UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-K

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024
 OR
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 For the transition period from __to __
 Commission File Number: 001-41211

 (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 Delaware
 87-4154342

 (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 6770 Parker Farm Drive
 Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
 (Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

 ( 888) 676-2466
 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

 Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Common stock, par value $0.0005 per share

 NCNO
 The Nasdaq Global Select Market

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No o

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No o

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No o

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

 The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of a share of the registrant's common stock on July 31, 2023, which was the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported by The Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date, was $ 1.5 billion. Shares of the registrant's common stock held by each executive officer, director, and holders of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock who have been deemed to be affiliates have been excluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 There were 114,216,575 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding as of March 21, 2024.

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 Portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated herein by reference in Part II and Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant's fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Page

 Item 1.
 Business

 Item 1A.
 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.
 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.
 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.
 Properties

 Item 3.
 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.
 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.
 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.
 [Reserved]

 Item 7.
 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.
 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.
 Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.
 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.
 Other Information

 Item 9C.
 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10.
 Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.
 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.
 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.
 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.
 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15.
 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.
 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are based on our beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies and plans, trends, market sizing, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities and product capabilities, among other things. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as "aim," "anticipates," "believes," "could," "estimates," "expects," "goal," "intends," "may," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "projects," "seeks," "should," "strive," "will," "would," or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. As used in this report, the terms "nCino," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" mean nCino, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.
 Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those described in "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this report. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Some of the key factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations include, but are not limited to:
 • our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenues, cost of revenues, operating expenses, and our ability to achieve and maintain future profitability;
 • our ability to execute strategies, plans, objectives, and goals;
 • our ability to compete with existing and new competitors in existing and new markets and offerings;
 • our ability to develop and protect our brand;
 • our ability to effectively manage privacy, information, and data security;
 • costs associated with research and development and building out our sales, professional services and customer support teams;
 • the concentration of our customer base in the financial institution sector and their spending on cloud-based technology;
 • our ability to add and retain customers;
 • our ability to expand internationally and associated costs;
 • our ability to comply with laws and regulations;
 • our expectations and management of future growth based on subscription revenues over the term of our customer contracts;
 • our expectations concerning relationships with our customers, partners, and other third parties;
 • general macroeconomic conditions, including inflation and higher interest rates and geopolitical uncertainties;
 • economic and industry trends;
 • projected growth or trend analysis;
 • our relationship with Salesforce and our system integration ("SI") partners;
 • seasonal sales fluctuations;
 • our ability to add capacity and automation to our operations;
 i

 • our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
 • our ability to successfully integrate and realize the benefits from acquisitions and other strategic transactions;
 • our ability to service our debt obligations; and
 • our ability to successfully defend litigation or other proceedings brought against us.
 Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. In addition, statements such as "we believe" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date on which it is made and, although we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted a thorough inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise.
 ii

 Item 1. Business
 Overview
 Through its single software-as-a-service ("SaaS") platform, nCino helps financial institutions ("FI") serving corporate and commercial, small business, consumer, and mortgage customers modernize and more effectively onboard clients, open accounts, make loans and navigate the loan lifecycle, and effectively monitor and manage their portfolio. Transforming how FIs operate through innovation, reputation and speed, nCino is partnered with more than 1,800 customers globally. With the nCino Bank Operating System, FIs can:
 • Digitally Serve Their Clients Across Lines of Business. The nCino Bank Operating System delivers distinctive experiences across devices, channels and products, enabling a seamless digital relationship between an FI, its employees, its clients and key third parties. Because nCino is a cloud native platform, employees can serve their customers anywhere, at any time, from any internet-enabled device, empowering them to build deeper relationships. For consumers who increasingly expect frictionless digital services, this ability is no longer a differentiator for FIs, but a necessity.
 • Improve Efficiency. nCino customers leverage the platform's capabilities to drive efficiency by eliminating cumbersome legacy systems, improving client satisfaction and retention, and digitally expanding their brand presence and reach. By connecting previously disjointed functions and breaking down internal silos, nCino increases transparency at all organizational levels across all lines of business, enabling FIs to measure their operations and maximize performance, productivity and profitability.
 • Elevate Employee Experience and Performance. The nCino Bank Operating System's automation, workflow and digitization capabilities help eliminate manual processes and redundant efforts, freeing an FI's employees to focus on their clients' experiences rather than their transactions. In addition, our intelligent enterprise content management system includes a standardized filing system across applications, providing instant and ongoing access to digital documentation and checklists to help ensure that compliance and credit requirements are met. For example, client documents are associated with a unique identifier, eliminating the need for repeat document collection and duplicative data input, which means employees only have to ask for information once.
 • Manage Risk and Compliance More Effectively. The nCino Bank Operating System can help FIs reduce regulatory, credit and operational risk through workflow and automation, data reporting, standardized risk rating calculations and financial modeling. For example, the content management, automated workflow and digital audit trail and snapshot functionality within the nCino Bank Operating System helps our customers more effectively and efficiently prepare for regulatory examinations. Because nCino is highly configurable, it can adjust as regulations and the FI's risk requirements evolve, including regulatory changes, economic headwinds, sharp pivots, and ongoing volatility.
 • Establish an Active Data, Audit and Business Intelligence Hub. Key to the nCino Bank Operating System is infusing intelligence into every stage of the banking lifecycle. nCino provides FIs with innovative technology that helps them meet the challenges of today and tomorrow, including predictive artificial intelligence ("AI") applications like Commercial Pricing and Profitability and Automated Spreading. As a trusted partner, nCino continues to develop solutions powered by nCino IQ ("nIQ") that help FIs integrate predictive and generative AI capabilities when and where it matters most, across the banking lifecycle.
 • Embrace the Power of Intelligent Automation and Uncover Data-Driven Insights. AI is rapidly changing the financial services industry. As AI creates new value streams within banking, nCino is simplifying FIs' navigation through this transformative technology. nCino provides FIs with innovative technology that helps them meet the challenges of today and tomorrow, including predictive AI applications like Commercial Pricing and Profitability and Automated Spreading.

 Our Journey
 nCino was originally founded in a bank to improve that FI's operations and client service. After realizing that the same problems—cumbersome legacy technology, fragmented data, disconnected business functions, and a disengaged workforce made it difficult to maintain relevancy in their clients' lives—were endemic across the financial services industry, nCino spun out as a separate company in late 2011. This heritage is the foundation of our deep banking domain expertise, which differentiates us, continues to drive our strategy, and makes us uniquely qualified to help FIs create new efficiencies by providing an end-to-end platform that spans business lines and combines capabilities for a seamless experience.
 The nCino Bank Operating System was initially designed to help transform commercial and small business lending for community and regional banks. This solution was introduced to enterprise banks in the United States ("U.S.") in 2014, and then internationally in 2017, and has subsequently expanded across North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific ("APAC"). Throughout this market expansion, we broadened the nCino Bank Operating System by adding functionality for consumer lending, client onboarding, deposit account opening, analytics and artificial intelligence and machine learning ("AI/ML"). On January 7, 2022 (the "Acquisition Date"), nCino acquired SimpleNexus, a leading cloud-based mobile-first homeownership software company in the U.S., which expanded the suite of products to include a suite of mortgage solutions. On September 8, 2023, SimpleNexus began operating as SimpleNexus, LLC d/b/a nCino Mortgage, LLC ("nCino Mortgage") as part of our rebranding effort.
 In March 2024, we acquired DocFox, Inc. ("DocFox"), a leading solution provider automating onboarding experiences for commercial and business banking, for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million. See Note 20 "Subsequent Events" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
 How the nCino Bank Operating System Works
 The nCino Bank Operating System connects FIs' employees, their clients and third parties on a single, cloud-based platform, eliminating silos and bringing new levels of coordination and transparency to an FI. By utilizing a single platform across business lines, processes and channels, FIs are able to leverage the same data and information across their entire organization to drive efficiency, enhance decision-making, and increase connectivity.
 As a native cloud platform that utilizes a single code base regardless of the size and complexity of the FI, the nCino Bank Operating System is highly scalable and configurable for the specific needs of each FI. Once implemented, our solution becomes deeply embedded in our customers' business processes, enabling mission critical workflow across the FI and allowing our customers to serve their clients anytime, anywhere, from any internet-enabled device.
 The nCino Bank Operating System also delivers data analytics and AI/ML capabilities through nIQ application suite to provide our customers with automation and insights into their operations, such as tools for analyzing, measuring and managing credit risk, as well as to improve their ability to comply with regulatory requirements.
 Fundamental elements of the nCino platform are built on Salesforce (the "Salesforce Platform"), which allows the Company to focus product development efforts on building deep vertical functionality specifically for FIs, while leveraging Salesforce's global infrastructure, reliability, and scalability. nCino also has solutions that leverage the Amazon Web Services ("AWS") platform.
 We generally offer the nCino Bank Operating System on a subscription basis pursuant to non-cancellable multi-year contracts that typically range from three to five years, and we employ a "land and expand" business model. The nCino Bank Operating System is designed to scale with our customers, and once our solution is deployed, we seek to have our customers expand adoption within and across lines of business.
 Benefits and Features of the nCino Bank Operating System
 The nCino Bank Operating System leverages common data sets and functionality across applications, which optimizes and accelerates its deployment throughout a FI. These include:
 • Client Onboarding. Built into the nCino Bank Operating System is client onboarding functionality that supports and automates the front, middle and back office onboarding process, allowing FIs to effectively evaluate the risk of doing business with a client, while also providing clients an efficient and personalized

 user experience. Clients are able to upload documents directly into the nCino Bank Operating System, complete identity verification and provide information about themselves and their business, offering a level of transparency to the FI that enables regulatory compliance, such as Know-Your-Customer ("KYC"). With enhanced onboarding reporting tools, FIs can generate customized reports and use real-time analytics and data from government watchlists and other third-party systems to achieve a holistic client view, enabling our customers to offer their clients more value-added services and custom-tailored offerings.
 • Deposit Account Opening. The nCino Bank Operating System's deposit account opening application optimizes the process for opening checking, savings, debit/ATM cards, money market, certificates of deposit and retirement accounts. FIs can utilize nCino's intuitive, scalable and flexible workflow to efficiently open consumer, commercial or small business accounts while maintaining individual account processes and requirements. Seamlessly embedded within the account opening experience, the nCino Bank Operating System provides the new client onboarding capability to collect KYC related information to meet compliance standards. The deposit account opening application allows clients to open a deposit account digitally, across any device, in a branch or through a call center, with speed and flexibility.
 • Loan Origination. The loan origination functionality embedded within the nCino Bank Operating System combines an innovative and intuitive framework with automated workflow, checklists, document management, analytics and real-time reporting to provide a complete, end-to-end loan origination system from application, to underwriting, to adjudication, to document preparation, to closing. In one view, all stakeholders have visibility into where the loan process stands and what data is needed to complete the process. Post-closing, the nCino Bank Operating System provides a view into loan performance and tools for portfolio management, providing FI employees the ability to utilize information to maximize efficiency. Each stakeholder in the loan process works from a single digital loan file, allowing clients to apply for loans and upload documents; third parties, such as appraisers, lawyers and regulators, to access and review loan files; and employees to seamlessly manage the entire loan process efficiently and compliantly.
 Our loan origination functionality supports a wide range of lending products across commercial, small business and consumer lines of business. The nCino Bank Operating System can facilitate the origination of an FI's most complex commercial lending products, including syndicated loans, commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans and construction loans, while also supporting the depth required for specific products such as agriculture lending, asset-based lending, SBA loans and leasing. Our solution also supports the speed and convenience required for small business and consumer loans across products, such as home equity lines of credit, home equity term loans, uncollateralized lines of credit, automobile loans and credit cards, while providing the tools needed to address regulatory compliance, including fair lending and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.
 • End-to-End Mortgage Suite. nCino's Mortgage Suite increases an FI's mortgage profitability by automating loan processing and closing, delivering modern customer convenience, surfacing data insights, and simplifying incentive compensation management. As a leading provider of digital mortgage technology within the U.S. market, nCino's Mortgage Suite helps financial institutions in the U.S. streamline their borrower journey, improve stakeholder collaboration, seamlessly connect lender system tools, and enhance efficiency in operations – all so lenders can increase mortgage profitability and provide their customers an exceptional user experience.
 • nIQ: The nCino Bank Operating System is powered by nIQ, which leverages AI/ML and analytics, helping FIs become more predictive, personalized and proactive. Through nIQ's Automated Spreading feature, FIs can streamline manual data entry processes throughout the underwriting process and automatically capture more data, reducing the time it takes to spread and process documents and enabling bankers to devote more time to insightful financial analysis and focus on value-add activities. By combining newly available data from digitized processes with sophisticated profitability models, nIQ's Commercial Pricing and Profitability functionality delivers targeted pricing insights at the point of decision, helping relationship managers intelligently price loans and win the right deals. FIs can also leverage the data visualization and predictive analytics capabilities of nIQ's Portfolio Analytics solution to maintain a holistic view of portfolio trends, discover new lending opportunities, and proactively address risk within different segments. By embedding insights and automation into the loan lifecycle, nCino empowers FIs to accelerate revenue growth, improve operational efficiency and win the trust of their customers.

 • A Powerful Ecosystem. By harnessing the power of diverse partners and leveraging open application programming interfaces and productized integrations, the nCino Bank Operating System creates a connected and scalable ecosystem that brings together disparate data sources and systems, acting as a data hub that integrates with core systems, credit reporting agencies and other third-party applications to centralize an FI's data, creating an actionable single data platform and warehouse. In addition, we work with some of the world's leading technology and SI partners to help implement our solution, which has increased our capacity to deliver and deploy the nCino Bank Operating System and enabled us to scale more quickly.
 Our Customers
 As critical and attractive as our innovation platform is, it is our proven execution and delivery that makes nCino an ideal partner to FIs. Working closely with our customers, we take a pragmatic approach to helping institutions digitally transform.
 As a pioneer in cloud banking, we have developed trusted relationships and a reputation for successfully implementing our solutions with FIs of all sizes in multiple geographies. Our diverse customer base ranges from global FIs, such as Bank of America, Barclays, Santander, and TD Bank; to enterprise banks, such as Truist Bank and U.S. Bank; to regional and community banks, like WaFd Bank, M&F Bank, and ConnectOne Bank; to credit unions, such as Navy Federal Credit Union, SAFE Credit Union, Marine Credit Union, and Conexus Credit Union; to new market entrants, such as challenger banks like Recognise Bank and Judo Bank; to independent mortgage banks like Synergy One Lending and Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation. These companies represent a cross-section of FIs across asset classes and geographies and each of these customers represent a substantial level of Annual Contract Value ("ACV") in its respective category.
 As of January 31, 2024, we had 460 FIs that have contracted for the nCino Bank Operating System for client onboarding, loan origination and/or deposit account opening. In addition, we have over 1,000 FIs that have contracted for our Portfolio Analytics solutions, which we acquired with the nCino Portfolio Analytics, LLC (formerly, Visible Equity, LLC, "Visible Equity") acquisition in fiscal 2020, and over 430 customers that have contracted for nCino Mortgage Suite. In total, we had over 1,800 customers as of January 31, 2024, of which 501 each generated more than $100,000 in subscription revenues in fiscal 2024. No single customer represented more than 10% of total revenues in fiscal 2024.
 How nCino Will Grow
 We intend to continue growing our business by executing on the following strategies:
 • Expand Within and Across Our Existing Customers. We believe there is a significant opportunity to further expand within our existing customer base both vertically within business lines and horizontally across business lines. Our revenues from existing customers continue to grow as additional users are added, creating strong customer cohort dynamics.
 • Expand Our Customer Base. We believe the global market for a single platform is large and underserved. With FIs needing to replace legacy point products with modern technology and increased consumer demand for digital services, we believe there is a significant opportunity to deliver our solutions and expand our customer base to FIs of all sizes and complexities around the world. Currently deployed in 19 countries, we have made significant investments to expand our presence in EMEA and APAC, and the nCino Bank Operating System can currently support over 120 languages and over 140 currencies. We promote sales in North America out of our offices in the U.S. and Canada, in APAC out of our offices in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, and in EMEA out of our offices in the UK and Spain.
 • Continue Strengthening and Extending Our Product Functionality. We invested 24.6% of our revenues back into research and development in fiscal 2024 and will continue to invest at similar levels in fiscal 2025 to continue to extend the breadth and depth of the nCino Bank Operating System. Additionally, we plan to continue to develop our portfolio analytics and credit modeling capabilities, as well as our AI/ML capabilities through automation, predictive analytics, digital assistant services and data source integration. These innovations will further reduce the human resources required for routine but time-consuming tasks.
 • Foster and Grow Our SI and Technology Ecosystem. We have developed strong relationships with several leading SIs, including Accenture, Deloitte, PwC, and West Monroe Partners, that increase our capacity to onboard new customers and implement the nCino Bank Operating System, extend our global reach and drive

 increased market awareness. To date, over 3,500 SI consultants have completed our training program to implement the nCino Bank Operating System. Through the open architecture of the nCino Bank Operating System, an increasing number of third-party technology partners, including Rich Data Co, Alloy, Codat, Plaid, and DocuSign, among others, are integrated with our solution.
 • Selectively Pursue Strategic Transactions. In addition to developing our solutions organically, we may selectively pursue acquisitions, joint ventures, or other strategic transactions. We expect these transactions to focus on innovation to help strengthen and expand the functionality and features of our solutions and/or expand our global presence. For example, in fiscal 2020, we acquired nCino Portfolio Analytics, LLC (formerly Visible Equity) and FinSuite Pty Ltd ("FinSuite") as part of our strategy to build out our nIQ capabilities, and we established our nCino K.K. joint venture to facilitate our entry into the Japanese market. Additionally, in January 2022, we completed our acquisition of SimpleNexus, which expanded our capabilities to the U.S. point-of-sale mortgage market.
 Our Relationship with Salesforce
 From our inception, we built the nCino Bank Operating System on the Salesforce Platform to leverage its global infrastructure, reliability, and scalability. This strategy has allowed us to benefit from Salesforce's investment in the continual improvement of the Salesforce Platform. We believe we have a mutually beneficial strategic relationship with Salesforce.
 Pursuant to our agreement with Salesforce, when we sell our client onboarding, loan origination, and/or deposit account opening applications, we include a subscription to the underlying Salesforce Platform and remit a subscription fee to Salesforce. In exchange, Salesforce provides the hosting infrastructure and data center for these applications, as well as configuration, reporting, and other functionality within the Salesforce Platform. In addition, under our agreement with Salesforce, we are an authorized reseller of Salesforce's CRM functionality to certain FIs in the U.S. Our original agreement with Salesforce was entered into in December 2011, which was superseded and replaced on June 19, 2020. On December 20, 2023, our agreement with Salesforce was amended and its term was extended to expire on January 31, 2031 unless earlier terminated by either party in the event of the other party's material breach, bankruptcy, change in control in favor of a direct competitor, or intellectual property infringement. Our agreement with Salesforce automatically renews for additional one-year periods thereafter unless notice of termination is provided.
 Global Revenue Organization
 Our Global Revenue Organization includes business development representatives, account executives, field sales engineers, and marketing. These teams are responsible for demand and lead generation, driving new business, and helping to manage account relationships and renewals, further driving adoption of our solutions within and across lines of business. These teams maintain close relationships with existing customers and act as an advisor to each FI to help identify and understand their unique needs, challenges, goals, and opportunities.
 In addition, our marketing team oversees all aspects of the nCino global brand including brand strategy, public relations and external communications, integrated marketing, product marketing, market strategy, marketing operations, and regional marketing. Our marketing efforts span the full buyer journey from brand awareness and pipeline generation to adoption and cross-sell.
 Customer Success
 Once a customer contracts for the nCino Bank Operating System, we provide configuration and implementation services to assist the customer in the deployment, either directly or through our SI partners. Configuration and implementation engagements typically range in duration from three months to 18 months, depending on the scope. For enterprise FIs, we generally work with SIs such as Accenture, Deloitte, and PwC. For regional FIs, we work with SIs such as West Monroe Partners, and for community banks, we work with SIs or perform configuration and implementation ourselves. When we work with SIs, we generally field a small team of advisory consultants alongside the SIs to help ensure the success of the engagement.
 We support our customers with 24/7 access to engineers and other technical support personnel, outcome-based support offerings, release management, managed services, and technical support via online chat. To help our customers achieve success with the nCino Bank Operating System, we offer in-depth change management workshops, classroom and virtual end user and administrator training, consultative functionality adoption services, and best practices. The nCino Customer Success

 Management team is the customer's central touch point, whose primary job is to manage the long-term health and success of each customer.
 A significant majority of our FI customers, whose employees utilize our client onboarding, loan origination, and/or deposit account opening applications, have joined our online nCino User Community. In the nCino User Community, users can access product guides, technical documents and support articles, engage and share best practices with other users and nCino subject matter experts through a variety of general and solution-focused discussion groups, suggest and vote for future product development ideas, and access training videos, materials and product certifications.
 Research and Development
 Our research and development organization is responsible for the design, development, and testing of our solutions.
 We utilize industry best practices, such as continuous integration/continuous deployment, automated testing and distributed version control, to develop new functionality and enhance our existing solutions. We provide opportunities for innovation through hackathons and new technology pilots, and we encourage customers to participate in our Product Design Programs to provide us with input on our product development roadmap. Our research and development spend was $117.3 million or 24.6% of total revenues in fiscal 2024.
 Competition
 Historically, the primary competition for the nCino Bank Operating System has been point solution vendors and systems developed internally by FIs. We believe our ability to provide client onboarding, loan origination, deposit account opening, analytics, portfolio management, and AI/ML on a single platform across lines of business, our deep banking domain expertise, our mortgage suite, our reputation for high-quality professional services and customer support, and our strong company culture, distinguish us from our competition. We believe our success in growing our business will depend on our ability to demonstrate to FIs that our solutions provide superior business outcomes and value to those of third-party vendors or internally developed systems. In this regard, we are likely to be assessed on a number of factors, including:
 • breadth and depth of functionality;
 • ease of deployment, implementation and use;
 • total cost of ownership and return on investment;
 • level of customer satisfaction;
 • brand awareness and reputation;
 • cloud-based technology platform and pricing model;
 • quality of implementation and customer support services;
 • capability for configurability, integration, and scalability;
 • domain expertise in banking technology;
 • security and reliability;
 • ability of our solutions to support compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
 • ability to innovate and respond to customer needs quickly;
 • ability to integrate with third-party applications and systems; and
 • insights and benchmarking derived from the cross-institution data and transactions that flow through our platform.

 We believe we compete favorably with respect to these factors, but we expect competition to increase as existing competitors evolve their offerings and as new companies enter the market. Our ability to remain competitive will depend on our ongoing efforts in research and development, sales and marketing, professional services, customer support, and our business operations generally. For additional information, see the section titled "Risk Factors—The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive and highly fragmented, and pricing pressure, new technologies or other competitive dynamics could adversely affect our business and results of operations."
 Intellectual Property
 Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our core technology and innovations. We rely on federal, state, common law, and international rights, as well as contractual restrictions, to protect our intellectual property. We control access to our proprietary technology by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with third parties. We seek patent protection for certain key innovations, protocols, processes, and other inventions. We pursue the registration of our trademarks, service marks, and domain names in the U.S. and in certain other locations. These laws, procedures and restrictions provide only limited protection and the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain and still evolving. Furthermore, effective patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products are available.
 As of January 31, 2024, we had 12 issued U.S. patents as well as one patent application pending in the U.S. We file patent applications where we believe there to be a strategic technological or business reason to do so. Although we actively attempt to utilize patents to protect our technologies, we believe that none of our patents, individually or in the aggregate, are material to our business.
 Human Capital Management
 We are in the business of fundamentally changing the way FIs operate. To transform an industry, we believe it is essential to foster a company culture that not only empowers its employees to challenge the status quo, but also emboldens them to drive change and champion customer success.
 Culture is a key differentiator; our position as the worldwide leader in cloud banking depends on the people who work at nCino. For these reasons, we have built our company with a cultural foundation based on six core values: Bring Your A-Game, Do the Right Thing, Respect Each Other, Make Someone's Day, Have Fun and Be a Winner. We believe our culture is the foundation for the successful execution of our strategy and, as a result, is a critical strength of our organization. In recognition of our continued focus on employee engagement, satisfaction and culture, we have received numerous workplace awards.
 As of January 31, 2024, we had 1,653 employees, of which approximately 84% were in the U.S. and 16% were in other locations around the globe. We believe our employee engagement and experience remain strong.
 Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Community
 As a global company whose employees represent a wide variety of identities across race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, ability and disability, class, immigration status and so much more; we know diverse identities, experiences and perspectives make for stronger teams. We believe we can't realize our full strength unless we work collectively to acknowledge, respect, empathize with and appreciate each other's differences. To ensure that nCino remains rooted in our commitment to build a diverse, equitable and inclusive workforce, our talent acquisition strategy includes relationships with diverse professional organizations and minority colleges and universities.
 To further our commitment to a culture of inclusiveness, our employee-led Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Council meets regularly with nCino's Executive Leadership Team. In addition, nCino is home to six Employee Resource Groups ("ERGs"), which serve our Veteran, LGBTQIA+, Latinx, AAPI, Black/African-American, and Women employee populations. These groups play an important role in building community and belonging among employees, providing resources to the broader nCino community, recruiting diverse talent and creating opportunities for professional development, mentorship and community outreach. Each ERG includes executive sponsorship and a connection to the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Council.

 In 2021, nCino hired a full-time Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Community Involvement leader to champion these initiatives and programs, with support and oversight from nCino's CEO and People Operations leadership. As a result, nCino has been able to support many causes and initiatives in the community, such as sponsoring the local Martin Luther King, Jr. march, volunteering with veterans' organizations that aid military personnel in their transition back to civilian life, and being a premier sponsor of an all-girls middle/high school that focuses primarily on STEM education.
 In 2021, we also announced two long-term partnerships in Wilmington, North Carolina, where nCino's headquarters is located. The first was a sponsorship with The City of Wilmington and the Wilmington Hammerheads Youth Soccer Club to help fund a new sports complex, which will help make sports more accessible to youth in the Wilmington community. The second was a partnership with the Food Bank of Central & Eastern North Carolina. We committed to a donation over a five-year period to support the development of the nCino Hunger Solutions Center, a new facility in Wilmington that is helping the organization expand its food relief efforts and ensure substantial growth in its nutrition services, food access and distribution throughout southeastern North Carolina.
 These are just some of the activities achieved through nCino's philanthropic and community service team, nVolve. Through nVolve, nCino prioritizes giving back to our communities and volunteering time by providing all global employees paid volunteer days separate from regular leave or holidays to support organizations and causes that are important to them.
 Total Reward, Well-being & Employee Experience
 nCino believes that productivity is driven by employees who are actively engaged, both by their connection to our purpose and their certainty that the company cares about their well-being. We therefore invest in their financial, social and physical wellness, as well as the communities in which they work.
 Because nCino's future success is dependent on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, we offer competitive compensation, opportunities for equity ownership, retirement plans to help employees invest in their future and generous, country-specific benefit packages. In addition, we offer competitive parental leaves, holiday pay, student debt repayment programs and vacation time and flex holidays. nCino supports healthy lifestyles and wellness by offering office step challenges, nutritious snacks, standing and treadmill desks, financial education, mental health initiatives, cycle to work programs, on-site flu shots, recreational outings and more.
 These offerings demonstrate a commitment to our employees' well-being and play a critical role in engaging and retaining the talented individuals that comprise our organization.
 Technology, Development and Cloud Operations
 We deliver our solutions as highly scalable cloud computing application and platform services on a multi-tenant technology architecture. Multi-tenancy is an architectural approach that allows us to operate a single application instance for multiple organizations, treating all customers as separate and virtual isolation from each other. This approach allows us to spread the cost of delivering our services across the globe and scale our business faster than traditional software vendors while focusing our resources on building new functionality and enhancing existing offerings.
 Our technology and product efforts are focused on improving and enhancing the features, functionality, performance, availability, and security of our existing service offerings, as well as developing new features, functionality, and services. We also remain focused on integrating businesses, services and technologies from acquisitions and with partners.
 Global Financial Service Providers Are Highly Regulated
 Global financial service providers and their solutions are subject to extensive and complex data, security and regulatory guidance and oversight by international, country, federal, state and other regulatory authorities. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and affect the conduct of financial service providers operations and, as a result, the business of their technology providers. The compliance process with these regulatory requirements depends on a variety of factors, including functionality and design, the classification of the financial service provider and its services, region or country of operation, and the manner in which the financial service provider and its end users utilize the solutions. In order to ensure compliance with these laws, financial service providers may be required to implement operating policies and procedures to protect the privacy and security of their, the financial service providers', and their end users' information, and to undergo periodic audits and examinations.

