UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549
 Form 10-K
 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025
 OR
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 Commission File No. 1-32637

 GameStop Corp.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

 Delaware

 20-2733559

 (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 625 Westport Parkway
 76051

 Grapevine,
 Texas

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( 817) 424-2000
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading symbol
 Name of each exchange
on which registered

 Class A Common Stock
 GME
 NYSE

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated Filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 762(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
 The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of August 2, 2024 was approximately $ 8.2 billion, based upon the closing market price of $21.07 per share of Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)
 Number of shares of $.001 par value Class A Common Stock outstanding as of March 19, 2025: 447,083,981
 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 Portions of the definitive proxy statement of the registrant to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Page

 Item 1.
 Business

 Item 1A.
 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.
 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.
 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.
 Properties

 Item 3.
 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.
 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.
 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.
 Reserved

 Item 7.
 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.
 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.
 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.
 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.
 Other Information

 Item 9C.
 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections

 Item 10.
 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.
 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.
 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.
 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.
 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15.
 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule

 Item 16.
 Form 10-K Summary

 SIGNATURES

 Disclosure Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as "anticipates," "believes," "continues," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "pro forma," "seeks," "should," "will" or similar expressions. These statements are only predictions based on current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Form 10-K, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Form 10-K, except as required by law. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. A number of factors could cause our actual results, performance, achievements or industry results to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading "Risk Factors," which are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K.

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 General
 GameStop Corp. ("GameStop," "we," "us," "our," or the "Company") offers games and entertainment products through its stores and ecommerce platforms.
 Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2024 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2025 ("fiscal 2024"). Fiscal year 2023 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2024 ("fiscal 2023") and fiscal year 2022 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on January 28, 2023 ("fiscal 2022").
 Reportable Segments
 We operate in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. We identified segments based on a combination of geographic areas, which is the basis of how we manage the organization and analyze performance. Our Australia geographic segment includes operations in New Zealand for reporting. Our sales and profits are driven through both our physical stores and ecommerce platforms. Each segment consists primarily of retail operations, with the significant majority focused on games, entertainment products and technology. These products are substantially the same regardless of geographic location, with the primary differences in merchandise carried being the timing of the release of new products in the various segments.
 As of February 1, 2025, we had a total of 3,203 stores across all of our segments: 2,325 in the United States, 193 in Canada, 374 in Australia, and 311 in Europe. Our stores and ecommerce sites operate primarily under the names GameStop, EB Games and Micromania.
 Our Australia and Europe segments also include 38 pop culture themed stores selling collectibles, apparel, gadgets, electronics, toys and other retail products for technology enthusiasts and general consumers in international markets operating under the Zing Pop Culture brand.
 Financial information about our segments is included in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Part II, Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5, "Segment Information," of this Form 10-K.

 Merchandise
 We categorize our sale of products as follows:
 • Hardware and accessories. We offer new and pre-owned gaming platforms from the major console manufacturers. The current generation of consoles include the Sony PlayStation 5, Microsoft Xbox Series X, and Nintendo Switch. Accessories consist primarily of controllers and gaming headsets.
 • Software. We offer new and pre-owned gaming software for current and certain prior generation consoles. We also sell a wide variety of in-game digital currency, digital downloadable content and full-game downloads.
 • Collectibles. Collectibles consist of apparel, toys, trading cards, gadgets and other retail products for pop culture and technology enthusiasts. Collectibles also included our digital asset wallet and NFT marketplace activities in fiscal 2023, however, both activities were wound down in the fourth quarter of 2023.
 Trade-In Program
 We provide our customers with an opportunity to trade-in their pre-owned gaming, mobility and other products at our stores in exchange for cash or credit, which can be applied towards the purchase of other products. This process drives higher market share and offers a broader range of price points for our customers. Our trade-in program provides customers a means to unlock value and recycle used product, which enables us to offer previous generation platforms and related games. We operate refurbishment centers in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe, where used gaming, mobility and other products can be tested, repaired, sanitized, repackaged and redistributed for sale.

 Store Locations
 Our retail stores are generally located in strip centers, shopping malls and pedestrian areas. These locations provide easy access and high frequency of visits and, in the case of strip centers and high-traffic pedestrian stores, high visibility. We target strip centers that are conveniently located, have a mass merchant or supermarket anchor tenant and have a high volume of customers. As of February 1, 2025, we offered games and entertainment products in 3,203 stores worldwide as more specifically set forth below:
 Domestic Locations. The table below sets forth the number and locations of our domestic stores included in the United States segment.

 Alabama
 Louisiana
 Ohio

 Alaska
 Maine
 Oklahoma

 Arizona
 Maryland
 Oregon

 Arkansas
 Massachusetts
 Pennsylvania

 California
 Michigan
 Rhode Island

 Colorado
 Minnesota
 South Carolina

 Connecticut
 Mississippi
 South Dakota

 Delaware
 Missouri
 Tennessee

 Florida
 Montana
 Texas

 Georgia
 Nebraska
 Utah

 Hawaii
 Nevada
 Vermont

 Idaho
 New Hampshire
 Virginia

 Illinois
 New Jersey
 Washington

 Indiana
 New Mexico
 West Virginia

 Iowa
 New York
 Wisconsin

 Kansas
 North Carolina
 Wyoming

 Kentucky
 North Dakota

 Total Domestic Stores
 2,325

 International Locations. The table below sets forth the number and locations of our international stores included in our segments in Canada, Australia, and Europe.

of Stores

 New Zealand

 Total Stores - Australia

 France

 Total International Stores

 Business Strategy
 Our strategy involves (i) using our cash and other sources of liquidity to maximize shareholder value, including through potential investment and/or acquisition opportunities and (ii) optimizing our retail business to achieve profitability.
 Investment Policy
 On March 18, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") unanimously authorized a revised investment policy (the "Investment Policy"). In accordance with the revised Investment Policy, the Board has delegated authority to manage the Company's portfolio of securities investments to an Investment Committee of the Board (the "Investment Committee") consisting of the Company's Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Ryan Cohen, and two independent members of the Board, together with such personnel and advisors as the Investment Committee may choose. The Investment Committee regularly reviews risks related to the Company's investment portfolio, including concentration risk. When allocating cash to various investment opportunities and considering related investment risk, the Investment Committee considers market-based factors, including risk adjusted after-tax yields. When reviewing concentration risk, the Investment Committee considers the liquidity needs of the Company, among other things.
 Investments are made in accordance with the guidelines in the Investment Policy that is reviewed at least annually, with oversight conducted by senior officers and the Investment Committee.
 The overall goals of the Investment Policy are to provide sufficient liquidity to meet the day-to-day financial obligations of the Company, and to optimize investment returns within the guidelines of the Investment Policy. Permissible investment instruments include cash and cash equivalents (e.g. bank obligations, money market funds, and commercial paper), fixed income securities (e.g. obligations of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government, tax exempt obligations of states and municipalities, and corporate bonds/notes), equity securities (limited to those listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), NYSE American, NYSE Arca or the Nasdaq Stock Market and in compliance with the listing standards of the applicable exchange) and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin. Individual exceptions to the Investment Policy may only be made by the unanimous agreement of the Investment Committee or, if the Investment Committee is unable to reach unanimous agreement on such exception, by the Board.
 On March 25, 2025 we announced that, as part of our revisions to the Investment Policy, the Board approved the addition of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, whereby a portion of our cash or future debt and equity issuances may be invested in Bitcoin. We have not set a maximum amount of Bitcoin we may accumulate, and may sell any Bitcoin we may acquire.
 The Investment Committee will direct the investment activity of the Company in public and private markets pursuant to authority granted by the Board. Depending on certain market conditions and various risk factors, Mr. Cohen or other members of the Investment Committee, each in their personal capacity or through affiliated investment vehicles, may at times invest in the same securities in which the Company invests. The Board anticipates that such investments will align the interests of the Company with the interests of related parties because it places the personal resources of such directors at risk in substantially the same manner as resources of the Company in connection with investment decisions made by the Investment Committee on behalf of the Company.
 Retail Business
 GameStop is actively focused on the below objectives:
 • Establish Omnichannel Retail Excellence. We aim to be the leading destination for games and entertainment products through our stores and ecommerce platforms.
 • Achieve Profitability. During fiscal 2024, we continued to optimize our cost structure to align with our current and anticipated future needs. We will continue to focus on cost containment as we look to operate with increased efficiency.
 • Expand Our Addressable Market. We continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. Expansion of these categories provides the Company with margin accretive opportunities that can assist the Company in achieving its profitability goals.
 Vendors
 We purchase our new products worldwide from a broad number of manufacturers, software publishers and distributors. Our largest vendors are Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft, which collectively accounted for a majority of our new product purchases in fiscal 2024. We have established certain rights with our primary gaming product vendors that reduce our risk of inventory obsolescence, including, in some circumstances, unsold product return policies and protections against price

 reductions. In addition, we generally conduct business on an order-by-order basis, a practice that is typical throughout the industry. We believe that maintaining and strengthening our long-term relationships with our vendors is essential to our operations.
 Distribution and Information Management
 Our operating strategy involves providing a convenient and broad merchandise selection for our customers. We use our distribution facilities, store locations and inventory management systems to optimize the efficiency of the flow of products to our stores and customers, enhance fulfillment efficiency and optimize in-stock and overall investment in inventory.
 Competition
 The gaming industry is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains, computer product and consumer electronics stores, other gaming and related specialty stores, toy retail chains, direct sales by software publishers, the online environments operated by Sony (PlayStation Network), Microsoft (XBox Live), Nintendo (Nintendo Switch Online), as well as other online retailers and game rental companies. Gaming products are also distributed through other methods such as digital delivery. We also compete with sellers of pre-owned and value gaming products and other forms of entertainment activities, including casual and mobile games, movies, television, theater, sporting events and family entertainment centers.
 In the United States, we compete with Walmart Stores, Inc. ("Walmart"), Target Corporation ("Target"), Best Buy Co., Inc. ("Best Buy") and Amazon.com, Inc. ("Amazon.com"), among others. Throughout Europe we compete with major consumer electronics retailers such as FNAC-Darty, major hypermarket chains like Leclerc, and online retailer Amazon.com. Competitors in Canada include Walmart and Best Buy. In Australia, competitors include JB HiFi stores, Big W, Target and Amazon.com. Globally, we also compete with certain vendors, including Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft among others, for direct-to-consumer offerings.
 Seasonality
 Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, which includes the holiday selling season. Results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year. Quarterly results may fluctuate materially depending upon, among other factors, the timing of new product introductions, adverse weather conditions, shifts in the timing of certain holidays or promotions and changes in our merchandise mix. We generated approximately 34% of our sales during the fourth quarter of each of fiscal 2024 and 2023.
 Trademarks
 We have a number of trademarks and service marks, including "GameStop," "EB Games," "EB Electronics Boutique," and "GameStop Pro," which are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. For many of our trademarks and service marks, including "Micromania " and "Zing Pop Culture," we also have registered or have registrations pending with the trademark authorities throughout the world. We maintain a policy of pursuing registration of our principal marks and opposing any infringement of our marks.
 Human Capital
 At GameStop, we strive to attract, retain and develop talent at all levels of our organization. We have approximately 6,000 full-time salaried and hourly associates and between 10,000 and 13,000 part-time, hourly associates worldwide, depending on the time of year. Our human resource philosophy is based on the following tenets:
 • Development. We are committed to providing our associates with opportunities to develop and grow their careers. We offer learning opportunities through our training programs.
 • Collaboration. We advocate working actively to build understanding and collaboration across functions. We believe a more collaborative workforce provides many benefits in drawing upon a greater richness of resources, experiences, ideas and talents.
 • Benefits. We have designed our compensation and benefits programs to meet the unique needs of employees in our various business segments. These programs are intended to attract, reward and retain talent, while instilling an ownership mentality in our work.

 Available Information
 The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like GameStop, who file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The address of that site is  Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports can be accessed through that website and also indirectly through our corporate website ( In addition, our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct is available on our website under "Corporate Governance" and is available to our stockholders in print, free of charge, upon written request to the Investor Relations Department at GameStop Corp., 625 Westport Parkway, Grapevine, Texas 76051. Any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct or our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial and Executive Officers that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controllers and persons performing similar functions and that relate to any matter enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC will be disclosed on our website. The contents of our corporate website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 An investment in our Company involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks below, together with the other information contained in this report and other filings we make with the SEC, before you make an investment decision with respect to our Company. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we consider immaterial, may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition, and could cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock and the value of your investment.
 Risks Related to Our Investment Policy and Investment Portfolio
 The value of our investment portfolio may decline.
 The Company's Investment Policy permits the Company to invest from time to time in securities and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin and U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, and the Company is, and will be, exposed to market volatility in connection with these investments. The Company's financial position and financial performance could be adversely affected by worsening market conditions or poor performance of such investments. Bitcoin, for example, is a highly volatile asset and has experienced significant price fluctuations over time. Our Bitcoin strategy has not been tested and may prove unsuccessful. U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins may also suffer from value loss due to various issues underlying the product, including bank or issuer failure or underlying blockchain problems. The Company may also invest from time to time in nonmarketable securities and may need to hold such instruments for a long period of time and may not be able to realize a return of its cash investment should there be a need to liquidate to obtain cash at any given time. The Company may also invest from time to time in securities that are interest-bearing securities and if there are changes in interest rates, those changes would affect the interest income the Company earns on these investments and, therefore, impact its cash flows and results of operations.
 Our investment portfolio may be concentrated in one or a few holdings, which may result in a single holding significantly impacting the value of our investment portfolio.
 The Company's investment portfolio is overseen in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Investment Committee pursuant to the Investment Policy. The Company's investment portfolio may be concentrated in just one or a few holdings. Accordingly, a significant decline in the market value of one or more of such holdings may not be offset by hypothetically better performance of the other holdings, if any. This concentration of risk may result in a more pronounced effect on net income and stockholders' equity, and may result in greater volatility in the fair market value of the Company's investment portfolio from one period to another.
 If we acquire Bitcoin, we will be exposed to certain risks associated with Bitcoin.
 The Bitcoin markets have historically experienced significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes, relative anonymity, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges and other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. Our Bitcoin holdings could significantly impact our financial results and the market price of our listed securities. Our Bitcoin strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. We are continually examining the risks and rewards of our strategy to acquire and hold Bitcoin. By investing in Bitcoin, we may become subject to counterparty risk, such as with our Bitcoin custodians and those with whom we transact in Bitcoin or other crypto-currencies. The broader digital assets industry may also be subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of Bitcoin. Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies are subject to regulatory and legal uncertainty, and governments and regulators may enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions that could impact the price of Bitcoin or our ability to acquire, hold or transfer Bitcoin, and may subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny. If federal or state tax authorities change Bitcoin's classification from property, which allows for capital gains treatment but also imposes certain tax reporting requirements, to another category, such as to currency or a financial asset, the resulting tax implications could negatively affect us and our stockholders. Additionally, changes in the accounting treatment of our Bitcoin holdings could have significant accounting impacts, including increasing the volatility of our results. Bitcoin does not pay interest or other returns and we can only generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings if we sell our Bitcoin or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our Bitcoin holdings. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks. If we are unable to sell Bitcoin we acquire or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings, or if we are forced to sell our Bitcoin at a significant loss, our business and financial condition could be negatively impacted. In addition, Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and the entities that provide services to participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem, as well as the Bitcoin and blockchain ledger, digital wallets, and other digital assets and blockchain technologies, have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks or other malicious activities. If we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to our Bitcoin, or other similar

 circumstances or events occur, we may lose some or all of our Bitcoin and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Further, to the extent the private keys for a digital wallet are lost, destroyed, or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private keys is accessible, neither we nor our custodians would be able to access the Bitcoin held in the related digital wallet.
 If we acquire U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, we may be exposed to certain risks associated with such stablecoins.
 U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins are digital assets designed to have a stable value over time as compared to typically volatile digital assets, and are backed by the U.S. Dollar. Volatility in stablecoins, operational issues with stablecoins (for example, technical issues that prevent settlement or redemption), concerns about the sufficiency of any reserves that support stablecoins, or regulatory concerns about stablecoin issuers or intermediaries or the stablecoins themselves, could all impair the value of such stablecoins and result in losses. By investing in U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, we may become subject to counterparty risk, such as with the issuers of the stablecoins, custodians and those with whom we transact in U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins. U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins are subject to regulatory and legal uncertainty, and governments and regulators may enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions that could impact our ability to acquire, hold or transfer U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, and may subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny.
 The Company is required to recognize losses in a particular investment for financial statement purposes even though the Company has not actually sold the security.
 Under accounting rules, changes in the unrealized gains and losses on certain of our investments may be included in the Company's reported net income (loss), even though the Company has not actually realized any gain or loss by selling such securities. Accordingly, changes in the market prices of such securities can have a significant impact on the Company's reported results for a particular period, even though those changes do not bear on the performance of the Company's operating businesses.
 Our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could adversely affect our businesses.
 Certain of our executive officers, members of our Investment Committee and members of the Board of Directors engage in personal investment activities. These personal investments, done in their individual capacities or through affiliated investment vehicles, may give rise to potential conflicts or perceived conflicts between the personal financial interests of the executive officers, members of our Investment Committee or members of the Board of Directors and the interests of us, any of our subsidiaries or any stockholder other than such executive officers, members of our Investment Committee or members of the Board of Directors.
 If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted.
 In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), unless we can qualify for an exclusion or exemption therefrom, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading of securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owning "investment securities" having a value constituting more than 40% of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including restrictions on the nature of our investments and restrictions on our issuance of securities. In addition, burdensome requirements may be imposed on us, including registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, adoption of a specific form of corporate structure and reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition and may also require us to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our business. Further, a determination by regulators that Bitcoin or certain other cryptocurrencies constitute "securities" or "investment securities" under the Investment Company Act or other Federal Securities laws could lead to our classification as an investment company under the Investment Company Act and could negatively impact the market price or liquidity of Bitcoin or such other cryptocurrencies that we may hold and the market value of our Class A Common Stock.
 Retail Industry Risks
 Economic, social and political conditions in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect demand for the products we sell and impact our business and financial condition.
 Sales of our products involve discretionary spending by consumers, making our results highly dependent on the health of the economies and consumer confidence in the markets in which we operate. Consumers are typically more likely to make

