options that are not traded on public markets.
 The per share fair value of options is highly sensitive to changes in assumptions. In general, the per share fair value of options will move in the same direction as changes in the expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected option term, and in the opposite direction as changes in the expected dividend yield. For example, the per share fair value of options will generally increase as expected stock price volatility increases, risk-free interest rate increases, expected option term increases and expected dividend yield decreases. The use of different assumptions or different option pricing models could result in materially different per share fair values of options.
 The Company recognizes compensation expense for the fair values of these awards, which have time vesting, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Company's accounting policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur.
 The Company also grants performance-based awards that are dependent on the achievement of certain metrics over a defined measurement period ending. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0 % and 100 % of target amounts. The awards then convert to time-based awards.
 Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on both securities available-for-sale and derivatives, net of the related tax effect. Also included are changes in the unfunded status of the Company's defined benefit plans, net of the related tax effect, which are recognized as separate components of shareholders' equity.
 Loss Contingencies
 Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 Earnings per share
 Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unallocated ESOP shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. ESOP shares committed to be released are considered to be outstanding for purposes of the earnings per share computation. ESOP shares that have not been legally released, but that relate to employee services rendered during an accounting period (interim or annual) ending before the related debt service payment is made, are considered committed to be released. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options awards and are determined using the treasury stock method. When applying the treasury stock method, we add: (1) the assumed proceeds from option exercises and (2) the average unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options. We then divide this sum by our average stock price to calculate shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted EPS.
 Adoption of New Accounting Standards
 As an "emerging growth company" as defined in Title 1 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act prior to December 31, 2019, the Company elected to use the extended transition period to delay the adoption of new or reissued accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements were made applicable to private companies.
 Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". The amendments in this ASU require improved reportable segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance by the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The Company's CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. This update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures as the Company operates one operating segment. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.

 NOTE 2 – SECURITIES
 Debt Securities
 The amortized cost of securities available-for-sale and their estimated fair values at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Amortized
Cost
 Gross Unrealized Gains

 Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair
Value

 U.S. Treasury Notes
 $
 41,259
 $
 $
 ( 1,160)
 $
 40,139

 75,122
 ( 2,357)
 73,154

 —
 ( 62)

 6,357
 —
 ( 333)
 6,024

 171,754
 ( 22,722)
 149,041

 19,776
 —
 ( 1,033)

 9,312
 —
 ( 197)
 9,115

 Total
 $
 324,454
 $
 $
 ( 27,864)
 $

 U.S. Treasury Notes
 $
 36,935
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,875)
 $

 82,248
 ( 5,681)
 76,623

 11,519
 —
 ( 379)

 6,423
 —
 ( 228)
 6,195

 149,808
 —
 ( 21,266)
 128,542

 12,522
 —
 ( 999)
 11,523

 15,010
 —
 ( 327)
 14,683

 Total
 $
 314,465
 $
 $
 ( 30,755)
 $
 283,766

 The amortized cost of securities held-to-maturity, allowance for credit losses and their estimated fair values at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

 Gross Unrecognized Gains
 Gross Unrecognized Losses
Fair
Value

 $
 $
 —
 $
 ( 993)
 $

 —
 ( 2,186)

 Total
 $
 $
 —
 $
 ( 3,179)
 $

 Allowance for credit loss
 ( 98)

 $
 33,076

 $
 14,812
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,496)
 $
 13,316

 —
 ( 3,593)
 15,007

 Total
 $
 33,412
 $
 —
 $
 ( 5,089)
 $
 28,323

 Allowance for credit loss
 ( 158)

 $
 33,254

 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity totaled $ 98 thousand and $ 158 thousand respectively, and related to the corporate bonds. The asset-backed securities are in an AAA or A1 tranche determined by a third party. No loss is expected on these securities.
 During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no sales or calls of securities available-for-sale. During the year ended December 31, 2023, proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale totaled $ 9.1 million, resulting in gross realized gains of $ 49 thousand and gross realized losses of $ 29 thousand. Calls of securities available-for-sale totaled $ 2.5 million, resulting in no gains or losses during the year ended December 31, 2023.
 Securities pledged at December 31, 2024 and 2023, had a carrying amount of $ 119.8 million and $ 11.7 million, respectively. Unencumbered securities can be pledged to secure borrowings, public deposits and derivatives, as needed.

 The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown below by contractual maturity at December 31, 2024. Expected maturities on mortgage and asset-backed securities generally exceed 20 years; however, they may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

 Amortized Cost (1)

 Estimated Fair Value

 Available-for-sale

 Due in one year or less
 $
 52,605
 $
 52,381

 Due from one year to five years
 22,998
 22,809

 Due from five to ten years
 41,019
 39,287

 Due after ten years
 6,990
 5,652

 123,612
 120,129

 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
 200,842
 176,899

 Total
 $
 324,454
 $

 Held-to-maturity

 Due from five to ten years
 $
 $

 Total
 $
 $

 (1) Excludes the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2024.
 Credit Indicators
 Credit ratings are a key measure for estimating the probability of a bond's default and for monitoring credit quality on an on-going basis. For bonds other than U.S. Treasuries and bonds issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, credit ratings issued by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organization are considered in conjunction with an assessment by the Company's management. Investment grade reflects a credit quality of BBB- or above. None of the Company's securities are on non-accrual status, nor are any past due.
 The table below indicates the credit profile of the Company's debt securities held-to-maturity at amortized cost at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 AAA
 A1
 BBB+
 BBB
 BBB-
 Total

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 1,600
 $
 16,000
 $
 1,000
 $

 8,677
 5,897
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 8,677
 $
 5,897
 $
 1,600
 $
 16,000
 $
 1,000
 $

 AAA
 A1
 BBB+
 BBB
 BBB-
 Total

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 1,600
 $
 11,000
 $
 6,000
 $

 8,844
 5,968
 —
 —
 —
 14,812

 Total
 $
 8,844
 $
 5,968
 $
 1,600
 $
 11,000
 $
 6,000
 $
 33,412

 At December 31, 2023, there was one security with a value of $ 2.0 million included in the BBB rating that had a split rating.

 The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous loss position.

 Less than 12 Months
 12 Months or More
 Total

 Number of Securities

 U.S. Treasury Note
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,160)
 $
 5,776
 $
 ( 1,160)
 $
 5,776

 —
 —
 ( 2,357)
 39,286
 ( 2,357)
 39,286

 —
 —
 ( 62)
 ( 62)

 —
 —
 ( 333)
 6,024
 ( 333)
 6,024

 ( 64)
 18,888
 ( 22,658)
 112,396
 ( 22,722)
 131,284

 ( 56)
 11,237
 ( 977)
 7,506
 ( 1,033)

 —
 —
 ( 197)
 4,115
 ( 197)
 4,115

 Total available-for-sale
 $
 ( 120)
 $
 30,125
 $
 ( 27,744)
 $
 175,915
 $
 ( 27,864)
 $
 206,040

 U.S. Treasury Note
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,875)
 $
 $
 ( 1,875)
 $

 ( 7)
 8,260
 ( 5,674)
 61,156
 ( 5,681)
 69,416

 —
 —
 ( 380)
 ( 380)

 —
 —
 ( 228)
 6,195
 ( 228)
 6,195

 —
 ( 21,266)
 128,535
 ( 21,266)
 128,537

 —
 —
 ( 999)
 11,524
 ( 999)
 11,524

 ( 21)
 4,991
 ( 305)
 4,680
 ( 326)
 9,671

 Total available-for-sale
 $
 ( 28)
 $
 13,253
 $
 ( 30,727)
 $
 258,290
 $
 ( 30,755)
 $
 271,543

 Of the 81 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, 55 are comprised of U.S. Government agency obligations, Treasury notes, and mortgage-backed securities. These securities were all issued by U.S. Government-sponsored entities and agencies. For corporate bonds, obligations issued by U.S. states and their political subdivisions and asset-backed securities in an unrealized loss position, the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and liquidity, not credit quality. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, nor does it foresee being required to sell them before the anticipated recovery or maturity.