 Security Is Paramount for Global Financial Service Providers
 The risks of cybercrime and fraud have always existed in banking and financial services. As the adoption and use of digital channels increase in financial services, the incidence of cybercrime and fraud has grown substantially. The methods by which criminals seek to commit fraud are constantly changing, requiring financial services providers and their technology providers to continually modify their security protocols and best practices. Providing services to FIs requires experience, constant vigilance, and continuous investment to stay informed and guard against these ever-changing threats.
 Available Information
 Our website is located at www.ncino.com and our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), and all amendments to these filings, can be obtained free of charge from our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, the Company's references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

 Item 1A. Risk Factors
 You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes before making an investment decision with respect to our common stock. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
 Summary Risk Factors
 The below summary of risk factors provides an overview of many of the risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our business activities. As a result, the below summary risks do not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read the summary risks together with the more detailed discussion of risks set forth following this section under the heading "Risk Factors," as well as elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks, beyond those summarized below or discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, may apply to our activities or operations as currently conducted or as we may conduct them in the future or in the markets in which we operate or may in the future operate. Consistent with the foregoing, we are exposed to a variety of risks, including risks associated with the following:
 • We derive all of our revenues from customers in the financial services industry, and any downturn or consolidation or decrease in technology spend in the financial services industry could adversely affect our business.
 • We have a limited operating history at the current scale of our business, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results, and we may not achieve our expected operating results in the future.
 • We have a history of losses and while we have achieved profitability in a quarterly period, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability on a generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") basis in the future.
 • If we are unable to attract new customers or continue to broaden our existing customers' use of our solutions, our revenue growth will be adversely affected.
 • If the market for cloud-based banking technology develops more slowly than we expect or changes in a way that we fail to anticipate, our sales would suffer and our results of operations would be adversely affected.
 • We may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate in the future.

 • Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
 • We may not accurately predict the long-term rate of customer subscription renewals or adoption of our solutions, or any resulting impact on our revenues or operating results.
 • A breach of our security measures or those we rely on could result in unauthorized access to customer or their clients' data, which may materially and adversely impact our reputation, business, and results of operations.
 • Fundamental elements of the nCino Bank Operating System are built on the Salesforce Platform and we rely on our agreement with Salesforce to provide this solution to our customers.
 • Because we recognize subscription revenues over the term of the contract, downturns or upturns in our business may not be reflected in our results of operations until future periods.
 • The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive and highly fragmented, and pricing pressure, new technologies, or other competitive dynamics could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 • Our increased focus on the development and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in our solutions and our business, as well as our potential failure to effectively implement, use, and market these technologies, may result in reputational harm or liability, or could otherwise adversely affect our business.
 • We depend on data centers operated by or on behalf of Salesforce, AWS and other third parties, and any disruption in the operation of these facilities could adversely affect our business and subject us to liability.
 • We may acquire or invest in companies, or pursue business partnerships, which may divert our management's attention or result in dilution to our stockholders, and we may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions, investments or partnerships.
 • Because one of our stockholders holds a substantial amount of our total outstanding common stock, the influence of our public stockholders over significant corporate actions is limited and sales by this stockholder could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
 • Our customers are highly regulated and subject to a number of challenges and risks. Our failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to us as a technology provider to FIs could adversely affect our business and results of operations, increase costs and impose constraints on the way we conduct our business.
 • We are presently subject to a purported stockholder derivative lawsuit alleging violation of fiduciary duties with the series of mergers in which we became the parent of nCino OpCo and SimpleNexus. The court dismissed these claims and that decision is currently under appeal. This matter or future litigation against us could adversely affect our operations and prospects, damage our reputation, and be costly and time consuming to defend.
 Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
 We derive all of our revenues from customers in the financial services industry, and any downturn or consolidation or decrease in technology spend in the financial services industry could adversely affect our business.
 All of our revenues are derived from FIs whose industry has experienced significant pressure in recent years due to economic uncertainty, fluctuating interest rates, liquidity concerns and increased regulation. In the past, FIs have experienced consolidation, distress and failure, including in March 2023 when the FDIC took control of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank due to liquidity concerns and a number of other FIs experienced turbulence and a precipitous decline in market value. It is possible these conditions may persist, deteriorate or reoccur. If as a result of these or other factors any of our customers merge with or are acquired by other entities, such as FIs that have internally developed banking technology solutions or that are not our customers or use our solutions less, we may lose business. Additionally, changes in management of our customers could result in delays or cancellations of the implementation of our solutions. It is also possible that the larger FIs that result from

 business combinations could have greater leverage in negotiating price or other terms with us or could decide to replace some or all of the elements of our solutions. Our business may also be materially and adversely affected by weak economic conditions in the financial services industry. Any downturn or prolonged disruption in the financial services industry may cause our customers to reduce their spending on technology or cloud-based banking applications or to seek to terminate or renegotiate their contracts with us. Moreover, economic fluctuations caused by factors such as the U.S. Federal Reserve changing interest rates may cause potential new customers and existing customers to forego or delay purchasing our solutions or reduce the amount of spend with us, which would materially and adversely affect our business.
 We have a limited operating history at the current scale of our business, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results, and we may not achieve our expected operating results in the future.
 As a result of our limited operating history at the current scale of our business, our ability to forecast our future operating results, including revenues, cash flows, and profitability, is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties. We have encountered and will encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in the technology industry, such as the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and others we may not be able to presently identify. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties are incorrect or change due to changes in our markets, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results may differ materially from our expectations and our business may suffer.
 We have a history of losses and while we have achieved profitability in a quarterly period, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability on a GAAP basis in the future.
 We began operations in late 2011 and have experienced net losses since inception. We generated net losses attributable to nCino of $49.4 million, $102.7 million, and $42.3 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. Our net loss includes the results of operations of SimpleNexus from the date of acquisition on January 7, 2022. We had an accumulated deficit of $352.8 million at January 31, 2024. While we have been profitable on a GAAP basis for a quarter, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability. We intend to continue to support further growth and extend the functionality of our solutions in future periods. We will also face increased costs associated with growth and the expansion of our customer base and have seen increased costs in being a public company. Our efforts to grow our business may be more costly than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenues enough to offset our increased operating expenses. We expect, depending on a number of factors, to continue to incur losses on a GAAP basis as we continue to invest in product development, and we cannot predict whether or when we will achieve or sustain profitability on a GAAP basis. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the value of our business and common stock may significantly decrease.
 If we are unable to attract new customers or continue to broaden our existing customers' use of our solutions, our revenue growth will be adversely affected.
 To increase our revenues, we will need to continue to attract new customers and succeed in having our current customers expand the use of our solutions across their institution. For example, our revenue growth strategy includes increased penetration of markets outside the U.S. as well as selling our retail applications to existing and new customers, and failure in either respect would adversely affect our revenue growth. In addition, for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions with us on the same or more favorable terms to us when their existing subscription term expires. Our revenue growth rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer spending levels, customer dissatisfaction with our solutions, decreases in the number of users at our customers, changes in the type and size of our customers, pricing changes, competitive conditions, the loss of our customers to other companies, and general economic conditions. Our customers may also require fewer subscriptions for our solutions as their use may enable them to operate more efficiently over time. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our current customers will renew or expand their use of our solutions. If we are unable to sign new customers or retain or attract new business from current customers, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
 If the market for cloud-based banking technology develops more slowly than we expect or changes in a way that we fail to anticipate or we fail to market our solutions effectively, our sales would suffer and our results of operations would be adversely affected.
 Use of, and reliance on, cloud-based banking technology continues to evolve and we do not know whether FIs will continue to adopt cloud-based banking technology such as the nCino Bank Operating System in the future, or whether the market will change in ways we do not anticipate. Many FIs have invested substantial personnel and financial resources in

 legacy software, and these FIs may be reluctant, unwilling, or unable to convert from their existing systems to our solutions. Furthermore, these FIs may be reluctant, unwilling, or unable to use cloud-based banking technology due to various concerns, such as the security of their data and reliability of the delivery model. These concerns or other considerations may cause FIs to choose not to adopt cloud-based banking technology such as ours or to adopt them more slowly than we anticipate, either of which would adversely affect us. Our future success also depends on our ability to sell additional applications and functionality to our current and prospective customers. As we create new applications and enhance our existing solutions, these applications and enhancements may not be attractive to customers. In addition, promoting and selling new and enhanced functionality may require increasingly costly sales and marketing efforts and if customers choose not to adopt this functionality, our business and results of operations could suffer. If FIs are unwilling or unable to transition from their legacy systems, or if the demand for our solutions does not meet our expectations, our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.
 We may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate in the future.
 Our revenues increased from $273.9 million for fiscal 2022 to $408.3 million for fiscal 2023 to $476.5 million for fiscal 2024. Our revenues include the revenues of SimpleNexus from the date of acquisition on January 7, 2022. However, we may not be able to sustain revenue growth consistent with our recent history, if at all. Our revenue growth in recent periods may not be indicative of our future performance. Furthermore, to the extent we grow in future periods, maintaining consistent rates of revenue growth may be difficult. Our revenue growth may also slow or even reverse in future periods due to a number of factors, which may include slowing demand for our solutions, our ability to successfully sell and implement new applications, such as our retail applications, increasing competition, decreasing growth of our overall market, our inability to attract and retain a sufficient number of FI customers, concerns over data security, our failure, for any reason, to capitalize on growth opportunities, or general economic conditions. If we are unable to maintain consistent revenue growth, our business could be adversely affected, the price of our common stock could decline or otherwise be volatile and it may be difficult for us to achieve and maintain profitability.
 Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
 Our quarterly results of operations, including the levels of our revenues, gross margin, profitability, cash flow, and deferred revenue, may vary significantly in the future and, accordingly, period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. Thus, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and may not fully or accurately reflect the underlying performance of our business. For example, purchases of our Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") solution during the COVID pandemic may have had the effect of accelerating demand that might have otherwise materialized as new business in later periods as well as accelerating the activation of the licenses and recognition of subscription revenues associated with the PPP solution. Further, while subscriptions with our customers generally include multi-year non-cancellable terms, in a limited number of contracts, customers have an option to buy out of the contract for a specified termination fee. If such customers exercise this buy-out option, or if we negotiate an early termination of a contract at a customer's request, any termination fee would be recognized in full at the time of termination, which would favorably affect subscription revenues in that period and unfavorably affect subscription revenues in subsequent periods. Fluctuation in quarterly results may negatively impact the value of our common stock. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include, without limitation, those listed below:
 • our ability to retain current customers or attract new customers;
 • the activation, delay in activation, or cancellation of large blocks of users by customers;
 • the timing of recognition of professional services revenues;
 • the amount and timing of operating expenses related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations, and infrastructure;
 • acquisitions of our customers, to the extent the acquirer elects not to continue using our solutions or reduces subscriptions to our solutions;
 • significant disruptions or distress in the FI industry;
 • customer renewal rates;

 • increases or decreases in the number of users licensed or pricing changes upon renewals of customer contracts;
 • network outages or security breaches;
 • general economic, industry, and market conditions;
 • changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
 • seasonal variations in sales of our solutions, which have historically been highest in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year;
 • the timing and amount of litigation and litigation-related expenses;
 • the timing and success of new product introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers, or strategic partners; and
 • the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill or intangible assets from acquired companies.
 We may not accurately predict the long-term rate of customer subscription renewals or adoption of our solutions, or any resulting impact on our revenues or operating results.
 Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our solutions after the expiration of the initial or current subscription term, and our customers, if they choose to renew at all, may renew for fewer users or on less favorable pricing terms. The average initial term of our customer agreements is three to five years for the nCino Bank Operating System and one to three years for nCino Mortgage. We have a limited operating history at the current scale of our business with respect to rates of customer subscription renewals and cannot be certain of how actual renewal rates will compare to what we anticipate. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers' satisfaction with our pricing or our solutions or their ability to continue their operations or spending levels. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our solutions on similar pricing terms, our revenues may decline and our business could suffer.
 Additionally, as the markets for our solutions develop, we may be unable to attract new customers based on the same subscription model we have used historically. Moreover, large or influential FI customers may demand more favorable pricing or other contract terms from us. As a result, we may in the future be required to change our pricing model, reduce our prices, or accept other unfavorable contract terms, any of which could adversely affect our revenues, gross margin, profitability, financial position, and/or cash flow.
 Our business faces significant risks from diverse security threats. A breach of our security measures or those we rely on could result in unauthorized access to customer or their clients' data, which may materially and adversely impact our reputation, business, and results of operations.
 Certain elements of our solutions, particularly our analytics applications, process and store personally identifiable information ("PII") such as banking and personal information of our customers' clients, and we may also have access to PII during various stages of the implementation process or during the course of providing customer support. Furthermore, as we develop or acquire additional functionality, such as nCino Mortgage, we may gain greater access to PII. We maintain policies, procedures, and technological safeguards designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this information and our information technology systems. However, we and our third party service providers, frequently defend against and respond to data security incidents. We cannot entirely eliminate the risk of improper or unauthorized access to or disclosure of PII or other security events that impact the integrity or availability of PII or our systems and operations, or the related costs we may incur to mitigate the consequences from such events. Further, our products are flexible and complex software solutions and there is a risk that configurations of, or defects in, our solutions or errors in implementation could create vulnerabilities to security breaches. There may be continued unlawful attempts to disrupt or gain access to our information technology systems or the PII or other data of our customers or their clients that may disrupt our or our customers' operations. In addition, because we leverage third-party providers, including cloud, software, data center, and other critical technology vendors to deliver our solutions to our customers and their clients, we rely heavily on the data security technology practices and policies adopted by these third-party providers. A vulnerability in a third-party provider's software or systems, a failure of our third-party

 providers' safeguards, policies or procedures, or a breach of a third-party provider's software or systems could result in the compromise of the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our systems or the data housed in our solutions.
 Cyberattacks and other malicious internet-based activity, including increased threats from the use of artificial intelligence, continue to increase and evolve, and cloud-based providers of products and services have been and are expected to continue to be targeted. In addition to traditional computer "hackers," malicious code (such as viruses and worms), phishing, employee theft or misuse, and denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated criminal networks as well as nation-state and nation-state supported actors now engage in attacks, including advanced persistent threat intrusions. Current or future criminal capabilities, discovery of existing or new vulnerabilities, and attempts to exploit those vulnerabilities or other developments, may compromise or breach our systems or solutions. In the event our or our third-party providers' protection efforts are unsuccessful and our systems or solutions are compromised, we could suffer substantial harm. A security breach could result in operational disruptions, loss, compromise or corruption of customer or client data or data we rely on to provide our solutions, including our analytics initiatives and offerings that impair our ability to provide our solutions and meet our customers' requirements resulting in decreased revenues and otherwise materially negatively impacting our financial results. Also, our reputation could suffer irreparable harm, causing our current and prospective customers to decline to use our solutions in the future. Further, we could be forced to expend significant financial and operational resources in response to a security breach, including repairing system damage, increasing security protection costs by deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, and defending against and resolving legal and regulatory claims, all of which could be costly and divert resources and the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations.
 Federal and state regulations may require us or our customers to notify individuals of data security incidents involving certain types of personal data or information technology systems, and those laws and regulations continue to evolve to add more reporting requirements on faster timelines. Security compromises experienced by others in our industry, our customers, or us may lead to public disclosures and widespread negative publicity. Any security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively impact our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect not to renew or expand their use of our solutions, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other actions or liabilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 In addition, some of our customers contractually require notification of data security compromises and include representations and warranties in their contracts with us that our solutions comply with certain legal and technical standards related to data security and privacy and meets certain service levels. In certain of our contracts, a data security compromise or operational disruption impacting us or one of our critical vendors, or system unavailability or damage due to other circumstances, may constitute a material breach and give rise to a customer's right to terminate their contract with us. In these circumstances, it may be difficult or impossible to cure such a breach in order to prevent customers from potentially terminating their contracts with us. Furthermore, although our customer contracts typically include limitations on our potential liability, there can be no assurance that such limitations of liability would be adequate. We also cannot be sure that our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions will be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more claims, or that our insurers will not deny or attempt to deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more claims against us, the inadequacy or denial of coverage under our insurance policies, litigation to pursue claims under our policies, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or coinsurance requirements, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 As cyber threats have evolved and continue to evolve, vulnerabilities in our solutions and information technology systems have been and will in the future be detected, and we expect to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our layers of defense to remediate such vulnerabilities. System enhancements and updates create risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including risks associated with the effectiveness of our, our customers' and our third-party providers' software development lifecycles. Due to the complexity and interconnectedness of our systems and solutions, the process of enhancing our layers of defense, including addressing hardware-based vulnerabilities, can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues. Customer utilization of older versions of our solutions can increase the risk and complexity of security vulnerabilities and the resources and time required to address them.
 Fundamental elements of the nCino Bank Operating System are built on the Salesforce Platform and we rely on our agreement with Salesforce to provide this solution to our customers.
 Fundamental elements of the nCino Bank Operating System, including our client onboarding, loan origination, and deposit account opening applications, are built on the Salesforce Platform and we rely on our agreement with Salesforce to use

 the Salesforce Platform in conjunction with this solution, including for hosting infrastructure and data center operations. Any termination of our relationship with Salesforce would result in a materially adverse impact on our business model.
 Our agreement with Salesforce expires on January 31, 2031, unless earlier terminated by either party in the event of the other party's material breach, bankruptcy, change in control in favor of a direct competitor, or intellectual property infringement, and automatically renews for additional one-year periods thereafter unless notice of non-renewal is provided. If we are unable to renew our agreement with Salesforce, there would be, absent a termination for cause, a wind-down period during which existing customers would be able to continue using the nCino Bank Operating System in conjunction with the Salesforce Platform, but we would be unable to provide this solution to new customers and could be limited in our ability to allow current customers to add additional users. In addition, if we are unable to renew our agreement with Salesforce, our customers would need to obtain a separate subscription from Salesforce in order to access the nCino Bank Operating System. This could cause a significant delay in the time required to enter into agreements with customers, place us and our customers at a disadvantage in negotiating with Salesforce, and lead customers not to renew or enter into agreements with us. We also cannot assure you that the pricing or other terms in any renewal with Salesforce would be favorable to us, and if they are not, our business and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
 In addition, Salesforce has the right to terminate their agreement with us in certain circumstances, including in the event of a material breach by us. If Salesforce terminates our agreement for cause, it would not be required to provide the wind-down period described above. We are also required to indemnify Salesforce for claims made against Salesforce by a third party alleging that the nCino Bank Operating System infringes the intellectual property rights of such third party.
 An expiration or termination of our agreement with Salesforce would cause us to incur significant time and expense to acquire rights to, or develop, a replacement solution and we may not be successful in these efforts, which could cause the nCino Bank Operating System to become obsolete. Even if we were to successfully acquire or develop a replacement solution, some customers may decide not to adopt such solution and may, as a result, decide to use a different product. If we were unsuccessful in acquiring or developing a replacement solution or acquire or develop a replacement solution that our customers do not adopt, our business, results of operations, and brand would be materially and adversely affected.
 Furthermore, there are no exclusivity arrangements in place with Salesforce that would prevent them from developing their own offerings that compete directly with ours, acquiring a company with offerings similar to ours, or investing greater resources in our competitors. While we believe our relationship with Salesforce is strong, Salesforce competing with us could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Privacy and data security concerns, data collection and transfer restrictions and related domestic or foreign regulations may limit the use and adoption of our solutions and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Personal privacy, information security, and data protection are significant issues in the U.S., the European Union ("EU"), the United Kingdom ("UK") and a number of other jurisdictions where we offer our solutions. The regulatory framework governing the collection, processing, storage, and use of certain information, particularly financial and other PII, is rapidly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with applicable privacy, security, or data protection laws, regulations, or industry standards may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We expect that there will continue to be new proposed and adopted laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, and information security in the U.S., the EU, and other jurisdictions in which we operate. For instance, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the "CCPA") became effective on January 1, 2020. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, receive detailed information about how their personal information is used and shared by requiring covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers (as that term is broadly defined), and provide such consumers rights to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for potential civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The California Privacy Rights Act (the "CPRA"), which expands the CCPA, passed in November 2020 and went into effect on January 1, 2023, potentially requiring still to be determined additional compliance investment and potential business process changes. Among other things, the CPRA imposes additional data protection obligations on companies doing business in California, including additional consumer rights processes, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. It has also created a new California data protection agency authorized to issue substantive regulations which could result in increased privacy and information security enforcement. Additionally, other U.S. states are proposing and enacting laws and regulations that impose obligations similar to the CCPA or that otherwise involve significant obligations and restrictions. If passed, such laws will

 require additional resources to ensure compliance, and may have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging.
 Privacy and cybersecurity laws continue to evolve to impose ever stricter standards for the collection, use, dissemination and security of personally identifiable information, including financial information. Actual, potential, or perceived violations of such laws could result in regulatory investigations, fines, orders to cease/change our use of such technologies and processing of personal data, as well as civil claims including class actions, reputational damage and ongoing compliance costs, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, federal, and state regulation around artificial intelligence may be expected in the near future, including developments in response to the recent Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence issued on October 30, 2023.
 Similarly, the European Economic Area (the "EEA") (comprised of the EU Member States and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679) (the "EU GDPR") in May 2018 and the UK implemented the EU GDPR by virtue of section 3 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 which sits alongside the UK Data Protection Act 2018 (known as the "UK GDPR", and together with the "EU GDPR", the "GDPR"). The GDPR has a direct effect where an entity is established in the EEA or the UK and has extra-territorial effect where an entity established outside of the EEA or UK processes personal data in relation to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the EEA and/or the UK or the monitoring of their behavior. The GDPR imposes a number of obligations on controllers, including, among others: (i) accountability and transparency requirements which require controllers to demonstrate and record compliance with the GDPR and to provide more detailed information to data subjects regarding processing; (ii) enhanced requirements for obtaining valid consent where consent is the lawful basis for processing; (iii) obligations to consider data protection as any new products or services are developed and to limit the amount of personal data processed; (iv) obligations to comply with data protection rights of data subjects including a right of access to and rectification of personal data, a right to obtain restriction of processing or to object to processing of personal data and a right to ask for a copy of personal data to be provided to a third party in a useable format and erasing personal data in certain circumstances and the right not to be subject to solely automated decision-making; (v) obligations to implement appropriate technical and organizational security measures to safeguard personal data; and (vi) obligations to report certain personal data breaches to the relevant supervisory authority without undue delay (and no later than 72 hours where feasible) and affected individuals, where the personal data breach is likely to result in a high risk to their rights and freedoms. Processors are required to notify the controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach.
 In addition, the EU GDPR prohibits the international transfer of personal data from the EEA to countries outside of the EEA unless made to a country deemed to have adequate data privacy laws by the European Commission or a data transfer mechanism in accordance with the EU GDPR has been put in place or a derogation under the EU GDPR can be relied on. In July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the "CJEU") in its Schrems II ruling invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield framework, a self-certification mechanism that facilitated the lawful transfer of personal data from the EEA to the U.S., with immediate effect. The CJEU upheld the validity of standard contractual clauses ("SCCs") as a legal mechanism to transfer personal data but companies relying on SCCs will need to carry out a transfer privacy impact assessment ("TIA") which, among other things, assesses laws governing access to personal data in the recipient country and considers whether supplementary measures that provide privacy protections additional to those provided under SCCs will need to be implemented to ensure an 'essentially equivalent' level of data protection to that afforded in the EEA. The EU and U.S. governments have recently advanced the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework to foster EU-to-U.S. data transfers and address the concerns raised in the aforementioned CJEU decision, but it is uncertain whether this framework will be overturned in court like the previous two EU-U.S. bilateral cross-border transfer mechanism to replace the EU-US Privacy Shield framework. The UK GDPR imposes similar restrictions on transfers of personal data from the UK to jurisdictions that the UK does not consider adequate. The UK Government has published its own form of the EU SCCs, known as the International Data Transfer Agreement and an International Data Transfer Addendum to the new EU SCCs. The UK Information Commissioner's Office ("ICO") has also published its own version of the TIA and guidance on international transfers, although entities may choose to adopt either the EU or UK-style TIA. Further, on September 21, 2023, the UK Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology established a UK-U.S. data bridge (i.e., a UK equivalent of the Adequacy Decision) and adopted UK regulations to implement the UK-U.S. data bridge ("UK Adequacy Regulations"). Personal data may now be transferred from the UK under the UK-U.S. data bridge through the UK extension to the DPF to organizations self-certified under the UK extension to DPF. This may have implications for our cross-border data flows and may result in additional compliance costs.
 The GDPR also introduces fines of up to 20 million (under the EU GDPR) or 17.5 million (under the UK GDPR) or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, for serious violations of certain of the GDPR's requirements. The GDPR identifies a list of points to consider when determining the level of fines to impose (including the nature, gravity and duration of the infringement). Data subjects also have a right to compensation for financial or non-financial losses (e.g., distress). Complying with the GDPR may cause us to incur substantial operational and compliance costs or require us to change our business practices. Despite our efforts to bring practices into compliance with the GDPR, we