 discretionary purchases, including purchasing gaming and technology products, when there are favorable economic conditions. Our business may be affected by many economic, social, and political factors outside our control. Some of these factors include consumer disposable income levels, consumer confidence in current and future economic conditions, levels of employment, consumer credit availability, consumer debt levels, interest rates, tax rates, housing market conditions, inflation, tariffs, socio-political factors, such as civil unrest or political uncertainty, and the effect of weather, natural disasters, and public health crises. Adverse economic, social and political changes in any of the regions in which we sell our products could adversely affect our business in many ways, including reduced sales and margins.
 We face strong competition from multi-channel retailers, ecommerce businesses and others, which directly affects our revenue and profitability.
 The retail environment is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains, including Walmart and Target, computer product and consumer electronics stores, including Best Buy, other United States and international gaming and PC software specialty stores, such as FNAC Darty, and Media Markt-Saturn, major hypermarket chains like Leclerc, toy retail chains, internet-based retailers such as Amazon.com, other internet marketplaces, including those operated by game publishers and console manufacturers, online retailers of digital software, game rental companies and collectibles and trading card retailers. Competition may also result from new entrants into the markets we serve, offering products and/or services that compete with us. If we lose customers to our competitors, or if we reduce our prices or increase our spending to maintain our customers, such actions may negatively impact our business and our financial performance.
 Multi-channel retailers and ecommerce companies continue to focus on delivery services, with customers increasingly seeking faster, guaranteed delivery times and low-cost or free shipping. Our ability to be competitive on delivery times and delivery costs depends on many factors and our failure to successfully manage these factors and offer competitive delivery options could negatively impact the demand for our products.
 The gaming industry has historically been cyclical and is affected by the introduction of next-generation consoles, which could negatively impact the demand for existing products.
 The gaming industry has historically been cyclical in nature in response to the introduction and maturation of new technology. Following the introduction of new gaming platforms, sales of these platforms and related software and accessories generally increase due to initial demand, while sales of older platforms and related products generally decrease as customers migrate toward the new platforms. A new console cycle began with the launch of the Sony PlayStation 5 in November 2020, the Microsoft Xbox Series X in November 2020 and the Nintendo Switch in March 2017. In January 2025, Nintendo announced that Nintendo Switch 2, the successor to the Nintendo Switch system, will be released in 2025.
 We are dependent upon the timely delivery of new and innovative products from our vendors and failure to timely obtain new product can adversely affect our sales.
 We depend on manufacturers and publishers to deliver video game hardware, software, collectibles (including trading cards), and consumer electronics in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. Some of the products we sell may be in short supply and highly allocated among us and our competitors and we compete for product inventory. If we fail to obtain products in sufficient quantities, our sales may be negatively impacted.
 We also depend on these manufacturers and publishers to regularly introduce new and innovative products and software titles to drive industry sales. In recent years, the number of new software titles available for sale has decreased. Separately, our collectibles category, including trading cards, has been driven in part by demand for new releases. Any material delay in the introduction or delivery, or limited allocations, of hardware platforms, collectibles or software titles could result in reduced sales. In addition, some publishers that have historically published games compatible with multiple gaming platforms have been acquired by console manufacturers. This consolidation could lead to a further reduction in the number of new software titles available for sale.
 Technological advances in the delivery and types of video games and PC entertainment software available to consumers, as well as changes in consumer behavior related to these new technologies, have lowered and may continue to lower, our sales.
 The current consoles from Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft have facilitated download technology. Downloading of video game content to the current generation video game systems continues to grow and take an increasing percentage of new video game sales. If consumers' preference for downloading video game content in lieu of physical software continues to increase, our business and financial performance may be adversely impacted.

 In addition, both Sony and Microsoft currently offer consoles that only allow for the purchase of digital games and content and do not work with physical software. Sales of those types of consoles eliminate the ability of customers to purchase physical software, which may also adversely affect our sales of both new and pre-owned physical software.
 Interruptions to our supply chain or the supply chain of our suppliers may adversely affect our business.
 Our suppliers rely on foreign sources, primarily in Asia, to manufacture a portion of the products we purchase from them. As a result, any event causing a disruption of imports, including labor shortages, natural disasters, public health crises or the imposition of import or trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas could increase the cost and reduce the supply of products available to us, which may negatively impact our business and results of operations.
 An adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could impact our financial results.
 Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with a major portion of our sales and operating profit realized during the fourth quarter of each year, which includes the holiday selling season. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, we generated approximately 34% and 34%, respectively, of our sales during the fourth quarter. Any adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could lower our results of operations for the fourth quarter and the entire fiscal year.
 Our ability to obtain favorable terms from our suppliers and service providers may impact our financial results.
 Our financial results depend significantly upon the business terms we can obtain from our suppliers and service providers, including competitive prices, unsold product return policies, advertising and market development allowances, freight charges and payment terms. We purchase substantially all of our products directly from manufacturers, software publishers and, in some cases, distributors. If our suppliers and service providers do not provide us with favorable business terms or allocate reduced volumes of their products to us, we may not be able to offer products to our customers in sufficient volumes or at competitive prices. Vendors may request credit support which could require us to either use cash on hand or collateralize letters of credit with restricted cash or other credit support mechanisms, which would reduce our liquidity available for other purposes.
 Our sales of collectibles depend on trends in pop culture and, if we are unable to anticipate, identify and react to these trends, our sales and business may be adversely affected.
 Our sales of collectibles are heavily dependent upon the continued demand by our customers for collectibles, apparel, toys, trading cards, gadgets, electronics and other retail products for pop culture and technology enthusiasts. The popularity of such products is often driven by movies, television shows, music, fashion and other pop culture influences. Our failure to anticipate, identify and react appropriately to changing trends and preferences of customers could lead to, among other things, excess inventories and higher markdowns.
 Changes to tariff and import/export regulations may negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
 A significant portion of the products we offer are purchased from foreign vendors or manufactured in foreign countries. In recent months, trade tensions between the United States and other countries have escalated. The imposition of additional, new, or different actions with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., the erection of barriers to trade, tax policy related to international commerce, or other trade matters could impact the cost or availability of the merchandise we offer, which may have an adverse impact on our business.
 Strategic Retail Risks
 If we are unable to successfully maintain strong retail and ecommerce experiences for our customers, our sales and results of operations could adversely be impacted.
 Our business has become increasingly dependent on multiple sales channels as we strive to deliver a seamless shopping experience to our customers through both online and in-store shopping experiences. Operating an ecommerce platform is a complex undertaking and exposes us to risks and difficulties frequently experienced by internet-based businesses, including risks related to our ability to attract and retain customers on a cost-effective basis and our ability to operate and support our internet operations, website, mobile applications and other related operational systems. If we are not able to successfully operate our ecommerce platform, we may not be able to provide a positive shopping experience or maintain customer traffic, sales or margins, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.
 In-store and ecommerce retail are competitive and evolving environments. Insufficient, untimely or inadequately prioritized or ineffectively implemented investments could significantly impact our profitability and growth and affect our ability to attract new customers, as well as maintain our existing ones.

 If we fail to keep pace with changing industry technology and consumer preferences, we will be at a competitive disadvantage.
 The interactive entertainment industry is characterized by swiftly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new and enhanced product introductions, rapidly changing consumer preferences and product obsolescence. Video games are now played on a wide variety of mediums, including video game consoles, personal computers, mobile phones, tablets, social networking websites and other devices. Browser, mobile and social gaming is accessed through hardware other than the consoles and traditional hand-held video game devices we currently sell. In addition, augmented reality, virtual reality and blockchain technology continue to rapidly evolve and may result in changes in both customer preferences and the types of hardware and software that are used by customers.
 To continue to compete effectively in the gaming and interactive entertainment industry, we must respond effectively to market and technological changes and understand their impact on our customers' preferences. It may take significant time and resources to respond to these technological changes and changes in consumer preferences. Our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted if we fail to keep pace with these changes.
 If we are unable to successfully manage our profitability and cost reduction initiatives, our operating results could be adversely affected.
 As part of our strategic plan, we have undertaken cost reduction measures and other initiatives to improve the efficiency of our operations, including initiatives to reduce headcount. These initiatives could strain our existing resources, and we could experience operating difficulties in managing our business, including difficulties in hiring, managing and retaining employees. If we do not adapt, we may experience erosion to our brand, the quality of our products and services may suffer and our operating results may be negatively impacted.
 An important element of our profitability initiative is to reduce our global store base. Failure to successfully transfer customers and sales from closed stores to nearby stores could adversely impact our financial results.
 As a part of our profitability initiative, we are reducing our global store base, which includes closing stores that are not meeting performance standards or stores at the end of their lease terms with the intent of transferring sales to other nearby locations. If we are unsuccessful in marketing to customers of the stores that we plan to close or in transferring sales to nearby stores, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
 Changes in our senior management or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
 Our success depends, in part, on the continuing services and contributions of our leadership team to execute on our strategic plan. Turnover in key leadership positions in the Company or our failure to timely or successfully implement leadership transitions could adversely affect our ability to manage the Company efficiently and effectively, could be disruptive and distracting to management and may lead to additional departures of current personnel, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
 Our success also depends, in part, upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a highly trained and engaged workforce, including key executives, management for our stores and skilled merchandising, marketing, financial and administrative personnel. The turnover rate in the retail and fulfillment industries is relatively high, and there is an ongoing need to recruit and train new store and fulfillment associates. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified associates include associate morale, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers and our ability to offer appropriate compensation and benefits packages.
 Our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel or retain key personnel in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
 Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business and our ability to attract and retain customers and employees.
 Our continued success depends upon customers' perception of our Company. Any negative publicity relating to our vendors, products, associates and members of our Board or practices could damage our reputation and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers and employees. Failure to detect, prevent or mitigate issues that might give rise to reputational risk or failure to adequately address negative publicity or perceptions could adversely impact our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.
 Operational Risks
 If we or the third parties with whom we work do not maintain the security of our information

 technology systems or data (including customer, associate or Company information), such failure could negatively impact our operations, damage our reputation, cause us to incur substantial additional costs, lead us to become subject to litigation, or cause us to experience other adverse consequences.
 An important part of our business involves the receipt, collection, storage, transfer, disposal, disclosure, security, use, and other processing (collectively, "process" or "processing") of personal information of our customers and associates (including, in the case of customers, payment information) and other sensitive information (including without limitation proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and financial data). We have systems and processes in place that are designed to protect against security and data breaches, compromise of confidential and other sensitive information, and other interruptions. Despite these efforts, we have been the target of cybersecurity attacks in the past and there is no guarantee that the procedures we have implemented to protect against such security breaches, compromises, and other interruptions are adequate or will be effective. Our data and information systems (including those of third parties with whom we work), are subject to a variety of evolving threats (e.g., phishing attacks, software bugs, ransomware, and others). These threats come from a wide variety of actors (e.g., hackers, personnel, nation states and state-sponsored actors). Our data and information systems may also be compromised for reasons other than a cyberattack (e.g., information system malfunctions, loss, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fire or flood). We rely on certain third parties and their technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive data (including personal information) in a variety of contexts. Our ability to monitor these third parties' information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If the third parties with whom we work experience a security breach, compromise, or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences.
 A successful cybersecurity attack or other compromise of our data or information systems could lead to significant disruptions in the operations of our systems and business, including our ability to accept payment from customers, unauthorized release of sensitive information (including customer payment information) and corruption of data. If we (or a third party with whom we work) experience a security breach or other compromise or are perceived to have experienced a security breach or other compromise, we may experience material adverse consequences, such as significant investment and resources to identify and remediate such breach or other compromise, notification obligations, costly litigation, government investigations, government enforcement actions, fines, penalties and/or lawsuits, significant harm to our reputation with our customers, and other similar harms.
 We are subject to stringent and evolving laws and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Compliance with such obligations and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to increased costs and liabilities (e.g., government investigations, litigation, fines and penalties, reputational harm, loss of revenue, loss of customers and other adverse business consequences).
 Given our processing of personal information, we are subject to laws and other obligations (including industry standards (such as those related to payment cards), policies, statements and contracts) relating to personal information. Laws governing personal information continue to evolve, as federal, state and foreign governments continue to adopt new or different measures relating to data privacy and security as well as the processing of personal information. The interpretation and application of many existing privacy and data protection laws and regulations in the U.S. (including the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended ("CCPA")), Europe (including the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation), and elsewhere impose stringent obligations on processing personal information and create the risk of significant fines and other adverse consequences for noncompliance. Such laws and regulations may be interpreted or applied in a manner that is inconsistent with each other and may complicate our existing data management practices. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under applicable data protection obligations have become increasingly burdensome and complex. Additionally, under various data protection laws and other obligations, we may be required to provide specific notices and obtain certain consents to process personal information. For example, some of our data processing practices have been, and may in the future continue to be, subject to challenges or lawsuits under data privacy, data security, and communications laws, including, for example, challenges based on anti-wiretapping or eavesdropping laws. We are or may become subject to obligations that limit the manner in which we transfer personal information across national borders. Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect us from privacy and security liabilities, such coverage may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or such coverage may not pay claims.
 Compliance with such obligations increases our costs. Our failure (or perceived failure) to comply with these obligations could result in adverse consequences, including but not limited to privacy or security-related claims (including class actions), government investigations and enforcement actions, penalties and fines, require us to change our business practices and may lead to administrative, civil, or criminal liability.
 Weather, natural disasters, public health crises and other unexpected events could adversely affect our operating results.

 The risk or actual occurrence of various unexpected events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Such events may be caused by, for example: natural disasters or extreme weather events; diseases or pandemics (including COVID-19) that have affected and may continue to affect our employees, customers or partners; floods, fires or other catastrophes affecting our properties, employees or customers; cybersecurity attacks, power outages and telecommunications failures affecting our systems; or terrorism, civil unrest, mass violence or violent acts or other conflicts.
 Such events can adversely affect our workforce and prevent employees and customers from reaching our stores, logistics facilities and other properties and can disrupt or disable portions of our supply chain, distribution network and refurbishment operations. They can also affect our information technology systems, resulting in disruption to various aspects of our operations, including our ability to transact with customers and fulfill orders. As a consequence of these or other events, we may endure interruption to our operations or losses of property, equipment or inventory, which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
 Our U.S. support, fulfillment and refurbishment operations are concentrated, in large part, in a single facility in Grapevine, Texas. A casualty or other event that impacts this facility or its employees could significantly disrupt our support, fulfillment and refurbishment operations, and as a result could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
 We seek to mitigate our exposure to disruptions in several ways. For example, where feasible, we design the configuration of our logistics operations to reduce the consequences of disasters and other disruptions. We also maintain insurance for these facilities against casualties, and we evaluate our risks and develop contingency plans for dealing with them. Although we have reviewed and analyzed a broad range of disruption risks applicable to our logistics operations, the ones that actually affect us may not be those that we have concluded are most likely to occur. Furthermore, our plans may not be adequate at the time of occurrence for the magnitude of any particular disruption event that we may encounter.
 Inventory shrinkage may negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.
 Although some level of inventory shrinkage is an unavoidable cost of doing business, higher rates of inventory shrinkage or increased security or other costs to combat inventory theft could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to contain or reduce inventory shrinkage.
 If our systems fail to perform or are inadequate, our ability to manage our business could be disrupted.
 We rely on computerized systems to coordinate and manage the activities in our operations, including our ecommerce, store and fulfillment operations. If any of these systems fail to adequately perform their functions, including our point-of-sale, inventory management, information technology or enterprise management systems, our business could be adversely affected.
 We depend on third-party delivery services to deliver products to our retail locations, fulfillment centers and customers on a timely and consistent basis, and changes in the terms we have with these service providers could adversely affect our business and financial position.
 We rely on third parties for the transportation of products, and we cannot be sure that these services will continue to be provided on terms favorable to us, or at all. Delivery and shipping costs may increase from time to time, and we may not be able to pass these costs directly to our customers. Any increased delivery and shipping costs could harm our business and financial performance by increasing our costs of doing business and reducing our margins.
 If our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired, if we are unable to negotiate acceptable terms with these third parties or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether due to a labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our retail locations, fulfillment centers and customers. Changing carriers could have a negative effect on our business and operating results due to the negative impact on customer experience, including reduced visibility of order status and package tracking and delays in order processing and product delivery, and we may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis, upon terms favorable to us, or at all. In addition, these third parties have increasingly had demand for their services exceed capacity, in particular during the holiday selling season, and we may be unable to obtain sufficient services to meet our demand or to timely meet our customers' expectations.
 If our vendors fail to provide marketing and merchandising support at historical levels, our sales and earnings could be negatively impacted.