 The following table summarizes held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous loss position.

 Less than 12 Months
 12 Months or More
 Total

 Number of Securities

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 2,186)
 $
 $
 ( 2,186)
 $

 —
 —
 ( 993)
 ( 993)

 Total held-to-maturity
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 3,179)
 $
 $
 ( 3,179)
 $

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 3,593)
 $
 15,007
 $
 ( 3,593)
 $
 15,007

 —
 —
 ( 1,496)
 13,316
 ( 1,496)
 13,316

 Total held-to-maturity
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 5,089)
 $
 28,323
 $
 ( 5,089)
 $
 28,323

 The held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, are corporate bonds and asset-backed securities, which experienced a decline in fair value attributable to changes in interest rates and liquidity, not credit quality. The Company also does not intend to sell these securities, nor does it foresee being required to sell them before the anticipated recovery or maturity.
 FHLB Stock and Other Investments
 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, other investments primarily consisted of investments in FHLB stock and, to a much lesser extent, investments in a financial technology fund and a community banking core provider cooperative. Other investments carried at fair value totaled $ 17.6 million and $ 20.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The investment in a financial technology fund is carried at net asset value ("NAV") and totaled $ 226 thousand at December 31, 2024 and $ 109 thousand at December 31, 2023. The Company recorded a net increase in the NAV of $ 33 thousand and $ 78 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a component of other income. The Company's unfunded commitments related to the financial technology fund totaled $ 670 thousand at December 31, 2024.

 NOTE 3 – LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET
 A summary of loans receivable, net, at December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

 $
 $

 7,211

 Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans (1)

 Loans receivable, net
 $
 1,570,517
 $
 1,546,576

 (1) For more information, see Note 4 - Allowance for Credit Losses.

 Loans are recorded at amortized cost, which includes principal balance, net deferred fees or costs, premiums and discounts. The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from amortized cost. Accrued interest receivable is reported separately in the consolidated balance sheets and totaled $ 6.7 million and $ 6.1 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income as an adjustment of yield. At both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net deferred loan fees totaled $ 2.0 million.
 The portfolio classes in the above table have unique risk characteristics with respect to credit quality:
 • Payment on multifamily and commercial real estate mortgages is driven principally by operating results of the managed properties or underlying business and secondarily by the sale or refinance of such properties. Both primary and secondary sources of repayment and the value of the properties in liquidation, may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general.
 • Properties underlying construction loans often do not generate sufficient cash flows to service debt and thus repayment is subject to the ability of the borrower and, if applicable, guarantors, to complete development or construction of the property and carry the project, often for extended periods of time. As a result, the performance of these loans is contingent upon future events whose probability at the time of origination is uncertain.
 • Commercial and industrial ("C&I") loans include C&I revolving lines of credit, term loans, SBA 7a loans and to a lesser extent, Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans. Payments on C&I loans are driven principally by the cash flows of the businesses and secondarily by the sale or refinance of any collateral securing the loans. Both the cash flow and value of the collateral in liquidation may be affected by adverse general economic conditions.
 • The ability of borrowers to service debt in the residential, junior liens and consumer loan portfolios is generally subject to personal income which may be impacted by general economic conditions, such as increased unemployment levels. These loans are predominately collateralized by first and second liens on single family properties. If a borrower cannot maintain the loan, the Company's ability to recover against the collateral in sufficient amount and in a timely manner may be significantly influenced by market, legal and regulatory conditions.
 Credit Quality Indicators
 The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the quality and realizable value of collateral, if any, and the ability of borrowers to service their debts such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. This analysis is performed whenever credit is extended, renewed, or modified, or when an observable event occurs indicating a potential decline in credit quality, and no less than annually for large balance loans. The Company used the following definitions for risk ratings for loan classification:
 Pass – Loans classified as pass are loans performing under the original contractual terms, do not currently pose any identified risk and can range from the highest to pass/watch quality, depending on the degree of potential risk.
 Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the Company's credit position at some future date.
 Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment and liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
 Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

 Loss – Assets classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
 The following table presents the risk category of loans by class of loan and vintage as of December 31, 2024:

 Term Loans by Origination Year

 2024
 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 Pre-2020
 Revolving Loans
 Total

 (in thousands)

 Pass
 $
 24,396
 $
 12,941
 $
 90,735
 $
 101,928
 $
 13,851
 $
 269,751
 $
 —
 $
 513,602

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 4,152
 —
 4,377

 Total
 24,396
 12,941
 90,960
 101,928
 13,851
 274,167
 —

 Pass
 15,690
 16,933
 272,345
 147,322
 34,541
 178,799
 —
 665,630

 —
 —
 5,368
 —
 —
 —
 —
 5,368

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 15,690
 16,933
 277,713
 147,322
 34,541
 178,917
 —

 Pass
 35,728
 26,636
 115,871
 14,489
 14,633
 51,448
 —
 258,805

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 35,728
 26,636
 115,871
 14,489
 14,633
 52,276
 —

 Pass
 6,300
 26,409
 35,342
 17,495
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 6,300
 26,409
 35,342
 17,495
 —
 —
 —

 Pass
 5,833
 4,655
 5,154
 1,102
 8,264
 —
 25,230

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 5,833
 4,655
 5,154
 1,102
 8,456
 —

 Pass
 7,603
 5,730
 2,305
 —
 —
 —
 15,733

 Substandard (1)
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 7,603
 6,293
 2,320
 —
 —
 —

 Pass
 7,186
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 7,211

 Total
 7,186
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 7,211

 Total gross loans
 $
 102,736
 $
 93,867
 $
 525,135
 $
 284,656
 $
 63,247
 $
 513,816
 $
 $

 (1) Balance in 2021 represents PPP loans which carry the federal guarantee of the SBA.

 The following table presents the risk category of loans by class of loan and vintage as of December 31, 2023:

 Term Loans by Origination Year

 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 Pre-2019
 Revolving Loans
 Total

 (in thousands)

 Pass
 $
 13,338
 $
 98,007
 $
 109,193
 $
 14,315
 $
 18,460
 $
 291,069
 $
 —
 $
 544,382

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 5,884
 —
 5,884

 Total
 13,338
 98,007
 109,193
 14,315
 18,460
 297,616
 —

 Pass
 17,144
 281,906
 158,705
 35,407
 56,739
 132,517
 —
 682,418

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 17,144
 281,906
 158,705
 35,407
 56,739
 132,663
 —

 Pass
 26,610
 118,247
 14,785
 15,080
 5,386
 51,493
 —
 231,601

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 26,610
 118,247
 14,785
 15,080
 5,386
 52,397
 —

 Pass
 22,798
 21,067
 16,549
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 22,798
 21,067
 16,549
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Pass
 5,359
 5,234
 1,232
 1,773
 8,560
 —
 22,454

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 5,359
 5,234
 1,232
 1,773
 8,609
 —

 Pass
 7,055
 4,492
 —
 —
 —
 11,729

 Substandard (1)
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 7,055
 4,531
 —
 —
 —

 Pass
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gross loans
 $
 92,329
 $
 524,566
 $
 304,995
 $
 65,175
 $
 82,358
 $
 491,285
 $
 $

 (1) Balance represents PPP loans which carry the federal guarantee of the SBA.

