UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 Form 10-K/A
 (Amendment No. 1)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended

 December 31, 2024

 OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from to

 Commission file number 001-35961

 Liberty Global Ltd.
 (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 Bermuda

 98-1750381

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda
 (Address of Principal Executive Office)
 Registrant's telephone number, including area code: + 1. 303. 220.6600
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Class A common shares
 LBTYA
 Nasdaq Global Select Market

 Class B common shares
 LBTYB
 Nasdaq Global Select Market

 Class C common shares
 LBTYK
 Nasdaq Global Select Market

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: none
 Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Check one:

 Large Accelerated Filer

 Accelerated Filer

 Non-Accelerated Filer

 Smaller Reporting Company

 Emerging Growth Company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b)
 Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
 State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates, computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and ask price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $ 5.7 billion.
 The number of outstanding common shares of Liberty Global Ltd. as of January 31, 2025 was: 173,057,058 shares of class A common shares, 12,968,658 shares of class B common shares and 162,728,947 shares of class C common shares.
 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the Registrant's 2025 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.

 EXPLANATORY NOTE

 On February 18, 2025, Liberty Global Ltd. (the Registrant) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission its Annual Report on Form 10-K (the Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Registrant's independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, Denver, CO, Auditor Firm ID: 185.

 The Registrant is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (the Form 10-K/A) to include under Item 15 the consolidated financial statements of its equity investees VMED O2 UK Limited and VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V., as required by Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the Registrant hereby amends and replaces in its entirety Item 15 of its Form 10-K.

 Except as described above, this Form 10-K/A does not update or modify in any way the disclosures provided in the Registrant's Form 10-K, and does not purport to reflect any information or events subsequent to the February 18, 2025 filing thereof.

 Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 (a) (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 The financial statements required under this Item begin on page II-41 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 (a) (2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 The financial statement schedules required under this Item are as follows:

 Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 IV- 6

 Separate Financial Statements of Subsidiaries Not Consolidated and 50 Percent or Less Owned Persons:

 VMED O2 UK Limited:

 Independent Auditors' Report
 IV- 7

 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
 IV- 9

 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended 31 December 2024, 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022
 IV- 10

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the year ended 31 December 2024, 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022
 IV- 11

 Consolidated Statements of Owners' Equity for the year ended 31 December 2024, 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022
 IV- 12

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2024, 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022
 IV- 13

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 IV- 15

 VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V.:

 Independent Auditors' Report
 IV- 61

 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 (unaudited) and 2023 (unaudited)
 IV- 63

 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 (unaudited), 2023 (unaudited) and 2022
 IV- 65

 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 (unaudited), 2023 (unaudited) and 2022
 IV- 66

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 (unaudited), 2023 (unaudited) and 2022
 IV- 67

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 IV- 69

 (a) (3) EXHIBITS

 Listed below are the exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K). Each reference to the Registrant includes the Registrant's predecessors, as applicable.

 2 -- Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession:

 2.1
 Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2021, by and among Liberty Global plc, UPC Poland Holding B.V., P4 sp.z o.o. and Iliad S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2021 (File No. 001-35961)).****

 2.2
 Master Separation Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2024, by and between Liberty Global Ltd. and Sunrise Communications AG (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Registrant's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed September 20, 2024 (File No. 001-35961)).

 3 -- Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws:

 3.1
 Bye-Laws of Liberty Global Ltd., adopted on November 23, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 4 -- Instruments Defining the Rights of Securities Holders, including Indentures:

 4.1
 Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 15, 2024 (File No. 001-35961)).

 IV-1

 Borrowing Obligations of Telenet Group

 4.2
 Indenture dated December 13, 2017 between Telenet Finance Luxembourg Notes S.a.r.l., The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as Trustee and Security Trustee and The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, Luxembourg Branch, as Transfer Agent and Registrar (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2017 (File No. 000.35961)(the December 2017 8-K/A)).

 4.3
 Additional Facility AJ Accession Agreement dated December 13, 2017 and entered into between, among others, Telenet International Finance S.a.r.l. as the Borrower, Telenet Financing USD LLC as a Guarantor, The Bank of Nova Scotia as Facility Agent and KBC Bank NV as Security Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the December 2017 8-K/A).

 4.4
 Additional Facility AK Accession Agreement dated December 13, 2017 and entered into between, among others, Telenet International Finance S.a.r.l. as the Borrower, Telenet Financing USD LLC as a Guarantor, The Bank of Nova Scotia as Facility Agent and KBC Bank NV as Security Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the December 2017 8-K/A).

 4.5
 Telenet Supplemental Agreement (Credit Agreement) dated November 16, 2018 between among others, Telenet BVBA as the company, The Bank of Nova Scotia as facility agent and KBC Bank NV as security agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the November 2018 8-K).

 4.6
 Additional Facility AR Accession Agreement dated January 24, 2020 and entered into between, among others, Telenet Financing USD LLC as the Borrower, Telenet BVBA as a Guarantor and The Bank of Nova Scotia as the Facility Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 30, 2020 (File No. 001-35961) (the January 30, 2020 8-K)).

 4.7
 Additional Facility AQ Accession Agreement dated January 24, 2020 and entered into between, among others, Telenet International Finance S. r.l. as the Borrower, Telenet BVBA as a Guarantor and The Bank of Nova Scotia as the Facility Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the January 30, 2020 8-K).

 4.8
 Supplemental Agreement dated April 6, 2020 between, among others, Telenet BV as company, The Bank of Nova Scotia as facility agent and KBC Bank NV as security agent and attached as a schedule thereto, a copy of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 6, 2020, between, among others, Telenet BV as original borrower and The Bank of Nova Scotia as facility agent and KBC Bank NV as security agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 10, 2020 (File No. 001-35961)).

 4.9
 Supplemental Agreement dated June 30, 2023 between, among others, Telenet BV as company, The Bank of Nova Scotia as facility agent and KBC Bank NV as security agent and attached as a schedule thereto, a copy of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated June 30, 2023, between, among others, Telenet BV as original borrower and The Bank of Nova Scotia as facility agent and KBC Bank NV as security agent. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current report on Form 8-K filed July 6, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 The Registrant undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, a copy of all instruments with respect to long-term debt not filed herewith.

 10 -- Material Contracts:

 Compensatory Plans or Arrangements

 10.1
 Deed of Assumption of Liberty Global Ltd. (f/k/a Liberty Global plc), dated June 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 7, 2013 (File No. 001-35961).

 10.2+
 Deferred Compensation Plan (adopted effective December 15, 2008; Amended and Restated as of October 26, 2015)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 16, 2016 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.3+
 Nonemployee Director Deferred Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated Effective December 11, 2015)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 16, 2016 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.4+
 Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated effective November 24, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.5+
 Form of Share Appreciation Rights Agreement between the Registrant and its Chief Executive Officer under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 4, 2016 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.6+
 Form of Performance Restricted Share Units Agreement (SHIP) under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2019 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.7+
 Form of Share Appreciation Rights Agreement under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2019 (File No. 001-35961)).

 IV-2

 10.8+
 Form of Share Appreciation Rights Agreement between the Registrant and its Chief Executive Officer under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 6, 2019 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.9+
 Liberty Global 2020 Annual Performance Award Program for executive officers under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (description of said plan is incorporated by reference to the description thereof included in Item 5.02(e) of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2020 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.10+
 Liberty Global 2020 Long-Term Equity Incentive Program for executive officers under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (description of said plan is incorporated by reference to the description thereof included in Item 5.02(e) of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2020 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.11+
 Liberty Global 2021 Long-Term Equity Incentive Program for executive officers under the Liberty Global 2014 Incentive Plan (description of said plan is incorporated by reference to the description thereof included in Item 5.02(e) of Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 15, 2021 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.12+
 Liberty Global Compensation Policy for Nonemployee Directors effective June 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed April 28, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.13+
 Liberty Global 2014 Nonemployee Director Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated effective November 24, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.14+
 Form of Restricted Share Units Agreement under the Liberty Global 2014 Nonemployee Director Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 5, 2014 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.15+
 Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated effective November 24, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.16+
 Form of Share Appreciation Rights Agreement under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.17+
 Form of Restricted Share Units Agreement (3-year vesting) under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.18+
 Form of Restricted Share Units Agreement (4-year vesting) under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.19+
 Form of Non-Qualified Share Option Agreement under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.20+
 Form of Non-Executive Director Restricted Share Units Agreement under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.21+
 Form of Performance Share Units Agreement under the Liberty Global 2023 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed July 25, 2024 (File No. 001-35961)).

 Employment Agreements

 10.22+
 Executive Service Agreement, dated December 15, 2004, between UPC Services Limited and Charles Bracken (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 24, 2010 (File No. 000-51360)).

 10.23+
 Employment Agreement, dated May 19, 2005, by and between Liberty Global Europe Limited (f/k/a UGC Europe Services Ltd.) and Andrea Salvato, assigned by Liberty Global Europe Limited to Liberty Global Holdings Limited (f/k/a Liberty Global plc) on November 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 3, 2020 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.24+
 Employment Agreement dated as of June 28, 2018, between Liberty Global, Inc. and Enrique Rodriguez (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.25+
 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of April 30, 2019, by and among the Liberty Global Holdings Limited (f/k/a Liberty Global plc), Liberty Global Inc. and Michael T. Fries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2019 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.26+
 Employment Agreement, dated May 21, 2020, by and between Liberty Global, Inc. and Bryan H. Hall (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 3, 2020 (File No. 001-35961)).

 IV-3

 Shareholder Agreements

 10.27
 Shareholders' Agreement, dated December 31, 2016, by and among, Vodafone International Holdings B.V., Vodafone Group Plc, Liberty Global Europe Holding B.V., the Registrant and Lynx Global Europe II B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 6, 2017 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.28
 Shareholders Agreement, dated June 1, 2021, by and among Liberty Global Ltd. (f/k/a Liberty Global plc), Liberty Global Europe 2 Limited, Liberty Global Holdco Limited, Telefonica, S.A. and Telefonica O2 Holdings Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2021 (File No. 001-35961)).

 Other Agreements and Policies

 10.29+
 Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K 12B filed November 24, 2023 (File No. 001-35961)).

 10.30+
 Form of Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement (7X) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 13, 2013 (File No. 000-51360)).

 10.31+
 Personal Usage of Aircraft Policy, restated June 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 16, 2016 (File No. 001-35961)).

 19 -- Insider Trading Policies and Procedures:

 19.1
 Insider Trading Policy*

 21 -- List of Subsidiaries*

 23 -- Consent of Experts and Counsel:

 23.1
 Consent of KPMG LLP*

 23.2
 Consent of KPMG LLP**

 23.3
 Consent of KPMG Accountants N.V.**

 31 -- Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification:

 31.1
 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer*

 31.2
 Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)*

 31.3
 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer**

 31.4
 Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)**

 32 -- Section 1350 Certification ***

 97 -- Policy relating to recovery of erroneously awarded compensation, as required by applicable listing standards adopted pursuant to 17 CFR 240.10D-1:

 97.1
 Liberty Global Ltd. Compensation Recovery Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 15, 2024 (File No. 001-35961)).

 101.SCH

 101.CAL

 101.DEF

 101.LAB

 101.PRE

 * Filed with the Registrant's Form 10-K dated February 18, 2025
 ** Filed herewith
 *** Furnished herewith
 **** Schedules and similar attachments to the agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules and similar attachments upon request by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission
 + This document has been identified as a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 IV-4

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 LIBERTY GLOBAL LTD.

 Dated:
 /s/ BRYAN H. HALL

 Bryan H. Hall
 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 Signature
 Title
 Date

 /s/ JOHN C. MALONE
 Chairman of the Board

 John C. Malone

 /s/ MICHAEL T. FRIES
 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Michael T. Fries

 /s/ ANDREW J. COLE

 Andrew J. Cole

 /s/ MIRANDA CURTIS

 Miranda Curtis

 /s/ MARISA D. DREW

 Marisa D. Drew

 /s/ PAUL A. GOULD

 Paul A. Gould

 /s/ RICHARD R. GREEN

 Richard R. Green

 /s/ LARRY ROMRELL

 Larry Romrell

 /s/ DANIEL E. SANCHEZ

 Daniel E. Sanchez

 /s/ J. DAVID WARGO

 J. David Wargo

 /s/ ANTHONY G. WERNER

 Anthony G. Werner

 /s/ CHARLES H.R. BRACKEN
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 Charles H.R. Bracken

 /s/ JASON WALDRON
 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

 Jason Waldron

 IV-5

 LIBERTY GLOBAL LTD.
 SCHEDULE II
 VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

 Allowance for doubtful accounts — Trade receivables

 Balance at beginning
of period
 Additions to costs and expenses
 Deductions or write-offs
 Balance
at end of period

 Year ended December 31:

 2022

 $
 17.1
 8.6
 (5.7)
 (0.9)
 $
 19.1

 2023

 $
 19.1
 8.2
 (6.2)
 0.5
 $
 21.6

 2024

 $
 21.6
 6.6
 (6.3)
 (1.4)
 $
 20.5

 Allowance for doubtful accounts — Loans to affiliates

 Balance at beginning
of period
 Additions to
costs and
expenses
 Balance
at end of
period

 Year ended December 31:

 2022

 $
 37.2
 (4.5)
 (2.5)
 $
 30.2

 2023

 $
 30.2
 (1.7)
 1.0
 $
 29.5

 2024

 $
 29.5
 (7.8)
 (1.4)
 $
 20.3

 IV-6

 Independent Auditors' Report

 The Board of Directors
 VMED O2 UK Limited:

 Opinion
 We have audited the consolidated financial statements of VMED O2 UK Limited (and its subsidiaries) (the Company), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, consolidated statements in owners' equity, and consolidated statements of cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three years then ended in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 Basis for Opinion
 We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 Responsibilities of Management for the Consolidated Financial Statements
 Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued.

 Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements
 Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the consolidated financial statements.

 In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

 • Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

 • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

 • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

 • Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

 IV-7

 We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control related matters that we identified during the audit.

 /s/ KPMG LLP
 London, U.K.

 IV-8

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 2024
 2023

 ASSETS

 Current assets:

 1,110.3

 849.9

 Trade receivables, net (notes 3 and 14)

 862.8
 987.6

 Related-party receivables (note 14)

 193.9
 190.7

 Derivative instruments (notes 5 and 6)

 463.6
 420.6

 Prepaid expenses
 324.2
 273.4

 Other current assets (notes 4 and 14)

 1,361.9
 1,381.6

 Total current assets
 4,316.7
 4,103.8

 Property, plant and equipment, net (notes 7 and 10)

 8,919.0
 8,520.5

 Goodwill (note 7)

 15,396.8
 15,396.8

 Intangible assets subject to amortisation, net (note 7)

 5,761.8
 6,697.2

 Other assets, net (notes 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14 and 15)

 2,870.2
 2,921.1

 Total assets

 37,264.5

 37,639.4

 LIABILITIES AND OWNERS' EQUITY

 Current liabilities:

 Accounts payable (note 14)

 1,135.8

 993.4

 Contract liabilities (notes 4 and 14)

 394.8
 467.1

 Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)

 3,805.7
 3,459.3

 Other accrued and current liabilities (notes 4, 5, 10 and 14)

 2,619.6
 2,496.7

 Total current liabilities
 7,955.9
 7,416.5

 Long-term debt and finance lease obligations (notes 9 and 10)

 17,645.8
 17,629.2

 Other long-term liabilities (notes 4, 5, 10, 11, 14 and 15)

 1,231.9
 1,234.6

 Total liabilities
 26,833.6
 26,280.3

 Commitments and contingencies (notes 5, 9, 10, 11, 15 and 17)

 Owners' equity:

 Additional paid-in capital
 9,453.0
 16,917.4

 Accumulated earnings (deficit)
 1,268.2
 (5,349.6)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 (290.3)
 (208.7)

 Total owners' equity

 10,430.9
 11,359.1

 Total liabilities and owners' equity

 37,264.5

 37,639.4

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-9

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Revenue (notes 4, 14 and 18)

 10,680.5

 10,912.7

 10,391.9

 Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortisation, shown separately below):

 Programming and other direct costs of services (note 14)

 3,686.0
 3,734.6
 3,425.9

 Other operating (notes 10 and 14)

 1,628.3
 1,654.6
 1,762.8

 Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) (notes 10, 13 and 14)

 1,883.2
 1,905.6
 1,537.6

 Depreciation and amortisation (note 7)

 2,591.3
 2,969.3
 3,320.7

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net (note 7)

 79.6
 2,477.2
 3,120.9

 9,868.4
 12,741.3
 13,167.9

 Operating income (loss)
 812.1
 (1,828.6)
 (2,776.0)

 Non-operating income (expense):

 (1,279.1)
 (1,210.0)
 (821.4)

 Interest income
 42.8
 48.0
 20.8

 Realised and unrealised gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net (note 5)

 392.3
 (804.0)
 2,188.2

 Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains, net
 (29.0)
 589.2
 (1,104.4)

 Gains on debt extinguishment, net
 2.2
 9.7
 —

 Share of results of affiliates, net (note 8)

 28.6
 72.8
 35.9

 Other income, net
 7.5
 22.9
 21.8

 Gains due to changes in ownership (note 8)

 48.5
 102.2
 —

 (786.2)
 (1,169.2)
 340.9

 Earnings (loss) before income taxes
 25.9
 (2,997.8)
 (2,435.1)

 Income tax (expense) benefit (note 11)

 (24.6)
 233.4
 (23.6)

 1.3

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-10

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 2024
 2023
 2022

 1.3

 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (note 16):

 Defined benefit-related adjustments (note 15)

 (88.1)
 (61.1)
 (195.3)

 6.5
 (16.4)
 30.5

 Comprehensive loss

 (80.3)

 (2,841.9)

 (2,623.5)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-11

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OWNERS' EQUITY

 Additional
paid-in
capital
 Accumulated
(deficit) earnings
 Accumulated other
comprehensive loss,
net of taxes
 Total owners' equity

 Balance at 1 January 2024

 16,917.4

 (5,349.6)

 (208.7)

 11,359.1

 Net earnings
 —
 1.3
 —
 1.3

 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (notes 15 and 16)

 —
 —

 Share-based compensation (note 13)

 2.1
 —
 —
 2.1

 Dividends paid (note 12)

 (850.0)
 —
 —
 (850.0)

 Capital reduction (note 12) (a)

 (6,616.5)
 6,616.5
 —
 —

 Balance at 31 December 2024

 9,453.0

 1,268.2

 (290.3)

 10,430.9

 (a)On 24 May 2024, VMED O2 implemented a capital reduction to reduce the share premium reserve to nil and increase the accumulated (deficit) profit by 6,616.5 million The capital reduction was effective from 28 May 2024.