 The manufacturers of gaming products have typically provided retailers with significant marketing and merchandising support for their products. As part of this support, we receive cooperative advertising and market development payments from these vendors which enable us to actively promote and merchandise the products we sell and drive sales at our stores and on our websites. If our vendors fail to continue to provide this support at historical levels, our business and financial condition may be negatively impacted.
 Restrictions on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned products could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
 Our financial results depend on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned products. Actions by manufacturers or publishers of products or governmental authorities to prohibit or limit our ability to purchase or sell pre-owned products, or to limit the ability of consumers to use pre-owned products, could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
 If we are unable to renew or enter into new leases on favorable terms, our earnings may be adversely affected.
 All of our retail stores are located in leased premises. If the cost of leasing existing stores increases, we cannot ensure that we will be able to maintain our existing store locations as leases expire. In addition, we may not be able to enter into new leases on favorable terms or at all, or we may not be able to locate suitable alternative sites in a timely manner. Our revenues and earnings may decline if we fail to maintain existing store locations, enter into new leases, or locate alternative sites.
 Risks Related to Laws and Regulations
 Unfavorable changes in our global tax rate could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
 As a result of our operations in foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Depending upon the sources of our income, any agreements we may have with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and the tax filing positions we take in various jurisdictions, our overall tax rate may be higher than other companies or higher than our tax rates have been in the past. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our business and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. A change in the mix of our business from year to year and from country to country, changes in rules related to accounting for income taxes, changes in tax laws in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate, or adverse outcomes from the tax audits that regularly are in process in any jurisdiction in which we operate could result in an unfavorable change in our overall tax rate, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of our operations.
 We also continue to monitor developments related to tax legislation and government policy. The impact of these potential changes to our business and consolidated financial results cannot be determined until the relevant legislation and policies are finalized.
 Legislative actions may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase and impact our operations and financial condition.
 To comply with laws adopted by the U.S. government or other U.S. or foreign regulatory bodies, we may be required to increase our expenditures and hire additional personnel and additional outside legal, accounting and advisory services, all of which may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase. Significant workforce-related legislative changes could increase our expenses and adversely affect our operations. Examples of possible workforce-related legislative changes include changes to an employer's obligation to recognize collective bargaining units, the process by which collective bargaining agreements are negotiated or imposed, minimum wage requirements and health care mandates. In addition, changes in the regulatory environment affecting Medicare reimbursements, workplace safety, product safety, privacy and security of customer data, responsible sourcing, environmental protection, supply chain transparency, and increased compliance costs related to wage and hour statutes, limitations on arbitration/class action waiver agreements and overtime regulations, among others, could cause our expenses to increase without an ability to pass through any increased expenses through higher prices.
 Failure to comply with federal, state, local and international laws, regulations and statutes applicable to our business could result in an adverse impact to our business and financial condition.
 As a seller of consumer products, we are also subject to various federal, state, local and international laws, regulations and statutes, including laws relating to product safety and consumer protection and privacy. While we take steps to comply with these laws, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance, and failure to comply with these laws

 could result in litigation, regulatory action and penalties which could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition. In addition, our suppliers might not adhere to product safety requirements and the Company and those suppliers may therefore be subject to involuntary or voluntary product recalls or product liability lawsuits. Direct costs, lost sales and reputational damage associated with product recalls, government enforcement actions or product liability lawsuits, individually or in the aggregate, could have a negative impact on future revenues and results of operations.
 Our international operations are also subject to compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-bribery laws applicable to our operations. While we have policies and procedures to ensure compliance with these laws, our associates, contractors, representatives and agents may take actions that violate our policies. Any violations of these laws by any of these persons could have a negative impact on our business.
 Litigation and the outcomes of such litigation could negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
 In the ordinary course of our business, we are, from time to time, subject to various litigation and legal proceedings, including matters involving wage and hour associate class actions, stockholder and consumer class actions, tax audits and unclaimed property audits by states. The outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings and the magnitude of potential losses therefrom, particularly class action lawsuits and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify.
 Certain of these legal proceedings, if decided adversely to us or settled by us, may require changes to our business operations that negatively impact our operating results or involve significant liability awards that impact our financial condition. The cost to defend litigation may be significant. As a result, legal proceedings may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
 Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
 The market price of our Class A Common Stock has been extremely volatile and may continue to be volatile due to numerous circumstances beyond our control.
 The market price of our Class A Common Stock has fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, widely, due to many factors, some of which may be beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation:
 •"short squeezes";
 • comments by securities analysts or other third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media;
 • large stockholders exiting their position in our Class A Common Stock or an increase or decrease in the short interest in our Class A Common Stock;
 • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results;
 • the timing and allocations of new product releases including new console launches;
 • shifts in the timing or content of certain promotions or service offerings;
 • the effect of changes in tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
 • acquisition costs and the integration of companies we acquire or invest in;
 • the mix of earnings in the countries in which we operate;
 • the costs associated with the exit of unprofitable markets, businesses or stores;
 • changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
 • negative public perception of us, our competitors or industry; and
 • overall general market fluctuations.
 Stock markets in general and our stock price in particular have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies and our Company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. In particular, a large proportion of our Class A Common Stock has been and may continue to be traded by short sellers which has put and may continue to put pressure on the supply and demand for our Class A Common Stock, further influencing volatility in its

 market price. These and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market price and demand for our Class A Common Stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent our stockholders from readily selling their shares of our Class A Common Stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our Class A Common Stock.
 A "short squeeze" due to a sudden increase in demand for shares of our Class A Common Stock that largely exceeds supply has led to, and may continue to lead to, extreme price volatility in shares of our Class A Common Stock.
 Investors may purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of our Class A Common Stock. Speculation on the price of our Class A Common Stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock available for purchase on the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock for delivery to lenders of our Class A Common Stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of shares of our Class A Common Stock until additional shares of our Class A Common Stock are available for trading or borrowing. This is often referred to as a "short squeeze."
 A large proportion of our Class A Common Stock has been and may continue to be traded by short sellers which may increase the likelihood that our Class A Common Stock will be the target of a short squeeze. A short squeeze has previously led and could continue to lead to volatile price movements in shares of our Class A Common Stock that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects and, once investors purchase the shares of our Class A Common Stock necessary to cover their short positions, the price of our Class A Common Stock may rapidly decline. Stockholders that purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock during a short squeeze may lose a significant portion of their investment.
 Information available in public media that is published by third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media may include statements not attributable to the Company and may not be reliable or accurate.
 We have received, and may continue to receive, a high degree of media coverage that is published or otherwise disseminated by third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media. This includes coverage that is not attributable to statements made by our officers or associates. Information provided by third parties may not be reliable or accurate and could materially impact the trading price of our Class A Common Stock which could cause stockholders to lose their investments.
 A large number of shares of our Class A Common Stock available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock and may be dilutive to current stockholders.
 The sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the price for our Class A Common Stock. Our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of additional authorized but unissued Class A Common Stock or other authorized but unissued securities at any time, including pursuant to equity incentive plans. In addition, we may file a registration statement with the SEC, allowing us to offer, from time to time and at any time, equity securities (including common or preferred stock), subject to market conditions and other factors. Accordingly, we may, from time to time and at any time, seek to offer and sell our equity securities, including sales of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to an at-the-market program, based upon market conditions and other factors.
 Future sales of a substantial amount of our Class A Common Stock in the public markets by our insiders, or the perception that these sales may occur, may cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
 Our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, hold substantial amounts of shares of our Class A Common Stock. Sales of a substantial number of such shares by these stockholders, or the perception that such sales will occur, may cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline. Other than restrictions on trading that arise under securities laws (or pursuant to our securities trading policy that is intended to facilitate compliance with securities laws), including the prohibition on trading in securities by or on behalf of a person who is aware of material nonpublic information, we have no restrictions on the right of our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, to sell their unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock.
 Risks Related to Financial Performance and Reporting
 Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
 Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending upon several factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:

 • the timing and allocations of new product releases including new console launches;
 • the amounts devoted to strategic investments and failure to achieve anticipated profitability and benefits from such initiatives within the expected time-frames, or at all;
 • the timing and extent of the achievement of anticipated profits from investments, if at all;
 • to the extent we acquire and hold significant amounts of Bitcoin or U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, fluctuations in the price of Bitcoin or such stablecoins, changes to our Bitcoin or stablecoin strategy and regulatory, commercial and technical developments relating to Bitcoin or such stablecoins;
 • shifts in the timing or content of certain promotions or service offerings;
 • the effect of changes in tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
 • the mix of earnings in the countries in which we operate;
 • the costs associated with the exit of unprofitable markets, businesses or stores; and
 • changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
 These and other factors could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and this makes the prediction of our financial results on a quarterly basis difficult. Also, it is possible that our quarterly financial results may be below the expectations of public market analysts.
 We and our subsidiaries may incur additional debt.
 Debt financing, if obtained, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, and could increase our expenses and require that our assets secure such debt. These restrictions and expenses could, in turn, negatively impact our financial condition and liquidity.
 If our internal control over financial reporting is ineffective, our business may be adversely affected and we may lose market confidence in our reported financial information, which could adversely impact our business and stock price.
 Effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements and may not prevent or detect misstatements because of inherent limitations. These limitations include, among others, the possibility of human error, inadequacy or circumvention of controls and fraud.
 If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to report financial information timely and accurately could be adversely affected. As a result, we could lose investor confidence and become subject to litigation or investigations, which could adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition and our stock price.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 None.

 ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
 Risk Management and Strategy
 An important part of our business involves the receipt, storage and other processing of personal information of our customers and associates, including, in the case of our customers, payment information. Security of this information and our other proprietary or sensitive data is imperative to ensure the trust of our customers, vendors, and associates. We assess, identify and manage material risks related to potential cybersecurity attacks on or through our electronic information systems that could adversely affect the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or the information residing on those systems through various processes. These processes include a wide variety of controls, technologies, methods, systems, and other processes that are designed to prevent, detect, or mitigate data loss, theft and misuse, and unauthorized access to, or other cybersecurity attacks or vulnerabilities affecting, our data and information technology systems.
 The assessment of cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management processes and cybersecurity is identified as a key risk within our Enterprise Risk Management ("ERM") program. The Company strives to implement cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and controls for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from

 cybersecurity threats and responding to cybersecurity attacks that are aligned with industry best practices and applicable frameworks.

 We have an information technology ("IT") security team, led by our chief information security officer, that is responsible for implementing and maintaining cybersecurity and data protection practices at the Company in close coordination with senior leadership and other teams across GameStop. We seek to address cybersecurity risks through a cross-functional approach, including relevant training for applicable associates and regular reviews and tests of our cybersecurity program that leverage audits performed by our internal audit team. In addition to our in-house cybersecurity capabilities, at times we also engage consultants or other third parties to assist with assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks.
 We use processes to oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party technology and systems. We maintain processes designed to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity attack or other compromise at a third-party vendor.
 We maintain a cybersecurity incident response plan, which details the incident response procedures and points of contact related to the response processes. The response plan includes a decision-tree-based playbook, which is a supplement to the plan, and focuses on specific types of incidents and the appropriate response steps.
 As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any recent cybersecurity attacks that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.
 See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" for additional information about the risks to our business associated with a breach or compromise to our data and information security systems.
 Governance
 As indicated above, we have an IT security team, led by our chief information security officer, that is responsible for implementing and maintaining centralized cybersecurity and data protection practices at the Company in close coordination with senior leadership and other teams across GameStop. The security team's leadership has an average of 13 years of prior work experience in various roles including monitoring, response, compliance and privacy. These individuals are informed about, and monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including the operation of our incident response plan, and report to the Audit Committee on any appropriate items.
 The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, with input from management, assesses the measures implemented by us to mitigate and prevent cybersecurity attacks or other compromise. The Company's IT team consults with, and provides regular updates to, our Audit Committee, as well as members of our senior management team, as appropriate, on technology and cybersecurity matters, the status of projects to strengthen our information security systems, assessments of our cybersecurity program, and timely reports regarding any cybersecurity attack that meets established reporting thresholds. Our Audit Committee has oversight responsibility for our cybersecurity program.

 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 All of our retail stores are leased. Store leases typically provide for a lease term of one to five years, plus renewal options. This arrangement gives us the flexibility to pursue extension or relocation opportunities that arise from changing market conditions. We believe that, as current leases expire, we will be able to obtain either renewals at present locations or leases for similar locations in the same area.
 The terms of the store leases for the 3,203 leased stores open as of February 1, 2025 expire as follows.

 Lease Terms to Expire During
of Stores

 Fiscal 2025

 1,688

 Fiscal 2026

 Fiscal 2027

 Fiscal 2028

 Fiscal 2029 and later

 3,203

 As of February 1, 2025, we owned zero and leased 11 distribution facilities, totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet. The lease expiration dates for the leased facilities range from 2025 to 2032, with an average remaining lease life, including reasonably certain options, of approximately six years.
 The following table presents our principal facilities(1). Additional information regarding our properties can be found in Item 1, "Business—Store Locations" in this Form 10-K.

 Location
 Segment
 Square
Footage
 Owned or
 Use

 Grapevine, Texas, USA(1)

 United States
 360,000
 Distribution, administration, and manufacturing

 Brampton, Ontario, Canada
 119,000
 Distribution and administration

 Eagle Farm, Queensland, Australia
 185,000
 Distribution and administration

 Sophia Antipolis, France

 18,165

 Administration

 Paris, France

 76,000

 Distribution

 ___________________
 (1) In fiscal 2024 we closed our York, Pennsylvania distribution facility to consolidate U.S. fulfillment activities to our Grapevine, Texas facility. In fiscal 2024 we divested our operations in Italy, which included our facility in Milan, Italy. In fiscal 2024 we relocated our U.S. refurbishment operations into our distribution and administration facility in Grapevine Texas. Previously these refurbishment operations were performed in a separate facility also located in Grapevine, Texas.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 The matters included in Part II, Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 1 5, "Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings" included in this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 Not applicable.

 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "GME". As of March 19, 2025, there were 447,083,981 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding. Of those outstanding shares, approximately 377.6 million were held by Cede & Co on behalf of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (or approximately 84% of our outstanding shares) and approximately 69.5 million shares of our Class A Common Stock were held by registered holders with our transfer agent (or approximately 16% of our outstanding shares). As of March 19, 2025, there were 190,074 record holders of our Class A Common Stock.
 On June 3, 2019, our Board of Directors elected to eliminate our quarterly dividend in an effort to strengthen our balance sheet and provide increased financial flexibility. During the past five fiscal years, we have not declared, and do not anticipate declaring in the near term, dividends on shares of our Class A Common Stock. We currently use, and will continue to use, all available funds and any future earnings for working capital and general corporate purposes, maintaining a strong balance sheet, potential strategic initiatives and capital expenditures. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, including those under the agreements governing our existing indebtedness, and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
 Stock Comparative Performance Graph
 The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A Common Stock for the period commencing January 28, 2019 through January 31, 2025 (the last trading date of fiscal 2024) with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (the "S&P 500") and the Dow Jones Retailers, Other Specialty Industry Group Index (the "Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index") over the same period. Total return values were calculated based on cumulative total return assuming (i) the investment of $100 in our Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index on January 28, 2019 and (ii) reinvestment of dividends.
 The following stock performance graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or "filed" with the SEC, nor should such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference in such filing.

 1/28/2019
 1/31/2020
 1/29/2021
 1/28/2022
 1/27/2023
 2/2/2024
 1/31/2025

 GME
 $
 100.00
 $
 25.63
 $
 2,169.54
 $
 653.60
 $
 609.34
 $
 393.32
 $
 718.28

 S&P 500 Index
 $
 100.00
 $
 124.48
 $
 145.93
 $
 176.56
 $
 164.83
 $
 204.08
 $
 251.96

 Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index
 $
 100.00
 $
 110.92
 $
 156.31
 $
 149.90
 $
 149.53
 $
 178.51
 $
 261.04

 As noted above under the heading "Risk Factors — Risk Related to Our Class A Common Stock", the market price of our Class A Common Stock has been extremely volatile due to circumstances outside of our control, including a short squeeze in 2021 that led to volatile price movements that were unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance.
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 On March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization allowing us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our Class A Common Stock. The authorization has no expiration date. We did not repurchase shares during fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023. As of February 1, 2025, we have $101.3 million remaining under the repurchase authorization. Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis - "Share Repurchases" for additional information.

 ITEM 6. RESERVED

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto. Statements regarding future economic performance, management's plans and objectives, and any statements concerning assumptions related to the foregoing contained in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations constitute forward-looking statements. Certain factors, which may cause actual results to vary materially from these forward-looking statements, accompany such statements or appear elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including the disclosures under Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors."

