UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K
 (Mark One)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended September 27, 2025

 OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from _________ to _________

 Commission file number 1-05129
 MOOG Inc.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 New York
 16-0757636

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 400 Jamison Road
 East Aurora,
 New York
 14052-0018

 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 (Zip Code)

 ( 716) 652-2000
 Registrant's telephone number, including area code

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Class A common stock
 MOG.A
 New York Stock Exchange

 Class B common stock
 MOG.B
 New York Stock Exchange

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No
 The aggregate market value of the common stock outstanding and held by non-affiliates (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933) of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on March 28, 2025, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $ 5,360 million.
 The number of shares outstanding of each class of common stock as of November 19, 2025 was:
 Class A common stock, 28,428,416 shares
 Class B common stock, 3,248,420 shares

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 Portions of Moog Inc.'s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates (the "2025 Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 FORM 10-K INDEX

 Item 1

 Business

 Item 1A

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2

 Properties

 Item 3

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6

 Reserved

 Item 7

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B

 Other Information

 Item 9C

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16

 Form 10-K Summary

 The Registrant, Moog Inc., a New York corporation formed in 1951, is referred to in this report as "Moog" or the "Company" or in the nominative "we" or the possessive "our."
 Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, all references to years in this report are to fiscal years.

 Item 1.

 Business.

 Description of the Business. Moog is a worldwide designer, manufacturer and systems integrator of high performance precision motion and fluid controls and control systems for a broad range of applications in aerospace and defense and industrial markets. We have four operating segments: Space and Defense, Military Aircraft, Commercial Aircraft and Industrial.
 Additional information describing the business and comparative segment revenues, operating profits and related financial information for 2025, 2024 and 2023 are provided in Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Distribution. Our sales and marketing organization consists of individuals possessing highly specialized technical expertise. This expertise is required in order to effectively evaluate a customer's precision control requirements and to facilitate communication between the customer and our engineering staff. Our sales staff is the primary contact with customers. Manufacturers' representatives are used to cover certain domestic aerospace markets. Distributors are used selectively to cover certain industrial and medical markets.
 Industry and Competitive Conditions. We experience considerable competition in our aerospace and defense and industrial markets across tier one and tier two suppliers as well as vertically integrated primes. We believe that the principal points of competition in our markets are product quality, reliability, price, design and engineering capabilities, product development, conformity to customer specifications, timeliness of delivery, effectiveness of the distribution organization and quality of support after the sale. We believe we compete effectively on all of these bases. Competitors to our Military and Commercial Aircraft segments specialize in precision flight control and control systems manufacturing. Competitors to our space market specialize in thrust vector controls and spacecraft engines, mechanisms, avionics and structure systems and components. Competitors in our defense market produce turreted weapons, missile steering actuation and power and data transfer systems and components. Competitors to our Industrial segment include other industrial precision controls and medical device manufacturers.
 Backlog. Our twelve-month backlog represents confirmed orders we believe will be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months. Our twelve-month backlog as of September 27, 2025 was $3.0 billion, an increase of 20% compared to September 28, 2024. See Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report for a discussion on the various business drivers and conditions contributing to the twelve-month backlog change.
 Raw Materials. Materials, supplies and components are purchased from numerous suppliers. We believe the loss of any one supplier, although potentially disruptive in the short-term, would not materially affect our operations in the long-term.
 Working Capital. See the discussion on operating cycle in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Seasonality. Our business is generally not seasonal; however, certain products and systems, such as those in the energy market of our Industrial segment, do experience seasonal variations in sales levels.
 Patents. We maintain a patent portfolio of issued or pending patents and patent applications worldwide that generally includes the United States ("U.S."), Europe, China, Japan and India. The portfolio includes patents that relate to electrohydraulic, electromechanical, electronics, hydraulics, components and methods of operation and manufacture as related to motion control and actuation systems. The portfolio also includes patents related to wind turbines, robotics, vibration control and medical devices. We do not consider any one or more of these patents or patent applications to be material in relation to our business as a whole. The patent portfolio related to certain medical devices is significant to our position in this market as several of these products work exclusively together, and provide us future revenue opportunities.
 Research Activities. Internal research and development activity has been, and continues to be, significant for us. Research and development expense was $94 million and represented approximately 2.4% of sales in 2025.

 Human Capital Resources. Moog possesses a unique culture that fuels our business success. Our more than 13,500 employees in over 20 countries work closely together, driven by a shared sense of purpose and a desire to do the right thing. We value our ground-breaking, challenging work and what we stand for. We value the skill and commitment of our talented workforce above all else. Whether it's enabling a Mars Rover to land safely or helping to support breakthrough advances in healthcare, together, we solve our customers' most difficult challenges.
 Although we are a successful, global business, our employees feel like they are amongst friends and are comfortable being themselves. We empower them to find innovative ways of accomplishing things, and the scale of our business means that careers can develop in exciting and unexpected directions. For prospective employees looking for inspiring and meaningful work in a warm, respectful, family-like environment, Moog will feel like home.
 In order to ensure we live our values and our culture stays unique and strong, our Board of Directors and executive team put significant focus on our human capital resources. These are some of the key aspects of Moog's human capital strategy:
 Employee Recruitment
 Moog actively seeks to attract the best talent from a diverse range of sources and industries in order to meet the current and future demands of our business. We have established relationships with trade schools, world-class universities, professional associations and industry groups to proactively attract talent. In 2025, we hired over 1,400 new employees and rehired over 70 employees throughout the world.
 Compensation and Benefits
 Moog works to maintain compensation, benefits and rewards programs that enable us to attract, retain, motivate and reward employees for their contributions to company performance. Our compensation and rewards programs are linked closely to our values of We Are All In This Together, We Try Harder, Competence Is King and Performance And Commitment Should Be Rewarded.
 Moog is committed to providing comprehensive benefit options that reflect the differing priorities and needs of our sites globally, governed by an intent to offer plans that will allow our employees and their families to live healthier and more secure lives.
 In addition to traditional employee benefits, Moog has a number of innovative initiatives to support the well-being of our employee base, including onsite wellness clinics and pharmacies at a number of locations, online tools that assist employees with their physical, financial and mental health, special events with outside vendors and participants focusing on employee well-being and much more.
 Health and Safety
 Maintaining a safe and healthy work environment is a key priority and a responsibility for all of our employees. At Moog, we embrace a continuous improvement approach with regard to our global Environment, Health & Safety ("EHS") culture. All Moog businesses strive to operate in a responsible manner that demonstrates our commitment to the health and safety of our employees, customers, suppliers, communities and the environment. Our commitment will not be compromised. We expect our employees, visitors and service providers to follow our EHS standards and practices. We regularly conduct training for all of our employees and work hard to learn lessons from every incident. Additionally, we measure and review our EHS results continuously in each location.
 Employee Engagement and Retention
 Moog is deeply committed to continuously evolving into an even better place to work. We're built on a strong foundation of mutual trust and the premise that we must engage with employees at different levels to empower our people, enable progress and align efforts.
 Moog employs a variety of mechanisms to collect and respond to feedback from our employees. We conduct a regular employee engagement survey. We also leverage focus groups and listening sessions to solicit feedback. In response to employee feedback, Moog offers a variety of flexible working arrangements, including remote work and hybrid working schedules. This allows our employees to collaborate and innovate in a successful way.
 We see our positive employee engagement coming through in high levels of employee retention. For the last five years, the average of voluntary attrition has been approximately 7% of our workforce. That is a competitive attrition figure and a testament to Moog being a great place to work.

 Leadership Development and Training
 At Moog, we believe that the best leaders are the ones who come from within. These leaders learn with us, grow with us and reach their potential through challenging on-the-job and deliberate learning experiences we provide. Moog's leadership development strategy focuses on the growth of its leaders at the various stages of leadership. At the foundation is our Moog Values, Moog Leadership Qualities and our Business Strategy.
 Moog has carefully designed the global, enterprise-wide leadership development programs to improve the effectiveness of our leaders. Our Moog Leadership Program is an 18-month program designed to expand, develop, support and engage senior executive leadership talent. Our Emerging Leadership Program is a nine-month program designed to accelerate the development of senior leadership talent in order to help meet the demand for important leadership roles throughout our Company. Our LEAD program supports mid-level, high performing leaders excel and accelerate their careers through focused skill development in line with our key leadership qualities. In addition to these cohort-based programs and to establish the foundations of leadership across Moog, we have our Leading and Coaching People program. This is a two-day course open to all leaders that provides the foundational framework for engaging, empowering, and coaching employees for optimal performance.
 In addition to our leadership development programs, Moog has many other valuable development resources available for employees in order to ensure our people have everything they need to succeed both personally and professionally. These resources include a Global Mentoring Program, Moog Gigs, access to an on-demand learning library and a suite of resources to support development of our Moog Leadership Qualities. Moog facilitates training opportunities and development programs through state-of-the-art learning and talent management systems. Our employees are encouraged to take responsibility for their own development and create learning plans that fit their needs and development goals best.
 Succession Planning
 Each year, Moog conducts an extensive talent review across our global enterprise that includes, among other important topics, a review of succession plans for many of our roles. To ensure the long-term continuity of our business, we actively manage the development of talent to fill the roles that are most critical to our on-going success of our Company.
 Sustainability
 Our values, rooted in trust, integrity and collaboration, lay the foundation for Moog's commitment to grow as a sustainable corporation. As a developer of advanced motion control products, we believe in momentum and our shared responsibility to protect people and the planet now and for generations to come. Our commitment to sustainability includes:
 • Protecting our planet by minimizing our environmental impact.
 • Strengthening our communities by contributing our time, talent, and resources.
 • Engaging in ethical practices across all operations.
 We are committed to a more inclusive, equitable world which is reflected in our corporate culture, work environment, supply chain and community support around the globe.

 We're all in this together. Moog and its employees live this mantra with countless initiatives focused on supporting our sustainability strategy and communities. Some recent examples in 2024 of Moog's "responsibility in action" include:
 • Sustainability Reporting: See our Sustainability Report and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) disclosure at Moog Sustainability. The content of the Sustainability Report and the Company's website are not, and should not, be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K or otherwise filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
 • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory: We compiled our first global inventory of greenhouse gas emissions starting with 2022 baseline and developed a global Data Collection Procedure and an Inventory Management Plan. We have set an ambition to reduce our combined Scope 1 and 2 emissions in company operations by 40% from our 2022 baseline by 2030, supported by a strategy and governance control. Baselines for water consumption and hazardous waste produced from 2022 data have been established, with improvement goals set.
 • We have conducted our first Double Materiality Assessment for future regulatory disclosures.
 • We continue to expand our community giving, employee giving and volunteering platform, now available across all UK, US and Canada sites.
 • We launched a pilot of paid Volunteer Time Off in Western New York and the UK, allowing employees one paid shift of time per year to volunteer for nonprofit community organizations, with a goal to expand to more of our footprint in 2025.
 • We have refined our corporate charitable giving guidelines to prioritize twelve key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and developed toolkits to empower Moog sites around the world create local impact at a global scale.
 Business Ethics
 Moog is fully dedicated to conducting ourselves by the letter and in the spirit of the many laws and standards that apply to our business. Ethics are deeply embedded in our values and business processes. We regularly re-enforce our commitment to ethics and integrity in employee communications, in our everyday actions and in processes and controls. As a part of our on-going efforts to ensure our employees conduct business with the highest levels of ethics and integrity, Moog has compliance training programs in multiple languages. We also maintain the Moog TrustLine, where individuals can anonymously raise concerns they have about business behavior they do not feel comfortable discussing with business operations managers or human resources personnel. The Company's general confidential ethics hotline is administered by internal company counsel designated as Moog's ethics advocate. In addition, we maintain a separate hotline for cases wherein an employee believes that the Company's financial statements are materially misstated as a result of intentional acts or material weaknesses in the systems of internal control. This hotline is administered by the Company's Corporate Secretary.
 Customers. Our principal customers are Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") and end users for whom we provide aftermarket support. Aerospace and defense OEM customers collectively represented 61% of 2025 sales. The majority of these sales are to a small number of large companies. Due to the long-term nature of many of the programs, many of our relationships with aerospace and defense OEM customers are based on long-term agreements. Our industrial market sales, which represented 25% of 2025 sales, are to a wide range of global customers and are normally based on lead times of 90 days or less. We also provide aftermarket support, consisting of spare and replacement parts and repair and overhaul services, for all of our products. Our major aftermarket customers are the U.S. Government and commercial airlines. In 2025, aftermarket sales accounted for 14% of total sales.
 Our significant customers include tier one, large U.S. Government contractors and system integrators and are primarily within our Space and Defense, Military Aircraft and Commercial Aircraft segments. Net sales to our five largest customers represented approximately 31% of our 2025 sales.
 All U.S. Government contracts are subject to termination by the U.S. Government. In 2025, sales under U.S. Government contracts represented 38% of total sales and were primarily within our Space and Defense and Military Aircraft segments.
 See Item 1A, Risk Factors and Note 22 – Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report for additional information on U.S. Government contracts and customers accounting for more than 10% of our net sales.

 International Operations. Our operations outside the U.S. are conducted primarily through wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries and are located predominantly in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. See Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report for information regarding sales by geographic area and Exhibit 21 of Item 15, Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules of this report for a list of subsidiaries. Our international operations are subject to the usual risks inherent in international trade, including currency fluctuations, local government contracting regulations, local governmental restrictions on foreign investment and repatriation of profits, exchange controls, regulation of the import and distribution of foreign goods, as well as changing economic and social conditions in countries in which our operations are conducted.
 Environmental Matters. See the discussion in Note 24 - Commitments and Contingencies, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Website Access to Information. Our internet address is www.moog.com. The information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this or any other report filed with the SEC. We make our annual reports on Form 10 K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and, if applicable, amendments to those reports, available on the investor relations portion of our website. The reports are free of charge and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding SEC registrants, including Moog.

 Information about our Executive Officers. Other than the prior positions noted in the table below, the principal occupations of our executive officers for the past five years is the current positions they hold.

 Executive Officers

 Current Position
 Prior Positions
 Age

 Year First
 Elected Officer

 Pat Roche

 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

 On February 2, 2023, Pat Roche was named Chief Executive Officer. Previously, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, a position he held since December 1, 2021. Prior to that, he served as President, Industrial, a position he held since 2015.
 2012

 Jennifer Walter

 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 2008

 Joseph Alfieri
 Vice President and President, Space and Defense
 On March 1, 2023, Joseph Alfieri was named Vice President and President, Space and Defense. Previously, he served as General Manager, Moog Construction, a position he held since 2021. Prior to that, he served as General Manager, Commercial Aircraft Original Equipment since 2018.
 2023

 Mark Graczyk
 Vice President and President, Military Aircraft
 On March 1, 2023, Mark Graczyk was named Vice President and President, Military Aircraft. Previously, he served as Chief Business Officer, Aircraft, a position he held since 2022. Prior to that, he served as General Manager, Industrial Controls since 2021 and Finance Director, Aircraft, since 2017.
 2023

 Stuart Mclachlan
 Vice President and President, Industrial
 On December 1, 2021, Stuart Mclachlan was named Vice President and President, Industrial Group. Previously, he was Chief Business Officer, Aircraft, a position he held since 2019. Prior to that, he served as Group Vice President for Aircraft Control Components.
 2022

 Michael Schaff
 Vice President and President, Commercial Aircraft
 On March 1, 2023, Michael Schaff was named Vice President and President, Commercial Aircraft. Previously, he served as General Manager, Commercial Aircraft Original Equipment since 2021. Prior to that, he served as Finance Director, Space and Defense since 2017.
 2023

 Paul Wilkinson
 Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer

 2017

 Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 Information included or incorporated by reference in this report that does not consist of historical facts, including statements accompanied by or containing words such as "may," "will," "should," "believes," "expects," "expected," "intends," "plans," "projects," "approximate," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "outlook," "forecast," "anticipates," "presume" and "assume," are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to several factors, risks and uncertainties, the impact or occurrence of which could cause actual results to differ materially from the expected results described in the forward-looking statements. Certain of these factors, risks and uncertainties are discussed in the sections of this report entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." New factors, risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time that may affect the forward-looking statements made herein. Given these factors, risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as predictive of future results. We disclaim any obligation to update the forward-looking statements made in this report, except as required by law.

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors.

 Our business, financial condition and results of operations face many risks, many of which are not exclusively within our control. The known, material risks to our business summarized below should be carefully considered together with all the other information included in this report, including the financial statements and related notes. Any of the risks discussed below, elsewhere in this report or in our other SEC filings could have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Although the risks summarized below are organized by heading, and each risk is summarized separately, many of the risks are interrelated. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the material risks affecting our business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial that may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in the future and may require significant management time and attention.
 STRATEGIC RISKS
 We operate in highly competitive markets with competitors who may have greater resources than we possess. Many of our products are sold in highly competitive markets. Some of our competitors, especially in our industrial markets and medical market, are larger, more diversified and have greater financial, marketing, production and research and development resources. Within the aerospace and defense industries, suppliers have consolidated to expand their product offerings and to secure long-term sole-source positions. As a result, these competitors may be better able to withstand the effects of periodic economic downturns. Our sales and operating margins will be negatively impacted if our competitors:
 • develop products that are superior to our products,
 • develop products of comparable quality and performance that are more competitively priced than our products,
 • develop more efficient and effective manufacturing methods for their products and services, or
 • adapt more quickly than we do to technological innovations or evolving customer requirements.
 We believe that the principal points of competition in our markets are product quality, reliability, design and engineering capabilities, price, innovation, conformity to customers' specifications, timeliness of delivery, effectiveness of the distribution organization and quality of support after the sale. Maintaining or improving our competitive position requires continued investment in manufacturing, engineering, quality standards, marketing, customer service and support and in our distribution networks. If we do not maintain sufficient resources to make these investments, are unsuccessful in meeting our quality or delivery standards or are unsuccessful in maintaining our competitive position, we could face pricing pressures or loss in market share, causing our operations and financial performance to suffer.

 Our research and development and innovation efforts are substantial and may not be successful, which could reduce our sales and earnings. Our products and technological capabilities have undergone, and in the future may undergo, significant changes. In order to maintain a leadership position in the high-performance, precision controls market, we have incurred, and we expect to continue to incur, substantial expenses associated with research and development and innovation activities during the introduction of new products. Our technology has been developed through customer-funded and internally-funded research and development investments, as well as through business acquisitions. If we fail to predict customers' preferences, market preferences or fail to provide viable technological solutions, we may experience inefficiencies that could delay or prevent the acceptance of new products or product innovations. Also, incurred research and development expenses may exceed our cost estimates and the new products we develop may not generate sales sufficient to offset our investments. Additionally, our competitors may develop technologies or products that have more competitive advantages than ours and render our technology noncompetitive or obsolete.
 If we are unable to adequately enforce and protect our intellectual property or defend against assertions of infringement, our business and our ability to compete could be harmed. Protecting our intellectual property is critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. We therefore rely on internally developed and acquired patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and proprietary know-how to establish and protect our technologies and products. However, these measures afford only limited protection, and our patent rights and other intellectual property protections have been in the past, and may be in the future, infringed, misappropriated, misrepresented, copied without authorization, circumvented or invalidated in the U.S. or in foreign countries that do not offer the same level of intellectual property protections. Also, as our patents and other intellectual property protections expire, we may face increased competition. Additionally, we cannot be assured that our existing or planned products do not, or will not, infringe on the intellectual property rights of others or that others will not claim such infringement. When others infringe on our intellectual property rights, the value of our products is diminished, and we have incurred, and may continue to incur, substantial litigation costs to enforce our rights. Litigation related to intellectual property matters has diverted, and may continue to divert, management's focus and resources away from operations. If we are unable to adequately enforce and protect our intellectual property or defend against assertions of infringement, we could face reputational harm and our inability to defend against these scenarios could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, our business operations and financial condition.
 Our sales and earnings may be affected if we cannot identify, acquire or integrate strategic acquisitions, or as we conduct portfolio shaping and footprint rationalization initiatives. Acquisitions are an element of our growth strategy as we opportunistically make strategic investments in our businesses. Our historical growth has depended, and our future growth could depend, on our ability to successfully identify, acquire and integrate acquired businesses. We intend to seek additional acquisition opportunities that enhance our core businesses or accelerate our position on our new growth ventures. Growth by acquisition involves risk that could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. We may not know the potential exposure to unanticipated liabilities, and the acquisition agreements we may enter into may not fully protect us from unanticipated liabilities. Additionally, the expected benefits or synergies might not be fully realized, integrating operations and personnel may be slowed and key employees, suppliers or customers of the acquired business may depart. As a result of our ongoing margin expansion initiatives, we expect to continue to divest assets or businesses, discontinue products or reduce our operating footprint. Under certain circumstances, this may require us to record impairment charges or losses as a result of a transaction. In pursuing acquisition opportunities, integrating acquired businesses or divesting business operations, management's time and attention may be diverted from our core business, while consuming resources and incurring expenses for these activities.
 MARKET CONDITION RISKS
 The markets we serve are cyclical and sensitive to domestic and foreign economic conditions and events, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate. The markets we serve are sensitive to fluctuations in general business cycles, global pandemics, domestic and foreign governmental tariffs, trade and monetary policies and economic conditions and events. Boeing and Airbus are producing widebody aircraft at rates to support the post-pandemic air traffic volumes, as well as working through their current supply-chain challenges. Any adjustments to their ramp schedules affects the demand for our flight control systems. Also, U.S. defense and other foreign governments' defense funding levels, driven in part by the current global unrest, can fluctuate and affect our defense and our space programs. Our industrial product demand depends upon several factors including levels of capital investment, the pace of product innovations and technology upgrades, changing economic conditions and the current and forecasted price of oil and natural gas.

 We depend heavily on government contracts that may not be fully funded or may be terminated, and the failure to receive funding or the termination of one or more of these contracts could reduce our sales and increase our costs. Sales to the U.S. Government and its prime contractors and subcontractors represent a significant portion of our business. In 2025, sales under U.S. Government contracts represented 38% of our total sales, primarily within Space and Defense and Military Aircraft. Sales to foreign governments represented 9% of our total sales. Funding for government programs can be structured into a series of individual contracts and depend on cyclical annual congressional appropriations. At times when there are perceived threats to national security, U.S. Defense spending can increase; at other times, defense spending can decrease. Future levels of defense spending are uncertain and subject to congressional debate and spending prioritization. Any reduction in defense spending could adversely impact our sales, operating profit and our cash flow. We have resources applied to specific government contracts and if any of those contracts are rescheduled or terminated, we may incur substantial costs redeploying those resources.
 The loss of The Boeing Company as a customer or a significant reduction in the sales to The Boeing Company could adversely impact our operating results. We provide Boeing with controls for both military and commercial applications, as well as controls for space and defense applications, which totaled 10% of our 2025 sales. Sales to Boeing's commercial airplane group are generally made under long-term supply agreements. Boeing operates in a competitive environment and continues to evaluate the size, scope and cost of their supplier base. Labor disruptions or other supply chain constraints experienced by Boeing or its supplier base could delay planned production and negatively impact commercial aircraft production rates. Also, Boeing continues to match their commercial production rates to the resized global air traffic volume. In addition, a portion of our sales to Boeing is tied to varying levels of government defense spending, and a reduction in future U.S. defense spending levels could adversely impact our sales, operating profit and cash flow. Furthermore, a loss of Boeing as a customer could materially reduce our sales and earnings.
 We may not realize the full amounts reflected in our backlog as revenue, which could adversely affect our future revenue and growth prospects. As of September 27, 2025, our total backlog was $6.0 billion, which represents confirmed orders we believe will be recognized as revenue. There is no assurance that our customers will purchase all the orders represented in our backlog. If customers do not purchase these orders, it would increase our risk of inventory obsolescence and inventory write-downs, which would adversely affect our operations and our earnings. A significant portion of our backlog relates to commercial aircraft programs, and any adjustments to their planned production schedules will affect the demand for our flight control systems. Also, given the uncertain nature of our contracts with the U.S. Government and other foreign governments, in part due to governments' abilities to modify, curtail or terminate major programs, we may not realize the full revenue value of the orders included in our backlog. If this occurs, our future revenue and growth prospects may be adversely affected.
 OPERATIONAL RISKS
 Inflated prices across various raw materials and third-party provided components and sub-assemblies have adversely impacted, and could continue to adversely impact, our financial condition, operating profit and cash flow. A constrained supply chain could have a material impact on our ability to manufacture and ship products. The prices for materials and components used in our products has increased, adding additional pressures to our operating margins. Also, sole-source suppliers could apply leverage over price or other terms. We may be unable to raise our prices for our products equal to the increased prices for supplied materials and components, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flow. In addition, constraints in our supply chain that cause shortages or delays in materials and components could prevent us from completing and shipping our final products on time. We have taken actions to strengthen our supply chain, including making supplier changes and internalizing some processes. Transitions to new suppliers and internalizing processes could result in significant additional costs and delays, preventing us from meeting customer demand for our products, which could damage customer relationships and adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

 If our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform their contractual obligations, our prime contract performance and our ability to obtain future business could be materially and adversely impacted. We rely on other companies to perform portions of the manufacturing process of our products. While we actively manage our supply chain, establishing alternate sources, some business conditions cause us to obtain certain components and sub-assemblies from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. There are risks that we may have disputes with our subcontractors regarding the quality and timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, customer concerns about the subcontractor, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract or our hiring of personnel of a subcontractor. A failure by any of our sole-sourced or group of subcontractors to timely and satisfactorily provide the required, defect-free supplies or components, or perform the required services, may materially and adversely impact our ability to perform our obligations as the prime contractor. Subcontractor performance deficiencies could result in a customer terminating our prime contract for default, which could expose us to liability and substantially impair our ability to compete for future orders.
 We face, and may continue to face, risks related to information systems interruptions, intrusions and or new software implementations, which may adversely affect our business operations. We rely extensively on various information technologies throughout our company supporting nearly every business activity. In doing so, we work with sensitive data types including proprietary business information, intellectual property and confidential employee data. Handling and storage of this data, either onsite or managed by authorized third parties, subjects us to privacy, security, or other regulatory requirements, which could, if not handled or stored in compliance with applicable requirements, result in a potential liability. Business operations face risks, and may continue to face risks, due to information system errors, equipment failures, or ever-evolving cyber-attacks. In addition, advancements in artificial intelligence and quantum computing present risks to our business, as they may be used to identify vulnerabilities and produce advanced cybersecurity attacks. Unauthorized access or tampering via cybersecurity incidents may result in potential data corruption, exposure of proprietary or confidential information and work stoppages. Additionally, we have and expect to incur additional costs to comply with our customers' increased cybersecurity protections and standards, including those of the U.S. government. We have embarked on multi-year business information system transformation and standardization projects. These endeavors are complex and company-wide, involving new technologies and may introduce risk to our cybersecurity infrastructure. While we are investing significant resources throughout the planning, project managing and deployment processes, unanticipated delays could occur and could adversely affect our financial results. Any of these cybersecurity issues may cause operational stoppages, increased operational costs, fines, penalties and diminished competitive advantages through reputational damages.
 We may not be able to prevent, or timely detect, issues with our products and our manufacturing processes which may adversely affect our operations and our earnings. We must continuously improve product development and manufacturing processes and systems to ensure we deliver high-quality, technically advanced products. Due to growth in operations and our constrained supply chain, there is a risk our current manufacturing processes and systems are unable to maintain our high-quality and on-time delivery standards for our customers. If we are unable to maintain these standards, we could experience late deliveries and penalties, recalls, increased warranty costs, order cancellations and litigation.
 The failure or misuse of our products may damage our reputation, necessitate a product recall or result in claims against us that exceed our insurance coverage, thereby requiring us to pay significant damages. Defects in the design and manufacture of our products or our subcontractors' products may necessitate a product recall. We include complex system designs and components in our products that could contain errors or defects, particularly when we incorporate new technologies into our customers' solutions. If any of our products are defective, we could be required to redesign or recall those products, pay substantial damages or warranty claims or face actions by regulatory bodies and government authorities. Such an event could result in significant expenses, delay sales, inflate inventory, cause reputational damage or cause us to withdraw from certain markets. We are also exposed to product liability claims. Many of our products are used in applications where their failure or misuse could result in significant property or economic loss and serious personal injury or death. We carry product liability insurance consistent with industry norms. However, these insurance coverages may not be sufficient to fully cover the payment of any potential claim. A product recall or a product liability claim not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 As an aerospace and defense company, we face risks related to the security of our facilities and employees. Threats to the physical security of our facilities and employees, such as civil unrest, terrorism, sabotage and workplace violence, could disrupt production, delay deliveries, compromise sensitive information or assets and increase security and insurance costs. These threats could adversely impact our sales, operating profit, cash flow and reputation.