 Additional
paid-in
capital
 Accumulated
deficit
 Accumulated other
comprehensive loss,
net of taxes
 Total owners' equity

 Balance at 1 January 2023

 18,901.9

 (2,585.2)

 (131.2)

 16,185.5

 Net loss
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (notes 15 and 16)

 —
 —

 Share-based compensation (note 13)

 15.5
 —
 —
 15.5

 Dividends paid (note 12)

 (2,000.0)
 —
 —
 (2,000.0)

 Balance at 31 December 2023

 16,917.4

 (5,349.6)

 (208.7)

 11,359.1

 Additional
paid-in
capital
 Accumulated
deficit
 Accumulated other
comprehensive earnings (loss),
net of taxes
 Total owners' equity

 Balance at 1 January 2022

 20,476.3

 (126.5)

 33.6

 20,383.4

 Net loss
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (notes 15 and 16)

 —
 —

 Share-based compensation (note 13)

 25.6
 —
 —
 25.6

 Dividends paid (note 12)

 (1,600.0)
 —
 —
 (1,600.0)

 Balance at 31 December 2022

 18,901.9

 (2,585.2)

 (131.2)

 16,185.5

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-12

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 1.3

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Share-based compensation expense
 40.8
 24.9
 43.6

 Depreciation and amortisation
 2,591.3
 2,969.3
 3,320.7

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net
 79.6
 2,477.2
 3,120.9

 Amortisation of deferred financing costs and non-cash interest
 0.6
 (4.0)
 (9.6)

 Realised and unrealised (gains) losses on derivative instruments, net
 (392.3)
 804.0
 (2,188.2)

 Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net
 29.0
 (589.2)
 1,104.4

 Gains on debt extinguishment, net
 (2.2)
 (9.7)
 —

 Gains due to changes in ownership
 (48.5)
 —

 Share of results of affiliates, net
 (28.6)
 (72.8)
 (35.9)

 Deferred tax expense (benefit)
 7.3
 (232.9)
 66.9

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 274.6
 (153.8)
 (186.5)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 2,552.9
 2,346.4
 2,777.6

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Capital expenditures, net
 (854.5)
 (923.2)
 (1,290.8)

 Dividends received from affiliates
 40.1
 30.0
 15.0

 Repayments from affiliates
 —
 —
 187.5

 Other investing activities, net
 (7.0)
 (13.8)
 45.3

 Net cash used by investing activities

 (821.4)

 (907.0)

 (1,043.0)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-13

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Repayments and repurchases of debt and finance lease obligations:

 Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing

 (3,869.3)

 (2,395.3)

 (2,247.3)

 Principal payments on debt (excluding vendor financing)
 (2,216.0)
 (1,996.2)
 (869.0)

 Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing
 (1,367.4)
 (1,353.6)
 (860.6)

 Principal payments on finance leases
 (0.1)
 (12.6)
 (14.4)

 Borrowings of debt
 2,642.9
 3,318.5
 1,322.6

 Operating-related vendor financing additions
 3,951.4
 3,046.9
 2,315.3

 Dividends paid
 (850.0)
 (2,000.0)
 (1,600.0)

 Payment of financing costs and debt premiums
 (11.8)
 (15.3)
 (11.6)

 Net cash received (paid) related to derivative instruments
 4.1
 (9.1)
 381.2

 Repayments of related-party debt
 (133.2)
 —
 —

 Borrowings of related-party debt
 190.8
 —
 —

 Cash received from sale of investment (a)
 176.0
 359.5
 —

 Other financing activities, net
 (0.4)
 (0.8)
 (0.3)

 Net cash used by financing activities
 (1,483.0)
 (1,058.0)
 (1,584.1)

 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 (1.8)
 (7.8)
 3.4

 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 246.7
 373.6
 153.9

 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

 Beginning of year
 893.3
 519.7
 365.8

 End of year

 1,140.0

 893.3

 519.7

 Cash paid for interest

 1,376.1

 1,181.1

 812.4

 Net cash paid for income taxes

 9.7

 2.1

 2.8

 Details of end of year cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

 1,110.3

 849.9

 478.2

 Restricted cash included in other current assets and other assets, net
 29.7
 43.4
 41.5

 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 1,140.0

 893.3

 519.7

 (a)Cash received from the sale of investments has been reclassified from cash flows from investing activities to cash flows from financing activities. See further details in note 8.

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-14

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 (1) Basis of Presentation

 VMED O2 UK Limited (VMED O2) is an integrated communications provider of mobile, broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony services to residential customers and businesses in the United Kingdom (U.K.). In these notes, the terms "we," "our," "our Company" and "us" may refer, as the context requires, to VMED O2 or collectively to VMED O2 and its subsidiaries. As of 31 December 2024, the primary subsidiaries of VMED O2 include (i) Virgin Media Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, Virgin Media) and (ii) O2 Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, O2).

 VMED O2 is a 50:50 joint venture (the Joint Venture) that was formed on 1 June 2021 between Liberty Global Ltd. (Liberty Global) and Telef nica, SA (through Telef nica O2 Holdings Limited) (Telef nica) (the Shareholders) (the JV Transaction). Prior to the completion of the JV Transaction, (i) Virgin Media was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Liberty Global that provided fixed and mobile communications services in the U.K. and (ii) O2 was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Telef nica that provided mobile communications services in the U.K.

 These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). Unless otherwise indicated, convenience translations into pound sterling are calculated as of 31 December 2024.

 These consolidated financial statements reflect our consideration of the accounting and disclosure implications of subsequent events through 25 March 2025, the date of issuance.

 (2) Accounting Changes and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 Accounting Changes

 ASU 2022-04

 In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) ASU No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (ASU 2022-04), which requires additional disclosures for buyers participating in supplier financing programs, which we refer to as vendor financing, including (i) the key terms of the arrangement, (ii) the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, (iii) the balance sheet presentation of related amounts and (iv) a reconciliation of the balances from period to period. We adopted ASU 2022-04 on 1 January 2023, and such adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For additional information regarding our vendor financing obligations, see note 9.

 ASU 2021-08

 In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognised and measured in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. We adopted ASU 2021-08 on 1 January 2023. The main impact of the adoption of ASU 2021-08 is the recognition of contract assets and contract liabilities in future business combinations at amounts generally consistent with the carrying value of such assets and liabilities of the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date.

 ASU 2020-04

 In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides, for a limited time, optional expedients and exceptions for certain contract modifications that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the expiration date of ASU 2020-04 from 31 December 2022 to 31 December 2024. In accordance with the optional expedients in ASU 2020-04, we have modified all applicable debt agreements to replace LIBOR with another reference rate and applied the practical expedient to account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract. The use of optional expedients in ASU 2020-04 has not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date. For additional information regarding our debt, see note 9.

 IV-15

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 ASU 2024-03

 In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) (ASU 2024-03), which requires disclosure of certain categories of expenses such as the purchase of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are components of existing expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after 15 December 2026 and interim periods beginning after 15 December 2027, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on our disclosures.

 ASU 2023-09

 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which is intended to enhance the transparency of income tax matters within financial statements, providing stakeholders with a clearer understanding of an entity's operations and the associated tax risks. ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities to disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. There is a further requirement that public business entities will need to disclose a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after 15 December 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 will result in modifications to our income tax disclosures beginning in 2025.

 ASU 2023-05

 In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05, Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations: Recognition and Initial Measurement (ASU 2023-05), which outlines updates to the formation of entities that meet the definition of a joint venture as defined by the FASB. ASU 2023-05 requires a joint venture to measure its assets and liabilities at fair value upon formation. ASU 2023-05 is effective prospectively for joint venture formations with a formation date on or after 1 January 2025. We do not expect ASU 2023-05 to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 (3) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 Estimates

 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, amongst other things, the valuation of acquisition-related assets and liabilities, allowances for doubtful accounts, certain components of revenue, deferred income taxes and related valuation allowances, loss contingencies, fair value measurements, impairment assessments, capitalisation of internal costs associated with construction and installation activities, useful lives of long-lived assets, share-based compensation and actuarial liabilities associated with certain benefit plans. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 Principles of Consolidation

 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We also consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest based on either the variable interest entity (VIE) or voting interest model. We are required to first apply the VIE model to determine whether we hold a variable interest in an entity, and if so, whether the entity is a VIE. If we determine we do hold a variable interest in a VIE, we then apply the voting interest model. Under the voting interest model, we consolidate an entity when we hold a majority voting interest in an entity. We account for investments in which we have significant influence, but not a controlling financial interest, using the equity method of accounting.

 An entity is considered to be a VIE if any of the following conditions exist: (i) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) the holders of the
 IV-16

 equity investment at risk, as a group, lack either the direct or indirect ability through voting rights or similar rights to make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity or the obligation to absorb the entity's expected losses or right to receive the entity's expected residual returns or (iii) the voting rights of some equity investors are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses of the entity, their rights to receive returns from an entity, or both and substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights.

 We consolidate entities that are VIEs when we determine we are the primary beneficiary. Generally, the primary beneficiary of a VIE is a reporting entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

 Cash equivalents consist of money market funds and other investments that are readily convertible into cash and have maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. We record money market funds at the net asset value as there are no restrictions on our ability, contractual or otherwise, to redeem our investments at the stated net asset value.

 Restricted cash consists of cash held in restricted accounts, including cash held in escrow related to our National Transcommunications Limited Pension Plan (NTL) pension plans (as defined and described in note 15). Restricted cash amounts that are required to be used to purchase long-term assets or repay long-term debt are classified as long-term assets. All other cash that is restricted to a specific use is classified as current or long-term based on the expected timing of the disbursement.

 Our significant non-cash investing and financing activities are disclosed in our consolidated statements of owners' equity and in notes 7, 10 and 14.

 Cash Flow Statement
 For purposes of our consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. When we pay the financing intermediary, we record financing cash outflows in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

 The capital expenditures we report in our consolidated statements of cash flows do not include amounts that are financed under capital-related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements. Instead, these amounts are reflected as non-cash additions to our property, plant and equipment when the underlying assets are delivered, and as repayments of debt when the principal is repaid.

 Trade Receivables

 Our trade receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated 95.1 million and 46.8 million at 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our current estimate of lifetime expected credit losses related to uncollectible accounts receivable. We use a number of factors in determining the allowance, including, amongst other things, collection trends, prevailing and anticipated economic conditions and specific customer credit risk. The allowance is maintained until either payment is received or the likelihood of collection is considered to be remote.

 Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited due to our large number of residential and business customers. We also manage this risk by reducing or disconnecting services to customers whose accounts are delinquent.

 Investments

 We make elections, on an investment-by-investment basis, as to whether we measure our investments at fair value. Such elections are generally irrevocable. With the exception of those investments over which we exercise significant influence, we would generally elect the fair value method. For those investments over which we exercise significant influence, we generally
 IV-17

 elect the equity method. All VMED O2 investments held at 31 December 2024 and 2023 are investments that we exercise significant influence over and as such, have been accounted for under the equity method.

 Under the equity method, investments are originally recorded at cost and are subsequently adjusted to recognise our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur. All costs directly associated with the acquisition of an investment to be accounted for under the equity method are included in the carrying amount of the investment. Upon disposition, a gain or loss is recognised for the difference between the selling price and the carrying amount of the equity method investment. For additional information regarding our equity method investments, see note 8.

 Dividends from our equity method investees are reflected as reductions in the carrying values of the applicable investments. Dividends that are deemed to be (i) returns on our investments are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows and (ii) returns of our investments are included in cash flows from investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

 We continually review all of our equity method investments to determine whether a decline in fair value below the cost basis is deemed other-than-temporary. The primary factors we consider in our determination are the extent and length of time that the fair value of the investment is below our Company's carrying value and the financial condition, operating performance and near-term prospects of the investee. If the decline in fair value of an equity method investment is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis would be written down to fair value and the corresponding charge is reported in share of results of affiliates, net, in our consolidated statements of operations.

 Financial Instruments

 Due to the short maturities of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term liquid investments, trade and other receivables, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other accrued and current liabilities, their respective carrying values approximate their respective fair values. For information concerning the fair values of our derivatives, see note 5. For information regarding how we arrive at certain of our fair value measurements, see note 6.

 Derivative Instruments

 All derivative instruments, whether designated as hedging relationships or not, are recorded as assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. If the derivative instrument is not designated as a hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are recognised in earnings or loss. If the derivative instrument is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are recorded in other comprehensive earnings or loss and subsequently reclassified into our consolidated statements of operations when the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognised in earnings or loss. We generally do not apply hedge accounting to our derivative instruments.

 The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows. For derivative contracts that are terminated prior to maturity, the cash paid or received upon termination that relates to future periods is classified as a financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 5.

 Property, Plant and Equipment

 Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. We capitalise costs associated with the construction of new, or upgrades to existing, fixed and mobile transmission and distribution facilities and the installation of new fixed-line services. Capitalised construction and installation costs include materials, labour and other directly attributable costs. Installation activities that are capitalised include (i) the initial connection (or drop) from our fixed-line system to a customer location, (ii) the replacement of a drop and (iii) the installation of equipment for new, or upgrades to existing, fixed and mobile services. The costs of other customer-facing activities, such as reconnecting and disconnecting customer locations and repairing or maintaining drops, are expensed as incurred. We capitalise interest with respect to construction activities where material. There was no such capitalisation during any of the periods presented.
 IV-18

 Capitalised internal-use software is included as a component of property, plant and equipment. We capitalise internal and external costs directly associated with the development of internal-use software. We also capitalise costs associated with the purchase of software licenses. Maintenance and training costs, as well as costs incurred during the preliminary stage of an internal-use software development project, are expensed as incurred.

 Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Equipment under finance leases is amortised on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Useful lives used to depreciate our property, plant and equipment are assessed periodically and are adjusted when warranted. The useful lives of fixed and mobile distribution systems that are undergoing a rebuild are adjusted such that property, plant and equipment to be retired will be fully depreciated by the time the rebuild is completed. For additional information regarding the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment, see note 7.

 Additions, replacements and improvements that extend the asset life are capitalised. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations.

 We recognise a liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which it is incurred if sufficient information is available to make a reasonable estimate of fair values. Asset retirement obligations may arise from the loss of rights of way that we obtain from local municipalities or other relevant authorities, as well as our obligations under certain lease arrangements to restore the property to its original condition at the end of the lease term. Given the nature of our operations, most of our rights of way and certain leased premises are considered integral to our business. Accordingly, for most of our rights of way and certain lease agreements, the possibility is remote that we will incur significant removal costs in the foreseeable future and, as such, we do not have sufficient information to make a reasonable estimate of fair value for these asset retirement obligations.

 As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the recorded value of our asset retirement obligations was 46.6 million and 64.2 million, respectively.

 Intangible Assets

 Our primary intangible assets relate to goodwill, customer relationships, mobile spectrum licenses and software licenses. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets with finite lives, including customer relationships are initially recorded at their fair value in connection with business combinations.

 Goodwill is not amortised, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets with finite lives, including customer relationships, are amortised on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed for impairment.

 For additional information regarding the useful lives of our intangible assets, see note 7.

 Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets

 When circumstances warrant, we review the carrying amounts of our property, plant and equipment and our intangible assets (other than goodwill) to determine whether such carrying amounts continue to be recoverable. Such changes in circumstance may include (i) an expectation of a sale or disposal of a long-lived asset or asset group, (ii) adverse changes in market or competitive conditions, (iii) an adverse change in legal factors or business climate in the markets in which we operate and (iv) operating or cash flow losses. For purposes of impairment testing, long-lived assets are grouped at the lowest level for which cash flows are largely independent of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of the asset or asset group is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by such asset or asset group, an impairment adjustment is recognised. Such adjustment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. We generally measure fair value by considering (a) sale prices for similar assets, (b) discounted estimated future cash flows using an appropriate discount rate and/or (c) estimated replacement cost. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

 IV-19

 We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever facts and circumstances indicate that a reporting unit's carrying amount may not be recoverable. If it is more-likely-than-not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment whereby we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its respective carrying amount. Any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value would be charged to operations as an impairment loss. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a "component").

 Leases

 For leases with a term greater than 12 months, we recognise on the lease commencement date (i) right-of-use (ROU) assets representing our right to use an underlying asset and (ii) lease liabilities representing our obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. Lease and non-lease components in a contract are generally accounted for separately.

 We initially measure lease liabilities at the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. Options to extend or terminate the lease are included only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. As most of our leases do not provide enough information to determine an implicit interest rate, we generally use a portfolio level incremental borrowing rate in our present value calculation. We initially measure ROU assets at the value of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, less any lease incentives received.