 Past Due and Non-accrual Loans
 The following table presents the recorded investment in past due and current loans by loan portfolio class as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 30-59
Days
Past Due
 60-89
Days
Past Due
 90 Days
and Greater
Past Due
 Total
Past Due
 Current
 Total
Loans
Receivable

 $
 3,085
 $
 $
 3,892
 $
 7,292
 $
 510,951
 $

 —
 —
 670,813

 —
 —
 258,859

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 25,273

 —
 15,733

 —
 —
 —
 —
 7,211
 7,211

 Total
 $
 4,162
 $
 $
 4,056
 $
 9,096
 $
 1,574,386
 $

 $
 $
 $
 3,926
 $
 5,565
 $
 545,364
 $

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 22,454

 —
 —
 11,729

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 4,014
 $
 5,653
 $
 1,555,077
 $

 The following table presents information on non-accrual loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 Non-accrual
 Interest Income Recognized on Non-accrual Loans
 Amortized Cost Basis of Loans > 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing

 Amortized Cost Basis of Non-accrual Loans Without Related Allowance

 $
 4,377
 $
 $
 —
 $
 4,377

 —
 —
 —

 —

 —
 —

 Total
 $
 5,104
 $
 $
 —
 $
 5,104

 $
 5,884
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,884

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total
 $
 6,118
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 6,118

 The Company had no loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Gains and losses on sales of loans are specifically identified and accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
 Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other than insignificant payment delays, terms extensions or a combination thereof intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process show the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest.

 The following table presents the amortized cost basis at December 31, 2024, of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during 2024, disaggregated by type of modification.

 Payment Delays
 Term Extensions
 Total Principal
 % of Total Class of Loans

 $
 —
 $
 $
 0.17
 %

 —
 3.45

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 0.04
 %

 Types of Modifications

 Term extension of 68 months

 Deferral of three payments

 The following table presents the amortized cost basis at December 31, 2023, of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during 2023, disaggregated by type of modification.

 Payment Delays
 Term Extensions
 Total Principal
 % of Total Class of Loans

 $
 2,719
 $
 $
 3,088
 0.56
 %

 Total
 $
 2,719
 $
 $
 3,088
 0.20
 %

 Types of Modifications

 Term extensions of 3 to 12 months

 Amortize past due balances over the remaining life of the loans

 The Company closely monitors the performance of modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the payment status and amortized cost basis at December 31, 2024, of loans that were modified during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2024.

 Current
 60-89 Days Past Due
 Total

 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 Total
 $
 $
 $

 The following table presents the payment status and amortized cost basis at December 31, 2023, of loans that were modified during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2023.

 Current
 Total

 $
 3,088
 $
 3,088

 Total
 $
 3,088
 $
 3,088

 The Company had $ 3.7 million and $ 4.0 million in consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company had no real estate owned and had one residential loan with a carrying value of $ 593 thousand in real estate owned at December 31, 2023.

 NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
 The allowance for credit losses on loans is summarized in the following table:

 2024
 2023

 Balance at beginning of period
 $
 $
 13,400

 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02
 —

 Charge-offs
 ( 56)
 ( 64)

 Recoveries

 Net charge-offs
 ( 45)
 ( 60)

 (Recovery of) provision for credit loss on loans
 ( 1,144)

 Balance at end of period
 $
 $

 The following tables present the activity in the Company's allowance for credit losses by class of loans for 2024 and 2023:

 Charge-offs
 Recoveries
 (Recovery of) Provision for Credit Loss - Loans
 Balance at December 31, 2024

 $
 1,968
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $
 1,989

 7,046
 —
 —
 ( 437)
 6,609

 3,748
 —
 —
 ( 107)
 3,641

 1,222
 —
 —
 ( 762)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 ( 56)
 —

 Total
 $
 $
 ( 56)
 $
 $
 ( 1,144)
 $

 Consumer and other charge-offs relate to overdrafts, which were originated in the fourth quarter of 2023 or in 2024, as it is our policy to charge these off within 60 days of occurrence.

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02
 Charge-offs
 Recoveries
 (Recovery of) Provision for Loan Loss

 $
 2,264
 $
 ( 183)
 $
 ( 18)
 $
 —
 $
 ( 95)
 $
 1,968

 5,491
 2,057
 —
 —
 ( 502)
 7,046

 3,357
 —
 —
 3,748

 1,697
 ( 832)
 —
 —
 1,222

 ( 405)
 —
 —

 ( 23)
 —
 —

 —
 ( 46)
 —

 Unallocated
 ( 93)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 13,400
 $
 $
 ( 64)
 $
 $
 $

 During 2023, one residential loan, that was originated in 2006, had a charge-off of $ 18 thousand and the loan was transferred to other real estate owned in the third quarter of 2023. Consumer and other charge-offs relate to overdrafts, which were originated in the fourth quarter of 2022 or in 2023, as it is our policy to charge these off within 60 days of occurrence.
 The following table represents the allocation of allowance for credit losses on loans and the related recorded investment, including deferred fees and costs, in loans by loan portfolio segment, disaggregated based on the impairment methodology at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

 Loans
 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

 Individually Evaluated
 Collectively Evaluated
 Total
 Individually Evaluated
 Collectively Evaluated
 Total

 $
 3,960
 $
 514,283
 $
 $
 —
 $
 1,989
 $
 1,989

 —
 —
 6,609
 6,609

 —
 —
 3,641
 3,641

 —
 —

 —
 —

 Commercial and industrial (1)
 15,748
 —

 Consumer and other (2)
 —
 7,211
 7,211
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 4,523
 $
 1,578,959
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $

 (1) Includes PPP loans which carry the federal guarantee of the SBA and do not have an allowance for credit losses.
 (2) Consumer and other loans included overdrafts for which it is our policy to charge off overdrafts within 60 days of occurrence. It also includes the consumer loan participation that provided credit enhancement, which based upon our analysis was sufficient to cover the expected credit losses under that portfolio.

 Loans
 Allowance for Loan Losses

 Individually Evaluated
 Collectively Evaluated
 Total
 Individually Evaluated
 Collectively Evaluated
 Total

 $
 5,721
 $
 545,208
 $
 $
 —
 $
 1,968
 $
 1,968

 682,418
 —
 7,046
 7,046

 —
 —
 3,748
 3,748

 —
 —
 1,222
 1,222

 22,454
 —

 Commercial and industrial (1)
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 5,916
 $
 1,554,814
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $

 (1) Includes PPP loans which carry the federal guarantee of the SBA and do not have an allowance for credit losses.
 Allowance for Credit Losses - Securities
 The Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on securities of $ 170 thousand upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of the allowance for credit losses on securities was $ 98 thousand and $ 158 thousand, respectively. For 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a decrease in provision for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities of $ 60 thousand and $ 12 thousand, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on securities is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet and totaled $ 1.4 million and $ 1.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the estimate of credit losses on securities.
 Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance-Sheet Exposures
 The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet exposures is reported in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The liability represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance-sheet exposures such as letters of credit, guarantees and unfunded loan commitments and unfunded lines. The process for measuring lifetime expected credit losses on these exposures is consistent with that for loans as discussed above, but is subject to an additional estimate reflecting the likelihood that funding will occur. No liability is recognized for off-balance-sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. Adjustments to the liability are reported as a component of provision for credit losses.
 The Company recorded a decrease in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet exposures of $ 811 thousand upon adoption on January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet exposures was $ 157 thousand and $ 303 thousand, respectively. The Company recorded a recovery of provision for credit loss on off-balance-sheet exposures of $ 146 thousand and $ 575 thousand for 2024 and 2023, respectively, in provision for credit losses.

 NOTE 5 – PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
 Premises and equipment, net, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are summarized as follows:

 2024

 2023

 Land
 $
 3,058
 $
 3,058

 Buildings and improvements
 18,598
 18,549

 Leasehold improvements
 15,325
 15,404

 Furnishings and equipment
 11,251
 11,304

 Construction in progress

 48,304
 48,323

 Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 ( 18,818)
 ( 15,848)

 $
 29,486
 $
 32,475

 Construction-in-progress consists of deposits made related to the construction of branch improvements and the purchase of furnishings and equipment.
 Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment was $ 3.1 million and $ 2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively.