 In Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we provide a detailed analysis for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. For a comparison of our results of operations for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, see "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 26, 2024.
 OVERVIEW
 GameStop Corp. ("GameStop," "we," "us," "our" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation established in 1996, is a leading specialty retailer offering games and entertainment products through its thousands of stores and ecommerce platforms.
 BUSINESS PRIORITIES
 Our strategy involves (i) using our cash and other sources of liquidity to maximize shareholder value, including through potential investment and/or acquisition opportunities and (ii) optimizing our retail business to achieve profitability.
 Investment Policy
 On March 18, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") unanimously authorized a revised investment policy (the "Investment Policy"). In accordance with the revised Investment Policy, the Board has delegated authority to manage the Company's portfolio of securities investments to an Investment Committee of the Board (the "Investment Committee") consisting of the Company's Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Ryan Cohen, and two independent members of the Board, together with such personnel and advisors as the Investment Committee may choose. The Investment Committee regularly reviews risks related to the Company's investment portfolio, including concentration risk. When allocating cash to various investment opportunities and considering related investment risk, the Investment Committee considers market-based factors, including risk adjusted after-tax yields. When reviewing concentration risk, the Investment Committee considers the liquidity needs of the Company, among other things.
 Investments are made in accordance with the guidelines in the Investment Policy that is reviewed at least annually, with oversight conducted by senior officers and the Investment Committee.
 The overall goals of the Investment Policy are to provide sufficient liquidity to meet the day-to-day financial obligations of the Company, and to optimize investment returns within the guidelines of the Investment Policy. Permissible investment instruments include cash and cash equivalents (e.g. bank obligations, money market funds, and commercial paper), fixed income securities (e.g. obligations of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government, tax exempt obligations of states and municipalities, and corporate bonds/notes), equity securities (limited to those listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), NYSE American, NYSE Arca or the Nasdaq Stock Market and in compliance with the listing standards of the applicable exchange) and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin. Individual exceptions to the Investment Policy may only be made by the unanimous agreement of the Investment Committee or, if the Investment Committee is unable to reach unanimous agreement on such exception, by the Board.
 On March 25, 2025 we announced that, as part of our revisions to the Investment Policy, the Board approved the addition of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, whereby a portion of our cash or future debt and equity issuances may be invested in Bitcoin. We have not set a maximum amount of Bitcoin we may accumulate, and may sell any Bitcoin we may acquire.
 The Investment Committee will direct the investment activity of the Company in public and private markets pursuant to authority granted by the Board. Depending on certain market conditions and various risk factors, Mr. Cohen or other members of the Investment Committee, each in their personal capacity or through affiliated investment vehicles, may at times invest in the same securities in which the Company invests. The Board anticipates that such investments will align the interests of the Company with the interests of related parties because it places the personal resources of such directors at risk in substantially the same manner as resources of the Company in connection with investment decisions made by the Investment Committee on behalf of the Company.

 Retail Business
 GameStop is actively focused on the below objectives:
 • Establish Omnichannel Retail Excellence. We aim to be the leading destination for games and entertainment products through our stores and ecommerce platforms.
 • Achieve Profitability. During fiscal 2024, we continued to optimize our cost structure to align with our current and anticipated future needs. We will continue to focus on cost containment as we look to operate with increased efficiency.
 • Expand Our Addressable Market. We continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. Expansion of these categories provides the Company with margin accretive opportunities that can assist the Company in achieving its profitability goals.
 In connection with our efforts to achieve sustained profitability, we continue to evaluate our international assets and operations, to determine their strategic and financial fit and to eliminate redundancies and underperforming assets. To date we have taken the following steps as part of this ongoing effort:
 • During fiscal 2023, we exited our operations in Ireland, Switzerland, and Austria.
 • During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 we closed down our store operations in Germany
 • During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we sold our Italian subsidiary, GameStop Italy S.r.l, which operated our Italian stores and e-commerce business. The stores in Italy will continue to operate under the GameStop brand for a transition period of up to six months. We recognized impairment expense of $7.6 million on the assets and a loss of $0.5 million during fiscal 2024 in connection with the sale. The proceeds and loss on the sale were immaterial to our financial results.
 • On February 18, 2025, we announced a plan to pursue a sale of our operations in France and Canada
 We have also initiated a comprehensive store portfolio optimization review which involves identifying stores for closure based on many factors, including an evaluation of current market conditions and individual store performance. This review, among other things, resulted in the closure of 590 stores in the United States in fiscal 2024. While this review is ongoing and a specific set of stores has not been identified for closure, we anticipate closing a significant number of additional stores in fiscal 2025.
 While we expect our cost containment efforts to yield reductions in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses in the long term, we have incurred and may continue to incur non-recurring costs related to these efforts in the short term.
 We also continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. On October 15, 2024, GameStop announced that it had entered into a collaboration with Collectors Holdings, Inc., through its Professional Sports Authenticator division ("PSA"). As part of this collaboration, GameStop became an authorized PSA dealer, and PSA provides autograph authentication and grading services for trading cards through select GameStop stores across the United States.

 STORE COUNT INFORMATION
 The following table presents the number of stores by segment as of the end of fiscal 2024 compared to the end of fiscal 2023.

 Openings
 Disposals

 United States
 2,915
 —
 (590)
 2,325

 (11)

 (33)

 —
 (336)

 Total Stores
 4,169
 (970)
 3,203

 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 The following table presents certain statement of operations items (in millions) and as a percentage of net sales:

 Change

 Amount
 Amount
 $
 %

 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 (1,449.8)
 (27.5)
 %

 2,709.1
 70.9
 3,978.6
 75.5
 (1,269.5)
 (31.9)

 Gross profit
 1,113.9
 29.1
 1,294.2
 24.5
 (180.3)
 (13.9)

 Selling, general, and administrative expenses
 1,130.4
 29.6
 1,323.9
 25.1
 (193.5)
 (14.6)

 9.7
 0.2
 4.8
 0.1
 4.9
 102.1

 Operating loss
 (26.2)
 (0.7)
 (34.5)
 (0.7)
 8.3
 24.1

 Interest (income) expense, net

 (163.4)
 (4.3)
 (49.5)
 (0.9)
 (113.9)
 (230.1)

 Other expense, net
 —
 —
 1.9
 —
 (1.9)
 100.0

 Income before income taxes

 137.2
 3.6
 13.1
 0.2
 124.1
 NM(1)

 Income tax expense, net
 5.9
 0.2
 6.4
 0.1
 (0.5)
 (7.8)

 $
 131.3
 3.4
 %
 $
 6.7
 0.1
 %
 $
 124.6
 NM(1)

 (1) "NM" is data that is not meaningful.
 The following table presents net sales by significant product category:

 Change

 $
 %

 Hardware and accessories
 $
 2,099.7
 54.9
 %
 $
 2,996.8
 56.8
 %
 $
 (897.1)
 (29.9)
 %

 Software
 1,005.4
 26.3
 1,522.0
 28.9
 (516.6)
 (33.9)

 Collectibles

 717.9
 18.8
 754.0
 14.3
 (36.1)
 (4.8)

 Total
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 (1,449.8)
 (27.5)
 %

The following table presents net sales by reportable segment:

 Change

 $
 %

 United States
 $
 2,575.7
 67.4
 %
 $
 3,429.4
 65.1
 %
 $
 (853.7)
 (24.9)
 %

 204.3
 5.3
 292.5
 5.5
 (88.2)
 (30.2)

 404.9
 10.6
 522.5
 9.9
 (117.6)
 (22.5)

 638.1
 16.7
 1,028.4
 19.5
 (390.3)
 (38.0)

 Total
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 (1,449.8)
 (27.5)
 %

 During fiscal 2024, total net sales decreased 27.5% compared to the prior year, with net sales in our Europe, Canada, United States, and Australia segments decreasing by 38.0%, 30.2%, 24.9%, and 22.5%, respectively, compared to the prior year. The decrease in consolidated net sales in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year was primarily attributable to a $516.6 million or 33.9% decline in the sales of software, a $897.1 million or 29.9% decline in the sale of hardware and accessories, and a $36.1 million or 4.8% decline in the sales of collectibles.

 Gross Profit
 Gross profit decreased $180.3 million or 13.9% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year, and gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 29.1% in fiscal 2024 compared to 24.5% in the prior year.
 The decrease in gross profit in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to the decrease in net sales, as further outlined in the net sales commentary. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of net sales is primarily due to a shift to higher margin product categories, specifically collectibles and preowned hardware and accessories, as well as improvements in inventory management. Sales of collectibles as a percentage of total net sales increased to 18.8% in the current year, compared to 14.3% in the prior year. Sales of pre-owned hardware and accessories as a percentage of total net sales increased to 11.5% in the current year, compared to 9.3% in the prior year.
 Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
 SG&A expenses decreased $193.5 million or 14.6% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year, and SG&A as a percentage of net sales increased to 29.6%, in fiscal 2024, compared to 25.1% the prior year.
 The decrease in SG&A expenses in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to a $157.2 million reduction in labor-related costs, consulting services costs, and marketing expenses, driven by our continued focus on cost reduction efforts. Store related costs decreased $30.7 million in the current year in connection with store closures, primarily in our European segment. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of net sales is primarily attributable to the decrease in net sales relative to the decrease in SG&A expenses, as further outlined in the net sales commentary.
 Asset Impairments
 Asset impairments related to store-level assets increased $4.9 million to $9.7 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $4.8 million in the prior year. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5 "Segment Information" for additional information related to the impact of impairment charges by segment.
 Interest Income, Net
 Interest income, net increased $113.9 million to $163.4 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $49.5 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the issuance and sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock under the ATM Transactions, as well as higher interest rates in the current year compared to the prior year.
 Income Tax Expense, Net
 Income tax expense, net decreased $0.5 million to $5.9 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $6.4 million in the prior year. The company reported an effective tax rate of 4.3% in fiscal 2024 down from 48.9% in the prior year. This decrease in effective tax rate is primarily attributable to a $113.9 million increase in interest income and a corresponding $24 million increase in statutory tax expense, offset by tax benefits recognized in the current year. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, "Income Taxes," for additional information.

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

 February 3,
2024
 January 28,
2023

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 4,756.9
 $
 921.7

 Marketable securities
 18.0
 277.6

 Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
 $
 4,774.9
 $
 1,199.3

 Sources of Liquidity; Uses of Capital
 Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and cash from operations. As of February 1, 2025, we had total unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand of $4,756.9 million and marketable securities of $18.0 million.
 Our cash and cash equivalents are carried at fair value and consist primarily of cash, money market funds, cash deposits with commercial banks, U.S. government bonds and notes, and highly rated direct short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
 Our marketable securities are also carried at fair value and include investments in certain highly-rated short-term government notes, government bills, and time deposits. As of February 1, 2025, the investment portfolios' aggregate balance was $18.0 million, all of which have an original maturity in excess of 90 days and less than one year and are classified as marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 On an ongoing basis, we evaluate and consider certain strategic operating alternatives, including divestitures, restructuring or dissolution of unprofitable business segments, uses for our excess cash, as well as equity and debt financing alternatives that we believe may enhance stockholder value. The nature, amount and timing of any strategic operational change, or financing transactions that we might pursue will depend on a variety of factors, including, as of the applicable time, our available cash and liquidity and operating performance; our commitments and obligations; our capital requirements; limitations imposed under our credit arrangements; and overall market conditions.
 On March 18, 2025, the Board approved a revised Investment Policy. See "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Investments" for more information. Gains and losses on marketable securities may fluctuate significantly from period to period in the future and could have a significant impact on the Company's results of operations. However, the amount of gain or loss on marketable securities for any given period may have no predictive value and variations in amount from period to period may have no analytical value.
 In fiscal 2021, six separate unsecured term loans held by our French subsidiary, Micromania SAS, for a total of 40.0 million were extended for five years. As of February 1, 2025, $16.9 million remains outstanding.
 In November 2021, we entered into a credit agreement for a secured asset-based credit facility comprised of a $500 million revolving line of credit maturing in November 2026 ("2026 Revolver"). The 2026 Revolver included a $50 million swing loan revolving sub-facility, a $50 million Canadian revolving sub-facility, and a $250 million letter of credit sublimit. On March 22, 2024, we delivered an irrevocable notice pursuant to the 2026 Revolver that reduced the $500 million revolving line of credit to $250 million. The 2026 Revolver continued to include a $50 million swing loan sub-facility, a $50 million Canadian sub-facility and a $250 million letter of credit sublimit. On August 27, 2024, we voluntarily terminated the 2026 Revolver, including all commitments and obligations thereunder.
 Some of our vendors have requested and may continue to request credit support collateral for our inventory purchase obligations and the levels of such collateral will depend on a variety of factors, including our inventory purchase levels, available payment terms for inventories, favorable credit terms, and costs of providing collateral.
 We maintain uncommitted facilities with certain lenders that provide for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees, at times supported by cash collateral. As of February 1, 2025, we had letters of credit and other bank guarantees outstanding in the amount of $7.3 million.
 On May 17, 2024, we entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM with Jefferies LLC (the "Sales Agent") providing for the sale by the Company of shares of our Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Shares"), from time to time, through the Sales Agent in connection with an "at-the-market offering" program (the "ATM Offerings").

 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on May 17, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 45.0 million Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $933.4 million.
 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on June 7, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 75.0 million additional Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $2,137.0 million.
 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on September 10, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 20.0 million additional Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $400.0 million.
 We intend to use the net proceeds from the ATM Offerings for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions and investments in a manner consistent with the Investment Policy.

 Cash Flows
 The following table presents a summary of our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

 Change

 Cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 $
 145.7
 $
 (203.7)
 $
 349.4

 Cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 265.1
 (33.2)
 298.3

 Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 3,443.0
 (11.6)
 3,454.6

 Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 (2.9)
 (8.6)
 5.7

 Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 $
 3,850.9
 $
 (257.1)
 $
 4,108.0

 Operating Activities
 In fiscal 2024, cash provided by operating activities were $145.7 million, compared with cash used in operations of $203.7 million in fiscal 2023.
 Cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the impact of our net income, a decrease in merchandise inventories, and a decrease in receivables, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
 Cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable and the impact of our net income. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to the timing of payments for merchandise inventory as a result of an additional week in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022.
 Investing Activities
 In fiscal 2024, cash provided by investing activities were $265.1 million, compared to cash used in investing activities of $33.2 million in fiscal 2023.
 Cash provided by investing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily attributable to proceeds from the maturity of marketable securities and proceeds from the sale of property and equipment in our Europe segment, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities and routine capital expenditures.
 Cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily due to purchases of marketable securities, ongoing technological investments, and store-related capital expenditures, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities, and proceeds from the sale of property and equipment in our Europe segment.
 Financing activities
 In fiscal 2024, cash provided by financing activities were $3,443.0 million, compared to cash used in financing activities of $11.6 million in fiscal 2023.
 Cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily due to net proceeds of $3,453.8 million received from the issuance and sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock in connection with the ATM Offerings, partially offset by repayments on our government-guaranteed low interest French term loans due October 2022 through October 2026.

 Cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2023 was attributable to the repayments on our government-guaranteed low interest French term loans due October 2022 through October 2026 and the settlement of stock-based awards.

 Share Repurchases
 On March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization allowing us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our Class A Common Stock. The authorization has no expiration date.
 We did not repurchase shares during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. As of February 1, 2025, we have $101.3 million remaining under the repurchase authorization.

 OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
 We had no material off-balance sheet arrangements as of February 1, 2025 other than those disclosed in Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, "Commitments and Contingencies".