 With respect to our finance leases, (i) ROU assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the asset and (ii) interest expense on the lease liability is recorded using the effective interest method. Operating lease expense is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases), we do not recognise ROU assets or lease liabilities. Short-term lease expense is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 Income Taxes

 Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. We recognise deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, using enacted tax rates in effect for each taxing jurisdiction in which we operate for the year in which the related deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We recognise the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Recognised tax positions are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realised upon settlement. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realised. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognised in earnings or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax liabilities related to investments in foreign subsidiaries and foreign corporate joint ventures that are essentially permanent in duration are not recognised if the indefinite reinvestment criterion is met. In order to be considered indefinitely reinvested, sufficient evidence must indicate that the foreign subsidiary has invested or will invest its undistributed earnings indefinitely, or that earnings will be remitted in a tax-free manner. United States (U.S.) tax law has a requirement, known as global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), that certain income earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included in the gross income of their U.S. shareholder. We have elected to treat the tax effect of GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred. Interest and penalties related to income taxes are included in income tax benefit or expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

 For additional information regarding our income taxes, see note 11.

 Employee Benefits — Retirement Benefit Obligations

 We operate both defined benefit and defined contribution plans. A defined benefit plan is a pension plan that sets the amount of pension benefit an employee will receive upon retirement, usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service and compensation. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which VMED O2 makes contributions on behalf of employees to their individual pension accounts which are held by a third-party trustee. The ultimate benefit the employee will receive upon retirement is dependent on the contributions made during the employee's service period as well as the performance of the investments in each employee's individual account. After an employee's service period has ended, VMED O2 has no further obligation to contribute to a defined contribution plan. Only our defined contributions schemes remain open to new participants.
 IV-20

 For our defined benefit plans, we recognise each pension or post retirement plan's funded status as either an asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheets. The net pension asset or net pension liability recognised represents the present value of the projected benefit obligation less the fair value of the plan assets at the reporting date. The projected benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the projected benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high quality corporate bonds. The corporate bonds used for this calculation are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and have terms to maturity approximating the term of the projected benefit obligation. Expected return on plan assets is determined by applying the return on assets assumptions to the actual fair value of plan assets.

 Actuarial gains and losses are measured annually as of 31 December, or upon a remeasurement event, and are recognised within other comprehensive earnings or loss. The net actuarial gain or loss recorded in other comprehensive earnings or loss is subject to the "corridor" rule. The corridor is calculated as 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of the plan assets. The amount of the net actuarial gain or loss in excess of the corridor is amortised on a straight-line basis to the income statement over the average remaining service period of plan participants. During the period this "corridor" threshold has not been reached; therefore, no portion of the net actuarial gain in other comprehensive earnings or loss has been released to the consolidated statements of operations. We also recognise any prior service costs and credits that from changes in the plan benefits during the period as a component of other comprehensive earnings or loss, net of applicable income tax. Prior service costs and credits are amortised over the average remaining service period of the employees expected to receive benefits.

 Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

 Transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional currencies are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Changes in exchange rates with respect to amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheets related to these non-functional currency transactions result in transaction gains and losses that are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as unrealised (based on the applicable period end exchange rates) or realised upon settlement of the transactions.

 Revenue Recognition

 Subscription Revenue — Fixed-line Networks. We recognise revenue from the provision of broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony services over our fixed-line network to customers in the period the related services are provided, with the exception of revenue recognised pursuant to certain contracts that contain promotional discounts, as described below. Installation fees related to services provided over our fixed-line network are generally deferred and recognised as revenue over the contractual period, or longer if the upfront fee results in a material renewal right.

 Sale of Multiple Products and Services. We sell broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and mobile services to our customers in bundled packages at a lower rate and/or with additional benefits than if the customer purchased each product on a standalone basis. Revenue from bundled packages is allocated proportionally to the individual products or services based on the relative standalone selling price for each respective product or service.

 Mobile Revenue — General. Consideration from mobile contracts is allocated to the airtime service component and the handset component based on the relative standalone selling prices of each component. When we offer handsets and airtime services in separate contracts entered into at the same time, we account for these contracts as a single contract.

 Mobile Revenue — Airtime Services. We recognise revenue from mobile services in the period in which the related services are provided. Revenue from prepaid customers is deferred prior to the commencement of services and recognised as the services are rendered or usage rights expire.

 Mobile Revenue — Handset Revenue. Revenue from the sale of handsets is recognised at the point in which the goods have been transferred to the customer. Some of our mobile handset contracts that permit the customer to take control of the handset upfront and pay for the handset in instalments over a contractual period may contain a significant financing component. For contracts with terms of one year or more, we recognise any significant financing component as revenue over the contractual period using the effective interest method. We do not record the effect of a significant financing component if the contractual period is less than one year.
 IV-21

 B2B Revenue — Business-to-business (B2B) contracts are comprised of multiple elements, bespoke to the customer. In line with our recognition of revenue for consumer services, where multiple products and services are sold in a B2B environment, we allocate revenue proportionally to each performance obligation within the contract based on the relative standalone selling price, recognising revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. For hardware sales, revenue is recognised on transfer of the asset. For connectivity services, revenue is recognised over the contract period as the service is used by the customer. We defer upfront installation and certain non-recurring fees received on B2B contracts where we maintain ownership of the installed equipment. The deferred fees are amortised into revenue on a straight line basis, generally over the longer of the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance. From time to time, we also enter into agreements with certain B2B customers pursuant to which they are provided the right to use certain elements of our network. If these agreements are determined to contain a lease that meets the criteria to be considered a finance lease, we recognise revenue from the lease component when control of the network element is transferred to the customer.

 Other Revenue. Other revenue, excluding construction revenue discussed separately below, consists of ancillary sales linked to the principal activity of the business discussed above e.g. insurance sales, mobile and accessories and the Smart Meter Implementation Programme (SMIP). This revenue is recognised on the provision of both goods and services, with revenue recognition on delivery of each separate performance obligation.

 Construction Revenue. We recognise revenue from the provision of construction services with the respective service providers. For construction partner services, revenue for construction partner costs and materials are recognised on a gross basis as the performance obligations are completed, at the point in time when control is transferred to the service provider. For construction management services and metro connectivity projects, revenue is recognised gross over the period in which services are performed.

 Contract Costs. Incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer, such as incremental sales commissions, are generally recognised as assets and amortised to SG&A expenses over the applicable period benefited, which generally is the contract life. If, however, the amortisation period is less than one year, we expense such costs in the period incurred. Contract fulfilment costs, such as costs for installation activities for B2B customers, are recognised as assets and amortised to other operating costs over the applicable period benefited, which is generally the substantive contract term for the related service contract.

 Promotional Discounts. For subscriber promotions, such as discounted or free services during an introductory period, revenue is recognised uniformly over the contractual period if the contract has substantive termination penalties. If a contract does not have substantive termination penalties, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the discounted monthly fees charged to the subscriber, if any.

 Subscriber Advance Payments. Payments received in advance for the services we provide are deferred and recognised as revenue when the associated services are provided.

 Sales and Other Value-Added Taxes (VAT). Revenue is recorded net of applicable sales and other VAT.

 For additional information regarding our revenue recognition and related costs, see note 4. For a disaggregation of our revenue by major category, see note 18.

 Share-based Compensation

 We recognise all share-based and long-term incentive payments from Liberty Global and Telef nica to our employees, including grants of employee share-based incentive awards, on a fair value basis. We recognise share-based compensation expense as a charge to operations over the vesting period using the accelerated expense attribution method. Our outstanding share awards contain a performance condition and vest on a graded basis. Where borne by our Company, payroll taxes incurred in connection with the vesting or exercise of share-based incentive awards are recorded as a component of share-based compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

 For additional information regarding our share-based compensation, see note 13.

 IV-22

 (4) Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

 Contract Balances

 If we transfer goods or services to a customer but do not have an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset. Contract assets typically arise from the uniform recognition of introductory promotional discounts over the contract period and accrued revenue for handset sales. Our contract assets were 759.0 million and 722.6 million as of 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our contract assets are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 We record a contract liability when we receive payment prior to transferring goods or services to a customer, primarily for (i) installation and other upfront services and (ii) other services that are invoiced prior to when services are provided. Our contract liabilities were 490.0 million and 583.9 million as of 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognised revenue of 485.3 million, 518.4 million and 545.2 million, respectively, that was included in our contract liability balance at 31 December 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our contract liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 Contract Costs

 Our aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain and fulfil our contracts were 139.4 million and 153.5 million at 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our assets related to contract costs are included within other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. We amortised 179.1 million, 156.1 million and 102.0 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to operating costs and expenses related to these assets.

 Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

 Revenue from customers who are subject to contracts is generally recognised over the term of such contracts, which is typically one to three years for our mobile and fixed service contracts, one to five years for our B2B service contracts and one to six years for other contracts.

 The total future revenue from the remaining terms of our contracts with customers for performance obligations not yet delivered to those customers was estimated to be 7,462.8 million, 6,942.3 million and 7,272.0 million at 31 December 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 IV-23

 (5) Derivative Instruments

 In general, we enter into derivative instruments to protect against (i) increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt and (ii) foreign currency movements, particularly with respect to borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the borrowing entity. In this regard, we have entered into various derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposure and foreign currency exposure with respect to the U.S. dollar ($) and the euro (). Generally, we do not apply hedge accounting to our derivative instruments. Accordingly, changes in the fair values of most of our derivative instruments are recorded in realised and unrealised gains or losses on derivative instruments, net, in our consolidated statements of operations.

 The following table provides details of the fair values of our derivative instrument assets and liabilities:

 31 December 2023

 Long-term
 Total
 Long-term
 Total

 Assets (a):

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)

 462.7

 808.2

 1,270.9

 420.1

 825.3

 1,245.4

 Foreign currency forward and option contracts

 0.9
 —
 0.9
 0.5
 —
 0.5

 Total

 463.6

 808.2

 1,271.8

 420.6

 825.3

 1,245.9

 Liabilities (a):

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)

 490.0

 268.7

 758.7

 367.2

 544.0

 911.2

 Foreign currency forward and option contracts
 1.6
 —
 1.6
 0.4
 —
 0.4

 Total

 491.6

 268.7

 760.3

 367.6

 544.0

 911.6

 (a)Our long-term derivative assets, current derivative liabilities and long-term derivative liabilities are included in other assets, net, other accrued and current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 (b)We consider credit risk relating to our and our counterparties' non-performance in the fair value assessment of our derivative instruments. In all cases, the adjustments take into account offsetting liability or asset positions. The changes in the credit risk valuation adjustments associated with our cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts resulted in net (losses) gains of ( 28.8 million), 44.7 million and ( 112.9 million) during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in realised and unrealised gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, in our consolidated statements of operations. For additional information regarding our fair value measurements, see note 6.

 The details of our realised and unrealised gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts

 395.5

 (796.0)

 2,190.2

 Foreign currency forward and option contracts
 (3.2)
 (8.0)
 (2.0)

 Total

 392.3

 (804.0)

 2,188.2

 IV-24

 The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows. The following table sets forth the classification of the net cash inflows of our derivative instruments:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating activities

 211.0

 242.9

 3.4

 Financing activities
 4.1
 (9.1)
 381.2

 Total

 215.1

 233.8

 384.6

 Counterparty Credit Risk

 We are exposed to the risk that the counterparties to our derivative instruments will default on their obligations to us. We manage these credit risks through the evaluation and monitoring of the creditworthiness of, and concentration of risk with, the respective counterparties. In this regard, credit risk associated with our derivative instruments is spread across a relatively broad counterparty base of banks and financial institutions. Collateral is generally not posted by either party under our derivative instruments. At 31 December 2024 and 2023, our exposure to counterparty credit risk included derivative assets with an aggregate fair value of 529.9 million and 567.9 million, respectively.

 We have entered into derivative instruments under master agreements with each counterparty that contain master netting arrangements that are applicable in the event of early termination by either party to such derivative instrument. The master netting arrangements are limited to the derivative instruments governed by the relevant master agreement and are independent of similar arrangements.

 Under our derivative contracts, it is generally only the non-defaulting party that has a contractual option to exercise early termination rights upon the default of the other counterparty and to set off other liabilities against sums due upon such termination. However, in an insolvency of a derivative counterparty, under the laws of certain jurisdictions, the defaulting counterparty or its insolvency representatives may be able to compel the termination of one or more derivative contracts and trigger early termination payment liabilities payable by us, reflecting any mark-to-market value of the contracts for the counterparty. Alternatively, or in addition, the insolvency laws of certain jurisdictions may require the mandatory set off of amounts due under such derivative contracts against present and future liabilities owed to us under other contracts between us and the relevant counterparty. Accordingly, it is possible that we may be subject to obligations to make payments, or may have present or future liabilities owed to us partially or fully discharged by set off as a result of such obligations, in the event of the insolvency of a derivative counterparty, even though it is the counterparty that is in default and not us. To the extent that we are required to make such payments, our ability to do so will depend on our liquidity and capital resources at the time. In an insolvency of a defaulting counterparty, we will be an unsecured creditor in respect of any amount owed to us by the defaulting counterparty, except to the extent of the value of any collateral we have obtained from that counterparty.

 In addition, where a counterparty is in financial difficulty, under the laws of certain jurisdictions, the relevant regulators may be able to (i) compel the termination of one or more derivative instruments, determine the settlement amount and/or compel, without any payment, the partial or full discharge of liabilities arising from such early termination that are payable by the relevant counterparty or (ii) transfer the derivative instruments to an alternative counterparty.

 IV-25

 Details of our Derivative Instruments

 Cross-currency Swap Contracts

 We generally match the denomination of our borrowings with the functional currency of the supporting operations or, when it is more cost effective, we provide for an economic hedge against foreign currency exchange rate movements by using derivative instruments to synthetically convert unmatched debt into the applicable underlying currency. At 31 December 2024, substantially all of our debt was either directly or synthetically matched to the functional currency of the borrowing entity. The following table sets forth the total notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our cross-currency swap contracts at 31 December 2024:

 Notional amount due from
 Notional amount due to
 Weighted average
remaining life

 in years

 $
 16,502.9

 13,052.9
 (a)
 2.9

 4,420.0

 3,935.8
 4.6

 1,005.5
 $
 1,445.0
 (b)
 0.1

 $
 500.0

 394.2
 0.5

 $
 166.6

 150.0
 3.5

 (a)Includes certain derivative instruments that are "forward-starting," such that the initial exchange occurs at a date subsequent to 31 December 2024. These instruments are typically entered into in order to extend existing hedges without the need to amend existing contracts.

 (b)Includes certain derivative instruments that do not involve the exchange of notional amounts at the inception and maturity of the instruments. Accordingly, the only cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are coupon-related payments and receipts.

 Interest Rate Swap Contracts

 The following table sets forth the total pound sterling equivalents of the notional amounts and the related weighted average remaining contractual lives of our interest rate swap contracts at 31 December 2024:

 Pay fixed rate (a)
 Receive fixed rate

 Notional amount
 Weighted average
remaining life
 Notional amount
 Weighted average
remaining life

 in years
 in years

 12,779.5
 2.8

 4,609.2
 0.6

 (a)Includes forward-starting derivative instruments.

 Interest Rate Swap Options

 From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap options (swaptions), which give us the right, but not the obligation, to enter into certain interest rate swap contracts at set dates in the future. Such contracts typically have a life of no more than three years. At the transaction date, the strike rate of each of these contracts was above the corresponding market rate. As of 31 December 2024, the option expiration period on each of our swaptions had expired.

 IV-26

 Basis Swaps

 Our basis swaps involve the exchange of attributes used to calculate our floating interest rates, including (i) the benchmark rate, (ii) the underlying currency and/or (iii) the borrowing period. We typically enter into these swaps to optimise our interest rate profile based on our current evaluations of yield curves, our risk management policies and other factors. At 31 December 2024, the total pound sterling equivalent of the notional amount due from the counterparty, including forward-starting derivative instruments, was 5,509.6 million and the related weighted average remaining contractual life was 0.6 years.

 Interest Rate Caps and Floors

 From time to time, we enter into interest rate cap and floor agreements. Purchased interest rate caps lock in a maximum interest rate if variable rates rise, but also allow our Company to benefit from declines in market rates. Purchased interest rate floors protect us from interest rates falling below a certain level, generally to match a floating rate floor on a debt instrument. At 31 December 2024, the pound sterling equivalent of the notional amounts of our purchased interest rate caps and floors were 1,270.0 million and 3,132.9 million, respectively.

 Impact of Derivative Instruments on Borrowing Costs

 Excluding forward-starting instruments, the impact of the derivative instruments that mitigate our foreign currency and interest rate risk were decreases of 93 basis points and 95 basis points to our borrowing costs as of 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 There have been significant changes in the benchmark interest rates used to set floating rates on our debt and derivative instruments. ICE Benchmark Administration (the entity that administers LIBOR) ceased to publish GBP LIBOR rates after 31 December 2021, and it ceased to publish USD LIBOR rates after 30 June 2023. The methodology for EURIBOR has been reformed and has been granted regulatory approval to continue to be used.

 We have agreed amendments in respect of all of our debt and derivative instruments to replace the ceased rates. For GBP, these reference the Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA). For USD, these reference the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (Term SOFR) administered by Federal Reserve Bank of New York or Term SOFR administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited.

 Foreign Currency Forwards and Options

 We enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with respect to non-functional currency exposure. As of 31 December 2024, the total notional amount of our foreign currency forward and option contracts was 263.8 million.