 may not be successful either due to internal or external factors such as resource allocation limitations or a lack of vendor cooperation. Non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities, regulators, customers, data subjects, suppliers, vendors or other parties. Further, there is a risk that the measures will not be implemented correctly or that individuals within the business will not be fully compliant with the new procedures. If there are breaches of these measures, we could face significant administrative and monetary sanctions as well as reputational damage which may have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and prospects.
 The E.U. has also proposed the draft ePrivacy Regulation which, once finalized and in effect, will replace both the ePrivacy Directive and all the national laws implementing this Directive. The ePrivacy Regulation, as proposed in its current form, would impose strict opt-in marketing rules, change rules about the use of cookies, web beacons, and related technologies, and significantly increase penalties for violations. It would also retain the additional consent standards as required under the EU GDPR. Such regulations may have a negative effect on businesses, including ours, that collect, process, and use personal data in the EU and UK, including online usage information for consumer acquisition and marketing and may increase the potential civil liability and cost of operating a business that collects, processes, or uses such information and undertakes online marketing.
 From a cybersecurity perspective, the GDPR does not provide for a specific set of cybersecurity requirements or measures to be implemented, but rather requires a controller or processor to implement appropriate cyber and data security measures in accordance with the then-current risk, the state of the art, the costs of implementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes of the processing. The GDPR however does explicitly require that controllers notify personal data breaches as described above.
 On January 17, 2023, the EU Network and Information Systems Security 2 Directive ("NISD2") entered into force and will take full effect following implementation into EU Member State law (i.e., by October 17, 2024). Under the NISD2, more stringent cybersecurity and incident reporting requirements are imposed on 'essential' and 'important' entities, which include information and communication technology ("ICT") managed service providers.
 NISD2 states that any maximum fine which national implementing law provides for should at least be set at 10 million or 2% of total worldwide turnover, whichever is higher, where essential entities are concerned. Other sanctions may include (i) a temporary suspension to provide services in the EU (by suspending relevant authorizations/certifications); (ii) an order to make public certain elements of the infringement and/or inform customers; and (iii) injunctions to immediately cease infringing conduct. Importantly, NISD2 also provides that senior members of staff can be held personally liable, and face administrative fines or be temporarily suspended from exercising managerial functions at the legal representative or chief executive officer level.
 On January 16, 2023, the EU Digital Operational Resilience Act ("DORA") entered into force and will apply from January 17, 2025. DORA imposes regulatory obligations to reinforce the digital operational resilience of entities operating in the financial services industry, and to adequately manage and remediate risks related to the engagement of ICT third-party service providers. DORA only imposes direct regulatory obligations on ICT third-party service providers that are considered 'critical' within the meaning of DORA. Non-critical ICT third-party service providers are only indirectly impacted by DORA, by virtue of the mandatory contractual terms that DORA requires financial entities to implement with ICT third-party service providers.
 DORA does not provide for minimum or maximum monetary sanctions but empowers EU Member State competent authorities to enforce DORA and determine the appropriate sanction on the basis of the factors set out in DORA, including the gravity and duration of the infringement. Sanctions may be administrative or criminal in nature, and DORA also provides that individual members of the management body can be held personally liable for any non-compliance.
 We cannot yet fully determine the impact these or future laws, rules, and regulations may have on our business or operations. Any such laws, rules, and regulations may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions, subject to differing interpretations or may conflict with our current or future practices. Additionally, we may be bound by contractual requirements applicable to our collection, use, processing, and disclosure of various types of information including financial and PII, and may be bound by, or voluntarily comply with, self-regulatory or other industry standards relating to these matters that may further change as laws, rules, and regulations evolve.
 Any failure or perceived failure by us, or any third parties with which we do business, to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations, or with other obligations to which we or such third parties are or may become subject, may result in actions or other claims against us by governmental entities or private actors, the expenditure of substantial costs, time, and other

 resources, or the incurrence of fines, penalties, or other liabilities. There is also a risk that we could be impacted by a cybersecurity incident that results in loss or unauthorized disclosure of personal data, potentially resulting in us facing harms similar to those described above. In addition, any such action, particularly to the extent we were found to be guilty of violations or otherwise liable for damages, would damage our reputation and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Because we recognize subscription revenues over the term of the contract, downturns or upturns in our business may not be reflected in our results of operations until future periods.
 We generally recognize subscription revenues ratably over the terms of our customer contracts. Most of the subscription revenues we report each quarter are derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions activated in previous quarters. Consequently, a reduction in activated subscriptions in any single quarter may only have a small impact on our subscription revenues for that quarter. However, such a decline will negatively affect our subscription revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales or market acceptance of our solutions may not be apparent in our current-quarter revenues or reflected in our results of operations until future periods.
 The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive and highly fragmented, and pricing pressure, new technologies or other competitive dynamics could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We currently compete with providers of technology and services in the financial services industry, primarily point solution vendors that focus on building functionality that competes with specific components of our solutions. From time to time, we also compete with systems internally developed by FIs. Many of our competitors have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have, may devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their systems than we can, have more extensive customer bases and broader customer relationships than we have and have longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we do.
 We may also face competition from new companies entering our markets, which may include large established businesses that decide to develop, market or resell cloud-based banking technology, acquire one of our competitors or form a strategic alliance with one of our competitors or with Salesforce. In addition, new companies entering our markets may choose to offer cloud-based banking applications at little or no additional cost to the customer by bundling them with their existing applications, including adjacent banking technologies. Competition from these new entrants may make attracting new customers and retaining our current customers more difficult, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
 If we are unable to compete in this environment, sales and renewals of the nCino Bank Operating System could decline and adversely affect our business and results of operations. With the introduction of new technologies and potential new entrants into the cloud-based banking technology market, we expect competition to intensify in the future, which could harm our ability to increase sales and achieve profitability.
 Our increased focus on the development and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in our solutions and our business, as well as our potential failure to effectively implement, use, and market these technologies, may result in reputational harm or liability, or could otherwise adversely affect our business.
 We envision a future where artificial intelligence and machine learning is embedded throughout nCino's platform to help our customers maximize their productivity. We have incorporated and may continue to incorporate AI/ML solutions and features into our solutions, and otherwise within our business, and these solutions and features may become more important to our operations or to our future growth over time. There can be no assurance that we will realize the desired or anticipated benefits from AI/ML, or at all, and we may fail to properly implement or market our AI/ML solutions and features. Our competitors may incorporate AI/ML into their products, offerings, and solutions more quickly or more successfully than we do, which could impair our ability to compete effectively, and adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, our AI/ML solutions and features may expose us to additional claims, demands, and proceedings by private parties and regulatory authorities and subject us to legal liability as well as brand and reputational harm. The legal, regulatory, and policy environments around AI/ML are evolving rapidly, and we may become subject to new legal and other obligations in connection with our use of AI/ML, which could require us to make significant changes to our policies and practices, necessitating expenditure of significant time, expense, and other resources. For example, in the EU/UK, laws and regulation regarding AI are developing at a fast pace. On March 13, 2024 the EU adopted its standalone law to govern the offering and use of AI systems in the EU (the "AI Act") and the UK intends to regulate AI via a sector-specific, principle-centered approach.

 We depend on data centers operated by or on behalf of Salesforce, Amazon Web Services ("AWS"), and other third parties, and any disruption in the operation of these facilities could adversely affect our business and subject us to liability.
 Our solutions are primarily hosted in data centers operated by or on behalf of Salesforce, AWS, and other third parties and we do not control the operation of these data centers. Problems associated with these data centers could adversely affect the experience of our customers. Any disruptions or other operational performance problems with these data centers could result in material interruptions in our services, adversely affect our reputation and results of operations, and subject us to liability.
 We may acquire or invest in companies, or pursue business partnerships, which may divert our management's attention or result in dilution to our stockholders, and we may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions, investments, or partnerships.
 From time to time, we consider potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies, services, solutions, and other assets. For example, in March 2024 we announced our acquisition of DocFox and in fiscal 2022, we acquired SimpleNexus, our largest acquisition to date. We also may enter into relationships with other businesses to expand our solutions, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing, or investments in other companies. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to approvals that are beyond our control. For instance, we incurred significant costs in connection with the SimpleNexus acquisition. In addition, nCino has limited experience in acquiring other businesses. If an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business, and financial position may suffer. We may not be able to find and identify desirable acquisition targets, we may incorrectly estimate the value of an acquisition target, and we may not be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular target. If we are successful in acquiring additional businesses we may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:
 • our inability to integrate or benefit from acquired technologies or services;
 • unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;
 • incurrence of acquisition-related costs;
 • difficulty integrating the technology, accounting systems, operations, control environments, and personnel of the acquired business and integrating the acquired business or its employees into our culture;
 • difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy solutions and infrastructure of the acquired business;
 • difficulty converting the customers of the acquired business to our solutions and contract terms, including disparities in terms;
 • additional costs for the support or professional services model of the acquired company;
 • diversion of management's attention and other resources;
 • adverse effects to our existing business relationships with business partners and customers;
 • the issuance of additional equity securities that could dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders;
 • incurrence of debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay;
 • incurrence of substantial liabilities;
 • difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired business; and
 • adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation, or deferred compensation charges.

 In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
 Our customers are highly regulated and subject to a number of challenges and risks. Our failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to us as a technology provider to FIs could adversely affect our business and results of operations, increase costs, and impose constraints on the way we conduct our business.
 Our customers and prospective customers are highly regulated and are generally required to comply with stringent regulations in connection with performing business functions that our solutions address. As a provider of technology to FIs, we have been, and expect to continue to be, examined on a periodic basis by various regulatory agencies and may be required to review certain of our suppliers and partners. In addition, while much of our operations are not directly subject to the same regulations applicable to FIs, we are generally obligated to our customers to provide software solutions and maintain internal systems and processes that comply with certain federal and state regulations applicable to them. For example, as a result of obligations under some of our customer contracts, we are required to comply with certain provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act ("GLBA") related to the privacy of consumer information and may be subject to other privacy and data security laws because of the solutions we provide to FIs. The GLBA includes limitations on FI's disclosure of nonpublic personal information about a consumer to nonaffiliated third parties, in certain circumstances requiring FIs to limit the use and further disclosure of nonpublic personal information to nonaffiliated third parties and requiring FIs to safeguard nonpublic personal information. Banking regulations for information security and breach notification also impose obligations on us due to our relationships with customers that increase our information security obligations and customers may impose additional information security standards upon us, such as those relating to the New York Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation. Matters subject to review and examination by federal and state FI regulatory agencies and external auditors include our internal information technology controls in connection with our performance of data processing services, the agreements giving rise to those processing activities, and the design of our solutions. Any inability to satisfy these examinations and maintain compliance with applicable regulations could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, including attracting and maintaining customers. If we have to make changes to our internal processes and solutions as result of these regulations, we could be required to invest substantial additional time and funds and divert time and resources from other corporate purposes to remedy any identified deficiency.
 The evolving, complex, and often unpredictable regulatory environment in which our customers operate could result in our failure to provide compliant solutions, which could result in customers not purchasing our solutions or terminating their contracts with us or the imposition of fines or other liabilities for which we may be responsible. In addition, federal, state, and/or foreign agencies may attempt to further regulate our activities in the future which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Any legal proceedings against us could adversely affect our operations and prospects, damage our reputation, and be costly and time-consuming to defend.
 We are presently subject to a purported stockholder derivative lawsuit alleging violation of fiduciary duties with the series of mergers in which we became the parent of nCino OpCo and SimpleNexus. The court dismissed these claims and that decision is currently under appeal. We may, in the future, become subject, from time to time, to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as claims brought by our customers in connection with commercial disputes or employment claims made by current or former employees. Legal proceedings might result in damages and harm to our operations and prospects, reputational damage, substantial costs, and may divert management's attention and resources, which might adversely impact our business, overall financial condition, and results of operations. Insurance might not cover such claims, might not provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and might not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. Moreover, any negative impact to our reputation will not be adequately covered by any insurance recovery. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, thereby reducing our results of operations and leading analysts or potential investors to reduce their expectations of our performance, which could reduce the value of our common stock.
 Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain it as we grow, we could lose the innovation, creativity and teamwork fostered by our culture, and our business may be adversely affected.
 We believe our corporate culture is one of our fundamental strengths, as we believe it enables us to attract and retain top talent and deliver superior results for our customers. As we grow, we may find it difficult to preserve our corporate

 culture, which could reduce our ability to innovate and operate effectively. In turn, the failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to attract, recruit, integrate and retain employees, continue to perform at current levels and effectively execute our business strategy.
 We may encounter implementation challenges, including in situations in which we rely on SIs, which would materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We may face unexpected challenges related to the complexity of our customers' implementation and configuration requirements. Implementation of our solutions may be delayed or expenses may increase when customers have unexpected data, software, or technology challenges, or unanticipated business requirements, which could adversely affect our relationship with customers and our operating results. In general, the revenues related to implementation and other professional services we provide are recognized on a proportional performance basis, and delays and difficulties in these engagements could result in losses on these contracts. In addition, our customers often require complex acceptance testing related to the implementation of our solutions. We also leverage the services of SIs, including Accenture, Deloitte, PwC, and West Monroe Partners, among others, to implement and configure the nCino Bank Operating System for our larger FI customers, while we have historically performed professional services for smaller FIs ourselves. While SI partners generally contract directly with our customers, any failure or delay by the SI partners we work with in providing adequate service and support would likely adversely affect our brand and reputation. For implementations we conduct ourselves, project delays may result in recognizing revenues later than expected. Further, because we do not fully control our customers' implementation schedules, if our customers do not allocate the internal resources necessary to meet implementation timelines or if there are unanticipated implementation delays or difficulties, our ability to take customers live and the overall customer experience could be adversely affected. We rely on existing customers to act as references for prospective customers, and difficulties in implementation and configuration could therefore adversely affect our ability to attract new customers. Any difficulties or delays in implementation processes could cause customers to delay or forego future purchases of our solutions.
 We have experienced rapid growth, and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service and customer satisfaction, or adequately address competitive challenges, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Since our inception, our business has grown rapidly, which has resulted in a large increase in our employee headcount, expansion of our infrastructure, enhancement of our internal systems, and other significant changes and additional complexities. Our revenues increased from $273.9 million for fiscal 2022 to $408.3 million for fiscal 2023 to $476.5 million for fiscal 2024. Our revenues include the revenues of SimpleNexus from the date of acquisition on January 7, 2022. Our total number of employees increased from 436 as of January 31, 2018 to 1,653 as of January 31, 2024. Managing and sustaining a growing workforce and customer base geographically-dispersed in the U.S. and internationally requires substantial management effort, infrastructure, and operational capabilities. To support our growth, we must continue to improve our management resources and our operational and financial controls and systems, and these improvements may increase our expenses more than anticipated and result in a more complex business. We also have to expand and enhance the capabilities of our sales, relationship management, implementation, customer service, research and development, and other personnel to support our growth and continue to achieve high levels of customer service and satisfaction. Our success depends on our ability to plan for and manage this growth effectively. If we fail to anticipate and manage our growth or are unable to continue to provide high levels of customer service, our reputation, as well as our business and results of operations, could be materially and adversely affected.
 Defects, errors, or other performance problems in our solutions could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us, impair our ability to sell our solutions, and subject us to substantial liability.
 Our solutions are complex and may contain defects or errors when implemented or when new functionality is released. Despite extensive testing, from time to time we have discovered, and may in the future discover, defects or errors in our solutions. Any performance problems or defects in our solutions may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Defects, errors, or other performance problems or disruptions in service to provide bug fixes or upgrades, whether in connection with day-to-day operations or otherwise, could be costly for us, damage our customers' businesses, and harm our reputation. In addition, if we have any such errors, defects, or other performance problems, our customers could seek to terminate their contracts, elect not to renew their subscriptions, delay or withhold payment, or make claims against us. Any of these actions could result in liability, lost business, increased insurance costs, difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, costly litigation, or adverse publicity. Errors, defects, or other problems could also result in reduced sales or a loss of, or delay in, the market acceptance of our solutions.

 If we fail to accurately anticipate and respond to rapid changes in the industry in which we operate, our ability to attract and retain customers could be impaired and our competitive position could be harmed.
 The financial services industry is subject to rapid change and the introduction of new technologies to meet the needs of this industry will continue to have a significant effect on competitive conditions in our market. If we are unable to successfully expand our product offerings beyond our current solutions, our customers could migrate to competitors who may offer a broader or more attractive range of products and services. For example, in fiscal 2022, we launched our Commercial Pricing and Profitability solution, powered by nIQ, and we may fail to achieve market acceptance of this offering. Unexpected delays in releasing new or enhanced versions of our solutions, or errors following their release, could result in loss of sales, delay in market acceptance, or customer claims against us, any of which could adversely affect our business. The success of any new solution depends on several factors, including timely completion, adequate quality testing, and market acceptance. We may not be able to enhance aspects of our solutions successfully or introduce and gain market acceptance of new applications or improvements in a timely manner, or at all. Additionally, we must continually modify and enhance our solutions to keep pace with changes in software applications, database technology, and evolving technical standards and interfaces. Uncertainties related to our ability to introduce and improve functionality, announcements or introductions of a new or updated solution, or modifications by our competitors could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We leverage third-party software, content, and services for use with our solutions. Performance issues, errors and defects, or failure to successfully integrate or license necessary third-party software, content, or services, could cause delays, errors, or failures of our solutions, increases in our expenses, and reductions in our sales, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We use software and content licensed from, and services provided by, a variety of third parties in connection with the operation of our solutions. Any performance issues, errors, bugs, or defects in third-party software, content, or services could result in errors or a failure of our solutions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In the future, we might need to license other software, content, or services to enhance our solutions and meet evolving customer demands and requirements. Any limitations in our ability to use third-party software, content, or services could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays, a reduction in functionality, or errors or failures of our solutions until equivalent technology or content is either developed by us or, if available, identified, obtained through purchase or license, and integrated into our solutions. In addition, third-party licenses may expose us to increased risks, including risks associated with the integration of new technology, the diversion of resources from the development of our own proprietary technology, and our inability to generate revenues from new technology sufficient to offset associated acquisition and maintenance costs, all of which may increase our expenses and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 We may fail to successfully expand internationally. In addition, sales to customers outside the U.S. or with international operations expose us to risks inherent in international sales, which may include a marked increase in expenses.
 For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, sales to customers outside the U.S. accounted for 15.9%, 15.1% and 18.7%, respectively, of our total revenues. Our revenues include the revenues of SimpleNexus from the date of acquisition on January 7, 2022. A key element of our growth strategy is to further expand our international operations and worldwide customer base. We have expended significant resources to build out our sales and professional services organizations outside of the U.S. and we may not realize a suitable return on this investment in the near future, if at all. We have limited operating experience in international markets, and we cannot assure you that our international expansion efforts will be successful. Our experience in the U.S. may not be relevant to our ability to expand in any international market.
 Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic, and political risks that are different from those in the U.S. Export control regulations in the U.S. may increasingly be implicated in our operations as we expand internationally. These regulations may limit the export of our solutions and provision of our solutions outside of the U.S., or may require export authorizations, including by license, a license exception, or other appropriate government authorizations, including annual or semi-annual reporting and the filing of an encryption registration. Changes in export or import laws, or corresponding sanctions, may delay the introduction and sale of our solutions in international markets, or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our solutions to certain countries, regions, governments, persons, or entities altogether, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
 We are also subject to various domestic and international anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act, as well as other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally prohibit companies and their employees and intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing

 improper payments or benefits to officials and other recipients for improper purposes. Although we take precautions to prevent violations of these laws, our exposure for violating these laws increases as our international presence expands and as we increase sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions.
 In addition, we face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:
 • unanticipated costs;
 • the need to localize and adapt our solutions for specific countries;
 • complying with varying and sometimes conflicting data privacy laws and regulations;
 • difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, including employment laws and regulations;
 • unstable regional, economic, or political conditions;
 • different pricing environments, longer sales cycles, and collections issues;
 • new and different sources of competition;
 • weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the U.S. and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the U.S.;
 • laws and business practices favoring local competitors;
 • compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting, and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, and anti-bribery laws and regulations;
 • increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;
 • restrictions on the transfer of funds; and
 • adverse tax consequences.
 Our international contracts often provide for payment denominated in local currencies, and the majority of our local costs are denominated in local currencies. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may impact our results of operations when translated into U.S. dollars. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.
 The failure to attract and retain additional qualified personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
 We must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. In particular, we are dependent upon the services of our senior leadership team, and the loss of any member of this team could adversely affect our business. Competition for executive officers, software developers, sales personnel, and other key employees in our industry is intense. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing, and managing cloud-based software, as well as for skilled sales and operations professionals. Our principal operations are in Wilmington, North Carolina, where the pool of potential employees with the skills we need is more limited than it may be in larger markets, and we are sometimes required to induce prospective employees to relocate. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our growth prospects could be severely harmed. In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the actual and potential value of the equity awards they receive as part of their overall compensation. Thus, if the perceived value or future value of our stock declines, our ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees may be adversely affected.
 Failure to effectively expand our sales capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base.
 Increasing our customer base and expanding customer adoption within and across business lines will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to effectively expand our sales and marketing operations and activities. We plan to continue to

 expand our direct sales force both domestically and internationally for the foreseeable future. We believe that there is significant competition for experienced sales professionals with the sales skills and technical knowledge that we require. Newly hired employees require significant training and time before they achieve full productivity and they may not become as productive as quickly as we expect, if at all. Further, we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the future in the markets where we do business. Our business will be adversely affected if our sales expansion efforts do not generate a significant increase in revenues.
 If we fail to provide effective customer training on our solutions and high-quality customer support, our business and reputation would suffer.
 Effective customer training and high-quality, ongoing customer support are critical to the successful marketing, sale, and adoption of our solutions and for the renewal of existing customer contracts. As we grow our customer base, we will need to further invest in and expand our customer support and training organization, which could strain our team and infrastructure and reduce profit margins. If we do not help our customers adopt our solutions, quickly resolve any post-implementation matters, and provide effective ongoing customer support and training, our ability to expand sales to existing and future customers and our reputation would be adversely affected.
 If we are unable to effectively integrate our solutions with other systems used by our customers, or if there are performance issues with such third-party systems, our solutions will not operate effectively and our business and reputation will be adversely affected.
 Our solutions integrate with other third-party systems used by our customers, including core processing systems. We do not have formal arrangements with many of these third-party providers regarding our access to their application program interfaces to enable these customer integrations. If we are unable to effectively integrate with third-party systems, our customers' operations may be disrupted, which may result in disputes with customers, negatively impact customer satisfaction and harm our business. If the software of such third-party providers has performance or other problems, such issues may reflect poorly on us and the adoption and renewal of our solutions, and our business and reputation may be harmed.
 Our sales cycle can be unpredictable, time-consuming and costly.
 Our sales process involves educating prospective customers and existing customers about the benefits and technical capabilities of our solutions. Prospective customers often undertake a prolonged evaluation process, which typically involves not only our solutions, but also those of our competitors. Our sales cycles are typically lengthy, generally ranging from six to nine months for smaller FIs and 12 to 18 months or more for larger FIs. We may spend substantial time, effort and money on our sales and marketing efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. Events affecting our customers' businesses may occur during the sales cycle that could affect the size or timing of a purchase, contributing to more unpredictability in our business and results of operations. As a result of these factors, we may face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in the future.
 Failure to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Our future success and competitive position depend in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technologies. To safeguard these rights, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws and contractual protections in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, all of which provide only limited protection and may not now or in the future provide us with a competitive advantage.
 As of January 31, 2024, we had 12 issued patents and one patent application pending relating to the nCino Bank Operating System in the U.S. We cannot assure you that any patents will issue from any patent applications, that patents that may be issued from such applications will give us the protection we seek or that any such patents will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. Any patents that may issue in the future from our pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection and may not be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. We have registered the "nCino" name and logo in the U.S. and certain other countries and we have registrations and/or pending applications for additional marks including "nIQ" in the U.S. and certain other countries. However, we cannot assure you that any future trademark registrations will be issued for pending or future applications or that any registered trademarks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our proprietary rights. We also license software from third parties for integration into our solutions, including open source software and other software available on commercially reasonable terms. We cannot assure you that such third parties will maintain such software or continue to make it available. We also rely on confidentiality

 agreements, consulting agreements, work-for-hire agreements, and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, and others.
 Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology and trade secrets, unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate, reverse engineer, or otherwise obtain and use them. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets, in which case we would not be able to assert trade secret rights, or develop similar technologies and processes. Further, the contractual provisions that we enter into may not prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or intellectual property rights and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or intellectual property rights. Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, trade secrets, and intellectual property is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the U.S. and where mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be weak. We may be unable to determine the extent of any unauthorized use or infringement of our solutions, technologies, or intellectual property rights.
 We use "open source" software in our solutions, which may restrict how we use or distribute our solutions, require that we release the source code of certain software subject to open source licenses, or subject us to litigation or other actions that could adversely affect our business.
 We currently use in our solutions, and may use in the future, software that is licensed under "open source," "free," or other similar license, where the licensed software is made available to the general public on an "as-is" basis under the terms of a specific non-negotiable license. Some open source software licenses require that software subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works based on the open source code be licensed in source code form under the same open source licenses. Although we monitor our use of open source software, we cannot assure you that all open source software is reviewed prior to use in our solutions, that our programmers have not incorporated open source software into our solutions, or that they will not do so in the future.
 In addition, our solutions may incorporate third-party software under commercial licenses. We cannot be certain whether such third-party software incorporates open source software without our knowledge. In the past, companies that incorporate open source software into their products have faced claims alleging noncompliance with open source license terms or infringement or misappropriation of proprietary software. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms or infringement or misappropriation of proprietary software. Because few courts have interpreted open source licenses, the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is subject to some uncertainty. There is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market or provide our solutions. As a result of using open source software subject to such licenses, we could be required to release proprietary source code, pay damages, re-engineer our solutions, limit or discontinue sales, or take other remedial action, any of which could adversely affect our business.
 Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights, whether or not correct, could result in significant costs and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Patent and other intellectual property disputes are common in our industry. We may be subject to claims in the future alleging that we have misappropriated, misused, or infringed other parties' intellectual property rights. Some companies, including certain of our competitors, own a larger number of patents, copyrights, and trademarks than we do, which they may use to assert claims against us. This disparity may also increase the risk that third parties may sue us for patent infringement and may limit our ability to counterclaim for patent infringement or settle through patent cross-licenses. In addition, future assertions of patent rights by third parties, and any resulting litigation, may involve patent holding companies, non-practicing entities, or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenues and against whom our own patents may provide little or no deterrence or protection. Our solutions utilize third-party licensed software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these licenses could adversely affect our business. Third parties may also assert claims of intellectual property rights infringement against our customers, whom we are typically required to indemnify. As competition increases, claims of infringement, misappropriation, and other violations of intellectual property rights may increase. Any claim of infringement, misappropriation, or other violation of intellectual property rights by a third party, even those without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, could distract our management from our business, and could deter customers or potential customers from purchasing our solutions.