 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used by us could have a significant impact on our financial results, and actual results could differ from those estimates. Our senior management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies, as well as the significant accounting policies disclosed in Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reporting of transactions and events, and the estimates these policies involve our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.
 Valuation of Merchandise Inventories
 Our merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. Pre-owned gaming systems traded in by customers are recorded as inventory at the amount of the store credit given to the customer. In valuing inventory, we are required to make assumptions regarding the necessity of reserves required to value potentially obsolete or over-valued items at the lower of cost or market. We consider quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections and returns to vendors, among other factors, when making these assumptions.
 Our ability to gauge these factors is dependent upon our ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment. Any inability to forecast customer demand properly could lead to increased costs associated with write-downs of inventory to reflect volumes or pricing of inventory which we believe represents the net realizable value. A 10% change in our obsolescence reserve percentage at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.5 million in fiscal 2024.
 Customer Liabilities
 Our GameStop Pro rewards program allows paid members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts or coupons. We allocate the transaction price between the product and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration. The two primary estimates utilized to record the deferred revenue for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated amount of points that will never be redeemed, which is a concept known in the retail industry as "breakage." Additionally, we sell gift cards to our customers in our retail stores, through our website and through selected third parties. At the point of sale, a liability is established for the value of the gift card. We recognize revenue from gift cards when the card is redeemed by the customer and recognize estimated breakage on gift cards in proportion to historical redemption patterns.
 The two primary estimates utilized to record the balance sheet liability for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated redemption rate and the estimated weighted-average retail price per point redeemed. We use historical redemption rates experienced under our loyalty program as a basis for estimating the ultimate redemption rate of points earned. We estimate breakage of loyalty points and unredeemed gift cards based on historical redemption rates. The

 weighted-average retail price per point redeemed is based on our most recent actual loyalty point redemptions and is adjusted as appropriate for recent changes in redemption values, including the mix of rewards redeemed. Our estimate of the amount and timing of gift card redemptions is based primarily on historical transaction experience.
 We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in redemption patterns, retail price per point redeemed and other factors. Changes in the ultimate redemption rate and weighted-average retail price per point redeemed have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the deferred revenue balance through current period revenue by an amount estimated to cover the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period. A 10% change in our customer loyalty program redemption rate or a 10% change in our weighted-average retail value per point redeemed at February 1, 2025, in each case, would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.4 million in fiscal 2024. A 10% change in our gift card breakage rate at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $9.5 million in fiscal 2024. A 10% change in our reservation breakage at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.3 million in fiscal 2024.
 Income Taxes
 We account for income taxes utilizing an asset and liability approach, and deferred taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effect of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. As a result of our operations in many foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate.
 The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"), supported by 140 of their member countries, have agreed to implement a minimum 15% tax rate on certain multinational enterprises and have released model guidance. This global minimum tax, known as the Pillar Two framework, became effective across various countries in 2024, as each country works to enact legislation influenced by the OECD Pillar Two rules. In 2024, the Company had no impact on its effective tax rate after the adoption of the Pillar Two framework. The Company will continue to evaluate additional guidance released by the OECD, along with the pending and adopted legislation in each of the countries in which we operate.
 Additionally, a valuation allowance is recorded against a deferred tax asset if it is not more likely than not that the asset will be realized. We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. Several factors are considered in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the remaining years available for carry forward, the tax laws for the applicable jurisdictions, the future profitability of the specific business units, and tax planning strategies. Based on our analysis, we have determined that it is more likely than not that some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our valuation allowances decreased by $63.9 million to $291.3 million as of February 1, 2025, primarily because it is was determined that it is more likely than not that some of the existing gross and/or net deferred tax assets will be recognized. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, "Income Taxes," for additional information.
 We maintain accruals for uncertain tax positions until examination of the tax year is completed by the taxing authority, available review periods expire, or additional facts and circumstances cause us to change our assessment of the appropriate accrual amount. Our liability for uncertain tax positions was $7.5 million as of February 1, 2025. Considerable management judgment is necessary to assess the inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of complex tax laws, regulations and taxing authority rulings, as well as to the expiration of statutes of limitations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our operations and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. We file our tax returns based on our understanding of the appropriate tax rules and regulations. However, complexities in the tax rules and our operations, as well as positions taken publicly by the taxing authorities, may lead us to conclude that accruals for uncertain tax positions are required.
 Our judgments and estimates concerning uncertain tax positions may change as a result of evaluation of new information, such as the outcome of tax audits or changes to or further interpretations of tax laws and regulations. Our judgments and estimates concerning realizability of deferred tax assets could change if any of the evaluation factors change. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our effective tax rate could increase or decrease in any period, impacting our net earnings.

 RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND PRONOUNCEMENTS
 See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 3, "New Accounting Pronouncements," for recent accounting standards and pronouncements.

 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 We are exposed to market risk due to foreign currency fluctuations, described more fully below.
 Foreign Currency Risk
 We use forward exchange contracts to manage currency risk primarily related to intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. The forward exchange contracts are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the re-measurement of related intercompany loans. We recognized a gain of $0.9 million and a gain of $2.0 million in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to derivative instruments for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the forward exchange contracts as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024 was a net liability of zero, respectively, as measured by observable inputs obtained from market news reporting services, such as Bloomberg, and industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices, time value, volatility factors, and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. As of February 1, 2025, we do not have any outstanding derivatives or contracts, and we do not have foreign exchange risk exposures due to foreign exchange derivatives or contracts.
 We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative financial instruments and cash equivalent investments. We manage counterparty risk according to the guidelines and controls established under comprehensive risk management and investment policies. We continuously monitor our counterparty credit risk and utilize a number of different counterparties to minimize our exposure to potential defaults. We do not require collateral under derivative or investment agreements.

 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 Page

 GameStop Corp. Consolidated Financial Statements:

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)

 Consolidated Financial Statements:

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Income) Loss

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:

 1. General Information

 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 3. New Accounting Pronouncements

 4. Revenue

 5. Segment Information

 6. Associates' Defined Contribution Plan

 7. Earnings Per Share

 8. Property and Equipment.

 9. Leases

 1 0. Intangible Assets

 1 1. Fair Value Measurements

 1 2. Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

 1 3. Debt

 1 4. Income Taxes

 1 5. Commitments and Contingencies

 1 6. Class A Common Stock and Share-Based Compensation

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of GameStop Corp.
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GameStop Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2025, the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2024 and the 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2025, the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2024, and the 52 weeks ended and January 28, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 25, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 Basis for Opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matter
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
 Valuation of Merchandise Inventories - Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements.
 Critical Audit Matter Description
 The Company carries merchandise inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. The Company is required to make adjustments to inventory to reflect potential obsolescence or over-valuation as a result of cost exceeding market. In valuing inventory, the Company considers quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections, returns to vendors and other factors. The Company's ability to assess these factors is dependent upon their ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment.

 We identified the reserve for merchandise inventory in certain geographies as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions management uses to estimate potential obsolescence. The estimates and assumptions used by management include consideration of quantities on hand, recent sales prices, and key customer

 demand product metrics, such as inventory turnover and product margins. Evaluation of this estimate required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when (1) performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the estimates and assumptions used by management, and (2) performing audit testing of the key inputs to the related calculations, to evaluate whether the reserve for merchandise inventory in certain geographies was appropriately recorded as of February 1, 2025.
 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
 Our audit procedures related to the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete merchandise inventory reserve in certain geographies included the following, among others:
 • We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the controls over the valuation of inventories.
 • We evaluated the appropriateness and consistency of management's methods and assumptions used in developing their estimate of the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete inventory reserve, which included consideration of reserve trends and performance of sensitivity analyses of key assumptions.
 • We performed analysis of key product metrics, such as inventory turnover and product margins, to identify and evaluate slow moving inventory categories, negative margins, or other trends.
 • We performed testing on the underlying data used in management's obsolescence analysis by validating the application of management's key assumptions to the overall determination of the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete inventory reserve.

 /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

 Dallas, Texas
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 (in millions, except par value per share)

 February 1,
2025
 February 3,
2024

 ASSETS

 Current assets:

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 4,756.9
 $
 921.7

 Marketable securities
 18.0
 277.6

 Receivables, net of allowance of $ 4.7 and $ 4.4, respectively

 60.9
 91.0

 Merchandise inventories, net
 480.2
 632.5

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 39.0
 51.4

 Total current assets
 5,355.0
 1,974.2

 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $ 684.2 and $ 851.2, respectively

 68.2
 94.9

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 374.1
 555.8

 Deferred income taxes
 18.1
 17.3

 Other noncurrent assets
 60.0
 66.8

 Total assets
 $
 5,875.4
 $
 2,709.0

 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Current liabilities:

 Accounts payable
 $
 148.6
 $
 324.0

 Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities
 362.2
 412.0

 Current portion of operating lease liabilities
 144.3
 187.7

 Current portion of long-term debt
 10.3
 10.8

 Total current liabilities
 665.4
 934.5

 Long-term debt
 6.6
 17.7

 Operating lease liabilities
 249.5
 386.6

 Other long-term liabilities
 24.1
 31.6

 Total liabilities
 945.6
 1,370.4

 Stockholders' equity:

 Class A Common Stock — $.001 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; 447.0 and 305.7 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

 0.2
 0.1

 Additional paid-in capital
 5,105.1
 1,634.9

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 ( 94.0)
 ( 83.6)

 Retained loss
 ( 81.5)
 ( 212.8)

 Total stockholders' equity
 4,929.8
 1,338.6

 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 $
 5,875.4
 $
 2,709.0

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 (in millions, except per share data)

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 $
 $
 5,927.2

 2,709.1
 3,978.6
 4,555.1

 Gross profit
 1,113.9
 1,294.2
 1,372.1

 Selling, general, and administrative expenses
 1,130.4
 1,323.9
 1,681.0

 9.7
 4.8
 2.7

 Operating loss
 ( 26.2)
 ( 34.5)
 ( 311.6)

 Interest income, net

 ( 163.4)
 ( 49.5)
 ( 9.5)

 Other expense, net
 —
 1.9
 —

 Income (loss) before income taxes
 137.2
 13.1
 ( 302.1)

 Income tax expense

 5.9
 6.4
 11.0

 Net income (loss)
 $
 131.3
 $
 6.7
 $

 Net income (loss) per share:

 Basic
 $
 0.33
 $
 0.02
 $
 ( 1.03)

 Diluted
 0.33
 0.02
 ( 1.03)

 Weighted-average shares outstanding:

 Basic
 394.1
 305.1
 304.2

 Diluted
 394.7
 305.2
 304.2

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 (in millions)

 Fiscal Year Ended

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Net income (loss)
 $
 131.3
 $
 6.7
 $

 Other comprehensive income (loss):

 Foreign currency translation adjustments
 ( 8.3)
 ( 11.6)

 Reclassification of foreign currency gain included in net income
 ( 1.0)
 —

 Net change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
 —

 Reclassification of realized loss on available-for-sale securities included in net income
 —
 1.0
 —

 Unrealized gain on marketable securities
 0.2
 —
 —

 Total comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 120.9
 $
 ( 5.0)
 $
 ( 316.3)

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 (in millions)

 Fiscal Year Ended

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 Net income (loss)
 $
 131.3
 $
 6.7
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization
 38.9
 56.2
 61.7

 Stock-based compensation expense, net
 16.4
 22.2
 40.1

 Gain on sale of digital assets
 —
 —
 ( 7.2)

 Digital asset impairments
 —
 —
 34.0

 9.7
 4.8
 2.7

 Deferred income taxes
 ( 1.8)
 ( 2.6)

 (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment, net

 ( 7.1)
 1.5
 2.5

 Other, net
 1.2
 0.8
 1.2

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 Receivables, net
 28.9
 65.0
 ( 16.8)

 Merchandise inventories, net
 94.5
 39.9
 229.6

 Prepaid expenses and other assets
 4.9
 10.4
 ( 25.2)

 Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable
 3.7
 ( 2.4)
 172.4

 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 ( 179.5)
 ( 397.7)
 ( 66.2)

 Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
 1.6
 ( 8.1)
 ( 4.9)

 Changes in other long-term liabilities
 3.0
 ( 2.9)
 —

 Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities

 145.7
 ( 203.7)
 108.2

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Capital expenditures
 ( 16.1)
 ( 34.9)
 ( 55.9)

 Purchases of marketable securities
 ( 61.4)
 ( 326.8)
 ( 276.8)

 Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities
 316.8
 312.6
 27.5

 Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
 15.3
 13.1
 —

 Proceeds from sale of a business unit

 7.0
 —
 —

 Proceeds from sale of digital assets
 —
 2.8
 81.9

 Other
 3.5
 —
 0.6

 Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
 265.1
 ( 33.2)
 ( 222.7)

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Proceeds from the issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offerings, net of costs

 3,453.8
 —
 —

 Repayments of French term loans
 ( 10.8)
 ( 10.7)
 ( 3.9)

 Settlement of stock-based awards
 —
 ( 4.0)

 Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
 3,443.0
 ( 11.6)
 ( 7.9)

 Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 ( 2.9)
 ( 8.6)
 ( 1.5)

 Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 3,850.9
 ( 257.1)
 ( 123.9)

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
 938.9
 1,196.0
 1,319.9

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
 $
 4,789.8
 $
 938.9
 $
 1,196.0

 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

 Cash received for interest income
 $
 162.9
 $
 47.9
 $
 8.2

 Cash paid for interest
 ( 1.2)
 ( 3.2)
 ( 2.6)

 Cash received for interest, net
 $
 161.7
 $
 44.7
 $
 5.6

 Cash paid for income taxes
 $
 ( 6.2)
 $
 ( 11.2)
 $
 ( 13.5)

 Cash tax refunds received
 4.4
 3.0
 176.0

 Cash (paid) refunded for income taxes, net

 $
 ( 1.8)
 $
 ( 8.2)
 $
 162.5

 Cash paid for operating leases
 $
 ( 254.0)
 $
 ( 270.6)
 $
 ( 257.7)

 Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
 65.8
 263.7
 242.8

 Non-cash investing and financing activities:

 Accruals related to purchases of property and equipment
 $
 0.2
 $
 0.3
 $
 1.1

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 (in millions, except for per share data)

 Class A
Common Stock
 Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 Retained
Earnings (Loss)
 Total
Stockholders' Equity

 Shares
 Amount

 Balance at January 29, 2022
 303.6
 $
 0.1
 $
 1,577.5
 $
 ( 68.7)
 $
 93.6
 $
 1,602.5

 Net loss
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Foreign currency translation
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Stock-based compensation expense
 —
 —
 40.1
 —
 —
 40.1

 Settlement of stock-based awards
 1.0
 —
 ( 4.0)
 —
 —
 ( 4.0)

 Net change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Balance at January 28, 2023
 304.6
 0.1
 1,613.6
 ( 71.9)
 ( 219.5)
 1,322.3

 —
 —
 —
 —
 6.7
 6.7

 Foreign currency translation
 —
 —
 —
 ( 11.6)
 —
 ( 11.6)

 Reclassification of foreign currency gain included in net income
 —
 —
 —
 ( 1.0)
 —
 ( 1.0)

 Stock-based compensation expense, net
 —
 —
 22.2
 —
 —
 22.2

 Settlement of stock-based awards
 1.1
 —
 —
 —

 Net change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Reclassification of realized loss on available-for-sale securities included in net loss
 —
 —
 —
 1.0
 —
 1.0

 Balance at February 3, 2024
 305.7
 0.1
 1,634.9
 ( 83.6)
 ( 212.8)
 1,338.6

 —
 —
 —
 —
 131.3
 131.3

 Foreign currency translation
 —
 —
 —
 ( 8.3)
 —
 ( 8.3)

 Reclassification of foreign currency reallocated to net income
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Stock-based compensation expense, net
 —
 —
 16.4
 —
 —
 16.4

 Issuance of Class A Common Stock, net of cost
 140.8
 0.1
 3,453.8
 —
 —
 3,453.9

 Settlement of stock-based awards
 0.5
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Unrealized gain on marketable securities
 —
 —
 —
 0.2
 —
 0.2

 Balance at February 1, 2025
 447.0
 $
 0.2
 $
 5,105.1
 $
 ( 94.0)
 $
 ( 81.5)
 $
 4,929.8

 1. General Information
 The Company
 GameStop Corp. ("GameStop," "we," "us," "our" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation established in 1996, is a leading specialty retailer offering games and entertainment products through its thousands of stores and ecommerce platforms.
 We operate our business in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. The information contained in these consolidated financial statements refers to continuing operations unless otherwise noted. See Note 5, "Segment Information," for additional information.
 Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
 Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2024 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2025 ("fiscal 2024"). Fiscal year 2023 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2024 ("fiscal 2023"). Fiscal year 2022 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on January 28, 2023 ("fiscal 2022").
 At-the-Market Equity Offering Program
 On May 17, 2024, we entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM with Jefferies LLC (the "Sales Agent") providing for the sale by the Company of shares of our Class A Common Stock, par value $.001 per share ("Common Shares"), from time to time through the Sales Agent in connection with an "at-the-market" equity offering program ("ATM Offerings").
 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on May 17, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 45.0 million Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $ 933.4 million.
 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on June 7, 2024, we sold an additional aggregate of 75.0 million Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $ 2,137.0 million.
 Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on September 10, 2024, we sold an additional aggregate of 20.0 million Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $ 400.0 million.
 Use of Estimates
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used by us could have a significant impact on our financial results. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
 Our cash and cash equivalents on our Consolidated Balance Sheets are carried at fair value and consist primarily of cash, money market funds, cash deposits with commercial banks, and highly rated direct short-term instruments with an original maturity of 90 days or less. Restricted cash consists primarily of bank deposits that collateralize our obligations to vendors and landlords.

 The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in our Consolidated Balance Sheets to total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 4,756.9
 $
 921.7

 Restricted cash(1)

 3.3
 3.5

 Long-term restricted cash(2)

 29.6
 13.7

 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 $
 4,789.8
 $
 938.9

 _________________________________________________
 (1) Recognized in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (2) Recognized in other noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Investments
 We have invested some of our excess cash in investment grade short-term fixed income securities, which consist of U.S. government and agency securities and time deposits. Such investments with an original maturity in excess of 90 days and less than one year are classified as marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company classifies these investments as available-for-sale debt securities and records them at fair value.
 Unrealized holding gains and losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses upon sale or extinguishment are reported in other expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Each reporting period, we evaluate whether declines in fair value below carrying value are due to expected credit losses, as well as our ability and intent to hold the investment until a forecasted recovery occurs.
 On March 18, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") unanimously authorized a revised investment policy (the "Investment Policy"). In accordance with the revised Investment Policy, the Board has delegated authority to manage the Company's portfolio of securities investments to an Investment Committee of the Board (the "Investment Committee") consisting of the Company's Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Ryan Cohen, and two independent members of the Board, together with such personnel and advisors as the Investment Committee may choose.
 Merchandise Inventories
 Our merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. Pre-owned gaming systems and other products traded in by customers are recorded as inventory at the amount of cash or store credit given to the customer. We are required to make adjustments to inventory to reflect potential obsolescence or over-valuation as a result of cost exceeding market. In valuing inventory, we consider quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections, returns to vendors and other factors. Our ability to assess these factors is dependent upon our ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment. Inventory is adjusted based on anticipated physical inventory losses or shrinkage and actual losses resulting from periodic physical inventory counts. Inventory reserves as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024 were $ 24.5 million and $ 38.8 million, respectively.
 Property and Equipment
 Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation on fixtures and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while improvements and major remodeling costs are capitalized. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases, which includes reasonably certain renewal options. Costs incurred in purchasing or developing management information systems are capitalized and included in fixtures and equipment. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives from the date the technology becomes operational. We periodically review our property and equipment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amounts may not be recoverable or its depreciation or amortization periods should be accelerated. We assess recoverability based on several factors, including our intention with respect to our stores and those stores' projected undiscounted cash flows. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value, determined based on an estimate of discounted future cash flows or readily available market information for similar assets.