 (6) Fair Value Measurements

 We use the fair value method to account for our derivative instruments. The reported fair values of these instruments as of 31 December 2024 are unlikely to represent the value that will be paid or received upon the ultimate settlement or disposition of these assets and liabilities.

 GAAP provides for a fair value hierarchy that prioritises the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We record transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 at the beginning of the quarter during which the transfer occurred. During 2024, material transfers were made relating to the pension buy-in. See note 15 for further details.

 All of our Level 2 inputs (interest rate futures, swap rates and certain of the inputs for our weighted average cost of capital calculations) and certain of our Level 3 inputs (forecasted volatilities and credit spreads) are obtained from pricing services. These inputs, or interpolations or extrapolations thereof, are used in our internal models to calculate, amongst other items, yield curves, forward interest and currency rates and weighted average cost of capital rates. In the normal course of business, we
 IV-27

 receive market value assessments from the counterparties to our derivative contracts. Although we compare these assessments to our internal valuations and investigate unexpected differences, we do not otherwise rely on counterparty quotes to determine the fair values of our derivative instruments. The midpoints of applicable bid and ask ranges generally are used as inputs for our internal valuations.

 In order to manage our interest rate and foreign currency exchange risk, we have entered into various derivative instruments, as further described in note 5. The recurring fair value measurements of these instruments are determined using discounted cash flow models. Most of the inputs to these discounted cash flow models consist of, or are derived from, observable Level 2 data for substantially the full term of these instruments. This observable data mostly includes currency rates, interest rate futures and swap rates, which are retrieved or derived from available market data. Although we may extrapolate or interpolate this data, we do not otherwise alter this data in performing our valuations. We use a Monte Carlo based approach to incorporate a credit risk valuation adjustment in our fair value measurements to estimate the impact of both our own non-performance risk and the non-performance risk of our counterparties. The inputs used for our credit risk valuations, including our and our counterparties' credit spreads, represent our most significant Level 3 inputs, and these inputs are used to derive the credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to these instruments. As we would not expect these parameters to have a significant impact on the valuations of these instruments, we have determined that these valuations fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Our credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to our cross-currency and interest rate swaps are quantified and further explained in note 5.

 Fair value measurements are also used for non-recurring valuations performed in connection with acquisition accounting and impairment assessments. These non-recurring valuations primarily include intangible assets subject to amortisation, including customer relationships and mobile spectrum licenses, property, plant and equipment and the implied value of goodwill. The valuation of customer relationships is primarily based on an excess earnings methodology, which is a form of a discounted cash flow analysis. The excess earnings methodology requires us to estimate the specific cash flows expected from the customer relationship, considering such factors as estimated customer life, the revenue expected to be generated over the life of the customer relationship, contributory asset charges and other factors. Tangible assets are typically valued using a replacement or reproduction cost approach, considering factors such as current prices of the same or similar equipment, the age of the equipment and economic obsolescence. The implied value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination, with the residual amount allocated to goodwill. All of our non-recurring valuations, except for third-party debt, use significant unobservable inputs and therefore fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

 At 31 December 2024 and 2023, all of our derivatives instruments fell under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 IV-28

 (7) Long-lived Assets

 Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 The details of our property, plant and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are set forth below:

 Estimated
 useful life at

 2024
 2023

 Plant and machinery
 2 to 30 years

 10,388.9

 9,341.3

 Computer equipment, tools and other items
 3 to 11 years
 2,889.0
 2,731.4

 Plant and equipment in progress
 N/A
 1,221.4
 910.0

 Land and buildings
 2 to 50 years
 467.6
 458.0

 Total property, plant and equipment, gross
 14,966.9
 13,440.7

 Accumulated depreciation
 (6,047.9)
 (4,920.2)

 Total property, plant and equipment, net

 8,919.0

 8,520.5

 Depreciation expense related to our property, plant and equipment was 1,651.7 million, 2,019.5 million and 2,371.2 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash increases to our property, plant and equipment related to vendor financing arrangements of 698.9 million, 691.5 million and 759.9 million, respectively, which excludes related VAT of 131.4 million, 132.7 million and 145.6 million, respectively, that were also financed under these arrangements.

 Goodwill

 Our goodwill represents the equity of the Joint Venture contributed businesses in excess of the fair value of our net identifiable assets and liabilities. During the fourth quarters of 2023 and 2022, we recorded goodwill impairments of 2.3 billion and 3.1 billion, respectively, in our GAAP consolidated financial statements. There was no goodwill impairment expense in the current period. The historic impairments recorded primarily related to (i) declining reported EBITDA resulting from the effects of the broader macroeconomic environment in the U.K., (ii) declines in current earnings multiples for comparable companies and (iii) declines in control premium for comparable transactions. We considered a market approach in determining the fair value estimate whereby the key inputs used were (a) current earnings multiples of comparable companies available publicly and (b) a judgmental control premium benchmarked against comparable transactions. The changes in our goodwill for the indicated periods are summarised below (in millions):

 1 January 2022

 20,798.8

 Impairment
 (3,058.0)

 31 December 2022
 17,740.8

 Impairment
 (2,344.0)

 31 December 2023

 15,396.8

 IV-29

 Intangible Assets Subject to Amortisation, Net
 The details of our intangible assets subject to amortisation are set forth below:

 Estimated useful life
 Gross carrying amount
 Accumulated amortisation
 Net carrying amount

 Customer relationships
 9 years

 7,713.0

 (3,070.9)

 4,642.1

 Telecoms licenses and other (a)
 20 years
 1,486.7
 (367.0)
 1,119.7

 Total

 9,199.7

 (3,437.9)

 5,761.8

 31 December 2023

 Estimated useful life
 Gross carrying amount
 Accumulated amortisation
 Net carrying amount

 Customer relationships
 9 years

 7,713.0

 (2,213.9)

 5,499.1

 Telecoms licenses and other (a)
 20 years
 1,460.5
 (262.4)
 1,198.1

 Total

 9,173.5

 (2,476.3)

 6,697.2

 (a)Amounts primarily relate to mobile spectrum licenses associated with the mobile operations of O2.

 Amortisation expense related to intangible assets with finite useful lives was 939.6 million, 949.8 million and 949.5 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on our amortisable intangible asset balance at 31 December 2024, we expect that amortisation expense will be as follows for the next five years and thereafter (in millions):

 2025

 930.1

 2026
 930.1

 2027
 930.1

 2028
 930.1

 2029
 930.1

 1,111.3

 Total

 5,761.8

 IV-30

 (8) Investments

 The details of our investments, including our share of results of affiliates, are set forth below:

 Cornerstone (a)

 Tesco Mobile (b)

 Total (c)

 1 January 2022

 730.3

 8.9

 739.2

 Share of results of affiliates
 35.2
 0.7
 35.9

 Dividends
 (15.0)
 —
 (15.0)

 31 December 2022

 750.5
 9.6
 760.1

 Share of results of affiliates
 71.2
 1.6
 72.8

 Disposal (a)
 (257.3)
 —
 (257.3)

 Dividends
 —

 31 December 2023

 534.4
 11.2
 545.6

 Share of results of affiliates
 25.4
 3.2
 28.6

 Disposal (a)
 (127.4)
 —
 (127.4)

 Dividends (d)
 (40.1)
 —
 (40.1)

 392.3

 14.4

 406.7

 (a)Our ownership percentages are determined based on our legal ownership as of the most recent balance sheet date.

 As at 31 December 2024, VMED O2 is the majority shareholder (50.01%) of the Granstone group (consisting of Granstone Holdco Limited (Granstone), its direct subsidiary O2 Networks Limited (O2 Networks), and O2 Networks' 50% shareholding in Cornerstone Telecommunications Infrastructure Limited (Cornerstone) which is accounted for under the equity method). The non-controlling shareholders are GLIL Infrastructure LLP (GLIL) and Equitix Investment Management Limited (Equitix).

 In 2023 VMED O2 sold a 33.33% stake in Granstone (representing 16.66% of Cornerstone) to GLIL for which we received a cash consideration of 359.5 million. This transaction is viewed as an equity transaction and therefore the 359.5 million cash proceeds, which were previously disclosed as an investing activity, are now disclosed as a financing activity. The prior year numbers in the consolidated statements of cash flows have been restated accordingly.

 In September 2024, VMED O2 entered into a sale and purchase agreement to sell an additional 16.66% stake in Granstone, (representing 8.33% of Cornerstone), for a cash consideration of approximately 186 million to the non-controlling shareholders. This follows on from, and is along equivalent terms to, the previous sale in 2023.

 In November 2024, the transaction completed and VMED O2 received 186 million in cash proceeds from the sale and immediately paid 9.9 million held in trust (see footnote (d)) to the non-controlling shareholders.

 Cornerstone remains a critical supplier to VMED O2 and these transactions have not impacted the existing commercial network sharing agreement between Vodafone and VMED O2, which sees the two companies share radio equipment across certain areas of the country.

 (b)As of 31 December 2024, we own 50% of Tesco Mobile Limited (Tesco Mobile). We have determined our 50% interest in Tesco Mobile, a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), to be classified as a joint venture (the Tesco Mobile JV) and accounted for under the equity method in our consolidated financial statements.

 (c)The assets associated with our equity method investments are included within other assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 IV-31

 (d)In October 2024, Cornerstone declared and paid a 60.0 million dividend to O2 Networks, which in turn paid a dividend of 59.85 million to Granstone. Subsequently, Granstone paid a dividend of 59.7 million to its shareholders in the proportion of their shareholdings at the time, with VMED O2's portion being 39.8 million, of which 9.9 million would be held in trust and paid to the non-controlling shareholders upon completion of the transaction as per the terms of the sale and purchase agreement.

 (9) Debt

 The pound sterling equivalents of the components of our third-party debt are as follows:

 Weighted average interest
rate (a)
 Unused borrowing capacity (b)
 Principal amount

 2024
 2023

 VMED O2 Credit Facilities (c)
 6.98
 %

 1,378.0

 7,671.6

 8,082.6

 VMED O2 Senior Secured Notes
 4.77
 %
 —
 8,798.1
 7,999.1

 VMED O2 Senior Notes
 4.55
 %
 —
 1,152.2
 1,158.3

 Vendor financing (d)
 5.71
 %
 —
 3,400.8
 3,496.3

 Other
 6.37
 %
 —
 320.3
 293.7

 Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums (e)
 5.72
 %

 1,378.0

 21,343.0

 21,030.0

 The following table provides a reconciliation of total third-party debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums to total debt and finance lease obligations:

 2024
 2023

 Total debt before deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums

 21,343.0

 21,030.0

 Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net

 (8.5)
 7.1

 Total carrying amount of debt
 21,334.5
 21,037.1

 Finance lease obligations (note 10)

 59.4
 51.4

 Total debt and finance lease obligations
 21,393.9
 21,088.5

 Related-party debt (note 14)

 57.6
 —

 Total debt inc. interest and lease obligations
 21,451.5
 21,088.5

 Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations
 (3,805.7)
 (3,459.3)

 Long-term debt and finance lease obligations

 17,645.8

 17,629.2

 (a)Represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at 31 December 2024 for all borrowings outstanding pursuant to each debt instrument, including any applicable margin. The interest rates presented represent stated rates and do not include the impact of derivative instruments, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 5.

 (b)Unused borrowing capacity under the VMED O2 Credit Facilities amounts to 1,378.0 million. Unused borrowing capacity represents the maximum availability under the VMED O2 Credit Facilities at 31 December 2024 without regard to covenant compliance calculations or other conditions precedent to borrowing. At 31 December 2024, in accordance
 IV-32

 with the terms of the VMED O2 Credit Facilities, 1,378.0 million of unused borrowing capacity was available to be borrowed and there were no restrictions on our ability to make loans or distributions from this availability to other VMED O2 subsidiaries. Upon completion of the relevant 31 December 2024 compliance reporting requirements, in accordance with the terms of the VMED O2 Credit Facilities, we expect 1,378.0 million of unused borrowing capacity will continue to be available, with no restrictions to loan or distribute. Our above expectations do not consider any actual or potential changes to our borrowing levels or any amounts loaned or distributed subsequent to 31 December 2024, or the full impact of additional amounts that may be available to borrow, loan or distribute under certain defined baskets within the VMED O2 Credit Facilities.

 (c)As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, principal amounts include 413.6 million and 37.0 million, respectively, of borrowings pursuant to excess cash facilities under the VMED O2 Credit Facilities. These borrowings are owed to certain non-consolidated special purpose financing entities that have issued notes to finance the purchase of receivables due from certain of our subsidiaries to certain other third parties for amounts that we and our subsidiaries have vendor financed. To the extent the proceeds from these notes exceed the amount of vendor financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund these excess cash facilities under our senior credit facilities.

 (d)Represents amounts owed to various creditors pursuant to interest-bearing vendor financing arrangements that are used to finance certain of our property, plant and equipment additions and operating expenses. These arrangements extend our repayment terms beyond a vendor's original due dates (e.g. extension beyond a vendor's customary payment terms) and as such are classified outside of accounts payable as debt on our consolidated balance sheets. These obligations are generally due within one year and include VAT that was also financed under these arrangements. For purposes of our consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, the constructive cash outflow included in cash flows from operating activities and the corresponding constructive cash inflow included in cash flows from financing activities related to these operating expenses was 3,951.4 million, 3,046.9 million and 2,315.3 million, respectively. Repayments of vendor financing obligations are included in repayments and repurchases of third-party debt and finance lease obligations in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

 (e)As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, our debt had an estimated fair value of 20.9 billion and 19.8 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values of our debt instruments are generally determined using the average of applicable bid and ask prices (mostly Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy). For additional information regarding fair value hierarchies, see note 6.

 General Information

 Credit Facilities. We have entered into a senior secured credit facility agreement with certain financial and other institutions and senior credit facility agreements with certain non-consolidated special purpose financing entities (as described under VMED O2 Credit Facilities below) (the "credit facilities"). Certain of our credit facilities provide for adjustment to our borrowing rates based on the achievement, or otherwise, of certain Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)-linked metrics. Our credit facilities contain certain covenants, the more notable of which are as follows:

 • Our credit facilities contain certain consolidated net leverage ratios, as specified in the relevant credit facility, which are required to be complied with (i) on an incurrence basis and/or (ii) in respect of our senior secured credit facilities, when the associated revolving credit facilities have been drawn, on a net basis, beyond a specified percentage of the total available revolving credit commitments, on a maintenance basis;

 • Subject to certain customary and agreed exceptions, our credit facilities contain certain restrictions which, among other things, restrict the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to (i) incur or guarantee certain financial indebtedness, (ii) make certain disposals and acquisitions, (iii) create certain security interests over their assets and (iv) make certain restricted payments to their direct and/or indirect parent companies through dividends, loans or other distributions;

 IV-33

 • Our credit facilities require that certain of our subsidiaries (i) guarantee the payment of all sums payable under the relevant credit facility and (ii) in respect of our senior secured credit facilities, grant first-ranking security over substantially all of their assets to secure the payment of all sums payable thereunder;

 • In addition to certain mandatory prepayment events, the instructing group of lenders under our senior secured credit facilities, under certain circumstances, may cancel the lenders' commitments thereunder and declare the loan(s) thereunder due and payable after the applicable notice period following the occurrence of a change of control (as specified in the senior secured credit facilities);

 • In addition to certain mandatory prepayment events, the individual lender under each of our senior credit facilities, under certain circumstances, may cancel its commitments thereunder and declare the loan(s) thereunder due and payable at a price of 101% after the applicable notice period following the occurrence of a change of control (as specified in the relevant senior credit facility);

 • Our credit facilities contain certain customary events of default, the occurrence of which, subject to certain exceptions, materiality qualifications and cure rights, would allow the instructing group of lenders to (i) cancel the total commitments, (ii) declare that all or part of the loans be payable on demand and/or (iii) accelerate all outstanding loans and terminate their commitments thereunder;

 • Our credit facilities require that we observe certain affirmative and negative undertakings and covenants, which are subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions;

 • In addition to customary default provisions, our senior secured credit facilities include cross-default provisions with respect to the other indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries, subject to agreed minimum thresholds and other customary and agreed exceptions; and

 • Our senior credit facilities provide that any failure to pay principal at its stated maturity (after the expiration of any applicable grace period) of, or any acceleration with respect to, other indebtedness of the borrower or certain subsidiaries over agreed minimum thresholds (as specified under the applicable senior credit facility), is an event of default under the respective senior credit facility.

 SPE Notes. From time to time, we create special purpose financing entities (SPEs). These SPEs are created for the primary purpose of facilitating the offering of senior secured notes, which we collectively refer to as the "SPE Notes".

 The SPEs use the proceeds from the issuance of the SPE Note to fund term loan facilities under the credit facilities, each a "Funded Facility" and collectively the "Funded Facilities". Each SPE is dependent on payments from the relevant borrowing entity under the applicable Funded Facility in order to service its payment obligations under each respective SPE Note. The SPEs are consolidated by VMED O2. As a result, the amounts outstanding under the Funded Facilities of the SPEs are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements of VMED O2.

 Pursuant to the respective indentures for the SPE Notes (the SPE Indentures) and the respective accession agreements for the Funded Facilities, the call provisions, maturity dates and applicable interest rates for each Funded Facility are the same as those of the related SPE Note. Each SPE, as the lender under the relevant Funded Facility, is treated the same as the other lenders under the credit facilities, with benefits, rights and protections similar to those afforded to the other lenders. Through the covenants in the applicable SPE Indenture and the applicable security interests over the relevant SPE's rights under the applicable Funded Facility granted to secure the relevant SPE's obligations under the relevant SPE Notes, the holders of the SPE Notes are provided indirectly with the benefits, rights, protections and covenants granted to the SPE as lender under the applicable Funded Facility. The SPEs are prohibited from incurring any additional indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions under the SPE Indentures.