 FINANCIAL RISKS
 We make estimates in accounting for over-time contracts, and changes in these estimates may have significant impacts on our earnings. We have over-time contracts with some of our customers, predominantly in our aerospace and defense markets. We recognize revenue using an input method that uses costs incurred to date to measure progress toward completion ("cost-to-cost"). Changes in these required estimates could have a material adverse effect on sales and profits. Any adjustments are recognized in the period in which the change becomes known using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. For contracts with anticipated losses at completion, we establish a provision for the entire amount of the estimated remaining loss and charge it against income in the period in which the loss becomes known and can be reasonably estimated. Amounts representing performance incentives, penalties, contract claims or impacts of scope change negotiations are considered in estimating revenues, costs and profits. Due to the substantial judgments involved with this process, our actual results could differ materially or could be settled unfavorably from our estimates. See Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 We enter into fixed-price contracts, which could subject us to losses if we have cost overruns. In 2025, fixed-price contracts represented 90% of our over-time sales that we account for using the cost-to-cost method. On fixed-price contracts, we agree to perform the scope of work specified in the contract for a predetermined price. Depending on the fixed price negotiated, these contracts may provide us with an opportunity to achieve higher profits based on the relationship between our total contract costs and the contract's fixed price. However, we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to incur a loss on the contract, which would reduce our net earnings. Although we closely monitor all programs and continuously seek opportunities, in coordination with our customers and suppliers, to mitigate future material impacts on fixed price contract profitability, we may be unsuccessful in these efforts and our net earnings may be reduced. Contract loss reserves are most commonly associated with fixed-price contracts that involve the design and development of control systems to meet the customer's specifications.
 Our indebtedness and restrictive covenants under our credit facilities and indenture governing our senior notes could limit our operational and financial flexibility. We have incurred significant indebtedness and may incur additional debt as we invest in operations, research and development, capital expenditures and acquisitions. Our ability to make scheduled interest and principal payments could be adversely impacted by changes in the availability, terms and cost of capital, changes in interest rates or changes in our credit ratings or our outlook. These changes could place us at a competitive disadvantage through higher debt costs, limiting our ability to meet operational and capital needs, delaying our reactions to changes in market conditions and pursuing acquisitions. In addition, the restrictive covenants under both our credit facilities and the indenture governing our senior notes could limit our operational and financial flexibility, which could also impact our ability to efficiently operate our business.
 Significant changes in discount rates, rates of return on pension assets, mortality tables and other factors could adversely affect our earnings and equity and increase our pension funding requirements. Pension costs and obligations are determined using actual results as well as actuarial valuations that involve several assumptions. The most critical assumptions are the discount rate, the long-term expected return on assets and mortality tables. Other assumptions include salary increases and retirement age. Some of these assumptions, such as the discount rate and return on pension assets, are reflective of economic conditions and largely out of our control. Despite our largest pension plan being well funded, changes in the pension assumptions could adversely affect our earnings, equity and funding requirements.
 A write-off of all or part of our goodwill or other intangible assets could adversely affect our operating results and enterprise value. Goodwill and other intangible assets are a substantial portion of our assets. At September 27, 2025, goodwill was $842 million and other intangible assets were $66 million of our total assets of $4.4 billion. The amount of goodwill and other intangible assets may increase in the future as a result of acquisitions. However, we may have to impair all or part of our goodwill or other intangible assets if the fair value falls because of changes in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market environments or the financial performance of the company. Although this impairment would be a non-cash charge, it could reduce our earnings and adversely affect our enterprise value. We review whether goodwill or other intangible assets have been impaired annually, or more frequently, if there have been changes in circumstances or conditions.

 Unforeseen exposure to additional income tax liabilities may affect our operating results. Our distribution of taxable income is subject to domestic and foreign tax jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate and earnings may be affected by shifts in our mix of earnings in countries with varying statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and outcomes of any audits performed on previous tax returns. Additionally, any alterations to domestic and foreign government tax regulations or interpretations, global minimum taxes or other tax law changes could have significant impacts on our effective tax rate and on our deferred tax assets and liabilities. In 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) passed Pillar Two, an inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Sharing, which would enact a minimum 15% tax for large multinational companies. Many countries are considering changes to their tax laws or proposing new tax laws to align with the recommendations that have been made by the OECD regarding Pillar Two. We are closely monitoring developments and evaluating the potential impacts of Pillar Two, which could adversely affect our effective tax rate, tax payments and results of operations.
 LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE RISKS
 We may not be able to remediate material weaknesses effectively, identify additional material weaknesses in the future or achieve and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, which may affect our ability to ensure timely and reliable financial reports and affect the ability of our auditors to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls. We identified a material weakness in the design and operation of our controls over a distinct group of long-term aftermarket service revenue contracts in our Commercial Aircraft segment. That material weakness led to a conclusion that our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 27, 2025. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act. We are actively engaged in developing a remediation plan designed to address the material weakness but cannot be certain as to when our remediation plan will be fully completed. If the remedial measures are insufficient to address the material weakness or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the internal controls are discovered or occur in the future, the consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements. We may also be required to restate our financial results, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations or financial condition, restrict our ability to access the capital markets, require us to expend significant resources to correct the material weaknesses or significant deficiencies, subject us to fines, lawsuits, penalties, judgments or other legal expenses, harm our reputation, create delays or the inability to meet future SEC reporting obligations. For more information related to our material weakness and its remediation, see Item 9A. Controls and Procedures of this report.
 Contracting on government programs is subject to significant regulation, including rules related to bidding, billing and accounting standards, and any false claims or non-compliance could subject us to fines, penalties or possible debarment. We are subject to risks associated with government program contracting, including substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties. These fines and penalties could be imposed for failing to follow procurement integrity and bidding rules, employing improper billing practices or otherwise failing to follow cost accounting standards, receiving or paying kickbacks or filing false claims. We have been, and expect to continue to be, subjected to audits and investigations by U.S. and foreign government agencies and authorities. The failure to comply with the terms of our government contracts could harm our business reputation. We also could be subject to withheld progress payments or suspension or debarment from future government contracts, which could have a material effect on our operational and financial results.

 Our operations in foreign countries expose us to currency, political and trade risks and adverse changes in local legal and regulatory environments could impact our results of operations. We have significant manufacturing and sales operations in foreign countries. In addition, our domestic operations sell to foreign customers. Our financial results may be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currencies and by the translation of the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries from local currencies into U.S. dollars. Both the sales from international operations and export sales are subject to varying degrees of risks inherent in doing business outside of the U.S. Such risks include the possibility of unfavorable circumstances arising from host country laws, regulations or customs including, but not limited to privacy laws protecting personal data, changes in tariff and trade barriers and import or export licensing requirements. The tariffs recently implemented in the U.S. on steel, aluminum and other raw materials, potential of further tariffs and potential retaliatory actions by other countries could increase costs and reduce availability of raw materials. This could adversely impact our sales, operating profit and cash flow. Uncertainty also remains with respect to trade policies and treaties between the U.S. and other countries including China, where we both source products and have customers. Changes to tariffs or other trade restrictions may result in higher prices for new aircraft, which may negatively impact customer order volume, and restrict our future orders. The potential loss of orders could negatively impact our financial results including lower sales, operating profits and cash flow. For our sales mix by country, see Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Government regulations could limit our ability to sell our products outside the U.S. and otherwise adversely affect our business. Our failure to obtain, or fully adhere to, the limitations contained in the requisite licenses, meet registration standards or comply with other government export regulations would hinder our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our products outside the U.S. In addition, the U.S. government has established, and from time to time revises, sanctions that restrict or prohibit U.S. companies and their subsidiaries from doing business with certain foreign countries, entities and individuals. The absence of comparable restrictions on competitors in other countries may adversely affect our competitive position. In order to sell our products in European Union countries, we must satisfy certain technical requirements. If we are unable to comply with those requirements, our sales in Europe would be restricted. Doing business internationally also subjects us to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, anti-bribery, privacy regulations and anti-boycott provisions. From time to time, we have filed, and may in the future file, voluntary disclosure reports with the U.S. Department of State and the Department of Commerce regarding certain violations of U.S. export laws and regulations discovered by us in the course of our business activities, employee training or internal reviews and audits. To date, our voluntary disclosures relating to export compliance matters have not resulted in a fine, penalty, or export privilege denial or restriction that has materially impacted our financial condition or ability to export. Our failure, or failure by an authorized agent or representative that is attributable to us, to comply with these laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities. In the extreme case, these failures could result in financial penalties, suspension or debarment from government contracts or suspension of our export privileges, which could have a material adverse effect on us. For our sales mix by country, see Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 We are involved in various legal proceedings, the outcome of which may be unfavorable to us. Our business may be adversely impacted by the outcome of legal proceedings and other contingencies that cannot be predicted with certainty. We estimate loss contingencies and establish reserves based on our assessment when liability is deemed probable and reasonably estimable, given the facts and circumstances known to us at a particular point in time. Subsequent developments may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingencies recognized as liabilities.
 Our operations are subject to environmental laws and complying with those laws may cause us to incur significant costs. Our operations and facilities are subject to numerous stringent environmental laws and regulations. Although we believe that we are in material compliance with these laws and regulations, future changes in these laws, regulations or interpretations of them, or changes in the nature of our operations may require us to make significant capital expenditures to ensure continued compliance. We have been, and are currently involved in, environmental remediation activities. The cost of these activities may become significant depending on the discovery of additional environmental exposures at sites that we currently own or operate, at sites that we formerly owned or operated, or at sites to which we have sent hazardous substances or wastes for treatment, recycling or disposal.

 We may face reputational, regulatory or financial risks from a perceived, or an actual, failure to achieve our sustainability goals. The increased focus on sustainability practices and disclosures is rapidly evolving, as is the criteria to measure our sustainability performance; both of which could result in greater expectations and may cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy the evolving criteria. As we advance our sustainable business model, we are pursuing programs that we believe will improve our environmental practices, social engagement and how we govern ourselves. We periodically publish information about our sustainability goals, standards and frameworks. Achievement of these objectives is subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our direct control, and it is possible we may fail, or be perceived to have failed, in the achievement of our sustainability goals. Also, certain customers, associates, shareholders, investors, suppliers, business partners, government agencies and non-governmental organizations may not be satisfied with our sustainability efforts. A failure, or perceived failure, of our sustainability goals could negatively affect our reputation and our results of operations.
 Invalidation of Moog Military Aircraft LLC's facility security clearance by the U.S. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency could impact potential future business as well as adversely affect our operating results. On June 28, 2024, Moog Military Aircraft LLC ("MMA"), our subsidiary, received a facility security clearance from the U.S. Department of Defense. MMA's facility security clearance allows it to bid on and receive new classified contracts from U.S. government contracting agencies and from prime contractors. If, in the future, we are found to be in noncompliance, or if we are required to comply with additional obligations, the U.S. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency ("DCSA") could invalidate MMA's facility security clearance, which may adversely impact our sales, operating profit and cash flow.
 GENERAL RISKS
 Future terror attacks, war, natural disasters, public health crises or other catastrophic events beyond our control could negatively impact our business. Terror attacks, war or other civil disturbances, natural disasters, public health crises and other catastrophic events could lead to economic instability and decreased demand for commercial products, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. From time to time, terrorist attacks worldwide have caused instability in global financial markets and in the aviation industry. Also, our facilities and suppliers are located throughout the world and could be subject to damage from fires, floods, earthquakes or other natural or man-made disasters. Although we carry third party property insurance covering these and other risks, our inability to meet customers' schedules as a result of a catastrophe may result in the loss of customers or significantly increase costs, including penalty claims under customer contracts. Insurance for certain risks may be unavailable, insufficient or subject to dispute, which could adversely impact our financial condition, operating profit and cash flow.
 Our performance could suffer if we cannot maintain our culture as well as attract, retain and engage our employees. We believe our culture is our strongest asset and is the foundation of our business. Our culture focuses on trust, respect, collaboration, confidence and empowerment. Our strong culture allows us to recruit and retain top-level talent. We also believe our employees and our experienced leadership group are competitive advantages, as the best people, over time, produce the best results. If we are unable to carry these values forward by not attracting the most talented candidates, by not retaining and engaging our global workforce including our senior management team, or by not investing in their talent and personal development, our operational and financial performances could suffer.

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments.

 None.

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity.

 Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
 Our cybersecurity policies and reporting processes are designed so that members of our senior management receive timely and adequate information regarding cybersecurity matters that impact the Company, including threats and incident response. We have implemented an approach to assess, identify and manage cybersecurity risks within our overall enterprise risk management program that shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes and is based on a recognized framework established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
 Cybersecurity risks, both internal and from third parties, are tracked regularly. We have established plans and procedures to guide us through an active threat or incident in order to return to normal business operations. We have developed a notification process to allow for real-time escalation of material cybersecurity incidents by and among members of our Corporate IT Security Team ("CIST").
 We also maintain an Executive Cyber Incident Escalation Team ("ECIET"), which consists of our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), Senior Vice President - General Counsel, Chief Information Officer ("CIO") and the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"). The ECIET meets annually to practice and refine our processes through tabletop exercises simulating cyberattacks for incident response, management and escalation at both technical and executive levels in order to maintain readiness to respond and to identify any areas where improvements or updates to our cybersecurity infrastructure or procedures are required.
 In addition, our IT infrastructure management program maintains an IT Crisis Response Plan ("ICRP") where we have disaster recovery plans for key applications. The ICRP includes processes which address disruption of services that affect any IT services supplied by third-party vendors or service providers. Our IT infrastructure management program also ensures an initial risk assessment is conducted on all new third-party vendors prior to engagement.
 We regularly complete periodic assessments and testing of our practices to address cybersecurity threats and incidents by performing internal audits of internal processes and controls. We engage third-party expertise and utilize threat intelligence feeds to supplement and enhance our CIST of cybersecurity professionals. In addition, we require all employees to take several mandatory cybersecurity training courses on an annual basis.
 In the ordinary course of our business, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience, cyber-based attacks and other attempts to compromise our information systems. Based on the information we have as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we do not believe that any risks from any cybersecurity threats or from any previous cybersecurity incident have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Although our processes are designed to help prevent, detect, respond to and mitigate the impact of such incidents, whether directly or through our supply chain or other channels, we face a risk of such threats, the consequences of which could be material. Further, the preventative actions we have taken and continue to take to reduce the risk of cybersecurity threats and incidents may not successfully protect against these potential threats and incidents in the future. While we maintain cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured. See Item 1A. "Risk Factors" under the heading "We face, and may continue to face, risks related to information systems interruptions, intrusions and or new software implementations, which may adversely affect our business operations" for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.

 Cybersecurity Governance
 Our Board of Directors ("Board") is informed about cybersecurity risk matters pertaining to the Company and its operations as part of our overall enterprise risk assessment. At least annually, or more frequently as necessary, the Board receives cybersecurity briefings and is apprised of cybersecurity incidents deemed to pose significant risk to us. Our internal controls and procedures are designed to provide for the identification, notification, escalation and communication of cybersecurity incidents to management, including when appropriate to the Board, so that decisions regarding public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made in a timely manner.
 The CIST, led by our CISO, is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes that protect, detect and respond in the defense of our data and enterprise computing systems and networks.
 The CIST is supported by experienced and knowledgeable leaders, who each have several decades of experience managing risk at Moog or similar companies, including risks arising from cybersecurity threats. The CIST consists of several centers of expertise comprised of persons with many types of skills and ability, including security operations center analysts, cyber engineers, threat hunters, threat modelers, cyber risk and compliance professionals, and threat and vulnerability management analysts. Members of the CIST maintain cybersecurity credentials, such as Certified Information Security Manager, Certified Information Systems Security Specialist, CompTIA Security+ and cybersecurity Analyst+, EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker, Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator, and several vendor product certifications including from Amazon Web Services, Microsoft and Qualys.
 We also perform annual internal assessments and audits of internal processes and controls related to cybersecurity and engage third-party experts to support the assessment of cybersecurity related risks, including cybersecurity penetration testing. The results of these assessments, audits and tests are reported to the CIO and CFO.
 In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we engage our Incident Response Plan, which outlines the steps to be followed regarding preparation, detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, notification, and post-incident remediation. Notification includes informing functional areas (e.g., legal), as well as senior management and the Board, as appropriate. We also have an insider threat detection program to proactively identify internal threats and mitigate those threats in a timely manner. As a defense contractor, we must comply with extensive regulations, including requirements imposed by the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement to adequately safeguard controlled unclassified information and reporting cybersecurity incidents to the Department of Defense's Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification program. Moog also shares and receives threat intelligence information with our defense industrial base peers, government agencies, information sharing and analysis centers and cybersecurity associations.
 The CISO and the CIO present cybersecurity updates regularly and, as necessary, to the CFO. The CFO will engage the Board to participate in assessing cybersecurity risk as part of the Company's overall risk assessment. In addition, the Board is informed when a cybersecurity issue is identified that may pose significant risk to the Company.

 Item 2.

 Properties.

 On September 27, 2025, we occupied 5,702,000 square feet of space, distributed by segment as follows:

 Square Feet

 Owned

 Leased

 Total

 1,177,000
 499,000
 1,676,000

 991,000
 249,000
 1,240,000

 605,000
 290,000
 895,000

 1,408,000
 463,000
 1,871,000

 Corporate Headquarters
 20,000
 —
 20,000

 Total
 4,201,000
 1,501,000
 5,702,000

 We have principal manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and countries throughout the world in the following locations:
 • Space and Defense - U.S., Ireland, United Kingdom and Australia.
 • Military Aircraft - U.S. and United Kingdom.
 • Commercial Aircraft - U.S., Philippines, United Kingdom and Ireland.
 • Industrial - U.S., Germany, Italy, Japan, India, China, Costa Rica, Netherlands, Canada, Lithuania, United Kingdom and Philippines.
 Our corporate headquarters is located in East Aurora, New York.
 We believe that our properties have been adequately maintained, are generally in good condition and will be able to accommodate our capacity needs to meet current levels of demand. We continuously review our anticipated requirements for facilities and on the basis of that review, may from time to time acquire additional facilities, expand or dispose of existing facilities. Leases for our properties expire at various times from 2026 through 2093. Upon the expiration of our current leases, we believe that we will be able to either secure renewal terms or enter into leases for alternative locations at market terms.

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings.

 From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings. We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings that management believes will result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures.

 Not applicable.

 Item 5.

 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 Our two classes of common shares, Class A common stock and Class B common stock, are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the ticker symbols MOG.A and MOG.B.
 The number of registered shareholders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock was 472 and 314, respectively, as of November 19, 2025.
 The following table summarizes our purchases of our common stock for the quarter ended September 27, 2025.
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Period
 (a) Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
(1)(2)
 (b) Average
Price Paid
Per Share
 (c) Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (3)
 (d) Maximum
Number
(or Approx.
Dollar Value) of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under Plans or
Programs (3)

 June 29, 2025 - August 2, 2025
 92,796
 $
 183.14
 —
 1,660,107

 August 3, 2025 - August 30, 2025
 19,703
 198.23
 —
 1,660,107

 August 31, 2025 - September 27, 2025
 17,910
 198.07
 —
 1,660,107

 Total
 130,409
 $
 187.42
 —
 1,660,107

 (1)Reflects purchases by the Moog Inc. Stock Employee Compensation Trust Agreement ("SECT") of shares of Class B common stock from the Moog Inc. Retirement Savings Plan ("RSP") and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") as follows: 32,621 shares at $190.73 during July; 15,929 shares at $197.82 during August and 5,548 shares at $199.46 during September.
 (2)In connection with the exercise of equity-based compensation awards, we accept delivery of shares to pay for the exercise price and withhold shares for tax withholding obligations. In July, we accepted delivery of 1,759 Class B shares at $204.32; In August, we accepted delivery of 492 Class A shares at $196.50 and 1,972 Class B shares at $200.76; In September, we accepted delivery of 234 Class A shares at $199.30 and 3,469 Class B shares at $200.00. In connection with the issuance of equity-based awards and shares to the ESPP, we purchased 58,416 Class B shares at $178.27 in July, 1,310 Class B shares at $200.00 in August, and 8,659 Class B shares at $196.38 in September from the SECT.
 (3)The Board of Directors has authorized a share repurchase program that permits the purchase of up to 3 million common shares of Class A or Class B common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions at the discretion of management.

 Performance Graph
 The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" nor to be "filed" with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. The stock performance shown on the graph is not intended to be indicative of future stock performance.
 The following graph and table show the performance of the Company's Class A common stock compared to the Russell 3000 Total Return Index, a broad market index, and the Standard & Poor's ("S&P") Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Total Return Index, an index that includes public companies within our industry, for a $100 investment made on September 30, 2020, including the reinvestment of any dividends.
 The Russell 3000 Total Return Index and S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Total Return Index replaced the NYSE Composite Total Return Index and S&P Aerospace & Defense Index, respectively, as they more appropriately represent the market and our industry. In the transition year, the table and the graph below include both the prior and the new indices of peer companies.

 9/20
 9/21
 9/22
 9/23
 9/24
 9/25

 Moog Inc. - Class A Common Stock
 $
 $
 121.49
 $
 113.60
 $
 184.42
 $
 332.15
 $
 343.47

 Russell 3000 Total Return Index
 131.88
 108.63
 130.86
 176.91
 207.71

 S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Total Return Index
 138.28
 107.07
 132.01
 187.10
 282.62

 NYSE Composite Total Return Index
 129.89
 110.94
 129.97
 168.51
 190.18

 S&P Aerospace & Defense Index
 129.60
 122.27
 136.02
 196.22
 261.55

 Item 6.

 Reserved.

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this report.
 This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those under the heading "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this report.
 OVERVIEW
 We are a worldwide designer, manufacturer and systems integrator of high-performance precision motion and fluid controls and control systems for a broad range of applications in aerospace and defense and industrial markets.
 Within the aerospace and defense market, our products and systems include:
 • Defense market - primary and secondary flight controls and components for military aircraft, tactical and strategic missile steering controls, defense ground vehicle systems including turreted weapon systems and various other defense product components.
 • Commercial aircraft market - primary and secondary flight controls and components for commercial aircraft.
 • Space market - satellite avionics, propulsion and positioning controls and components, launcher thrust vector controls and components, as well as integrated space vehicles.
 In the industrial market, our products are used in a wide range of applications including:
 • Industrial market - various components and systems used in applications including: heavy industrial machinery used for metal forming and pressing, flight simulation motion control systems, energy exploration and generation products, material and automotive structural and fatigue testing systems, as well as liquid cooling pumps used in data centers.
 • Medical market - pumps and sets for enteral clinical nutrition and infusion therapy, slip rings used in CT scan medical equipment and various components used in ultrasonic sensors and surgical handpieces.
 We operate under four segments, Space and Defense, Military Aircraft, Commercial Aircraft and Industrial. Our principal manufacturing facilities are located in the United States, Philippines, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Costa Rica, China, Netherlands, Japan, Canada, India and Lithuania.
 Under ASC 606, 64% of revenue was recognized over time for the year ended September 27, 2025, using the cost-to-cost method of accounting. The over-time method of revenue recognition is predominantly used in Space and Defense, Military Aircraft and Commercial Aircraft. We use this method for U.S. Government contracts and repair and overhaul arrangements as we are creating or enhancing assets that the customer controls. In addition, many of our large commercial contracts qualify for over-time accounting as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
 For the year ended September 27, 2025, 36% of revenue was recognized at the point in time control transferred to the customer. This method of revenue recognition is used most frequently in Industrial. We use this method for commercial contracts in which the asset being created has an alternative use. We determine the point in time control transfers to the customer by weighing the five indicators provided by ASC 606. When control has transferred to the customer, profit is generated as cost of sales is recorded and as revenue is recognized.
 Our products and technologies affect millions of people worldwide. Our solutions preserve national security, ensure safe air transportation, reduce industrial factory emissions and enhance patients' lives, while driving innovation. Our engineers collaboratively design and manufacture the most advanced motion control products, to the highest quality standards, for use in demanding applications. By building on these core foundational capabilities, we believe we have achieved a leadership position in the high-performance, precision controls market, and are "Shaping The Way Our World Moves."

 We leverage our engineering expertise and close customer relationships to solve complex technical problems. This approach has allowed us to expand, organically and through acquisitions, our high-performance components business to also offer the design, manufacture and integration of high-performance systems across multiple markets. We continue to expand our content on existing platforms as well, seeking to be the leading precision motion-controls supplier across the niche markets we serve. We are also modernizing operations through productivity enhancing technologies and targeted talent development to strengthen operational performance.
 Our long-term strategies to achieve our financial objectives focus on pricing and simplification initiatives. Our pricing strategy seeks recognition for the value we deliver to our customers across our markets. Our simplification initiatives, guided by 80/20 principles, include:
 • shaping our product and business portfolio to invest in growth areas and divest non-core assets,
 • rationalizing our global footprint to meet current and future business volumes,
 • focusing our factories to meet the specific needs of each market, and
 • investing in automation and technologies to improve operational efficiency.
 We aim to improve shareholder value through strategic revenue growth, both organic and acquired, manufacturing and operating efficiencies and utilizing low-cost manufacturing facilities without compromising quality. Historically and over the long-term, our capital deployment strategy has balanced strategic acquisitions, share buybacks and dividend payments to maximize shareholder returns. In the near term, our capital deployment prioritizes organic growth while opportunistically pursuing acquisitions that complement our business.
 Acquisitions, Divestitures and Assets Held for Sale
 See Note 3 - Acquisitions, Divestitures and Assets Held for Sale, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report for details.
 Equity Method and Other Investments
 See Note 9 - Equity Method and Other Investments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report for details.

 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
 Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are affected by our application of accounting policies, which are discussed in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report. We believe the accounting policies discussed below are the most critical in understanding and evaluating our financial results. These critical accounting policies have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
 Revenue Recognition on Over-Time Contracts
 We recognize revenue from contracts with customers using the five-step model prescribed in ASC 606. For contracts that qualify for over-time treatment, we recognize revenue as control of the promised goods or services is being transferred to the customer. This is accomplished by using the cost-to-cost method of accounting, which measures progress as determined by the ratio of cumulative costs incurred to date to estimated total contract costs at completion, multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue, less cumulative revenue recognized in prior periods. We believe this is an appropriate measure of progress toward satisfaction of performance obligations as this measure most accurately depicts the progress of our work and transfer of control to our customers. Changes in estimates affecting sales, costs and profits are recognized in the period in which the change becomes known using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. Revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost method of accounting over time for the year ended September 27, 2025 was 64% of total revenue. Revenue and cost estimates for substantially all over-time contract performance obligations are reviewed and updated quarterly. For further information, refer to Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Contract Reserves
 At September 27, 2025, we had contract reserves of $84 million. Contract reserves are comprised of contract loss reserves, recall reserves, and contract-related reserves. Contract loss reserves are recorded for open contracts where it is anticipated that contract costs will be greater than contract income and are determined considering all direct and indirect contract costs, exclusive of any selling, general or administrative cost allocations that are treated as period expenses. In accordance with ASC 606, we calculate contract losses at the contract level, versus the performance obligation level. Recall reserves are recorded when additional work is needed on completed products for them to meet contract specifications. Contract-related reserves are recorded for other reasons, such as delivery issues outside of the ordinary scope of the contract. For all three types of reserves, a provision for the entire amount of the loss is charged against income in the period in which the loss becomes known and can be reasonably estimated by management. For further information, refer to Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Reserves for Inventory Valuation
 At September 27, 2025, we had net inventories of $914 million, or 39% of current assets. Reserves for inventory were $146 million, or 14% of gross inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined primarily on the first-in, first-out method of valuation.
 We record valuation reserves to provide for slow-moving or obsolete inventory by principally using a formula-based method that increases the valuation reserve as the inventory ages. We also take specific circumstances into consideration. We consider overall inventory levels in relation to firm customer backlog in addition to forecasted demand including aftermarket sales. Changes in these and other factors, such as low demand and technological obsolescence, could cause us to increase our reserves for inventory valuation, which would negatively impact our gross margin. As we record provisions within cost of sales to increase inventory valuation reserves, we establish a new, lower cost basis for the inventory.

 Income Taxes
 Our annual tax rate is based on our earnings before tax by jurisdiction, applicable statutory tax rates, the impacts of permanent differences, tax incentives and tax planning opportunities in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions.
 An estimated annual effective tax rate is applied to our quarterly ordinary operating results. For certain significant, unusual or infrequent events, we recognize the tax impact in the quarter in which it occurs.
 We record reserves against tax benefits when it's more likely than not that we will not sustain a position if the appropriate taxing jurisdiction had full information and examined our position. We adjust these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as when progress is made by taxing authorities in their review of our position. There is a considerable amount of judgment in making these assessments. There were no significant reserves taken in 2024.
 Valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets are another area that requires judgment. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. We consider recent earnings projections, allowable tax carryforward periods, tax planning strategies and historical earnings performance to determine the amount of the valuation allowance. Changes in these factors could cause us to adjust our valuation allowances, which would impact our income tax expense when we determine that these factors have changed.
 At September 27, 2025, we had gross deferred tax assets of $209 million and deferred tax asset valuation allowances of $12 million. The deferred tax assets principally relate to benefit accruals, inventory obsolescence, tax benefit carryforwards, contract reserves and lease liabilities. The deferred tax assets include $13 million related to tax benefit carryforwards associated with net operating losses and tax credits, for which $12 million of deferred tax asset valuation allowances are recorded. For further information, refer to Note 16 - Income Taxes, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.

 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 During the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 27, 2025, management identified misstatements in previously issued annual consolidated financial statements and interim consolidated condensed financial statements, impacting prior periods.
 The principal misstatement related to the accounting for a distinct group of long-term aftermarket service contracts with customers in the Commercial Aircraft segment. Specifically, there were inaccurate inputs used in the total costs at completion estimate within the over-time revenue recognition calculation for these contracts that accumulated over several years. Additionally, other unrelated misstatements, including an adjustment for the understatement of certain warranty costs, were also identified.
 We evaluated the nature and magnitude of all identified misstatements to assess the materiality, including quantitative and qualitative considerations and determined that the misstatements were not material, individually or in aggregate, to any previously issued quarterly or annual consolidated financial statements. However, correcting these misstatements entirely in the current period would have been material to our 2025 financial statements. As a result, within this annual report, we have revised our prior period annual consolidated financial statements for 2023 and 2024 and our quarterly consolidated condensed financial statements for 2024 and 2025 to reflect the corrections in the periods in which the misstatements originated.
 A summary of the corrections and their related impacts on each financial statement line items from our previously issued financial statements are presented in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 25 – Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.
 The following is a discussion of our results of operations in 2025 compared to revised 2024 results and our revised 2024 results of operations compared to revised 2023 results.