 During fiscal 2024 we closed our York, Pennsylvania distribution facility, to consolidate U.S. fulfillment activities to our Grapevine, Texas facility.
 During fiscal 2024 we divested our operations in Italy, which included our facility in Milan, Italy.
 During fiscal 2024 we relocated our U.S. refurbishment operations into our distribution and administration facility in Grapevine Texas. Previously these refurbishment operations were performed in a separate facility also located in Grapevine Texas.
 Assets Held for Sale
 We consider assets to be held for sale when management, with appropriate authority, approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the assets for sale at a price reasonable in relation to their estimated fair value, the assets are available for immediate sale in their present condition, an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated, the sale of the assets is probable and expected to be completed within one year, and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan. Upon designation as held for sale, we record the assets at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value, reduced for the cost to dispose the assets.
 During fiscal 2024, we sold certain properties in our Europe segment consisting of buildings, land, and other property and equipment. During fiscal 2024 we also divested our operations in Italy. There were no remaining assets held for sale as of February 1, 2025.
 Intangible Assets
 Indefinite-lived intangible assets are expected to contribute to cash flows indefinitely and, therefore, are not subject to amortization but are required to be evaluated at least annually for impairment. If the carrying value of an individual indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, such individual indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired by the amount of the excess. We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or when circumstances indicate the carrying value might be impaired. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of digital assets and trade names.
 Trade Names
 The fair value of our trade names are estimated by using a relief-from-royalty approach, which assumes the value of the trade name is the discounted cash flows of the amount that would be paid by a hypothetical market participant had they not owned the trade name and instead licensed the trade name from another company. We recognized no impairment charges during fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. See Note 10, "Intangible Assets" for additional information.
 Definite-lived Intangible Assets
 Our definite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of leasehold rights. The estimated useful life and amortization methodology of intangible assets are determined based on the period in which they are expected to contribute directly to cash flows. Intangible assets that are determined to have a definite life are amortized over the life of the asset.
 Revenue Recognition
 We recognize revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring goods or services to the customer in an amount that we expect to collect in exchange for those goods or services. The satisfaction of a performance obligation with a single customer may occur at a point in time or may occur over time. The significant majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time, generally when a customer purchases and takes possession of merchandise through our stores or when merchandise purchased through our ecommerce platforms is delivered to a customer.
 Revenue is recognized net of sales discounts, sales returns, and estimated sales return reserves. Our sales return policy is generally limited to 15 days or less and as such our sales returns are, and historically have been, immaterial. Revenues do not include sales taxes or other taxes collected from customers.
 We have arrangements with customers where our performance obligations are satisfied over time, which primarily relate to extended warranties and our GameStop Pro rewards program, formerly known as Power Up Rewards.
 Subscription revenues for our GameStop Pro rewards program are recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. Revenues for extended warranties sold are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.

 Contract liabilities and other deferred revenues associated with gift cards, extended warranties, customer credits, and subscriptions to our GameStop Pro rewards program are included in accrued liabilities and other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 We also sell a variety of digital products which generally allow consumers to download software or play games on the internet. The significant majority of the digital products we sell are unbundled and do not require us to purchase inventory or take physical possession of, or take title to, inventory. When purchasing these products from us, consumers pay a retail price and we earn a commission based on a percentage of the retail sale as negotiated with the digital product publisher. We recognize the sale of these digital products on a net basis, whereby the commissions earned are recorded as revenue.
 Rewards Program
 Our GameStop Pro rewards program allows paid members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts or coupons. When rewards program members purchase our product, we allocate the transaction price between the product and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration.
 The two primary estimates utilized to record the deferred revenue for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased through the redemption of loyalty points. We estimate breakage of loyalty points based on historical redemption rates. We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in retail price per point redeemed, redemption patterns and other factors. Changes in the retail price per point and redemption rates have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the deferred revenue liability through current period revenue by an amount estimated to represent the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period. The cost of administering the loyalty program, including program administration fees, program communications and cost of loyalty cards, is recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 Contract Liabilities
 We establish a liability upon the issuance of merchandise credits and the sale of gift cards. Revenue is subsequently recognized when the credits and gift cards are redeemed. In addition, we recognize breakage in revenue upon redemption and in proportion to historical redemption patterns, regardless of the age of the unused gift cards and merchandise credit liabilities. To the extent that future redemption patterns differ from those historically experienced, there will be variations in the recorded breakage.
 Vendor Arrangements
 We participate in vendor cooperative advertising programs and other vendor marketing programs in which vendors provide us with cash consideration in exchange for marketing and advertising the vendors' products. Our accounting for cooperative advertising arrangements and other vendor marketing programs results in a significant portion of the consideration received from our vendors reducing the product costs in inventory rather than as an offset to our marketing and advertising costs. The consideration serving as a reduction in inventory is recognized in cost of sales as inventory is sold. The amount of vendor allowances to be recorded as a reduction of inventory is determined based on the nature of the consideration received and the merchandise inventory to which the consideration relates. We apply a sell-through rate to determine the timing in which the consideration should be recognized in cost of sales. Consideration received that relates to gaming products that have not yet been released to the public is deferred as a reduction of inventory.
 The cooperative advertising programs and other vendor marketing programs generally cover a period from a few days up to a few weeks and include items such as product catalog advertising, in-store display promotions, internet advertising, co-op print advertising and other programs. The allowance for each event is negotiated with the vendor and requires specific performance by us to be earned. Vendor allowances of $ 65.4 million, $ 63.9 million and $ 70.3 million were recorded as a reduction of cost of sales for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 Cost of Sales and Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses Classification
 The classification of cost of sales and SG&A expenses varies across the retail industry. We include certain purchasing, receiving and distribution costs in SG&A in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We include processing fees associated with purchases made by credit cards and other payment methods in cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 Advertising Expenses
 We expense advertising costs for television, print, digital advertising, and other media when the advertising takes place. Advertising expenses for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 totaled $ 18.6 million, $ 39.3 million and $ 75.0 million, respectively.

 Income Taxes
 Income tax expense includes federal, state, local and international income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for utilizing an asset and liability approach and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In accordance with GAAP, we maintain liabilities for uncertain tax positions until examination of the tax year is completed by the applicable taxing authority, available review periods expire or additional facts and circumstances cause us to change our assessment of the appropriate accrual amount. See Note 1 4, "Income Taxes," for additional information.
 We do not assert indefinite reinvestment on the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. Income tax and/or withholding tax associated with any amounts available for distribution as of February 1, 2025 is not expected to be material to our financial statements.
 Leases
 We conduct the substantial majority of our business with leased real estate properties, including retail stores, warehouse facilities and office space. We also lease certain equipment and vehicles. These are generally leased under non-cancelable agreements and include various renewal options for additional periods. These agreements generally provide for minimum, and in some cases, percentage rentals, and require us to pay insurance, taxes and other maintenance costs. Percentage rentals are based on sales performance in excess of specified minimums at various stores and are accounted for in the period in which the amount of percentage rentals can be accurately estimated. All of our lease agreements are classified as operating leases.
 We determine if an arrangement is considered a lease at inception. We recognize right-of-use ("ROU") assets, on the commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term, including reasonably certain renewal options. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for most leases, we utilize our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") to determine the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a significant judgment that is based on an analysis of our credit rating, country risk, corporate bond yields and the effect of collateralization. For our real estate leases, we do not separate the components of a contract, thus our future payments include minimum rent payments and fixed executory costs. For our non-real estate leases, future payments include only fixed minimum rent payments. We record the amortization of our ROU assets and the accretion of our lease liabilities as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which includes option terms we are reasonably certain to exercise. We recognize our cash or lease incentives as a reduction to the ROU asset. We assess ROU assets for impairment in accordance with our long-lived asset impairment policy, which is performed periodically or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
 Foreign Currency
 Generally, we have determined that the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the subsidiaries' local currencies. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rate as of the end of the balance sheet date and revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at an average rate over the period. Currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss. Currency translation adjustments related to divested foreign businesses are reclassified into earnings as a component of SG&A in our Consolidated Statements of Operations once the liquidation of the respective foreign businesses is substantially complete.
 Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in nonfunctional currencies and derivatives resulted in a net loss of $ 0.9 million, $ 2.0 million, and $ 2.6 million, for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These costs were recognized in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 We have historically used forward exchange contracts to manage currency risk primarily related to foreign-currency denominated intercompany assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the re-measurement of related intercompany loans. See Note 11, "Fair Value Measurements," for additional information regarding our forward exchange contracts.

 3. New Accounting Pronouncements
 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
 In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." This standard requires disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items by reportable segment. We adopted ASU 2023-07 during fiscal 2024. See Note 5, "Segment Information," to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets." This standard provides accounting and disclosure guidance for crypto assets that meet the definition of an intangible asset and certain other criteria. In-scope assets are subsequently measured at fair value with changes recorded in the income statement. The standard requires separate presentation of (1) in-scope crypto assets from other intangible assets and (2) changes in the fair value of those crypto assets. Disclosure of significant crypto asset holdings and an annual reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of crypto assets are also required. This ASU becomes effective for annual periods beginning in 2025, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate a material impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.
 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." This standard enhances disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is assessing the impact of this ASU and upon adoption expects to include certain additional disclosures in the footnotes to its consolidated financial statements.
 In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses". The guidance includes amendments to require public companies to provide additional disclosure about certain costs and expenses. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date." This update revises the effective date of ASU 2024-03 to clarify that the guidance is to be adopted by all public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The intent of this update is to prevent non-calendar-year-end entities from concluding that the initial adoption is required to be in an interim reporting period, rather than an annual reporting period.

 4. Revenue
 The following table presents net sales by significant product category:

 Fiscal

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Hardware and accessories (1)

 $
 2,099.7
 $
 2,996.8
 $
 3,140.0

 Software (2)

 1,005.4
 1,522.0
 1,822.6

 Collectibles
 717.9
 754.0
 964.6

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 5,927.2

 (1) Includes sales of new and pre-owned hardware, accessories, hardware bundles in which hardware and digital or physical software are sold together in a single SKU, interactive game figures, strategy guides, mobile and consumer electronics.
 (2) Includes sales of new and pre-owned gaming software, digital software and PC entertainment software.
 See Note 5, "Segment Information," for net sales by geographic location.

 Performance Obligations
 We have arrangements with customers where our performance obligations are satisfied over time, which primarily relate to extended warranties and our GameStop Pro rewards program, formerly known as Power Up Rewards.
 We expect to recognize revenue in future periods for remaining performance obligations we have associated with unredeemed gift cards, trade-in credits, reservation deposits and loyalty points earned as part of our GameStop Pro rewards program (collectively, "unredeemed customer liabilities"), extended warranties, and subscriptions to our GameStop Pro rewards program.
 Performance obligations associated with unredeemed customer liabilities are primarily satisfied at the time customers redeem gift cards, trade-in credits, customer deposits or loyalty program points for products that we offer. Unredeemed customer liabilities are generally redeemed within one year of issuance.
 We offer extended warranties on certain new and pre-owned products with terms generally ranging from 12 to 24 months, depending on the product. Revenues for extended warranties sold are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.
 Revenues for subscriptions to our GameStop Pro rewards program are recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month subscription term.
 The following table presents our performance obligations recognized in accrued liabilities and other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets:
 Fiscal

 2024
 2023

 Unredeemed customer liabilities
 $
 123.9
 $
 149.5

 Extended warranties
 54.1
 74.8

 Subscriptions
 50.9
 49.8

 Total performance obligations
 $
 228.9
 $
 274.1

 Significant Judgments and Estimates
 We accrue loyalty points related to our GameStop Pro rewards program at the estimated retail price per point, net of estimated breakage, which can be redeemed by loyalty program members for products we offer. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of products purchased through the redemption of loyalty points. We estimate breakage of loyalty points and unredeemed gift cards based on historical redemption rates.
 Contract Balances
 Our contract liabilities primarily consist of unredeemed customer liabilities and deferred revenues associated with gift cards, extended warranties and subscriptions to our GameStop Pro rewards program.
 The following table presents a roll forward of our contract liabilities:

 Fiscal

 2024
 2023

 Contract liability beginning balance
 $
 274.1
 $
 338.2

 Increase to contract liabilities (1)

 689.8
 798.7

 Decrease to contract liabilities (2)

 ( 732.9)
 ( 860.6)

 Other adjustments (3)

 ( 2.1)
 ( 2.2)

 Contract liability ending balance
 $
 228.9
 $
 274.1

 __________________________________________
 (1) Includes issuances of gift cards, trade-in credits and loyalty points, new reservation deposits, new subscriptions to our GameStop Pro rewards program and extended warranties sold.
 (2) Consists of redemptions and breakage of gift cards and trade-in credits, redemptions and breakage of reservation deposits, and expirations of loyalty points. Additionally, this includes revenues recognized for our GameStop Pro rewards program and extended warranties. During fiscal 2024, there were $ 44.5 million of gift cards redeemed that were outstanding as of February 3, 2024. During fiscal 2023, there were $ 35.4 million of gift cards redeemed that were outstanding as of January 28, 2023.
 (3) Primarily includes foreign currency translation adjustments.

 5. Segment Information
 We operate our business in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe.
 We identified segments based on a combination of geographic areas and management responsibility. Segment results for the United States include retail operations in 50 states; our ecommerce website www.gamestop.com; and our GameStop Pro loyalty program. The United States segment also includes general and administrative expenses related to our corporate offices in Grapevine, Texas. Segment results for Canada include retail and ecommerce operations in Canada. Segment results for Australia include retail and ecommerce operations in Australia and New Zealand. Segment results for Europe include retail and ecommerce operations in France, Italy, and Germany. During fiscal 2024, we divested our operations in Italy and ended store operations in Germany. Our segment results for Europe previously also included retail operations in Austria, Switzerland and Ireland.
 Our chief operating decision makers ("CODM") are the Chief Executive Officer and the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, who have responsibility for allocating resources and assessing performance for the operating segments. Our CODM measures segment profit using operating income (loss), which is defined as net income (loss) from operations before net interest (income) expense and income taxes.
 Transactions between our reportable segments consist primarily of royalties, management fees, intersegment loans and related interest. There were no material intersegment sales during fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. Information on total assets by segment is not disclosed as such information is not used by our CODM to evaluate segment performance or to allocate resources and capital.
 The following tables present segment information:

 United
States
 Total

 As of and for the Fiscal Year Ended February 1, 2025

 $
 2,575.7
 $
 204.3
 $
 404.9
 $
 638.1
 $

 1,803.2
 152.6
 277.6
 475.7
 2,709.1

 Gross Profit
 772.5
 51.7
 127.3
 162.4
 1,113.9

 Selling, general and administrative expenses:
 737.2
 61.7
 139.2
 192.3
 1,130.4

 Store related
 631.5
 51.5
 122.4
 162.8
 968.2

 Other
 105.7
 10.2
 16.8
 29.5
 162.2

 1.4
 —
 —
 8.3
 9.7

 Operating income (loss)
 33.9
 ( 10.0)
 ( 11.9)
 ( 38.2)
 ( 26.2)

 Interest income

 ( 163.4)

 Income before income taxes

 137.2

 Income tax expense

 5.9

 131.3

 Property and equipment, net
 39.4
 1.3
 16.3
 11.2
 68.2

 Capital expenditures
 10.1
 1.0
 3.2
 1.8
 16.1

 United
States
 Total

 As of and for the Fiscal Year Ended February 3, 2024

 $
 3,429.4
 $
 292.5
 $
 522.5
 $
 1,028.4
 $

 2,590.5
 226.6
 372.9
 788.6
 3,978.6

 Gross Profit
 838.9
 65.9
 149.6
 239.8
 1,294.2

 Selling, general and administrative expenses:
 838.2
 74.3
 152.9
 258.5
 1,323.9

 Store related
 708.4
 61.8
 135.2
 222.0
 1,127.4

 Other
 129.8
 12.5
 17.7
 36.5
 196.5

 3.0
 —
 0.2
 1.6
 4.8

 Operating loss

 ( 8.4)
 ( 3.5)
 ( 20.3)
 ( 34.5)

 Interest income

 ( 49.5)

 Other expense, net

 1.9

 Income before income taxes

 13.1

 Income tax expense

 6.4

 6.7

 Property and equipment, net
 56.8
 1.7
 19.8
 16.6
 94.9

 Capital expenditures
 21.5
 0.2
 7.8
 5.4
 34.9

 United
States
 Total

 As of and for the Fiscal Year Ended January 28, 2023

 4,093.0
 344.1
 588.7
 901.4
 $
 5,927.2

 3,228.5
 268.9
 402.9
 654.8
 4,555.1

 Gross Profit
 864.5
 75.2
 185.8
 246.6
 1,372.1

 Selling, general and administrative expenses:
 1,150.8
 83.8
 172.0
 274.4
 1,681.0

 Store related
 845.3
 68.0
 148.9
 210.6
 1,272.8

 Other
 305.5
 15.8
 23.1
 63.9
 408.3

 —
 —
 —
 2.7
 2.7

 Operating (loss) income

 ( 286.3)
 ( 8.6)
 13.8
 ( 30.5)
 $
 ( 311.6)

 Interest income

 ( 9.5)

 Loss before income taxes

 ( 302.1)

 Income tax expense

 11.0

 Net loss

 Property and equipment, net
 83.3
 3.7
 20.9
 28.6
 $
 136.5

 Capital expenditures
 37.6
 —
 12.7
 5.6
 $
 55.9

 6. Associates' Defined Contribution Plan
 We sponsor a defined contribution plan (the "Savings Plan") for the benefit of substantially all of our U.S. associates who meet certain eligibility requirements, primarily age and length of service. The Savings Plan allows associates to invest up to 60 %, subject to IRS limitations, of their eligible gross cash compensation on a pre-tax basis. Historically, the Company provided matching contributions to the Savings Plan based upon a certain percentage of the associates' contributions. Our contributions to the Savings Plan during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, were $ — million, $ 3.6 million and $ 3.9 million, respectively. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company eliminated employer matching contributions for employees.