 The SPE Notes are non-callable prior to their respective call date (as specified under the applicable SPE Indenture). If, however, at any time prior to the applicable call date, all or a portion of the loans under the related Funded Facility are voluntarily prepaid (a SPE Early Redemption Event), then the SPE will be required to redeem an aggregate principal amount of its respective SPE Notes equal to the aggregate principal amount of the loans prepaid under the relevant Funded Facility. In general, the redemption price payable will equal 100% of the principal amount of the applicable SPE Notes to be redeemed and
 IV-34

 a "make-whole" premium, which is the present value of all remaining scheduled interest payments to the applicable call date using the discount rate as of the redemption date plus a premium (as specified in the applicable SPE Indenture). Upon the occurrence of a SPE Early Redemption Event on or after the applicable call date, the SPE will redeem an aggregate principal amount of its respective SPE Notes equal to the principal amount prepaid under the related Funded Facility at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) plus accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts (as specified in the applicable SPE Indenture), if any, to the applicable redemption date.

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes. Virgin Media Finance plc, VMED O2 UK Financing I plc (VMED O2 Financing I) and Virgin Media Secured Finance plc (Virgin Media Secured Finance), each a wholly-owned subsidiary of VMED O2, have issued certain senior and senior secured notes, respectively. In general, our senior and senior secured notes (i) are senior obligations of the issuer of such notes that rank equally with all of the existing and future senior debt of such issuer and are senior to all existing and future subordinated debt of such issuer, (ii) contain, in most instances, certain guarantees from certain of our subsidiaries (as specified in the applicable indenture) and (iii) with respect to our senior secured notes, are secured by certain pledges or liens over substantially all of the assets of certain of our subsidiaries. In addition, the indentures governing our senior and senior secured notes contain certain covenants, the more notable of which are as follows:

 • Our notes provide that any failure to pay principal at its stated maturity (after the expiration of any applicable grace period) of, or any acceleration with respect to, other indebtedness of the issuer or certain subsidiaries over agreed minimum thresholds (as specified under the applicable indenture), is an event of default under the respective notes;

 • Subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions, our notes contain (i) certain customary incurrence-based covenants and (ii) certain restrictions that, among other things, restrict our ability to (a) incur or guarantee certain financial indebtedness, (b) make certain disposals and acquisitions, (c) create certain security interests over our assets and (d) make certain restricted payments to our direct and/or indirect parent companies through dividends, loans or other distributions;

 • If certain of our subsidiaries (as specified in the applicable indenture) sell certain assets, the issuer must, subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions, offer to repurchase the applicable notes at par, or if a change of control (as specified in the applicable indenture) occurs, the issuer must offer to repurchase all of the relevant notes at a redemption price of 101%; and

 • Our senior secured notes contain certain early redemption provisions including the ability to, during each 12-month period commencing on the issue date for such notes until the applicable call date (Call Date), redeem up to 10% of the original principal amount of the notes at a redemption price equal to 103% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.

 IV-35

 VMED O2 Notes

 The details of the outstanding notes of VMED O2 as of 31 December 2024 are summarised in the following table:

 Outstanding principal amount

 VMED O2 Notes

 Maturity
 Original issue amount
 Borrowing currency
 Pound sterling equivalent
 Carrying value (a)

 Senior Notes:

 15 July 2030
 5.000%
 $
 925.0
 $
 925.0

 738.9

 738.2

 15 July 2030
 3.750%

 500.0

 500.0
 413.3
 413.8

 Total Senior Notes
 1,152.2
 1,152.0

 Senior Secured Notes:

 2027 Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 April 2027
 5.000%

 121.8

 121.8
 121.8
 123.8

 2029 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 15 May 2029
 5.500%
 $
 1,425.0
 $
 1,425.0
 1,138.3
 1,184.3

 2029 5.25% Sterling Secured Notes
 15 May 2029
 5.250%

 340.0

 340.0
 340.0
 351.4

 2029 4.00% Sterling Senior Secured Notes (b)
 4.000%

 600.0

 600.0
 600.0
 597.8

 2030 4.25% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 January 2030
 4.250%

 635.0

 635.0
 635.0
 635.7

 15 August 2030
 4.500%
 $
 915.0
 $
 915.0
 730.9
 732.0

 2030 4.125% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 August 2030
 4.125%

 480.0

 480.0
 480.0
 479.1

 2031 Euro Senior Secured Notes (b)

 31 January 2031
 3.250%

 950.0

 950.0
 785.3
 790.4

 2031 4.25% Dollar Senior Secured Notes (b)

 31 January 2031
 4.250%
 $
 1,350.0
 $
 1,350.0
 1,078.4
 1,061.0

 2031 4.75% Dollar Senior Secured Notes (b)(c)
 15 July 2031
 4.750%
 $
 1,400.0
 $
 1,400.0
 1,118.3
 1,115.8

 2031 Sterling Senior Secured Notes (b)(c)
 15 July 2031
 4.500%

 675.0

 675.0
 675.0
 672.5

 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes (b)
 15 April 2032
 7.750%
 $
 750.0
 $
 750.0
 599.1
 595.3

 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes (c)
 15 April 2032
 5.625%

 600.0

 600.0
 496.0
 492.6

 Total Senior Secured Notes
 8,798.1
 8,831.7

 Total

 9,950.3

 9,983.7

 (a)Amounts are net of deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, including amounts recorded in connection with acquisition accounting for the Joint Venture, where applicable.

 (b)Respective notes are SPE Notes that have been issued by VMED O2 Financing I.

 (c)Respective notes are VMED O2 Green Bonds that have been issued by VMED O2 Financing I under the International Capital Markets Association's Green Bond Principles as "green" assets to investors.

 IV-36

 The VMED O2 Notes are non-callable prior to the applicable Call Date as presented in the below table. At any time prior to the respective Call Date, VMED O2 may redeem some or all of the applicable notes by paying a "make-whole" premium, which is the present value of all remaining scheduled interest payments to the applicable Call Date using the discount rate (as specified in the applicable indenture) as of the redemption date plus 50 basis points.

 VMED O2 Notes

 Call Date

 15 July 2025

 15 July 2025

 2027 Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 April 2027

 2029 4.00% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 31 January 2024

 2029 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 15 May 2024

 2029 5.25% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 May 2024

 2030 4.25% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 October 2024

 15 August 2025

 2030 4.125% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 August 2025

 2031 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 31 January 2026

 2031 4.25% Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 31 January 2026

 2031 4.75% Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 15 July 2026

 2031 Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 15 July 2026

 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 15 April 2027

 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 15 April 2027

 VMED O2 may redeem some or all of the VMED O2 Senior Notes and the VMED O2 Senior Secured Notes at the following redemption prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) plus accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts (as specified in the applicable indenture), if any, to the applicable redemption date, as set forth below:

 Redemption Price

 2027 Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 2029 4.00% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 2029 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 2029 5.25% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 2030 4.25% Sterling Senior Secured Notes

 12-month period commencing
 15 July
 15 July
 15 April
 31 January
 15 May
 15 May
 15 October

 2025
 102.500%
 101.875%
 101.000%
 101.375%
 101.313%
 101.063%

 2026
 101.250%
 100.938%
 100.531%

 2027
 100.625%
 100.469%
 N.A.

 2028
 N.A.

 IV-37

 Redemption Price

 2030 4.125% Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 2031 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 2031 4.25% Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 2031 4.75% Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 2031 Sterling Senior Secured Notes
 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes

 12-month period commencing
 15 August
 15 August
 31 January
 31 January
 15 July
 15 July
 15 April
 15 April

 2025
 102.250%
 102.063%
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.

 2026
 101.125%
 101.031%
 101.625%
 102.125%
 102.375%
 102.250%
 N.A.
 N.A.

 2027
 100.563%
 100.516%
 100.813%
 101.063%
 101.188%
 101.125%
 103.875%
 102.813%

 2028
 100.406%
 100.530%
 100.594%
 100.563%
 101.938%
 101.406%

 2029
 100.406%
 100.530%
 100.594%
 100.563%

 IV-38

 VMED O2 Credit Facilities

 The VMED O2 Credit Facilities are the senior and senior secured credit facilities of certain subsidiaries of VMED O2. The details of our borrowings under the VMED O2 Credit Facilities as of 31 December 2024 are summarised in the following table:

 VMED O2 Credit Facilities
 Maturity
 Facility amount (in borrowing currency)
 Outstanding principal amount
 Unused borrowing capacity
 Carrying value (a)

 Senior Secured Facilities:

 N (b)
 31 January 2028
 Term SOFR+2.50%
 $
 3,300.0

 2,635.9

 —

 2,630.7

 O (c)
 EURIBOR+2.50%

 750.0
 620.0
 —
 618.3

 Q (b)
 Term SOFR+3.25%
 $
 1,300.0
 1,038.4
 —
 1,038.8

 R (c)
 EURIBOR+3.25%

 750.0
 620.0
 —
 620.6

 S (d)
 4.00%

 600.0
 597.8
 —
 597.8

 T (d)
 31 January 2031
 3.25%

 950.0
 790.4
 —
 790.4

 U (d)
 31 January 2031
 4.25%
 $
 1,350.0
 1,061.0
 —
 1,061.0

 V (d)
 15 July 2031
 4.50%

 675.0
 672.5
 —
 672.5

 W (d)
 15 July 2031
 4.75%
 $
 1,400.0
 1,115.8
 —
 1,115.8

 X1 (e)
 30 September 2029
 SONIA+3.25%

 750.0
 750.0
 —
 738.2

 Y (b)(e)
 31 March 2031
 Term SOFR+3.25%
 $
 1,250.0
 998.5
 —
 985.8

 Z (c)(e)
 15 October 2031
 EURIBOR+3.50%

 720.0
 595.2
 —
 586.8

 AA (d)
 15 April 2032
 5.625%

 600.0
 492.6
 —
 492.6

 AB (d)
 15 April 2032
 7.750%

 750.0
 595.3
 —
 595.3

 Revolving Facility (f)
 30 September 2026
 SONIA+2.75%

 54.0
 —
 54.0
 —

 Revolving Facility (f)(g)
 30 September 2029
 SONIA+2.75%

 1,324.0
 —
 1,324.0
 —

 Elimination of Facilities S, T, U, V, W, AA and AB in consolidation (d)
 (5,325.4)
 —
 (5,325.4)

 Total Senior Secured Facilities
 7,258.0
 1,378.0
 7,219.2

 Senior Facilities:

 Financing Facility III (g)
 15 July 2028
 4.875%

 900.0
 43.2
 —
 42.3

 Financing Facility IV (g)
 15 July 2028
 5.000%
 $
 500.0
 14.1
 —
 14.1

 Financing Facility V (g)
 15 March 2032
 7.875%

 400.0
 356.3
 —
 356.3

 Total Senior Facilities
 413.6
 —
 412.7

 Total

 7,671.6

 1,378.0

 7,631.9

 (a)Amounts are net of deferred financing costs and discounts, where applicable.

 (b)Facility N, Q and Y are each subject to a Term SOFR floor of 0.0%.

 (c)Facility O, R and Z are each subject to a EURIBOR floor of 0.0%.

 (d)The amounts outstanding under Facilities S through W, AA and AB are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

 (e)Rates are subject to adjustment based on the achievement or otherwise of certain ESG metrics.

 (f)The Revolving Facility has a fee on unused commitments of 1.1% per year.

 IV-39

 (g)Amounts represent borrowings that are owed to certain non-consolidated SPEs that have issued notes to finance the purchase of receivables due from certain of our subsidiaries to certain other third parties for amounts that we and our subsidiaries have vendor financed. To the extent the proceeds from these notes exceed the amount of vendor financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund these excess cash facilities under our senior credit facilities.

 Financing Transactions

 Below we provide summary descriptions of certain financing transactions completed during 2024.

 In January 2024, we drew down 20.0 million under Term Loan Z. The proceeds were used for refinancing.

 In February 2024, we reduced our 2026 tranche of the Revolving Facility by 54.0 million.

 In March 2024, certain lenders under Term Loan X extended the maturity of their commitments to 30 September 2029. This was effected by way of such lenders under Term Loan X converting their respective commitments in Term Loan X into commitments under a new Term Loan X1. Term Loan X was then reduced by 46.8 million resulting in the residual principal amount of 236.9 million. The principal amount of Term Loan X1 is 750.0 million (which includes additional borrowings of 33.7 million). The additional proceeds, 33.7 million, were used for refinancing.

 In April 2024, we issued 600.0 million principal amount of euro-denominated senior secured notes and $750.0 million principal amount of U.S. dollar-denominated senior secured notes. These notes were issued at par, mature on 15 April 2032 and bear interest at a rate of 5.625% and 7.75%, respectively. The proceeds from these 2032 Senior Secured Notes were used to (i) purchase and cancel 335.7 million outstanding principal of our existing 2027 Sterling Senior Secured Notes and (ii) repay 296.1 million, 258.7 million and 236.9 million of Facility L, M and X, respectively, under the VMED O2 Credit Facilities. As per our policy, the interest and foreign currency risk of such refinancing activity is mitigated through our derivative portfolio.

 In December 2024, Virgin Media O2 Vendor Financing Notes V Designated Activity Company (Virgin Media O2 Financing V Company) a third-party SPE that is outside of the Group issued 400.0 million principal amount of 7.875% vendor financing notes at par due 15 March 2032 (2032 Vendor Financing Notes). The net proceeds from these notes are to be used by the Virgin Media O2 Financing V Company to purchase certain vendor-financed receivables owed by our company to various other third parties. To the extent that the proceeds from the 2032 Vendor Financing Notes exceed the amount of vendor-financed receivables purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund excess cash facilities junior to our senior secured credit facilities.

 IV-40

 Maturities of Debt

 The pound sterling equivalents of the maturities of our debt as of 31 December 2024 are presented below (in millions):

 Year ending 31 December:

 2025

 3,746.4

 2026
 341.7

 2027
 156.1

 2028
 2,646.9

 2029
 5,106.8

 9,345.1

 Total debt maturities (a)
 21,343.0

 Deferred financing costs, discounts and premiums, net
 (8.5)

 Total debt

 21,334.5

 3,746.4

 17,588.1

 (a)Includes vendor financing obligations of 3,400.8 million, as set forth below (in millions):

 Year ending 31 December:

 2025

 3,340.3

 2026
 21.5

 2027
 34.3

 2028
 4.5

 2029
 0.2

 Total vendor financing maturities (1)(2)

 3,400.8

 3,340.3

 60.5

 (1)Virgin Media Vendor Financing Notes III Designated Activity Company and Virgin Media Vendor Financing Notes IV Designated Activity Company (together the 2020 VM Financing Companies) have issued an aggregate 1,299.4 million equivalent of notes maturing in July 2028. The net proceeds from these notes are used by the 2020 VM Financing Companies to purchase from various third parties certain vendor financed receivables owed by certain of our subsidiaries. To the extent the proceeds from these notes exceed the amount of vendor financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund excess cash facilities under our senior credit facilities. The 2020 VM Financing Companies can request the excess cash facilities be repaid by certain of our subsidiaries as additional vendor financed receivables become available for purchase.

 (2)Virgin Media O2 Financing V Company have issued 400.0 million equivalent of notes maturing in March 2032. The net proceeds from these notes are used by the Virgin Media O2 Financing V Company to purchase from various third parties certain vendor-financed receivables owed by certain of our subsidiaries. At 31 December 2024, the total vendor financed receivables purchased from various third parties amounted to 45.0 million, with the remaining balance used to fund excess cash facilities under our senior credit facilities. The Virgin Media O2 Financing V Company can request the excess cash facilities be repaid by certain of our subsidiaries as additional vendor financed receivables become available for purchase.

 IV-41

 Vendor Financing Obligations

 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our vendor financing obligations for the indicated periods is set forth below:

 2024
 2023

 Balance at 1 January

 3,496.3

 2,981.4

 Operating-related vendor financing additions
 3,951.4
 3,046.9

 Capital-related vendor financing additions
 830.3
 691.5

 Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing
 (3,869.3)
 (2,395.3)

 Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing
 (1,367.4)
 (1,353.6)

 Foreign currency and other
 359.5
 525.4

 Balance at 31 December

 3,400.8

 3,496.3

 (10) Leases

 General

 We enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

 Lease Balances

 A summary of our ROU assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

 2024
 2023

 ROU assets:

 Operating leases (a)

 715.2

 445.0

 Finance leases (b)
 47.0
 43.9

 Total ROU assets

 762.2

 488.9

 Lease liabilities:

 Operating leases (c)

 715.2

 477.7

 Finance leases (d)
 59.4
 51.4

 Total lease liabilities

 774.6

 529.1

 (a)Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets. At 31 December 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 7.9 years and the weighted average discount rate was 5.9%. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating lease ROU assets of 400.5 million, 37.7 million and 22.4 million, respectively.

 (b)Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment, net, on our consolidated balance sheets. At 31 December 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 32.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 7.1%. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance lease ROU assets of 8.1 million, 7.8 million and 77.9 million, respectively.

 IV-42

 (c)The current and long-term portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within other accrued and current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 (d)The current and long-term portions of our finance lease liabilities are included within current portion of debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 In August 2024, Cellnex UK (Cellnex), Vodafone and VMED O2 signed a new long-term agreement for Cellnex to provide tower infrastructure and associated services. This new agreement replaced a prior agreement that Cornerstone held directly with Cellnex. This resulted in the recognition of an operating lease ROU asset and an operating lease liability, amounting to 202.0 million in the period. An immaterial disposal was recorded in the period to reflect our share of the relevant leases that Cornerstone previously held with Cellnex.