 NOTE 6 – LEASES
 The Company leases certain office space, land and equipment under operating leases. These leases have original terms ranging from one year to 40 years. Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.
 The Company had the following related to leases:

 December 31,

 2024

 2023

 Right-of-use assets
 $
 23,470
 $
 25,172

 Lease liabilities
 25,168
 26,777

 Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases
 9.4 years
 10.3 years

 Weighted average discount rate used in the measurement of lease liabilities
 2.54
 %
 2.40
 %

 The following table is a summary of the Company's components of net lease cost for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.

 2024

 2023

 Operating lease cost
 $
 3,517
 $
 3,461

 Finance lease cost
 —

 Variable lease cost

 Total lease cost
 $
 3,827
 $
 3,732

 The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases:

 2024
 2023

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities:

 Operating cash flows from operating leases
 $
 3,734
 $
 3,512

 Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets (non-cash):

 Operating leases
 $
 1,173
 $
 2,088

 Future undiscounted lease payments for operating leases with initial terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

 2024
 $
 3,297

 2025
 3,299

 2026
 3,193

 2027
 2,856

 2028
 2,771

 Thereafter
 12,812

 Total undiscounted lease payments
 28,228

 Less: imputed interest
 3,060

 Total
 $
 25,168

 NOTE 7 – DEPOSITS
 Deposits at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:

 Weighted Average Rate
 Weighted Average Rate

 Non-interest bearing deposits
 $
 26,001
 —
 %
 $
 27,739
 —
 %

 NOW and demand accounts
 369,554
 1.39
 %
 361,139
 1.38
 %

 Savings
 240,426
 1.15
 %
 259,402
 1.05
 %

 4.27
 %
 596,624
 4.13
 %

 Total
 $
 1,343,320
 2.81
 %
 $
 1,244,904
 2.60
 %

 Money market accounts are included within the NOW and demand accounts and savings captions. Included in time deposits are brokered deposits totaling $ 155.0 million at December 31, 2024 and $ 125.0 million at December 31, 2023.
 Time deposits mature as follows for the year ending December 31:

 2025
 $
 697,168

 2026
 4,616

 2027
 2,514

 2028
 2,012

 2029
 1,029

 $

 The aggregate amount of time deposits that meet or exceed $250,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $ 135.7 million and $ 101.0 million, respectively. Related party (principal officers, directors, and their affiliates) deposits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $ 2.7 million and $ 2.3 million respectively.
 Interest expense on deposits is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 NOW and demand accounts
 $
 5,051
 $
 5,267

 Savings
 2,752
 3,072

 29,027
 15,777

 Total
 $
 36,830
 $
 24,116

 NOTE 8 – BORROWINGS
 Advances from the FHLB are fixed-rate, term borrowings with remaining maturities ranging from one month to 18 months. At December 31, 2024, FHLB advances totaled $ 339.5 million with a weighted average interest rate of 4.47 % and at December 31, 2023, FHLB advances totaled $ 397.5 million with a weighted average interest rate of 4.90 %. Each advance is payable at its maturity date with a prepayment penalty if repayment is made prior to the maturity date. Advances are secured by loans pledged at the FHLB totaling $ 614.0 million and $ 717.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 Advances mature as follows:

 Maturity
 Rate Range
 Weighted Average Rate (1)

 2025
 1.50 %
 —
 4.84 %
 4.42 %
 $
 289,500

 2026
 4.80 %
 —
 4.80 %
 4.80 %
 50,000

 4.47 %
 $
 339,500

 (1) The weighted average rate excludes the effect of our derivative contracts. See Note 12 - Derivatives.

 NOTE 9 – BENEFIT PLANS
 401(k) Plan
 The Company has a savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers substantially all employees upon employment who have attained the age of 18. Under the plan, employee contributions are partially matched by the Company at its sole discretion. Company contributions for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 810 thousand and $ 711 thousand, respectively.
 SERPs, Directors' Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
 The Company maintains an Executive Supplemental Income Retirement Plan ("SERP") for certain employees and a Director Retirement Plan ("DRP"). As the SERP and DRP plans are unfunded, there are no plan assets associated with these plans. During 2022, the DRP plan was amended to curtail the plan to the current participants and to establish fixed payments to the participant in the plan.
 The Company provides certain health insurance benefits for retired employees and directors meeting plan eligibility requirements. Effective January 1, 2019, the employee postretirement health benefit plan was curtailed, leaving only 12 retired participants and beneficiaries remaining in the plan. Active participants who met certain requirements received payments in lieu of future benefits. The plans are unfunded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the obligation is included in other liabilities as an accrued postretirement benefit cost.

 The following table sets forth the changes in benefit obligation, changes in plan assets and a reconciliation of the unfunded status and the assumptions used in determining the net periodic cost included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the Company's post retirement plans. The measurement date for the post retirement plans was December 31 for each year presented.

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Change in benefit obligation:

 Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
 $
 2,903
 $
 2,814
 $
 1,047
 $
 1,072

 Service cost
 —
 —

 Interest cost

 Actuarial (gain) loss
 ( 16)

 Benefits paid
 ( 288)
 ( 278)
 ( 91)
 ( 80)

 Projected benefit obligation at end of year
 $
 2,852
 $
 2,903
 $
 1,157
 $
 1,047

 Reconciliation of plan assets:

 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Employer contributions

 Benefits and Settlements paid
 ( 288)
 ( 278)
 ( 91)
 ( 80)

 Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Unfunded status
 $
 2,852
 $
 2,903
 $
 1,157
 $
 1,047

 Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, ignoring tax effects, consist of:

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Unrecognized net actuarial loss (gain)
 $
 $
 $
 ( 431)
 $
 ( 625)

 Unrecognized prior service cost
 —
 —

 Total accumulated other comprehensive loss (gain)
 $
 $
 $
 ( 431)
 $
 ( 625)

 The weighted average assumptions used in the determination of benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Discount rate
 5.18
 %
 4.60
 %
 5.34
 %
 4.71
 %

 The weighted-average assumptions used in the determination of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Discount rate
 4.54
 %
 4.74
 %
 4.64
 %
 4.86
 %

 Expected rate of return on plan assets
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A

 The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Service cost
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Interest cost

 Prior Service Cost
 —
 —

 Amortization:

 Net loss (gain)
 ( 42)
 ( 42)

 Net periodic benefit cost
 $
 $
 $
 $

 The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in "other non-interest expense" in the Statement of Operations. The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the post-retirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost during 2025 are $ 13 thousand and $ 5 thousand, respectively.
 The benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five years and the aggregate for the five years thereafter are as follows:

 Post- Retirement

 2025
 $
 $

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 Years 2030 - 2034

 NOTE 10 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 Employee Stock Ownership Plan
 The Company maintains an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ('ESOP"), a tax-qualified plan designed to invest primarily in the Company's common stock. The ESOP provides employees with the opportunity to receive a funded retirement benefit from the Bank, based primarily on the value of the Company's common stock.
 The ESOP borrowed funds from the Company to purchase 2,281,800 shares of stock at $ 10 per share. The loan is secured by the shares purchased, which are held until allocated to participants. Shares are released for allocation to participants as loan payments are made. Loan payments are principally funded by discretionary cash contributions by the Bank, as well as dividends, if any, paid to the ESOP on unallocated shares. When loan payments are made, ESOP shares are allocated to participants at the end of the plan year (December 31) based on relative compensation, subject to federal tax law limits. Participants receive the allocated vested shares at the end of employment. Dividends on allocated shares, if any, increase participants accounts.
 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the principal balance on the ESOP loan was $ 19.9 million and $ 20.6 million, respectively. Contributions to the ESOP during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $ 655 thousand and $ 635 thousand, respectively. ESOP compensation expense is recognized over the service period and represents the fair value of shares allocated during the year. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, ESOP compensation expense was $ 892 thousand and $ 895 thousand, respectively.