 (In millions, except per share data)
 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 3,861
 $
 3,609
 $
 3,316
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Gross margin
 27.4
 %
 28.1
 %
 27.1
 %

 Research and development expenses
 (19)
 (17
 %)
 %

 Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales
 14.3
 %
 13.9
 %
 14.3
 %

 Interest expense
 %
 %

 Asset impairment
 (17)

 Restructuring expense
 (14)

 —
 —
 —
 (1)

 —
 (1)
 (10)

 —
 —
 —
 (13)

 Other
 (8)

 Effective tax rate
 24.8
 %
 22.6
 %
 20.9
 %

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Diluted average common shares outstanding
 —
 (1
 %)
 —
 %

 Diluted earnings per share
 $
 7.33
 $
 6.45
 $
 5.47
 $
 0.88
 %
 $
 0.98
 %

 Total backlog
 $
 6,010
 $
 5,060
 $
 5,150
 $
 %
 $
 (90)
 (2
 %)

 Twelve-month backlog
 $
 3,000
 $
 2,500
 $
 2,420
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Net sales increased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by demand in Commercial Aircraft and by defense market growth in Space and Defense and Military Aircraft. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in Industrial, driven by the lost sales associated with our divestitures at the beginning of 2025. Net sales increased across all our segments in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by production ramps in Commercial Aircraft and by defense market growth in Military Aircraft and Space and Defense.

 Gross margin decreased in 2025 compared to 2024. This was driven by a benefit of $14 million from the Employee Retention Credit associated with the CARES Act in 2024. Gross margin increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by improved performance on our space vehicle development programs, a $14 million benefit from the Employee Retention Credit associated with the CARES Act and the results of our pricing and simplification initiatives across all our segments.

 Research and development expenses decreased in 2025 compared to 2024 due to lower level of activity, primarily in Industrial. Research and development expenses increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by activities supporting our new growth programs in Space and Defense and Industrial.

 Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by expenses associated with the settlement of a legal dispute of $12 million and increased business capture activities. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales decreased in 2024 compared to 2023, reflecting the incremental benefit from higher sales volume.

 Interest expense increased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by higher outstanding debt balances, partially offset by lower interest rates. Interest expense increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by higher interest rates, as well as higher debt balances.

 In 2025, 2024 and 2023, inventory write-down, asset impairment and restructuring charges included charges for various simplification activities, primarily within Industrial. In 2023, we also incurred a non-cash pension settlement charge, which was mostly offset by the gain from the sales of three buildings in Industrial.

 The effective tax rate was higher in 2025 compared to 2024, as 2024 included a benefit associated with a capital investment incentive in the United Kingdom. The effective tax rate was higher in 2024 compared to 2023, as the effective tax rate in 2023 reflected higher amounts of research and development tax credit benefits.

 The twelve-month backlog at September 27, 2025 increased as compared with the twelve-month backlog at September 28, 2024. The twelve-month backlog in Military Aircraft increased due to the timing of orders for the F-35 program and new production programs. Within Space and Defense, we had higher orders across the entire portfolio of the business, reflecting strong business capture and broad-based growth in both space and defense. The twelve-month backlog in Industrial increased due to increased orders in medical and liquid cooling pumps used in data centers.

 The twelve-month backlog at September 28, 2024 increased as compared with the twelve-month backlog at September 30, 2023. Within Commercial Aircraft, we had higher spares orders in our aftermarket programs. Within Space and Defense, we had higher orders across our satellite and launch vehicle programs, as well as for defense component programs. These were partially offset by the timing of orders in various Military Aircraft programs.

 SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 Operating profit, as presented below, is net sales less cost of sales and other operating expenses, excluding interest expense, equity-based compensation expense, non-service pension expense and other corporate expenses. Cost of sales and other operating expenses are directly identifiable to the respective segment or allocated on the basis of sales, headcount or profit. Operating profit is reconciled to earnings before income taxes in Note 22 - Segments, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.

 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 1,113
 $
 1,018
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating profit

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating margin

 11.8
 %
 12.5
 %
 10.1
 %

 Space and Defense net sales increased in 2025 compared to 2024, reflecting broad-based defense demand. Higher demand for components for both satellites and defense applications, including missiles, was partially offset by timing of activity on spacecraft vehicles and turrets.

 Operating margin decreased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by the benefit from the Employee Retention Credit associated with the CARES Act in 2024 and expenses associated with the settlement of a legal dispute in 2025, partially offset by profitable sales growth.

 Space and Defense net sales increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by strong, broad-based demand for defense applications. Higher U.S. demand for our component products, the ramp of new defense pursuits serving European needs and higher demand for launch vehicle and satellite components increased sales. These were partially offset by lower activity across our space vehicle programs.

 Operating margin increased in 2024 compared to 2023 driven by strong operational performance, including improved performance on our space vehicle programs, the benefits from our pricing initiatives and the one-time benefit from the Employee Retention Credit associated with the CARES Act.

 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating profit

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating margin

 11.1
 %
 10.5
 %
 8.4
 %

 Military Aircraft net sales increased in 2025 compared to 2024. Sales increased in military OEM programs $63 million, driven by the ramp-up of activity on the MV-75 program and new production programs. Military aftermarket sales increased $14 million, driven primarily by fleet readiness activities.

 Operating margin increased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by stronger business performance and pricing, which was partially offset by the benefit from the Employee Retention Credit and the gain from the sale of a mature product line in 2024.

 Military Aircraft net sales increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by growth on development and new production aircraft. Sales increased $88 million in military OEM programs, driven by the ramp-up of activity on the MV-75 program and other OEM production programs. Military aftermarket sales increased $3 million.

 Operating margin increased in 2024 compared to 2023, driven by the benefits of cost absorption from having a full year of activity on the MV-75 program, a reduction in research and development expenses and the benefit from the Employee Retention Credit. Partially offsetting these benefits were higher impairment, restructuring and other charges in 2024.

 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating profit

 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Operating margin

 12.4
 %
 12.5
 %
 12.9
 %

 Commercial Aircraft net sales increased in 2025 compared to 2024. Commercial aftermarket sales increased $68 million, driven largely by strong fleet utilization on the 787 and A350 programs. Commercial OEM sales increased $48 million, as we experienced growth from production ramps on widebody programs.

 Operating margin decreased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by pressure associated with tariffs, offset by the sale of a non-core product line as part of our portfolio shaping activities.

 Commercial Aircraft net sales increased in 2024 compared to 2023. Commercial OEM sales increased $93 million, as we experienced growth from production ramps on widebody, narrowbody and business jet programs. Commercial aftermarket sales increased $29 million, driven by higher levels of spares for initial provisioning and higher repair volumes.

 Operating margin decreased in 2024 compared to 2023. The absence of favorable aftermarket retrofit activity and the sale of a non-core product line as part of our portfolio shaping activities in 2023 were partially offset by the recovering OEM production volume in 2024.

 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 $
 $
 $
 (36)
 (4
 %)
 $
 %

 Operating profit
 $
 $
 $
 $
 %
 $
 (8)
 (8
 %)

 Operating margin
 11.3
 %
 9.4
 %
 10.3
 %

 Industrial net sales decreased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by divestitures, primarily within industrial automation, and lower sales for flight simulation systems and test products. These were partially offset by market share gains for medical devices.

 Operating margin increased in 2025 compared to 2024 due to the benefits of our ongoing simplification initiatives, as well as prior year charges related to those initiatives. These were partially offset by the benefit from the Employee Retention Credit in 2024.

 Industrial net sales increased in 2024 compared to 2023. Sales increased in our simulation and test market, driven by higher demand for flight simulation systems and test products. Sales also increased in our energy market. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in our industrial automation market, reflecting a slowdown in orders.

 Operating margin decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 due to higher amounts of simplification charges, partially offset by the benefits from our pricing initiatives. In 2024 we incurred impairment, restructuring and inventory write-down charges of $32 million. In 2023, we incurred impairment, restructuring, inventory write-down and other charges of $21 million, partially offset by a $10 million gain related to the sales of three buildings.

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Net cash provided (used) by:

 Operating activities
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 Investing activities
 (175)
 (156)
 (167)
 (20)

 Financing activities
 (98)
 (48)
 (23)
 (50)
 (25)

 Operating activities
 Net cash provided by operating activities increased in 2025 compared to 2024. Customer advances provided $123 million more cash, as we secured customer advances on multiple defense programs. Inventories used $80 million less cash, as the growth of inventories slowed in Military Aircraft and Commercial Aircraft. These were partially offset by accounts receivable, which used $123 million more cash, primarily in Commercial Aircraft, driven by the timing of collections.

 Net cash provided by operating activities increased in 2024 compared to 2023. Billed and unbilled receivables provided $90 million more cash, driven by better collections and the expansion of our receivables financing program. Also, net earnings increased. Partially offsetting these sources of cash was customer advances, which used $81 million more cash as we worked down advances across all our segments.
 Investing activities
 Net cash used by investing activities in 2025 included $145 million of capital expenditures and $41 million associated with the acquisition of COTSWORKS, which were partially offset by $13 million of proceeds from the sales of businesses.

 Net cash used by investing activities in 2024 included $152 million of capital expenditures. Net cash used by investing activities in 2024 also included $6 million associated with the acquisition of DCL.

 Net cash used by investing activities in 2023 included $177 million of capital expenditures, including a $28 million building purchase. Also, 2023 included $22 million of proceeds from the sales of buildings and businesses.
 Financing activities
 Net cash used by financing activities in 2025 included a use of cash of $100 million for shares under the repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors and $36 million for dividend payments. These were partially offset by $70 million of net borrowings on our credit facilities.

 Net cash used by financing activities in 2024 included $35 million for dividend payments. Partially offsetting the dividend payments were $9 million of net borrowings on our credit facilities.

 Net cash used by financing activities in 2023 included $34 million for dividend payments. Partially offsetting the dividend payments were $26 million of net borrowings on our credit facilities.

 General
 Cash flows from our operations, together with our various financing arrangements, fund on-going activities, debt service requirements, organic growth, acquisition opportunities and the ability to return capital to shareholders. We believe these sources of funding will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter.
 At September 27, 2025, our cash balances were $62 million, the majority of which is held outside of the U.S. by foreign operations. We regularly assess our cash needs, including repatriation of foreign earnings which may be subject to regulatory approvals and withholding taxes, where applicable by law.
 Financing Arrangements
 In addition to operations, our capital resources include bank credit facilities and an accounts receivable financing program to fund our short and long-term capital requirements. We continuously evaluate various forms of financing to improve our liquidity and position ourselves for future opportunities, which from time to time, may result in selling debt and equity securities to fund acquisitions or take advantage of favorable market conditions.
 We are generally not required to obtain the consent of lenders of the U.S. revolving credit facility before raising significant additional debt financing; however, certain limitations and conditions may apply that would require consent to be obtained. We have demonstrated our ability to secure consents to access debt markets. We have also been successful in accessing equity markets from time to time. We believe that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing as needed.
 In the normal course of business, we are exposed to interest rate risk from our long-term debt. To manage these risks, we may enter into derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps which are used to adjust the proportion of total debt that is subject to variable and fixed interest rates.
 Our U.S. revolving credit facility, which matures on October 27, 2027, has a capacity of $1.1 billion and also provides an expansion option, which permits us to request an increase of up to $400 million to the credit facility upon satisfaction of certain conditions. The weighted-average interest rate on the outstanding credit facility borrowings was 5.80% and is based on SOFR plus the applicable margin, which was 1.60% at September 27, 2025. On May 30, 2025, we amended and restated our loan agreement to include a $250 million term loan with installment payments of $3 million in 2026, $9 million in 2027 and the remaining balance on the maturity date of October 27, 2027. Additional principal payments may be required under certain conditions. The proceeds of the term loan were used to pay down the outstanding revolver borrowings of the U.S. revolving credit facility. The interest rate on the term loan borrowings was 5.90% and is based on SOFR plus the applicable margin, which was 1.60% at September 27, 2025.
 The loan agreement for the U.S. revolving credit facility and term loan contains various covenants. The minimum for the interest coverage ratio, defined as the ratio of EBITDA to interest expense for the most recent four quarters, is 3.0. The maximum for the leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of net debt to EBITDA for the most recent four quarters, is 4.0. EBITDA is defined in the loan agreement as (i) the sum of net income, interest expense, income taxes, depreciation expense, amortization expense, other non-cash items reducing consolidated net income and non-cash equity-based compensation expenses minus (ii) other non-cash items increasing consolidated net income.
 The SECT has a revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of $25 million, maturing on October 26, 2026. Interest was 6.36% as of September 27, 2025 and is based on SOFR plus a margin of 2.23%.
 We have $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.25% senior notes due December 15, 2027 with interest paid semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The senior notes are unsecured obligations, guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries and contain normal incurrence-based covenants and limitations such as the ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends, make other restricted payments and investments, create liens and certain corporate acts such as mergers and consolidations.
 At September 27, 2025, we had $925 million of unused capacity, including $901 million from the U.S. revolving credit facility after considering standby letters of credit and other limitations.
 Our Receivables Purchase Agreement, which matures on December 11, 2026, allows the Receivables Subsidiary to sell receivables to the Purchasers in amounts up to a $125 million limit so long as certain conditions are satisfied. The receivables are sold to the Purchasers in consideration for the Purchasers making payments of cash. Each Purchaser's share of capital accrues yield at a variable rate plus an applicable margin, which totaled 5.21% as of September 27, 2025.

 We are in compliance with all covenants under each of our financing arrangements. See Note 4 - Receivables and Note 10 - Indebtedness, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for additional details regarding our financing arrangements.
 Dividends and Common Stock
 We believe we can create long term value for our shareholders by continuing to invest in our business through both capital expenditures as well as investments in new market opportunities. We will also continue exploring opportunities to make strategic acquisitions and return capital to shareholders.
 We are currently paying quarterly cash dividends on our Class A and Class B common stock and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. See the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity and Cash Flows, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for additional details regarding our financing arrangements.
 The Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program that permits repurchases for both Class A and Class B common stock, and allows us to buy up to an aggregate 3 million common shares. There are approximately 1.7 million common shares remaining under this authorization. See the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity and Cash Flows, of Part II, Item 8, Financial Information and Part II, Item 5, Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities, of this report for additional details.
 Today, we believe we can create long term value for our shareholders by continuing to invest in our business through both capital expenditures as well as investments in new market opportunities. We will also continue exploring opportunities to make strategic acquisitions and return capital to shareholders.
 Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
 We do not have any material off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
 For further information on our contractual obligations and commitments as of September 27, 2025, see the notes referenced below, of Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report.
 Right-of-use lease liabilities - See Note 7 - Leases, for details on obligations and timing of expected future payments, including a five-year maturity schedule.
 Debt Obligations and Interest Payments - See Note 10 - Indebtedness, for details of our debt and timing of expected future principal and interest payments. Our current and long-term interest obligation on fixed-rate debt is $21 million and $26 million, respectively. Interest on variable-rate long-term debt, assuming the rate and outstanding balances do not change from those at September 27, 2025, would be approximately $28 million annually.
 Employee Benefit Plans - See Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans, for details on our obligations and timing of expected future payments under these plans. In 2026, we anticipate making contributions to defined benefit pension plans of $10 million, of which approximately $6 million is for a non-qualified U.S. plan. We are unable to determine minimum funding requirements beyond 2025. We have made no discretionary incremental contributions to our defined benefit plans in excess of minimum funding requirements. We do not plan to make additional contributions for the foreseeable future.
 Income Taxes - We are unable to determine or estimate any potential changes to unrecognized tax benefits. See Note 16 - Income Taxes, for additional details of tax obligations.
 Commitments - See Note 23 - Commitments and Contingencies, for additional details.

 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND MARKET TRENDS
 We operate within the aerospace and defense and industrial markets. A common factor throughout our markets is the continuing demand for technologically advanced products.
 Our aerospace and defense businesses represented 75% of our 2025 sales. Our defense market, which represented 52% of our 2025 sales, is directly affected by defense funding levels and product demand, which have recently increased. Our commercial aircraft market, which represented 23% of our 2025 sales, is aligning with our customers' current plans. Within our various industrial markets, which represented 25% of our 2025 sales, our customers are affected by a broad range of factors.
 Aerospace and Defense
 Within aerospace and defense, we serve three end markets: defense, commercial aircraft and space.
 The defense market is dependent on military spending for development and production programs. We have a growing development program order book for future generation aircraft and turret programs, and we strive to embed our technologies within these high-performance military programs of the future, including the Textron Bell MV-75. Aircraft production programs are typically long-term in nature, offering predictable capacity needs and future revenues. We maintain positions on numerous high priority programs, including the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. The large installed base of our products leads to attractive aftermarket sales and service opportunities. The tactical and strategic missile, missile defense and defense vehicle controls markets are dependent on many of the same market conditions as military aircraft, including overall military spending and program funding levels. At times when there are perceived threats to national security, U.S. and European defense spending can increase; at other times, defense spending can decrease. Future levels of defense spending have increased in the near-term given the current global tensions, and are subject to governmental approvals.
 The commercial OEM aircraft market depends on a number of factors, including both the increasing global demand for air travel and increasing fuel prices. Both factors contributed to the demand for new, more fuel-efficient aircraft with lower operating costs that led to large production backlogs for Boeing and Airbus. Boeing and Airbus are producing widebody aircraft at rates to support their projected demand while working through their current supply-chain constraints. Any adjustments to their production rates affect the timing of the demand for our flight control systems.
 The commercial aftermarket is driven by usage and the age of the existing aircraft fleet for passenger and cargo aircraft, which drives the need for maintenance and repairs. We have seen higher demand levels for our maintenance services and spare parts due to the increased number of flight hours across existing fleets.
 The space market is comprised of three customer markets: civil, U.S. defense and commercial space. The civil market, namely NASA, is driven by investment for exploration activities. The U.S. defense market is driven by government-authorized levels of defense spending, including funding for defense-related satellite and space vehicle technologies. Levels of U.S. defense spending could increase as there is growing emphasis on space as the next frontier of potential future conflicts. The commercial space market is driven by demand for small satellites, which increases the demand for increased launch vehicle capacity. Our launch vehicle and satellite components and systems will continue to benefit from increased investments in each of these markets.
 Within industrial, we serve two end markets: industrial and medical. The industrial market consists of industrial automation products, simulation and test products and energy generation and exploration products. The medical market consists of medical devices and medical component products.
 The industrial market we serve with our industrial automation products is influenced by several factors including capital investment levels, the pace of product and technology innovation, economic conditions and cost-reduction efforts. A portion of our industrial automation customers serve the automotive market as well as the data center cooling market.
 Our simulation and test products operate in markets that are largely affected by the same factors as our commercial aircraft market. Demand for our flight simulation systems will match the airline training market and the change in domestic and foreign flight hours.
 Our energy generation and exploration products operate in a market that is influenced by changing oil and natural gas prices, global urbanization and the resulting change in supply and demand for global energy. Drivers for global energy growth include investments in power generation infrastructure and exploration of new oil and gas resources.

 The medical market we serve, in general, is influenced by economic conditions, regulatory environments, hospital and outpatient clinic spending on equipment, population demographics, medical advances, patient demands and the need for precision control components and systems. Advances in medical technology and treatments have resulted in the greater need for medical services, which drive the demand for our medical devices and medical component offerings.
 Foreign Currencies
 We are affected by the movement of foreign currencies compared to the U.S. dollar. About one-sixth of our 2025 sales were denominated in foreign currencies. During 2025, average foreign currency rates generally strengthened against the U.S. dollar compared to 2024. The translation of the results of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars increased sales by $5 million compared to one year ago. During 2024, average foreign currency rates generally weakened against the U.S. dollar compared to 2023. The translation of the results of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars decreased 2024 sales by $4 million compared to 2023.

 RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this report for further information regarding Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU").

 Item 7A.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

 In the normal course of business, we are exposed to interest rate risk from our long-term debt, receivables sold under the Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "RPA") and foreign exchange rate risk related to our foreign operations and foreign currency transactions. To manage these risks, we may enter into derivative instruments such as foreign currency contracts or interest rate swaps. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. In 2025, our derivative instruments consisted of foreign currency contracts.
 At September 27, 2025, we had $446 million of borrowings subject to variable interest rates. At September 27, 2025, we had no outstanding interest rate swaps. During 2025, our average borrowings subject to variable interest rates were $664 million and, therefore, if interest rates had been one percentage point higher during 2025, our interest expense would have been $7 million higher.
 At September 27, 2025, we had $125 million of receivables sold under the RPA subject to variable interest rates. During 2025, our average receivables sold under the RPA subject to variable interest rates were $125 million and, therefore, if interest rates had been one percentage point higher during 2025, our interest expense would have been $1 million higher.
 We also enter into forward contracts to reduce fluctuations in foreign currency cash flows related to third party purchases and revenue, intercompany product shipments and to reduce exposure on intercompany balances that are denominated in foreign currencies. We have foreign currency contracts with notional amounts of $196 million outstanding at September 27, 2025 that mature at various times through December 23, 2026. These include notional amounts of $174 million outstanding where the U.S. dollar is one side of the trade. The net fair value of all of our foreign currency contracts involving the U.S. dollar was a $1 million net asset at September 27, 2025. A hypothetical 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar against all currencies would decrease the fair value of our foreign currency contracts at September 27, 2025 by approximately $18 million, while a hypothetical 10% decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against all currencies would increase the fair value of our foreign currency contracts at September 27, 2025 by approximately $22 million. It is important to note that gains and losses indicated in the sensitivity analysis would often be offset by gains and losses on the underlying receivables and payables.
 Although the majority of our sales, expenses and cash flows are transacted in U.S. dollars, we have exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates such as the Euro and British pound. If average annual foreign exchange rates collectively weakened or strengthened against the U.S. dollar by 10%, our net earnings in 2025 would have decreased or increased by $12 million from foreign currency translation. This sensitivity analysis assumed that each exchange rate would change in the same direction relative to the U.S. dollar and excludes the potential effects that changes in foreign currency exchange rates may have on actual transactions.

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 Consolidated Statements of Earnings

 $
 $
 $

 2,794,802
 2,589,525
 2,414,090

 8,474
 7,027
 4,345

 1,057,348
 1,012,408
 897,755

 93,671
 112,773
 106,551

 553,968
 501,253
 474,937

 72,075
 66,330
 59,838

 5,374
 22,149
 14,628

 10,015
 23,788
 7,997

 —
 —

 —

 —
 —

 Other
 9,597
 17,348
 8,872

 312,648
 269,746
 221,520

 77,620
 60,960
 46,364

 $
 235,028
 $
 $

 Basic
 $
 7.42
 $
 6.53
 $
 5.50

 $
 7.33
 $
 6.45
 $
 5.47

 Weighted average common shares outstanding

 Basic
 31,680,280
 31,954,689
 31,831,687

 32,082,601
 32,359,338
 32,044,226

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

2025
2024
 September 30,
2023

 $
 235,028
 $
 $

 20,908
 44,955
 41,547

 23,978
 6,315
 11,626

 3,269

 45,093
 56,442

 $
 280,121
 $
 260,574
 $
 231,598

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 (dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 $
 62,013
 $
 61,694

 506,768
 419,971

 744,352
 690,572

 914,302
 862,541

 142,345
 87,745

 2,369,980
 2,122,646

 1,019,906
 928,588

 52,799
 52,591

 842,313
 833,764

 66,101
 63,479

 22,459
 23,884

 52,497
 52,695

 $
 4,426,055
 $

 Current installments of long-term debt
 $
 1,563
 $
 —

 318,402
 293,888

 106,040
 104,027

 372,988
 302,126

 320,075
 313,373

 1,119,068
 1,013,414

 944,123
 874,139

 157,218
 167,161

 32,600
 27,652

 180,491
 166,464

 2,433,500
 2,248,830

 Common stock - par value $1.00

 Class A - Authorized 100,000,000 shares
 43,864

 Issued 43,863,458 and outstanding 28,424,853 shares at September 27, 2025

 Issued 43,835,149 and outstanding 28,776,489 shares at September 28, 2024

 Class B - Authorized 20,000,000 shares. Convertible to Class A on a one-for-one basis
 7,416
 7,445

 Issued 7,416,255 and outstanding 3,237,452 shares at September 27, 2025

 Issued 7,444,564 and outstanding 3,209,222 shares at September 28, 2024

 839,328

 2,834,548

 ( 1,209,200)

 ( 195,491)

 ( 170,191)

 ( 157,719)

 1,992,555
 1,828,817

 $
 4,426,055
 $

 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

 $
 $
 $

 516,123

 30,614
 8,572
 7,852

 12,714
 11,737
 8,119

 11,491
 155,930
 76,176

 839,328

 2,321,558

 235,028

 Dividends (1)

 ( 36,430)

 2,834,548

 ( 1,047,012)

 Class A and B shares issued related to compensation and acquisitions
 15,537
 12,436
 16,107

 ( 142,497)
 ( 27,033)

 ( 1,209,200)

 ( 73,602)

 32,664

 ( 28,985)
 ( 22,247)
 ( 14,841)

 ( 5,121)
 ( 85,235)
 ( 42,039)

 ( 195,491)

 ( 58,989)

 ( 6,370)
 ( 70,695)
 ( 34,137)

 ( 170,191)

 ( 311,042)

 45,093
 56,442

 ( 157,719)

 $
 1,992,555
 $
 1,828,817
 $
 1,601,757

 (1) Cash dividends were $ 1.15, $ 1.11 and $ 1.07 per share for the fiscal years ended September 27, 2025, September 28, 2024, and September 30, 2023, respectively.

 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, Shares

 (share data)

 COMMON STOCK - CLASS A

 43,835,149
 43,822,344
 43,806,835

 Conversion of Class B to Class A
 28,309
 12,805
 15,509

 43,863,458
 43,835,149
 43,822,344

 COMMON STOCK - CLASS B

 7,444,564
 7,457,369
 7,472,878

 Conversion of Class B to Class A
 ( 28,309)
 ( 12,805)
 ( 15,509)

 7,416,255
 7,444,564
 7,457,369

 TREASURY SHARES - CLASS A COMMON STOCK

 ( 14,633,512)
 ( 14,657,897)
 ( 14,614,444)

 Class A shares issued related to compensation and acquisitions
 136,092
 44,658
 50,057

 Class A shares purchased
 ( 516,037)
 ( 20,273)
 ( 93,510)

 ( 15,013,457)
 ( 14,633,512)
 ( 14,657,897)

 TREASURY SHARES - CLASS B COMMON STOCK

 ( 2,861,088)
 ( 2,896,845)
 ( 3,020,291)

 Class B shares issued related to compensation
 245,499
 254,853
 336,451

 Class B shares purchased
 ( 210,400)
 ( 219,096)
 ( 213,005)

 ( 2,825,989)
 ( 2,861,088)
 ( 2,896,845)

 SECT - CLASS A COMMON STOCK

 ( 425,148)
 ( 425,148)
 ( 425,148)

 SECT - CLASS B COMMON STOCK

 ( 548,084)
 ( 592,128)
 ( 611,942)

 170,034
 183,403
 168,519

 ( 148,594)
 ( 139,359)
 ( 148,705)

 ( 526,644)
 ( 548,084)
 ( 592,128)

 SERP - CLASS B COMMON STOCK

 ( 826,170)
 ( 826,170)
 ( 826,170)

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 $
 235,028
 $
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 94,013
 85,878
 77,763

 9,715
 10,149
 11,541

 ( 6,545)
 ( 29,651)
 ( 34,997)

 16,708

 —
 —

 13,848
 29,176
 18,973

 —

 —
 —

 Other
 4,432
 6,283
 6,244

 ( 87,070)
 35,962
 ( 69,275)

 ( 64,588)
 ( 50,474)
 ( 35,423)

 ( 51,772)
 ( 131,330)
 ( 127,442)

 24,711
 26,446
 28,641

 81,597
 ( 41,717)
 39,448

 3,743
 7,900
 ( 3,185)

 ( 20,214)
 14,502
 23,644

 18,194
 11,791
 13,940

 1,286

 273,086
 197,862
 139,651

 ( 41,179)
 —

 ( 144,731)
 ( 151,995)
 ( 177,309)

 1,627
 1,892

 Net proceeds from buildings sold
 —
 1,453
 19,702

 ( 2,833)
 ( 766)
 ( 11,455)

 ( 175,256)
 ( 155,592)
 ( 167,170)

 1,229,500
 1,038,500
 1,044,101

 ( 1,410,000)
 ( 1,029,500)
 ( 1,017,420)

 Proceeds from long-term debt
 250,000
 —
 —

 Payments on long-term debt
 —
 —
 ( 916)

 ( 10,159)
 ( 6,037)
 ( 4,313)

 ( 36,430)

 19,568
 15,685
 19,785

 ( 142,707)
 ( 29,306)

 32,664

 ( 28,985)
 ( 22,837)
 ( 14,251)

 ( 1,742)
 —
 ( 2,027)

 ( 98,291)
 ( 48,201)
 ( 22,708)

 ( 1,863)
 1,324
 2,043

 ( 2,324)
 ( 4,607)
 ( 48,184)

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year(1)

 117,328

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year (1)

 $
 62,213
 $
 $

 (1) Ending cash balance at September 28, 2024 and beginning cash at September 29, 2024, includes cash related to assets held for sale of $ 2,720.