 A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Finance lease expense:

 Depreciation and amortisation

 3.1

 2.7

 3.3

 4.2
 3.6
 3.8

 Total finance lease expense

 7.3
 6.3
 7.1

 Operating lease expense (a)
 186.7
 204.7
 189.3

 Total lease expense

 194.0

 211.0

 196.4

 (a)Our operating lease expense is included in other operating expenses and SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

 Operating cash outflows from operating leases

 157.5

 135.6

 139.1

 Operating cash outflows from finance leases (interest component)
 4.0
 3.6
 3.8

 Financing cash outflows from finance leases (principal component)
 0.1
 3.7
 5.9

 Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases

 161.6

 142.9

 148.8

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 Maturities of our operating and finance lease liabilities as of 31 December 2024 are presented below. Amounts represent the pound sterling equivalents based on 31 December 2024 exchange rates:

 Operating leases
 Finance
leases

 Year ending 31 December:

 2025

 166.0

 6.0

 2026
 134.6
 6.1

 2027
 117.1
 6.1

 2028
 97.6
 6.1

 2029
 72.0
 3.9

 340.7
 126.8

 Total payments

 928.0
 155.0

 Less: present value discount

 (212.8)
 (95.6)

 Present value of lease payments

 715.2

 59.4

 126.5

 1.7

 588.7

 57.7

 (11) Income Taxes

 VMED O2 files its primary income tax return in the U.K. and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.K. and the U.S.

 The components of our earnings (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 U.K.

 29.3

 (3,009.8)

 (2,412.5)

 U.S.
 (3.4)
 12.0
 (22.6)

 Earnings (loss) before income taxes

 25.9

 (2,997.8)

 (2,435.1)

 IV-44

 Income tax (expense) benefit consists of:

 Deferred
 Total

 Year ended 31 December 2024:

 U.K.

 (4.1)

 (5.1)

 (9.2)

 U.S. (a)
 (13.2)
 (2.2)
 (15.4)

 Total income tax expense

 (17.3)

 (7.3)

 (24.6)

 Year ended 31 December 2023:

 U.K.

 (3.4)

 228.8

 225.4

 U.S. (a)
 3.9
 4.1
 8.0

 Total income tax benefit

 0.5

 232.9

 233.4

 Year ended 31 December 2022:

 U.K.

 12.4

 (66.7)

 (54.3)

 U.S. (a)
 30.9
 (0.2)
 30.7

 Total income tax expense

 43.3

 (66.9)

 (23.6)

 (a)Includes U.S. federal and state income taxes. Our U.S. state income taxes were not material during any of the years presented.

 The income tax attributable to our earnings (loss) before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the applicable U.K. corporate income tax rate, the income tax rate of our country of domicile, as a result of the following:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Computed "expected" tax (expense) benefit (a)

 (6.5)

 704.5

 462.7

 Non-deductible interest and other expenses
 (14.9)
 12.4
 (19.4)

 Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries (b)
 (7.6)
 17.2
 (15.9)

 Tax benefit associated with U.K. super-deduction (c)
 0.6
 14.4
 140.2

 Non-deductible goodwill impairment
 —
 (550.8)
 (581.0)

 Recognition of previously unrecognised tax benefits
 —
 15.6
 51.2

 Impact associated with phase-in of U.K. statutory rate (a)
 —
 11.8
 (58.1)

 Other, net
 3.8
 8.3
 (3.3)

 Total income tax (expense) benefit

 (24.6)

 233.4

 (23.6)

 (a)On 10 June 2021, legislation was enacted in the U.K. to increase the U.K. corporate income tax rate to 25.0% from April 1, 2023. The statutory or "expected" tax rates for 2024, 2023 and 2022 are the U.K. corporate income tax rates of 25.0%, 23.5% and 19.0%, respectively. The 2023 statutory rate represents a blended rate in effect for the year ended 31 December 2023 based on the 19.0% statutory rate that was in effect for the first quarter of 2023 and the 25.0% statutory rate that was in effect for the remainder of 2023.

 IV-45

 (b)Amounts reflect the net impact of differences in the treatment of income and loss items between financial reporting and tax accounting related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, including the effects of undistributed earnings.

 (c)The U.K. "super-deduction" provided a permanent tax benefit for the cost of qualifying capital expenditures, as well as accelerating tax allowances on expenditures during the period 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2023. The 2024 amount reflects an adjustment to the tax benefit associated with the 2023 expenditures.

 As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, net deferred tax assets aggregated 417.8 million and 400.9 million, respectively, and are included within other assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

 2024
 2023

 Deferred tax assets:

 Capital and net operating loss carryforwards

 3,246.2

 3,256.0

 Property, plant and equipment, net
 1,486.4
 1,665.7

 Other future deductible amounts
 86.7
 96.7

 Deferred tax assets
 4,819.3
 5,018.4

 Valuation allowance
 (3,062.1)
 (3,062.0)

 Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
 1,757.2
 1,956.4

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Intangible assets subject to amortisation
 (1,168.2)
 (1,388.1)

 Derivative instruments
 (108.4)
 (86.9)

 Other future taxable amounts
 (62.8)
 (80.5)

 Deferred tax liabilities
 (1,339.4)
 (1,555.5)

 Net deferred tax assets

 417.8

 400.9

 Our deferred tax asset valuation allowance increased by 0.1 million during 2024, decreased by 43.7 million during 2023 and increased by 29.9 million during 2022. These changes primarily reflect the effect of foreign exchange movements on certain U.S. deferred tax assets.

 We had property, plant and equipment on which future U.K. tax deductions can be claimed of 15.0 billion and 15.3 billion at 31 December 2024 and 2023, respectively. A maximum of 18% of this existing balance can be claimed as "capital allowances" in any one year. The tax effects of the excess of these capital allowances over the related financial statement carrying amounts are included in the deferred tax assets related to property, plant and equipment, net, in the above table.

 As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, our loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were 13.3 billion and carryforward indefinitely, including U.K. capital loss carryforwards of 12.1 billion. The use of our tax loss carryforwards (both capital and ordinary losses) is limited. Certain tax jurisdictions limit the ability to offset taxable income of a separate company or different tax group with the tax losses associated with another separate company or group. The majority of our tax loss carryforwards are not expected to be realised.

 We have taxable outside basis differences on certain investments in subsidiaries. No additional income taxes have been provided for unremitted earnings, or any additional outside basis differences inherent in these entities, because we expect that any recovery will be done in a tax free manner.

 We and our subsidiaries file consolidated and standalone income tax returns in the U.K. and U.S. In the normal course of business, our income tax filings are subject to review by the U.K. and U.S. taxing authorities. In connection with such reviews,
 IV-46

 disputes could arise with the taxing authorities over the interpretation or application of certain income tax rules related to our business in these tax jurisdictions. Such disputes may result in future tax and interest and penalty assessments by these taxing authorities. The resolution of tax contingencies will take place upon the earlier of (i) the settlement date with the applicable taxing authorities in either cash or agreement of income tax positions or (ii) the date when the tax authorities are statutorily prohibited from adjusting the company's tax computations.

 In general, tax returns filed by VMED O2 or our subsidiaries in the U.K. and U.S. for years prior to 2021 are no longer subject to examination by tax authorities.

 The changes in our unrecognised tax benefits are summarised below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Balance at 1 January

 6.5

 20.5

 63.1

 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
 1.0
 1.1
 —

 Lapse of statute of limitations
 —
 (15.6)
 (51.2)

 Additions for tax positions of prior years
 —
 0.9
 20.3

 Reductions for tax positions of prior years
 —
 —
 (20.2)

 Foreign currency translation
 —
 (0.4)
 8.5

 Balance at 31 December

 7.5

 6.5

 20.5

 All unrecognised tax benefits would have a favourable impact on our effective income tax rate if recognised. No assurance can be given that any of these tax benefits will be recognised or realised.

 We do not expect any material changes to our unrecognised tax benefits during 2025.

 A 15.0% corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) applies in the U.S. on "adjusted financial statement income" for tax years beginning after 31 December 2022. CAMT did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements through 31 December 2024. We will continue to monitor additional guidance as it is issued to assess the impact to our tax position.

 A global minimum tax with a rate of 15.0% applies in the U.K. for accounting periods starting on or after 31 December 2023. The legislation implements a domestic top-up tax and a multinational top-up tax. This legislation did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements through 31 December 2024. We will continue to monitor future legislation and any additional guidance that is issued.

 (12) Share Capital

 As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, VMED O2 has 12 ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of 1.00.

 During 2024, 2023 and 2022, VMED O2 paid total dividends of 0.9 billion, 2.0 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively, to its Shareholders, which are reflected as decreases to owners' equity in our consolidated statements of owners' equity.

 On 24 May 2024, VMED O2 implemented a capital reduction to reduce the share premium reserve to nil and increase accumulated (deficit) earnings by 6,616.5 million. The capital reduction was effective from 28 May 2024.

 (13) Share-based Compensation

 Our share-based compensation expense relates to (i) charges for share-based incentive awards associated with common shares of Liberty Global and ordinary shares of Telef nica held by certain employees of our subsidiaries and (ii) charges for incentive awards associated with the performance of VMED O2, under VMED O2's long-term incentive plan, held by certain employees of our subsidiaries.

 IV-47

 All the outstanding share-based incentive awards from Liberty Global and Telef nica vested during 2024. Share-based compensation expense allocated to our Company by Liberty Global and Telef nica is reflected as an increase to owners' equity, offset by any amounts recharged to us, and is included within SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 All the outstanding incentive awards for VMED O2's long-term incentive plan will vest during 2025 and 2026. The associated expense is included within SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 (14) Related-party Transactions

 Our significant related-party agreements are set forth below.

 Shareholders Agreement

 In connection with the JV Transaction, on 1 June 2021, Liberty Global and Telef nica entered into a shareholders agreement (the Shareholders Agreement). Each Shareholder holds 50% of the issued share capital of VMED O2. The Shareholders Agreement contains customary provisions for the governance of a 50:50 joint venture that result in Liberty Global and Telef nica having joint control over decision making with respect to the Joint Venture and each Shareholder has the right to initiate an initial public offering after the third anniversary of the closing.

 The Shareholders Agreement also provides (i) for a dividend policy that requires VMED O2, subject to certain exceptions, to distribute all unrestricted cash to the Shareholders as soon as reasonably practicable following each quarterly period (subject to our Company maintaining a minimum amount of cash and complying with the terms of our financing arrangements) and (ii) that VMED O2 will be managed with a leverage ratio between 4.0 and 5.0 times EBITDA (as defined in the Shareholders Agreement), including the completion of periodic recapitalisations and/or refinancings.

 Charges for JV Services - Framework Services Agreements

 Pursuant to the framework services agreements (collectively, the JV Service Agreements) entered into in connection with the closing of the JV Transaction, Liberty Global and Telef nica charge VMED O2 fees for certain services provided to us by the Shareholders and their respective subsidiaries (collectively, the JV Services). The JV Services are provided to us on a transitional or ongoing basis. Pursuant to the terms of the JV Service Agreements, both the ongoing services and transitional services are provided for specified terms from the 1 June 2021 formation of the Joint Venture. The JV Services provided by the Shareholders and their respective subsidiaries consist primarily of (i) technology and other services, (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that we use or otherwise benefit us, (iii) brand name and procurement fees and (iv) certain corporate services. The fees that Liberty Global and Telef nica charge us for the JV Services, as set forth in the table below, include both fixed and usage-based fees.

 During the first quarter of 2024, we changed the terms related to and approach to how we reflect charges for certain products and services received from Liberty Global under the JV Service Agreements, specifically, customer premises equipment (CPE) and the embedded essential software. As a result of a contractual change, we now procure and capitalise the combined cost of the CPE and embedded essential software as property, plant and equipment additions. Prior to 2024, while CPE was capitalised, it was procured directly by VMED O2, with the related embedded essential software procured through Liberty Global and reflected within other operating expenses.

 Fibre Joint Venture Agreements

 In December 2022, Liberty Global and Telef nica, along with investment firm InfraVia Capital Partners, formed a new fibre joint venture to build a wholesale fibre-to-the-home network in the U.K. under the brand name "nexfibre". nexfibre has a target to role out fibre to 5 million greenfield homes not currently served by VMED O2's network. VMED O2 is an anchor tenant of the new network, extending its serviceable footprint, as well as providing its well-established network expansion expertise, systems and relationships to nexfibre, including construction, IT, technology and corporate services.

 IV-48

 All related-party transactions relate to regular trading activities of our Company and are on an arm's length basis. Our related-party transactions are as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Credits (charges) included in:

 Revenue

 1,054.6

 903.3

 291.1

 Programming and other direct costs of services
 (1.5)
 (1.4)
 (2.7)

 Other operating
 (279.0)
 (314.2)
 (362.1)

 SG&A
 (173.2)
 (227.6)
 (222.3)

 Allocated share-based compensation expense
 (2.1)
 (15.5)
 (25.6)

 Included in net earnings (loss)

 598.8

 344.6

 (321.6)

 Property, plant and equipment additions, net

 50.7

 5.2

 3.6

 Revenue. Amounts primarily consist of our charges to nexfibre, charges to the Tesco Mobile JV, commissions from Telef nica for handset insurance policy sales and, to a lesser extent, roaming charges to Telef nica.

 Programming and other direct costs of services. Amounts primarily consist of interconnect, roaming, lease and access fees and other services provided to us by certain Liberty Global and Telef nica subsidiaries.

 Other operating expenses. Amounts primarily consist of network and technology-related services provided by Cornerstone.

 SG&A expenses. Amounts relate to 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively, they consist of (i) charges of 152.3 million, 225.6 million and 266.7 million, related to support function staffing and other services provided by Liberty Global, Telef nica and affiliates, (ii) charges of 70.1 million, 68.7 million and 23.6 million, related to network and technology-related services provided by Liberty Global and Telef nica, and (iii) charges of 28.5 million, 27.8 million and 27.1 million, related to brand and licensing fees payable to Telef nica.

 Share-based compensation expense. Amounts relate to charges for share-based incentive awards held by certain employees of our subsidiaries associated with ordinary shares of Liberty Global and Telef nica. Share-based compensation expense is included in SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 Property, plant and equipment additions, net. Amounts primarily relate to the purchase of CPE and embedded essential software with Liberty Global subsidiaries and associates.

 IV-49

 The following table provides details of our related-party balances:

 2024
 2023

 Assets:

 Trade receivables (a)

 96.0

 71.4

 Current receivables (b)
 193.9
 190.7

 Other assets (c)
 56.0
 69.3

 Total

 345.9

 331.4

 Liabilities:

 Accounts payable

 345.9

 322.1

 Current portion of related-party debt (d)
 57.6
 —

 Other current liabilities (e)
 27.2
 7.2

 Other long-term liabilities (f)
 222.4
 149.0

 Total

 653.1

 478.3

 (a)Amounts primarily relate to trade receivables arising from our charges to Tesco Mobile, Telef nica subsidiaries, Cornerstone and accrued income owed from nexfibre.

 (b)Amounts represent non-interest bearing current receivables from certain Liberty Global and Telef nica subsidiaries arising in the normal course of business.

 (c)Amounts relate to ROU assets which are leased from Cornerstone to VMED O2.

 (d)Amounts relate to the value associated with Telef nica Factoring Espa a, S.A., which bear interest at a rate of 6.7%.

 (e)Amounts represent the current lease liability with regards to leased assets from Cornerstone to VMED O2 and certain tax-related liabilities owed to other Telef nica subsidiaries.

 (f)Amounts primarily represent the long-term lease liability with regards to leased assets from Cornerstone to VMED O2 and non-interest bearing payables, including (i) pension liabilities owed to certain Telef nica subsidiaries and (ii) a payable owed to Cornerstone related to certain asset retirement obligations.

 (15) Defined Benefit Plans

 VMED O2 maintains the following defined benefit and defined contribution plans for its employees:

 Defined Benefit Plans:
 • The defined benefit section of the Telef nica UK Pension Plan;
 • The National Transcommunications Limited Pension Plan (NTL);
 • The NTL 1999 Pension Scheme (NTL 99);
 • Unfunded pension promises to former Telef nica UK employees; and
 • Unfunded pension promises to former NTL employees, known as the Annual Compensation Payments (ACP).

 IV-50

 Defined Contribution Plans:
 • The Telef nica UK Pension Scheme;
 • The Virgin Media Pension Plan; and
 • The defined contribution section of the Telef nica UK Pension Plan.

 Defined Benefit Plans

 All of the defined benefit plans are closed to new entrants and further benefit accrual. The Telef nica UK Pension Scheme and the Virgin Media Pension Plan remain open to new entrants and further contributions and the employer contributions are recognised as part of our staffing costs.

 A valuation of our defined benefit plans was undertaken as of 31 December 2024 by suitably qualified independent actuaries. The majority of our defined benefit plan assets are invested in bulk annuity insurance policies that fully match all of the liabilities of these pension plans. Residual plan assets are invested in predominantly in cash or cash equivalents.

 Current Events

 Section 37 Court Ruling. In June 2023, the High Court made a ruling in the case Virgin Media Ltd v NTL Pension Trustees II Limited (and the ruling related to Section 37 of the 1993 Pensions Act and the correct interpretation of historic legislation governing the amendment of contracted-out DB schemes). In 2024, the Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal in the case made by the Company. NTL Pension Trustees II Limited have implemented amendments to the benefits of the NTL to reflect the ruling. The Trustees of the NTL 99 completed a similar detailed legal review of Scheme documentation and concluded there is no Section 37 issue. The Trustees of the Telef nica UK Pension Plan have yet to complete a detailed review of their Scheme documentation. The value of benefit increases in the NTL as a result of the rulings has been considered and accounted for within the pension scheme valuation for the current year.