 Shares held by the ESOP were as follows:

 Shares allocated to participants
 365,088
 273,816

 Unallocated shares
 1,916,712
 2,007,984

 Total ESOP shares
 2,281,800
 2,281,800

 Fair value of unallocated shares
 $
 18,803
 $
 19,400

 The fair value of the unallocated shares was computed using the closing trading price of the Company's common stock on each date.
 Equity Incentive Plan
 At the annual meeting held on August 25, 2022, shareholders of the Company approved the Blue Foundry Bancorp 2022 Equity Incentive Plan ("Equity Plan") which provides for the granting of up to 3,993,150 shares ( 1,140,900 restricted stock awards and 2,852,250 stock options) of the Company's common stock.
 Restricted shares granted under the Equity Plan generally vest in equal installments, over a service period between five and seven years beginning one year from the date of grant. Additionally, certain restricted shares awarded can be performance vesting awards, which may or may not vest depending upon the attainment of certain corporate financial targets. The vesting of the awards accelerate upon death, disability or an involuntary termination at or following a change in control. The product of the number of shares granted and the grant date closing market price of the Company's common stock determine the fair value of restricted shares under the Equity Plan. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of time-based restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Performance based awards are expensed based on the fair value of the shares and the probability of achieving the performance goals.
 During 2024, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, 213,880 restricted stock awards with a total grant-date fair value of $ 2.1 million. These grants vest in equal installments between one year and six years from the date of grant. The Company also issued 193,070 performance-based restricted stock awards to its officers with a total grant date fair value of $ 1.80 million. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of loan growth, deposit growth and net interest margin and will convert to a four-year time vest after the three-year measurement period ending December 31, 2026. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0 % and 100 % of target amounts.
 During the first quarter of 2024, 347,640 of performance-based restricted stock awards were forfeited when none of the performance target metrics were met. This forfeiture amount of performance shares is included in the total forfeited restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2024, as shown in the table below.

 The following is a summary of the Company's restricted stock shares activity and related information for the year ended December 31, 2024:

 Number of Shares Awarded
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

 Outstanding - December 31, 2023

 944,262
 $
 11.88

 Granted
 406,950
 9.57

 Vested
 ( 115,415)
 11.76

 Forfeited
 ( 449,033)
 11.75

 Outstanding - December 31, 2024

 786,764
 $
 10.78

 Expected future expense relating to the non-vested restricted shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 is $ 7.3 million over a weighted average period of 4.5 years.
 Stock options granted under the Equity Plan generally vest in equal installments, over a service period between five and seven years beginning one year from the date of grant. The vesting of the options accelerate upon death, disability or an involuntary termination at or following a change in control. Stock options were granted at an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company's common stock on the grant date based on the closing market price and have an expiration period of ten years.
 During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted the 96,266 stock options. The fair value of stock options granted during 2024 were estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model: an expected life of 6.5 years, risk-free rate of 4.11 %, volatility of 32.63 % and a dividend yield of 0.82 %. Due to the limited historical information of the Company's stock, management considered the weighted historical volatility of the Company and similar entities for an appropriate period in determining the volatility rate used in the estimation of fair value. The expected life of the stock option was estimated using the simplified method. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for the fair values of these awards, which have straight-line vesting, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. Upon exercise of vested options, management expects to draw on treasury stock as the source for shares. There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023.
 The following is a summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information for the year ended December 31, 2024:

 Number of Stock Options
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)

 Outstanding -December 31, 2023

 2,475,363
 $
 4.12
 $
 11.65
 8.8

 Granted
 96,266
 3.74
 9.95
 9.4

 Forfeited
 ( 241,969)
 4.23
 11.73

 Expired
 ( 37,974)
 4.23
 11.73

 Outstanding -December 31, 2024

 2,291,686
 $
 4.09
 $
 11.57
 8.8

 Exercisable - December 31, 2024

 715,582

 Expected future expense relating to the non-vested options outstanding as of December 31, 2024 is $ 6.0 million over a weighted average period of 4.3 years.

 The following table presents the share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

 2024
 2023

 Stock option expense
 $
 1,461
 $
 1,598

 Restricted stock expense
 1,704
 1,281

 Total share-based compensation expense
 $
 3,165
 $
 2,879

 NOTE 11 – INCOME TAXES
 There was no current and deferred income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 due to the net loss for both years. There was no tax benefit due to the full valuation allowance on the net deferred tax assets.
 A reconciliation between the actual income tax expense and the expected federal income tax expense on net operating losses (computed by multiplying income before income tax expense times the applicable statutory federal income tax rate) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, is as follows:

 2024
 2023

 Loss before income tax benefit
 $
 $

 Applicable statutory federal income tax rate
 21.00
 %
 21.00
 %

 Computed "expected" federal income tax benefit
 $
 ( 2,501)
 $
 ( 1,553)

 Increase (decrease) in federal income tax expense resulting from:

 State income taxes, net of federal benefit
 ( 835)
 ( 487)

 Valuation allowance
 3,311
 2,016

 Tax-exempt income
 ( 37)
 ( 90)

 Bank owned life insurance
 ( 102)
 ( 98)

 Non-deductible compensation

 ESOP fair market value adjustment
 ( 4)
 ( 4)

 Stock compensation

 Other items, net

 Total
 $
 —
 $
 —

 The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

 2024
 2023

 Deferred tax assets:

 Allowance for credit losses on loans and REO
 $
 3,688
 $
 4,064

 Allowance for losses held-to-maturity securities

 Net unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale
 6,472
 8,087

 Accrued post retirement benefits
 1,128
 1,173

 Accrued interest receivable

 Accrued bonus

 Stock compensation

 Premises and equipment

 Finance lease liability
 7,075
 7,527

 Charitable contribution carryover
 2,533
 2,533

 Federal net operating loss carryforward
 8,896
 6,935

 State net operating loss carryforward
 2,956
 2,345

 Other

 Total gross deferred tax assets
 35,155
 33,937

 Valuation allowance
 ( 25,121)
 ( 24,105)

 Gross deferred tax assets after valuation allowance
 10,034
 9,832

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Net unrealized gains on derivatives
 2,689
 2,131

 Deferred loan fees, net

 Unrealized actuarial gains on post retirement benefits

 Finance lease right-of-use asset
 6,597
 7,076

 Other
 —

 Total gross deferred tax liabilities
 10,034
 9,832

 Net deferred tax asset
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2024. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth.
 On the basis of this evaluation, for the year ended December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $ 25.1 million has been maintained. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets.
 At December 31, 2024, the Company had federal net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of $ 42.4 million with no expiration date. Under the provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, use of our federal NOL carryforwards will be limited to 80% of taxable income in future periods. The Company also had New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards of $ 41.6 million, the majority of which expire in 18 years. At this time, we believe it is more likely than not the benefit from both the federal and state NOL carryforwards will not be realized. As such, we have provided a valuation allowance of $ 11.9 million on the deferred tax assets related to the NOL carryforwards. The Company contributed $ 9.0 million to the Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation in 2021 and the deferred benefit has a five-year carryforward limitation.

 Retained earnings at December 31, 2024 and 2023, includes approximately $ 14.6 million, for which no provision for income tax has been made. This amount represents an allocation of income to bad debt deductions for tax purposes only. Events that would result in taxation of these reserves include the failure to qualify as a bank for tax purposes, distributions in complete or partial liquidation, stock redemptions and excess distributions to stockholders.
 The Company and its subsidiary are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income taxes, primarily New Jersey. The Company is no longer subject to examination by Federal taxing authorities for tax years before January 1, 2020, and State taxing authorities for tax years before January 1, 2019. Currently, the Company is not under examination by any taxing authority. The Company's New Jersey state tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2015 through 2018 were audited during 2021. The completion of this examination did not have a material impact on the Company's effective tax rates and financials.