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued

 Interest paid
 $
 70,977
 $
 65,382
 $
 59,453

 Income taxes paid, net of refunds
 100,347
 78,482
 69,253

 6,289
 5,323
 4,174

 Treasury shares issued as consideration for acquisitions
 20,294
 —
 —

 47,014
 39,383
 64,034

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data)

 Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Moog Inc. and all of our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 Fiscal Year: Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday that is closest to September 30. The consolidated financial statements include 52 weeks for the years ended September 27, 2025, September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023.
 Operating Cycle: Consistent with industry practice, aerospace and defense related inventories, unbilled recoverable costs and profits on over-time contract receivables, customer advances, warranties and contract reserves include amounts relating to contracts having long production and procurement cycles, portions of which are not expected to be realized or settled within one year.
 Foreign Currency Translation: Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries that prepare financial statements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated using rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date and the statements of earnings are translated at the average rates of exchange for each reporting period.
 Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
 Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue from contracts with customers using an over-time, cost-to-cost method of accounting or at the point in time that control transfers to the customer. For additional discussion on revenue recognition, see Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
 Cost of Sales: Includes costs of products and services sold, which include but are not limited to: purchased product, raw material, direct and engineering labor and related benefits, shipping and handling costs, depreciation and amortization, indirect costs and overhead charges.
 Research and Development: Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include salaries, benefits, consulting, material costs, depreciation and amortization.
 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. Such expenses include, but are not limited to advertising, bid and proposal, consulting, depreciation, employee payroll and related benefits, legal and professional costs.
 Government Assistance: We receive various types of government assistance, primary in the form of grants and refundable tax credits. We recognize government assistance when there is reasonable assurance that it will comply with the relevant conditions and the assistance will be received. Government assistance related to property, plant and equipment is recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the related asset, which reduces depreciation expense over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. See Note 4 – Receivables and Note 6 – Property, Plant and Equipment for additional disclosures related to government assistance.
 Equity-Based Compensation: Our equity-based compensation plans allow for various types of equity-based incentive awards. The types and mix of these incentive awards are evaluated on an on-going basis and may vary based on our overall strategy regarding compensation. Equity-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest over the requisite service periods and are based on the fair value of the award measured on the grant date. Vesting requirements vary for directors, officers and key employees. In general, awards granted to officers and key employees principally vest over three years, in equal annual installments for time-based awards and in three years cliff vest for performance-based awards. We have elected to account for forfeitures when the forfeiture of the underlying awards occur. Equity-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents: All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents.
 Restricted Cash: Restricted cash principally represents funds held to satisfy supplemental retirement obligations.
 Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The allowance is determined by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable, current economic conditions and reasonable forecasted financial information that may affect a customer's ability to pay.
 Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined primarily on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of valuation.
 Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Plant and equipment are depreciated principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from 15 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, 5 to 15 years for machinery and equipment and 3 to 10 years for computer equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter.
 Capitalized Interest: The interest cost on certain long term capital projects is capitalized and included in the cost of the project. Capitalization begins with the first expenditure for the project and continues until the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. For the year ended September 27, 2025, we incurred total interest of $ 77,625 and capitalized $ 5,550, into property, plant and equipment. For the year ended September 28, 2024, we incurred total interest of $ 72,154 and capitalized $ 5,824 into property, plant and equipment. For the year ended September 30, 2023, we incurred total interest of $ 63,861 and capitalized $ 4,023 into property, plant and equipment.
 Goodwill: We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is likely to be below its carrying amount. We also test goodwill for impairment when there is a change in reporting units.
 We may elect to perform a qualitative assessment that considers economic, industry and company-specific factors for all or selected reporting units. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative test. We may also elect to perform a quantitative test instead of a qualitative assessment for any or all of our reporting units. We performed a qualitative test for all reporting units in 2025, 2024 and 2023.
 Quantitative testing requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. We typically use the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate and the weighted-average cost of capital. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and any loss must be measured. To determine the amount of the impairment loss, the implied fair value of goodwill is determined by assigning a fair value to all of the reporting unit's assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at fair value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
 There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded in 2025, 2024 or 2023.
 Acquired Intangible Assets: Acquired identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets, including acquired identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. We use undiscounted cash flows to determine whether impairment exists and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows.
 In 2025, we recorded impairment charges on long-lived assets in our Industrial segment related to property and equipment that experienced a decline in value. These charges are included in asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

 In 2024, we initiated restructuring actions in conjunction with exiting a product line within our Military Aircraft segment and simplifying our business operations within our Industrial segment, both of which included the write off of intangible assets. We have recorded these charges based on the expected cash flows over the remaining life of the assets and are included in Restructuring in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
 In 2023, we recorded an impairment charge on long-lived assets, as well as an inventory write-down in our Military Aircraft segment. These charges relate to equipment and inventory that experienced a decline in value due to the U.S. Air Force announcement to retire the KC-10 aerial refueling tanker and retirement of a trade name intangible. We also recorded impairment charges on receivables in our Space and Defense segment associated with an expected cancellation of a contract. In addition, we recorded impairment charges on long-lived assets, as well as an inventory write-down in our Industrial segment as we continue to review and simplify our business operations. These charges are included in asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
 See Note 4 - Receivables, Note 5 - Inventories, Note 6 - Property, Plant and Equipment, Note 7 - Leases and Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets for additional disclosures relating to impairment charges recorded.
 Product Warranties: In the ordinary course of business, we warrant our products against defect in design, materials and workmanship typically over periods ranging from twelve to sixty months. We determine warranty reserves needed by product line based on historical experience and current facts and circumstances.
 Financial Instruments: Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, notes payable, accounts payable, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and foreign currency contracts. The carrying values for our financial instruments approximate fair value with the exception at times of long-term debt. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

 We carry derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, determined by reference to quoted market prices. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, if so, the reason for holding it. Our use of derivative instruments is generally limited to cash flow hedges of certain interest rate risks and minimizing foreign currency exposure on foreign currency transactions, which are typically designated in hedging relationships, and intercompany balances, which are not designated as hedging instruments. Cash flows resulting from forward contracts are accounted for as hedges of identifiable transactions or events and classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.

 Employee Benefit Plans: The measurement date for plan assets and benefit obligations is the month end closest to our fiscal year end.
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

 Standard
 Description
 Financial Statement Effect or Other Significant Matters

 ASU no. 2023-07
 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

 This standard requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments also require disclosure of all other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. Additionally, the amendments require disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The provisions of the standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendment requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.
 We adopted this standard using retrospective application to all prior periods presented.

 Date adopted:
Q4 2025

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 Standard
 Description
 Financial Statement Effect or Other Significant Matters

 ASU no. 2023-09
 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

 This standard expands annual income tax disclosures to require specific categories in the rate reconciliation table to be disclosed using both percentages and reporting currency amounts and requires additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendment requires disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The provisions of the standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted.
 We are currently reviewing the guidance and evaluating the impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.

 Planned date of adoption:
FY 2026

 ASU no. 2024-03
 Income Statement -Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

 This standard requires disclosure of specified information about certain cost and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. This includes disclosure of the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset for each relevant expense caption on the income statement, as well as the total amount of selling expenses. Additionally, the amendments require disclosing a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated. The provisions of the standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.
 We are currently reviewing the guidance and evaluating the impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.

 Planned date of adoption:
FY 2028

 We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU"). ASUs not listed above were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, or had or are expected to have an immaterial impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.
 Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements: During the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 27, 2025, management identified misstatements in previously issued consolidated financial statements and interim consolidated condensed financial statements, impacting prior periods.
 The principal misstatement related to the accounting for distinct long-term aftermarket service contracts with customers in the Commercial Aircraft segment. Specifically, there were inaccurate inputs used in the total costs at completion estimate within the over-time revenue recognition calculation for these contracts that accumulated over several years. Additionally, other unrelated misstatements, including an adjustment for the understatement of certain warranty costs, were also identified.
 We evaluated the nature and magnitude of all identified misstatements to assess the materiality, including quantitative and qualitative considerations and determined that the misstatements were not material, individually or in aggregate, to any previously issued quarterly or annual consolidated financial statements. However, correcting these misstatements entirely in the current period would have been material to our 2025 financial statements. As a result, within this annual report, we have revised our prior period annual consolidated financial statements for 2023 and 2024 and our quarterly consolidated condensed financial statements for 2024 and 2025 to reflect the corrections in the periods in which the misstatements originated.
 Correcting the misstatement related to long-term aftermarket service contracts, which originated prior to 2023, had a cumulative impact that decreased opening Retained earnings as of October 2, 2022 by $ 30,920. The correction of this misstatement also increased Net sales and decreased Cost of sales for the year ended 2023 by $ 436 and $ 2,024, respectively and decreased Net sales and Cost of sales for the year ended 2024 by $ 200 and $ 8,092, respectively.
 Correcting the misstatement related to warranty costs, which originated prior to 2023, had a cumulative impact that decreased opening Retained earnings as of October 2, 2022 by $ 8,400. The correction of this misstatement also increased Cost of sales for the year ended 2023 by $ 300 and decreased Cost of sales for the year ended 2024 by $ 1,200.
 A summary of the corrections and their related impacts on each financial statement line items from our previously issued consolidated financial statements are presented in Note 25 – Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Note 2 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

 We recognize revenue from contracts with customers using the five-step model prescribed in ASC 606. The first step is identifying the contract. The identification of a contract with a customer requires an assessment of each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred, including an evaluation of termination clauses and presently enforceable rights and obligations. Each party's rights and obligations and the associated terms and conditions are typically determined in purchase orders. For sales that are governed by master supply agreements under which provisions define specific program requirements, purchase orders are issued under these agreements to reflect presently enforceable rights and obligations for the units of products and services being purchased.

 Contracts are sometimes modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. When this occurs, we assess the modification as prescribed in ASC 606 and determine whether the existing contract needs to be modified (and revenue cumulatively caught up), whether the existing contract needs to be terminated and a new contract needs to be created, or whether the existing contract remains and a new contract needs to be created. This is determined based on the rights and obligations within the modification as well as the associated transaction price.

 The next step is identifying the performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise to transfer goods or services to a customer that is distinct in the context of the contract, as defined by ASC 606. We identify a performance obligation for each promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. As part of our assessment, we consider all goods and/or services promised in the contract, regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or implied by customary business practices. The products and services in our contracts are typically not distinct from one another due to their complexity and reliance on each other or, in many cases, we provide a significant integration service. Accordingly, many of our contracts are accounted for as one performance obligation. In limited cases, our contracts have more than one distinct performance obligation, which occurs when we perform activities that are not highly complex or interrelated or involve different product life cycles. Warranties are provided on certain contracts, but do not typically provide for services beyond standard assurances and are therefore not distinct performance obligations under ASC 606.

 The third step is determining the transaction price, which represents the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to receive from a customer in exchange for providing the goods or services. There are times when this consideration is variable, for example a volume discount, and must be estimated. Sales, use, value-added, and excise taxes are excluded from the transaction price, where applicable.

 The fourth step is allocating the transaction price. The transaction price must be allocated to the performance obligations identified in the contract based on relative stand-alone selling prices when available, or an estimate for each distinct good or service in the contract when standalone prices are not available. Our contracts with customers generally require payment under normal commercial terms after delivery. Payment terms are typically within 30 to 60 days of delivery. The timing of satisfaction of our performance obligations does not significantly vary from the typical timing of payment.

 The final step is the recognition of revenue. We recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. ASC 606 provides guidance to help determine if we are satisfying the performance obligation at a point in time or over time. In determining when performance obligations are satisfied, we consider factors such as contract terms, payment terms and whether there is an alternative use of the product or service. In essence, we recognize revenue when, or as control of, the promised goods or services transfer to the customer.

 Revenue is recognized using either the over time or point in time method. The over-time method of revenue recognition is predominantly used in Space and Defense, Military Aircraft and Commercial Aircraft. We use this method for U.S. Government contracts and repair and overhaul arrangements as we are creating or enhancing assets that the customer controls as the assets are being created or enhanced. In addition, many of our large commercial contracts qualify for over-time accounting as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Our over-time contracts are primarily firm fixed price.

 Revenue recognized at the point in time control is transferred to the customer is used most frequently in Industrial. We use this method for commercial contracts in which the asset being created has an alternative use. We determine the point in time control transfers to the customer by weighing the five indicators provided by ASC 606 - the entity has a present right to payment; the customer has legal title; the customer has physical possession; the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership; and the customer has accepted the asset. When control has transferred to the customer, profit is generated as cost of sales is recorded and as revenue is recognized. Inventory costs include all product manufacturing costs such as direct material, direct labor, other direct costs and indirect overhead cost allocations. Shipping and handling costs are considered costs to fulfill a contract and not considered performance obligations. They are included in cost of sales as incurred.

 Revenue is recognized over time on contracts using the cost-to-cost method of accounting as work progresses toward completion as determined by the ratio of cumulative costs incurred to date to estimated total contract costs at completion, multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue, less cumulative revenue recognized in prior periods. We believe that cumulative costs incurred to date as a percentage of estimated total contract costs at completion is an appropriate measure of progress toward satisfaction of performance obligations as this measure most accurately depicts the progress of our work and transfer of control to our customers. Changes in estimates affecting sales, costs and profits are recognized in the period in which the change becomes known using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting, resulting in the cumulative effect of changes reflected in the period. Estimates are reviewed and updated quarterly for substantially all contracts. In 2025, we recognized higher revenues of $ 11,640 for adjustments made to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods. In 2024, we recognized lower revenues of $ 9,409 for adjustments made to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods. In 2023, we recognized lower revenues of $ 3,095 for adjustments made to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

 Contract costs include only allocable, allowable and reasonable costs which are included in cost of sales when incurred. For applicable U.S. Government contracts, contract costs are determined in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulations and the related Cost Accounting Standards. The nature of these costs includes development engineering costs and product manufacturing costs such as direct material, direct labor, other direct costs and indirect overhead costs. Contract profit is recorded as a result of the revenue recognized less costs incurred in any reporting period. Variable consideration and contract modifications, such as performance incentives, penalties, contract claims or change orders are considered in estimating revenues, costs and profits when they can be reliably estimated and realization is considered probable. As of September 27, 2025, revenue recognized on contracts for unresolved claims or unapproved contract change orders was not material.

 As of September 27, 2025, we had contract reserves of $ 84,360. For contracts with anticipated losses at completion, a provision for the entire amount of the estimated remaining loss is charged against income in the period in which the loss becomes known. Contract losses are determined considering all direct and indirect contract costs, exclusive of any selling, general or administrative cost allocations that are treated as period expenses. Loss reserves are more common on firm fixed-price contracts that involve, to varying degrees, the design and development of new and unique controls or control systems to meet the customers' specifications. We calculate contract losses at the contract level, versus the performance obligation level. Recall reserves are recorded when additional work is needed on completed products for them to meet contract specifications. Contract-related loss reserves are recorded for the additional work needed on completed and delivered products in order for them to meet contract specifications.

 Contract Assets and Liabilities

 Unbilled receivables (contract assets) primarily represent revenues recognized for performance obligations that have been satisfied but for which amounts have not been billed. Unbilled receivables are classified as current assets and in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long term nature of our contracts.

 Contract advances and progress billings (contract liabilities) relate to payments received from customers in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations for a contract (contract advances) and when billings are in excess of revenue recognized (progress billings). These amounts are recorded as contract liabilities until such obligations are satisfied, either over-time as costs are incurred or at a point when deliveries are made. We do not consider contract advances and progress billings to be significant financing components as the intent of these payments in advance are for reasons other than providing a significant financing benefit and are customary in our industry.

 For contracts recognized using the cost-to-cost method, the amount of unbilled receivables or contract advances and progress billings is determined for each contract to determine the contract asset or contract liability position at the end of each reporting period.
 Unbilled recoverable costs and accrued profits for over-time contracts to be billed to the U.S. Government were $ 12,111 at September 27, 2025 and $ 20,394 at September 28, 2024. Unbilled recoverable costs and accrued profits principally represent revenues recognized on contracts that were not billable on the balance sheet date. These amounts will be billed in accordance with contract terms, generally as certain milestones are reached or upon shipment. Unbilled amounts expected to be collected beyond one year are not material.
 Total contract assets and contract liabilities are as follows:

2025
2024

 $
 744,352
 $
 690,572

 372,988
 302,126

 Net contract assets
 $
 371,364
 $
 388,446

 The decrease in net contract assets primarily reflects the impact of additional unbilled revenues and an increase in contract advances and progress billings during the period. As of September 27, 2025, we recognized $ 235,130 of revenue, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year.

 Remaining Performance Obligations
 As of September 27, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was $ 6,010,000. We expect to recognize approximately 50 % of that amount as sales over the next twelve months and the balance thereafter.

 Disaggregation of Revenue
 See Note 22 - Segments, for disclosures related to disaggregation of revenue.

 Note 3 - Acquisitions, Divestitures and Assets Held for Sale
 Acquisitions

 On July 1, 2025, we acquired COTSWORKS, Inc. ("COTSWORKS"), based in Ohio for a purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $ 61,473, which was paid in cash and the issuance of Moog Class A shares valued at $ 20,294. At September 27, 2025, we have ascribed $ 12,000 of the purchase price to intangible assets. COTSWORKS designs and manufactures rugged optical components and subsystems for harsh environment applications, primarily serving the commercial, military, aerospace and industrial markets. The purchase price allocation is substantially complete, with the exception of income tax assets and liabilities. This operation is included in our Space and Defense segment. The sales and results of COTSWORKS are immaterial in 2025.

 On October 20, 2023, we acquired Data Collection Limited ("DCL") based in Auckland, New Zealand for a purchase price, net of acquired cash, of $ 5,911. DCL specializes in manufacturing and operating pavement surveying equipment and providing innovative solutions for measuring and managing pavements. This operation is included in our Military Aircraft segment. The sales and results of operations of DCL are immaterial in 2025 and 2024.

 Divestitures

 In the fourth quarter of 2024, we recorded losses in Asset impairment and fair value adjustment of $ 14,897, related to selling a motors business in the Czech Republic and a hydraulic systems business in Luxembourg that were included in our Industrial segment. As a result, we have classified $ 9,360 in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $ 5,153 in accrued liabilities and other as held for sale at September 28, 2024. We completed the sale of these businesses on September 30, 2024, which required the release of the associated cumulative translation adjustment. There has been no significant change to the losses recognized as a result of completing the transactions.

 Assets Held for Sale

 As of the third quarter of 2025, we have classified a non-core business within our Space and Defense segment as held for sale. We have classified $ 61,067 in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $ 15,524 in accrued liabilities and other as held for sale. See Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets for additional details.

 Note 4 - Receivables
 Receivables consist of:
2025
2024

 Accounts receivable
 $
 483,872
 $
 388,841

 Government assistance receivables
 5,643
 16,673

 Other
 19,856
 17,530

 Less allowance for credit losses
 ( 2,603)
 ( 3,073)

 $
 506,768
 $
 419,971

 Moog Receivables LLC (the "Receivables Subsidiary"), a wholly owned bankruptcy remote special purpose subsidiary of Moog Inc. (the "Company"), as seller, the Company, as master servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the "Agent") and certain purchasers (collectively, the "Purchasers") entered into the Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the "RPA"). The RPA matures on December 11, 2026 and is subject to customary termination events related to transactions of this type.
 Under the RPA, the Receivables Subsidiary may sell receivables to the Purchasers in amounts up to a $ 125,000 limit. The receivables will be sold to the Purchasers in consideration for the Purchasers making payments of cash, which is referred to as "capital" for purposes of the RPA, to the Receivables Subsidiary in accordance with the terms of the RPA. The Receivables Subsidiary may sell receivables to the Purchasers so long as certain conditions are satisfied, including that, at any date of determination, the aggregate capital paid to the Receivables Subsidiary does not exceed a "capital coverage amount," equal to an adjusted net receivables pool balance minus a required reserve. Each Purchaser's share of capital accrues yield at a variable rate plus an applicable margin.
 The parties intend that the conveyance of receivables to the Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Purchasers will constitute a purchase and sale of receivables and not a pledge for security. The Receivables Subsidiary has guaranteed to each Purchaser and Agent the prompt payment of sold receivables, and to secure the prompt payment and performance of such guaranteed obligations, the Receivables Subsidiary has granted a security interest to the Agent, for the benefit of the Purchasers, in all assets of the Receivables Subsidiary. The assets of the Receivables Subsidiary are not available to pay our creditors or any affiliate thereof. In our capacity as master servicer under the RPA, we are responsible for administering and collecting receivables and have made customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities.
 The proceeds of the RPA are classified as operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Cash received from collections of sold receivables is used by the Receivables Subsidiary to fund additional purchases of receivables on a revolving basis or to return all or any portion of outstanding capital of the Purchaser. Subsequent collections on the pledged receivables, which have not been sold, will be classified as operating cash flows at the time of collection. Total receivables sold and cash collections under the RPA were $ 680,709 for the year ended September 27, 2025. The fair value of the sold receivables approximated book value due to their credit quality and short-term nature, and as a result, no gain or loss on sale of receivables was recorded.
 The amount sold to the Purchasers was $ 125,000 at September 27, 2025, which was derecognized from the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As collateral against sold receivables, the Receivables Subsidiary maintains a certain level of unsold receivables, which was $ 668,021 at September 27, 2025.
 Over-time contract receivables are primarily associated with prime contractors and subcontractors in connection with U.S. Government contracts, as well as commercial aircraft and satellite manufacturers. Amounts billed for over-time contracts to the U.S. Government were $ 1,668 at September 27, 2025 and $ 3,952 at September 28, 2024.
 There are no material amounts of claims or unapproved change orders included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There are no material balances billed but not paid by customers under retainage provisions.
 Concentrations of credit risk on receivables are limited to those from significant customers who are believed to be financially sound. Receivables, both billed and unbilled from Boeing were $ 263,140 at September 27, 2025 and $ 242,096 at September 28, 2024 and receivables, both billed and unbilled from Lockheed Martin were $ 138,246 at September 27, 2025 and $ 122,816 at September 28, 2024. We perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition and generally do not require collateral.

 In 2020 the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economics Security Act (the "CARES Act") to provide relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act provides tax relief, along with other stimulus measures, including a provision for an Employee Retention Credit ("ERC"), which allows employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax equal to 70 % of the qualified wages paid to employees.
 In 2025, an additional $ 3,320 was received for ERC under the CARES Act and was recorded as contra expense to personnel related costs of $ 3,084 to Costs of sales and $ 236 to Selling, general and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
 In 2024, we applied for the ERC under the CARES Act and recorded contra expense to personnel related costs of $ 13,247 to Costs of sales and $ 1,012 to Selling, general and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings in 2024 and is included in Receivables on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 28, 2024.
 We qualify for New York State ("NYS") Excelsior Jobs Program tax credits, which relate to increasing and maintaining employee headcount, amounts of capital investments and research and development spending in NYS. The initial program allows us to receive up to $ 8,500 of refundable tax credits in cash over a nine year period. A second program allows us to receive up to $ 16,400 of refundable tax credits in cash over a ten year period. As long as the annual requirements are met and maintained, we will receive the credits without any clawback provisions. We have recorded the tax credits for the initial program as a contra expense to personnel related costs and research and development in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings for $ 1,956, $ 1,118 and $ 1,118 in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have recorded the tax credits for the second program as a contra expense to personnel related costs in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings for $ 2,509 in 2025. We have $ 3,074 and $ 2,236, recorded as Receivables for the initial program credits on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024, respectively. We have $ 2,509, recorded as Receivables for the second program on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 27, 2025. As of September 27, 2025 we have future tax credits of $ 15,289 that we can receive through 2033, if we maintain the annual requirements.

 The allowance for credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. The allowance is determined by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable, current economic conditions and reasonable forecasted financial information that may affect a customer's ability to pay.

 Note 5 - Inventories
 Inventories, net of reserves, consist of:
2025
2024

 Raw materials and purchased parts
 $
 301,679
 $
 291,969

 Work in progress
 520,315
 488,342

 Finished goods
 92,308
 82,230

 $
 914,302
 $
 862,541

 There are no material inventoried costs relating to over-time contracts where revenue is accounted for using the cost-to-cost method of accounting as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024.
 We have recorded inventory write-downs, primarily as a result of excess and obsolete inventories related to restructuring actions taken to close facilities and transfer remaining production and for the retirement or exiting the business of specific programs. See Note 14 - Restructuring and Note 22 - Segments, for additional disclosures relating to inventory write-downs.

 Note 6 - Property, Plant and Equipment
 Property, plant and equipment consists of:
2025
2024

 Land
 $
 33,872
 $
 32,270

 Buildings and improvements
 737,053
 698,333

 Machinery and equipment
 981,157
 901,643

 Computer equipment and software
 253,924
 237,604

 Property, plant and equipment, at cost
 2,006,006
 1,869,850

 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 ( 986,100)
 ( 941,262)

 $
 1,019,906
 $
 928,588

 In 2025, we recorded $ 2,374 of impairment charges on property and equipment on owned assets that experienced a decline in value, based on expected cash flows over the remaining life of the assets in relation to a decline in the related business in our Industrial segment. In 2024, we recorded $ 806 of impairment charges on equipment no longer in use. In 2023, we recorded $ 5,301 of impairment charges on property and equipment on owned assets that experienced a decline in value, based on expected cash flows over the remaining life of the assets in relation to a decline in the related business in our Industrial segment and from the retirement of a program in our Military Aircraft segment.

 In 2025, we received $ 2,222 in cash from the US Department of Defense for production equipment to be used on existing contracts and for the construction of a training facility. A total of $ 1,105 has been recorded as a reduction of property, plant and equipment in 2025 when the expenditures took place and the remaining $ 1,117 is recorded as an accrued liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will be offset against the capital expenditures when they are incurred.

 In 2024, we received $ 6,243 in cash from NYS for capital expenditures in relation to the remediation of a brownfield at our East Aurora facilities. The credit was recorded as a reduction of property, plant and equipment in 2020 when the expenditures were made and the requirements of the tax credit were fulfilled.

 Note 7 - Leases

 We lease certain manufacturing facilities, office space and machinery and equipment globally. At inception we evaluate whether a contractual arrangement contains a lease. Specifically, we consider whether we control the underlying asset and have the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits or outputs from the asset. If the contractual arrangement contains a lease, we then determine the classification of the lease, operating or finance, using the classification criteria described in ASC 842. We then determine the term of the lease based on terms and conditions of the contractual arrangement, including whether the options to extend or terminate the lease are reasonably certain to be exercised. We have elected to not separate lease components from non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges and instead, account for the lease and non-lease components as a single component.

 Our lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and our lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. The ROU assets and lease liabilities for both operating and finance leases are recognized as of the commencement date at the net present value of the fixed minimum lease payments over the term of the lease including expected buyouts, using the discount rate described below. Variable lease payments are recorded in the period in which the obligation for the payment is incurred. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate as of the commencement date of the lease and included in the fixed minimum lease payments. For short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less as of the commencement date, we do not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability on our balance sheet; we recognize expense as the lease payments are made over the lease term.

 Operating lease cost is included in Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Finance lease cost is included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative and Interest on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

 The discount rate used to calculate the present value of our leases is the rate implicit in the lease. If the information necessary to determine the rate implicit in the lease is not available, we use our incremental borrowing rate for collateralized debt, which is determined using our credit rating and other information available as of the lease commencement date.

 The components of lease expense were as follows:
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Operating lease cost
 $
 32,428
 $
 31,065
 $
 29,982

 Finance lease cost:

 Amortization of right-of-use assets
 $
 10,909
 $
 7,443
 $
 4,380

 Interest on lease liabilities
 7,623
 5,963
 3,247

 Total finance lease cost
 $
 18,532
 $
 13,406
 $
 7,627

 Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

 Operating cash flow for operating leases
 $
 33,495
 $
 31,346
 $
 30,281

 Operating cash flow for finance leases
 7,623
 5,963
 3,247

 Financing cash flow for finance leases
 10,159
 6,037
 4,313

 Assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:

 Operating leases
 13,462
 10,162
 6,014

 Finance leases
 33,552
 29,221
 58,020

 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

 Operating Leases:

 $
 52,799
 $
 52,591

 $
 11,697
 $
 11,124

 52,549
 53,228

 Total operating lease liabilities
 $
 64,246
 $
 64,352

 Finance Leases:

 Property, plant, and equipment, at cost
 $
 157,533
 $
 124,770

 Accumulated depreciation
 ( 27,186)
 ( 17,101)

 Property, plant, and equipment, net
 $
 130,347
 $
 107,669

 $
 14,920
 $
 8,713

 119,155
 101,683

 Total finance lease liabilities
 $
 134,075
 $
 110,396

 Weighted average remaining lease term in years:

 Operating leases
 6.2
 6.2

 Finance leases
 17.6
 20.1

 Weighted average discount rates:

 Operating leases
 5.3
 %
 5.2
 %

 Finance leases
 6.4
 %
 6.4
 %

 Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

 Operating Leases
 Finance Leases

 2026
 $
 14,566
 $
 22,296

 2027
 13,698
 19,885

 2028
 11,571
 20,801

 2029
 10,098
 21,824

 2030
 7,467
 18,678

 Thereafter
 18,132
 143,900

 Total lease payments
 75,532
 247,384

 Less: imputed interest
 ( 11,286)
 ( 113,309)

 Total
 $
 64,246
 $
 134,075

 The operating lease ROU and finance lease disclosures above reflect a write down of $ 2,849 in 2024, as a result of restructuring actions taken to simplify our business operations through facility closures.

 Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
 Space and
Defense
 Total

 Balance at October 1, 2022
 $
 259,407
 $
 106,907
 $
 92,612
 $
 346,394
 $
 805,320

 Adjustments to prior year acquisitions
 —
 —
 —

 4,247
 —
 11,544
 15,859

 Balance at September 30, 2023
 259,475
 111,276
 92,612
 357,938
 821,301

 Acquisition
 —
 2,760
 —
 —
 2,760

 Held for sale
 —
 —
 —
 ( 3,719)
 ( 3,719)

 4,906
 —
 8,440
 13,422

 Balance at September 28, 2024
 259,551
 118,942
 92,612
 362,659
 833,764

 Acquisition
 36,191
 —
 —
 —
 36,191

 Held for sale
 ( 33,000)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 33,000)

 ( 2)
 ( 397)
 —
 5,757
 5,358

 Balance at September 27, 2025
 $
 262,740
 $
 118,545
 $
 92,612
 $
 368,416
 $
 842,313

 Goodwill in our Space and Defense segment is net of a $ 4,800 accumulated impairment loss at September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024. Goodwill in our Medical Devices reporting unit, included in our Industrial segment, is net of a $ 38,200 accumulated impairment loss at September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024.
 The components of intangible assets are as follows:

Life (years)
 Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
 Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated

 Customer-related
 $
 131,967
 $
 ( 100,655)
 $
 130,092
 $
 ( 96,307)

 Technology-related
 77,172
 ( 57,817)
 68,275
 ( 56,236)

 Program-related
 39,799
 ( 26,476)
 39,865
 ( 24,887)

 Marketing-related
 21,387
 ( 19,320)
 22,141
 ( 19,486)

 Other
 1,376
 ( 1,332)
 1,407
 ( 1,385)

 Intangible assets
 $
 271,701
 $
 ( 205,600)
 $
 261,780
 $
 ( 198,301)

 All acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are being amortized. Customer-related intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationships. Technology-related intangible assets primarily consist of technology, patents and intellectual property. Program-related intangible assets consist of long-term programs represented by current contracts and probable follow on work. Marketing-related intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks and trade names.
 In 2024, we recorded charges of $ 2,345 related to restructuring actions in conjunction with exiting product lines within our Industrial and Military Aircraft segments, respectively, both of which included the write off of intangible assets. We have recorded these charges based on the expected cash flows over the remaining life of the assets and are included in Restructuring in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In 2023, we recorded $ 4,409 in impairment charges on long-lived assets in our Industrial and Commercial Aircraft segments. These charges relate to a decline in value with the associated business and the retirement of a trade name intangible and are included as asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
 Amortization of acquired intangible assets is as follows:
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Acquired intangible asset amortization
 $
 9,702
 $
 10,131
 $
 11,514

 Based on acquired intangible assets recorded at September 27, 2025, amortization is estimated to be approximately:
 2026
 2027
 2028
 2029
 2030

 Estimated future amortization of acquired intangible assets
 $
 10,900
 $
 9,900
 $
 9,000
 $
 7,400
 $
 5,300

 Note 9 - Equity Method and Other Investments
 Investments and operating results in which we do not have a controlling interest, however we do have the ability to exercise significant influence over operations are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Net investment balances for equity method investments and joint ventures are included as Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist of:

 Moog Aircraft Service Asia
 $
 2,165
 $
 1,742

 Suffolk Technologies Fund 1, L.P.
 3,113
 1,659

 Net investment balance
 $
 5,278
 $
 3,401

 Income and losses from equity method investments and joint ventures are included in Other in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. In 2025, we recognized income of $ 409. In 2024 and 2023, we recognized losses of $ 226 and $ 62, respectively.
 Moog Aircraft Services Asia ("MASA") is a joint venture included in our Commercial Aircraft segment in which we currently hold a 51 % ownership share. MASA is intended to provide maintenance, repair and overhaul services for our manufactured flight control systems.
 Suffolk Technologies Fund 1, L.P., is a limited partnership included in our Industrial segment that invests in startups to transform the construction, real estate and property maintenance industries in the U.S. We have a remaining on-call capital commitment of up to $ 4,774.
 Hybrid Motion Solutions ("HMS") is a joint venture in our Industrial segment in which we hold a 50 % ownership interest. HMS specializes in hydrostatic servo drives and leverages synergies to enter new markets. The joint venture focuses on research and development, design and assembly as well as service. Our share of cumulative losses to date has exceeded our initial investment, and as such, we had no net investment balance recorded as of September 27, 2025. In addition to the investment, we had a loan to HMS for $ 2,613, which we wrote off during 2023 and is included in Asset Impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
 Investments in, and the operating results of, entities in which we do not have a controlling financial interest or the ability to exercise significant influence over the operations are accounted for at historical cost or fair value using readily determinable financial information. In 2025, we recorded a $ 3,000 impairment for the devaluation of an investment, which is included in Asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In 2024, we recorded an impairment for the devaluation of an investment of $ 5,294, which is included as asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We had investments of $ 1,580 and $ 4,580 as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024, respectively, which are included as Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 Note 10 - Indebtedness
 We maintain short-term line of credit facilities with banks throughout the world that are principally demand lines subject to revision by the banks.
 Long-term debt consists of:
2025
2024

 U.S. revolving credit facility
 $
 195,000
 $
 375,500

 Term loan
 250,000
 —

 SECT revolving credit facility
 1,000
 1,000

 Senior notes 4.25%
 500,000
 500,000

 Senior debt
 946,000
 876,500

 Less deferred debt issuance cost
 ( 314)
 ( 2,361)

 Less current installments
 ( 1,563)
 —

 Long-term debt
 $
 944,123
 $
 874,139

 Our U.S. revolving credit facility, which matures on October 27, 2027, has a capacity of $ 1,100,000 and provides an expansion option, which permits us to request an increase of up to $ 400,000 to the credit facility upon satisfaction of certain conditions. The weighted-average interest rate on the outstanding U.S revolving credit facility borrowings is 5.80 % and is based on SOFR plus the applicable margin, which was 1.60 % at September 27, 2025. On May 30, 2025, we amended and restated our loan agreement to include a $ 250,000 term loan, with installment payments of $ 3,125 in 2026, $ 9,375 in 2027 and the remaining balance on the maturity date of October 27, 2027. Additional principal payments may be required under certain conditions. The proceeds of the term loan were used to pay down outstanding revolver borrowings of the U.S. revolving credit facility. The interest rate on the term loan borrowings was 5.90 % and is based on SOFR plus the applicable margin, which was 1.60 % at September 27, 2025. The U.S. revolving credit facility and term loan are secured by substantially all of our U.S. assets and contain various covenants which, among others, specify interest coverage and maximum leverage. We are in compliance with all covenants.
 On November 6, 2024, the SECT amended the revolving credit facility, which reduced the borrowing capacity from $ 35,000 to $ 25,000 and extended the maturity date from October 26, 2025 to October 26, 2026. Interest is based on SOFR plus an applicable margin of 2.23 %. A commitment fee is also charged based on a percentage of the unused amounts available and is not material.
 We have $ 500,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.25 % senior notes due December 15, 2027 with interest paid semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The senior notes are unsecured obligations, guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain subsidiaries and contain normal incurrence-based covenants and limitations such as the ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends, make other restricted payments and investments, create liens and certain corporate acts such as mergers and consolidations. We are in compliance with all covenants. The effective interest rate for these notes after considering the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs is 4.60 %.
 Maturities of long-term debt are:
 2026
 2027
 2028
 2029
 2030
 Thereafter

 Long-term debt maturities
 $
 3,125
 $
 10,375
 $
 932,500
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 At September 27, 2025, we had pledged assets with a net book value of $ 2,163,282 as security for long-term debt.
 At September 27, 2025, we had $ 925,388 of unused short and long-term borrowing capacity, including $ 900,721 from the U.S. revolving credit facility.
 Commitment fees are charged on some of these arrangements and on the U.S. revolving credit facility based on a percentage of the unused amounts available and are not material.

 Note 11 - Other Accrued Liabilities
 Other accrued liabilities consists of:

 Employee benefits
 $
 57,019
 $
 55,032

 Contract reserves
 84,360
 81,180

 Warranty accrual
 23,892
 23,548

 30,392
 51,058

 Other
 124,412
 102,555

 Other accrued liabilities
 $
 320,075
 $
 313,373

 Activity in the warranty accrual is summarized as follows:
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Warranty accrual at beginning of period
 $
 23,548
 $
 22,939
 $
 23,072

 Warranties issued during current period
 8,060
 9,953
 11,227

 Adjustments to pre-existing warranties
 ( 2,824)
 ( 1,830)
 ( 350)

 Reductions for settling warranties
 ( 4,997)
 ( 7,817)
 ( 11,264)

 Divestiture and held for sale adjustment
 —
 ( 33)
 —

 Warranty accrual at end of period
 $
 23,892
 $
 23,548
 $
 22,939

 Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments
 We principally use derivative financial instruments to manage foreign exchange risk related to foreign operations and foreign currency transactions. We enter into derivative financial instruments with a number of major financial institutions to minimize counterparty credit risk.
 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 We use foreign currency contracts as cash flow hedges to effectively fix the exchange rates on future payments and revenue. To mitigate exposure in movements between various currencies, including the Philippine peso, we had outstanding foreign currency contracts with notional amounts of $ 35,620 at September 27, 2025. These contracts mature at various times through December 23, 2026.
 Foreign currency contracts are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and the related gains or losses are deferred in Shareholders' Equity as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCIL"). These deferred gains and losses are reclassified into the Consolidated Statements of Earnings, as necessary, during the periods in which the related payments or receipts affect earnings. However, to the extent the foreign currency contracts are not perfectly effective in offsetting the change in the value of the payments and revenue being hedged, the ineffective portion of these contracts is recognized in earnings immediately. Ineffectiveness was not material in 2025, 2024 or 2023.
 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 We also have foreign currency exposure on balances, primarily intercompany, that are denominated in a foreign currency and are adjusted to current values using period-end exchange rates. The resulting gains or losses are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. To minimize foreign currency exposure, we have foreign currency contracts with notional amounts of $ 160,659 at September 27, 2025. The foreign currency contracts are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and resulting gains or losses are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. We recorded the following gains and losses on foreign currency contracts which are included in other income or expense and generally offset the gains or losses from the foreign currency adjustments on the intercompany balances that are also included in other income or expense:

 Statements of Earnings location
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Net gain

 Other
 $
 2,211
 $
 5,121
 $
 2,781

 Summary of derivatives
 The fair value and classification of derivatives is summarized as follows:
 Balance Sheets location

 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:

 Other current assets
 $
 $
 —

 —

 Total asset derivatives
 $
 $
 —

 —

 Total liability derivatives
 $
 $
 —

 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

 Other current assets
 $
 —
 $

 $
 1,502
 $

 Note 13 - Fair Value
 Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, various techniques and assumptions can be used to estimate fair value. The definition of the fair value hierarchy is as follows:
 Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.
 Level 3 – Inputs for which significant valuation assumptions are unobservable in a market and therefore value is based on the best available data, some of which is internally developed and considers risk premiums that a market participant would require.
 Our derivatives are valued using various pricing models or discounted cash flow analyses that incorporate observable market data, such as interest rate yield curves and currency rates, and are classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.
 The following table presents the fair values and classification of our financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis, all of which are classified as Level 2, except for the acquisition contingent consideration, which is classified as Level 3:

 Balance Sheets location

 Other current assets
 $
 $

 —

 $
 $

 $
 1,502
 $

 —

 Acquisition contingent consideration
 2,839

 $
 1,983
 $
 2,867

 The changes in financial liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

 Statements of Earnings location

 Balance at beginning of period
 $
 2,839
 $
 3,089

 Increase in discounted future cash flows
 Interest expense
 —

 Increase (decrease) in earn out provisions
 Other
 ( 487)

 Settlements paid in cash
 ( 2,442)
 —

 Balance at end of period
 $
 $
 2,839

 Our only financial instrument for which the carrying value differs from its fair value is long-term debt. At September 27, 2025, the fair value of long-term debt was $ 932,570 compared to its carrying value of $ 946,000. The fair value of long-term debt is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and was estimated based on quoted market prices.

 Note 14 - Restructuring
 In 2024, we initiated restructuring actions in relation to portfolio shaping activities. These actions have and will result in workforce reductions, principally in the U.S.and Europe. Total restructuring charges in 2024 include $ 11,096 for severance, $ 8,275 of non-cash charges related to intangibles, receivables, ROU assets and property and equipment written off and $ 4,417 for other costs.
 In 2023, we initiated restructuring actions in relation to portfolio shaping activities. These actions have and will result in workforce reductions, principally in the U.S. and Europe. The 2023 restructuring charge consists of $ 6,905 for severance and $ 1,092 for facility closure and other costs. The 2023 plan has elements, primarily retention agreements, that will continue through 2027 and could result in additional costs of up to approximately $ 3,400.
 Restructuring activity for severance and other costs by segment and reconciliation to consolidated amounts is as follows:

 Total

 Balance at October 1, 2022
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 6,678
 $
 7,135

 Charged to expense - 2023 plan
 2,308
 —
 5,808
 8,574

 Adjustments to provision
 ( 37)
 ( 15)
 —
 ( 525)
 ( 577)

 Cash payments - 2023 plan
 ( 678)
 ( 95)
 —
 ( 1,450)
 ( 2,223)

 Cash payments - 2022 plan
 ( 190)
 ( 229)
 —
 ( 1885)
 ( 2,304)

 Cash payments - 2020 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 372)
 ( 372)

 Cash payments - 2018 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 359)
 ( 359)

 ( 9)
 ( 1)
 —

 Balance at October 1, 2023
 1,622
 —
 8,208
 10,177

 Charged to expense - 2024 plan
 6,307
 3,973
 1,237
 10,282
 21,799

 Charged to expense - 2023 plan
 —
 —
 —
 3,766
 3,766

 Non-cash charges - 2024 plan
 ( 4,907)
 ( 733)
 —
 ( 2,635)
 ( 8,275)

 Adjustments to provision
 ( 178)
 ( 139)
 —
 ( 1,638)
 ( 1,955)

 Cash payments - 2024 plan
 —
 ( 2,616)
 ( 477)
 ( 3,740)
 ( 6,833)

 Cash payments - 2023 plan
 ( 1444)
 ( 208)
 —
 ( 4,014)
 ( 5,666)

 Cash payments - 2022 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 464)
 ( 464)

 Cash payments - 2020 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 485)
 ( 485)

 Cash payments - 2018 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 399)
 ( 399)

 —
 —
 —

 Balance at September 28, 2024
 1,400
 9,394
 12,178

 Charged to expense - 2024 plan
 2,046
 —
 —
 5,997
 8,043

 Charged to expense - 2023 plan
 —
 —
 —
 1,972
 1,972

 Non-cash charges - 2024 plan
 ( 448)
 —
 —
 ( 732)
 ( 1,180)

 Adjustments to provision
 —
 —
 —
 ( 697)
 ( 697)

 Cash payments - 2024 plan
 ( 871)
 ( 624)
 ( 760)
 ( 7,953)
 ( 10,208)

 Cash payments - 2023 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 1,277)
 ( 1,277)

 Cash payments - 2022 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 32)
 ( 32)

 Cash payments - 2020 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 170)
 ( 170)

 Cash payments - 2018 plan
 —
 —
 —
 ( 400)
 ( 400)

 —
 —

 Balance at September 27, 2025
 $
 2,298
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 6,531
 $
 8,829

 As of September 27, 2025, the restructuring accrual consists $ 3,240 for the 2024 plan, $ 4,903 for the 2023 plan, $ 192 for the 2022 plan, $ 20 for the 2020 plan and $ 474 for the 2018 plan. Restructuring is expected to be paid within a year, except portions classified as long-term liabilities based on the nature of the reserve and the timing of the expected payments.

 Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans
 We maintain multiple employee benefit plans, covering employees at certain locations.
 Our qualified U.S. defined benefit pension plan is not open to new entrants. New employees are not eligible to participate in the pension plan. Instead, we make contributions for those employees to an employee-directed investment fund in the Moog Inc. Retirement Savings Plan ("RSP"), which consists of two defined contribution options, the RSP and the RSP(+). Effective January 1, 2020, all employees hired prior to January 1, 2019 are eligible to either participate in the new RSP(+) or remain in the existing RSP. All employees hired after January 1, 2019 are automatically enrolled in the new RSP(+). The Company's contributions to both the RSP and RSP(+) are based on a percentage of the employee's eligible compensation and age and are in addition to the employer match on voluntary employee contributions.
 The RSP and RSP(+) includes an employee stock ownership feature. As one of the investment alternatives, participants in the RSP and RSP(+) can acquire our stock at market value. Shares are allocated and compensation expense is recognized as the employer share match is earned. At September 27, 2025, the participants in the RSP and RSP(+) owned 1,778,645 Class B shares.
 Expense for all defined contribution plans consists of:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 U.S. defined contribution plans
 $
 50,900
 $
 51,456
 $
 45,868

 Non-U.S. defined contribution plans
 10,699
 9,993
 8,650

 Total expense for defined contribution plans
 $
 61,599
 $
 61,449
 $
 54,518

 The changes in projected benefit obligations and plan assets and the funded status of the U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit plans are as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2025
 2024

 Change in projected benefit obligation:

 Projected benefit obligation at prior year measurement date
 $
 575,426
 $
 494,876
 $
 151,637
 $
 130,174

 Service cost
 9,881
 10,775
 3,087
 2,580

 Interest cost
 26,897
 27,891
 5,307
 5,720

 Contributions by plan participants
 —
 —

 Actuarial (gains) losses
 ( 25,562)
 62,473
 ( 8,581)
 12,198

 Foreign currency exchange impact
 —
 —
 3,134
 7,737

 Benefits paid
 ( 22,803)
 ( 19,313)
 ( 7,016)
 ( 6,125)

 Curtailments
 —
 —
 —
 ( 32)

 Settlements
 —
 —
 ( 892)
 ( 565)

 Other
 ( 842)
 ( 1,276)
 ( 130)
 ( 220)

 Projected benefit obligation at measurement date
 $
 562,997
 $
 575,426
 $
 146,711
 $
 151,637

 Change in plan assets:

 Fair value of assets at prior year measurement date
 $
 472,633
 $
 392,444
 $
 113,776
 $
 97,184

 Actual return on plan assets
 22,105
 94,443
 9,883

 Employer contributions
 6,389
 6,335
 ( 4,443)
 7,511

 Contributions by plan participants
 —
 —

 Benefits paid
 ( 22,803)
 ( 19,313)
 ( 7,016)
 ( 6,125)

 Settlements
 —
 —
 ( 892)
 ( 565)

 Foreign currency exchange impact
 —
 —
 5,938

 Other
 ( 842)
 ( 1,276)
 ( 130)
 ( 220)

 Fair value of assets at measurement date
 $
 477,482
 $
 472,633
 $
 102,336
 $
 113,776

 Funded status and amount recognized in assets and liabilities
 $
 ( 85,515)
 $
 ( 102,793)
 $
 ( 44,375)
 $
 ( 37,861)

 Amount recognized in assets and liabilities:

 Long-term assets
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 15,254
 $
 15,640

 Current and long-term pension liabilities
 ( 85,515)
 ( 102,793)
 ( 59,629)
 ( 53,501)

 Amount recognized in assets and liabilities
 $
 ( 85,515)
 $
 ( 102,793)
 $
 ( 44,375)
 $
 ( 37,861)

 Amount recognized in AOCIL, before taxes:

 Prior service cost (credit)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $

 Actuarial losses
 100,570
 128,544
 12,643
 18,216

 Amount recognized in AOCIL, before taxes
 $
 100,570
 $
 128,544
 $
 13,326
 $
 18,962

 Our funding policy is to contribute at least the amount required by law in the respective countries.
 The total accumulated benefit obligation as of the measurement date for all defined benefit pension plans was $ 676,061 in 2025 and $ 687,292 in 2024. At the measurement date in 2025, our plans had fair values of plan assets totaling $ 579,818. The following table provides aggregate information for the pension plans, which have accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:

 Accumulated benefit obligation
 $
 144,215
 $
 187,366

 Fair value of plan assets
 4,462
 50,619

 The following table provides aggregate information for the pension plans, which have projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:

 Projected benefit obligation
 $
 664,656
 $
 679,547

 Fair value of plan assets
 519,513
 523,253

 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost and weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of the measurement dates are as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Assumptions for net periodic benefit cost:

 Service cost discount rate
 5.1
 %
 6.0
 %
 5.5
 %
 2.9
 %
 4.7
 %
 4.5
 %

 Interest cost discount rate
 4.8
 %
 5.8
 %
 5.4
 %
 4.0
 %
 4.6
 %
 4.5
 %

 Return on assets
 7.3
 %
 7.3
 %
 6.5
 %
 4.2
 %
 4.4
 %
 4.3
 %

 Rate of compensation increase
 3.2
 %
 3.8
 %
 3.8
 %
 2.5
 %
 3.2
 %
 3.2
 %

 Assumptions for benefit obligations:

 Discount rate
 5.5
 %
 5.0
 %
 5.9
 %
 4.8
 %
 4.1
 %
 4.7
 %

 Rate of compensation increase
 3.2
 %
 3.2
 %
 3.8
 %
 2.5
 %
 2.4
 %
 3.2
 %

 Pension plan investment policies and strategies are developed on a plan specific basis, which varies by country. The overall objective for the long-term expected return on both domestic and international plan assets is to earn a rate of return over time to meet anticipated benefit payments in accordance with plan provisions. The long-term investment objective of both the domestic and international retirement plans is to maintain the economic value of plan assets and future contributions by producing positive rates of investment return after subtracting inflation, benefit payments and expenses. Each of the plan's strategic asset allocations is based on this long-term perspective and short-term fluctuations are viewed with appropriate perspective.
 The U.S. qualified defined benefit plan's assets are invested for long-term investment results. To accommodate the long-term investment horizon while providing appropriate liquidity, the plan maintains a liquid cash reserve sufficient to allow the plan to meet its benefit payment, fee and expense obligations. Its assets are broadly diversified to help alleviate the risk of adverse returns in any one security or investment class. The international plans' assets are invested in both low-risk and high-risk investments in order to achieve the long-term investment strategy objective. Investment risks for both domestic and international plans are considered within the context of the entire asset allocation, rather than on a security-by-security basis.
 The U.S. qualified defined benefit plan and certain international plans have investment committees that are responsible for formulating investment policies, developing manager guidelines and objectives and approving and managing qualified advisors and investment managers. The guidelines established for each of the plans define permitted investments within each asset class and apply certain restrictions such as limits on concentrated holdings in order to meet overall investment objectives.
 Pension obligations and the related costs are determined using actuarial valuations that involve several assumptions. The return on assets assumption reflects the average rate of return expected on funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. In determining the return on assets assumption, we consider the relative weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes and economic and other indicators of future performance. Asset management objectives include maintaining an adequate level of diversification to reduce interest rate and market risk and to provide adequate liquidity to meet immediate and future benefit payment requirements.
 In determining our U.S. pension expense for 2025, we assumed an average rate of return on U.S. pension assets of approximately 7.3 % measured over a planning horizon with reasonable and acceptable levels of risk. The rate of return was based on the actual asset allocation of 41 % in equity securities and 59 % in fixed income securities at September 28, 2024. In determining our non-U.S. pension expense for 2025, we assumed an average rate of return on non-U.S. pension assets of approximately 4.2 % measured over a planning horizon with reasonable and acceptable levels of risk.

 The weighted average asset allocations by asset category for the pension plans as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024 are as follows:

 Target
 2025
Actual
 2024
Actual
 Target
 2025
Actual
 2024
Actual

 Asset category:

 Equity
 47%-53%
 49 %
 41 %
 15%-35%
 24 %
 26 %

 Fixed Income
 47%-53%
 51 %
 59 %
 30%-50%
 45 %
 43 %

 Other
 —%
 — %
 — %
 30%-40%
 31 %
 31 %

 The valuation methodologies used for pension plan assets measured at fair value have been applied consistently.
 Shares of registered investment companies: Consists of both equity and fixed income mutual funds. Valued at quoted market prices that represent the net asset value ("NAV") of shares held by the plan at year end.

 Equity securities: Traded on national exchanges are valued at the last reported sales price. Investments denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using the last reported exchange rate.

 Fixed income securities: Valued using methods, such as dealer quotes, available trade information, spreads, bids and offers provided by a pricing vendor.

 Money market funds: Institutional short-term investment vehicles valued daily.

 Cash and cash equivalents: Direct cash holdings valued at cost (Level 1) or cash collateral for the initial margin requirements on futures contracts (Level 2) which approximates fair value.

 Collective investment trust: NAV of the fund is calculated daily or weekly by the investment manager.

 Unit linked funds: NAV value of the fund is calculated daily by the investment manager.

 Investment in insurance contracts: Valued at contract value, which is the fair value of the underlying investment of the insurance company.
 Limited partnerships: Valued at NAV of units held. The NAV is used as a practical expedient to estimate fair value. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying investments held by the fund less its liability. This practical expedient is not used when it is determined to be probable that the fund will sell the investment for an amount different from the reported NAV.
 Securities or other assets for which market quotations are not readily available or for which market quotations do not represent the value at the time of pricing (including certain illiquid securities) are fair valued in accordance with procedures established under the supervision and responsibility of the Trustee of that investment. Such procedures may include the use of independent pricing services or affiliated advisor pricing, which use prices based upon yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type, indications as to values from dealers, operating data and general market conditions.

 The following tables present the consolidated plan assets using the fair value hierarchy, which is described in Note 13 - Fair Value, as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024.

 U.S. Plans, September 27, 2025
 Level 1

 Level 2

 Level 3

 Total

 Investments at fair value:

 Money market funds
 $
 —
 $
 14,089
 $
 —
 $
 14,089

 —
 8,000
 —
 8,000

 Total investments in fair value hierarchy
 —
 22,089
 —
 22,089

 Investments measured at NAV practical expedient (1)

 455,393

 Total investments at fair value
 $
 —
 $
 22,089
 $
 —
 $
 477,482

 Non-U.S. Plans, September 27, 2025
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Total

 Investments at fair value:

 Mutual funds:

 Equity funds
 $
 —
 $
 2,474
 $
 —
 $
 2,474

 Fixed income funds
 —
 5,227
 —
 5,227

 Equity securities
 6,116
 —
 —
 6,116

 Fixed income securities
 —
 22,228
 —
 22,228

 Collective investment trusts
 —
 23,012
 —
 23,012

 Unit linked funds
 —
 14,417
 —
 14,417

 Money market funds
 —
 —

 1,320
 —
 —
 1,320

 Insurance contracts and other
 —
 —
 27,046
 27,046

 Total investments at fair value
 $
 7,436
 $
 67,854
 $
 27,046
 $
 102,336

 U.S. Plans, September 28, 2024
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Total

 Investments at fair value:

 Shares of registered investment companies:

 Equity funds
 $
 181,871
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 181,871

 Fixed income funds
 153,575
 —
 —
 153,575

 Money market funds
 —
 7,834
 —
 7,834

 —
 6,420
 —
 6,420

 Total investments in fair value hierarchy

 335,446
 14,254
 —
 349,700

 Investments measured at NAV practical expedient (1)

 122,933

 Total investments at fair value
 $
 335,446
 $
 14,254
 $
 —
 $
 472,633

 Non-U.S. Plans, September 28, 2024
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Total

 Investments at fair value:

 Mutual funds:

 Equity funds
 $
 —
 $
 8,041
 $
 —
 $
 8,041

 Fixed income funds
 —
 7,626
 —
 7,626

 Equity securities
 6,970
 —
 —
 6,970

 Fixed income securities
 —
 23,263
 —
 23,263

 Collective investment trusts
 —
 22,788
 —
 22,788

 Unit linked funds
 —
 12,164
 —
 12,164

 Money market funds
 —
 1,224
 —
 1,224

 1,102
 —
 —
 1,102

 Insurance contracts and other

 —
 —
 30,598
 30,598

 Total investments at fair value
 $
 8,072
 $
 75,106
 $
 30,598
 $
 113,776

 (1)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total retirement plan assets.