 There can be no assurance that we will successfully defend third-party intellectual property claims. An adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to:
 • pay substantial damages, including treble damages, if we are found to have willfully infringed a third party's patents or copyrights;
 • cease developing or selling any elements of our solutions that rely on technology that is alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others;
 • enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or intellectual property rights;
 • expend additional development resources to attempt to redesign our solutions or otherwise develop non-infringing technology, which may not be successful; and
 • indemnify our customers and other third parties.
 Any license we may enter into as a result of litigation may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. Any of the foregoing events could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Our ability to raise capital in a timely manner if needed in the future may be limited, or such capital may be unavailable on acceptable terms, if at all. Our failure to raise capital if needed could adversely affect our business and results of operations, and any debt or equity issued to raise additional capital may reduce the value of our common stock.
 We have funded our operations since inception primarily through equity financings and receipts generated from customers. During our fiscal year 2023, we supplemented our liquidity with a revolving credit facility of up to $50.0 million (the "Credit Facility"). As of January 31, 2024, we had no amounts outstanding under our Credit Facility. In March 2024, we amended our Credit Facility and increased our borrowing availability to $100.0 million. We cannot be certain when or if our operations will generate sufficient cash to fund our ongoing operations or the growth of our business. We intend to continue to make investments to support our business and may require additional funds. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. If we incur debt, including under the revolving line of credit, the lenders would have rights senior to holders of common stock to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any future debt could restrict our operations, and we may be unable to service or repay the debt. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity securities, stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in a future offering will depend on numerous considerations, including factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the impact any future incurrence of debt or issuance of equity securities will have on us. Any future incurrence of debt or issuance of equity securities could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
 Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.
 We have incurred substantial net operating losses ("NOLs"), during our history. U.S. federal and certain state NOLs generated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 are not subject to expiration. Federal NOLs generally may not be carried back to prior taxable years except that, under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, federal NOLs generated in tax years 2018, 2019, and 2020 may be carried back to each of the five taxable years preceding the taxable year in which the loss arises. Additionally, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, the deductibility of federal NOLs is limited to 80% of our taxable income in such taxable year. NOLs generated in tax years before 2018 may still be used to offset future taxable income without regard to the 80% limitation, although they have the potential to expire without being utilized if we do not achieve profitability in the future. However, under the rules of Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation's ability to use its NOLs, pre-change tax attributes and any net unrealized built-in losses to offset its post-change taxable income or taxes may be limited. The applicable rules generally operate by focusing on changes in ownership among stockholders considered by the rules as owning, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the stock of a company, as well as changes in ownership arising from new issuances of stock by the company. The rules of Section 382 are regularly being evaluated to determine any potential limitations. If we experience one or more ownership changes as a result of future transactions in our stock, then we may be

 limited in our ability to use our NOL carryforwards, pre-change tax attributes or deductions to offset our future taxable income, if any.
 Amendments to existing tax laws, rules, or regulations, or enactment of new unfavorable tax laws, rules, or regulations could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
 The rules dealing with U.S. federal, state, and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our common stock. In recent years, many such changes have been made and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted in 2017 and made a number of significant changes to the current U.S. federal income tax rules, including reducing the generally applicable corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposing additional limitations on the deductibility of interest, placing limits on the utilization of NOLs, and making substantial changes to the international tax rules. In addition, on March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law, which included certain changes in tax law intended to stimulate the U.S. economy in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, including temporary beneficial changes to the treatment of net operating losses, interest deductibility limitations, and payroll tax matters. Many of the provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act still require guidance through the issuance and/or finalization of regulations by the U.S. Treasury Department in order to fully assess their effects, and there may be substantial delays before such regulations are promulgated and/or finalized, increasing the uncertainty as to the ultimate effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on us and our stockholders. There also may be technical corrections legislation or other legislative changes proposed with respect to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the effects of which cannot be predicted and may be adverse to us or our stockholders.
 Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock
 The market price of our common stock may be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations and you may lose all or part of your investment.
 The market price of our common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
 • variations between our actual operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors, and the financial community;
 • any forward-looking financial or operating information we may provide to the public or securities analysts, any changes in this information, or our failure to meet expectations based on this information;
 • actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow us, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
 • additional shares of our common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders, or the anticipation of such sales;
 • hedging activities by market participants;
 • announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
 • changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies in our industry, including our competitors;
 • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole, including inflation and rising interest rates;
 • lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
 • developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies; and

 • other events or factors, political conditions, election cycles, war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.
 In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many technology companies' stock prices. Stock prices often fluctuate in ways unrelated or disproportionate to a company's operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and seriously harm our business.
 Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.
 Because one of our stockholders holds a substantial amount of our total outstanding common stock, the influence of our public stockholders over significant corporate actions is limited and sales by this stockholder could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
 Based on the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2024, entities affiliated with Insight Partners ("Insight Partners") holds approximately 34% of our total outstanding common stock. As a result, Insight Partners has the ability to influence the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, the approval of mergers, or other changes of corporate control, any of which may be in opposition to the best interests of our other stockholders and may adversely impact our results of operations and the value of our common stock. Sales of our common stock by Insight Partners could have an immediate and substantial adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
 We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.
 We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
 Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders and impair the market price of our common stock.
 Future issuances of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales may occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised or options, restricted stock units, or other stock-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our common stock. As a result, purchasers of our common stock bear the risk that future issuances of debt or equity securities may reduce the value of our common stock and further dilute their ownership interest.
 Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our common stock.
 Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay, or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions include the following:
 • establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board of directors are elected at one time;

 • permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly-created directorships;
 • provide that directors may only be removed for cause;
 • require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;
 • authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;
 • prohibit stockholders from calling special meetings of stockholders;
 • prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
 • provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws;
 • restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware; and
 • establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.
 Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
 Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
 Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf under Delaware law, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL"), our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (4) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or (5) any other action asserting an "internal corporate claim," as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL, shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) in all cases subject to the court having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. These exclusive-forum provisions do not apply to claims under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
 To the extent that any such claims may be based upon federal law claims, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
 Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains a federal forum provision which provides that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.
 Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision. This exclusive-forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our results of operations.

 General Risks
 Uncertain or weakened economic conditions, including inflation and rising interest rates and geopolitical uncertainties, may adversely affect our industry, business, and results of operations.
 Our overall performance depends on economic conditions, which may be challenging at various times in the future. Financial developments, monetary and other developments seemingly unrelated to us or our industry may adversely affect us. For example, the higher interest rate environment in the U.S., undertaken as a means to manage inflation, has had an impact on the real estate market in the U.S. and specifically, the demand for mortgage and mortgage-related products and services, which has had a negative impact on our nCino Mortgage business and may continue to adversely impact that business to the extent the higher interest rate environment persists.
 Moreover, domestic and international economies have from time-to-time been impacted by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, tariffs and other trade issues, threatened sovereign defaults and ratings downgrades, restricted credit, threats to major multinational companies, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, and overall uncertainty, including uncertainty as a result of geopolitical events such as the conflicts in and around Ukraine, the Middle East and other parts of the world. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of the current or any future potential economic slowdown in the U.S. or globally. These conditions affect the rate of technology spending generally and could adversely affect our customers' ability or willingness to purchase our solutions, delay prospective customers' purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscriptions, or affect renewal rates, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations.
 Natural or man-made disasters and other similar events may significantly disrupt our business, and negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
 A significant portion of our employee base, operating facilities, and infrastructure are centralized in Wilmington, North Carolina. Any of our facilities may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, floods, earthquakes, nuclear disasters, acts of terrorism or other criminal activities, infectious disease outbreaks or pandemic events, power outages, and other infrastructure failures, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to operate our business for some period of time. Our facilities would likely be costly to repair or replace, and any such efforts would likely require substantial time. Any disruptions in our operations could adversely affect our business and results of operations and harm our reputation. Moreover, although we have disaster recovery plans, they may prove inadequate. We may not carry sufficient business insurance to compensate for losses that may occur. Any such losses or damages could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, the facilities of our third-party providers, including Salesforce and AWS, may be harmed or rendered inoperable by such natural or man-made disasters, which may cause disruptions, difficulties, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.
 If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, the trading price or trading volume of our common stock could decline.
 The trading market for our common stock is influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If one or more analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our common stock, provide a more favorable recommendation about our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who covers us or may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our common stock to decline.
 Failure to maintain the adequacy of internal controls over financial reporting may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.
 We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. On an annual basis, this assessment includes disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal controls over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm is required to annually attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. We are required to disclose significant changes made in our internal controls procedure on a quarterly basis.

 Our compliance with Section 404 has required, and will continue to require, that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts.
 During the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal controls over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition and operating results. If we are unable to conclude that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal controls over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.
 Operating as a public company requires us to incur substantial costs and requires substantial management attention.
 As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur substantial legal, accounting, and other expenses. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the rules and regulations of the SEC, and the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Global Select Market. As part of these requirements, we established and maintain effective disclosure and financial controls and make changes to our corporate governance practices. Compliance with these requirements has and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming.
 Our management and other personnel divert attention from other business matters to devote substantial time to the reporting and other requirements of being a public company. In particular, we incur significant expense and devote substantial management effort to complying with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
 The terms of our Credit Facility contain restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.
 On February 11, 2022, we entered into Credit Agreement by and among the Company, nCino OpCo, Inc., certain subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, and Bank of America, N.A. as lender, as amended by that certain First Amendment, dated February 9, 2024, pursuant to which we received access to a revolving Credit Facility of up to $50.0 million. As of January 31, 2024, we had no amounts outstanding under our Credit Facility. In March 2024, we amended our Credit Facility and increased our borrowing availability to $100.0 million. The Credit Facility contains affirmative and restrictive covenants that limit our operating ability including to, among other things, dispose of assets, merge with other companies, incur additional indebtedness and liens, engage in new businesses, acquire certain other companies and modify organizational documents. In addition, the Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our personal property, and the Credit Facility requires us to satisfy certain covenants, including maintaining certain senior secured leverage and interest coverage ratios under the Credit Facility. As a result of these restrictions, we will be limited as to how we conduct our business and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. There is no guarantee that we will be able to meet our covenants or pay the principal and interest on any such debt. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. Any inability to make scheduled payments, meet the financial or other covenants in our Credit Facility would adversely affect our business. Further, at any time, if we violate the terms of the Credit Facility or otherwise fail to meet our covenants, we may not be able to obtain a waiver from the lenders under satisfactory terms, if at all, which would limit our operating flexibility and/or liquidity and which would have an adverse effect on our business and prospects.

 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
 None.

 Item 1C. Cybersecurity
 nCino's Enterprise Risk Management Program includes a cybersecurity risk management process and a formal Information Security Management System ("ISMS") as foundational components of the program. We routinely assess risks that could affect the organization's ability to meet its business objectives and provide reliable services to our customers. nCino's Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") is responsible for identifying, assessing, and managing material cybersecurity

 risks. nCino's CISO brings over 25 years of experience in security and risk management to the company and takes the lead on reporting risk to senior management and nCino's Board of Directors.
 nCino conducts annual cybersecurity risk and threat assessments which include detailed control analyses for measuring both inherent and residual risk factors. These assessments are performed by nCino Information Security as part of the ISO 27001 ISMS requirements. Our annual risk assessment is performed by using the nCino ISO 27001 risk assessment as a basis for risk identification, with additional assessments to address risks that threaten the achievement of the control objectives as appropriate. Threats to security, confidentiality, and availability are identified and assessed as part of our annual and routine risk assessments.
 nCino's CISO reports cyber security risk assessment results at Disclosure Committee Meetings, Board and Audit Committee Meetings, and executive subcommittees specializing in cyber security risk management (Risk Information Security Committee). nCino maintains a documented process for when and by whom senior management is informed of a cybersecurity incident and when such information will be reported to affected parties. These processes are detailed within our Incident Response Plan which is regularly reviewed and updated by the information security team.

 Item 2. Properties
 Our headquarters are located in Wilmington, North Carolina where we lease several facilities encompassing approximately 224,000 square feet plus a 648-space parking deck. The leases relating to approximately 180,000 square feet of those facilities plus an adjacent parking deck expire in October 2037, each with options to extend and a purchase option that expires if not exercised on or before November 30, 2026. We have additional domestic offices in the U.S. and international offices in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Japan, Spain and France. All of our offices are leased, and we do not own any real property.
 We believe our facilities are adequate for our current needs. We believe that we will be able to obtain additional space on commercially reasonable terms.

 Item 3. Legal Proceedings
 We are currently a party to, and may from time to time in the future be involved in, various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. For information regarding legal proceedings, see Note 16 "Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 3.

 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
 Not applicable.

 Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 Market Information for Common Stock
 Our common stock has been listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "NCNO" since July 14, 2020. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock.
 Stockholders
 As of January 31, 2024, there were 141 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of such shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.
 Dividends Policy
 We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination regarding the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. Our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock may be limited by any future debt instruments or preferred securities.
 Stock Performance Graph
 This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
 The graph below compares the cumulative total return to our stockholders on our common stock between July 14, 2020 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market) through January 31, 2024 in comparison to the Russell 2000 Index, and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested in our common stock on July 14, 2020, the Russell 2000 Index, and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends.

 Comparison of Cumulative Total Return of nCino, Inc.

 Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
 See Part III, Item 12 "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" for more information regarding securities authorized for issuance.
 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
 None.
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 None.

 Item 6. [Reserved]

 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in the section titled "Risk Factors." Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. Our fiscal year ends on January 31 of each year and references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to a fiscal year mean the year in which that fiscal year ends. For example, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to "fiscal 2024" refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.
 The following section of this Form 10-K discusses our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2024 and 2023 and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. Discussions of fiscal 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in Part II, Item 7,

 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2023.

 Overview
 Through its single software-as-a-service ("SaaS") platform, nCino helps financial institutions ("FI") serving corporate and commercial, small business, consumer, and mortgage customers modernize and more effectively onboard clients, open accounts, make loans and navigate the loan lifecycle, and effectively monitor and manage their portfolio. Transforming how FIs operate through innovation, reputation and speed, nCino is partnered with more than 1,800 customers globally. With the nCino Bank Operating System, FIs can:
 • digitally serve their clients across lines of business,
 • improve efficiency,
 • elevate employee experience and performance,
 • manage risk and compliance more effectively,
 • establish an active data, audit, and business intelligence hub, and
 • embrace the value of intelligent automation and uncover data-driven insights.
 nCino was originally founded in a bank to improve that FI's operations and client service. After realizing that the same problems—cumbersome legacy technology, fragmented data, disconnected business functions, and a disengaged workforce made it difficult to maintain relevancy in their clients' lives—were endemic across the financial services industry, nCino spun out as a separate company in late 2011. This heritage is the foundation of our deep banking domain expertise, which differentiates us, continues to drive our strategy, and makes us uniquely qualified to help FIs create new efficiencies by providing an end-to-end platform that spans business lines and combines capabilities for a seamless experience.
 The nCino Bank Operating System was initially designed to help transform commercial and small business lending for community and regional banks. This solution was introduced to enterprise banks in the United States ("U.S.") in 2014, and then internationally in 2017, and has subsequently expanded across North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific ("APAC"). Throughout this market expansion, we broadened the nCino Bank Operating System by adding functionality for consumer lending, client onboarding, deposit account opening, analytics and artificial intelligence and machine learning. In fiscal 2020, we acquired nCino Portfolio Analytics, LLC (formerly Visible Equity) and FinSuite as part of our strategy to build out our nIQ capabilities, and we established our nCino K.K. joint venture to facilitate our entry into the Japanese market. Additionally, in January 2022, we acquired SimpleNexus, which expanded our capabilities to the U.S. point-of-sale mortgage market. On September 8, 2023, SimpleNexus began operating as SimpleNexus, LLC d/b/a nCino Mortgage, LLC ("nCino Mortgage") as part of our rebranding effort, resulting in a change to the trade name useful life. As a result, the Company recorded accelerated amortization to fully amortize the remaining trade name intangible asset. The effect of this change in estimate for the year ended January 31, 2024 was an increase in sales and marketing amortization expense of $9.5 million, which resulted in an increase in loss of operations and net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. of $9.5 million, or $0.08 per basic and diluted share.
 We generally offer the nCino Bank Operating System on a subscription basis pursuant to non-cancellable multi-year contracts that typically range from three to five years, and we employ a "land and expand" business model. The nCino Bank Operating System is designed to scale with our customers, and once our solution is deployed, we seek to have our customers expand adoption within and across lines of business. For fiscal 2024, we had a subscription revenue retention rate of 117%. See Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Factors Affecting Our Operating Results—Subscription Revenue Retention Rate" for additional information on subscription revenue retention rates.
 We sell our solutions directly through our business development managers, account executives, field sales engineers, and customer success managers. Our sales efforts in the U.S. are organized around FIs based on size, whereas internationally, we focus our sales efforts by geography. As of January 31, 2024, we had 223 sales and sales support personnel in the U.S., including nCino Mortgage, and 69 sales and support personnel in offices outside the U.S.

 To help customers go live with our solutions, we offer professional services including configuration and implementation, training, and advisory services. For enterprise FIs, we generally work with SI partners such as Accenture, Deloitte, and PwC for the delivery of professional services for the nCino Bank Operating System. For regional FIs, we work with SIs such as West Monroe Partners, and for community banks, we work with SIs or perform configuration and implementation ourselves. We expect enterprise FIs to make up a greater proportion of our nCino Bank Operating System sales.
 On January 18, 2023, the Company announced a workforce reduction of approximately seven percent 7% and office space reductions in certain markets (collectively, the "Restructuring Plan") in furtherance of its efforts to improve operating margins and advance the Company's objective of profitable growth. Employees impacted by this event are included in our headcount as of January 31, 2023. The Company incurred charges in the fourth quarter of the Company's fiscal 2023 of $4.8 million in connection with the Restructuring Plan. As of January 31, 2023, the accrual for severance and related benefit costs of $5.0 million for terminated employees was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the consolidated balance sheets and was paid in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal 2024. The Company paid $0.8 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 to exercise an early termination clause to exit a facility during fiscal 2024, which was accounted for as a lease modification under ASC 842. See Note 19 "Restructuring" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
 Our total revenues were $273.9 million, $408.3 million, and $476.5 million for fiscal 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, representing a 31.9% compound annual growth rate. Our revenues include $3.9 million in revenues from SimpleNexus from the Acquisition Date for fiscal 2022 and $65.4 million for fiscal 2023. Our subscription revenues in fiscal 2022 were $224.9 million or 82.1% of total revenues, $344.8 million or 84.4% of total revenues in fiscal 2023, and $409.5 million or 85.9% of total revenues in fiscal 2024, representing a 34.9% compound annual growth rate. Our subscription-based revenues include $3.7 million from SimpleNexus from the Acquisition Date for fiscal 2022 and $59.8 million for fiscal 2023. Due to our investments in growth, we recorded net losses attributable to nCino in fiscal 2022, 2023, and 2024 of $49.4 million, $102.7 million, and $42.3 million, respectively. Our net losses include the operating results of SimpleNexus from the Acquisition Date.
 In March 2024, we acquired DocFox, a leading solution provider automating onboarding experiences for commercial and business banking, for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million. See Note 20 "Subsequent Events" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

 Factors Affecting Our Operating Results
 Market Adoption of Our Solution. Our future growth depends on our ability to expand our reach to new FI customers and increase adoption with existing customers as they broaden their use of our solutions within and across lines of business. Our success in growing our customer base and expanding adoption of our solutions by existing customers requires a focused direct sales engagement and the ability to convince key decision makers at FIs to replace legacy third-party point solutions or internally developed software with our solutions. In addition, growing our customer base will require us to increasingly penetrate markets outside the U.S., which accounted for 18.7% of total revenues for fiscal 2024. For new customers, our sales cycles are typically lengthy, generally ranging from six to nine months for smaller FIs to 12 to 18 months or more for larger FIs. Key to landing new customers is our ability to successfully take our existing customers live and help them achieve measurable returns on their investment, thereby turning them into referenceable accounts. If we are unable to successfully address the foregoing challenges, our ability to grow our business and achieve profitability will be adversely affected, which may in turn reduce the value of our common stock.
 Mix of Subscription and Professional Services Revenues. The initial deployment of our solutions by our customers requires a period of implementation and configuration services that typically range from three months to 18 months, depending on the scope. As a result, during the initial go-live period for a customer on the nCino Bank Operating System, professional services revenues generally make up a substantial portion of our revenues from that customer, whereas over time, revenues from established customers are more heavily weighted to subscriptions. While professional services revenues will fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues in the future and tend to be higher in periods of faster growth, over time we expect subscription revenues will make up an increasing proportion of our total revenues as our overall business grows.
 Subscription Revenue Retention Rate. We believe that our ability to retain and grow subscription revenues from our existing customers over time strengthens the stability and predictability of our revenue base and is reflective of both the adoption curve of customers and the value we deliver to them. We assess our performance in this area using a metric we refer to as subscription revenue retention rate. We calculate our subscription revenue retention rate as total subscription revenues in a fiscal year from customers who contracted for any of our solutions as of January 31 of the prior fiscal year, expressed as a

 percentage of total subscription revenues for the prior fiscal year. In accordance with this definition, subscription revenues from customers obtained through an acquisition will first be included in the calculation in the fiscal year subsequent to such acquisition, for the periods they were a customer of nCino. Our subscription revenue retention rate provides insight into the impact on current year subscription revenues of:
 • the number and timing of new customers and phased activation of seats purchased by them in prior years, which activation schedules can span several fiscal years for larger contracts;
 • expanding adoption of our solutions by our existing customers during the current year, excluding any revenues derived from businesses acquired during such year; and
 • customer attrition.
 For fiscal 2022, 2023, and 2024, we had subscription revenue retention rates of 133%, 148%, and 117%, respectively. The most significant driver of changes in our subscription revenue retention rate each year has historically been the number of new customers in prior years and the associated phased activation schedules for such customers. In addition, because larger FIs tend to make more sizable purchases with longer activation schedules, we expect variability in our subscription revenue retention rates based on the timing and extent of our continued penetration of this portion of the market. The increase in our subscription revenue retention rate for fiscal 2023 was due to the inclusion of customers who had contracts with nCino Mortgage in effect prior to January 31, 2022. Subscription revenues from periods prior to the acquisition were excluded from the calculation for fiscal 2023. Excluding nCino Mortgage, the subscription revenue retention rate for fiscal 2023 was 125%. The moderation in our subscription revenue retention rate for fiscal 2024 was due to a decline in revenues from customers adversely affected by an increase in mortgage interest rates, from the expiration of licenses utilized for forgiveness monitoring of Paycheck Protection Program loans, and from the acquisition of customers by non-customers. Our use of subscription revenue retention rate has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation. Other companies in adjacent markets may calculate subscription revenue retention rates or similar metrics differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.
 Long-term ACV Expansion. A key element of our growth strategy is to expand our deployed footprint with a customer after initial adoption. Our customers typically purchase the nCino Bank Operating System for a defined line of business or to support a specific use case and, once deployed, we seek to convince the customer to adopt our solutions within and across additional lines of business. To date, we have been successful in executing our land and expand strategy as a result of the ability of our solutions to streamline workflow, generate meaningful insights for operational improvement, and help drive improved bottom line results. Due to our rapid growth, many of our customers have not yet come up for renewal, so our historical net retention rates may not be predictive of future results. If our customers do not continue to see the ability of our solutions to generate return on investment relative to other available solutions or at all, net retention rates could suffer and our operating results could be adversely affected.
 We believe our ACV-based net retention of customers over the long term illustrates our success in executing our land and expand strategy, as it demonstrates growing adoption by existing customers, including price increases but net of attrition. To measure net retention, we categorize customers by the year in which they first contracted for one of our solutions, which we call an annual cohort. For each annual cohort, we measure the total ACV for our most recently completed fiscal year and divide it by the total ACV for such cohort at the end of the initial cohort year. We refer to the resulting quotient as "ACV-based net retention." In any given period, ACV for a customer represents the annualized subscription fees from the fully activated subscription contracts in effect for such customers at the end of the applicable period. While we expect ACV-based net retention to increase over time for each respective cohort as we execute our land and expand strategy, occasionally ACV-based net retention can moderate from one period to the next, from customer consolidation for example.
 The graphic below illustrates our ACV-based net retention for customers initially signed since fiscal 2013. Customers who signed with nCino Mortgage prior to January 31, 2022, are included in the fiscal 2022 cohort and customers

 who signed with Portfolio Analytics prior to January 31, 2020, are represented in the fiscal 2020 cohort. Each individual cohort is not necessarily predictive of other or future cohorts.
 Annual Contract Value ("ACV")

 Macroeconomic Environment. We are currently operating in a higher interest rate environment as the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised interest rates as a means to manage inflation. These rate increases have had an impact on the real estate market in the U.S. and specifically, the demand for mortgages and mortgage-related products and services, which has had a negative impact on our nCino Mortgage business.
 We will continue to monitor the impact the macroeconomic environment may have on our business.
 Continued Investment in Innovation and Growth. We have made substantial investments in product development, sales and marketing, and strategic acquisitions since our inception to achieve a leadership position in our market and grow our revenues and customer base. We intend to continue to increase our investment in product development in the coming years to maintain and build on this advantage. We also intend to invest in sales and marketing both in the U.S. and internationally to further grow our business. To capitalize on the market opportunity we see ahead of us, we expect to continue to optimize our operating plans for revenue growth and profitability.

 Components of Results of Operations
 Revenues
 We derive our revenues from subscription and professional services and other revenues.
 Subscription Revenues. Our subscription revenues consist principally of fees from customers for accessing our solutions and maintenance and support services that we generally offer under non-cancellable multi-year contracts, which

 typically range from three to five years for the nCino Bank Operating System and one to three years for nCino Mortgage. Specifically, we offer:
 • Client onboarding, loan origination, and deposit account opening applications targeted at a FI's commercial, small business, and retail lines of business, for which we generally charge on a per seat basis.
 • nIQ for which we generally charge based on the asset size of the customer or on a usage basis.
 • Through nCino Mortgage, a digital homeownership solution uniting people, systems, and stages of the mortgage process into a seamless end-to-end journey for which we generally charge on a per seat basis.
 • Maintenance and support services as well as internal-use or "sandbox" development licenses, for which we generally charge as a percentage of the related subscription fees.
 Our subscription revenues are generally recognized ratably over the term of the contract beginning upon activation. For new customers, we may activate a portion of seats at inception of the agreement, with the balance activated at contractually specified points in time thereafter, to pattern our invoicing after the customer's expected rate of implementation and adoption. Where seats are activated in stages, we charge subscription fees from the date of activation through the anniversary of the initial activation date, and annually thereafter. Subscription fees associated with the nCino Bank Operating System are generally billed annually in advance while subscription fees for nCino Mortgage are generally billed monthly in advance. Maintenance and support fees, as well as development licenses, are provided over the same periods as the related subscriptions, so fees are invoiced and revenues are recognized over the same periods. Subscription fees invoiced are recorded as deferred revenue pending recognition as revenues. In certain cases, we are authorized to resell access to Salesforce's CRM solution along with the nCino Bank Operating System. When we resell such access, we charge a higher subscription price and remit a higher subscription fee to Salesforce for these subscriptions.
 Professional Services and Other Revenues. Professional services and other revenues consist of fees for implementation and configuration assistance, training, and advisory services. For enterprise and larger regional FIs, we generally work with SI partners to provide the majority of implementation services for the nCino Bank Operating System, for which these SI partners bill our customers directly. We have historically delivered professional services ourselves for community banks and smaller credit unions and nCino Mortgage has historically provided professional services directly to its customers. Revenues for implementation, training, and advisory services are generally recognized on a proportional performance basis, based on labor hours incurred relative to total budgeted hours. To date, our losses on professional services contracts have not been material. During the initial go-live period for a customer on the nCino Bank Operating System, professional services revenues generally make up a substantial portion of our revenues from that customer, whereas over time, revenues from established customers are more heavily weighted to subscriptions. While professional services revenues will fluctuate as a percentage of total revenues in the future and tend to be higher in periods of faster growth, over time we expect to see subscription revenues make up an increasing proportion of our total revenues.
 Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
 Cost of Subscription Revenues. Cost of subscription revenues consists of fees paid to Salesforce for access to the Salesforce Platform, including Salesforce's hosting infrastructure and data center operations, along with certain integration fees paid to other third parties. When we resell access to Salesforce's CRM solution, cost of subscription revenues also includes the subscription fees we remit to Salesforce for providing such access. We also incur costs associated with access to other platforms. In addition, cost of subscription revenues includes personnel-related costs associated with delivering maintenance and support services, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs, amortization of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead. Our subscription gross margin will vary from period to period as a function of the utilization of support personnel and the extent to which we recognize subscription revenues from the resale of Salesforce's CRM solution.
 Cost of Professional Services and Other Revenues. Cost of professional services and other revenues consists primarily of personnel-related costs associated with delivery of these services, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs, and allocated overhead. The cost of providing professional services is significantly higher as a percentage of the related revenues than for our subscription services due to direct labor costs. The cost of professional services revenues has increased in absolute dollars as we have added new customer subscriptions that require professional services and built-out our international professional services capabilities. Realized effective billing and utilization rates drive fluctuations in our professional services and other gross margin on a period-to-period basis.