 NOTE 12 – DERIVATIVES
 The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset/liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.
 Interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $ 349.0 million and $ 259.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were designated as cash flow hedges of certain FHLB advances and brokered deposits. They were determined to be highly effective during all periods presented. The Company expects the hedges to remain highly effective during the remaining terms of the swaps.
 Summary information about the interest-rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges as of the dates presented is as follows:

 Notional amounts
 $
 349,000
 $
 259,000

 Weighted average pay rates
 3.12
 %
 2.91
 %

 Weighted average receive rates
 4.62
 %
 5.49
 %

 Weighted average maturity
 2.4 years
 3.2 years

 Gross unrealized gain included in other assets
 $
 8,817
 $
 9,047

 Gross unrealized loss included in other liabilities
 1,465

 Unrealized gains (losses), net
 $
 8,364
 $
 7,582

 The Company held $ 9.0 million and $ 8.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of cash collateral pledged from the counterparty for these interest-rate swaps and had no securities pledged to the counterparty.
 Interest income or expense recorded on these swap transactions is reported as a component of interest expense on FHLB advances or brokered deposits. Interest income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled $ 6.4 million and $ 5.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company expected $ 3.8 million of the unrealized gain to be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense during 2025.

 Cash Flow Hedge
 The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative (1)

 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income/(Expense)

 Amount of Gain Reclassified from OCI to Income/(Expense)

 Year Ended December 31, 2024

 Interest rate contracts
 $
 Interest Expense
 $
 6,355

 Year Ended December 31, 2023

 Interest rate contracts
 $
 Interest Expense
 $
 5,472

 (1) Net of tax, adjusted for deferred tax valuation allowance.

 NOTE 13 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 Accumulated other comprehensive income represents the net unrealized holding gains on securities available-for-sale, derivatives and the funded status of the Company's benefit plans, as of the consolidated balance sheet dates, net of the related tax effect.
 The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income (loss) both gross and net of tax, inclusive of a deferred tax valuation allowance, for the periods indicated.

 2024
 2023

 Before Tax
 Tax
Effect (1)
 After
Tax
 Before Tax
 Tax
Effect (1)
 After
Tax

 Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

 Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale:

 Unrealized gain arising during the period
 $
 3,273
 $
 —
 $
 3,273
 $
 5,504
 $
 —
 $
 5,504

 Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income
 —
 —
 —
 ( 20)
 —
 ( 20)

 Total
 3,273
 —
 3,273
 5,484
 —
 5,484

 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge:

 Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period
 ( 5,574)
 —
 ( 5,574)
 1,963
 —
 1,963

 Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income
 6,355
 —
 6,355
 ( 5,472)
 —
 ( 5,472)

 Total
 —
 —

 Post-Retirement plans:

 Net actuarial loss
 —
 —

 Total
 —
 —

 Total other comprehensive income:
 $
 3,926
 $
 —
 $
 3,926
 $
 1,839
 $
 —
 $
 1,839

 (1) The 2024 and 2023 periods include a deferred tax valuation allowance.

 The following is a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component, net of tax, inclusive of a deferred tax valuation allowance, for the periods indicated:

 Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
 Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-sale Securities
 Post- Retirement Plans
 Total

 $
 7,582
 $
 ( 30,699)
 $
 $
 ( 22,880)

 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification
 ( 5,574)
 3,273
 —
 ( 2,301)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 6,355
 —
 6,227

 Net current period other comprehensive gain (loss)
 3,273
 3,926

 Balance at December 31, 2024

 $
 8,363
 $
 ( 27,426)
 $
 $
 ( 18,954)

 Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
 Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-sale Securities
 Post-Retirement Plans
 Total

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 $
 11,091
 $
 ( 36,183)
 $
 $
 ( 24,719)

 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification
 1,963
 5,504
 —
 7,467

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 ( 5,472)
 ( 20)
 ( 5,628)

 Net current period other comprehensive gain (loss)
 5,484
 1,839

 $
 7,582
 $
 ( 30,699)
 $
 $
 ( 22,880)

 The following table presents information about amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:

 Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components
 Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented

 2024
 2023

 Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale:

 Realized gains on securities available-for-sale
 $
 —
 $
 Gain (loss) on sales and calls of securities

 (Losses) and gains on cash flow hedges:

 Interest rate contracts
 ( 6,355)
 5,472
 Interest expense

 Amortization of benefit plan items:

 Net actuarial loss
 Compensation and benefits

 Total tax effect
 —
 —
 Income tax expense

 Total reclassification for the period, net of tax
 $
 ( 6,227)
 $
 5,628

 NOTE 14 – FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
 Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
 Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
 Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
 The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
 Securities: For securities available-for-sale and equity securities, fair value was estimated using a market approach. The majority of the Company's securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are traded in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third party data service providers or dealer market participants with which the Company has historically transacted both purchases and sales of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing, a Level 2 input as defined by ASC 820, is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities to benchmark or comparable securities. The Company evaluates the quality of Level 2 matrix pricing through comparison to similar assets with greater liquidity and evaluation of projected cash flows. The Company also holds equity securities and debt instruments issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government sponsored agencies that are traded in active markets with readily accessible quoted market prices that are considered Level 1 inputs.
 Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). The Company's derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.
 Impaired Loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses on loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
 Other real estate owned (OREO): Property acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure is carried at estimated fair value less estimated selling costs of the acquired property. Fair value of OREO is generally based on independent appraisals of the collateral.

 The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024:

 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024, Using

 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
 Significant Other
 Observable
Unobservable

 Total
 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)

 Measured on a recurring basis:

 Financial assets

 Securities available-for-sale:

 U.S. Treasury Notes
 $
 40,139
 $
 40,139
 $
 —
 $
 —

 73,154
 —
 73,154
 —

 —
 —

 6,024
 —
 6,024
 —

 149,041
 —
 149,041
 —

 —
 —

 9,115
 —
 9,115
 —

 Total securities available-for-sale
 40,951
 256,077
 —

 8,817
 —
 8,817
 —

 Total financial assets measured on a recurring basis
 $
 305,845
 $
 40,951
 $
 264,894
 $
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —

 The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023, Using

 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
 Significant Other Observable Inputs
 Significant Unobservable Inputs

 Total
 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)

 Measured on a recurring basis:

 Financial assets

 Securities available-for-sale

 U.S. Treasury Notes
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —

 76,623
 —
 76,623
 —

 —
 —

 6,195
 —
 6,195
 —

 128,542
 —
 128,542
 —

 11,523
 —
 11,523
 —

 14,683
 —
 14,683
 —

 Total securities available-for-sale
 283,766
 46,200
 237,566
 —

 9,047
 —
 9,047
 —

 Total financial assets measured on a recurring basis
 $
 292,813
 $
 46,200
 $
 246,613
 $
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 $
 1,465
 $
 —
 $
 1,465
 $
 —

 Measured on a nonrecurring basis:

 Nonfinancial assets

 Real estate owned
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Other Fair Value Disclosures
 Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions for the Company's financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are set forth below.
 Securities held-to-maturity: The Company's debt securities held-to-maturity portfolio is carried at amortized cost less allowance for credit losses. The fair values of debt securities held-to-maturity are provided by a third-party pricing service. The pricing service may use quoted market prices of comparable instruments or a variety of other forms of analysis, incorporating inputs that are currently observable in the markets for similar securities. Inputs that are often used in the valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to, benchmark yields, credit spreads, default rates, prepayment speeds and non-binding broker quotes.
 Loans, net: Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as residential mortgage and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories. Estimated fair value of loans is determined using a discounted cash flow model that employs an exit discount rate that reflects the current market pricing for loans with similar characteristics and remaining maturity, adjusted for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date.
 Time Deposits: The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using rates for currently offered deposits of similar remaining maturities.