 The following is a roll forward of the consolidated plan assets classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy:

 Balance at September 30, 2023
 $
 1,618

 Return on assets

 Purchases from contributions to Plans
 28,524

 Settlements paid in cash
 ( 1,143)

 1,568

 Balance at September 28, 2024
 30,598

 Return on assets
 ( 1,418)

 Purchases from contributions to Plans
 1,164

 Settlements paid in cash
 ( 3,075)

 ( 223)

 Balance at September 27, 2025
 $
 27,046

 The following table summarizes investments measured at fair value based on NAV per share as of September 27, 2025:

 Fair Value

 Unfunded Commitments
 Redemption Frequency
 Redemption Notice Period

 Collective investment trusts
 $
 446,595
 $
 111,831
 $
 —
 Daily
 1-5 days

 Limited partnerships (1)

 8,798
 11,102
 3,273
 Varies
 10-45 days

 Total
 $
 455,393
 $
 122,933
 $
 3,273

 (1)Investments in limited partnerships held by us invest primarily in emerging markets, equity and equity related securities. The strategy for the partnerships is to have exposure to certain markets or to securities that are judged to achieve superior earnings growth and/or judged undervalued relative to intrinsic value.
 The preceding methods may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although we believe the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
 Expense for defined benefit plans is as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Service cost
 $
 9,881
 $
 10,775
 $
 12,913
 $
 3,087
 $
 2,580
 $
 2,674

 Interest cost
 26,897
 27,891
 28,112
 5,307
 5,720
 5,448

 Expected return on plan assets
 ( 31,601)
 ( 27,267)
 ( 28,589)
 ( 4,193)
 ( 4,420)
 ( 4,244)

 Amortization of prior service cost
 —
 —
 —

 Amortization of actuarial loss
 11,908
 12,289
 13,449

 Settlement (gain) loss
 —
 —
 ( 129)
 ( 77)
 ( 151)

 Total expense for defined benefit plans

 $
 17,085
 $
 23,688
 $
 38,427
 $
 4,908
 $
 4,069
 $
 4,181

 Benefits expected to be paid to the participants of the plans are:

 2026
 $
 24,959
 $
 7,766

 2027
 27,607
 7,643

 2028
 30,247
 8,965

 2029
 33,786
 9,044

 2030
 36,178
 9,010

 Five years thereafter
 201,660
 45,850

 We presently anticipate contributing approximately $ 5,700 to the SERP Trust for the non-qualified plan and $ 4,500 to the non-U.S. plans in 2026.
 We provide postretirement health care benefits to certain domestic retirees, who were hired prior to October 1, 1989. There are no plan assets. The changes in the accumulated benefit obligation of this unfunded plan for 2025 and 2024 are shown in the following table:

 Change in Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation (APBO):

 APBO at prior year measurement date
 $
 2,253
 $
 2,840

 Service cost

 Interest cost

 Contributions by plan participants

 Benefits paid
 ( 828)
 ( 798)

 Actuarial (gains) losses
 ( 36)
 ( 326)

 APBO at measurement date
 $
 1,811
 $
 2,253

 Funded status
 $
 $
 ( 2,253)

 Accrued postretirement benefit liability
 $
 1,811
 $
 2,253

 Amount recognized in AOCIL, before taxes:

 Actuarial gains
 2,362
 3,717

 Amount recognized in AOCIL, before taxes
 $
 2,362
 $
 3,717

 The cost of the postretirement benefit plan is as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Service cost
 $
 $
 $

 Interest cost

 Amortization of actuarial gain
 ( 1,391)
 ( 1,861)
 ( 2,321)

 Net periodic postretirement benefit income
 $
 ( 1,297)
 $
 ( 1,706)
 $
 ( 2,139)

 As of the measurement date, the assumed discount rate used in the accounting for the postretirement benefit obligation was 4.7 % in 2025, 4.5 % in 2024 and 5.6 % in 2023. The assumed service cost discount rate and interest cost discount rate used in the accounting for the net periodic postretirement benefit cost were 4.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively in 2025, 5.4 % and 5.7 %, respectively in 2024 and 5.1 % and 5.1 %, respectively in 2023.
 For measurement purposes, a 8.0 % annual per capita rate of increase of medical and drug costs were assumed for 2026, gradually decreasing to 4.5 % for 2035 and years thereafter.
 Employee and management profit sharing reflects a discretionary payment based on our financial performance. Profit share expense was $ 52,100, $ 46,424 and $ 38,702 in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 Note 16 - Income Taxes
 The reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to earnings before income taxes is as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Earnings before income taxes:

 Domestic
 $
 167,179
 $
 186,376
 $
 140,708

 Foreign
 145,469
 83,370
 80,812

 Total
 $
 312,648
 $
 269,746
 $
 221,520

 Federal statutory income tax rate
 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %

 Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:

 Impacts of Tax Act
 0.2
 %
 ( 1.2)
 %
 ( 0.7)
 %

 Tax on foreign earnings
 1.3
 %
 0.8
 %
 0.9
 %

 R&D and foreign tax credits
 ( 3.8)
 %
 ( 4.3)
 %
 ( 6.2)
 %

 Divestiture impacts
 0.4
 %
 0.5
 %
 —
 %

 Foreign tax rates
 3.8
 %
 2.7
 %
 6.6
 %

 Equity-based compensation and benefits
 —
 %
 0.2
 %
 0.5
 %

 Unrecognized tax benefits
 —
 %
 —
 %
 ( 0.5)
 %

 Change in valuation allowance for deferred taxes
 0.5
 %
 1.7
 %
 ( 0.8)
 %

 State taxes, net of federal benefit
 0.5
 %
 0.8
 %
 0.2
 %

 Other
 0.9
 %
 0.4
 %
 ( 0.1)
 %

 Effective income tax rate
 24.8
 %
 22.6
 %
 20.9
 %

 Our accounting policy is to treat tax on the Global Intangible Low-Tax Income ("GILTI") as a current period cost included in tax expense the year incurred. As such, we don't measure the impact of the GILTI in our determination of deferred taxes.
 During 2025, 2024 and 2023, we repatriated available unremitted earnings from various foreign subsidiaries that were previously taxed of $ 111,646, $ 37,259 and $ 39,156, respectively. We do not assert indefinite reinvestment on unremitted earnings and therefore we record a liability related to the remaining unremitted earnings generated by the foreign subsidiaries. As of September 27, 2025, we have recorded a deferred tax liability of $ 9,305, which represents the future tax consequences upon ultimate repatriation of the unremitted earnings. We continue to be permanently reinvested in outside basis differences other than the unremitted earnings as we have no plans to liquidate or sell those foreign subsidiaries. In addition, we have not provided for deferred taxes on any outside basis differences of our domestic subsidiaries as we have the ability and intent to recover these basis differences in a tax-free manner. It is not practicable to determine the amount of unrecognized deferred tax related to these basis differences.
 The components of income taxes are as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Current:

 Federal
 $
 30,351
 $
 50,813
 $
 42,289

 Foreign
 48,018
 31,210
 32,374

 State
 5,795
 8,588
 6,696

 Total current
 84,164
 90,611
 81,359

 Deferred:

 Federal
 ( 10,142)
 ( 29,268)
 ( 30,344)

 Foreign
 4,197
 2,589

 State
 ( 599)
 ( 2,972)
 ( 5,337)

 Total deferred
 ( 6,544)
 ( 29,651)
 ( 34,995)

 $
 77,620
 $
 60,960
 $
 46,364

 Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent, in part, upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, carryback opportunities and reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities in making its assessment of the recoverability of deferred tax assets.

 The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

2025
2024

 Deferred tax assets:

 $
 86,109
 $
 64,530

 Benefit accruals
 46,669
 54,667

 Inventory reserves
 28,139
 28,435

 Tax benefit carryforwards
 13,180
 18,034

 Contract reserves not currently deductible
 18,713
 18,169

 Lease liability
 15,756
 16,191

 Other accrued expenses
 —
 2,835

 Total gross deferred tax assets
 208,566
 202,861

 Less valuation allowance
 ( 12,317)
 ( 10,905)

 Total net deferred tax assets
 $
 196,249
 $
 191,956

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Differences in bases and depreciation of property, plant and equipment
 $
 189,878
 $
 178,868

 Pension
 14,881
 16,856

 Other
 1,631
 —

 Total gross deferred tax liabilities
 206,390
 195,724

 Net deferred tax liabilities
 $
 ( 10,141)
 $
 ( 3,768)

 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reported in separate captions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 At September 27, 2025, we have $ 506 of federal tax credit carryforward with expirations of 2033 and 2034 and $ 10,403 state tax credit carryforward with expirations of 2027 to indefinite life. The change in the valuation allowance primarily relates to tax benefit carryforwards that were generated in 2025 but not expected to be realized.
 We record unrecognized tax benefits as liabilities and we adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Further, we record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the period ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $ 1,072 benefit for the reversal of our uncertain tax positions as a result of updated guidance. As of September 28, 2024 and September 27, 2025 we have no uncertain tax positions.
 We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and in various states and foreign jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require the application of judgment. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities in significant jurisdictions for tax years before 2022. The statute of limitations in several jurisdictions will expire in the next twelve months and we will have no unrecognized tax benefits recognized if the statute of limitations expires without the relevant taxing authority examining the applicable returns.
 During October 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") passed Pillar Two, an inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Sharing, which would enact a minimum 15 % tax for large multinational companies. Many countries are considering changes to their tax laws or proposing new tax laws to align with the recommendations that have been made by the OECD regarding Pillar Two. The Company is closely monitoring developments and evaluating the potential impacts that Pillar Two will have on future periods, including the qualification for safe harbor. As of September 27, 2025, the Company has not recorded a material top-up tax related to Pillar Two.
 On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was signed into law. The legislation includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses including, but not limited to, the expansion of bonus depreciation, immediate expensing of domestic R&D costs, and revisions to the U.S. taxation of profits derived from international operations. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Act allowed the Company to take 100 % tax deduction on certain fixed assets that were placed in service after January 19, 2025. Other than accelerated tax depreciation, the Act did not have a material impact on the Company financial position and results of operations as of and for the year ended September 27, 2025.

 Note 17 - Earnings per Share
 Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding, as well as shares considered to be anti-dilutive, are as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
 31,680,280
 31,954,689
 31,831,687

 Dilutive effect of equity-based awards
 402,321
 404,649
 212,539

 Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
 32,082,601
 32,359,338
 32,044,226

 Note 18 - Shareholders' Equity
 Class A and Class B common stock share equally in our earnings and are identical with certain exceptions. Other than on matters relating to the election of directors or as required by law where the holders of Class A and Class B shares vote as separate classes, Class A shares have limited voting rights, with each share of Class A being entitled to one-tenth of a vote on most matters, and each share of Class B being entitled to one vote. Class A shareholders are entitled, subject to certain limitations, to elect at least 25 % of the Board of Directors (rounded up to the nearest whole number) with Class B shareholders entitled to elect the balance of the directors. No cash dividend may be paid on Class B shares unless at least an equal cash dividend is paid on Class A shares. Class B shares are convertible at any time into Class A shares on a one-for-one basis at the option of the shareholder.
 Class A shares and Class B shares reserved for issuance at September 27, 2025 are as follows:

 Shares

 Conversion of Class B to Class A shares
 7,416,255

 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 1,073,204

 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan
 1,500,000

 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan
 1,503,804

 2008 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan
 979,995

 Class A and B shares reserved for issuance
 12,473,258

 We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Board of Directors may authorize, without further shareholder action, the issuance of additional preferred stock which ranks senior to both classes of our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets on liquidation. The preferred stock, when issued, would have such designations relative to voting and conversion rights, preferences, privileges and limitations as determined by the Board of Directors.
 We issue common stock under our equity-based compensation plans from treasury stock or from stock held by the SECT. As of September 27, 2025, in addition to the shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding equity awards, there were 1,458,225 shares authorized for awards that may be granted in the future under the 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan, assuming performance-based awards currently outstanding are all settled at the targeted payout.
 On November 20, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program to replace the previously existing share repurchase program. This program authorizes repurchases that includes both Class A and Class B common stock, and allows us to buy up to an aggregate 3,000,000 common shares. Shares acquired by the SECT or the SERP Trust are not included in this program. During 2025, we repurchased 511,974 of our Class A and B common stock for $ 100,705. During 2024, there were no repurchases of our Class A and B common stock. During 2023, we repurchased 97,849 of our Class A and B common stock for $ 7,697. As of September 27, 2025, the total remaining authorization for future common share repurchases under our program is 1,660,107 shares.

 Note 19 - Equity-Based Compensation
 We have equity-based compensation plans that authorize the issuance of equity-based awards for shares of Class A and Class B common stock to directors, officers and key employees. Equity-based compensation grants are designed to reward long-term contributions to Moog and provide incentives for recipients to remain with Moog.
 We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") that allows for qualified employees (as defined in the plan) to purchase our common stock at a price equal to 85 % of the fair market value at the lower of the beginning or the end of the semi-annual offering period.
 The 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan ("2014 Plan") authorizes the issuance of a total of 2,000,000 shares of either Class A or Class B common stock. The 2014 Plan is intended to provide a flexible framework that permits the development and implementation of a variety of equity-based programs that base awards on key performance metrics as well as align our long term incentive compensation with our peers and shareholder interests. The LTI awards granted in 2025 were granted pursuant the terms of the 2014 Plan.
 In February 2025, the 2025 LTI Plan ("2025 Plan") was approved by shareholders, providing for the grant of awards covering 1,500,000 Class A or Class B shares of stock. The 2025 Plan was implemented to provide a flexible framework that permits the development and implementation of a variety of stock-based programs based on the changing needs of Moog, its competitive market and the regulatory climate. The 2025 Plan is a successor to the 2014 Plan. No additional grants shall be made under the 2014 Plan on and after the effective date of the 2025 Plan. Outstanding awards granted under the 2014 Plan continue in effect according to their terms.
 During 2025, we granted awards in the form of performance-based restricted stock units ("PSUs"), time vested restricted stock units ("TVAs") and restricted stock awards ("RSAs"). The compensation cost for employee and non-employee director equity-based compensation programs for all current and prior year awards granted are as follows:

 2025
 2024
 2023

 Performance-based restricted stock units
 $
 6,740
 $
 5,994
 $
 2,479

 Employee stock purchase plan
 4,761
 3,718
 2,956

 Time vested restricted stock units
 3,994
 3,223
 2,461

 Restricted stock awards
 1,126
 1,151
 1,102

 Stock appreciation rights
 1,584

 Total compensation cost before income taxes
 $
 16,709
 $
 14,958
 $

 Income tax benefit
 $
 1,417
 $
 2,091
 $
 1,156

 Restricted Stock Units

 Performance-Based Awards
 PSU awards consist of shares of our stock which are payable upon the determination that we achieve certain established performance targets and can range from 0 % to 200 % of the targeted payout based on the actual results. PSU's granted in 2025 have a performance period of three years. The fair value of each PSU granted is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. PSUs granted generally have a cliff vesting schedule of three years; however, according to the grant agreements, if certain conditions are met, the employee (or beneficiary) may receive an amount of the award based on the terms and conditions of the agreement.
 PSUs are as follows:
 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
 Number of Awards
Grant Date Fair Value

 Nonvested at September 28, 2024
 76,771
 $
 105.67

 Granted in 2025
 25,728
 207.10

 Vested in 2025
 ( 38,596)
 86.97

 Forfeited in 2025
 ( 2,973)
 111.02

 Nonvested at September 27, 2025
 60,930
 $
 160.08

 As of September 27, 2025, total unvested compensation expense associated with nonvested PSUs amounted to $ 5,201 and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of two years.
 The number of Class B shares to be issued for PSU awards granted in 2023 that vested based on the achievement of performance targets in 2025, will be approximately 57,600 shares.
 Time Vested Awards

 TVAs consist of shares of our stock which are payable over a vesting schedule determined at the time the award is granted. TVAs vest in equal fixed dollar tranches over the agreed upon vesting term beginning one year after the date of the grant and will settle using the fair market value of shares on the date of vesting of the tranche. Although it is our intention to settle vested amount in shares, we reserve the right to settle in cash at our discretion.

 TVAs are as follows:

 Time Vested Restricted Stock Units
 Number of Awards
Fair Value

 Nonvested at September 28, 2024
 39,113
 $
 198.29

 Granted in 2025
 24,659
 207.10

 Vested in 2025
 ( 15,947)
 214.03

 Forfeited in 2025
 ( 2,674)
 173.99

 Decrease due to fair value change in 2025
 ( 1,446)
 n/a

 Nonvested at September 27, 2025
 43,705
 $
 206.00

 As of September 27, 2025, total unvested compensation expense associated with nonvested TVAs amounted to $ 5,559 and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of two years.
 The number of Class B shares to be issued for TVAs that are expected to vest in 2025 from time based service conditions is approximately 16,200 shares, based on our closing price of Class B common stock of $ 206.00 as of September 27, 2025.
 Restricted Stock Awards
 The fair value of each RSA granted is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. These shares vest and are issued upon grant. There were 5,436 RSAs granted and vested in 2025 at a price of $ 207.10 resulting in a fair value of the RSAs vested of $ 1,126.
 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 Shares and the weighted-average price per share associated with the ESPP are as follows:

 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Shares issued
 110,984
 126,355
 155,704

 Weighted-average price per share
 $
 147.97
 $
 105.18
 $
 70.91

 Stock Appreciation Rights
 The fair value of SARs granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. In 2025, there were no SARs granted. The number of shares received upon the exercise of a SAR is equal in value to the difference between the fair market value of the common stock on the exercise date and the exercise price of the SAR. The term of a SAR may not exceed ten years from the grant date. The exercise price of SARs and options, determined by a committee of the Board of Directors, may not be less than the fair value of the common stock on the grant date.
 SARs are as follows:
 Stock Appreciation Rights
 Number of Awards
Exercise Price
Remaining Contractual Life
 Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 Outstanding at September 28, 2024
 550,018
 $
 78.18

 Exercised in 2025
 ( 80,252)
 72.44

 Forfeited in 2025
 ( 165)
 83.00

 Outstanding at September 27, 2025
 469,601
 $
 79.16
 3.44
 $
 59,547

 Exercisable at September 27, 2025
 469,601
 $
 79.16
 3.44
 $
 59,547

 The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding tables represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing price of Class A common stock of $ 204.64 and Class B common stock of $ 206.00 as of September 27, 2025. That value would have been effectively received by the SAR holders had all SARs been exercised as of that date.
 The intrinsic value of awards exercised and fair value of awards vested are as follows:
 Stock Appreciation Rights
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Intrinsic value of SARs exercised
 $
 10,230
 $
 13,413
 $
 5,596

 Total fair value of SARs vested
 $
 $
 1,511
 $
 2,426

 As of September 27, 2025, there is no unvested compensation expense associated with SARs.

 Note 20 - Stock Employee Compensation Trust and Supplemental Retirement Plan Trust
 The SECT assists in administering and provides funding for equity-based compensation plans and benefit programs, including the Moog Inc. Retirement Savings Plan ("RSP"), RSP(+) and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). The SERP Trust provides funding for benefits under the SERP provisions of the Moog Inc. Plan to Equalize Retirement Income and Supplemental Retirement Income. Both the SECT and the SERP Trust hold Moog shares as investments. The shares in the SECT and SERP Trust are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share. However, in accordance with the trust agreements governing the SECT and SERP Trust, the trustees vote all shares held by the SECT and SERP Trust on all matters submitted to shareholders.

 Note 21 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 The changes in AOCIL, net of tax, by component are as follows:
 Accumulated foreign currency translation

 Accumulated retirement liability
 Accumulated gain (loss) on derivatives
 Total

 AOCIL at September 30, 2023
 $
 ( 140,477)
 $
 ( 113,605)
 $
 ( 518)
 $

 OCI before reclassifications
 44,966
 43,224

 Amounts reclassified from AOCIL
 ( 11)
 8,126
 8,564

 OCI, net of tax
 44,955
 6,315

 AOCIL at September 28, 2024
 ( 95,522)
 ( 107,290)
 —

 OCI before reclassifications
 8,252
 15,334
 24,203

 Amounts reclassified from AOCIL
 12,656
 8,644
 ( 410)
 20,890

 OCI, net of tax
 20,908
 23,978
 45,093

 AOCIL at September 27, 2025
 $
 ( 74,614)
 $
 ( 83,312)
 $
 $
 ( 157,719)

 Net gains and losses on net investment hedges are recorded in Accumulated foreign currency translation to the extent that the instruments are effective in hedging the designated risk.
 The amounts reclassified from AOCIL into earnings are as follows:
 Statements of Earnings location
 2025
 2024

 Retirement liability:

 Prior service cost
 $
 $

 Actuarial losses
 11,295
 10,637

 Settlement loss
 ( 129)
 ( 77)

 Reclassification from AOCIL into earnings

 11,224
 10,617

 ( 2,580)
 ( 2,491)

 Net reclassification from AOCIL into earnings
 $
 8,644
 $
 8,126

 Derivatives:

 $
 ( 536)
 $

 Reclassification from AOCIL into earnings
 ( 536)

 ( 139)

 Net reclassification from AOCIL into earnings
 $
 ( 410)
 $

 Foreign currency translation:

 Business dispositions
 Other
 $
 12,656
 $
 ( 11)

 Reclassification from AOCIL into earnings
 12,656
 ( 11)

 —
 —

 Net reclassification from AOCIL into earnings
 $
 12,656
 $
 ( 11)

 Reclassification from AOCIL into earnings for the Retirement liability are included in the computation of non-service pension expense, which is included in Other and Pension settlement on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings

 The effective portion of amounts deferred in AOCIL are as follows:
 2025
 2024

 Retirement liability:

 Net actuarial gain (loss) during period
 $
 20,190
 $
 ( 1,546)

 ( 4,856)
 ( 265)

 Net deferral in AOCIL of retirement liability
 $
 15,334
 $

 Derivatives:

 $
 $

 Net gain

 ( 190)
 ( 21)

 Net deferral in AOCIL of derivatives
 $
 $

 Note 22 - Segments
 Space and Defense. We manufacture critical defense components and motion-control systems used in defense vehicle platforms, missile systems, naval ships and submarines. We also manufacture high-performance components and systems used for space launch vehicles, satellites and spacecraft vehicles.
 Military Aircraft. We design, manufacture and integrate primary and secondary flight controls, mission-critical actuation systems, and products for various military fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft for both OEM and aftermarket customers.
 Our military production programs include the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter and we are currently working on the development of the Textron Bell MV-75 and other classified funded development military programs.
 Aftermarket sales, which represented 23 %, 23 % and 26 % of 2025, 2024 and 2023 sales, respectively, consist of the maintenance, upgrades, spares, repairs and overhauls for military depots and existing fleets.
 Commercial Aircraft. We design, manufacture and integrate primary and secondary flight-critical control systems and products for various commercial aircraft including widebody, narrowbody, business jets and regional jets for both OEM and aftermarket customers.
 Our large commercial production programs include the Boeing 787 and the Airbus A350 programs. Our additional production programs include the Boeing 737 MAX, the Airbus A320 and A330, the Embraer E195-E2 and various Gulfstream business jets.
 Aftermarket sales, which represented 37 %, 33 % and 34 % of 2025, 2024 and 2023 sales, respectively, consist of support for the maintenance, upgrades, spares, repairs and overhauls for aircraft operators worldwide.
 Industrial. We provide customized, high-performance motion control components and systems for industrial automation, medical, simulation and test and energy applications.
 Our offerings include precision components used in heavy machinery, medical devices and components, power generation products, as well as simulation platforms for flight training and material testing applications.

 Disaggregation of net sales by segment are as follows:
 Market Type
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Space
 $
 474,517
 $
 434,936
 $
 407,009

 Defense
 638,511
 583,212
 540,242

 1,113,028
 1,018,148
 947,251

 Original Equipment Manufacturers

 687,261
 624,575
 536,562

 Aftermarket
 200,875
 186,991
 183,770

 888,136
 811,566
 720,332

 Original Equipment Manufacturers

 572,971
 524,699
 431,521

 Aftermarket
 330,908
 263,401
 234,362

 903,879
 788,100
 665,883

 Energy
 141,679
 137,854
 123,864

 Industrial Automation
 401,697
 443,580
 485,502

 Simulation and Test
 141,551
 155,889
 124,980

 Medical
 270,654
 253,823
 248,378

 955,581
 991,146
 982,724

 $
 $
 $

 Customer Type
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Commercial
 $
 187,528
 $
 172,829
 $
 112,777

 U.S. Government (including OEM)
 798,956
 754,057
 778,229

 Other
 126,544
 91,262
 56,245

 1,113,028
 1,018,148
 947,251

 U.S. Government (including OEM)
 657,813
 582,688
 505,794

 Other
 230,323
 228,878
 214,538

 888,136
 811,566
 720,332

 Commercial
 853,045
 751,110
 632,878

 Other
 50,834
 36,990
 33,005

 903,879
 788,100
 665,883

 Commercial
 933,664
 971,868
 965,867

 U.S. Government (including OEM)
 4,648
 10,438
 5,204

 Other
 17,269
 8,840
 11,653

 955,581
 991,146
 982,724

 Commercial
 1,974,237
 1,895,807
 1,711,522

 U.S. Government (including OEM)
 1,461,417
 1,347,183
 1,289,227

 Other
 424,970
 365,970
 315,441

 $
 $
 $

 Revenue Recognition Method
 2025
 2024
 2023

 $
 997,351
 $
 909,638
 $
 883,727

 115,677
 108,510
 63,524

 1,113,028
 1,018,148
 947,251

 732,837
 656,576
 602,333

 155,299
 154,990
 117,999

 888,136
 811,566
 720,332

 636,760
 587,233
 497,221

 267,119
 200,867
 168,662

 903,879
 788,100
 665,883

 114,699
 142,425
 137,338

 840,882
 848,721
 845,386

 955,581
 991,146
 982,724

 2,481,647
 2,295,872
 2,120,619

 1,378,977
 1,313,088
 1,195,571

 $
 $
 $

 Sales to Boeing were $ 396,784, $ 417,275 and $ 349,961, or 10 %, 12 % and 11 % of sales, in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Sales arising from U.S. Government prime or sub-contracts, including military sales to Boeing are made primarily from our Military Aircraft and Space and Defense segments and are included in the Customer Type table above.

 The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is the President and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance based on the segment's operating profit or loss, among other considerations. Segment operating profit is net sales less cost of sales and other operating expenses, excluding interest expense, equity-based compensation, non-service pension expense and other corporate expenses. Cost of sales and other operating expenses are directly attributable to the respective segment or allocated on the basis of sales, headcount or profit.
 We report results to our CODM under our four segments identified as Space and Defense, Military Aircraft, Commercial Aircraft and Industrial. Disaggregation of operating results by segment and reconciliations to consolidated amounts are as follows:

 Fiscal Year Ended

 $
 1,113,028
 $
 1,018,148
 $
 947,251

 888,136
 811,566
 720,332

 903,879
 788,100
 665,883

 955,581
 991,146
 982,724

 Total net sales
 $
 $
 $

 Cost of sales:

 $
 800,982
 $
 734,844
 $
 718,545

 656,054
 604,285
 552,268

 720,296
 617,858
 505,884

 617,470
 632,538
 637,393

 Total cost of sales
 $
 2,794,802
 $
 2,589,525
 $
 2,414,090

 Inventory write-down:

 $
 $
 1,918
 $
 —

 1,625
 1,616

 —
 —
 —

 5,910
 4,934
 2,729

 Total inventory write-down
 $
 8,474
 $
 7,027
 $
 4,345

 Research and development:

 $
 25,511
 $
 26,084
 $
 16,736

 24,549
 23,475
 33,941

 7,798
 11,930
 9,485

 35,813
 51,284
 46,389

 Total research and development
 $
 93,671
 $
 112,773
 $
 106,551

 Selling, general and administrative:

 $
 152,820
 $
 122,568
 $
 112,426

 108,902
 89,779
 70,882

 65,605
 59,170
 65,700

 176,363
 182,005
 189,511

 Selling, general and administrative for reportable segments
 $
 503,690
 $
 453,522
 $
 438,519

 Corporate expenses
 33,570
 32,772
 25,836

 Equity based compensation expense
 16,708

 Total selling, general and administrative
 $
 553,968
 $
 501,253
 $
 474,937

 Other operating (income) expenses:

 $
 1,639
 $
 5,849
 $
 3,437

 ( 1,751)
 8,349
 1,000

 ( 1,613)
 ( 1,223)

 12,106
 27,185
 5,433

 Total other operating expenses
 $
 10,381
 $
 41,648
 $
 8,647

 Other segment operating income and expenses include restructuring, asset impairments, fair value adjustments, gains or losses on business disposals, royalty income and miscellaneous income and expenses.
 2025
 2024
 2023

 Operating profit:

 $
 131,137
 $
 126,885
 $
 96,107

 98,757
 85,503
 60,625

 111,793
 98,877
 86,037

 107,919
 93,200
 101,269

 Total operating profit
 449,606
 404,465
 344,038

 Deductions from operating profit:

 Interest expense
 72,075
 66,330
 59,838

 16,708

 —
 —

 Non-service pension expense
 7,719
 12,685
 12,324

 Corporate and other expenses, net
 40,456
 40,745
 27,232

 $
 312,648
 $
 269,746
 $
 221,520

 Depreciation and amortization:

 $
 24,937
 $
 21,895
 $
 20,067

 34,424
 31,327
 30,449

 18,780
 16,116
 12,678

 25,420
 26,482
 25,897

 Corporate

 Total depreciation and amortization
 $
 103,728
 $
 96,027
 $
 89,304

 Identifiable assets:

 $
 1,213,618
 $
 1,035,716
 $
 1,011,724

 1,041,046
 961,056
 866,590

 1,052,419
 953,053
 779,949

 1,102,533
 1,098,953
 1,086,818

 Corporate
 16,439
 28,869
 23,266

 $
 4,426,055
 $
 $
 3,768,347

 Capital expenditures:

 $
 59,162
 $
 47,170
 $
 66,613

 37,422
 52,741
 47,699

 23,283
 28,750
 31,887

 24,787
 23,290
 30,949

 Corporate

 Total capital expenditures
 $
 144,731
 $
 151,995
 $
 177,309

 Sales, based on the customer's location, and property, plant and equipment by geographic area are as follows:
 2025
 2024
 2023

 United States
 $
 2,432,811
 $
 2,319,352
 $
 2,153,121

 Germany
 247,354
 164,794
 203,661

 Other
 1,180,459
 1,124,814
 959,408

 $
 $
 $

 Property, plant and equipment, net:

 United States
 $
 704,707
 $
 636,828
 $
 546,335

 United Kingdom
 138,168
 128,363
 126,059

 Other
 177,031
 163,397
 153,866

 $
 1,019,906
 $
 928,588
 $
 826,260

 Note 23 - Commitments and Contingencies
 From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings. We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings which management believes will result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 We are engaged in administrative proceedings with governmental agencies and legal proceedings with governmental agencies and other third parties in the normal course of our business, including litigation under Superfund laws, regarding environmental matters. We believe that adequate reserves have been established for our share of the estimated cost for all currently pending environmental administrative or legal proceedings and do not expect that these environmental matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 In the ordinary course of business we could be subject to ongoing claims or disputes from our customers, the ultimate settlement of which could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations. While the receivables and any loss provisions recorded to date reflect management's best estimate of the projected costs to complete a given project, there is still significant effort required to complete the ultimate deliverable. Future variability in internal cost and future profitability is dependent upon a number of factors including deliveries, performance and government budgetary pressures. The inability to achieve a satisfactory contractual solution, further unplanned delays, additional developmental cost growth or variations in any of the estimates used in the existing contract analysis could lead to further loss provisions. Additional losses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the loss may be recognized. In the fourth quarter of 2025 we incurred $ 10,455 of charges related to a dispute with a customer, which are unique and outside the ordinary course of business. The charges consist of settlement costs and legal services.
 We are contingently liable for $ 15,055 related to standby letters of credit issued by banks to third parties on our behalf at September 27, 2025. Purchase commitments outstanding at September 27, 2025 are $ 1,250,355 including $ 78,207 for property, plant and equipment.