 7. Earnings Per Share
 Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to Class A Common Stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities include unvested restricted stock and unvested restricted stock units outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share if their effect would be antidilutive. A net loss from continuing operations causes all potentially dilutive securities to be antidilutive.
 The following is a reconciliation of shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Weighted-average common shares outstanding
 394.1
 305.1
 304.2

 Dilutive effect of restricted stock units and restricted stock
 0.6
 0.1
 —

 Weighted-average diluted common shares
 394.7
 305.2
 304.2

 Anti-dilutive shares:

 Restricted stock units
 0.7
 2.7
 5.9

 Restricted stock
 —
 —
 0.3

 8. Property and Equipment
 The following table presents property and equipment, net:

 Estimated Useful Lives (Years)

 Buildings and leasehold improvements
 1 - 10

 304.2
 384.1

 Fixtures and equipment
 3 - 10

 264.3
 332.1

 Software and hardware
 178.5
 224.5

 Construction-in-progress
 5.4
 5.4

 Total property and equipment
 752.4
 946.1

 Accumulated depreciation
 ( 684.2)
 ( 851.2)

 Property and equipment, net
 $
 68.2
 $
 94.9

 Our total depreciation expense was $ 38.4 million, $ 55.3 million and $ 60.3 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During fiscal 2024 we closed our York, Pennsylvania distribution facility, to consolidate U.S. fulfillment activities to our Grapevine, Texas facility.
 During fiscal 2024 we divested our operations in Italy, which included our facility in Milan, Italy.
 During fiscal 2024 we relocated our U.S. refurbishment operations into our distribution and administration facility in Grapevine Texas. Previously these refurbishment operations were performed in a separate facility also located in Grapevine Texas.

 9. Leases
 The following table presents rent expenses under operating leases:

 Fiscal

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating lease cost
 $
 264.1
 $
 284.0
 $
 278.3

 Variable lease cost (1)

 58.1
 57.5
 64.3

 Total rent expense
 $
 322.2
 $
 341.5
 $
 342.6

 __________________________________________
 (1) Variable lease cost includes percentage rentals and variable executory costs.
 In fiscal 2024, we recognized $ 0.7 million of store-level ROU asset impairment charges compared to $ 2.7 million and $ 0.1 million of store-level ROU asset impairment charges in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 The following table presents the weighted-average remaining lease term, which includes reasonably certain renewal options, and the weighted-average discount rate for operating leases included in the measurement of our lease liabilities:

 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) (1)

 3.7
 4.1

 Weighted-average discount rate (2)

 6.7
 %
 6.1
 %

 (1) The weighted-average remaining lease term is weighted based on the lease liability balance for each lease as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024.
 (2) The weighted-average discount rate weights the IBR determined for each lease based on each lease's respective liability balance as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024.
 The following table presents expected lease payments associated with our operating lease liabilities, excluding percentage rentals, for the next five fiscal years:
 Period
 Operating Leases(1)

 Fiscal 2025
 $
 155.4

 Fiscal 2026
 110.3

 Fiscal 2027
 78.3

 Fiscal 2028
 48.2

 Fiscal 2029
 23.7

 Thereafter
 31.3

 Total remaining lease payments
 447.2

 Less: Interest
 ( 53.4)

 Present value of lease liabilities(2)

 $
 393.8

 __________________________________________
 (1) Operating lease payments exclude legally binding lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
 (2) The present value of lease liabilities consist of $ 144.3 million classified as current portion of operating lease liabilities and $ 249.5 million classified as long-term operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 10. Intangible Assets
 The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets:

 Gross Carrying Amount
 Accumulated Amortization
 Net Carrying Amount
 Gross Carrying Amount
 Accumulated Amortization
 Net Carrying Amount

 Intangible assets with indefinite lives:

 Trade name
 5.1
 —
 5.1
 5.1
 —
 5.1

 Intangible assets with finite lives:

 Leasehold rights
 61.4
 ( 60.7)
 0.7
 67.3
 ( 65.9)
 1.4

 Other
 21.3
 ( 21.3)
 —
 21.3
 ( 21.3)
 —

 Total
 $
 87.8
 $
 ( 82.0)
 $
 5.8
 $
 93.7
 $
 ( 87.2)
 $
 6.5

 Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
 Digital Assets
 In January 2022, we entered into contractual agreements with Immutable X Pty Limited ("IMX") and Digital Worlds NFTs Ltd. pursuant to which the Company was entitled to receive up to $ 150 million in digital assets in the form of IMX tokens once certain contractual milestones had been achieved. Upon announcement, we achieved our first milestone under the agreement with IMX and recognized a $ 79.0 million noncurrent receivable and corresponding deferred income liability related to our entitlement to IMX tokens as of January 29, 2022. During fiscal 2022, we achieved our second and third milestones under our agreement with IMX, and recognized an additional $ 33.8 million of deferred income liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deferred income was recognized over the term of the contractual agreement. We liquidated all tokens received under our agreements with IMX in fiscal 2022 and have no IMX token assets recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 1, 2025.
 During fiscal 2022, we recognized a loss of $ 7.2 million on the noncurrent receivable, impairment of $ 33.7 million on the digital assets, gain of $ 6.9 million on the sale of digital assets, and deferred income of $ 56.0 million in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. During fiscal 2023, we recognized previously deferred income of $ 57.2 million in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of February 1, 2025, there was no remaining deferred income liability related to our agreements with IMX.
 During 2022, we also launched beta versions of a non-custodial digital asset wallet and a peer-to-peer non-fungible token ("NFT") marketplace that enabled the purchase, sale, and trade of NFTs. Revenues earned related to our NFT digital asset wallet and marketplace are recognized in net sales in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Revenues earned from our digital asset wallet and NFT marketplace were not material to the consolidated financial statements in fiscal 2023 and 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2023 we began the process of winding down our digital asset wallet and NFT marketplace, and wind-down was completed in 2024.
 Trade Name
 Our trade name relates to SFMI Micromania SAS ("Micromania"), our retail operations business in France, which we acquired in 2008. There were no impairment charges recognized during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2021 related to our trade name.
 Finite-lived Intangible Assets
 Leasehold rights, the majority of which were recorded as a result of the purchase of Micromania in 2008, represent the value of rights of tenancy under commercial property leases for properties located in France. Rights pertaining to individual leases can be sold by us to a new tenant or recovered by us from the landlord if the exercise of the automatic right of renewal is refused. Leasehold rights are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term, not to exceed 20 years, with no residual value.
 Other intangible assets include design portfolio interests. The design portfolio reflects the collection of product designs and ideas that were created by Geeknet and recorded as a result of the Geeknet acquisition, which have been fully amortized as of February 1, 2025.

 As of February 1, 2025, the total weighted-average amortization period for our finite-lived intangible assets was approximately 7 years. The intangible assets are being amortized based upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are being utilized, with no expected residual value.
 Intangible asset amortization expense during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0.5 million, $ 0.9 million and $ 1.4 million, respectively. The following table presents the estimated aggregate intangible asset amortization expense for the next five fiscal years:

 Period
 Projected Amortization Expense

 Fiscal 2025
 $
 0.3

 Fiscal 2026
 0.3

 Fiscal 2027
 0.1

 Fiscal 2028
 —

 Fiscal 2029
 —

 11. Fair Value Measurements
 Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Applicable accounting standards require disclosures that categorize assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three different levels depending on the observability of the inputs employed in the measurement. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the following three levels:
 • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 • Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market-corroborated inputs.
 • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability reflecting our assumptions about pricing by market participants.
 Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include our cash equivalents, marketable securities, foreign currency contracts, company-owned life insurance policies with a cash surrender value, and certain nonqualified deferred compensation liabilities.
 We measure the fair value of cash equivalents and certain marketable securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Other marketable securities were valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
 Our investments in U.S. government treasury notes and bills are classified as available-for-sale debt securities, are reported at fair value on a recurring basis, and utilize Level 1 inputs for measurement. Our investments in time deposits are reported at fair value and utilize Level 1 inputs for measurement.
 We measure the fair value of our foreign currency contracts, life insurance policies with cash surrender values and certain nonqualified deferred compensation liabilities based on Level 2 inputs using quotations provided by major market news services, such as Bloomberg, and industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices, time value, volatility factors, contractual prices for the underlying instruments and other relevant economic measures, all of which are observable in active markets. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted to reflect credit considerations, generally based on available market evidence.

 The following tables presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 Adjusted Cost
 Unrealized Gains
 Unrealized Losses
 Fair Value

 Assets

 Level 1:

 Time deposits(2)

 18.0
 —
 —
 $
 18.0

 Level 2:

 Company-owned life insurance(3)

 0.1
 —
 —
 0.1

 Total assets
 $
 18.1
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 18.1

 Liabilities

 Level 2:

 Nonqualified deferred compensation(4)

 0.1
 —
 —
 0.1

 Total liabilities
 $
 0.1
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 0.1

 Adjusted Cost
 Unrealized Gains
 Unrealized Losses
 Fair Value

 Assets

 Level 1:

 U.S. government securities(1)

 $
 265.3
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 265.3

 Time deposits(2)

 14.9
 —
 —
 $
 14.9

 Level 2:

 Company-owned life insurance(3)

 0.5
 —
 —
 0.5

 Total assets
 $
 280.7
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 280.7

 Liabilities

 Level 2:

 Foreign currency contracts(4)

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Nonqualified deferred compensation(4)

 0.4
 —
 —
 0.4

 Total liabilities
 $
 0.4
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 0.4

 ___________________
 (1) Recognized in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (2) Recognized in marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (3) Recognized in other noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (4) Recognized in accrued liabilities and other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
 Assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis relate primarily to property and equipment, operating lease ROU assets and other intangible assets, including digital assets, which are remeasured when the estimated fair value is below its carrying value. When we determine that impairment has occurred, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to its fair value. Fair value of digital assets held are based on Level 1 inputs, as described above, and impairment losses for digital assets cannot be recovered for any subsequent increase in fair value until the sale or disposal of the asset.
 The fair value estimates of trade name intangibles and store-level property and equipment are based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) developed using company-specific information. These assets were valued using variations of the discounted cash flow method, which require assumptions associated with, among others, projected sales and cost estimates, capital expenditures, royalty rates, discount rates, terminal values and remaining useful lives.
 The carrying values of our cash, restricted cash, net receivables, accounts payable and current portion of debt approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities.

 As of February 1, 2025, our government-subsidized low interest French term loans due October 2022 through October 2026 ("French Term Loans") had a carrying value of $ 16.9 million and a fair value of $ 16.4 million. The fair values of our French Term Loans were estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments at interest rates available to us at the end of the period for similar debt of the same maturity, which is a Level 2 input as defined by the fair value hierarchy.

 12. Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
 The following table presents our accrued and other current liabilities:

 Customer-related liabilities
 $
 126.9
 $
 155.0

 Deferred revenue
 109.0
 128.6

 Employee benefits, compensation and related taxes
 51.4
 54.6

 Income and other taxes payable
 25.2
 24.8

 Other accrued liabilities
 49.7
 49.0

 Total accrued and other current liabilities
 $
 362.2
 $
 412.0

 13. Debt
 French Term Loans
 During fiscal 2021, our French subsidiary, Micromania SAS, entered into six separate unsecured term loans for a total of 40.0 million. In the second quarter of 2021, at the request of Micromania SAS, these term loans were extended for five years, with an amortization plan for the principal starting in October 2022. In connection with the extension, the interest rate increased from zero to 0.7 % for three of the term loans totaling 20.0 million, and 1 % for the remaining three term loans totaling 20.0 million. The French government has guaranteed 90 % of the term loans pursuant to a state guaranteed loan program instituted in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.
 As of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, there was $ 16.9 million and $ 28.5 million of outstanding debt, respectively, which represents the French Term Loans described above. Total outstanding debt includes $ 10.3 million and $ 10.8 million of short-term debt as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively, which represents the current portion of the French Term Loans.
 Each of Micromania SAS's term loans, as described above, restrict the ability of Micromania SAS to make distributions and loans to its affiliates, and include various events that would result in the automatic acceleration of the loans thereunder, including failure to pay any principal or interest when due, acceleration of other indebtedness, a change of control and certain bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership events.
 The following table presents the future principal payments for French term loans:

 Period
 Annual Maturities

 Fiscal 2025
 10.3

 Fiscal 2026
 6.6

 Total
 $
 16.9

 Credit Facilities
 We maintain uncommitted letter of credit facilities with certain banks that provide for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees, at times supported by cash collateral.
 On August 27, 2024, we voluntarily terminated our $ 250 million revolving credit facility, which would have matured in November 2026, including all commitments and obligations thereunder. In connection with the termination, we cancelled all letter of credit issued thereunder and replaced them with letters of credit issued under our uncommitted letter of credit facilities supported by cash collateral.

 14. Income Taxes
 The following table presents the provision for income taxes from continuing operations:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Current tax expense (benefit):

 Federal
 $
 1.9
 $
 ( 0.7)
 $
 ( 2.1)

 State
 3.6
 1.2
 4.0

 Foreign
 2.2
 6.0
 11.7

 7.7
 6.5
 13.6

 Deferred tax (benefit) expense:

 Federal
 —
 —
 —

 State
 —
 —
 —

 Foreign
 ( 1.8)
 ( 2.6)

 ( 1.8)
 ( 2.6)

 Total income tax expense

 $
 5.9
 $
 6.4
 $
 11.0

 The following table presents the components of income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 United States
 $
 194.2
 $
 48.6
 $
 ( 272.7)

 International
 ( 57.0)
 ( 35.5)
 ( 29.4)

 Total
 $
 137.2
 $
 13.1
 $
 ( 302.1)

 The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations computed at the U.S. Federal statutory tax rate to income tax (benefit) expense reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Federal statutory tax rate
 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %

 State income taxes, net of federal effect
 5.6
 151.5
 2.3

 Foreign income tax rate differential
 ( 6.4)
 ( 35.0)
 0.2

 Change in valuation allowance
 ( 28.3)
 ( 133.4)
 ( 27.2)

 Change in unrecognized tax benefits
 0.9
 ( 20.2)
 ( 0.4)

 Withholding tax expense
 1.7
 5.0
 ( 0.3)

 Stock-based compensation
 30.5
 ( 0.2)

 Incremental benefit of net operating loss carryback
 —
 —
 1.1

 Other (including permanent differences)(1)
 9.9
 29.5

 4.3
 %
 48.9
 %
 ( 3.6)
 %

 __________________
 (1) Other is comprised of numerous items, none of which is individually or in the aggregate greater than 5 % of income tax expense calculated at the statutory rate.

 Differences between financial accounting principles and tax laws cause differences between the bases of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and tax purposes. The tax effects of these differences, to the extent they are temporary, are recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities which are presented in the table below.