 Operating Expenses
 Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees, including salaries, sales commissions and incentives, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, travel and related costs. We capitalize incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts, primarily consisting of sales commissions, and subsequently amortize these costs over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be approximately four years. Sales and marketing expenses also include outside consulting fees, marketing programs, including lead generation, costs of our annual user conference, advertising, trade shows, other event expenses, amortization of intangible assets, and allocated overhead. We expect sales and marketing expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation associated with our engineering, product and quality assurance personnel, as well as allocated overhead. Research and development expenses also include the cost of third-party contractors. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expect research and development costs will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation associated with our executive, finance, legal, human resources, information technology, compliance and other administrative personnel. General and administrative expenses also include accounting, auditing and legal professional services fees, travel and other corporate-related expenses, and allocated overhead, as well as acquisition-related expenses, such as legal and other professional services fees. We expect general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 Non-Operating Income (Expense)
 Interest Income. Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.
 Interest Expense. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to our financing obligations along with interest expense on borrowings, commitment fees, and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our secured revolving credit facility.
 Other Expense, Net. Other expense, net consists primarily of foreign currency gains and losses, the majority of which is due to intercompany loans that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity.
 Income Tax Provision (Benefit). Income tax provision (benefit) consists of federal and state income taxes in the U.S. and income taxes in foreign jurisdictions.

 Results of Operations
 The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables present our selected consolidated statements of operations data for fiscal 2022, 2023, and 2024 in both dollars and as a percentage of total revenues, except as noted.

 ($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 20221

 2023
 2024

 Revenues:

 Subscription revenues

 $
 224,854
 $
 344,752
 $
 409,479

 Professional services and other revenues

 49,011
 63,563
 67,064

 Total revenues
 273,865
 408,315
 476,543

 Cost of revenues:

 64,508
 106,265
 120,861

 46,905
 63,341
 70,609

 Total cost of revenues
 111,413
 169,606
 191,470

 Gross profit
 162,452
 238,709
 285,073

 Operating expenses:

 82,901
 127,669
 130,547

 79,363
 121,576
 117,311

 71,545
 83,477
 76,727

 Total operating expenses
 233,809
 332,722
 324,585

 Loss from operations
 (71,357)
 (94,013)
 (39,512)

 Non-operating income (expense):

 Interest income
 2,567

 Interest expense
 (1,514)
 (2,807)
 (4,135)

 Other expense, net
 (1,277)
 (1,356)
 (856)

 Loss before income taxes
 (73,954)
 (97,773)
 (41,936)

 Income tax provision (benefit)
 (23,833)
 4,071
 1,590

 (50,121)
 (101,844)
 (43,526)

 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 (1,569)
 (1,119)
 (1,109)

 Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 1,995
 (71)

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 (49,446)
 $
 (102,720)
 $
 (42,346)

 Net loss per share attributable to nCino, Inc.:

 Basic and diluted
 $
 (0.51)
 $
 (0.93)
 $
 (0.38)

 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

 Basic and diluted
 96,722,464
 110,615,734
 112,672,397

 1Includes the operating results of SimpleNexus from the Acquisition Date, see Note 7 "Business Combinations" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

 The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 $
 1,430
 $
 1,847

 5,195
 7,263
 9,369

 7,520
 13,283
 15,417

 6,186
 11,602
 15,942

 8,616
 16,654
 15,460

 Total stock-based compensation expense1

 $
 28,477
 $
 50,232
 $
 58,035

 1Includes $0.2 million benefit incurred for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 in connection with the restructuring plan commenced in January 2023. See Note 19 "Restructuring" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
 The Company recognized amortization expense for intangible assets as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 2,604
 $
 17,019
 $
 16,306

 —

 2,303
 11,087
 20,590

 Total amortization expense
 $
 4,907
 $
 28,200
 $
 37,226

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Revenues:

 Subscription revenues
 82.1
 %
 84.4
 %
 85.9
 %

 Professional services and other revenues
 17.9
 15.6
 14.1

 Total revenues
 100.0
 100.0
 100.0

 Cost of revenues (percentage shown in comparison to related revenues):

 28.7
 30.8
 29.5

 95.7
 99.7
 105.3

 Total cost of revenues
 40.7
 41.5
 40.2

 Gross profit
 59.3
 58.5
 59.8

 Operating expenses:

 30.3
 31.3
 27.4

 29.0
 29.8
 24.6

 26.1
 20.4
 16.1

 Total operating expenses
 85.4
 81.5
 68.1

 Loss from operations
 (26.1)
 (23.0)
 (8.3)

 Non-operating income (expense):

 Interest income
 0.1
 0.1
 0.5

 Interest expense
 (0.6)
 (0.7)
 (0.9)

 Other expense, net
 (0.5)
 (0.3)
 (0.2)

 Loss before income taxes
 (27.1)
 (23.9)
 (8.9)

 Income tax provision (benefit)
 (8.7)
 1.0
 0.3

 (18.4)
 %
 (24.9)
 %
 (9.2)
 %

 Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2023 and 2024
 Revenues

 2023
 2024

 Revenues:

 Subscription revenues
 $
 344,752
 84.4
 %
 $
 409,479
 85.9
 %

 Professional services and other revenues
 63,563
 15.6
 67,064
 14.1

 Total revenues
 $
 408,315
 100.0
 %
 $
 476,543
 100.0
 %

 Subscription Revenues
 Subscription revenues increased $64.7 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, due to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the prior period and growth from existing customers within and across lines of business. Of the increase, 86.2% was attributable to increased revenues from existing customers as additional seats were activated in accordance with contractual terms and customers expanded their adoption of our solutions, and 13.8% was attributable to initial revenues from customers who did not contribute to subscription revenues during the prior period. Subscription revenues were 85.9% of total revenues for fiscal 2024 compared to 84.4% of total revenues for fiscal 2023, primarily due to growth in our installed base.
 Professional Services and Other Revenues
 Professional services and other revenues increased $3.5 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, primarily due to the addition of new customers as well as expanded adoption by existing customers within and across lines of business where implementation, configuration, and training services were required.
 Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

 2023
 2024

 Cost of revenues (percentage shown in comparison to related revenues):

 $
 106,265
 30.8
 %
 $
 120,861
 29.5
 %

 63,341
 99.7
 70,609
 105.3

 Total cost of revenues
 $
 169,606
 41.5
 $
 191,470
 40.2

 Gross profit
 $
 238,709
 58.5
 %
 $
 285,073
 59.8
 %

 Cost of Subscription Revenues
 Cost of subscription revenues increased $14.6 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, generating a gross margin for subscription revenues of 70.5% compared to a gross margin of 69.2% for fiscal 2023. Costs related to Salesforce user fees increased $10.4 million as we continued to add new customers and sell additional functionality to existing customers, and other costs of subscription revenues increased $2.5 million due to costs associated with access to other platforms and data center costs. Personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, increased $2.0 million, mainly from an increase in average headcount. We expect the cost of subscription revenues will continue to increase in absolute dollars as the number of users of the nCino Bank Operating System grows.
 Cost of Professional Services and Other Revenues
 Cost of professional services and other revenues increased $7.3 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, generating a gross margin for professional services and other revenues of (5.3)% compared to a gross margin of 0.3% for fiscal 2023. For fiscal 2024, personnel costs increased $6.3 million for professional services and other revenues compared to the prior year period, mainly from an increase in average headcount and a $2.1 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease in restructuring costs incurred in connection with the headcount reductions announced in January 2023. The increase in cost of professional services and other revenues also included an increase of $0.8 million in allocated

 overhead costs due to growth supporting our business, partially offset by a decrease of $0.3 million in travel-related costs. The decrease in our professional services and other gross margin for fiscal 2024 was primarily due to a decline in realized effective billing and utilization rates in our professional services teams.
 Operating Expenses

 2023
 2024

 Operating expenses:

 $
 127,669
 31.3
 %
 $
 130,547
 27.4
 %

 121,576
 29.8
 117,311
 24.6

 83,477
 20.4
 76,727
 16.1

 Total operating expenses
 332,722
 81.5
 324,585
 68.1

 Loss from operations
 $
 (94,013)
 (23.0)
 %
 $
 (39,512)
 (8.3)
 %

 Sales and Marketing
 Sales and marketing expenses increased $2.9 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, primarily attributable to an increase of $9.5 million in trade name amortization expense as a result of accelerated amortization expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 to fully amortize the remaining trade name intangible asset as a result of the rebranding of the SimpleNexus solution to nCino Mortgage. The increase in sales and marketing expenses also included an increase of $0.8 million in allocated overhead costs. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $4.3 million in personnel costs, mainly from a decrease in average headcount and a decrease in restructuring costs incurred in connection with the headcount reductions announced in January 2023, partially offset by a $2.1 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, compensation increases, and an increase in expatriate tax equalization expenses. Also included in the offset to the increase in sales and marketing expenses was a decrease of $1.3 million in marketing costs, a decrease of $1.2 million in sales-related travel costs, and a decrease of $0.6 million in third-party consulting fees.
 Our sales and marketing headcount decreased by 64 from January 31, 2023 to January 31, 2024 primarily due to attrition and our workforce reduction announced in January 2023. We expect sales and marketing expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 Research and Development
 Research and development expenses decreased $4.3 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, primarily due to a $2.4 million decrease in third party professional fees as a result of reduced contract research and development spend and a decrease of $2.3 million in personnel costs, mainly from a decrease in average headcount and a decrease in restructuring costs incurred in connection with the headcount reductions announced in January 2023, partially offset by a $4.3 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and compensation increases. The decrease in research and development expenses was partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in allocated overhead costs due to growth supporting our continued business expansion.
 Our research and development headcount decreased by 71 from January 31, 2023 to January 31, 2024 primarily due to our workforce reduction announced in January 2023. We expect research and development expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 General and Administrative
 General and administrative expenses decreased $6.8 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, primarily due to a decrease of $3.5 million in third party professional fees, mostly attributable to decreases related to acquisition costs for SimpleNexus and fees and expenses related to other litigation expenses including a dismissed government antitrust investigation and related civil action (the "Antitrust Matters"), partially offset by the proposed settlement agreement for the related civil action of approximately $2.2 million, disclosed in Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and an increase in other professional fees. The decrease in general and administrative spend also included a decrease of $3.4 million in personnel costs for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, mostly attributable to a $1.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, a decrease in average headcount, and a decrease in restructuring costs incurred in connection with the headcount reductions announced in January 2023, partially offset by compensation increases. Also

 included in the decrease in general and administrative expenses was a decrease of $0.5 million in travel-related costs, offset by an increase of $0.5 million in allocated overhead and other general and administrative costs.
 Our general and administrative headcount decreased by 26 from January 31, 2023 to January 31, 2024, primarily due to our workforce reduction announced in January 2023. We expect general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of revenues as we leverage the investments we have made to date.
 Non-Operating Income (Expense)

 2023
 2024

 Interest income
 $
 0.1
 %
 $
 2,567
 0.5
 %

 Interest expense
 (2,807)
 (0.7)
 (4,135)
 (0.9)

 Other expense, net
 (1,356)
 (0.3)
 (856)
 (0.2)

 Interest income increased $2.2 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, due to increase in our accounts earning interest and increased interest rates. Interest expense increased $1.3 million for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, due to borrowing on our revolving credit facility and an increase in our financing obligations for leases for which we are considered the owners for accounting purposes. The decrease of $0.5 million in other expense, net was primarily driven by intercompany loans and transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the underlying functional currency of the applicable entity.
 Income Tax Provision

 2023
 2024

 Income tax provision
 $
 4,071
 1.0
 %
 $
 1,590
 0.3
 %

 Income tax provision was $1.6 million for fiscal 2024 compared to a provision of $4.1 million for fiscal 2023 and resulted in an effective tax rate of (3.8)% compared to (4.2)% in the prior fiscal year.
 See Note 12 "Income Taxes" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details on the components of income tax and a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.
 We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in several jurisdictions, including the U.S. It is determined by management when a valuation allowance should be recorded, utilizing significant judgement and the use of estimates. In fiscal 2024, based on all available positive and negative evidence, having demonstrated sustained profitability and cumulative pre-tax book income for the past three years, which is objective and verifiable, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that our United Kingdom deferred tax assets will be realizable. We released $3.7 million of our valuation allowance in fiscal 2024 and will continue to monitor the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.
 We have adopted, as required, Code Section 174, as amended by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This will result in the repartition of our deferred tax asset balances from net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards to non-tax attribute deferred tax balances. In addition, this may reduce our operating cash flows in future periods through cash remittances of U.S. federal and state income tax. We expect these changes to continue to impact our cash tax liability.
 The Company regularly evaluates and continues to monitor the likelihood of outcomes resulting from legislation changes to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes.
 In 2021, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development introduced its Pillar Two Framework Model Rules ("Pillar 2"), that was supported by over 130 countries worldwide, which is designed to impose a 15% global minimum tax on adjusted financial results. Certain aspects of Pillar 2 took effect on January 1, 2024, while other aspects go into effect on January 1, 2025. While many aspects of the application of Pillar 2 remain to be clarified, the Company does not expect Pillar 2 to impact its tax liability. The company will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.

 Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2022 and 2023
 For a discussion of our results of operations for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, please refer to Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2023.

 Non-GAAP Financial Measure
 In addition to providing financial measurements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), we provide an additional financial metric that is not prepared in accordance with GAAP ("non-GAAP"). Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure helps us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-GAAP financial measure.
 Accordingly, we believe that this financial measure reflects our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business and provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, and enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects. Although the calculation of non-GAAP financial measures may vary from company to company, our detailed presentation may facilitate analysis and comparison of our operating results by management and investors with other peer companies, many of which use a similar non-GAAP financial measure to supplement their GAAP results in their public disclosures. This non-GAAP financial measure is non-GAAP operating income (loss), as discussed below.
 Non-GAAP operating income (loss). Non-GAAP operating income (loss) is defined as loss from operations as reported in our consolidated statements of operations excluding the impact of amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, legal expenses related to certain litigation, and restructuring and related charges. See Note 19 "Restructuring" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on the charges related to the restructuring. Non-GAAP operating income (loss) is widely used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate the profitability of companies. Non-GAAP operating income (loss) eliminates potential differences in performance caused by these items that are not indicative of the Company's ongoing operating performance and hinders comparability with prior and future performance.
 This non-GAAP financial measure does not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations in the use of non-GAAP measures because they do not include all of the expenses that must be included under GAAP and because they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may use other measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-GAAP measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison.

 The following table reconciles non-GAAP operating income (loss) to loss from operations, the most directly comparable financial measure, calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP (in thousands):

 2022
 2023
 2024

 GAAP loss from operations
 $
 (71,357)
 $
 (94,013)
 $
 (39,512)

 Adjustments

 Amortization of intangible assets
 4,907
 28,200
 37,226

 Stock-based compensation expense
 28,477
 50,232
 58,035

 Acquisition-related expenses
 10,006
 2,276

 Litigation expenses1

 10,326
 6,147
 4,525

 Restructuring and related charges2

 —
 5,017

 Total adjustments
 53,716
 91,872
 101,291

 Non-GAAP operating income (loss)
 $
 (17,641)
 $
 (2,141)
 $
 61,779

 1Represents legal expenses related to the Antitrust Matters and a shareholder derivative lawsuit.
 2Stock-based compensation benefit of $0.2 million related to restructuring is included on the stock-based compensation expense line item for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources
 As of January 31, 2024, we had $112.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, and an accumulated deficit of $352.8 million. Our net losses have been driven by our investments in developing the nCino Bank Operating System and scaling our sales and marketing organization and finance and administrative functions to support our rapid growth.
 To date, we have funded our capital needs through issuances of common stock including our initial public offering in July 2020, operating cash flows, and during fiscal 2023, our revolving line of credit. We generally bill and collect from our customers annually in advance. Our billings are subject to seasonality, with billings in the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year substantially higher than in the second and third quarters. Because we recognize revenues ratably, our deferred revenue balance mirrors the seasonality of our billings.
 As of January 31, 2024, the Company had no amounts outstanding, no letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility, was in compliance with all covenants and had borrowing availability of $50.0 million. On March 17, 2024, the Company entered into the Second Amendment for the Credit Facility which, among other things, increased our borrowing availability to $100.0 million. In March 2024, we borrowed $75.0 million under the Credit Facility to fund the acquisition of DocFox. The interest rate at the time of borrowing was 7.36%. Following the acquisition, we had borrowing availability of $25.0 million. See Note 15 "Revolving Credit Facility" and Note 20 "Subsequent Events" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
 We believe that current cash and cash equivalents as well as borrowings available under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts to enhance the nCino Bank Operating System and introduce new applications, market acceptance of our solutions, the continued expansion of our sales and marketing activities, capital expenditure requirements, and any potential future acquisitions. We expect capital expenditures will be appreciably higher in absolute dollars in fiscal 2025 for planned office build-outs, mainly for an international office, compared to prior fiscal years to accommodate our growth, which we estimate to be approximately $8.5 million. We may from time-to-time seek to raise additional capital to support our growth. Any equity financing we may undertake could be dilutive to our existing stockholders, and any debt financing we may undertake could require debt service and financial and operational covenants that could adversely affect our business. There is no assurance we would be able to obtain future financing on acceptable terms or at all.
 nCino K.K.
 In fiscal 2020, we established nCino K.K., a Japanese company in which we own a controlling interest, for purposes of facilitating our entry into the Japanese market. We have consolidated the results of operations and financial condition of nCino K.K. since its inception. Pursuant to an agreement with the holders of the non-controlling interest in nCino

 K.K., beginning in 2027 we may redeem the non-controlling interest, or be required to redeem such interest by the holders thereof, based on a prescribed formula derived from the relative revenues of nCino K.K. and the Company. The balance of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported on our balance sheet below total liabilities but above stockholders' equity at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable non-controlling interest's share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its estimated redemption value. As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, the redeemable non-controlling interest was $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
 As part of our joint venture obligations, we made an additional cash capital contribution of $1.0 million to nCino K.K. during the third quarter of fiscal 2024.
 Cash Flows
 Summary Cash Flow information for fiscal 2022, 2023, and 2024 are set forth below.

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 $
 (19,229)
 $
 (15,381)
 $
 57,285

 Net cash used in investing activities
 (278,488)
 (20,725)
 (6,328)

 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 15,922
 36,712
 (21,113)

 Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
 The $57.3 million provided by operating activities in fiscal 2024 reflects our net loss of $43.5 million and $16.4 million used in changes in working capital accounts, offset by $117.2 million in non-cash charges. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, non-cash operating lease costs, deferred income taxes, provision for bad debt, foreign currency losses related to intercompany loans and transactions, and an unrealized gain on investment. Cash used in working capital accounts was principally a function of a $14.3 million increase in accounts receivable due to the timing of billings and collections from customers, payments of $10.3 million of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts, which consisted primarily of sales commissions, a $6.0 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities which includes payments of approximately $5.0 million for severance and other employee costs associated with the restructuring plan and changing commission payment plans from a quarterly basis to a monthly basis, and a decrease of $4.1 million in operating lease liabilities. The cash used in working capital accounts was partially offset by a $15.9 million increase in deferred revenue, as we expanded our customer base and renewed existing customers, a $1.9 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $0.5 million increase in accounts payable.
 The $15.4 million used in operating activities in fiscal 2023 reflects our net loss of $101.8 million and $14.9 million used in changes in working capital accounts, partially offset by $101.3 million in non-cash charges. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, non-cash operating lease costs, foreign currency losses related to intercompany loans and transactions, deferred income taxes, and provision for bad debt. Cash used in working capital accounts was principally a function of a $26.8 million increase in accounts receivable due to the timing of billings and collections from customers, an increase of $12.2 million of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts, which primarily related to payments for sales commissions as we expanded our customer base, a decrease of $4.8 million in operating lease liabilities, a $3.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $1.2 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The cash used in working capital accounts was partially offset by a $33.5 million increase in deferred revenue, as we expanded our customer base and renewed existing customers.
 Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
 The $6.3 million used in investing activities in fiscal 2024 was comprised of $3.5 million used for the purchase of property and equipment and leasehold improvements to support the expansion of our business, $2.5 million used for the purchase of preferred stock in Rich Data Co, and $0.4 million for the final cash considerations relating to an asset acquisition completed in August 2022. The $20.7 million used in investing activities in fiscal 2023 was comprised of $18.3 million used for the purchase of property and equipment and the completion of leasehold improvements to our additional headquarter building to support the expansion of our business, $2.5 million used for the purchase of preferred stock in Zest AI, and $0.6 million for

 an asset acquisition completed in August 2022. The cash used in investing activities was partially offset by $0.7 million received for a net working capital adjustment from our SimpleNexus acquisition.
 Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
 The $21.1 million used in financing activities in fiscal 2024 was comprised principally of payments of $30.0 million on the Credit Facility and principal payments of $1.2 million on financing obligations. The cash used in financing activities was partially offset by $4.7 million of proceeds from stock issuances under the employee stock purchase plan, $4.5 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, and $1.0 million in proceeds from the non-controlling interest in our Japan joint venture. The $36.7 million provided by financing activities in fiscal 2023 was comprised principally of $50.0 million of proceeds from borrowings on the Credit Facility to expand our liquidity, $4.5 million in proceeds from stock issuances under the employee stock purchase plan, and $3.8 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options. The cash provided by financing activities was partially reduced by payments of $20.0 million on the Credit Facility, principal payments of $1.1 million on the financing obligations, and payments of debt issuance costs of $0.4 million.

 Contractual Obligations and Commitments
 Our estimated future obligations principally consist of leases related to our facilities, purchase obligations related primarily to licenses and hosting services, financing obligations for leases for which we are considered the owners for accounting purposes, and the Credit Facility. See Note 14 "Leases," Note 15 "Revolving Credit Facility," and Note 16 "Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be significant.
 We believe that the following accounting policies involve a high degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations. See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a description of our other significant accounting policies. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in those financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.
 Revenue Recognition
 We derive our revenues from subscriptions and professional services. We recognize revenues when a contract exists between the Company and a customer and upon transfer of control of promised products or services to such customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of subscriptions and professional services, which may be capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations, or in the case of offerings such as subscriptions, services and support, accounted for as a single performance obligation. Revenues are recognized net of allowances and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
 We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:
 • Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
 • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
 • Determination of the transaction price;

 • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 • Recognition of revenues when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
 Subscription Revenues
 Subscription revenues primarily consist of fees for providing customers access to our solutions, with routine customer support and maintenance related to email and phone support, bug fixes, and unspecified software updates and upgrades released when and if available during the maintenance term. Revenues are generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer, which we believe best reflects the manner in which our customers utilize our subscription offerings. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time and, as a result, are accounted for as a service contract. Generally, our subscription contracts for the nCino Bank Operating System are three years or longer in length, billed annually in advance, are non-cancelable, and do not contain refund-type provisions. Subscription contracts for nCino Mortgage typically range from one to three years and are generally billed monthly in advance. Subscription arrangements for the nCino Bank Operating System that are cancelable generally have penalty clauses.
 Professional Services and Other Revenues
 Professional services and other revenues primarily consist of fees for deployment, configuration, and optimization services, as well as training. The majority of our professional services contracts revenues are recognized over time based on a proportional performance methodology which utilizes input methods. Professional services contracts are billed on a time and materials or fixed fee basis.
 Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
 Most of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP") basis. We determine SSP by considering its overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include our discounting practices, the size and volume of our transactions, the customer demographic, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists, our go-to-market strategy, historical sales, and contract prices. As our go-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.
 Given the variability of pricing, we use a range of SSP. We determine the SSP range using information that may include market conditions or other observable inputs. We typically have more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of products and services by customer size.
 Remaining performance obligations ("RPOs") represent contracted revenues that have not yet been recognized, including deferred revenue and unbilled amounts that we expect will be recognized as revenues in future periods. Our reported RPO balance is influenced by several factors, including the timing of renewals, average contract terms, and foreign currency exchange rates. Because we often enter into large, multi-year contracts and the timing of renewal of these contracts varies by customer, our reported RPOs may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and we do not believe this measure is a useful gauge of our future performance. For these reasons, we do not use RPOs as a tool for managing our business.
 Business Combinations
 We use our best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The estimates of fair value require management to make estimates of, among other things, future expected cash flows, obsolescence life and factor, and discount rates. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets have different lives.

 Income Taxes
 Accrued income taxes are reported as a component of either accounts receivable or other accrued liabilities, as appropriate, in our consolidated balance sheets and reflect our estimate of income taxes to be paid or received.
 Deferred income taxes represent the amount of future income taxes to be paid or refunded and are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. We recognize deferred tax assets for temporary deductible differences and deferred tax liabilities for temporary taxable differences. Deferred tax assets are also recorded for any tax attributes, such as net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.
 A valuation allowance is provided against a deferred tax asset when we determine that it is more likely than not that all, or a portion of, the balance will not be realized. This requires management to utilize significant judgement and the use of estimates. Any realization of the Company's deferred tax assets is based upon the evaluation of four sources of taxable income, the future reversals of taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in prior carryback years, and tax-planning strategies. At January 31, 2024, we determined that it is more likely than not that the majority of our deferred tax assets will not be realized and as such, recorded a valuation allowance of $148.3 million against our deferred tax assets of $201.9 million as of that date.
 The Company is subject to income tax in the U.S., multiple state and local jurisdictions and various foreign countries. The tax laws and regulations in each jurisdiction may be interpreted differently in certain situations, which could result in differing financial results. The Company is required to exercise judgement regarding the application of these tax laws and regulations. Through this judgement process, the Company will evaluate and recognize any tax liabilities related to any income tax uncertainties. Due to the complexity of any uncertainty, the ultimate resolution may result in a remittance that is different from the current estimate of any tax liabilities.
 Change in Accounting Estimate
 See Note 8 "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a change in estimate related to the useful life of the SimpleNexus trade name during the third quarter of fiscal 2024.

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, if applicable.