 Federal Home Loan advances: The fair value of borrowings is based on securities dealers' estimated fair values, when available, or estimated using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rates used approximate the rates offered for similar borrowings of similar remaining terms.
 The following tables present the book value, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of financial instruments not recorded at fair values in their entirety on a recurring basis on the Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The fair value measurements presented are consistent with Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, in which fair value represents exit price.
 These tables exclude financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. Financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value include cash and cash equivalents, other investments, non-maturity deposits, overnight borrowings, and accrued interest, and are excluded from the table below.
 The carrying amounts and fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value, at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024, Using

 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
Other
Observable
Unobservable

 Book Value
 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)

 Measured on a non-recurring basis:

 Financial assets

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —

 —
 —

 Securities held-to-maturity
 —
 —

 Loans, net of allowance for credit losses
 1,570,517
 —
 —
 1,468,929

 Financial liabilities

 Time Deposits
 —
 705,514
 —

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 339,500
 —
 340,131
 —

 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023, Using

 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
 Other
Observable
Unobservable

 Book Value
 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)

 Measured on a non-recurring basis:

 Financial assets

 $
 $
 —
 $
 15,007
 $
 —

 14,812
 —
 13,316
 —

 Securities held-to-maturity
 33,412
 —
 28,323
 —

 Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
 1,546,576
 —
 —
 1,332,138

 Financial liabilities

 Time Deposits
 596,624
 —
 592,676
 —

 Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 397,500
 —
 405,015
 —

 NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 The Company extends credit to meet the financing needs of its customers through commitments and lines of credit. In addition we routinely enter into other commitments in the normal course of business.

 The following commitments exist at December 31, 2024 and 2023, which are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements:

 Origination of mortgage loans:

 Fixed rate
 $
 1,540
 $

 Variable rate
 19,368
 2,372

 Origination of commercial and industrial loans
 —
 15,323

 Undisbursed home equity credit lines
 41,278
 37,551

 Undisbursed construction credit lines
 25,805
 32,283

 Undisbursed commercial credit lines

 Performance standby letters of credit

 Overdraft protection credit lines
 17,049
 22,378

 Commitments to purchase investments

 These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company uses the same credit policies and collateral requirements in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet loans. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company has no exposure to credit loss if the customer does not exercise its rights to borrow under the commitment. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower.

 The Company issues financial standby letters of credit that are within the scope of ASC 460, Guarantees. These are irrevocable undertakings of the Company to guarantee payment of a specified financial obligation. Most of the Company's standby letters of credit arise in connection with lending relationships and generally have terms of one year or less, or are issued in lieu of security deposits. The maximum potential future payments the Company could be required to make equals the contract amount of the standby letters of credit.

 NOTE 16 – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS AND OTHER INCOME
 All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income in the Statement of Operations.
 The following table presents the Company's sources of revenue from contracts with customers for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 2024
 2023

 Service charges on deposits
 $
 $

 Interchange income

 Total revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 $

 Service Charges on Deposit Accounts: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based account maintenance. Transaction based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering and wire transfer fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
 Interchange Income: The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through a payment network. Interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. In addition, the Company earns interchange fees from credit cardholder transactions through its partnership with a third party.

 NOTE 17 - STOCK TRANSACTIONS
 The Company's stock repurchase programs authorize the repurchase of shares in open market or private transactions, through block trades or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing and amount of any repurchases will depend on a number of factors, including the availability of stock, general market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses for capital, the Company's liquidity, and the Company's financial performance. Open market purchases will be made in accordance with Rule 10b-18 of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other applicable legal requirements. Repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate. These factors may also affect the timing and amount of share repurchases. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any particular number of shares or any shares in any specific time period.
 The Company announced its second share repurchase program on April 19, 2023, which authorized the purchase of an additional 5 % of its publicly-held shares of common stock, or 1,335,126 shares. The second repurchase plan commenced immediately upon the completion of the first repurchase plan. On August 16, 2023, the Company announced its third share repurchase program, which authorized the purchase of an additional 5 % of its publicly-held shares of common stock, or 1,268,382 shares. The third plan commenced immediately upon completion of the second repurchase plan.
 On February 21, 2024, the Company adopted its fourth program to repurchase up to 1,203,545 shares, or 5 %, of its outstanding common stock. The fourth plan commenced immediately upon completion of the third repurchase plan. On November 8, 2024, the Company adopted a program to repurchase up to 1,139,420 shares, or 5 %, of its outstanding common stock commencing upon the completion of the Company's existing stock repurchase program.
 During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 3,717,949 shares of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $ 9.68 for a total of $ 36.0 million pursuant to the stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed the purchase of 1,945,241 shares authorized in the plans for an average price of $ 9.90 per share for a total cost of $ 19.3 million. At December 31, 2024, 861,072 shares remain available to repurchase in the third plan.
 For the year ended December 31, 2024, shares repurchased include 24,301 shares purchased in connection with the vesting of shares of restricted stock under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan for the withholding of shares to pay income taxes. These shares are repurchased pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan and therefore are not part of the Company's repurchase program.

 NOTE 18 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
 Basic earning per share ("EPS") represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares (such as stock options) were exercised or converted into additional common shares that would then share in the earnings of the entity. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, plus the effect of potential dilutive common share equivalents.
 Shares held by the ESOP not allocated to employees in accordance with the terms of the ESOP, referred to as "unallocated ESOP shares", are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

 For the Year Ended December 31,

 2024
 2023

 (Income In thousands)

 Net loss applicable to common shares
 $
 $

 Shares

 Average number of common shares outstanding
 23,439,653
 25,979,126

 Less: Average unallocated ESOP shares
 1,962,224
 2,053,402

 Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per common share
 21,477,429
 23,925,724

 Common stock equivalents
 —
 —

 Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per common share
 21,477,429
 23,925,724

 Loss per common share

 Basic
 $
 ( 0.55)
 $
 ( 0.31)

 Diluted
 $
 ( 0.55)
 $
 ( 0.31)

 Excluded from the earnings per share calculation are anti-dilutive equity awards for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaling 1,138,653 and 1,406,993, respectively. Due to the Company's net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units had an antidilutive effect on diluted earnings per share.

 NOTE 19 – REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
 Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines, and additionally for the Bank, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Bank to the Company. The Bank has not paid dividends to the Company in the past. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
 Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution's category.

 The following table presents the regulatory capital, assets and risk based capital (common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital) ratios for the Bank at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 Bank Actual
 Minimum Capital Adequacy
 Minimum Capital Adequacy With Capital Buffer
 For Classification as Well Capitalized

 Ratio
 Ratio
 Ratio
 Ratio

 Common equity tier 1
 $
 289,614
 19.26
 %
 $
 67,673
 4.50
 %
 $
 105,269
 7.00
 %
 $
 97,749
 6.50
 %

 Tier 1 capital
 289,614
 19.26
 %
 90,230
 6.00
 %
 127,826
 8.50
 %
 120,307
 8.00
 %

 Total capital
 302,834
 20.14
 %
 120,307
 8.00
 %
 157,903
 10.50
 %
 150,384
 10.00
 %

 Tier 1 (leverage) capital
 289,614
 13.98
 %
 82,862
 4.00
 %
 N/A
 N/A
 103,577
 5.00
 %

 Common equity tier 1
 $
 296,238
 20.13
 %
 $
 66,219
 4.50
 %
 $
 103,008
 7.00
 %
 $
 95,650
 6.50
 %

 Tier 1 capital
 296,238
 20.13
 %
 88,292
 6.00
 %
 125,081
 8.50
 %
 117,723
 8.00
 %

 Total capital
 310,853
 21.12
 %
 117,723
 8.00
 %
 154,512
 10.50
 %
 147,154
 10.00
 %

 Tier 1 (leverage) capital
 296,238
 14.31
 %
 82,798
 4.00
 %
 N/A
 N/A
 103,497
 5.00
 %

 NOTE 20 - SEGMENT REPORTING
 We conduct our operations through a single business segment. Substantially all of our interest and fees on loans and long-lived assets relate to our operations. Pursuant to FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments represent components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The chief operating decision maker uses a variety of measures to assess the performance of the business as a whole, depending on the nature of the activity. The Company generates revenue from several business channels. Those streams are organized by the types of partners we work with to reach our customers, with success principally measured based on interest and fees on loans, loan receivables, active accounts and other sales metrics. Detailed profitability information of the nature that could be used to allocate resources and assess the performance and operations for each sales platform individually, however, is not used by our chief operating decision maker. Expense activities, including funding costs, credit losses and operating expenses, are not measured for each platform but instead are managed for the Company as a whole.