 Deferred tax asset:

 Inventory
 $
 7.7
 $
 13.6

 Deferred rents
 0.9
 0.7

 Property and equipment
 1.2
 —

 Operating lease liabilities
 87.5
 140.8

 Stock-based compensation
 2.2
 4.5

 Net operating losses and other loss carryforwards
 227.7
 273.7

 Customer liabilities
 25.0
 21.7

 Credits
 4.2
 7.7

 Accrued compensation
 3.5
 3.1

 Intangible assets
 1.9
 0.7

 Goodwill
 0.3
 0.5

 Other
 29.5
 33.9

 Total deferred tax assets (1)
 391.6
 500.9

 Valuation allowance
 ( 291.3)
 ( 355.2)

 Total deferred tax assets, net
 100.3
 145.7

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Prepaid expenses
 ( 0.2)
 ( 0.3)

 Property and equipment
 —
 ( 1.0)

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 ( 82.0)
 ( 127.1)

 Total deferred tax liabilities
 ( 82.2)
 ( 128.4)

 Net deferred tax assets
 $
 18.1
 $
 17.3

 The above amounts are reflected in the consolidated financial statements as:

 Deferred income taxes - assets
 $
 18.1
 $
 17.3

 Deferred income taxes - liabilities
 $
 —
 $
 —

 During fiscal 2024, we decreased our valuation allowances by $ 63.9 million in various jurisdictions where it was determined that it was more likely than not that some of the existing gross and/or net deferred tax assets will be recognized, primarily due to income being generated in jurisdictions with cumulative losses. As of February 1, 2025, we maintain full valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets in all jurisdictions except for Australia. We will continue to assess the realizability of our gross and net deferred tax assets in all tax jurisdictions in which we do business in future periods.
 With respect to state and local jurisdictions and countries outside of the United States, we and our subsidiaries are typically subject to examination for 3 to 6 years after the income tax returns have been filed. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, we believe that adequate amounts of tax, interest and penalties have been provided for in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for any adjustments that might be incurred due to state, local or foreign audits.

 As of February 1, 2025, we have approximately $ 465.5 million of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, of which $ 416.0 million have no expiration date and $ 29.4 million, acquired through the ThinkGeek acquisition, will expire in years 2031 through 2035. We also have $ 324.3 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, of which $ 275.7 million will expire in years 2025 to 2044, $ 39.1 million have no expiration date, and $ 9.4 million, acquired through the ThinkGeek acquisition, will expire in years 2028 through 2035. Section 382 under the Internal Revenue Code imposes limits on the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized where there has been an ownership change. The federal and state net operating loss carryovers acquired through the ThinkGeek acquisition experienced an ownership change on July 17, 2015, and we have determined that these net operating loss carryforwards will be subject to future limitation.
 We have approximately $ 3.6 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards that expire in years 2024 through 2027.
 We have approximately $ 26.1 million of net operating loss carryforwards in Canada that expire in years 2043 through 2045, as well as $ 370.4 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards in various jurisdictions that have no expiration date.
 As of February 1, 2025, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $ 7.5 million. If we were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, the net effect would be a benefit to our effective tax rate of approximately $ 7.5 million, exclusive of any benefits related to interest and penalties.
 The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in the gross balances of unrecognized tax benefits:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits
 $
 6.8
 $
 9.5
 $
 9.1

 Increases related to current period tax positions
 0.8
 0.6
 0.1

 Increases related to prior period tax positions
 0.1
 0.8
 1.6

 Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
 ( 0.2)
 ( 1.1)
 ( 1.3)

 Reductions as a result of settlements with taxing authorities
 —
 ( 3.0)
 —

 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits
 $
 7.5
 $
 6.8
 $
 9.5

 We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of February 1, 2025, February 3, 2024, and January 28, 2023, we had approximately $ 2.2 million, $ 1.6 million and $ 3.7 million, respectively, in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit accrued, of which approximately $ 0.6 million of expense, $ 2.1 million of benefit and $ 0.1 million of benefit were recognized through income tax expense in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. If we were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, the reversal of these accruals related to interest and penalties would also be a benefit to our effective tax rate.
 It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of our unrecognized tax positions could significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months as a result of settling ongoing audits. However, as audit outcomes and the timing of audit resolutions are subject to significant uncertainty and given the nature and complexity of the issues involved, we are unable to reasonably estimate the possible amount of change in the unrecognized tax benefits, if any, that may occur within the next 12 months as a result of ongoing examinations. Nevertheless, we believe we are adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions as of February 1, 2025.
 We do not assert indefinite reinvestment on the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. Income tax and/or withholding tax associated with any amounts available for distribution as of February 1, 2025 is not expected to be material to our financial statements.
 The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"), supported by 140 of their member countries, have agreed to implement a minimum 15% tax rate on certain multinational enterprises and have released model guidance. This global minimum tax, known as the Pillar Two framework, became effective across various countries in 2024, as each country works to enact legislation influenced by the OECD Pillar Two rules. In 2024, the Company had no impact on its effective tax rate after the adoption of the Pillar Two framework. The Company will continue to evaluate additional guidance released by the OECD, along with the pending and adopted legislation in each of the countries in which we operate.

 15. Commitments and Contingencies
 Commitments
 As of February 1, 2025, we had approximately $ 7.3 million of outstanding Stand-By Letters of Credit and other bank guarantees supported by cash collateral that are included in restricted cash.
 As of February 1, 2025, we have purchase obligations of $ 136.4 million with payment dates through fiscal 2025 that represent outstanding purchase orders for merchandise from vendors. These purchase orders are generally cancellable until shipment of the products.
 See Note 10, "Leases," for information regarding commitments related to our non-cancelable operating leases.
 Legal Proceedings
 In the ordinary course of business, we are, from time to time, subject to various legal proceedings, including matters involving wage and hour employee class actions, stockholder actions, consumer class actions, violent acts, and other conflicts. We may enter into discussions regarding settlement of these and other types of lawsuits, and may enter into settlement agreements, if we believe settlement is in the best interest of our stockholders. We do not believe that any such existing legal proceedings or settlements, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

 16. Class A Common Stock and Share-Based Compensation
 Class A Common Stock
 The holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. Holders of Class A Common Stock will share in any dividend declared by our Board of Directors. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, all holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in any assets available for distribution to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock.
 During fiscal 2024, we sold an aggregate of 140,000,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock under three at-the-market equity offering programs (the "ATM Transactions"). We generated $ 3,470.1 million in aggregate gross proceeds from sales under the ATM Transactions. All associated commissions and administrative fees were recognized in additional paid-in capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 Share-Based Compensation
 In June 2022, we adopted the GameStop Corp. 2022 Incentive Plan (the "2022 Plan"), which provides for the grant of equity awards to our officers, associates, consultants, advisors and directors, and which replaced the GameStop Corp. 2019 Incentive Plan (the "2019 Incentive Plan") and the Amended and Restated GameStop Corp. 2011 Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan"). Awards under the 2022 Plan may take the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards and other share-based awards, or any combination of the foregoing. The 2022 Plan allows for 32,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, plus any shares subject to 2019 Plan awards that expire, are forfeited, canceled or terminated after the adoption of the 2019 Plan. No awards were granted under the 2019 or 2011 Plan after the adoption of the 2022 Plan.
 Restricted Stock Units
 Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") represent a right to receive one share or the value of one share upon the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable plan and award agreement. We grant RSUs to certain of our associates, officers and non-associate directors. We used the stock price on the grant date to estimate the fair value of our RSUs. The grant date fair value of RSUs is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. RSUs granted in fiscal 2024 are not dividend eligible.
 Restricted Stock Award
 The fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis between the grant date and the date the RSAs become fully vested. We have granted RSAs to certain associates, officers and non-associate directors. We estimate the fair value of RSAs on the grant date based on the quoted market price of our Class A Common Stock.

 RSAs granted by us are considered to be legally issued and outstanding as of the date of grant, notwithstanding that the shares remain subject to risk of forfeiture if the vesting conditions for such shares are not met and are included in the number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding disclosed on the cover page of this annual report on Form 10-K as of March 19, 2025. The total number of shares presented on our consolidated financial statements represents shares of our Class A Common Stock that are legally issued and outstanding. There are no remaining nonvested shares of RSAs as of February 1, 2025.
 Time-based RSAs and RSUs generally vest in installments, subject to continued service with us, and subject further to accelerated vesting in the case of retirement eligibility and certain termination events.
 The following table presents a summary of our RSAs activity:

 Time-Based Restricted Stock Awards

 Shares
 Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 Nonvested shares at February 3, 2024
 3,388
 $
 28.84

 Granted
 —
 $
 —

 Vested
 ( 2,076)
 $
 31.00

 Forfeited
 ( 1,312)
 $
 25.44

 Nonvested shares at February 1, 2025
 —
 $
 —

 The following table presents a summary of our RSUs activity:

 Time-Based Restricted Stock Units

 Shares
 Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 Nonvested shares at February 3, 2024
 4,046,807
 $
 25.86

 Granted
 1,926,225
 23.56

 Vested
 ( 1,318,789)
 25.34

 Forfeited
 ( 2,485,781)
 25.49

 Nonvested shares at February 1, 2025
 2,168,462
 $
 22.56

 In fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were 2.2 million, 4.1 million and 6.2 million, respectively, of RSAs and RSUs.
 In fiscal 2021, we granted 742,972 shares of time-based RSAs with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $ 29.42. There were no grants of time-based RSAs in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. In fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, we granted 1,926,225, 2,425,236, and 5,536,250 shares, respectively, of time-based RSUs, with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $ 23.56, $ 17.27, and $ 31.43, respectively.
 During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, we included compensation expense inclusive of forfeitures relating to the grants of RSAs and RSUs in the amounts of $ 16.4 million, $ 22.2 million and $ 40.1 million, respectively, in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 As of February 1, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested time-based RSAs expected to be recognized. As of February 1, 2025, there was $ 39.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested time-based RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
 There was no income tax expense, inclusive of excess tax deficiencies and valuation allowances, associated with stock-based compensation for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022. The total fair value of RSAs and RSUs vested, as of their respective vesting dates, was $ 33.4 million, $ 43.2 million and $ 12.7 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act has been appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and are effective in ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.

 Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.
 A company's internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with duly documented authorizations of management and directors of the Company, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 Due to inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of February 1, 2025, based on the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, known as "COSO". Based on such evaluation, the Company's management concluded that as of February 1, 2025, the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective at a reasonable assurance level.
 Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2025. Deloitte & Touche LLP's opinion, as stated in their report which appears on the following page, is consistent with management's report on internal control over financial reporting as set forth above.
 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to material affect our internal control over financial reporting.

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of GameStop Corp.
 Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of GameStop Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 1, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the 52 weeks period ended February 1, 2025, of the Company and our report dated March 25, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
 Dallas, Texas
 March 25, 2024

 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
 Security Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
 None of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company's fiscal quarter ended February 3, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) or Regulation S-K.
 Board Update
 On March 18, 2025, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board determined to not nominate Ms. Yang Xu for re-election at the Company's upcoming 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in order to permit Ms. Xu to focus on her other business ventures. Such determination was not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company's operations, policies or practices. The Company thanks Ms. Xu for her dedicated service on the Board since 2021.
 Performance Awards
 On September 5, 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved performance awards pursuant to the GameStop Corp. 2022 Incentive Plan for Mark Robinson, our General Counsel and Secretary, and Daniel Moore, our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, for fiscal years 2024 and 2025. Such performance awards (i) will consist of restricted shares, (ii) have intended grant values equal to $500,000 for each fiscal year, (iii) are subject to vesting based on the achievement of $50 million in operating profit (excluding royalties) for the Company's United States geographic segment for each such fiscal year and each officer's continued employment, and (iv) will be granted, to the extent such performance criteria is satisfied for the applicable fiscal year, on April 1 of the following year, and will vest in equal quarterly parts on the grant date and the following July 1, October 1 and January 1. The performance criteria was not achieved for fiscal year 2024.
 Update to Pledging Policy
 On March 18, 2025, the Company updated its pledging policy. Pursuant to the updated policy, executive officers and directors of the Company are permitted to pledge their Company securities (exclusive of options, warrants, restricted stock units or other rights to purchase Company securities) as collateral for a loan or an investment, provided that the maximum aggregate loan or investment amount collateralized by such pledged securities does not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the total value of the pledged securities (as measured at the time of the initial loan or investment). In order to safeguard the integrity and effectiveness of the Company's pledging policy, such pledging is subject to certain limitations, including requiring that such permitted pledges are treated as "transactions" under the Company's Insider Trading Policy, that the pledgor adhere to certain ongoing reporting obligations and that the Audit Committee of the Board evaluate risks posed by pledge arrangements on an annual or as-needed basis.
 Update on Certain Benefits and Perquisites
 In accordance with the independently-assessed executive security program established by our Board, the Company provides Mr. Cohen with executive security services. The aggregate incremental costs to the Company of providing these services was $268,553 for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025. We believe these arrangements and costs are reasonable, appropriate, necessary and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, as they enable Mr. Cohen to carry out his responsibilities and, therefore, mitigate risks to our business. While we do not consider these security services to be a personal benefit for or compensation paid to Mr. Cohen because they arise from, and are necessary for the carrying out of, his employment responsibilities, this amount will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in the "All Other Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table to be included therein.

 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
 Not applicable

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE*
 Code of Ethics
 We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial and Executive Officers that is applicable to our Chief Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, any Senior Vice President or Vice President employed in a finance or accounting role and any managing director or finance director of all our foreign subsidiaries. We have also adopted a Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct applicable to all of our associates. Each of the Code of Ethics and Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct are available on our website at www.gamestop.com.
 In accordance with SEC rules, we intend to disclose any amendment (other than any technical, administrative, or other non-substantive amendment) to either of the above Codes, or any waiver of any provision thereof with respect to any of the executive officers listed in the paragraph above, on our website (www.gamestop.com) within four business days following such amendment or waiver.

 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION*

 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS*

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE*

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES*
 * The information not otherwise provided herein that is required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or around June 12, 2025 which is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. This definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Form 10-K by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. A copy of our insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Form 10-K.

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

 (a)The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-K
 (1) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
 Our consolidated financial statements, together with the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

 (2) Financial Statement Schedules required to be filed by Item 8 of this Form 10-K:
 The following financial statement schedule for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2025, 53 weeks ended February 3, 2024 and the 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023 is filed as part of this Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable.
 Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 For fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022:

 Balance at
Beginning
of Period
 Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
 Charged
 to Other
 Accounts-
 Accounts
 Payable (1)

 Deductions-
Write-Offs
Net of
Recoveries
 Balance at
End of
Period

 (In millions)

 Inventory Reserve

 $
 38.8
 $
 41.6
 $
 ( 18.0)
 $
 ( 37.9)
 $
 24.5

 46.7
 81.3
 —
 $
 ( 89.2)
 38.8

 Fiscal 2022

 34.6
 37.0
 10.7
 ( 35.6)
 46.7

 Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets

 $
 355.2
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 ( 63.9)
 $
 291.3

 408.5
 —
 —
 ( 53.3)
 355.2

 Fiscal 2022

 338.3
 70.2
 —
 —
 408.5

 ___________________
 (1) Consists primarily of amounts received from vendors for defective allowances.

 (b) Exhibits
 EXHIBIT INDEX

 Exhibit
 Description
 Previously Filed as an Exhibit to and
Incorporated by Reference From
 Date Filed

 3.1
 Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended August 3, 2013
 September 11, 2013

 3.2
 Certificate of Amendment of the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

 June 3, 2022

 3.3
 Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws

 March 6, 2017

 4.1
 Description of Securities

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2020
 March 27, 2020

 10.1
 Open Market Sale Agreement SM, dated December 8,2020, by and between GameStop Corp. and Jefferies LLC

 December 8, 2020

 10.2
 Open Market Sale Agreement SM, dated May 17, 2024, by and between GameStop Corp, and Jefferies LLC

 May 17, 2024

 Exhibit
 Description
 Previously Filed as an Exhibit to and
Incorporated by Reference From
 Date Filed

 10.3*

 GameStop Corp. 2022 Incentive Plan

 June 3, 2022

 10.4*

 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees (2022 Plan)

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023
 March 28, 2023

 10.5*

 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Board of Directors (2022 Plan)

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023
 March 28, 2023

 10.6*

 GameStop Corp 2019 Incentive Plan

 Definitive Proxy Statement for 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
 May 14, 2019

 10.7*

 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (2019 Plan)

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022
 March 17, 2022

 10.8*

 Separation Agreement and Mutual Release of Claims, dated April 4, 2024 between the Company and Nir Patel

 April 4, 2024

 10.9*

 Letter Agreement between Mark H. Robinson and GameStop Corp. executed June 7, 2023

 June 7, 2023

 10.10*

 Letter Agreement between Daniel Moore and GameStop Corp., executed April 11, 2024

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended May 4, 2024

 June 11, 2024

 19.1
 GameStop Corp. Insider Trading Policy

 21.1
 Subsidiaries

 23.1
 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP

 31.1
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 31.2
 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 32.1
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 Furnished herewith.

 32.2
 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 Furnished herewith.

 97.1
 GameStop Corp. Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024

 March 26, 2024

 101.INS

 101.SCH

 101.CAL

 101.DEF

 Exhibit
 Description
 Previously Filed as an Exhibit to and
Incorporated by Reference From
 Date Filed

 101.LAB

 ___________________
 * This exhibit is a management or compensatory contract.
 Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in compliance with Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.

 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
 None.

 SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 By:
 /s/ DANIEL MOORE

 Daniel Moore

 Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

 Date: March 25, 2025
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 Name
 Capacity

 Date

 /s/ RYAN COHEN
 President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

 Ryan Cohen
 (Principal Executive Officer)

 /s/ DANIEL MOORE
 Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

 Daniel Moore
 (Principal Financial Officer)

 /s/ ALAN ATTAL

 Alan Attal

 /s/ LARRY CHENG

 Larry Cheng

 /s/ JIM GRUBE

 Jim Grube

 /s/ NAT TURNER

 Nat Turner

 /s/ YANG XU

 Yang Xu