 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
 Interest Rate Risk
 At January 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $117.4 million, which consisted primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. However, our historical interest income has not fluctuated significantly. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have had a material impact on our financial results included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure.
 On February 11, 2022, we entered into a senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $50.0 million. Borrowings bear interest, at the Company's option, at: (i) a base rate equal to the greater of (a) the lender's "prime rate", (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) the Bloomberg Short Term Bank Yield Index ("BSBY") rate plus 1.00%, plus a margin of 0.00% (provided that the base rate shall not be less than 0.00%); or (ii) the BSBY rate (provided that the BSBY shall not be less than 0.00%), plus a margin of 1.00%. As a result, we are exposed to increased interest rate risk as we make draws. At January 31, 2024, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would

 not have had a material impact on our financial results included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 15 "Revolving Credit Facility" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
 Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
 Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of each of our subsidiaries is its local currency. The assets and liabilities of each of our subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the relevant period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. Decreases in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies may negatively affect revenues and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accounted for as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. Gains or losses due to transactions in foreign currencies are included in non-operating income (expense), other in our consolidated statements of operations. Furthermore, our customers outside of the U.S. typically pay us in local currency. We have not engaged in hedging of foreign currency transactions to date, although we may choose to do so in the future. We do not believe that an immediate 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on operating results or financial condition.
 At January 31, 2024, based on the balances of our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash denominated in foreign currencies, a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in foreign currency exchange rates would have had an impact of approximately $6.2 million on our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 31, 2024.

 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 Page

 Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of nCino, Inc.
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of nCino, Inc. (the Company) as of January 31, 2023 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at January 31, 2023 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 Basis for Opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matter
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Revenue Recognition

 Description of the Matter
 As discussed in Note 2, the Company derives revenues primarily from subscription services and professional services. Revenues are recognized when a contract exists between the Company and a customer and upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company assesses terms and conditions associated with contracts that can include various combinations of subscription and professional services, which may be capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations, or in the case of offerings such as subscription services and support, accounted for as a single performance obligation. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis.

 The audit effort in evaluating the Company's accounting for revenue recognition was extensive and required auditor judgment for certain customer contracts to evaluate the terms and conditions, identify distinct performance obligations and support the allocation of transaction price.

 How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

 We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company's revenue recognition processes, including controls designed to mitigate the risk of override of controls. This included testing controls over management's review of customer contracts and review of manual revenue journal entries.

 To test the Company's accounting for revenue recognition, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, selecting a sample of revenue transactions to test for occurrence and to evaluate contract terms and conditions for accounting in accordance with ASC 606. This testing included reperforming the Company's assessment of the distinct performance obligations within the arrangement, determination of the allocation of transaction price to the respective performance obligations, as well as testing the application of the revenue recognition requirements including reperforming the calculations of revenue recognized and testing the underlying data used in the calculations. We also assessed the appropriateness of the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.
 Raleigh, North Carolina

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of nCino, Inc.
 Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 We have audited nCino, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, nCino, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.
 We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2024, and the related notes and our report dated March 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
 Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 Raleigh, North Carolina

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 (In thousands, except share and per share data)

 January 31, 2023
 January 31, 2024

 Assets

 Current assets

 Cash and cash equivalents (VIE: $ 2,019 and $ 2,277 at January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, respectively)

 $
 82,036
 $
 112,085

 Accounts receivable, less allowances of $ 899 and $ 1,451 at January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, respectively

 99,497
 112,975

 Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, current portion, net
 9,386
 10,544

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 16,274
 15,171

 Total current assets
 207,193
 250,775

 Property and equipment, net
 84,442
 79,145

 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
 10,508
 19,261

 Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, noncurrent, net
 18,229
 17,425

 Goodwill
 839,440
 838,869

 Intangible assets, net
 152,825
 115,572

 Investments (related party $ 2,500 at January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024)

 6,531
 9,294

 Long-term prepaid expenses and other assets
 8,101
 10,089

 Total assets
 $
 1,327,269
 $
 1,340,430

 Liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders' equity

 Current liabilities

 Accounts payable
 $
 11,878
 $
 11,842

 Accrued compensation and benefits
 22,623
 16,283

 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 10,897
 10,847

 Deferred revenue
 154,871
 170,941

 Financing obligations, current portion
 1,015
 1,474

 Operating lease liabilities, current portion
 3,874
 3,649

 Total current liabilities
 205,158
 215,036

 Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent
 7,282
 16,423

 Deferred income taxes, noncurrent
 2,797
 3,687

 Revolving credit facility, noncurrent
 30,000
 —

 Financing obligations, noncurrent
 54,365
 52,680

 Total liabilities
 299,602
 287,826

 Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)

 Redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3)

 3,589
 3,428

 Stockholders' equity

 Preferred stock, $ 0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, and none issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024

 —
 —

 Common stock, $ 0.0005 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024; 111,424,132 and 113,684,299 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, respectively

 Additional paid-in capital
 1,333,669
 1,400,881

 Accumulated other comprehensive income

 Accumulated deficit
 ( 310,341)
 ( 352,758)

 Total stockholders' equity
 1,024,078
 1,049,176

 Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders' equity
 $
 1,327,269
 $
 1,340,430

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 (In thousands, except share and per share data)

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Revenues

 Subscription
 $
 224,854
 $
 344,752
 $
 409,479

 Professional services and other
 49,011
 63,563
 67,064

 Total revenues
 273,865
 408,315
 476,543

 Cost of revenues

 Subscription (related party $ 41,404, $ 0, and $ 0, respectively)1

 64,508
 106,265
 120,861

 Professional services and other
 46,905
 63,341
 70,609

 Total cost of revenues
 111,413
 169,606
 191,470

 Gross profit
 162,452
 238,709
 285,073

 Operating expenses

 82,901
 127,669
 130,547

 79,363
 121,576
 117,311

 71,545
 83,477
 76,727

 Total operating expenses
 233,809
 332,722
 324,585

 Loss from operations
 ( 71,357)
 ( 94,013)
 ( 39,512)

 Non-operating income (expense)

 Interest income
 2,567

 Interest expense
 ( 1,514)
 ( 2,807)
 ( 4,135)

 Other expense, net
 ( 1,277)
 ( 1,356)
 ( 856)

 Loss before income taxes
 ( 73,954)
 ( 97,773)
 ( 41,936)

 Income tax provision (benefit)
 ( 23,833)
 4,071
 1,590

 ( 50,121)
 ( 101,844)
 ( 43,526)

 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3)

 ( 1,569)
 ( 1,119)
 ( 1,109)

 Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3)

 1,995
 ( 71)

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 ( 49,446)
 $
 ( 102,720)
 $
 ( 42,346)

 Net loss per share attributable to nCino, Inc.:

 Basic and diluted
 $
 ( 0.51)
 $
 ( 0.93)
 $
 ( 0.38)

 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

 Basic and diluted
 96,722,464
 110,615,734
 112,672,397

 1 See Note 9 "Reseller Agreement" and Note 17 "Related-Party Transactions."
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 (In thousands)

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 ( 50,121)
 $
 ( 101,844)
 $
 ( 43,526)

 Other comprehensive income (loss):

 Foreign currency translation
 ( 568)

 Other comprehensive income (loss)
 ( 568)

 Comprehensive loss
 ( 50,689)
 ( 101,272)
 ( 43,211)

 Less comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest:

 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 ( 1,569)
 ( 1,119)
 ( 1,109)

 Foreign currency translation attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 ( 256)
 ( 194)

 Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 ( 1,825)
 ( 1,313)
 ( 1,096)

 Comprehensive loss attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 ( 48,864)
 $
 ( 99,959)
 $
 ( 42,115)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 (In thousands, except share data)

 Common Stock
 Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 Accumulated
Deficit
 Total

 Shares

 Balance, January 31, 2021
 93,643,759
 $
 $
 585,956
 $
 $
 ( 161,064)
 $
 425,179

 Stock issuance related to business combinations, net of issuance costs of $ 210

 12,762,146
 647,292
 —
 —
 647,299

 Exercise of stock options
 2,758,904
 13,906
 —
 —
 13,907

 Stock issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units
 559,191
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Stock issuance under the employee stock purchase plan
 54,542
 —
 2,543
 —
 —
 2,543

 —
 —
 28,455
 —
 —
 28,455

 Other comprehensive loss
 —
 —
 —
 ( 312)
 —
 ( 312)

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc., including adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest
 —
 —
 ( 894)
 ( 48,552)
 ( 49,446)

 Balance, January 31, 2022
 109,778,542
 1,277,258
 ( 72)
 ( 209,616)
 1,067,625

 Exercise of stock options
 579,662
 3,749
 —
 —
 3,750

 Stock issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units
 883,561
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Stock issuance under the employee stock purchase plan
 182,367
 —
 4,450
 —
 —
 4,450

 —
 —
 50,207
 —
 —
 50,207

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc., including adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest
 —
 —
 ( 1,995)
 —
 ( 100,725)
 ( 102,720)

 Balance, January 31, 2023
 111,424,132
 1,333,669
 ( 310,341)
 1,024,078

 Exercise of stock options
 785,794
 4,468
 —
 —
 4,469

 Stock issuance upon vesting of restricted stock units
 1,277,625
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Stock issuance under the employee stock purchase plan
 196,748
 —
 4,661
 —
 —
 4,661

 —
 —
 58,012
 —
 —
 58,012

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc., including adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest
 —
 —
 —
 ( 42,417)
 ( 42,346)

 Balance, January 31, 2024
 113,684,299
 $
 $
 1,400,881
 $
 $
 ( 352,758)
 $
 1,049,176

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 (In thousands)

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Cash flows from operating activities

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 ( 49,446)
 $
 ( 102,720)
 $
 ( 42,346)

 Net loss and adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
 ( 675)
 ( 1,180)

 ( 50,121)
 ( 101,844)
 ( 43,526)

 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization
 10,006
 34,652
 45,264

 Non-cash operating lease costs
 2,534
 3,840
 4,534

 Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts
 5,779
 8,459
 9,934

 Amortization of debt issuance costs
 —

 28,477
 50,232
 58,035

 Deferred income taxes
 ( 24,280)
 1,627
 ( 2,340)

 Provision for bad debt
 1,081

 Net foreign currency losses
 1,860
 1,548

 Unrealized gain on investment
 —
 —
 ( 263)

 Loss on disposal of long-lived assets
 —
 —

 Change in operating assets and liabilities:

 Accounts receivable
 ( 13,507)
 ( 26,795)
 ( 14,325)

 Costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts
 ( 11,045)
 ( 12,235)
 ( 10,348)

 Prepaid expenses and other assets
 ( 2,503)
 ( 3,433)
 1,872

 Accounts payable
 8,796

 Accounts payable, related parties
 ( 4,363)
 —
 —

 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 7,311
 ( 1,210)
 ( 5,981)

 Deferred revenue
 24,317
 33,527
 15,902

 Operating lease liabilities
 ( 2,580)
 ( 4,767)
 ( 4,083)

 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 ( 19,229)
 ( 15,381)
 57,285

 Cash flows from investing activities

 Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
 ( 268,994)
 —

 Acquisition of assets
 —
 ( 563)
 ( 356)

 Purchases of property and equipment
 ( 5,463)
 ( 18,338)
 ( 3,515)

 Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
 —
 —

 Purchase of investments (related party $ 0, $ 2,500, and $ 0, respectively)

 ( 4,031)
 ( 2,500)
 ( 2,500)

 Net cash used in investing activities
 ( 278,488)
 ( 20,725)
 ( 6,328)

 Cash flows from financing activities

 Investment from redeemable non-controlling interest
 —
 —

 Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit facility
 —
 50,000
 —

 Payments on revolving credit facility
 —
 ( 20,000)
 ( 30,000)

 Payments of debt issuance costs
 —
 ( 367)
 —

 Stock issuance costs
 ( 210)
 —
 —

 Exercise of stock options
 13,907
 3,750
 4,469

 Stock issuance under the employee stock purchase plan
 2,543
 4,450
 4,661

 Principal payments on financing obligations
 ( 318)
 ( 1,121)
 ( 1,226)

 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 15,922
 36,712
 ( 21,113)

 Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
 ( 1,231)
 ( 1,587)

 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
 ( 283,026)
 ( 981)
 30,026

 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period
 371,425
 88,399
 87,418

 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period
 $
 88,399
 $
 87,418
 $
 117,444

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
 (In thousands)

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period:

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 88,014
 $
 82,036
 $
 112,085

 Restricted cash included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets
 5,382
 5,359

 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period
 $
 88,399
 $
 87,418
 $
 117,444

 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

 Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds
 $
 1,003
 $
 $
 3,165

 Cash paid for interest
 $
 1,514
 $
 2,617
 $
 4,315

 Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities

 Purchase of property and equipment, accrued but not paid
 $
 11,225
 $
 $

 Building-leased facility acquired through financing obligation
 $
 18,154
 $
 22,402
 $
 —

 Fair value of common stock issued as consideration for business acquisition
 $
 647,509
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Accrued purchase price related to acquisitions
 $
 $
 $
 —

 Measurement period adjustment relating to business acquisition
 $
 —
 $
 1,285
 $
 —

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Note 1. Organization and Description of Business
 Organization: On November 16, 2021, nCino, Inc. (now nCino OpCo, Inc., "nCino OpCo") entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Penny HoldCo, Inc. (now nCino, Inc., "nCino, Inc."), a Delaware corporation incorporated on November 12, 2021 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of nCino OpCo, and certain other parties. On January 7, 2022, in connection with the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Penny HoldCo, Inc. changed its name to nCino, Inc. and nCino, Inc. changed its name to nCino OpCo, Inc. and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of nCino, Inc.
 nCino OpCo was initially organized as a North Carolina limited liability company named BANKR, LLC on December 13, 2011. On April 3, 2012, BANKR, LLC was renamed nCino, LLC which was reincorporated as nCino, Inc. (now nCino OpCo) in the State of Delaware on December 18, 2013.
 Merger: On January 7, 2022, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, nCino, Inc. and nCino OpCo completed a series of mergers in which nCino, Inc. became the parent of nCino OpCo and SimpleNexus, LLC ("SimpleNexus"). Each share of nCino OpCo common stock, par value $ 0.0005 per share issued and outstanding was converted into one fully paid and nonassessable share of nCino, Inc. common stock, par value $ 0.0005. nCino, Inc. became the successor issuer and reporting company to nCino OpCo pursuant to Rule 12g-3(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. On January 10, 2022, shares of nCino OpCo were suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and shares of nCino, Inc. commenced using nCino OpCo's trading history under the ticker symbol "NCNO".
 See Note 7 "Business Combinations" for additional information regarding the SimpleNexus acquisition. On
 September 8, 2023, SimpleNexus began operating as SimpleNexus, LLC d/b/a nCino Mortgage, LLC ("nCino Mortgage").
 Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to "we," "us," "our," "nCino," and the "Company" refer to nCino, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries after the Merger Agreement and to nCino OpCo, Inc. (formerly known as nCino, Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries before the Merger Agreement.
 Description of Business: The Company is a software-as-a-service ("SaaS") company that provides software applications to financial institutions to streamline employee and client interactions. The Company is headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina and has various locations in the U.S., North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.
 Fiscal Year End: The Company's fiscal year ends on January 31.

 Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). The consolidated financial statements include accounts of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as a variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
 The Company is subject to the normal risks associated with technology companies that have not demonstrated sustainable income from operations, including product development, the risk of customer acceptance and market penetration of its products and services and, ultimately, the need to attain profitability to generate positive cash resources.
 Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by the Company's management are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition including determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, variable consideration, and stand-alone selling price; the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts; fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations; the useful lives of intangible assets; income taxes and the related valuation allowance on deferred tax assets; redemption value of redeemable non-controlling

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 interest; and stock-based compensation. The Company assesses these estimates on a regular basis using historical experience and other factors. Actual results could differ from these estimates. See Note 8 "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for a change in estimate of the useful life of the SimpleNexus trade name.
 Operating Segments: The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, which is the Company's chief executive officer, in deciding how to make operating decisions, allocate resources, and assess performance. The Company's chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance at the consolidated level.
 Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers: The Company's financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. The Company's cash and cash equivalents exceeded federally insured limits at January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash with high-credit-quality financial institutions.
 As of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, no individual customer represented more than 10 % of accounts receivable. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, no individual customer represented more than 10% of the Company's total revenues.
 Revenue Recognition: The Company derives revenues primarily from subscription services and professional services. Revenues are recognized when a contract exists between the Company and a customer and upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of subscription and professional services, which may be capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations, or in the case of offerings such as subscription services and support, accounted for as a single performance obligation. Revenues are recognized net of allowances and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
 The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:
 • Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
 • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
 • Determination of the transaction price;
 • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 • Recognition of revenues when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
 Subscription Revenues
 Subscription revenues primarily consist of fees for providing customers access to the Company's solutions, with routine customer support and maintenance related to email and phone support, bug fixes, and unspecified software updates, and upgrades released when and if available during the maintenance term. Revenues are generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company's service is made available to the customer, which the Company believes best reflects the manner in which the Company's customers utilize the Company's subscription offerings. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the Company's solutions at any time and, as a result, are accounted for as a service contract. Generally, the Company's subscription contracts are three years or longer in length, billed annually in advance, are non-cancelable, and do not contain refund-type provisions. nCino Mortgage contracts typically range from one to three years and are generally billed monthly in advance. Subscription arrangements that are cancelable generally have penalty clauses.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Professional Services and Other Revenues
 Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for deployment, configuration, and optimization services, as well as training. The majority of the Company's professional services contract revenues are recognized over time based on a proportional performance methodology which utilizes input methods. The Company's professional services contracts are billed on a time and materials or fixed fee basis.
 Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
 Most of the Company's contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP") basis. The Company determines SSP by considering its overall pricing objectives and market conditions. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include the Company's discounting practices, the size and volume of the Company's transactions, the customer demographic, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists, the Company's go-to-market strategy, historical sales, and contract prices. As the Company's go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.
 Given the variability of pricing, the Company uses a range of SSP. The Company determines the SSP range using information that may include market conditions or other observable inputs. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of products and services by customer size.
 Costs Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts
 The Company capitalizes incremental costs of obtaining a non-cancelable subscription and support revenue contract if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The capitalized amounts are subsequently amortized over the estimated life of the contract. Capitalized amounts consist primarily of sales commissions paid to the Company's direct sales force. Capitalized amounts also include (1) amounts paid to employees other than the direct sales force who earn incentive payouts under annual compensation plans that are tied to the value of contracts acquired and (2) the associated payroll taxes and fringe benefit costs associated with the payments to these employees. Capitalized costs related to new revenue contracts are amortized on a straight-line basis over four to five years, which, although longer than the typical initial contract period, reflects the average period of benefit, including expected contract renewals. In arriving at this average period of benefit, the Company evaluated both qualitative and quantitative factors which included the estimated life cycles of its offerings and its customer attrition. The capitalized amounts are recoverable through future revenue streams under all non-cancelable customer contracts. The Company periodically evaluates whether there have been any changes in its business, the market conditions in which it operates, or other events which would indicate that its amortization period should be changed or if there are potential indicators of impairment. Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
 Judgments
 Contracts with customers may include multiple services requiring allocation of the transaction price across the different performance obligations.
 Standalone selling price is established by maximizing the amount of observable inputs, primarily actual historical selling prices for performance obligations where available and includes consideration of factors such as go-to-market model and customer size. Where standalone selling price may not be observable (e.g., the performance obligation is not sold separately), the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs by using information that may include reviewing pricing practices, performance obligations with similar customers, and selling models.
 Capitalized costs to obtain a contract are amortized over the expected period of benefit, which the Company has determined, based on analysis, to be approximately four to five years. The Company evaluated qualitative and quantitative factors to determine the period of amortization, including contract length, renewals, customer life, and the useful lives of our products and acquired products. When the expected period of benefit of an asset which would be capitalized is less than one

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 year, the Company expenses the amount as incurred, utilizing the practical expedient. The Company regularly evaluates whether there have been changes in the underlying assumptions and data used to determine the amortization period.
 At times, the Company provides credits or incentives to its customers. Known and estimable credits and incentives represent a form of variable consideration, which are determined at contract inception and reduce the revenues recognized for a particular contract. At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews and updates its estimates as additional information becomes available. The Company believes that there will not be significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration as of January 31, 2024.
 The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis) with respect to vendor reseller agreements pursuant to which the Company resells certain third-party solutions along with the Company's solutions. Generally, the Company reports revenues from these types of contracts on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Company is the principal, it first obtains control of the inputs to the specific good or service and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company's control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the good or service on its platform before it is transferred to its customers and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to its customers and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing. Revenues provided from agreements in which the Company is an agent are immaterial to these consolidated financial statements.
 Deferred Revenue: Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription services, including non-cancellable and non-refundable committed funds and deposits. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue recognition criteria has been met. Customers are typically invoiced for these agreements in advance of regular annual installments and revenues are recognized ratably over the contractual subscription period. The deferred revenue balance is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing, size, and new business linearity. Deferred revenue does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year non-cancellable subscription agreements. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as deferred revenue, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded as deferred revenue, net of current portion on the consolidated balance sheets.
 Payment terms vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 45 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing services, such as invoicing at the beginning of a subscription term with revenues recognized ratably over the contract period, and not to provide financing to customers. Any implied financing costs are considered insignificant in the context of the Company's contracts.
 Cash and Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value.
 Restricted Cash: Restricted cash primarily consists of a minimum cash balance the Company maintains with a lender under the Company's revolving credit facility. The remaining restricted cash consists of deposits held as collateral for the Company's bank guarantees issued in place of security deposits for certain property leases and credit cards. Restricted cash is included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets at January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024 on the consolidated balance sheets.
 Accounts Receivable and Allowances: A receivable is recorded when an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment exists, such that only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Certain performance obligations may require payment before delivery of the service to the customer. The Company recognizes a contract asset in the form of accounts receivable when the Company has an unconditional right to payment, and the Company records a contract asset in the form of unbilled accounts receivable when revenues earned on a contract exceeds the billings. The Company's standard billing terms are annual in advance, while nCino Mortgage's standard billing terms are monthly in advance. An unbilled accounts receivable is a contract asset related to the delivery of the Company's subscription services and professional services for which the related billings will occur in a future period. Unbilled accounts receivable consists of (i) revenues recognized for professional services performed but not yet billed and (ii) revenues recognized from non-cancelable, multi-year orders in which fees increase

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 annually but for which the Company is not contractually able to invoice until a future period. Accounts receivable are reported at their gross outstanding balance reduced by an allowance for estimated receivable losses, which includes allowances for doubtful accounts and a reserve for expected credit losses.
 The Company records allowances for doubtful accounts based upon the credit worthiness of customers, historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable, current market and economic conditions, and supportable forecasts about the future. Relevant risk characteristics include customer size and historical loss patterns. This estimate is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary. The Company records the allowance against bad debt expense through the consolidated statements of operations, included in general and administrative expenses, up to the amount of revenues recognized to date. Any incremental allowance is recorded as an offset to deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. Receivables are written off and charged against the recorded allowance when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success.
 A summary of activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts and reserve for expected credit losses is as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Charged to bad debt expense
 1,081

 Charged to deferred revenue
 —
 —

 Write-offs and other
 ( 24)
 ( 55)
 ( 1,275)

 Translation adjustments
 ( 3)
 ( 3)
 ( 1)

 Balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $
 1,451

 Leases: The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception date based on whether there is an identified asset and whether the Company controls the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. The Company determines the classification of the lease, whether operating or financing, at the lease commencement date, which is the date the leased assets are made available for use. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for its facilities and equipment leases. The Company did not have any finance leases as of January 31, 2023 or January 31, 2024.
 Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term reflects the non-cancelable period of the lease together with options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise such option. Variable costs, such as common area maintenance costs, are not included in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities, but are expensed as incurred. The Company's leases do not generally provide an implicit rate; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the lease payments. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 The Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Lease expense for such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and commences once the asset is placed in service or is ready for its intended use. The estimated useful lives by asset classification are generally as follows:

 Asset Classification
 Estimated Useful Life

 Furniture and fixtures
 3 - 7 years

 Computers and equipment
 3 years

 Buildings
 40 years

 Leasehold improvements
 Shorter of remaining life of the lease term or estimated useful life

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such retirement is reflected in operating expenses.
 Financing Obligations: The Company records assets and liabilities for lease arrangements where the Company has continued involvement due to purchase options and is deemed to be the owner for accounting purposes.
 Intangible Assets: Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Each period, the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful life of its intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization.
 Impairment Assessment: The Company evaluates intangible assets and long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. This includes but is not limited to significant adverse changes in business climate, market conditions, or other events that indicate an asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. There were no material impairments of intangible assets or long-lived assets during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024.
 Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather the carrying amounts of these assets are assessed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on November 1, the first day of the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, or more frequently if circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred between annual impairment tests. The Company has one reporting unit, therefore the Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at the entity level. To perform its impairment testing, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The qualitative factors we consider include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, company-specific events, changes in circumstances, and our share price. If the qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit, then we do not consider the assigned goodwill to be impaired. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company is less than the carrying amount, a quantitative assessment is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform the quantitative assessment. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. There is no goodwill impairment for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024.
 Variable Interest Entity: The Company holds an interest in a Japanese company ("nCino K.K.") that is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE"). nCino K.K. is considered a VIE as it has insufficient equity capital to finance its activities without additional financial support. The Company is the primary beneficiary of nCino K.K. as it has the power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of nCino K.K. and has the obligation to absorb expected losses and the right to receive expected benefits that could be significant to nCino K.K., in accordance with accounting guidance. As a result, the Company consolidated nCino K.K. and all significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The Company will continue to assess whether it has a controlling financial interest and whether it is the primary beneficiary at each reporting period. Other than the Company's equity investments, the Company has not provided financial or other support to nCino K.K. that it was not contractually obligated to provide. The assets of the VIE can only be used to settle the obligations of the VIE and the creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the Company. The assets and liabilities of the VIE were not significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements except for cash which is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 3 "Variable Interest Entity and Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest" for additional information regarding the Company's variable interest.
 Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest: Redeemable non-controlling interest relates to minority investors of nCino K.K. An agreement with the minority investors of nCino K.K. contains redemption features whereby the interest held by the minority investors are redeemable either at the option of the (i) minority investors or (ii) the Company, both beginning on the eighth anniversary of the initial capital contribution. If the interest of the minority investors were to be redeemed under this

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 agreement, the Company would be required to redeem the interest based on a prescribed formula derived from the relative revenues of nCino K.K. and the Company. The balance of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable non-controlling interest's share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its estimated redemption value. The resulting changes in the estimated redemption amount (increases or decreases) are recorded with corresponding adjustments against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in-capital. These interests are presented on the consolidated balance sheets outside of equity under the caption "Redeemable non-controlling interest."
 Business Combinations: Several valuation methods may be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company's estimates are inherently uncertain and may be subject to refinement due to unanticipated events and circumstances. For intangible assets, the Company typically uses income-based methods of valuation (for example, the multi-period excess earnings method is used to estimate the fair value estimate of customer relationships and the relief from royalty method is used in the fair value estimate of developed technologies). These methods typically start with a forecast of all of the expected future net cash flows for each asset. These cash flows are then adjusted to present value by applying an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in these methods are forecasted revenues, obsolescence life and factor, customer attrition rate, and the discount rate among other assumptions.
 Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially recorded in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company's preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
 For acquisitions involving additional consideration to be transferred to the selling parties in the event certain future events occur or conditions are met ("contingent consideration"), the Company recognizes the acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration as part of the consideration transferred in exchange for the business combination. Contingent consideration meeting the criteria to be classified as equity in the consolidated balance sheets is not remeasured, and its subsequent settlement is recorded within stockholders' equity. Contingent consideration classified as a liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved, with any changes in fair value recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
 Investments: The Company's investments are non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value and for which the Company does not have control or significant influence. The investments are measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairment as permitted by the measurement alternative. The Company assesses at each reporting period if the investments continue to qualify for the measurement alternative. Gains or losses resulting from observable price changes are recognized currently in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The Company assesses the investments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investments may not be recoverable.
 Debt Issuance Costs: Debt issuance costs are initially deferred and amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the debt. The Company uses the straight-line basis as it approximates the amounts calculated under the effective-interest method. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the secured revolving credit facility are considered long-term and are included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
 Cost of Revenues: Cost of subscription and support revenues consists of costs related to hosting the Company's software solutions and employee-related costs, including stock-based compensation expenses and allocated overhead associated with customer support. Cost of professional services and other revenues consist of employee-related costs associated with these services, including stock-based compensation expenses, and allocated overhead, and the cost of subcontractors. Allocated