 Note 24 - Subsequent Events
 On November 20, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a $ 0.29 per share quarterly dividend payable on issued and outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock on December 17, 2025 to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 8, 2025.

 Note 25 - Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements
 As discussed in Note 1, we identified misstatements in our consolidated financial statements for 2023, 2024 and 2025. As a result, we revised our annual consolidated financial statements for 2023 and 2024 and our quarterly consolidated condensed financial statements for 2024 and 2025. Basic and diluted net earnings per share may not sum across due to rounding. A summary of the corrections are as follows:

 Consolidated Statement of Earnings

 Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

 $
 3,319,122
 $
 ( 2,932)
 $

 2,423,245
 ( 9,155)
 2,414,090

 4,345
 —
 4,345

 891,532
 6,223
 897,755

 106,551
 —
 106,551

 469,836
 5,101
 474,937

 63,578
 ( 3,740)
 59,838

 14,628
 —
 14,628

 7,997
 —
 7,997

 —

 —

 —

 Other
 9,478
 ( 606)
 8,872

 216,052
 5,468
 221,520

 45,054
 1,310
 46,364

 $
 170,998
 $
 4,158
 $

 Basic
 $
 5.37
 $
 0.13
 $
 5.50

 $
 5.34
 $
 0.13
 $
 5.47

 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

 Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

 $
 170,998
 $
 4,158
 $

 41,538
 41,547

 11,626
 —
 11,626

 3,269
 —
 3,269

 56,433
 56,442

 $
 227,431
 $
 4,167
 $
 231,598

 Consolidated Balance Sheet

 $
 68,959
 $
 —
 $
 68,959

 —

 434,723
 447,423

 706,601
 ( 71,814)
 634,787

 724,002
 ( 5,513)
 718,489

 50,862
 13,400
 64,262

 1,985,332
 ( 51,227)
 1,934,105

 814,696
 11,564
 826,260

 56,067
 —
 56,067

 821,301
 —
 821,301

 71,637
 —
 71,637

 8,749
 ( 26)
 8,723

 50,254
 —
 50,254

 $
 3,808,036
 $
 ( 39,689)
 $
 3,768,347

 $
 264,573
 $
 $
 265,473

 111,154
 1,500
 112,654

 377,977
 ( 40,270)
 337,707

 211,769
 30,044
 241,813

 965,473
 ( 7,826)
 957,647

 863,092
 —
 863,092

 157,455
 —
 157,455

 37,626
 ( 4,151)
 33,475

 148,303
 6,618
 154,921

 2,171,949
 ( 5,359)
 2,166,590

 43,822
 —
 43,822

 7,458
 —
 7,458

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1,636,087
 ( 34,330)
 1,601,757

 $
 3,808,036
 $
 ( 39,689)
 $
 3,768,347

 Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity

 Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

 $
 $
 —
 $

 516,123
 —
 516,123

 7,852
 —
 7,852

 8,119
 —
 8,119

 76,176
 —
 76,176

 —

 2,360,055
 ( 38,497)
 2,321,558

 170,998
 4,158

 —

 ( 1,047,012)
 —
 ( 1,047,012)

 16,107
 —
 16,107

 ( 27,033)
 —
 ( 27,033)

 —

 ( 73,602)
 —
 ( 73,602)

 —

 ( 14,841)
 —
 ( 14,841)

 ( 42,039)
 —
 ( 42,039)

 —

 ( 58,989)
 —
 ( 58,989)

 ( 34,137)
 —
 ( 34,137)

 —

 ( 311,042)
 —
 ( 311,042)

 56,433
 56,442

 $
 1,636,087
 $
 ( 34,330)
 $
 1,601,757

 Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

 $
 170,998
 $
 4,158
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 78,692
 ( 929)
 77,763

 11,541
 —
 11,541

 ( 35,531)
 ( 34,997)

 —

 —

 18,973
 —
 18,973

 —

 —

 Other
 6,244
 —
 6,244

 ( 56,575)
 ( 12,700)
 ( 69,275)

 ( 87,915)
 52,492
 ( 35,423)

 ( 130,378)
 2,936
 ( 127,442)

 28,641
 —
 28,641

 79,983
 ( 40,535)
 39,448

 ( 1,692)
 ( 1,493)
 ( 3,185)

 22,869
 23,644

 13,940
 —
 13,940

 2,151
 ( 1,522)

 135,935
 3,716
 139,651

 ( 173,286)
 ( 4,023)
 ( 177,309)

 1,892
 —
 1,892

 Net proceeds from buildings sold
 19,702
 —
 19,702

 ( 11,455)
 —
 ( 11,455)

 ( 163,147)
 ( 4,023)
 ( 167,170)

 1,044,101
 —
 1,044,101

 ( 1,017,420)
 —
 ( 1,017,420)

 Payments on long-term debt
 ( 916)
 —
 ( 916)

 ( 4,620)
 ( 4,313)

 —

 19,785
 —
 19,785

 ( 29,306)
 —
 ( 29,306)

 —

 ( 14,251)
 —
 ( 14,251)

 ( 2,027)
 —
 ( 2,027)

 ( 23,015)
 ( 22,708)

 2,043
 —
 2,043

 ( 48,184)
 —
 ( 48,184)

 117,328
 —
 117,328

 $
 $
 —
 $

 Interest paid
 $
 63,193
 $
 ( 3,740)
 $
 59,453

 Income taxes paid, net of refunds
 69,253
 —
 69,253

 4,174
 —
 4,174

 61,805
 2,229
 64,034

 $
 856,850
 $
 ( 1,628)
 $
 855,222

 623,651
 ( 9,859)
 613,792

 —
 —
 —

 233,199
 8,231
 241,430

 30,579
 —
 30,579

 118,725
 2,033
 120,758

 16,694
 ( 1,547)
 15,147

 1,889
 —
 1,889

 Other
 2,701
 1,456
 4,157

 62,611
 6,289
 68,900

 14,799
 1,466
 16,265

 $
 47,812
 $
 4,823
 $
 52,635

 Basic
 $
 1.50
 $
 0.15
 $
 1.65

 $
 1.48
 $
 0.15
 $
 1.63

 $
 47,812
 $
 4,823
 $
 52,635

 31,013
 31,044

 1,678
 —
 1,678

 —

 33,009
 33,040

 $
 80,821
 $
 4,854
 $
 85,675

 $
 126,398
 $
 —
 $
 126,398

 —

 381,609
 —
 381,609

 760,561
 ( 17,064)
 743,497

 788,040
 ( 4,372)
 783,668

 59,577
 —
 59,577

 2,116,615
 ( 21,436)
 2,095,179

 842,682
 13,780
 856,462

 59,489
 —
 59,489

 833,413
 —
 833,413

 72,663
 —
 72,663

 9,284
 ( 34)
 9,250

 53,809
 —
 53,809

 $
 3,987,955
 $
 ( 7,690)
 $
 3,980,265

 $
 261,155
 $
 $
 262,055

 64,099
 1,850
 65,949

 445,706
 446,547

 238,871
 14,272
 253,143

 1,009,831
 17,863
 1,027,694

 920,103
 —
 920,103

 160,825
 —
 160,825

 35,214
 ( 3,128)
 32,086

 154,765
 7,051
 161,816

 2,280,738
 21,786
 2,302,524

 43,826
 —
 43,826

 7,454
 —
 7,454

 —

 2,536,172
 ( 29,516)
 2,506,656

 —

 —

 —

 ( 221,600)
 ( 221,560)

 1,707,217
 ( 29,476)
 1,677,741

 $
 3,987,955
 $
 ( 7,690)
 $
 3,980,265

 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 2,160
 —
 2,160

 3,454
 —
 3,454

 59,377
 —
 59,377

 —

 47,812
 4,823
 52,635

 ( 8,619)
 —
 ( 8,619)

 2,536,172
 ( 29,516)
 2,506,656

 —

 —

 ( 8,711)
 —
 ( 8,711)

 —

 —

 5,001
 —
 5,001

 ( 3,971)
 —
 ( 3,971)

 ( 32,634)
 —
 ( 32,634)

 —

 —

 ( 26,743)
 —
 ( 26,743)

 —

 33,009
 33,040

 ( 221,600)
 ( 221,560)

 $
 1,707,217
 $
 ( 29,476)
 $
 1,677,741

 Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows

 $
 47,812
 $
 4,823
 $
 52,635

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 20,927
 ( 232)
 20,695

 2,720
 —
 2,720

 ( 4,547)
 1,028
 ( 3,519)

 4,165
 —
 4,165

 Other
 ( 2,478)
 —
 ( 2,478)

 58,887
 71,587

 ( 51,015)
 ( 54,708)
 ( 105,723)

 ( 46,852)
 ( 1,141)
 ( 47,993)

 ( 5,752)
 —
 ( 5,752)

 64,171
 41,063
 105,234

 ( 31,814)
 ( 15,848)
 ( 47,662)

 12,324
 12,760

 2,957
 —
 2,957

 ( 11,114)
 13,410
 2,296

 60,391
 1,531
 61,922

 ( 5,212)
 —
 ( 5,212)

 ( 37,416)
 ( 1,634)
 ( 39,050)

 ( 479)
 —
 ( 479)

 ( 43,107)
 ( 1,634)
 ( 44,741)

 279,500
 —
 279,500

 ( 223,000)
 —
 ( 223,000)

 ( 1,286)
 ( 1,183)

 ( 8,619)
 —
 ( 8,619)

 —

 ( 8,711)
 —
 ( 8,711)

 5,001
 —
 5,001

 ( 4,561)
 —
 ( 4,561)

 38,905
 39,008

 1,495
 —
 1,495

 57,684
 —
 57,684

 —

 $
 126,828
 $
 —
 $
 126,828

 $
 2,574
 $
 —
 $
 2,574

 7,845
 8,133

 $
 930,303
 $
 ( 10,095)
 $
 920,208
 $
 1,787,153
 $
 ( 11,723)
 $
 1,775,430

 663,350
 ( 2,151)
 661,199
 1,287,001
 ( 12,010)
 1,274,991

 —
 —

 266,778
 ( 7,944)
 258,834
 499,977
 500,264

 28,382
 —
 28,382
 58,961
 —
 58,961

 124,961
 125,928
 243,686
 3,000
 246,686

 18,003
 ( 1,246)
 16,757
 34,697
 ( 2,793)
 31,904

 6,750
 —
 6,750
 6,750
 —
 6,750

 6,750
 —
 6,750
 8,639
 —
 8,639

 Other
 3,183
 ( 483)
 2,700
 5,884
 6,857

 78,749
 ( 7,182)
 71,567
 141,360
 ( 893)
 140,467

 18,746
 ( 1,685)
 17,061
 33,545
 ( 219)
 33,326

 $
 60,003
 $
 ( 5,497)
 $
 54,506
 $
 107,815
 $
 ( 674)
 $
 107,141

 Basic
 $
 1.88
 $
 ( 0.17)
 $
 1.71
 $
 3.38
 $
 ( 0.02)
 $
 3.35

 $
 1.86
 $
 ( 0.17)
 $
 1.69
 $
 3.34
 $
 ( 0.02)
 $
 3.32

 $
 60,003
 $
 ( 5,497)
 $
 54,506
 $
 107,815
 $
 ( 674)
 $
 107,141

 ( 13,726)
 ( 6)
 ( 13,732)
 17,287
 17,312

 2,173
 —
 2,173
 3,851
 —
 3,851

 —
 —

 ( 11,353)
 ( 6)
 ( 11,359)
 21,656
 21,681

 $
 48,650
 $
 ( 5,503)
 $
 43,147
 $
 129,471
 $
 ( 649)
 $
 128,822

 $
 59,066
 $
 —
 $
 59,066

 —

 419,399
 —
 419,399

 794,167
 ( 20,788)
 773,379

 810,483
 ( 2,631)
 807,852

 73,165
 2,746
 75,911

 2,156,945
 ( 20,673)
 2,136,272

 869,303
 16,742
 886,045

 57,074
 —
 57,074

 828,469
 —
 828,469

 68,876
 —
 68,876

 9,063
 6,493
 15,556

 49,390
 —
 49,390

 $
 4,039,120
 $
 2,562
 $
 4,041,682

 $
 267,731
 $
 $
 268,631

 73,961
 2,200
 76,161

 404,876
 405,230

 257,960
 23,781
 281,741

 1,004,528
 27,235
 1,031,763

 948,615
 —
 948,615

 160,265
 —
 160,265

 22,765
 1,781
 24,546

 149,688
 8,525
 158,213

 2,285,861
 37,541
 2,323,402

 43,826
 —
 43,826

 7,454
 —
 7,454

 —

 2,587,222
 ( 35,013)
 2,552,209

 —

 —

 —

 ( 232,953)
 ( 232,919)

 1,753,259
 ( 34,979)
 1,718,280

 $
 4,039,120
 $
 2,562
 $
 4,041,682

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —
 —

 4,126
 —
 4,126
 6,286
 —
 6,286

 2,182
 —
 2,182
 5,636
 —
 5,636

 22,703
 —
 22,703
 82,080
 —
 82,080

 —
 —

 2,536,172
 ( 29,516)
 2,506,656

 60,003
 ( 5,497)
 54,506
 107,815
 ( 674)
 107,141

 ( 8,953)
 —
 ( 8,953)
 ( 17,572)
 —
 ( 17,572)

 2,587,222
 ( 35,013)
 2,552,209
 2,587,222
 ( 35,013)
 2,552,209

 —
 —

 5,623
 —
 5,623
 6,618
 —
 6,618

 ( 11,527)
 —
 ( 11,527)
 ( 20,238)
 —
 ( 20,238)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 10,787
 —
 10,787
 15,788
 —
 15,788

 ( 4,846)
 —
 ( 4,846)
 ( 8,817)
 —
 ( 8,817)

 ( 12,863)
 —
 ( 12,863)
 ( 45,497)
 —
 ( 45,497)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 ( 9,840)
 —
 ( 9,840)
 ( 36,583)
 —
 ( 36,583)

 —
 —

 ( 221,600)
 ( 221,560)

 ( 11,353)
 ( 6)
 ( 11,359)
 21,656
 21,681

 ( 232,953)
 ( 232,919)
 ( 232,953)
 ( 232,919)

 $
 1,753,259
 $
 ( 34,979)
 $
 1,718,280
 $
 1,753,259
 $
 ( 34,979)
 $
 1,718,280

 $
 107,815
 $
 ( 674)
 $
 107,141

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 42,276
 ( 574)
 41,702

 5,296
 —
 5,296

 ( 17,805)
 ( 588)
 ( 18,393)

 7,212
 —
 7,212

 6,925
 —
 6,925

 Other
 2,207
 —
 2,207

 17,469
 30,169

 ( 86,197)
 ( 50,984)
 ( 137,181)

 ( 77,396)
 ( 2,882)
 ( 80,278)

 1,847
 —
 1,847

 24,512
 40,579
 65,091

 ( 8,575)
 ( 7,672)

 10,833
 11,202

 5,687
 —
 5,687

 ( 35,195)
 13,376
 ( 21,819)

 16,389
 2,747
 19,136

 —

 ( 77,530)
 ( 2,980)
 ( 80,510)

 ( 515)
 —
 ( 515)

 ( 83,956)
 ( 2,980)
 ( 86,936)

 509,500
 —
 509,500

 ( 425,000)
 —
 ( 425,000)

 ( 2,741)
 ( 2,508)

 ( 17,572)
 —
 ( 17,572)

 7,579
 —
 7,579

 ( 20,238)
 —
 ( 20,238)

 15,788
 —
 15,788

 ( 9,407)
 —
 ( 9,407)

 57,909
 58,142

 —

 ( 9,413)
 —
 ( 9,413)

 —

 $
 59,731
 $
 —
 $
 59,731

 $
 5,325
 $
 —
 $
 5,325

 18,160
 1,556
 19,716

 $
 904,735
 $
 9,400
 $
 914,135
 $
 2,691,888
 $
 ( 2,323)
 $
 2,689,565

 651,672
 5,202
 656,874
 1,938,673
 ( 6,808)
 1,931,865

 1,600
 —
 1,600
 1,775
 —
 1,775

 251,463
 4,198
 255,661
 751,440
 4,485
 755,925

 27,791
 —
 27,791
 86,752
 —
 86,752

 126,361
 1,829
 128,190
 370,047
 4,829
 374,876

 18,153
 ( 1,124)
 17,029
 52,850
 ( 3,917)
 48,933

 —
 6,862
 —
 6,862

 3,984
 —
 3,984
 12,623
 —
 12,623

 Other
 4,157
 ( 115)
 4,042
 10,041
 10,899

 70,905
 3,608
 74,513
 212,265
 2,715
 214,980

 14,545
 15,402
 48,090
 48,728

 $
 56,360
 $
 2,751
 $
 59,111
 $
 164,175
 $
 2,077
 $
 166,252

 Basic
 $
 1.76
 $
 0.09
 $
 1.85
 $
 5.14
 $
 0.07
 $
 5.20

 $
 1.74
 $
 0.08
 $
 1.82
 $
 5.08
 $
 0.06
 $
 5.14

 $
 56,360
 $
 2,751
 $
 59,111
 $
 164,175
 $
 2,077
 $
 166,252

 ( 6,650)
 ( 5)
 ( 6,655)
 10,637
 10,657

 2,059
 —
 2,059
 5,910
 —
 5,910

 —
 —
 —
 —

 ( 4,591)
 ( 5)
 ( 4,596)
 17,065
 17,085

 $
 51,769
 $
 2,746
 $
 54,515
 $
 181,240
 $
 2,097
 $
 183,337

 $
 50,572
 $
 —
 $
 50,572

 —

 452,967
 —
 452,967

 766,445
 ( 20,765)
 745,680

 831,377
 ( 2,859)
 828,518

 70,081
 2,515
 72,596

 2,172,388
 ( 21,109)
 2,151,279

 886,013
 18,697
 904,710

 57,669
 —
 57,669

 827,319
 —
 827,319

 66,422
 —
 66,422

 9,050
 15,051
 24,101

 48,887
 —
 48,887

 $
 4,067,748
 $
 12,639
 $
 4,080,387

 $
 266,294
 $
 $
 267,194

 98,981
 2,550
 101,531

 353,496
 353,736

 269,633
 21,191
 290,824

 988,404
 24,881
 1,013,285

 958,127
 —
 958,127

 160,635
 —
 160,635

 13,668
 10,951
 24,619

 153,122
 9,040
 162,162

 2,273,956
 44,872
 2,318,828

 —

 7,445
 —
 7,445

 —

 2,634,633
 ( 32,262)
 2,602,371

 —

 —

 —

 ( 237,544)
 ( 237,515)

 1,793,792
 ( 32,233)
 1,761,559

 $
 4,067,748
 $
 12,639
 $
 4,080,387

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —
 —

 ( 127)
 —
 ( 127)
 6,159
 —
 6,159

 3,316
 —
 3,316
 8,952
 —
 8,952

 21,195
 —
 21,195
 103,275
 —
 103,275

 —
 —

 2,587,222
 ( 35,013)
 2,552,209

 56,360
 2,751
 59,111
 164,175
 2,077
 166,252

 ( 8,949)
 —
 ( 8,949)
 ( 26,521)
 —
 ( 26,521)

 2,634,633
 ( 32,262)
 2,602,371
 2,634,633
 ( 32,262)
 2,602,371

 —
 —

 —
 6,743
 —
 6,743

 ( 1,594)
 —
 ( 1,594)
 ( 21,832)
 —
 ( 21,832)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 16,670
 —
 16,670

 ( 4,889)
 —
 ( 4,889)
 ( 13,706)
 —
 ( 13,706)

 ( 10,455)
 —
 ( 10,455)
 ( 55,952)
 —
 ( 55,952)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 ( 10,740)
 —
 ( 10,740)
 ( 47,323)
 —
 ( 47,323)

 —
 —

 ( 232,953)
 ( 232,919)

 ( 4,591)
 ( 5)
 ( 4,596)
 17,065
 17,085

 ( 237,544)
 ( 237,515)
 ( 237,544)
 ( 237,515)

 $
 1,793,792
 $
 ( 32,233)
 $
 1,761,559
 $
 1,793,792
 $
 ( 32,233)
 $
 1,761,559

 Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows

 $
 164,175
 $
 2,077
 $
 166,252

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 64,302
 ( 968)
 63,334

 7,677
 —
 7,677

 ( 26,483)
 ( 26,458)

 11,301
 —
 11,301

 8,637
 —
 8,637

 Other
 5,374
 —
 5,374

 ( 18,677)
 ( 5,977)

 ( 57,723)
 ( 51,008)
 ( 108,731)

 ( 105,629)
 ( 2,654)
 ( 108,283)

 —

 ( 26,882)
 40,464
 13,582

 36,928
 ( 10,756)
 26,172

 9,832
 10,444

 8,783
 —
 8,783

 ( 35,978)
 13,353
 ( 22,625)

 46,555
 3,845
 50,400

 —

 ( 109,616)
 ( 4,207)
 ( 113,823)

 1,627
 —
 1,627

 ( 646)
 —
 ( 646)

 ( 114,546)
 ( 4,207)
 ( 118,753)

 784,500
 —
 784,500

 ( 691,000)
 —
 ( 691,000)

 ( 4,468)
 ( 4,106)

 ( 26,521)
 —
 ( 26,521)

 7,579
 —
 7,579

 ( 21,832)
 —
 ( 21,832)

 16,670
 —
 16,670

 ( 14,296)
 —
 ( 14,296)

 50,632
 50,994

 ( 267)
 —
 ( 267)

 ( 17,626)
 —
 ( 17,626)

 —

 $
 51,518
 $
 —
 $
 51,518

 $
 5,323
 $
 —
 $
 5,323

 27,034
 1,876
 28,910

 Consolidated Statement of Earnings

 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2024

 $
 3,609,160
 $
 ( 200)
 $

 2,605,214
 ( 15,689)
 2,589,525

 7,027
 —
 7,027

 996,919
 15,489
 1,012,408

 112,773
 —
 112,773

 494,887
 6,366
 501,253

 62,112
 4,218
 66,330

 22,149
 —
 22,149

 23,788
 —
 23,788

 —

 Other
 14,376
 2,972
 17,348

 267,813
 1,933
 269,746

 60,593
 60,960

 $
 207,220
 $
 1,566
 $

 Basic
 $
 6.48
 $
 0.05
 $
 6.53

 $
 6.40
 $
 0.05
 $
 6.45

 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2024

 $
 207,220
 $
 1,566
 $

 44,948
 44,955

 5,374
 6,315

 —

 50,840

 $
 258,060
 $
 2,514
 $
 260,574

 Consolidated Balance Sheet

 $
 61,694
 $
 —
 $
 61,694

 —

 419,971
 —
 419,971

 709,014
 ( 18,442)
 690,572

 863,702
 ( 1,161)
 862,541

 86,245
 1,500
 87,745

 2,140,749
 ( 18,103)
 2,122,646

 929,357
 ( 769)
 928,588

 52,591
 —
 52,591

 833,764
 —
 833,764

 63,479
 —
 63,479

 20,991
 2,893
 23,884

 52,695
 —
 52,695

 $
 4,093,626
 $
 ( 15,979)
 $

 $
 292,988
 $
 $
 293,888

 101,127
 2,900
 104,027

 299,732
 2,394
 302,126

 305,180
 8,193
 313,373

 999,027
 14,387
 1,013,414

 874,139
 —
 874,139

 167,161
 —
 167,161

 27,738
 ( 86)
 27,652

 164,928
 1,536
 166,464

 2,232,993
 15,837
 2,248,830

 —

 7,445
 —
 7,445

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1,860,633
 ( 31,816)
 1,828,817

 $
 4,093,626
 $
 ( 15,979)
 $

 Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity

 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2024

 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 8,572
 —
 8,572

 11,737
 —
 11,737

 155,930
 —
 155,930

 —

 207,220
 1,566

 —

 —

 12,436
 —
 12,436

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 22,247)
 —
 ( 22,247)

 ( 85,235)
 —
 ( 85,235)

 —

 —

 ( 70,695)
 —
 ( 70,695)

 —

 50,840

 $
 1,860,633
 $
 ( 31,816)
 $
 1,828,817

 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2024

 $
 207,220
 $
 1,566
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 82,957
 2,921
 85,878

 10,149
 —
 10,149

 ( 31,735)
 2,084
 ( 29,651)

 —

 29,176
 —
 29,176

 —

 Other
 6,512
 ( 229)
 6,283

 23,262
 35,962

 2,856
 ( 53,330)
 ( 50,474)

 ( 126,978)
 ( 4,352)
 ( 131,330)

 26,446
 —
 26,446

 ( 84,296)
 42,579
 ( 41,717)

 26,493
 ( 18,593)
 7,900

 16,219
 ( 1,717)
 14,502

 11,791
 —
 11,791

 ( 11,708)
 11,889

 202,344
 ( 4,482)
 197,862

 —

 ( 156,018)
 4,023
 ( 151,995)

 1,627
 —
 1,627

 Net proceeds from buildings sold
 1,453
 —
 1,453

 ( 766)
 —
 ( 766)

 ( 159,615)
 4,023
 ( 155,592)

 1,038,500
 —
 1,038,500

 ( 1,029,500)
 —
 ( 1,029,500)

 ( 6,496)
 ( 6,037)

 —

 15,685
 —
 15,685

 —

 —

 ( 22,837)
 —
 ( 22,837)

 ( 48,660)
 ( 48,201)

 1,324
 —
 1,324

 ( 4,607)
 —
 ( 4,607)

 —

 $
 $
 —
 $

 Interest paid
 $
 61,164
 $
 4,218
 $
 65,382

 Income taxes paid, net of refunds
 78,482
 —
 78,482

 5,323
 —
 5,323

 45,086
 ( 5,703)
 39,383

 $
 910,315
 $
 ( 2,433)
 $
 907,882

 668,040
 ( 5,236)
 662,804

 —
 —
 —

 242,275
 2,803
 245,078

 23,605
 —
 23,605

 127,781
 128,137

 17,002
 ( 754)
 16,248

 3,784
 —
 3,784

 Other
 1,524
 ( 2,655)
 ( 1,131)

 68,579
 5,856
 74,435

 15,466
 1,443
 16,909

 $
 53,113
 $
 4,413
 $
 57,526

 Basic
 $
 1.66
 $
 0.14
 $
 1.80

 $
 1.64
 $
 0.14
 $
 1.78

 $
 53,113
 $
 4,413
 $
 57,526

 ( 41,696)
 ( 41,596)

 3,092
 ( 941)
 2,151

 —

 ( 38,342)
 ( 841)
 ( 39,183)

 $
 14,771
 $
 3,572
 $
 18,343

 $
 73,448
 $
 —
 $
 73,448

 —

 472,310
 —
 472,310

 735,759
 ( 13,375)
 722,384

 886,088
 ( 1,260)
 884,828

 77,783
 —
 77,783

 2,245,748
 ( 14,635)
 2,231,113

 934,087
 —
 934,087

 56,744
 —
 56,744

 818,503
 —
 818,503

 59,469
 —
 59,469

 24,219
 3,471
 27,690

 54,242
 —
 54,242

 $
 4,193,012
 $
 ( 11,164)
 $
 4,181,848

 $
 267,054
 $
 $
 267,954

 68,366
 —
 68,366

 293,550
 ( 390)
 293,160

 284,849
 16,614
 301,463

 913,819
 17,124
 930,943

 1,104,151
 —
 1,104,151

 162,222
 —
 162,222

 26,080
 ( 44)
 26,036

 171,962
 —
 171,962

 2,378,234
 17,080
 2,395,314

 43,844
 —
 43,844

 7,436
 —
 7,436

 —

 2,712,875
 ( 28,360)
 2,684,515

 —

 —

 —

 ( 242,111)
 ( 241,995)

 1,814,778
 ( 28,244)
 1,786,534

 $
 4,193,012
 $
 ( 11,164)
 $
 4,181,848

 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 2,413
 —
 2,413

 3,346
 —
 3,346

 ( 13,208)
 —
 ( 13,208)

 —

 53,113
 4,413
 57,526

 ( 8,961)
 —
 ( 8,961)

 2,712,875
 ( 28,360)
 2,684,515

 —

 —

 ( 59,775)
 —
 ( 59,775)

 —

 —

 9,665
 —
 9,665

 ( 8,087)
 —
 ( 8,087)

 6,252
 —
 6,252

 —

 —

 6,956
 —
 6,956

 —

 ( 38,342)
 ( 841)
 ( 39,183)

 ( 242,111)
 ( 241,995)

 $
 1,814,778
 $
 ( 28,244)
 $
 1,786,534

 Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows

 $
 53,113
 $
 4,413
 $
 57,526

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 23,478
 ( 1,049)
 22,429

 2,323
 —
 2,323

 ( 3,577)
 ( 684)
 ( 4,261)

 4,325
 —
 4,325

 Other
 2,708
 ( 1,307)
 1,401

 ( 63,037)
 —
 ( 63,037)