 Pension Buy-ins. On 25 November 2024, the Trustees of the Telef nica UK Pension Plan purchased a bulk purchase annuity policy with Pension Insurance Corporation (PIC) covering all liabilities of the defined benefit section of the Plan. On 26 November 2024, the Trustees of the NTL purchased a bulk purchase annuity policy with PIC covering all remaining liabilities of the Plan. This is in addition to annuity policies previously purchased with PIC in 2012 and 2017. These bulk purchase annuity policies (also known as buy-ins) will be held as investments of the respective plans and the Trustees retain financial responsibility for paying members' pensions from these Plans. The purchase of these policies was an investment decision by the Trustees and no decision has been made to buy out the plans. The buy-ins remove the material pension risk in respect of the pension plans while providing greater benefit security to the members of the plans. The buy-in premiums were funded from assets of the plans and an investment loss, based on the premium paid and the accounting valuation, has been recognised through other comprehensive loss and the majority of the total other comprehensive investment loss is due to the buy-in transactions. Under GAAP, there are two potential treatments for the buy-in: (i) assets set equal to the buy-in premium, liabilities remain unchanged (e.g., liabilities valued using AA corporate bond discount rate), or (ii) assets and liabilities both set equal to the buy-in premium. We have chosen to account under option (i) as it is more consistent with the investment decision to enter into the bulk annuity contract, as the valuation of the liability remains unchanged.

 IV-51

 The table below provides summary information of our defined benefit plans:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Fair value of plan assets

 1,559.0

 1,820.9

 1,824.4

 Projected benefit obligation

 1,358.5
 1,519.8
 1,468.5

 Net asset (a) (b)

 200.5

 301.1

 355.9

 (a)Amounts include net obligations of 2.8 million, 3.1 million and 4.3 million, respectively, related to projected benefit obligations of unfunded schemes.

 (b)VMED O2 is not required to limit any pension surplus, or recognise additional pension liabilities in individual plans, as economic benefits are available in the form of future refunds.

 Changes in the present value of the projected benefit obligation associated with our various funded and unfunded defined benefit plans for the indicated periods are set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Balance at 1 January

 1,519.8

 1,468.5

 2,355.6

 Interest costs
 67.1
 68.2
 42.2

 Past service costs
 7.4
 —
 —

 Benefits paid
 (66.3)
 (66.7)
 (76.3)

 Actuarial (loss) gain

 (169.5)
 49.8
 (854.1)

 Reclassification of ACP Plan
 —
 —
 1.1

 Balance at 31 December

 1,358.5

 1,519.8

 1,468.5

 Changes in the fair value of the plan assets associated with our various funded defined benefit plans for the indicated periods are set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Balance at 1 January

 1,820.9

 1,824.4
 2,720.1

 Expected return on assets
 83.6
 100.0
 79.3

 Employer contributions
 1.4
 1.0
 213.4

 Benefits paid
 (66.2)
 (64.8)
 (76.0)

 Actuarial loss
 (280.7)
 (39.7)
 (1,112.4)

 Balance at 31 December

 1,559.0

 1,820.9

 1,824.4

 We expect to contribute 1.0 million to our defined benefit plans during 2025 relating to expected administration costs of the Telef nica UK Pension Plan, NTL and NTL 99 plans.

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 Our defined benefit plan assets as of 31 December 2024 comprise the following:

 L1
 L2
 L3

 Listed
 Listed
 Unlisted
 Total

 90.3

 —

 —

 90.3

 Deferred premium
 (22.0)
 —
 —
 (22.0)

 Bonds
 —
 3.6
 —
 3.6

 Private debt and equity
 —
 0.1
 —
 0.1

 Insurance policies
 —
 —
 1,486.2
 1,486.2

 Property
 —
 0.8
 —
 0.8

 Total

 68.3

 4.5

 1,486.2

 1,559.0

 The details of the loss related to our defined benefit plans and recognised in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss are set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Actuarial loss recognised in accumulated other comprehensive loss

 (112.0)

 (86.7)

 (258.3)

 Net periodic pension cost:

 Interest costs
 (67.1)
 (68.2)
 (42.2)

 Expected return on assets
 83.6
 100.0
 79.3

 Amortisation of unrecognised net loss
 (6.7)
 —
 —

 Amortisation of prior service costs
 (0.1)
 0.1
 (0.1)

 Net periodic pension cost recognised in comprehensive loss

 9.7
 31.9
 37.0

 Total loss recognised in other comprehensive loss

 (102.3)

 (54.8)

 (221.3)

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 The main assumptions, shown as a range, as adopted under ASC 715 Compensation - Retirement Benefits for our defined benefit plans (funded and unfunded) as of 31 December 2024 are as follows:

 Telef nica UK & Unfunded Pension Plan

 NTL & Unfunded ACP
 NTL 99

 Life expectancy (male currently aged 60 / 40) (in years)
 85.6 / 86.8
 86.6 / 87.8
 86.1 / 87.3

 Life expectancy (female currently aged 60 / 40) (in years)
 88.6 / 89.7
 88.7 / 89.8
 88.3 / 89.5

 Discount rate
 5.6%
 5.5%
 5.5%

 Expected return on assets

 Inflation assumptions:

 RPI

 3.1%
 3.2%
 3.1%

 CPI

 2.6%
 2.7%
 2.6%

 Mortality base table
 110% / 110% (M/F) S3NA
 93% / 102% (M/F)
S3PA
 99% / 107% (M/F) S3PA

 Mortality future improvements
 Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI)_2023 projections with long-term rate of improvement of 1.00% per annum, w2023 of 15% and an initial addition of 0.25% for each of the plans

 At 31 December 2024, the weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation of our Telef nica UK funded and unfunded plans, NTL and unfunded ACP plans and NTL 99 were 16.0, 10.0 and 14.0 years, respectively.

 Any sensitivity analysis may not be representative of an actual change in the defined benefit obligation as it is unlikely that changes in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another. In presenting the sensitivity analysis, the change in present value of defined benefit obligations has been calculated using the projected unit credit method, which is the same as that applied in calculating the defined benefit obligation liability recognised on our consolidated balance sheet. The rate of inflation assumption sensitivity factors in the impact of changes to all assumptions relating to inflation (RPI), including the associated pension increase assumption. The following sensitivity analysis table summarises how a reasonably possible change in particular assumptions would, in isolation, result in an increase to the defined benefit obligation as of 31 December 2024 (in millions):

 Decrease discount rate by 0.25%

 41.6

 Increase inflation rate by 0.25%

 33.9

 Increase life expectancy by 1 year

 34.9

 As of 31 December 2024, the expected future benefit payments from the plans are as follows:

 Funded
 Unfunded

 Year ending 31 December:

 2025

 68.2

 0.2

 2026
 70.0
 0.2

 2027
 71.8
 0.2

 2028
 73.7
 0.2

 2029
 75.6
 0.2

 2,947.8
 4.9

 Total

 3,307.1

 5.9

 IV-54

 Other Pension Plans

 We also operate defined contribution plans. The assets of these defined contribution arrangements are held separately from those of VMED O2 in independently administered funds. The expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss relating to the defined contribution plans is equal to the contributions payable with respect to the periods presented, which totalled 59.3 million, 75.9 million and 67.1 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 (16) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings (Loss)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss included on our consolidated balance sheets and statements of owners' equity reflect the aggregate impact of foreign currency translation adjustments and defined benefit-related adjustments. The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of taxes, are summarised as follows:

 Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 Defined benefit-related adjustments
 Total
accumulated
other
comprehensive
earnings (loss)

 Balance at 1 January 2022

 13.3

 20.3

 33.6

 30.5
 (195.3)

 Balance at 31 December 2022

 43.8
 (175.0)
 (131.2)

 (16.4)
 (61.1)

 Balance at 31 December 2023

 27.4
 (236.1)
 (208.7)

 6.5
 (88.1)

 Balance at 31 December 2024

 33.9

 (324.2)

 (290.3)

 The components of other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, are reflected in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The following tables summarise the income tax effects related to each component of other comprehensive loss, net of amounts reclassified to our consolidated statements of operations:

 Year ended 31 December 2024

 Pre-tax
 Income tax benefit
 Net-of-tax

 6.5

 —

 6.5

 Defined benefit-related adjustments
 (112.0)
 23.9
 (88.1)

 (105.5)

 23.9

 Year ended 31 December 2023

 Pre-tax
 Income tax benefit
 Net-of-tax

 (16.4)

 —

 (16.4)

 Defined benefit-related adjustments
 (86.7)
 25.6
 (61.1)

 (103.1)

 25.6

 IV-55

 Year ended 31 December 2022

 Pre-tax
 Income tax benefit
 Net-of-tax

 30.5

 —

 30.5

 Defined benefit-related adjustments
 (258.3)
 63.0
 (195.3)

 (227.8)

 63.0

 (17) Commitments and Contingencies

 Commitments

 In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that commit our Company to make cash payments in future periods with respect to programming contracts, network and connectivity commitments, purchases of customer premises and other equipment and services, other items, and the JV Service Agreements. The following table sets forth the pound sterling equivalents of such commitments as of 31 December 2024. The commitments included in this table do not reflect any liabilities that are included on our 31 December 2024 consolidated balance sheet.

 Payments due during:

 2025
 2026
 2027
 2028
 2029
 Total

 Programming commitments (a)

 603.3

 604.1

 512.1

 204.4

 —

 —

 1,923.9

 Network and connectivity commitments (b)
 640.9
 92.9
 25.9
 24.0
 19.7
 169.1
 972.5

 Purchase and other commitments (c)
 616.7
 152.8
 91.0
 50.5
 3.8
 —
 914.8

 JV Service Agreements (d)
 195.5
 191.8
 163.1
 145.3
 149.1
 63.7
 908.5

 Total

 2,056.4

 1,041.6

 792.1

 424.2

 172.6

 232.8

 4,719.7

 (a)Programming commitments consist of obligations associated with certain of our programming contracts that are enforceable and legally binding on us as we have agreed to pay minimum fees without regard to (i) the actual number of subscribers to the programming services or (ii) whether we terminate service to a portion of our subscribers or dispose of a portion of our distribution systems. Programming commitments do not include increases in future periods associated with contractual inflation or other price adjustments that are not fixed. Accordingly, the amounts reflected in the above table with respect to these contracts are significantly less than the amounts we expect to pay in these periods under these contracts. Historically, payments to programming vendors have represented a significant portion of our operating costs, and we expect this will continue to be the case in future periods.

 (b)Network and connectivity commitments include (i) service commitments associated with the nexfibre construction programme (see below for further details) and (ii) commitments associated with VMED O2's full fibre upgrade.

 (c)Purchase and other commitments include unconditional and legally binding obligations related to (i) the purchase of CPE and other equipment and (ii) certain service-related commitments, including call centre, information technology and maintenance services.

 (d)Pursuant to the JV Service Agreements entered into in connection with the closing of the JV Transaction, Liberty Global and Telef nica charge VMED O2 fees for the JV Services. The JV Services are provided to us on an ongoing basis. The JV Services provided by the Shareholders and their respective subsidiaries consist primarily of (i) technology and other services, (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that we use or otherwise benefit us, (iii) brand name and procurement fees and (iv) certain corporate services. The amounts set forth in the table above represent fixed minimum charges from Liberty Global and Telef nica pursuant to the JV Service Agreements. In addition to the fixed minimum charges, the JV
 IV-56

 Service Agreements provide for certain JV Services to be charged to us based upon usage of the services received. The fixed minimum charges set forth in the table above exclude fees for the usage-based services as these fees will vary from period to period. Accordingly, we expect to incur charges in addition to those set forth in the table above for usage-based services.

 In addition to the commitments set forth in the table above, we have significant commitments under (i) derivative instruments and (ii) defined benefit plans and similar agreements, pursuant to which we expect to make payments in future periods. For information regarding our derivative instruments, including the net cash paid or received in connection with these instruments, see note 5.

 Guarantees and Other Credit Enhancements

 In the ordinary course of business, we may provide (i) indemnifications to our lenders, our vendors and certain other parties and (ii) performance and/or financial guarantees to local municipalities, our customers and vendors. Historically, these arrangements have not resulted in our Company making any material payments and we do not believe that they will result in material payments in the future.

 Legal and Regulatory Proceedings and Other Contingencies

 Phones 4u. Legal proceedings were issued in the High Court against O2 by the Administrators of Phones 4u. The trial of this case in the High Court took place in 2022 and judgment was handed down in November 2023. The Court rejected all of Phones 4u's claims. After applying for, and being denied permission to, appeal at first instance, the Court of Appeals granted Phones 4u's application. The appeal will be heard in May 2025.

 Class action regarding alleged combined handset and airtime charges overpayment. In December 2023, we received a claim brought against Telefonica UK and the other mobile network operators by an individual acting as a proposed class representative. These claims are brought in the Competition Appeal Tribunal using a specific regime for competition law class actions. It is alleged that the mobile operators are either individually or collectively dominant and that their customers with combined handset and airtime contracts have been overcharged when their handset minimum term contract expired.

 The claimant assesses the value of the claim against Telef nica UK at 256.0 million and against the four mobile network operators at 3.3 billion. The litigation is at an early stage and before it can progress the claim needs to be certified at a Tribunal hearing (i.e. approved by the Tribunal to proceed as a collective action). The certification hearing will take place in March/April 2025. Any final determination of the claim is unlikely for several years. We intend to vigorously defend this matter.

 Other Regulatory Matters. Mobile, broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony businesses are subject to significant regulation and supervision by various regulatory bodies in the UK. Adverse regulatory developments could subject our businesses to a number of risks. Regulation, including conditions imposed on us by competition or other authorities as a requirement to close acquisitions or dispositions, could limit growth, revenue and the number and types of services offered and could lead to increased operating costs and property, plant and equipment additions. In addition, regulation may also restrict our operations and subject them to further competitive pressure, including pricing restrictions, interconnect and other access obligations and restrictions or controls on content, including content provided by third parties. Failure to comply with current or future regulation could expose our businesses to various penalties.

 In addition to the foregoing items, we may have contingent liabilities related to matters arising in the ordinary course of business including (i) legal proceedings, (ii) regulatory compliance matters and investigations, (iii) issues involving VAT and employment, property, withholding and other tax issues and (iv) disputes over interconnection, programming, copyright and channel carriage fees. Ofcom currently has two open investigations over VMED O2 subsidiaries and we are cooperating with Ofcom on these matters. While we generally expect that the amounts required to satisfy these contingencies will not materially differ from any estimated amounts we have accrued, no assurance can be given that the resolution of one or more of these contingencies will not result in a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position in any given period. Due, in general, to the complexity of the issues involved and, in certain cases, the lack of a clear basis for predicting outcomes, we cannot provide a meaningful range of potential losses or cash outflows that might result from any unfavourable outcomes.

 IV-57

 (18) Segment Reporting

 Our CEO, whom we have determined to be our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) assesses the performance of our operations and allocates resources based on a singular reportable segment underpinned by our strategic platform; an integrated communications provider of mobile, broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony to residential customers and organisations in the U.K. Our singular reportable segment derives its results from the same underlying asset base and there is significant fixed-mobile convergence and interlinked business units that align with management's ongoing monitoring of the business.

 The tables presented below in this section provide the details of the revenue and Adjusted EBITDA of our reportable segment for 2024, 2023 and 2022. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our CODM to evaluate operating performance, supporting the singular reportable segment. Our CODM does not use total assets as a primary metric to assess performance of our operations and allocate resources due to the nature of our business.

 Revenue

 Our revenue by major category is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Mobile (a)

 5,687.0

 5,949.3

 5,945.6

 Handset
 1,286.7
 1,521.1
 1,646.5

 Fixed
 3,852.1
 3,872.7
 3,953.6

 Consumer fixed (b)
 3,400.2
 3,325.2
 3,398.7

 Subscription (c)
 3,331.2
 3,266.6
 3,329.7

 Other (d)
 69.0
 58.6
 69.0

 B2B fixed (e)

 451.9
 547.5
 554.9

 Other (f)
 1,141.4
 1,090.7
 492.7

 Total

 10,680.5

 10,912.7

 10,391.9

 (a)Mobile revenue includes amounts received from residential and B2B customers for ongoing services and, amongst other items, revenue from sales of mobile handsets and interconnect revenue.

 (b)Consumer fixed revenue includes subscription and other revenue for ongoing services and the recognition of deferred installation revenue over the associated contract period.

 (c)Consumer fixed subscription revenue includes revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate and is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the standalone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the standalone pricing of our fixed-line and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period. Additionally, we include revenue from certain small or home office subscribers who pay a premium price to receive expanded service levels that are the same or similar to the mass-marketed products offered to our residential subscribers.

 (d)Consumer fixed other revenue includes, amongst other items, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment.

 (e)B2B fixed revenue includes (i) revenue from business broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony services offered to medium to large enterprises and, on a wholesale basis, to other operators and (ii) revenue from long-term leases of portions of our network.

 IV-58

 (f)Other revenue primarily includes revenue from construction management activities provided to nexfibre, amongst other items, such as corporate activities provided to nexfibre, the sale of handset insurance policies, SMIP, the provision of information and communication technology services and associated connectivity to O2 business customers and other services.