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 overhead includes costs such as information technology infrastructure, rent and occupancy charges, along with employee benefit costs, and taxes based upon a percentage of total compensation expense. As such, general overhead expenses are reflected in each cost of revenues and operating expenses category.
 Research and Development: Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation associated with our engineering, product and quality assurance personnel, as well as allocated overhead. Research and development expenses also include the cost of third-party contractors. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
 Advertising: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and consist of advertising, third-party marketing, branded marketing, and conference and event expenses. Advertising expenses are recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and were $ 5.8 million, $ 8.7 million, and $ 7.7 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
 Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes are determined using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also recorded for any tax attributes, such as net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of the changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment within income tax expense. The Company reflects the expected amount of income taxes to be paid or refunded during the year as current income tax expense or benefit, as applicable.
 Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
 The Company follows the accounting standards on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed, or expected to be claimed, on a tax return should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the tax position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the benefit having a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes also addresses de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, and accounting interim periods.
 When and if applicable, potential interest and penalties are accrued as incurred, within income tax provision.
 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reported as a component of stockholders' equity and includes unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation adjustments.
 Foreign Currency: The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency. Adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded as a separate component on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss recorded in foreign currency translation line item. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates.
 Foreign currency transaction gains and losses due to transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and were $( 2.0) million, $( 1.4) million, and $( 1.2) million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, primarily related to various intercompany loans.
 Stock-Based Compensation: As further described in Note 11 "Stock-Based Compensation," the Company records compensation expense associated with stock options and other equity-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The Company establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 share-based payment transactions with employees and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period.
 Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share: Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.
 Diluted loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock, which is comprised of stock options issued and outstanding, nonvested RSUs issued and outstanding, and shares issuable pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") when determining the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. For purposes of the diluted loss per share calculation, basic and diluted loss per share were the same, as the effect of all potentially dilutive securities would have been anti-dilutive.
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted: In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The guidance includes amendments to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 on a retrospective basis, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The guidance includes amendments to enhance existing income tax disclosure requirements, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis with the option to apply the ASU retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 Note 3. Variable Interest Entity and Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest
 In October 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Japan Cloud Computing, L.P. and M30 LLC (collectively, the "Investors") to engage in the investment, organization, management, and operation of nCino K.K. that is focused on the distribution of the Company's products in Japan. In October 2019, the Company initially contributed $ 4.7 million in cash in exchange for 51 % of the outstanding common stock of nCino K.K. As of January 31, 2024, the Company controls a majority of the outstanding common stock in nCino K.K. In October 2023, the Company made a further investment in nCino K.K. of $ 1.0 million that, including additional investments in nCino K.K. of $ 1.0 million by existing third-party investors in October 2023, maintained the Company's ownership of 51 %.
 All of the common stock held by the Investors is callable by the Company or puttable by the Investors at the option of the Investors or at the option of the Company beginning on the eighth anniversary of the agreement with the Investors. Should the call or put option be exercised, the redemption value would be determined based on a prescribed formula derived from the discrete revenues of nCino K.K. and the Company and may be settled, at the Company's discretion, with Company stock or cash or a combination of the foregoing. As a result of the put right available to the Investors, the redeemable non-controlling interests in nCino K.K. are classified outside of permanent equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The estimated redemption value of the call/put option embedded in the redeemable non-controlling interest was $ 3.2 million at January 31, 2024.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The following table summarizes the activity in the redeemable non-controlling interests for the period indicated below:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Balance, beginning of period
 $
 3,791
 $
 2,882
 $
 3,589

 Investment by redeemable non-controlling interest
 —
 —

 Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (excluding adjustment to non-controlling interest)
 ( 1,569)
 ( 1,119)
 ( 1,109)

 Foreign currency translation
 ( 256)
 ( 194)

 Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest
 1,995
 ( 71)

 Stock-based compensation expense1

 Balance, end of period
 $
 2,882
 $
 3,589
 $
 3,428

 1 nCino K.K. stock options granted in accordance with nCino K.K.'s equity incentive plan.

 Note 4. Fair Value Measurements
 Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
 Level 1. Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 Level 2. Significant other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
 Level 3. Significant unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
 The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments.
 The carrying amount of any outstanding borrowings on the Company's revolving credit facility approximates fair value due to the variable interest rates of the borrowings.
 The Company evaluated its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level in which to classify them for each reporting period. The following table summarizes the

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Company's financial assets measured at fair value as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation:

 Fair value measurements on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2023

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Assets:

 Money market accounts (included in cash and cash equivalents)
 $
 17,149
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Time deposits (included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets)
 —
 —

 Total assets
 $
 17,531
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Fair value measurements on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2024

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Assets:

 Money market accounts (included in cash and cash equivalents)
 $
 38,649
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Time deposits (included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets)
 —
 —

 Total assets
 $
 39,008
 $
 —
 $
 —

 All of the Company's money market accounts are classified within Level 1 because the Company's money market accounts are valued using quoted market prices in active exchange markets including identical assets.
 Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
 The Company's assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include the investments accounted for under the measurement alternative. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, the Company recorded an unrealized gain of $ 0.3 million on one of our investments as a result of an observable price change and is recorded in other expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations. No unrealized gain or loss was recognized for the fiscal years ended January 2022 and 2023 and there was no impairment recognized for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024.

 Note 5. Revenues
 Revenues by Geographic Area
 Revenues by geographic region were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 United States
 $
 230,301
 $
 346,494
 $
 387,201

 International
 43,564
 61,821
 89,342

 $
 273,865
 $
 408,315
 $
 476,543

 The Company disaggregates its revenues from contracts with customers by geographic location. Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of the Company's contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, no country outside the United States represented 10% or more of total revenues.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Contract Amounts
 Accounts Receivable
 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts, is as follows as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024:

 2023
 2024

 Trade accounts receivable
 $
 94,729
 $
 106,170

 Unbilled accounts receivable
 4,920
 7,699

 Allowance for doubtful accounts
 ( 899)
 ( 1,451)

 Other accounts receivable1

 Total accounts receivable, net
 $
 99,497
 $
 112,975

 1Includes $ 0.1 million and $ 0.0 million income tax receivable of as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, respectively.
 Deferred Revenue and Remaining Performance Obligations
 Significant movements in the deferred revenue balance during the period consisted of increases due to payments received or due in advance prior to the transfer of control of the underlying performance obligations to the customer, which were offset by decreases due to revenues recognized in the period. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024, $ 154.3 million of revenues were recognized out of the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2023.
 Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenues that have not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenues in future periods. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligation is influenced by several factors, including the timing of renewals, average contract terms, and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company applies practical expedients to exclude amounts related to performance obligations that are billed and recognized as they are delivered, optional purchases that do not represent material rights, and any estimated amounts of variable consideration that are subject to constraint.
 Remaining performance obligations were $ 1.0 billion as of January 31, 2024. The Company expects to recognize approximately 66 % of its remaining performance obligation as revenues in the next 24 months, approximately 28 % more in the following 25 to 48 months, and the remainder thereafter.
 Costs Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts
 During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Company amortized $ 5.8 million, $ 8.5 million, and $ 9.9 million of capitalized contract acquisition costs within sales and marketing expense, respectively. The Company did not incur any impairment losses.
 Capitalized contract acquisition costs were $ 27.6 million and $ 28.0 million as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, of which $ 18.2 million and $ 17.4 million was long-term in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The remaining balance of the capitalized costs to obtain contracts was current.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Note 6. Property and Equipment
 Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 2023
 2024

 Furniture and fixtures
 $
 10,730
 $
 12,066

 Computers and equipment
 8,361
 8,010

 Buildings and land
 56,379
 56,379

 Leasehold improvements
 28,702
 27,712

 Construction in progress

 104,845
 104,337

 Less accumulated depreciation
 ( 20,403)
 ( 25,192)

 $
 84,442
 $
 79,145

 The Company recognized depreciation expense as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 $
 $

 1,095
 1,301
 1,775

 1,182
 1,452
 1,734

 1,842
 2,435
 2,819

 1,143

 Total depreciation expense
 $
 5,099
 $
 6,452
 $
 8,038

 Property and equipment by geographic region were as follows:

 2023
 2024

 United States
 $
 83,594
 $
 78,411

 International

 $
 84,442
 $
 79,145

 Note 7. Business Combinations
 SimpleNexus
 On January 7, 2022 (the "Acquisition Date") through a series of mergers, the Company acquired all outstanding membership interests of SimpleNexus which provides mobile-first homeownership software that spans engagement, origination, closing and business intelligence, headquartered in Lehi, Utah. The Company acquired SimpleNexus for its complementary products and mobile-first offerings and believes this will provide greater value for new and existing customers. The business combination is considered a related party transaction as entities affiliated with Insight Partners ("Insight Partners") were equityholders of SimpleNexus and certain other parties in connection with the series of mergers, and other affiliates of Insight Partners are currently significant stockholders of the Company. The Company has included the financial results of SimpleNexus in the consolidated statements of operations from Acquisition date. The transaction costs associated with the acquisition were approximately $ 10.0 million and were recorded in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. The Company also recognized $ 0.2 million in stock issuance costs associated with the share consideration that were reported as a reduction of additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The fair value of the consideration transferred was $ 933.6 million on the Acquisition Date, subject to a net working capital adjustment. The net working capital adjustment was finalized in July 2022, resulting in a decrease to the purchase price of $ 0.7 million which was recorded to goodwill. The total consideration transferred is as follows:

 Total Consideration

 Cash consideration to members
 $
 286,086

 Voting common stock issued ( 12,762,146 shares)1

 647,509

 Net working capital adjustment
 ( 676)

 Total consideration
 $
 932,919

 1The Company assumed a restricted stock award with an estimated fair value of $ 1.4 million. $ 0.3 million was allocated to the purchase consideration and $ 1.1 million was allocated to future services and was expensed over the service period remaining in fiscal 2023 on a straight-line basis.
 The number of shares for stock consideration was based on a 20 -day volume weighted average price fair value of $ 72.53 established prior to and including November 12, 2021 to determine the number of shares to be issued on the Acquisition Date. On the Acquisition Date, the Company's closing stock price was $ 50.82 per share.
 In addition, the Company issued 927,744 RSUs with an approximate fair value of $ 47.2 million to certain employees of SimpleNexus, which will vest over four years subject to such employees' continued employment. The RSUs will be recorded as stock-based compensation expense post-acquisition as the RSUs vest and has been excluded from the purchase consideration.
 The following table summarizes the final fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition, including measurement period adjustments:

 Fair Value

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 17,038

 Accounts receivable
 6,100

 Property and equipment, net
 1,010

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 3,549

 Other current and noncurrent assets
 4,641

 Intangible assets
 162,000

 Goodwill
 783,195

 Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities, current and noncurrent
 ( 8,284)

 Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent
 ( 8,643)

 Operating lease liabilities, current and noncurrent
 ( 3,487)

 Deferred income taxes
 ( 24,200)

 Net assets acquired
 $
 932,919

 During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, within the one year measurement period, the Company finalized the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition. The Company recorded measurement period adjustments that included a $ 2.0 million adjustment to decrease goodwill for a $ 1.3 million deferred income tax adjustment and a $ 0.7 million net working capital adjustment.
 The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method and, as a result, tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values at the Acquisition Date. Any excess consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recognized as goodwill. The Company determined the acquisition date deferred revenue balance in accordance with Topic 606.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The following table sets forth the components of the fair value of identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives over which the acquired intangible assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis, as this approximates the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are consumed as of the Acquisition Date:

 Fair Value
 Useful Life

 Developed technology
 $
 77,500
 5 years

 Customer relationships
 70,000
 10 years

 Trade name
 14,500
 6 years

 Total intangible assets subject to amortization
 $
 162,000

 Developed technology represents the fair value of SimpleNexus' technology. Customer relationships represent the fair value of the underlying relationships with SimpleNexus' customers. Trade names represents the fair value of SimpleNexus' company name. See Note 8 "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for a change in estimate related to the useful life of the SimpleNexus trade name during the third quarter of fiscal 2024.
 Goodwill is primarily attributable to expanded market opportunities, synergies expected from the acquisition, and assembled workforce and approximately $ 189.2 million is deductible for tax purposes.
 The Company's consolidated statements of operations include the revenues and net loss for SimpleNexus for the period from the Acquisition Date through January 31, 2022, of $ 3.9 million and $ 3.6 million, respectively.

 Note 8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 Goodwill
 The change in the carrying amounts of goodwill was as follows:

 Balance, as of January 31, 2022
 $
 841,487

 Measurement period adjustments relating to the acquisition of SimpleNexus
 ( 1,961)

 Translation adjustments
 ( 86)

 Balance, as of January 31, 2023
 839,440

 Translation adjustments
 ( 571)

 Balance, as of January 31, 2024
 $
 838,869

 Intangible assets
 Intangible assets, net are as follows:

 As of January 31, 2023
 As of January 31, 2024

 Gross
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Carrying
 Gross
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Carrying
 Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (Years)

 Developed technology
 $
 83,605
 $
 ( 21,818)
 $
 61,787
 $
 83,468
 $
 ( 38,010)
 $
 45,458
 3.0

 Customer relationships
 91,710
 ( 13,418)
 78,292
 91,704
 ( 22,085)
 69,619
 8.1

 Trademarks and trade name
 14,626
 ( 2,705)
 11,921
 14,624
 ( 14,624)
 —
 0.0

 Other
 ( 94)
 ( 424)
 1.5

 $
 190,860
 $
 ( 38,035)
 $
 152,825
 $
 190,715
 $
 ( 75,143)
 $
 115,572
 6.1

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The Company recognized amortization expense for intangible assets as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 2,604
 $
 17,019
 $
 16,306

 —

 2,303
 11,087
 20,590

 Total amortization expense
 $
 4,907
 $
 28,200
 $
 37,226

 During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company rebranded the SimpleNexus solution to nCino Mortgage, resulting in a change to the trade name useful life. As a result, the Company recorded accelerated amortization to fully amortize the remaining trade name intangible asset. The effect of this change in estimate for the year ended January 31, 2024 was an increase in sales and marketing amortization expense of $ 9.5 million, which resulted in an increase in loss of operations and net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. of $ 9.5 million, or $ 0.08 per basic and diluted share.
 The expected future amortization expense for intangible assets as of January 31, 2024 is as follows:

 Fiscal Year Ending January 31,

 2025
 $
 24,499

 2026
 24,334

 2027
 23,128

 2028
 8,669

 2029
 8,669

 Thereafter
 26,273

 $
 115,572

 The expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, future changes to expected asset lives of intangible assets, and other events.

 Note 9. Reseller Agreement
 The Company has a reseller agreement in place with a former related party to utilize their platform and to develop the Company's cloud-based banking software as an application within their hosted environment. This agreement was amended during fiscal 2024 extending its term through January 31, 2031, and will automatically renew in annual increments thereafter unless either party gives notice of non-renewal before the end of the initial term or the respective renewal term. Cost of subscription revenues in each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 includes fees paid for access to their platform, including their hosting infrastructure and data center operations. Based solely on information reported in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022 the reseller was no longer considered a related party as of December 31, 2021 and the amounts disclosed related to them are accordingly presented while the reseller was considered a related party. The Company continues to do business with the reseller and transactions after December 31, 2021 are no longer disclosed. The Company has recorded expenses of $ 41.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. See also Note 17 "Related-Party Transactions."

 Note 10. Stockholders' Equity
 A summary of the rights and key provisions affecting each class of the Company's stock as of January 31, 2024, is as follows:
 Preferred Stock: The Board of Directors is authorized to establish one or more series of preferred stock and to fix the number of shares constituting such series and the designation of such series, including the voting powers, preferences,

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 limitations, restrictions, and other special rights thereof. The Company's preferred stock consists of 10,000,000 authorized shares, par value $ 0.001 per share.
 Common stock: The Company's common stock consists of 500,000,000 authorized shares, par value $ 0.0005 per share.
 At January 31, 2024, the Company committed a total of 34,179,706 shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

 Issued and outstanding stock options

 Nonvested issued and outstanding restricted stock units ("RSUs")
 5,626,125

 Possible issuance under stock plans
 27,340,877

 34,179,706

 Note 11. Stock-Based Compensation
 Equity Incentive Plans
 The Company has two equity incentive plans: the nCino, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Stock Ownership and Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") and the 2019 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan" and together with the 2014 Plan, the "Incentive Plans"). Under the 2014 Plan, the Board of Directors had allotted 15,025,666 shares of common stock for incentive options or non-qualified options as of January 31, 2024. Non-qualified options may be granted to Company employees, non-employee directors, and consultants. The exercise price of options is determined by the Board of Directors, but cannot be less than 100 % of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. The options generally vest in one of two ways:
 • In equal annual installments over four years from the grant date.
 • Upon a change in control transaction (with respect to certain Incentive Plan participants).
 All options expire ten years from the grant date and, with respect to certain Incentive Plan participants, provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control of the Company.
 In July 2019, the Company established the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan for the issuance of awards in the form of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards, and other stock-based awards.
 In connection with the Company's initial public offering ("IPO"), the Company's Board of Directors adopted and the Company's stockholders approved the 2019 Plan which amended and restated the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. All awards shall be granted within ten years from the effective date of the 2019 Plan and can only be granted to employees, officers, directors, and consultants and generally vest over four years.
 Under the 2019 Plan, the number of available shares was increased to 15,250,000, plus an annual increase added on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending January 31, 2022, and continuing until, and including, the fiscal year ending January 31, 2031. The annual increase will be equal to the lesser of (i) 5 % of the number of shares issued and outstanding as of January 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) an amount determined by the Company's Board of Directors. The Company ceased granting awards under the 2014 Plan during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, and all shares that remained available for issuance under the 2014 Plan were transferred to the 2019 Plan prior to the closing of the IPO. Additionally, the number of shares available under the 2019 Plan shall be increased by the number of shares outstanding under the 2014 Plan that expire, terminate or are canceled without having been exercised or settled in full. The 2014 Plan governs outstanding awards granted prior to the adoption of the 2019 Plan.
 RSUs vest upon the satisfaction of a time-based condition. RSUs are generally earned over a service period of four years. For RSUs granted to the non-employee members of the Board of Directors, some vest in less than a year, some annually

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 and some over three years. The compensation expense related to these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs and is recognized on a ratable basis over the applicable service period.
 As of January 31, 2024, the Company had stock options outstanding under the 2014 Plan and the 2019 Plan had stock options and RSUs outstanding.
 Stock Options
 Stock option activity for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 was as follows:

 Number of
Shares
 Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
 Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)

 Outstanding, January 31, 2023
 2,009,323
 $
 6.62
 3.84
 $
 44,170

 Granted
 —
 —

 Expired or forfeited
 ( 10,825)
 15.52

 Exercised
 ( 785,794)
 5.69
 19,035

 Outstanding, January 31, 2024
 $
 7.14
 3.21
 $
 29,516

 Exercisable, January 31, 2024
 $
 7.14
 3.21
 $
 29,516

 Fully vested or expected to vest, January 31, 2024
 $
 7.14
 3.21
 $
 29,516

 The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 was $ 176.8 million, $ 16.2 million, and $ 19.0 million, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, which is computed based on the difference between the option exercise price and the estimated fair value of the Company's common stock at the time such option exercises. This intrinsic value changes based on changes in the fair value of the Company's underlying stock.
 Restricted Stock Units
 RSU activity during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024 was as follows:

 Number of
Shares
 Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value

 Nonvested, January 31, 2023
 3,531,387
 $
 44.00

 Granted
 3,639,302
 25.65

 Vested

 ( 1,189,322)
 40.56

 Forfeited
 ( 355,242)
 38.56

 Nonvested, January 31, 2024
 5,626,125
 $
 33.19

 The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs granted during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 was $ 60.99, $ 41.54, and $ 25.65, respectively.
 The total fair value of RSUs vested for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 was $ 12.2 million, $ 39.7 million, and $ 48.2 million, respectively.
 As of January 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested RSUs was $ 141.6 million, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, based on the estimated fair value of the Company's common stock at the time of grant. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.71 years.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 In July 2020, the Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the ESPP, which became effective immediately prior to the closing of the IPO. The ESPP includes two components, one component is intended to qualify as an "employee stock purchase plan" within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") and a component that does not qualify as an "employee stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Code. The ESPP initially reserved and authorized the issuance of up to a total of 1,800,000 shares of common stock to participating employees. The aggregate number of shares of the Company's common stock under the ESPP will automatically increase on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning with the first fiscal year ending January 31, 2022 and continuing until the fiscal year ended January 31, 2031, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1 % of the shares of the Company's common stock issued and outstanding on January 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year, (ii) 1,800,000 shares of the Company's common stock or (iii) an amount determined by the Board of Directors. As of January 31, 2024, 4,514,806 shares of common stock remain available for grant under the ESPP.
 The ESPP permits employees to purchase the Company's common stock through payroll deductions during six month offerings. The offering periods begin each January 1 and July 1, or such other period determined by the compensation committee. Eligible employees will purchase the shares at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) 85 % of the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock on the first business day of such offering period and (ii) 85 % of the fair market value of share of the Company's common stock on the last business day of such offering period, although the compensation committee has discretion to change the purchase price with respect to future offering periods, subject to terms of the ESPP.
 The first offering period for the ESPP began on July 1, 2021 and ended on December 31, 2021. Thereafter, offering periods will begin on January 1 and July 1.
 The fair value of ESPP shares is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on assumptions as follows for ESPP awards:
 Expected life. The expected life reflects the period for which the Company believes the ESPP will remain outstanding. The expected term for the ESPP award approximates the offering period of six months.
 Expected volatility. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock.
 Expected dividends. The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company has not and does not expect to pay dividends.
 Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free interest rate reflects the U.S. Treasury yield for a similar expected life instrument in effect at the time of the grant of the ESPP share.
 The assumptions utilized for the ESPP shares for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Expected life (in years)
 0.50
 0.50
 0.50

 Expected volatility
 48.70 % - 49.65 %

 49.65 % - 84.59 %

 38.70 % - 61.86 %

 Expected dividends
 0.00 %
 0.00 %
 0.00 %

 Risk-free interest rate
 0.05 % - 0.22 %

 0.22 % - 4.77 %

 4.77 % - 5.53 %

 As of January 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP was $ 0.6 million. That cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining term of the offering period that began on January 1, 2024 and will end on June 30, 2024.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 Total stock-based compensation expense included in our consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 $
 $
 1,430
 $
 1,847

 5,195
 7,263
 9,369

 7,520
 13,283
 15,417

 6,186
 11,602
 15,942

 8,616
 16,654
 15,460

 Total stock-based compensation expense1

 $
 28,477
 $
 50,232
 $
 58,035

 1Includes $ 0.2 million benefit incurred for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 in connection with the restructuring plan commenced in January 2023. See Note 19 "Restructuring" for more information.