 The following table represents segment information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 For the Year Ended December 31,

 2024
 2023

 Interest income:

 Loans
 $
 70,185
 $
 65,685

 Taxable investment income
 15,122
 12,990

 Non-taxable investment income

 Total interest income
 85,451
 79,105

 Interest expense:

 Deposits
 36,830
 24,116

 Borrowed funds
 11,071
 13,070

 Total interest expense
 47,901
 37,186

 Net interest income
 37,550
 41,919

 Release of credit losses
 ( 1,350)
 ( 441)

 Net interest income after release of credit losses
 38,900
 42,360

 Non-interest income:

 Fees and service charges
 1,203
 1,164

 Other income

 Total non-interest income
 1,794
 1,805

 Non-interest expense:

 Compensation and benefits
 29,433
 28,439

 Occupancy and equipment
 8,878
 8,350

 Data processing
 5,648
 6,119

 Other expense
 8,646
 8,654

 Total non-interest expense
 52,605
 51,562

 Loss before income tax expense

 Income tax expense
 —
 —

 $
 $

 Our segment assets represent our assets as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 NOTE 21 - CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PARENT COMPANY
 The condensed financial statements of Blue Foundry Bancorp (parent company only) are presented below:

 Condensed Balance Sheets

 Assets:

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 41,297
 $
 61,358

 Investment in banking subsidiary
 270,904
 273,915

 ESOP loan receivable
 19,932
 20,588

 Other investments

 Other assets

 Total Assets
 $
 332,805
 $
 356,446

 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:

 Total liabilities
 $
 $

 Total stockholders' equity
 332,198
 355,640

 Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 $
 332,805
 $
 356,446

 Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss

 2024
 2023

 Income:

 Interest on ESOP loan receivable
 $
 $

 Other income
 —

 Total income

 Expenses:

 Other expenses
 3,411
 3,650

 Total expenses
 3,411
 3,650

 Loss before income tax benefit
 ( 2,742)
 ( 2,937)

 Income tax benefit
 —
 ( 183)

 Loss before undistributed earnings of subsidiary
 ( 2,742)
 ( 2,754)

 Equity in undistributed earnings of banking subsidiary
 ( 9,169)
 ( 4,643)

 $
 $

 Comprehensive loss:

 $
 $
 $

 Other comprehensive income
 3,926
 1,839

 Comprehensive loss
 $
 $
 ( 7,985)
 $
 ( 5,558)

 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

 2024
 2023

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 $
 $
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary
 9,169
 4,643

 ESOP and stock-based compensation expense
 1,327
 1,241

 Decrease in other assets

 Decrease in other liabilities
 ( 290)
 ( 918)

 Net cash used by operating activities
 ( 1,642)
 ( 1,735)

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Purchase of other investments
 ( 150)
 ( 30)

 Repayment of ESOP loan

 Net cash provided by investing activities

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Issuance of common stock
 —

 Purchase of treasury stock
 ( 19,423)
 ( 36,006)

 Net cash used in financing activities
 ( 18,925)
 ( 36,006)

 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 ( 20,061)
 ( 37,136)

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 61,358
 98,494

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 $
 $
 41,297
 $
 61,358

 NOTE 22 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 As defined in FASB ASC 855, "Subsequent Events", subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or available to be issued. Financial statements are considered issued when they are widely distributed to stockholders and other financial statement users for general use and reliance in a form and format that complies with U.S. GAAP. The Company performed an evaluation and determined that there are no subsequent events to report.

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
 None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

 (b) Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in "Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective and met the criteria of the "Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)" as of December 31, 2024.
 (c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
 Not applicable because the Company is an emerging growth company.
 (d) Changes in Internal Controls
 There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
 During the fourth quarter of 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Corporation's securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as that term is used in SEC regulations.

 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
 Not applicable.

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year end.

 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year end.

 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNER AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year end.
 Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
 Set forth below is information as of December 31, 2024 regarding equity compensation plans categorized by those plans that have been approved by the Company's stockholders. There are no plans that have not been approved by the Company's stockholders.

 Plan
 Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options and rights (1)
 Weighted Average Exercise Price (2)
 Number of Securities Remaining Available for Issuance Under Plan (3)

 2022 Equity Incentive Plan
 2,291,686
 $
 11.57
 739,386

 Total
 2,291,686
 $
 11.57
 739,386

 (1) Consists of outstanding stock options to purchase 2,291,686 shares of common stock granted under the Company's stock-based compensation plans.
 (2) The weighted average exercise price reflects: a weighted exercise price of $11.64 for 2,195,420 stock options granted in 2022 and a weighted exercise price of $9.95 for 96,266 stock options granted in 2024 under the Company's stock-based compensation plans. There were no grants in 2023.
 (3) Represents the number of available shares that may be granted as stock options and other stock awards under the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year end.

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
 Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, New York, New York, Auditor Firm ID: 185.
 The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year end.

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 The following exhibits are either filed as part of this report or are incorporated herein by reference:
 (a)(1) Financial Statements
 The following financial statements are included under Part II, Item 8 of this report:
 1. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 2. Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 3. Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 4. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 5. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 6. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 7. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
 No financial statement schedules are filed because the required information is not applicable or is included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

 (a)(3) Exhibits

 3.1

 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Blue Foundry Bancorp (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-40619))

 3.2

 Bylaws of Blue Foundry Bancorp (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-254079)

 Form of Common Stock Certificate of Blue Foundry Bancorp (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-254079)

 4.2

 Description of Blue Foundry Bancorp's Securities (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2021 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.1

 Employment agreement between Blue Foundry Bank and James Nesci (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.2

 Blue Foundry Bank Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement for James Nesci (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.3

 Change in Control Agreement between Blue Foundry Bank and Kelly Anne Pecoraro (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.4

 Blue Foundry Bank Restated Director Retirement Plan for Kenneth Grimbilas (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.5

 Amendment to the Blue Foundry Bank Restated Director Retirement Plan for Kenneth Grimbilas (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.6

 Blue Foundry Bank Restated Director Retirement Plan for J. Christopher Ely (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.7

 Amendment to the Blue Foundry Bank Restated Director Retirement Plan for J. Christopher Ely (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.8

 Blue Foundry Bank Director Retirement Plan II (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.9

 Amendment to the Blue Foundry Bank Director Retirement Plan II (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022 (File No. 001-40619)

 10.10

 Blue Foundry Bancorp 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (File No. 001-40619))

 Insider Trading Policy

 Subsidiaries of Blue Foundry Bancorp

 23.1

 Consent of KPMG LLP (Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm)

 31.1

 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 31.2

 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 32.1

 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 Clawback Policy (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-40619))

 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

 Not applicable.

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 By:
 /s/ James D. Nesci

 James D. Nesci

 Chief Executive Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated

 By:
 /s/ James D. Nesci
 By:
 /s/ Kelly Pecoraro

 James D. Nesci
 Kelly Pecoraro

 Chief Executive Officer
 Chief Financial Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)
 (Principal Financial Officer)

 By:
 /s/ Patrick H. Kinzler
 By:
 /s/ J. Christopher Ely

 Patrick H. Kinzler, Director
 J. Christopher Ely, Director

 By:
 /s/ Robert T. Goldstein

 By:
 /s/ Kenneth Grimbilas

 Robert T. Goldstein, Director
 Kenneth Grimbilas, Director

 By:
 /s/ Jonathan M. Shaw

 By:
 /s/ John F. Kuntz, Esq.

 Jonathan M. Shaw, Director
 John F. Kuntz, Esq., Director

 By:
 /s/ Mirella Lang

 By:
 /s/ Elizabeth Varki Jobes, Esq.

 Mirella Lang, Director
 Elizabeth Varki Jobes, Esq., Director