 ( 31,073)
 ( 5,067)
 ( 36,140)

 ( 48,711)
 ( 48,612)

 ( 22,973)
 —
 ( 22,973)

 ( 1,314)
 ( 2,729)
 ( 4,043)

 ( 29,372)
 2,071
 ( 27,301)

 ( 9,698)
 3,046
 ( 6,652)

 1,555
 ( 919)

 ( 10,031)
 1,500
 ( 8,531)

 ( 132,284)
 ( 626)
 ( 132,910)

 ( 32,778)
 —
 ( 32,778)

 —

 —

 ( 19,122)
 —
 ( 19,122)

 426,500
 —
 426,500

 ( 197,000)
 —
 ( 197,000)

 ( 2,745)
 ( 2,119)

 ( 8,961)
 —
 ( 8,961)

 ( 55,692)
 —
 ( 55,692)

 9,665
 —
 9,665

 ( 8,087)
 —
 ( 8,087)

 ( 439)
 —
 ( 439)

 163,241
 163,867

 ( 2,564)
 —
 ( 2,564)

 9,271
 —
 9,271

 —

 $
 73,808
 $
 —
 $
 73,808

 $
 3,186
 $
 —
 $
 3,186

 18,862
 ( 1,690)
 17,172

 $
 934,840
 $
 ( 818)
 $
 934,022
 $
 1,845,155
 $
 ( 3,251)
 $
 1,841,904

 676,648
 ( 1,393)
 675,255
 1,344,688
 ( 6,629)
 1,338,059

 2,149
 —
 2,149
 2,149
 —
 2,149

 256,043
 256,618
 498,318
 3,378
 501,696

 24,481
 —
 24,481
 48,086
 —
 48,086

 133,102
 133,932
 260,883
 1,186
 262,069

 19,548
 —
 19,548
 36,550
 ( 754)
 35,796

 2,425
 —
 2,425
 6,209
 —
 6,209

 Other
 2,908
 1,266
 4,174
 4,432
 ( 1,389)
 3,043

 73,579
 ( 1,521)
 72,058
 142,158
 4,335
 146,493

 17,825
 ( 377)
 17,448
 33,291
 1,066
 34,357

 $
 55,754
 $
 ( 1,144)
 $
 54,610
 $
 108,867
 $
 3,269
 $
 112,136

 Basic
 $
 1.77
 $
 ( 0.04)
 $
 1.73
 $
 3.43
 $
 0.10
 $
 3.53

 $
 1.75
 $
 ( 0.04)
 $
 1.71
 $
 3.38
 $
 0.10
 $
 3.48

 $
 55,754
 $
 ( 1,144)
 $
 54,610
 $
 108,867
 $
 3,269
 $
 112,136

 22,988
 22,999
 ( 18,708)
 ( 18,597)

 1,724
 —
 1,724
 4,816
 ( 941)
 3,875

 —
 —

 25,112
 25,123
 ( 13,230)
 ( 830)
 ( 14,060)

 $
 80,866
 $
 ( 1,133)
 $
 79,733
 $
 95,637
 $
 2,439
 $
 98,076

 $
 62,124
 $
 —
 $
 62,124

 —

 537,179
 —
 537,179

 733,762
 ( 14,193)
 719,569

 902,551
 ( 1,330)
 901,221

 95,554
 —
 95,554

 2,331,772
 ( 15,523)
 2,316,249

 960,015
 —
 960,015

 55,354
 —
 55,354

 825,415
 —
 825,415

 57,915
 —
 57,915

 31,638
 3,323
 34,961

 57,146
 —
 57,146

 $
 4,319,255
 $
 ( 12,200)
 $
 4,307,055

 $
 293,052
 $
 $
 293,952

 69,411
 —
 69,411

 306,772
 307,640

 282,180
 15,457
 297,637

 951,415
 17,225
 968,640

 1,165,662
 —
 1,165,662

 172,395
 —
 172,395

 26,384
 ( 48)
 26,336

 167,982
 —
 167,982

 2,483,838
 17,177
 2,501,015

 43,852
 —
 43,852

 7,428
 —
 7,428

 —

 2,759,484
 ( 29,504)
 2,729,980

 —

 —

 —

 ( 216,999)
 ( 216,872)

 1,835,417
 ( 29,377)
 1,806,040

 $
 4,319,255
 $
 ( 12,200)
 $
 4,307,055

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —
 —

 6,137
 —
 6,137
 8,550
 —
 8,550

 2,668
 —
 2,668
 6,014
 —
 6,014

 ( 35,746)
 —
 ( 35,746)
 ( 48,954)
 —
 ( 48,954)

 —
 —

 2,712,875
 ( 28,360)
 2,684,515

 55,754
 ( 1,144)
 54,610
 108,867
 3,269
 112,136

 ( 9,145)
 —
 ( 9,145)
 ( 18,106)
 —
 ( 18,106)

 2,759,484
 ( 29,504)
 2,729,980
 2,759,484
 ( 29,504)
 2,729,980

 —
 —

 4,790
 —
 4,790
 5,563
 —
 5,563

 ( 67,580)
 —
 ( 67,580)
 ( 127,355)
 —
 ( 127,355)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 9,624
 —
 9,624
 19,289
 —
 19,289

 ( 6,721)
 —
 ( 6,721)
 ( 14,808)
 —
 ( 14,808)

 20,371
 —
 20,371
 26,623
 —
 26,623

 —
 —

 —
 —

 15,375
 —
 15,375
 22,331
 —
 22,331

 —
 —

 ( 242,111)
 ( 241,995)

 25,112
 25,123
 ( 13,230)
 ( 830)
 ( 14,060)

 ( 216,999)
 ( 216,872)
 ( 216,999)
 ( 216,872)

 $
 1,835,417
 $
 ( 29,377)
 $
 1,806,040
 $
 1,835,417
 $
 ( 29,377)
 $
 1,806,040

 $
 108,867
 $
 3,269
 $
 112,136

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 45,822
 ( 1,043)
 44,779

 4,629
 —
 4,629

 ( 12,252)
 ( 572)
 ( 12,824)

 8,020
 —
 8,020

 Other
 2,997
 ( 706)
 2,291

 ( 123,555)
 —
 ( 123,555)

 ( 26,967)
 ( 4,249)
 ( 31,216)

 ( 54,209)
 ( 54,040)

 1,975
 —
 1,975

 9,964
 ( 1,463)
 8,501

 ( 30,966)
 1,443
 ( 29,523)

 ( 24,986)
 2,557
 ( 22,429)

 12,986
 ( 919)
 12,067

 ( 15,187)
 1,482
 ( 13,705)

 ( 92,862)
 ( 32)
 ( 92,894)

 ( 70,382)
 —
 ( 70,382)

 —

 ( 2,062)
 —
 ( 2,062)

 ( 58,957)
 —
 ( 58,957)

 752,500
 —
 752,500

 ( 462,000)
 —
 ( 462,000)

 ( 4,501)
 ( 4,469)

 ( 18,106)
 —
 ( 18,106)

 7,825
 —
 7,825

 ( 126,425)
 —
 ( 126,425)

 19,289
 —
 19,289

 ( 14,808)
 —
 ( 14,808)

 ( 1,457)
 —
 ( 1,457)

 152,317
 152,349

 ( 2,309)
 —
 ( 2,309)

 —

 —

 $
 62,726
 $
 —
 $
 62,726

 $
 6,288
 $
 —
 $
 6,288

 25,094
 ( 1,095)
 23,999

 $
 971,363
 $
 ( 1,781)
 $
 969,582
 $
 2,816,518
 $
 ( 5,032)
 $
 2,811,486

 699,685
 ( 2,772)
 696,913
 2,044,373
 ( 9,401)
 2,034,972

 5,839
 —
 5,839
 7,988
 —
 7,988

 265,839
 266,830
 764,157
 4,369
 768,526

 21,906
 —
 21,906
 69,992
 —
 69,992

 138,801
 139,748
 399,684
 2,133
 401,817

 17,790
 —
 17,790
 54,340
 ( 754)
 53,586

 3,000
 —
 3,000
 3,000
 —
 3,000

 2,850
 —
 2,850
 9,059
 —
 9,059

 Other
 3,510
 1,673
 5,183
 7,942
 8,226

 77,982
 ( 1,629)
 76,353
 220,140
 2,706
 222,846

 18,275
 ( 408)
 17,867
 51,566
 52,224

 $
 59,707
 $
 ( 1,221)
 $
 58,486
 $
 168,574
 $
 2,048
 $
 170,622

 Basic
 $
 1.89
 $
 ( 0.04)
 $
 1.86
 $
 5.32
 $
 0.06
 $
 5.38

 $
 1.87
 $
 ( 0.04)
 $
 1.83
 $
 5.25
 $
 0.06
 $
 5.32

 $
 59,707
 $
 ( 1,221)
 $
 58,486
 $
 168,574
 $
 2,048
 $
 170,622

 53,380
 ( 57)
 53,323
 34,672
 34,726

 1,112
 —
 1,112
 5,928
 ( 941)
 4,987

 —
 1,166
 —
 1,166

 54,996
 ( 57)
 54,939
 41,766
 ( 887)
 40,879

 $
 114,703
 $
 ( 1,278)
 $
 113,425
 $
 210,340
 $
 1,161
 $
 211,501

 $
 58,191
 $
 —
 $
 58,191

 —

 529,753
 —
 529,753

 734,976
 ( 15,974)
 719,002

 924,682
 —
 924,682

 153,479
 —
 153,479

 2,401,904
 ( 15,974)
 2,385,930

 988,125
 —
 988,125

 52,877
 —
 52,877

 802,089
 —
 802,089

 57,182
 —
 57,182

 37,701
 3,420
 41,121

 56,696
 —
 56,696

 $
 4,396,574
 $
 ( 12,554)
 $
 4,384,020

 $
 289,160
 $
 —
 $
 289,160

 98,292
 —
 98,292

 298,648
 2,622
 301,270

 302,514
 15,529
 318,043

 988,614
 18,151
 1,006,765

 1,081,674
 —
 1,081,674

 177,688
 —
 177,688

 27,664
 ( 50)
 27,614

 177,233
 —
 177,233

 2,452,873
 18,101
 2,470,974

 43,864
 —
 43,864

 7,416
 —
 7,416

 —

 2,810,050
 ( 30,725)
 2,779,325

 —

 —

 —

 ( 162,003)
 ( 161,933)

 1,943,701
 ( 30,655)
 1,913,046

 $
 4,396,574
 $
 ( 12,554)
 $
 4,384,020

 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —
 —

 3,035
 —
 3,035
 11,585
 —
 11,585

 3,659
 —
 3,659
 9,673
 —
 9,673

 13,122
 —
 13,122
 ( 35,832)
 —
 ( 35,832)

 —
 —

 2,759,484
 ( 29,504)
 2,729,980

 59,707
 ( 1,221)
 58,486
 168,574
 2,048
 170,622

 ( 9,141)
 —
 ( 9,141)
 ( 27,247)
 —
 ( 27,247)

 2,810,050
 ( 30,725)
 2,779,325
 2,810,050
 ( 30,725)
 2,779,325

 —
 —

 —
 5,673
 —
 5,673

 ( 1,383)
 —
 ( 1,383)
 ( 128,738)
 —
 ( 128,738)

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 20,287
 —
 20,287

 ( 3,697)
 —
 ( 3,697)
 ( 18,505)
 —
 ( 18,505)

 ( 7,570)
 —
 ( 7,570)
 19,053
 —
 19,053

 —
 —

 —
 —

 ( 5,552)
 —
 ( 5,552)
 16,779
 —
 16,779

 —
 —

 ( 216,999)
 ( 216,872)

 54,996
 ( 57)
 54,939
 41,766
 ( 887)
 40,879

 ( 162,003)
 ( 161,933)
 ( 162,003)
 ( 161,933)

 $
 1,943,701
 $
 ( 30,655)
 $
 1,913,046
 $
 1,943,701
 $
 ( 30,655)
 $
 1,913,046

 Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows

 $
 168,574
 $
 2,048
 $
 170,622

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

 69,292
 ( 1,040)
 68,252

 6,996
 —
 6,996

 ( 18,645)
 ( 997)
 ( 19,642)

 12,669
 —
 12,669

 10,988
 —
 10,988

 Other
 4,399
 ( 751)
 3,648

 ( 105,346)
 —
 ( 105,346)

 ( 35,174)
 ( 2,468)
 ( 37,642)

 ( 64,095)
 ( 1,161)
 ( 65,256)

 ( 3,301)
 ( 900)
 ( 4,201)

 8,798
 9,009

 ( 6,645)
 1,849
 ( 4,796)

 ( 22,669)
 2,574
 ( 20,095)

 15,563
 ( 919)
 14,644

 ( 8,941)
 1,488
 ( 7,453)

 32,463
 ( 66)
 32,397

 ( 103,041)
 —
 ( 103,041)

 —

 ( 2,844)
 —
 ( 2,844)

 ( 92,398)
 —
 ( 92,398)

 957,500
 —
 957,500

 ( 1,001,500)
 —
 ( 1,001,500)

 Proceeds from long-term debt
 250,000
 —
 250,000

 ( 7,194)
 ( 7,128)

 ( 27,247)
 —
 ( 27,247)

 10,970
 —
 10,970

 ( 127,808)
 —
 ( 127,808)

 20,287
 —
 20,287

 ( 18,505)
 —
 ( 18,505)

 ( 1,600)
 —
 ( 1,600)

 54,903
 54,969

 ( 491)
 —
 ( 491)

 ( 5,523)
 —
 ( 5,523)

 —

 $
 59,014
 $
 —
 $
 59,014

 $
 6,288
 $
 —
 $
 6,288

 36,787
 ( 1,130)
 35,657

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Moog Inc.

 Opinion on the Financial Statements

 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Moog Inc. (the Company) as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 27, 2025, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(2) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 27, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated November 26, 2025 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

 Basis for Opinion

 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 Critical Audit Matter

 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosure to which it relates.

 Estimated costs at completion used to recognize revenue for select long-term production contracts

 Description of the Matter
 As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue over time for U.S. Government contracts and certain large commercial contracts. Revenue is recognized for these contracts using the cost-to-cost method of accounting as work progresses toward completion as determined by the ratio of cumulative costs incurred to date to estimated total contract costs at completion, multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue, less cumulative revenue recognized in prior periods. The Company regularly reviews the progress and performance on its ongoing contracts and adjusts the estimated costs at completion, as necessary. A change in these estimates could have a significant impact on the revenue recognition for select contracts with a higher magnitude and longer term of duration.
 For a select group of long-term production contracts, auditing management's estimates of the total costs at completion required a high degree of subjectivity and audit effort due to the judgment involved in evaluating the assumptions related to estimated material and labor costs to be incurred over the duration of these select contracts.

 How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
 We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the control over management's review of estimated total contract costs at completion for these select long-term production contracts, including the data used in determining the underlying assumptions described above.

 To test the accuracy of the Company's estimated total contract costs at completion for the select long-term production contracts, our audit procedures included, among others, inquiries of key personnel involved in developing the estimates, inspection of historical program costs to support the future estimated costs, sensitivity analyses to evaluate changes in the revenue recognized that would result from changes in the estimated total contract costs at completion, and/or analytical procedures comparing profit rates to similar contracts. We assessed the historical accuracy of management's estimated total contract costs at completion. We also tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data back to source documents and contracts.

 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003.

 Buffalo, New York
 November 26, 2025

 MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025 based upon the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 27, 2025, due to the material weakness described below.
 A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because the control deficiency described below could have resulted in a material misstatement of its annual or interim financial statements, the Company determined that this deficiency constitutes a material weakness.
 Management identified a material weakness in the design and operation of its controls over a distinct group of long-term aftermarket service revenue contracts in the Company's Commercial Aircraft segment. Specifically, management did not have adequate controls to address the completeness and accuracy of key inputs utilized in recognizing revenue and contract losses for these contracts.
 Notwithstanding such material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with GAAP.
 We completed one acquisition in 2025, which was excluded from our management's report on internal controls over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025. On July 1, 2025, we acquired COTSWORKS, Inc. This acquisition in included in our 2025 consolidated financial statements and constituted $67.5 million and $61.2 million of total and net assets, respectively, as of September 27, 2025 and $4.7 million and $2.2 million of revenues and net loss, respectively, for the year then ended.
 Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of their audit, has issued their report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

 /s/ PAT ROCHE

 Pat Roche

 Chief Executive Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 /s/ JENNIFER WALTER

 Jennifer Walter

 Chief Financial Officer

 (Principal Financial Officer)

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Moog Inc.

 Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 We have audited Moog Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described below on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, Moog Inc. (the Company) has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.

 A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management's assessment.

 Management has identified a material weakness in the design and operation of its controls over long-term aftermarket service revenue contracts in the Company's Commercial Aircraft segment. Specifically, management did not have adequate review controls to address the completeness and accuracy of key inputs utilized in recognizing revenue and contract losses for these contracts.

 As indicated in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting, management's assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal control of COTSWORKS, Inc. which is included in the 2025 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted $67.5 million and $61.2 million of total and net assets, respectively, as of September 27, 2025 and $4.7 million and $2.2 million of revenues and net loss. respectively, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal controls over financial reporting of COTSWORKS, Inc.

 We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 27, 2025 and September 28, 2024, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 27, 2025, and the related notes and schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2). The material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2025 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated November 26, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 Basis for Opinion

 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 Buffalo, New York
 November 26, 2025

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

 Not applicable.

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures.

 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 The Company's management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of September 27, 2025, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weakness described below.
 Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Company's internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company's management assessed the design and operating effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025, based on the framework set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 27, 2025, due to the material weakness described below.
 A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because the control deficiency described below could have resulted in a material misstatement of its annual or interim financial statements, the Company determined that this deficiency constitutes a material weakness.
 Management identified a material weakness in the design and operation of its controls over distinct long-term aftermarket service revenue contracts in the Company's Commercial Aircraft segment. Specifically, management did not have adequate controls to address the completeness and accuracy of key inputs utilized in recognizing revenue and contract losses for these contracts. The material weakness existed as of September 27, 2025 and prior periods.
 Notwithstanding such material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with GAAP.
 We completed one acquisition in the fiscal year ended September 27, which was excluded from our management's report on internal controls over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025. On July 1, 2025, we acquired COTSWORKS, Inc. This acquisition is included in our 2025 consolidated financial statements and constituted $67.5 million and $61.2 million of total and net assets, respectively, as of September 27, 2025 and $4.7 million and $2.2 million of revenues and net loss, respectively, for the year then ended. As a result of this acquisition, the Company is in the process of reviewing the internal control structures of this business and, if necessary, will make appropriate changes as the Company incorporates its controls and procedures into the acquired business.
 Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2025. That report is included herein.

 Remediation Plan
 The Company has begun the process of, and is focused on, designing and implementing effective internal control measures to improve its internal control over financial reporting and remediate the material weakness identified above. The Company's internal control remediation efforts include the following:
 i)Design and implement targeted controls that address the completeness and accuracy of the inputs used in recognizing revenue and contract losses for the group of contracts described in the material weakness identified above.
 ii)Enhance the design of certain policies and controls relating to access rights, data control, and change management in our information technology applications associated with the key reports used for these long-term aftermarket service contracts.
 iii)Develop and implement additional training programs for relevant personnel addressing controls around the completeness and accuracy of key inputs and management review controls around accuracy and reasonableness of financial information used in the long-term aftermarket service revenue process.
 iv)Reevaluate the talent and skillset of individuals involved in key management review control procedures for these contracts.

 The Company expects that the actions described above and resulting improvements in controls will strengthen its internal control over financial reporting and will address the identified material weakness.
 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 Except as noted above in relation to the material weakness, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of their audit, has issued their report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

 Item 9B.

 Other Information.

 During the quarter ended September 27, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

 Not applicable.

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

 Information concerning the Company's directors required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K will appear under the caption "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information concerning the Company's executive officers required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K is presented under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers" in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by Items 407(d)(4) and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Audit Committee" and "Audit Committee Report" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
 We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller. The code of ethics is available upon request without charge by contacting our Chief Financial Officer at 716-652-2000.
 In the event that we amend or grant any waiver from a provision of the code of ethics that applies to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer and that requires disclosure under applicable SEC rules, we intend to disclose such amendment or waiver and the reasons on our website.
 We have adopted an insider trading policy addressing the purchase, sale and other disposition of our securities by our directors and employees that is reasonably designed to promote compliance with U.S. Federal insider trading laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the NYSE. That policy is filed as Exhibit 19 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation.

 Information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation of Executive Officers," and "Compensation of Directors" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by Item 407(e)(4) and 407(e)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Executive Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "The Executive Compensation Committee Report" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 Information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

 Information required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Related Party Transactions" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Director Independence" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 14.

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

 Information required by this Item 14 will be included under the caption "Audit Fees and Pre-Approval Policy" in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 Documents filed as part of this report:

 Financial Statements

 Consolidated Statements of Earnings

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*

 *Ernst & Young LLP, PCAOB Firm ID No. 000 42.

 Financial Statement Schedules

 II.

 Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.

 Schedules other than that listed above are omitted because the conditions requiring their filing do not exist or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the Notes thereto.

 Exhibits

 Exhibit No.
 Exhibit Description
 Form
 Filing Date or Filed Herewith

 Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws.

 3.1
 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Moog Inc.

 November 12, 2013

 3.2
 Amended and Restated By-laws of Moog Inc., dated November 25, 2024.

 November 27, 2024

 Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures.

 4.1
 Indenture between Moog Inc. and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. as Trustee, dated December 13, 2019, relating to the 4.25% Senior Notes due 2027.

 December 13, 2019

 4.2
 Description of Registrant's Securities.

 November 12, 2019

 4.3
 Supplemental Indenture between Moog Inc., Moog Military Aircraft LLC and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, dated December 11, 2023, relating to the 4.25% Senior Notes due 2027.

 April 26, 2024

 Material Contracts

 Credit and Securitization Agreements

 10.1
 Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated November 4, 2021, by and among Moog Receivables LLC, as Seller, Moog Inc. as Master Servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

 November 10, 2021

 10.2
 First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated June 29, 2022, by and among Moog Receivables LLC, as Seller, Moog Inc. as Master Servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

 November 14, 2023

 10.3
 Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated March 31, 2023, by and among Moog Receivables LLC, as Seller, Moog Inc. as Master Servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

 November 14, 2023

 10.4
 Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated December 13, 2023, by and among Moog Receivables LLC, as Seller, Moog Inc. as Master Servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

 April 26, 2024

 10.5
 Sixth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement between Moog Inc. and the Lenders and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders dated as of October 27, 2022.

 November 1, 2022

 10.6
 Seventh Amended and Restated Loan Agreement between Moog Inc. and the Lenders and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders dated as of May 30, 2025.

 June 4, 2025

 10.7
 Credit Agreement by and between Moog Inc. Stock Employee Compensation Trust and Citizens Bank, N.A. dated July 26, 2018.

 November 14, 2023

 10.8
 Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement by and between Moog Inc. Stock Employee Compensation Trust and Citizens Bank, N.A. dated November 6, 2024.

 November 27, 2024

 Management Contracts or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement

 10.9
 2008 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.

 14A
 December 10, 2007

 10.10
 First Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2008 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.

 14A
 December 13, 2012

 10.11
 Second Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2008 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.

 December 26, 2012

 10.12
 Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement under 2008 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.

 November 25, 2008

 10.13
 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 14A
 December 12, 2014

 10.14
 First Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan, effective November 17, 2015.

 10.15
 Second Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan, effective November 15, 2016.

 10.16
 Third Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan, effective November 11, 2019.

 10.17
 Fourth Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan, effective November 17, 2020.

 10.18
 Fifth Amendment to the Moog Inc. 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan, effective November 16, 2021.

 January 28, 2022

 10.19
 Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 November 20, 2015

 10.20
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 November 20, 2015

 10.21
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 15, 2021).

 November 15, 2021

 10.22
 Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 15, 2021).

 November 15, 2021

 10.23
 Form of Time Vested Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 17, 2020).

 November 15, 2021

 10.24
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 15, 2022).

 February 3, 2023

 10.25
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 14, 2023).

 January 26, 2024

 10.26
 Form of Time Vested Award Agreement under the 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 January 24, 2025

 10.27
 2023 Management Short Term Incentive Plan.

 10.28
 Moog Inc. 2025 Short Term Incentive Plan, effective September 29, 2024.

 November 27, 2024

 10.29
 Moog Inc. Short Term Incentive Plan, effective September 28, 2025.

 X

 10.30
 Moog Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers, amended and restated effective January 1, 2005.

 10.31
 First Amendment to the Moog Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers, effective November 16, 2021.

 January 28, 2022

 10.32
 Form of Employment Termination Benefits Agreement between Moog Inc.and Employee-Officers.

 September 25, 1999

 10.33
 Form of Employment Termination Benefits Agreement between Moog Inc. and Employee-Officers.

 April 28, 2023

 10.34
 Form UK Severance Benefit Agreement.

 August 8, 2024

 10.35
 Moog Inc. Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan.

 November 12, 2025

 10.36
 Form of Indemnification Agreement for officers, directors and key employees.

 December 1, 2004

 10.37
 Moog Inc. Plan to Equalize Retirement Income and Supplemental Retirement Plan dated August 9, 2017.

 August 11, 2017

 10.38
 Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated March 4, 2016.

 May 2, 2016

 10.39
 First Amendment to the Defined Contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated July 26, 2018.

 July 27, 2018

 10.40
 Moog Inc. Retirement Savings Restoration Plan.

 10.41
 First Amendment to the Moog Inc. Retirement Savings Restoration Plan.

 10.42
 Moog Inc. 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 DEF 14A
 December 17, 2024

 10.43
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 11, 2025).

 X

 10.44
 Form of Stock Bonus Award Agreement under the 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 11, 2025).

 X

 10.45
 Form of Other Stock-Based Award Agreement under the 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 11, 2025).

 X

 10.46
 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan (for awards granted on or after November 11, 2025).

 X

 10.47
 Other Material Contracts

 Moog Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan Trust, as amended and restated, effective January 1, 2015.

 May 4, 2015

 10.48
 Moog Inc. Stock Employee Compensation Trust Agreement amended and restated as of August 13, 2014.

 February 3, 2015

 10.49
 Amendment No.1 to the Moog Inc. Stock Employee Compensation Trust Agreement, dated May 8, 2018.

 July 27, 2018

 Other Exhibits

 Moog Inc. Insider Trading Policy.

 November 27, 2024

 Registrant Subsidiary Listing.

 X

 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.

 X

 Moog Inc. Compensation Clawback Policy, dated November 2023.

 November 14, 2023

 Executive Certifications

 31.1
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 31.2
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 32.1
 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 Interactive Data Files

 101.INS
 X

 101.SCH
 X

 101.CAL
 X

 101.DEF
 X

 101.LAB
 X

 101.PRE
 X

 X

 All of the exhibits listed above have been filed under Moog Inc., Securities and Exchange Commission file number 1-05129.

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary.

 None.

 Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 Schedule II

 Additions

 Foreign

 Balance at
 charged to

 exchange
 Balance

 beginning
 expenses and

 impact
 at end

 Description
 of year
 other accounts
 Deductions*
 and other
 of year

 Fiscal year ended September 30, 2023

 Contract reserves
 $
 66,288
 $
 80,180
 $
 83,421
 $
 ( 72)
 $
 62,975

 Allowance for credit losses
 4,608
 1,786
 2,200
 ( 184)
 4,010

 Reserve for inventory valuation
 140,605
 20,286
 21,336
 2,244
 141,799

 Deferred tax valuation allowance
 8,650
 2,454
 4,254
 ( 420)
 6,430

 Fiscal year ended September 28, 2024

 Contract reserves
 $
 62,975
 $
 133,180
 $
 114,880
 $
 ( 95)
 $
 81,180

 Allowance for credit losses
 4,010
 1,117
 2,145
 3,073

 Reserve for inventory valuation
 141,799
 21,576
 16,903
 2,642
 149,114

 Deferred tax valuation allowance
 6,430
 4,693
 —
 10,905

 Fiscal year ended September 27, 2025

 Contract reserves
 $
 81,180
 $
 65,755
 $
 62,146
 $
 ( 429)
 $
 84,360

 Allowance for credit losses
 3,073
 1,316
 2,603

 Reserve for inventory valuation
 149,114
 27,734
 31,218
 146,131

 Deferred tax valuation allowance
 10,905
 2,571
 1,159
 —
 12,317

 * Includes the effects of divestitures.

 Signatures
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 Moog Inc.
 (Registrant)

 By
 /s/ PAT ROCHE

 Pat Roche

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 Date:
 November 26, 2025

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 26, 2025.

 /s/ PAT ROCHE
 /s/ WILLIAM G. GISEL, JR.

 Pat Roche
 William G. Gisel, Jr.

 Chief Executive Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 /s/ JENNIFER WALTER
 /s/ PETER J. GUNDERMANN

 Jennifer Walter
 Peter J. Gundermann

 Chief Financial Officer

 (Principal Financial Officer)

 /s/ NICHOLAS HART
 /s/ KRAIG H. KAYSER

 Nicholas Hart
 Kraig H. Kayser

 Controller

 (Principal Accounting Officer)

 /s/ JOHN R. SCANNELL
 /s/ MAHESH NARANG

 John R. Scannell
 Mahesh Narang

 Chairman of the Board and Director

 /s/ JANET M. COLETTI
 /s/ BRENDA L. REICHELDERFER

 Janet M. Coletti
 Brenda L. Reichelderfer

 /s/ DONALD R. FISHBACK

 Donald R. Fishback