 Note 12. Income Taxes
 The components of loss before income taxes by domestic and foreign jurisdictions were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 United States
 $
 ( 61,587)
 $
 ( 100,223)
 $
 ( 61,994)

 Foreign
 ( 12,367)
 2,450
 20,058

 Loss before income taxes
 $
 ( 73,954)
 $
 ( 97,773)
 $
 ( 41,936)

 The components of the income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Current:

 Federal
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 State

 Foreign
 2,363
 3,441

 Total
 2,444
 3,930

 Deferred:

 Federal
 ( 21,280)
 1,339

 State
 ( 3,086)

 Foreign
 ( 150)
 ( 3,788)

 Total
 ( 24,280)
 1,627
 ( 2,340)

 Total income tax provision (benefit)
 $
 ( 23,833)
 $
 4,071
 $
 1,590

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the reported income tax (provision) benefit are summarized as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Income taxes at statutory rate of 21% for 2022, 2023, and 2024

 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %
 21.0
 %

 State income tax (provision) benefit, net of federal impact
 4.1
 ( 0.4)
 ( 2.7)

 Tax credits
 4.1
 0.0
 23.9

 Statutory tax rate law changes
 2.7
 0.0
 0.0

 Transaction costs
 ( 1.3)
 ( 0.1)
 0.0

 Other
 0.0
 ( 0.3)
 ( 0.3)

 Nondeductible expenses
 ( 0.1)
 ( 0.2)
 ( 1.0)

 48.8
 0.1
 ( 1.0)

 Foreign rate differential
 0.7
 0.5
 ( 1.7)

 Executive compensation
 ( 3.7)
 ( 2.4)
 ( 5.0)

 GILTI inclusion
 0.0
 ( 0.6)
 ( 6.8)

 Changes in valuation allowance
 ( 44.1)
 ( 21.6)
 ( 10.5)

 Federal return to provision
 0.0
 ( 0.2)
 ( 19.7)

 32.2
 %
 ( 4.2)
 %
 ( 3.8)
 %

 Significant components of the Company's net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

 2023
 2024

 Deferred tax assets:

 Net operating losses
 $
 134,413
 $
 115,187

 22,658
 39,305

 Financing obligations and lease liabilities
 15,960
 17,343

 Tax credits
 3,527
 15,444

 Equity compensation
 8,400
 9,085

 Reserves and accruals
 4,008
 3,900

 Deferred revenue
 —

 Other
 2,890
 1,613

 Total deferred tax assets
 192,406
 201,877

 Less valuation allowance
 ( 138,359)
 ( 148,270)

 Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances
 54,047
 53,607

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Intangible assets
 ( 29,903)
 ( 26,216)

 Depreciation
 ( 16,213)
 ( 15,066)

 Contract acquisition costs
 ( 7,141)
 ( 7,112)

 Lease asset
 ( 2,678)
 ( 4,453)

 Deferred revenue
 —
 ( 310)

 Total deferred tax liabilities
 ( 55,935)
 ( 53,157)

 Net deferred tax liabilities
 $
 ( 1,888)
 $

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Net deferred tax liabilities were included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

 2023
 2024

 Long-term prepaid expenses and other assets
 $
 $
 4,137

 Deferred income taxes, noncurrent
 ( 2,797)
 ( 3,687)

 Net deferred tax liabilities
 $
 ( 1,888)
 $

 Income taxes payable, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and 2024 were $ 1.3 million and $ 2.0 million, respectively.
 The Company continually assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets based on an evaluative process that considers all available positive and negative evidence. The Company has established a valuation allowance in the amount of $ 138.4 million and $ 148.3 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, because the Company believes it is not more likely than not the deferred tax asset in jurisdictions excluding several foreign jurisdictions will be realized.
 Based on all available positive and negative evidence, having demonstrated sustained profitability and cumulative pre-tax book income for the past three years, which is objective and verifiable, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company's United Kingdom deferred tax assets will be realizable. As a result, the Company released the valuation allowance against the United Kingdom deferred tax assets and reflected the release as a component of income tax provision (benefit) in the amount of $ 3.7 million as of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.
 For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the valuation allowance increased by $ 39.0 million, $ 29.3 million, and $ 9.9 million, respectively.
 Prior to the SimpleNexus acquisition, the Company recorded a net U.S. deferred tax asset which is offset with a valuation allowance. On the Acquisition Date, the Company recorded net U.S. deferred tax liabilities, most of which relate to identifiable finite-life intangible assets. The Company evaluated this positive evidence and determined a portion of these deferred tax liabilities allow the Company to recognize $ 24.6 million of the Company's U.S. deferred tax assets, which results in a reduction of the valuation allowance. In accordance with ASC 805-740-30-3, the Company reflected the reduction of the valuation allowance as a component of income tax provision (benefit) at the Acquisition Date, and during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.
 The Company maintains its assertion of the Company's intent for certain foreign earnings to be indefinitely reinvested. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded taxes on approximately $ 24.4 million of cumulative undistributed earnings of the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company generally does not provide for taxes related to the Company's undistributed earnings because such earnings either would not be taxable when remitted or they are indefinitely reinvested. If in the foreseeable future, the Company can no longer demonstrate that these earnings are indefinitely reinvested, a tax liability will be recognized, which could include other taxes such as withholding tax. The determination of the amount of the unrecognized tax liability is directly influenced by the Company's net operating loss and valuation allowance position in the U.S. If the Company were to repatriate the undistributed earnings, the tax liability is $ 1.1 million.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of January 31, 2024 were as follows:

 As of January 31, 2024
 First Fiscal Year Expiring

 Federal net operating loss carryforwards
 $
 21,678
 2034

 Federal net operating loss carryforwards1

 383,200
 Non-expiring

 State net operating loss carryforwards1

 275,364
 2028

 State net operating loss carryforwards1

 91,028
 Non-expiring

 Foreign net operating loss carryforwards
 8,138
 2031

 Foreign net operating loss carryforwards
 35,318
 Non-expiring

 Federal tax credit carryforwards1

 12,933
 2037

 State tax credit carryforwards
 3,179
 2032

 1The Company acquired a portion of these carryforwards in the SimpleNexus acquisition during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. These acquired carryforwards will be subject to limitations which could limit the Company's utilization in future periods.
 The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. federal and various state and foreign jurisdictions. As of January 31, 2024, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state examinations by tax authorities for tax years prior to 2020. However, amounts reported as net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards from these tax periods remain subject to review by most tax authorities.
 The United States Tax Cuts and Job Act of 2017 (the "U.S. Tax Legislation") was enacted on December 22, 2017. The U.S. Tax Legislation significantly revised the United States tax code by, among other things, introducing a tax on foreign earnings in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations (known as "GILTI") for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The guidance indicated that companies must make a policy election to either record deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse as a result of the GILTI provisions in future years or treat any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period costs when incurred. The Company completed its analysis of the tax effects of the GILTI provisions as of January 31, 2024 and elected to account for these tax effects as period costs when incurred.
 In 2021, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development introduced its Pillar Two Framework Model Rules ("Pillar 2"). The Company does not expect Pillar 2 to impact its tax liability and will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.
 The Company recognizes the income tax benefits of any uncertain tax positions only when, based upon the technical merits of the position, it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable upon examination. With the information available, the Company has performed an analysis and as of January 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company has not recognized any unrecognized tax benefits, interest or penalties for any income tax positions.

 Note 13. Defined Contribution Plan
 The Company has a 401(k) plan for its employees in the United States who meet the plan requirements. The Company, at its discretion, may make matching contributions. Employees are immediately vested in their contributions. The Company also has a Registered Retirement Savings Plan covering all eligible employees in Canada. Employer contributions for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 were $ 3.2 million, $ 7.0 million, and $ 3.3 million, respectively.

 Note 14. Leases
 Operating Leases
 The Company leases its facilities and a portion of its equipment under various non-cancellable agreements, which expire at various times through December 2033, some of which include options to extend for up to five years.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The components of lease expense were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Operating lease expense
 $
 2,945
 $
 4,066
 $
 4,940

 Variable lease expense
 1,276
 1,979

 Short-term lease expense

 Total
 $
 4,111
 $
 5,850
 $
 7,370

 Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases were as follows:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
 $
 3,082
 $
 4,993
 $
 4,489

 Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities
 1,771
 2,050
 13,152

 Modification to reduce operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities
 —
 —

 Operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities disposed of
 —
 —

 The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for the Company's operating lease liabilities as of January 31, 2024 were 6.72 years and 5.6 %, respectively.
 Future minimum lease payments as of January 31, 2024 were as follows:

 Fiscal Year Ending January 31,
 Operating Leases

 2025
 $
 3,994

 2026
 4,479

 2027
 3,186

 2028
 2,783

 2029
 1,712

 Thereafter
 6,490

 Total lease liabilities
 22,644

 Less: imputed interest
 ( 2,572)

 Total lease obligations
 20,072

 Less: current obligations
 ( 3,649)

 Long-term lease obligations
 $
 16,423

 Note 15. Revolving Credit Facility
 On February 11, 2022, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), by and among the Company, nCino OpCo (the "Borrower"), certain subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, and Bank of America, N.A. as lender (the "Lender"), pursuant to which the Lender is providing to the Borrower a senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $ 50.0 million (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit subject to a sublimit of $ 7.5 million. Any issuance of letters of credit will reduce the amount available under the Credit Facility.
 Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the Borrower's option, at: (i) a base rate equal to the greater of (a) the Lender's "prime rate," (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 %, and (c) the Bloomberg Short Term Bank Yield Index

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 ("BSBY") rate plus 1.00 %, plus a margin of 0.00 % (provided that the base rate shall not be less than 0.00 %); or (ii) the BSBY rate (provided that the BSBY shall not be less than 0.00 %), plus a margin of 1.00 %. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee to the Lender of 0.25 % of the average daily unutilized commitments. The Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees.
 The Company may repay amounts borrowed any time without penalty. Borrowings under the Credit Facility may be reborrowed.
 The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative, negative and financial covenants, and events of default that are customary for loans of this type. The financial covenant requires the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis to maintain Consolidated Liquidity of not less than $ 50.0 million. Consolidated Liquidity is measured as the sum of 100 % of unrestricted and unencumbered cash of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, 75 % of unrestricted and unencumbered cash of the Company's foreign subsidiaries and the lesser of Credit Facility availability and $ 25.0 million. The Company is also required to maintain at least $ 5.0 million of the Company's cash and/or marketable securities with the Lender which is considered restricted cash and is included in long-term prepaid expenses and other assets as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024 on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
 The Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company and each of its current and future material domestic subsidiaries (the "Guarantors") and secured by substantially all of the personal property, subject to customary exceptions, of the Borrower and the Guarantors, in each case, now owned or later acquired, including a pledge of all of the Borrower's capital stock, the capital stock of all of the Company's domestic subsidiaries, and 65 % of the capital stock of foreign subsidiaries that are directly owned by the Borrower or a Guarantor.
 The Company had $ 30.0 million and $ 0.0 million outstanding and no letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility and was in compliance with all covenants as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024, respectively. The available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility was $ 50.0 million as of January 31, 2024.
 See Note 20 "Subsequent Events" for additional information.

 Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies
 In addition to the operating lease commitments described in Note 14 "Leases", the Company has additional contractual commitments as described further below.
 Purchase Commitments
 The Company's purchase commitments consist of non-cancellable agreements to purchase goods and services, primarily licenses and hosting services, entered into in the ordinary course of business.
 Financing Obligations
 The Company entered into a lease agreement for the Company's headquarters in November 2020 in connection with a new lessor acquiring the property. Due to a purchase option contained in that lease, the Company is deemed to have continuing involvement and is considered to be the owner of the Company's headquarters for accounting purposes. As a result, the Company did not meet the criteria to apply sale-leaseback accounting and therefore, recorded an asset and corresponding financing obligation for $ 16.3 million at inception of that lease. The fair value of the leased property and corresponding financing obligation are included in property and equipment, net and financing obligations on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.
 In January 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its November 2020 headquarters lease to provide for construction of a parking deck, which upon completion was subject to exclusive use by the Company. Due to the Company also being deemed to be the owner of the parking deck for accounting purposes, the costs associated with the construction of the parking deck were capitalized as construction in progress with a corresponding construction liability through construction. Upon completion of the parking deck in September 2021, for approximately $ 17.7 million, the costs of the construction in progress and the corresponding construction liability were reclassified to property and equipment, net and financing obligations on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 In April 2021, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for the construction of an additional office building that is on the same parcel of land as the Company's existing headquarters. Due to a purchase option contained in that April 2021 lease, the Company is also deemed to be the owner of the additional building for accounting purposes, the costs associated with the construction of the additional building were capitalized as construction in progress with a corresponding construction liability through construction. Upon completion of the additional building in November 2022, for approximately $ 22.4 million, the costs of the construction in progress and the corresponding construction liability were reclassified to property and equipment, net and financing obligations on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively, and the term of the Company's November 2020 lease for its headquarters and the related parking deck became coterminous with the April 2021 lease. The term of the April 2021 lease expires in October 2037 with options to extend. The purchase option expires if not exercised on or before November 30, 2026.
 The leases will be analyzed for applicable lease accounting upon expiration of the purchase option, if not exercised.
 Purchase commitments and future minimum lease payments required under financing obligations as of January 31, 2024 is as follows:

 Fiscal Year Ending January 31,
 Purchase commitments
 Financing obligations - leased facility

 2025
 $
 74,768
 $
 4,543

 2026
 73,151
 4,644

 2027
 71,749
 3,950

 2028
 70,000
 —

 2029
 —
 —

 Thereafter
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 289,668
 $
 13,137

 Residual financing obligations and assets
 49,476

 Less: amount representing interest
 ( 8,459)

 Financing obligations
 $
 54,154

 A portion of the associated lease payments are recognized as interest expense and the remainder reduces the financing obligations. The weighted-average discount rate for the Company's financing obligations as of January 31, 2024 was 5.7 %.
 Indemnification
 In the ordinary course of business, the Company generally includes standard indemnification provisions in its arrangements with third parties, including vendors, customers, and the Company's directors and officers. Pursuant to these provisions, the Company may be obligated to indemnify such parties for losses or claims suffered or incurred. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential loss under these indemnification provisions due to the Company's limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular provision. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such obligations and has not accrued any material liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 Legal Proceedings
 From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings or is subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business including the following:
 On March 12, 2021, a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (the "District Court"). The sole class representative in the suit is one individual alleging a contract, combination or conspiracy between and among the Company, Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. ("Live Oak") and Apiture, Inc. ("Apiture") not to solicit or hire each other's employees in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act and N.C. Gen Stat. §§ 75-1 and 75-2. The complaint seeks treble damages and additional remedies, including restitution, disgorgement, reasonable

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 attorneys' fees, the costs of the suit, and pre-judgment and post judgment interest. The complaint does not allege any specific damages. On April 28, 2022, the District Court approved settlements between the plaintiff and defendant Live Oak in the amount of approximately $ 3.9 million and unnamed party Apiture in the amount of approximately $ 0.8 million. In July 2023, through mediation, the Company and the plaintiff reached a settlement agreement in principle of approximately $ 2.2 million. The Company remitted the $ 2.2 million settlement to an escrow agent in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, and the District Court entered the Final Judgement of Dismissal on March 14, 2024.
 On September 26, 2022, a purported stockholder of the Company filed a complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery in connection with the series of mergers in which the Company became the parent of nCino OpCo and SimpleNexus. The complaint, captioned City of Hialeah Employees' Retirement System, Derivatively on Behalf of Nominal Defendants nCINO, INC. (f/k/a Penny HoldCo, Inc.) and nCINO OpCo, Inc. (f/k/a nCino, Inc.) v. INSIGHT VENTURE PARTNERS, LLC, et al., C.A. No. 2022-0846-MTZ, names as defendants, Insight Ventures Partners, LLC., Insight Holdings Group, LLC., the Company's directors and certain officers, along with nCino, Inc. and nCino OpCo, Inc. as nominal defendants, and alleges that the members of the board of directors, controlling stockholders, and officers violated their fiduciary duties in the course of negotiating and approving the series of mergers. The complaint alleges damages in an unspecified amount. Pursuant to the rights in its bylaws and Delaware law, the Company is advancing the costs incurred by the director and officer defendants in this action, and the defendants may assert indemnification rights in respect of an adverse judgment or settlement of the action, if any. Given the uncertainty and preliminary stages of this matter, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate any possible loss or range of loss that may result. Therefore, the Company has not made an accrual for the above matter in the consolidated financial statements. On December 28, 2023, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted in full defendants' motions to dismiss the complaint. On January 25, 2024, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal.
 The Company does not presently believe the above matters will have a material adverse effect on its day-to-day operations or the quality of the services, products or innovation it continues to provide to its customers. However, regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on the Company because of the related expenses, diversion of management resources, and other factors.
 Other Commitments and Contingencies
 The Company may be subject to audits related to its non-income taxes by tax authorities in jurisdictions where it conducts business. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes that are subsequently resolved with the authorities or potentially through the courts. The Company accrues for any assessments if deemed probable and estimable.

 Note 17. Related-Party Transactions
 The Company's largest vendor was also an equityholder in the Company. Total payments related to the reseller agreement with this party are disclosed in Note 9 "Reseller Agreement." The Company also purchases services from this party to assist in managing its own sales cycle, customer relationship management, and other business functions. Based solely on information reported in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022, this vendor was no longer considered a related party as of December 31, 2021, and the amounts disclosed related to them are accordingly presented while the vendor was considered a related party. The Company continues to do business with the vendor and transactions after December 31, 2021 are no longer disclosed. Total payments for these services recorded to expenses were $ 1.5 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.
 The Company entered into the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2022, as disclosed in Note 1 "Organization and Description of Business" and Note 7 "Business Combinations." Affiliates of Insight Partners were equityholders of SimpleNexus and certain other parties in connection with the Merger Agreement transaction, and other affiliates of Insight Partners are currently significant stockholders of the Company.
 On November 1, 2022, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, nCino OpCo, acquired preferred shares of ZestFinance, Inc. (d/b/a ZEST AI) ("Zest AI"), a private company, for $ 2.5 million and is included in investments as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2024 on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The investment is considered a related party transaction as entities affiliated with Insight Partners, a beneficial owner of the Company, own greater than ten percent of Zest AI. On May 23, 2023, the Company announced a strategic partnership with Zest AI to build an integration into the Company's consumer banking solution to enable lenders with streamlined access to consumer credit lending insights.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 Note 18. Basic and Diluted Loss per Share
 Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to nCino, Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal period. Diluted loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential weighted average dilutive common stock, including stock options issued and outstanding, nonvested RSUs issued and outstanding, and shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP. The dilutive effect of outstanding awards is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Diluted loss per share for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 is the same as the basic loss per share as there was a net loss for those periods, and inclusion of potentially issuable shares was anti-dilutive.
 The components of basic and diluted loss per share for periods presented are as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Basic and diluted loss per share:

 Numerator

 Net loss attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 ( 49,446)
 $
 ( 102,720)
 $
 ( 42,346)

 Denominator

 Weighted-average common shares outstanding
 96,722,464
 110,615,734
 112,672,397

 Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to nCino, Inc.
 $
 ( 0.51)
 $
 ( 0.93)
 $
 ( 0.38)

 The following potential outstanding common stock were excluded from the diluted loss per share computation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Stock options issued and outstanding
 2,629,109
 2,009,323

 Nonvested RSUs issued and outstanding
 3,012,440
 3,531,387
 5,626,125

 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
 12,471
 21,079
 105,227

 Note 19. Restructuring
 In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company announced a workforce reduction of approximately 7 % and office space reductions in certain markets (collectively, the "restructuring plan") in furtherance of its efforts to improve operating margins and advance the Company's objective of profitable growth.
 Lease termination costs were accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. The Company paid $ 0.8 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 to exercise an early termination clause to exit a facility during fiscal 2024, which was accounted for as a lease modification.
 The Company incurred charges in the fourth quarter of the Company's fiscal 2023 of $ 4.8 million in connection with the restructuring plan. The accrual for severance and related benefit costs of $ 5.0 million for terminated employees was included in accrued compensation and benefits on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and was paid in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal 2024. The Company had no restructuring charges for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.

 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise indicated)

 The Company's restructuring charges were as follows:

 2023
 2024

 Severance and other employee costs
 Stock-based compensation (benefit)
 Lease exit fees1

 Total
 Severance and other employee costs
 Stock-based compensation (benefit)
 Lease exit fees1

 Total

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $

 ( 9)
 —
 —

 1,324
 ( 31)
 1,302
 —
 —

 2,105
 ( 141)
 1,994
 —
 —

 1,210
 ( 29)
 1,183
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 4,963
 $
 ( 210)
 $
 $
 4,807
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $

 1 These expenses reduced operating lease right-of-use assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

 Note 20. Subsequent Events
 On February 9, 2024, the Company entered into a First Amendment to extend the existing maturity date of the Credit Facility provided for under the Credit Agreement to February 11, 2025.
 On March 17, 2024, the Company entered into the Second Amendment which increased our borrowing availability to $ 100.0 million and extended the existing maturity date of the Credit Facility under the Credit Facility to March 17, 2029. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the Borrower's option, at: (i) a base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Lender's "prime rate", (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 %, and (c) the Term SOFR rate plus 1.00 % (provided that the base rate shall not be less than 0.00 %), plus a margin of 1.3125 %; or (ii) the Term SOFR rate (provided that the Term SOFR shall not be less than 0.00 %), plus a margin of 2.3125 %, in each case with such margin subject to a step down based on achievement of a certain leverage ratio. The Company is also required to pay an unused commitment fee to the Lender of 0.30 % of the average daily unutilized commitments (with a step down based on achievement of a certain leverage ratio). The Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees. The financial covenants require the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis to maintain (i) a Consolidated Senior Secured Leverage Ratio not in excess of 2.50:1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter, and (ii) a Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio not less than 3.00:1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter beginning with the second quarter of fiscal year 2025.
 On March 18, 2024, the Company borrowed $ 75.0 million under the Credit Facility. The interest rate at time of borrowing was 7.36 %.
 In March 2024, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, nCino OpCo, acquired all of the outstanding equity of DocFox, Inc. ("DocFox"), a leading solution provider automating onboarding experiences for commercial and business banking. The aggregate purchase price for the DocFox acquisition totaled $ 75.0 million and was funded with proceeds from the Credit Facility and available cash on hand. The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The Company is in the process of finalizing the accounting for this transaction and will complete the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the end of our first quarter of fiscal 2025.

 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 None.

 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures at January 31, 2024, the last day of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, at January 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
 Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024 based on the guidelines established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Based on the results of our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2024.
 The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
 Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 Item 9B. Other Information
 Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
 During the three months ended January 31, 2024, the following Section 16 officers or directors adopted, modified or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement " as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, as follows:
 On January 11, 2024, Josh Glover, President and Chief Revenue Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 40,000 shares of our common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until May 15, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.
 On January 16, 2024, Sean Desmond, Chief Customer Success Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 33,000 shares of our common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until September 3, 2024, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.
 On January 16, 2024, Gregory Orenstein, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 172,448 shares of our common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until January 17, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.
 On January 16, 2024, April Rieger, Chief Legal & Compliance Officer and Secretary, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 39,144 shares of our common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until January 17, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.
 On January 16, 2024, William Ruh, Director, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of up to 185,000 shares of our common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until January 16, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.
 No other officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted, modified, or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the fiscal quarter.

 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
 Not applicable.

 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Proposal One: Election of Class I Directors Named in this Proxy Statement," "Corporate Governance," and "Executive Officers" from our Proxy Statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Item 11. Executive Compensation
 The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation Committee Report," "Executive Compensation," and "Director Compensation" from our Proxy Statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" from our Proxy Statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" and "Director Independence" from our Proxy Statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Principal Accountant Fees and Services" and "Pre-Approval Policy" from our Proxy Statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 1.Financial Statements
 See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 2.Financial Statement Schedules
 The Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
 3.Exhibits
 The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index below are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 EXHIBIT INDEX

 Incorporated by Reference

 Exhibit Number
 Description of Exhibit
 Form
 File No.
 Exhibit
 Filing Date
 Filed Herewith

 2.1+
 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 16, 2021, by and among nCino, Inc., Penny HoldCo, Inc., Dollar Merger Sub, Inc., Penny Merger Sub, LLC, SimpleNexus, LLC, Insight Venture Partners, LLC, and the other parties thereto

 2.1
 November 17, 2021

 3.1
 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

 8-K12B
 3.1
 January 10, 2022

 3.2
 Amended and Restated Bylaws

 3.1
 November 29, 2022

 4.1
 Form of Common Stock Certificate

 4.1
 March 31, 2022

 4.2
 First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated February 12, 2015, as amended, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1
 4.2
 June 22, 2020

 4.3
 First Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated May 25, 2016, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.3

 4.4
 Second Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated November 23, 2016, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.4

 4.5
 Third Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated July 31, 2017, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.5

 4.6
 Fourth Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated January 16, 2018, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.6

 4.7
 Fifth Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated July 12, 2018, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.7

 Incorporated by Reference

 Exhibit Number
 Description of Exhibit
 Form
 File No.
 Exhibit
 Filing Date
 Filed Herewith

 4.8
 Sixth Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated September 16, 2019, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.8

 4.9
 Seventh Amendment to First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated September 30, 2019, among nCino, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock.

 S-1/A
 4.9

 4.10
 Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated January 7, 2022, by and among nCino, Inc. and nCino OpCo, Inc., with respect to the First Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2015, by and among nCino, Inc. and certain Investors

 8-K12B
 4.1
 January 10, 2022

 4.11
 Description of Capital Stock

 4.11

 10.1
 nCino, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Stock Ownership and Long Term Incentive Plan and related form agreements.

 S-1
 10.1
 June 22, 2020

 10.2
 nCino, Inc. 2019 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and related form agreements.

 S-1/A
 10.2

 10.3
 nCino, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 S-1/A
 10.3

 10.4
 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Pierre Naud.

 S-1/A
 10.4

 10.5
 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Joshua Glover.

 S-1/A
 10.6

 10.6
 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Gregory D. Orenstein

 10.7

 10.7
 Employment Agreement with April Rieger

 10.8

 10.8
 Employment Agreement with Matthew Hansen

 10.9

 10.9
 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between nCino, Inc. and its directors and executive officers.

 S-1/A
 10.8

 10.10
 Form of Assignment and Assumption Agreement entered into by and among nCino OpCo, Inc., nCino, Inc., and its directors and executive officers relating to each applicable Indemnification Agreement

 10.9
 March 31, 2022

 10.11
 Form of Assignment and Assumption Agreement entered into by and among nCino OpCo, Inc., nCino, Inc., and its executive officers relating to each applicable Executive Employment Agreement

 10.10
 March 31, 2022

 10.12++
 Partner Application Distribution Agreement by and between Salesforce and the Company, dated June 19, 2020, as amended.

 S-1
 10.7
 June 22, 2020

 10.13
 Office Lease by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated November 29, 2020.

 10.1
 December 2, 2020

 10.14
 Amendment to Office Lease by and between Wilmington Investors LLC and nCino, Inc., dated November 25, 2020

 10.2
 December 2, 2020

 10.15
 Agreement Regarding Exercise and Assignment of Purchase Option among nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated November 29, 2020

 10.3
 December 2, 2020

 10.16
 First Amendment to Office Lease by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated January 27, 2021

 10.12
 March 31, 2021

 Incorporated by Reference

 Exhibit Number
 Description of Exhibit
 Form
 File No.
 Exhibit
 Filing Date
 Filed Herewith

 10.17
 Lease by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated April 5, 2021

 10.1
 April 7, 2021

 10.18
 Second Amendment to Office Lease by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated April 5, 2021

 10.1
 June 2, 2021

 10.19+
 Restrictive Covenant Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2021, by and among nCino, Inc. and the Insight Parties thereto

 10.1
 November 17, 2021

 10.20++
 Parking Deck Rent Adjustment Notice

 10.2
 December 1, 2021

 10.21
 Credit Agreement by and among nCino, Inc., nCino OpCo, Inc., certain subsidiaries of nCino, Inc. as guarantors and Bank of America, N.A., dated February 11, 2022

 10.1
 February 14, 2022

 10.22
 New Building Completion Notice

 10.1
 November 30, 2022

 10.23
 First Amendment to Office Lease (New Building) by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated March 20, 2023

 10.25

 10.24
 Third Amendment to Office Lease (Existing Building) by and between nCino, Inc. and Cloud Real Estate Holdings, LLC, dated March 20, 2023

 10.26

 10.25++
 Amendment to Partner Application Distribution Agreement by and between Salesforce and the Company, dated December 20, 2023

 X

 10.26
 First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among nCino, Inc., nCino OpCo, Inc., certain subsidiaries of nCino, Inc. as guarantors and Bank of America, N.A., dated February 9, 2024

 10.1
 February 13, 2024

 10.27
 Second Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among nCino, Inc., nCino OpCo, Inc., certain subsidiaries of nCino, Inc. as guarantors and Bank of America, N.A., dated March 17, 2024

 10.1
 March 18, 2024

 21.1
 List of subsidiaries of nCino, Inc.

 X

 23.1
 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 X

 31.1
 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 31.2
 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 32.1*
 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 32.2*
 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 X

 97.1
 nCino, Inc. Policy on Recoupment of Incentive Compensation

 X

 101.INS
 X

 Incorporated by Reference

 Exhibit Number
 Description of Exhibit
 Form
 File No.
 Exhibit
 Filing Date
 Filed Herewith

 101.SCH
 X

 101.CAL
 X

 101.DEF
 X

 101.LAB
 X

 101.PRE
 X

 X

 +
 Certain schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Items 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, and the Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit upon request.

 Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.

 ++
 Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.

 *
 The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed "filed" for purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates by reference.

 Item 16. Form 10–K Summary
 Not applicable.

 SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 Date: March 26, 2024
 By:
 /s/ Pierre Naud

 Pierre Naud

 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 Date: March 26, 2024
 By:
 /s/ Gregory D. Orenstein

 Gregory D. Orenstein

 Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer

 (Principal Financial Officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 Signature
 Title
 Date

 /s/ Pierre Naud
 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 Pierre Naud
 (Principal Executive Officer)

 /s/ Gregory D. Orenstein
 Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer

 Gregory D. Orenstein
 (Principal Financial Officer)

 /s/ Jeanette Sellers
 Vice President of Accounting

 Jeanette Sellers
 (Principal Accounting Officer)

 /s/Steven Collins

 Steven Collins

 /s/ Jon Doyle

 Jon Doyle

 /s/ Jeffrey Horing

 Jeffrey Horing

 /s/ Pam Kilday

 Pam Kilday

 /s/ Spencer Lake

 Spencer Lake

 /s/ William Ruh

 William Ruh

 /s/ William Spruill

 William Spruill