 Adjusted EBITDA

 Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our CODM to evaluate operating performance and is also a key factor that is used by our internal decision makers to (i) determine how to allocate resources and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of our management for the purposes of annual and other incentive compensation plans. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as operating income (loss) before net income tax benefit (expense), other non-operating income or expenses, share of results of investments accounted for by the equity method, net finance costs, depreciation and amortisation, share-based compensation, impairment, restructuring and other operating expenses and operating expense costs to capture (Opex CTC). Other operating expenses include (a) gains and losses on the disposition of long-lived assets and (b) third-party costs directly associated with successful and unsuccessful acquisitions and dispositions, including legal, advisory and due diligence fees. Share-based compensation for purposes of calculating Adjusted EBITDA also includes awards granted to VMED O2 employees that are settled with Liberty Global or Telef nica shares. Opex CTC generally include incremental, third-party operating costs that are directly associated with integration activities, restructuring activities and certain other costs associated with aligning our business processes to derive synergies.

 Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure, which investors should view as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, GAAP measures of performance included in our consolidated statements of operations. The following table provides a reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating income (loss)

 812.1

 (1,828.6)

 (2,797.9)

 Depreciation and amortisation (note 7)

 2,591.3
 2,969.3
 3,320.7

 Share-based compensation expense (note 13)

 40.8
 24.9
 43.6

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating expense (note 7)

 79.6
 2,477.2
 3,120.9

 Opex CTC
 51.3
 84.0
 72.7

 Adjusted EBITDA

 3,575.1

 3,726.8

 3,760.0

 Segment expenses

 For details of our segment expenses, primarily our programming and other direct costs of services, other operating expenses and SG&A expenses, see the consolidated statements of operations and note 14. The information presented in the consolidated financial statements is consistent with the information reviewed by our CODM. Further details regarding segment expenses reconciling our net earnings (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA include:

 Depreciation and amortisation expense

 Our depreciation and amortisation expense was 2,591.3 million, 2,969.3 million and 3,320.7 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortisation expense decreased 378.0 million or 12.7% during 2024, as compared to 2023, and decreased 351.4 million or 10.6% during 2023, as compared to 2022. These decreases are primarily due to decreases associated with certain assets becoming fully depreciated.

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating expense

 Our impairment, restructuring and other operating expense was 79.6 million, 2,477.2 million and 3,120.9 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our impairment, restructuring and other operating expense decreased 2,397.6 million or 96.8% during 2024, as compared to 2023, and decreased 643.7 million or 20.6% during 2023, as compared to 2022. The main
 IV-59

 driver of the impairment, restructuring and other operating expense is the goodwill impairment of 2,344.0 million in 2023 and 3,058.0 million in 2022, thus the movements are primarily attributable to the goodwill impairment charges.

 Our interest expense was 1,279.1 million, 1,210.0 million and 821.4 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our interest expense increased 69.1 million or 5.7% during 2024, as compared to 2023, and increased 388.6 million or 47.3% during 2023, as compared to 2022. This increases primarily relates to increases in interest rates on our debt instruments.

 Interest income

 Our interest income was 42.8 million, 48.0 million and 20.8 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our interest income decreased 5.2 million or 10.8% during 2024, as compared to 2023, and increased 27.2 million or 130.8% during 2023, as compared to 2022. These movements primarily relate to changes in bank interest rates on cash balances.

 Income tax (expense) benefit

 Out income tax (expense) benefit was ( 24.6 million), 233.4 million and ( 23.6 million) during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See note 11 for further details.

 (19) Subsequent Events

 In January 2025, VMED O2 entered into $500 million sustainability-linked term loan facility (Term Loan Y1). Term Loan Y1 matures on 31 March 2031 and bears interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus a credit adjustment spread plus 3.25% per annum (subject to adjustment based on the achievement or otherwise of certain ESG metrics). $495 million of the loan will be an exchange of Term Loan N due 2028 into a new tranche of Term Loan Y1 due 2031, which will become fungible with Term Loan Y on 15 April 2025. As per policy, the interest and foreign currency risk of such financing activity is mitigated through a derivative portfolio.

 In March 2025, Cornerstone declared a 55.0 million dividend to O2 Networks, which in turn declared a dividend of 55.0 million to Granstone.
 IV-60

 Independent Auditors' Report

 To the Shareholders and Supervisory Board
 VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V.

 Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

 Opinion

 We have audited the consolidated financial statements of VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V. (a B.V. registered in The Netherlands) and its subsidiaries (the Company), which comprise the consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, "the consolidated financial statements").

 In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations of the Company and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 Basis for Opinion

 We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 Responsibilities of the Management Board for the Consolidated Financial Statements

 The Management Board is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued.

 Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

 Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the consolidated financial statements.

 In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

 • Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
 IV-61

 • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

 • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

 • Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

 We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control related matters that we identified during the audit.

 /s/ KPMG Accountants N.V.

 Amstelveen, The Netherlands
 March 28, 2023

 IV-62

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 2024*
 2023*

 ASSETS

 Current assets:

 745.1

 116.6

 Trade receivables, net (note 3)
 130.5
 157.0

 Related-party receivables (note 11)
 35.5
 23.0

 Prepaid expenses
 57.0
 57.7

 Derivative instruments (note 5)
 311.8
 218.0

 Contract assets (note 4)
 103.6
 166.3

 Other current assets, net (note 4)
 115.9
 96.1

 Total current assets
 1,499.4
 834.7

 Property and equipment, net (notes 7 and 9)
 4,677.4
 4,760.4

 Goodwill (note 7)
 7,375.5
 7,375.5

 Intangible assets subject to amortization, net (note 7)
 3,318.6
 3,884.1

 Long-term derivative instruments (note 5)
 717.2
 508.2

 Other assets, net (notes 4 and 9)
 409.8
 454.5

 Total assets

 17,997.9

 17,817.4

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-63

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — (Continued)

 2024*
 2023*

 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Current liabilities:

 Accounts payable (note 11)

 424.0

 453.4

 Deferred revenue and advance payments from subscribers and others (note 4)
 205.8
 210.3

 Value-added taxes (VAT) payable

 135.5
 136.2

 Accrued interest (note 8)
 152.2
 178.0

 Current portion of third-party debt and finance lease obligations (notes 8 and 9)
 1,007.4
 1,014.5

 Derivative instruments (note 5)
 175.4
 48.6

 Accrued and other current liabilities (notes 9, 10 and 11)
 379.6
 424.1

 Total current liabilities
 2,479.9
 2,465.1

 Long-term debt and finance lease obligations (notes 8 and 9):

 Third-party
 10,925.4
 10,135.6

 Related-party (note 11)

 Deferred income taxes (note 10)
 820.9
 1,044.6

 Other long-term liabilities (notes 4, 5, 9 and 11)
 337.9
 375.7

 Total liabilities
 16,379.9
 15,836.8

 Commitments and contingencies (notes 5, 11 and 12)

 Total shareholders' equity
 1,618.0
 1,980.6

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 17,997.9

 17,817.4

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-64

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 2024*
 2023*
 2022

 Revenue (notes 4, 11 and 13)

 4,113.8

 4,114.7

 4,065.6

 Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, shown separately below):

 Programming and other direct costs of services (note 11)

 843.2
 835.7
 841.3

 Other operating (note 9)
 497.5
 552.0
 465.5

 Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) (notes 4, 9 and 11)

 698.9
 696.6
 629.7

 Charges for JV Services (note 11)

 194.1
 206.7
 214.3

 Depreciation and amortization
 1,568.0
 1,550.6
 1,528.4

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net (notes 7 and 11)
 15.3
 41.4
 12.5

 3,817.0
 3,883.0
 3,691.7

 Operating income
 296.8
 231.7
 373.9

 Non-operating income (expense):

 Interest expense:

 Third-party

 (658.1)
 (626.2)
 (473.3)

 Related-party (note 11)

 (102.5)

 Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net (note 5)

 492.4
 (260.4)
 1,189.6

 Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net

 (391.6)
 189.5
 (344.7)

 Losses on debt extinguishment, net (note 8)
 —
 —
 (71.1)

 Other income (expense), net
 6.0
 (0.6)
 4.9

 (653.8)
 (799.9)
 203.2

 Earnings (loss) before income taxes

 (357.0)
 (568.2)
 577.1

 Income tax benefit (expense) (note 10)
 119.4
 96.7
 (202.7)

 (237.6)

 (471.5)

 374.4

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-65

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Share capital
 Additional paid in capital
 Accumulated deficit
 Total

 Balance at January 1, 2022

 0.0001

 3,715.6

 (937.7)

 2,777.9

 Net earnings
 —
 —
 374.4
 374.4

 Distributions to Shareholders (note 11)
 —
 (500.0)
 —
 (500.0)

 Other
 —
 (0.2)
 —
 (0.2)

 Balance at December 31, 2022
 0.0001
 3,215.4
 (563.3)
 2,652.1

 Net loss*
 —
 —
 (471.5)
 (471.5)

 Distributions to Shareholders (note 11)*
 —
 (200.0)
 —
 (200.0)

 Balance at December 31, 2023*
 0.0001
 3,015.4
 (1,034.8)
 1,980.6

 Net loss*
 —
 —
 (237.6)
 (237.6)

 Distributions to Shareholders (note 11)*
 —
 (125.0)
 —
 (125.0)

 Balance at December 31, 2024*

 0.0001

 2,890.4

 (1,272.4)

 1,618.0

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-66

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 2024*
 2023*
 2022

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 (237.6)

 (471.5)

 374.4

 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization
 1,568.0
 1,550.6
 1,528.4

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net
 15.3
 41.4
 12.5

 Amortization of debt premiums, deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest
 7.3
 6.8
 6.6

 Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivative instruments, net
 (492.4)
 260.4
 (1,189.6)

 Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net
 391.6
 (189.5)
 344.7

 Losses on debt extinguishment, net
 —
 —
 71.1

 Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
 (223.7)
 (182.5)
 54.0

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities

 333.4
 232.7
 184.4

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 1,361.9
 1,248.4
 1,386.5

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Capital expenditures
 (526.7)
 (590.6)
 (491.1)

 Cash paid for spectrum licenses
 (57.6)
 —
 —

 Other investing activities, net
 5.0
 3.0
 1.8

 Net cash used by investing activities

 (579.3)

 (587.6)

 (489.3)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 IV-67

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)

 2024*
 2023*
 2022

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Borrowings of third-party debt

 1,361.0

 655.8

 186.4

 Operating-related vendor financing additions
 790.3
 776.1
 733.6

 Repayments of third-party debt and finance lease obligations:

 Debt (excluding vendor financing)
 (963.2)
 (662.2)
 (145.0)

 Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing
 (782.3)
 (738.8)
 (715.8)

 Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing
 (428.6)
 (456.9)
 (532.4)

 Principal payments on finance leases
 (9.1)
 (8.2)
 (8.2)

 Distributions to Shareholders
 (125.0)
 (200.0)
 (500.0)

 Payments of financing costs and debt premiums
 (6.3)
 (0.1)
 (65.3)

 Other financing activities, net
 0.5
 (1.2)
 0.8

 Net cash used by financing activities
 (162.7)
 (635.5)
 (1,045.9)

 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 0.1
 —
 1.3

 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 620.0
 25.3
 (147.4)

 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

 Beginning of year
 125.2
 99.9
 247.3

 End of year

 745.2

 125.2

 99.9

 Cash paid for interest:

 Cash paid for third-party interest

 739.9

 584.5

 462.6

 Cash paid for related-party interest
 102.5
 102.2
 102.2

 Total

 842.4

 686.7

 564.8

 Cash paid for income taxes

 120.8

 160.6

 101.6

 Details of end of period cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:

 745.1

 116.6

 93.6

 Restricted cash (included in other current assets, net)
 0.1
 8.6
 6.3

 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 745.2

 125.2

 99.9

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 (1) Basis of Presentation
 VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V. (VodafoneZiggo) provides fixed, mobile and integrated communication and entertainment services to consumers and businesses in the Netherlands. In these notes, the terms "we," "our," "our company", and "us" may refer, as the context requires, to VodafoneZiggo or collectively to VodafoneZiggo and its subsidiaries.

 VodafoneZiggo is a 50:50 joint venture (the VodafoneZiggo JV) between Vodafone Group plc (Vodafone) and Liberty Global Ltd. (Liberty Global) (each a "Shareholder"). The formation of the VodafoneZiggo JV (the JV Transaction) was completed on December 31, 2016.

 These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally applied in the United States (GAAP). Our functional currency is the euro (). Unless otherwise indicated, convenience translations into euros are calculated as of December 31, 2024.

 The consolidated financial statements are unaudited for 2024 and 2023.

 These consolidated financial statements reflect our consideration of the accounting and disclosure implications of subsequent events through March 21, 2025, the date of issuance.

 (2) Accounting Changes and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 Accounting Changes

 ASU 2022-04

 In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (ASU 2022-04), which requires additional disclosures for buyers participating in supplier financing programs, which we refer to as vendor financing, including (i) the key terms of the arrangement, (ii) the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, (iii) the balance sheet presentation of related amounts and (iv) a reconciliation of the balances from period to period. We adopted ASU 2022-04 on January 1, 2023, and such adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For additional information regarding our vendor financing obligations, see note 8.

 ASU 2020-04

 In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04), which provides, for a limited time, optional expedients and exceptions for certain contract modifications that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the expiration date of ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. In accordance with the optional expedients in ASU 2020-04, we have modified all applicable debt agreements to replace LIBOR with another reference rate and applied the practical expedient to account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract. The use of optional expedients in ASU 2020-04 has not had a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date. For additional information regarding our debt, see note 8.

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 ASU 2024-03

 In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) (ASU 2024-03), which requires disclosure of certain categories of expenses such as the purchase of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are components of existing expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied prospectively, however, retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on our disclosures.

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 ASU 2023-09

 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which is intended to enhance the transparency of income tax matters within financial statements, providing stakeholders with a clearer understanding of tax positions and their associated risks and uncertainties. ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities to disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. There is a further requirement that public business entities will need to disclose a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 will result in modifications to our tax disclosures beginning in 2025.

 (3) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 Estimates

 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things, the valuation of allowances for uncollectible accounts, certain components of revenue, programming and copyright expenses, deferred income taxes and related valuation allowances, loss contingencies, fair value measurements, impairment assessments, capitalization of internal costs associated with construction and installation activities and the development of internal-use software and useful lives of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 Principles of Consolidation

 The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of all voting interest entities where we exercise a controlling financial interest through the ownership of a direct or indirect controlling voting interest and variable interest entities for which our company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

 Cash equivalents consist of money market funds and other investments that are readily convertible into cash and have maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. We record money market funds at the net asset value as there are no restrictions on our ability, contractual or otherwise, to redeem our investments at the stated net asset value.

 Restricted cash consists of cash held in restricted accounts, including cash held as collateral for debt and other compensating balances. Restricted cash amounts that are required to be used to purchase long-term assets or repay long-term debt are classified as long-term assets. All other cash that is restricted to a specific use is classified as current or long-term based on the expected timing of the disbursement.

 Our significant non-cash investing and financing activities are disclosed in notes 7, 8 and 9 to our consolidated financial statements.

 Cash Flow Statement

 For purposes of determining the classification of cash flows in our consolidated statements of cash flows, interest payments or receipts for related-party loans are included as cash flows from operating activities. All other related-party borrowings, advances, and repayments are reflected as financing activities.

 For purposes of our consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor on our behalf as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. When we pay the financing intermediary, we record financing cash outflows in our consolidated statements of cash flows. The capital expenditures that we report in our consolidated statements of cash flows do not include amounts that are financed under capital-
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 related vendor financing or finance lease arrangements. Instead, these amounts are reflected as non-cash additions to our property and equipment when the underlying assets are delivered, and as repayments of debt when the principal is repaid.

 Trade Receivables

 Our trade receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated 25.4 million and 26.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our current estimate of lifetime expected credit losses related to uncollectible accounts receivable. We use a number of factors in determining the allowance, including, among other things, collection trends, prevailing and anticipated economic conditions, and specific customer credit risk. The allowance is maintained until either payment is received or the likelihood of collection is considered to be remote.

 Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited due to the large number of residential and business customers. We also manage this risk by disconnecting services to customers whose accounts are delinquent.

 Financial Instruments

 Due to the short maturities of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, related-party receivables, contract assets, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities, VAT payable and accrued interest, their respective carrying values approximate their respective fair values. For information concerning the fair values of certain of our derivatives and debt, see notes 5 and 8, respectively. For information regarding how we arrive at certain of our fair value measurements, see note 6.

 Derivative Instruments

 All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. We generally do not apply hedge accounting to our derivative instruments, therefore changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in earnings or loss.

 The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows.

 For additional information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 5.

 Property and Equipment

 Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. We capitalize costs associated with the construction of new, or upgrades to existing, fixed and mobile transmission and distribution facilities, the installation of new fixed-line services and the development of internal-use software. Capitalized construction and installation costs include materials, labor, and other directly attributable costs. Installation activities that are capitalized include (i) the initial connection (or drop) from our fixed-line system to a customer location, (ii) the replacement of a drop, and (iii) the installation of equipment for new, or upgrades to existing fixed-line services. The costs of other customer-facing activities, such as reconnecting and disconnecting customer locations and repairing or maintaining drops, are expensed as incurred. Interest capitalized with respect to construction activities was not material during any of the periods presented.

 Capitalized internal-use software is included as a component of property and equipment. We capitalize internal and external costs directly associated with the development of internal-use software. We also capitalize costs associated with the purchase of software licenses. Maintenance and training costs, as well as costs incurred during the preliminary stage of an internal-use software development project, are expensed as incurred.

 Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Equipment under finance leases is amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Useful lives used to depreciate our property and equipment are assessed periodically and are adjusted when warranted. The useful lives of fixed and mobile distribution systems that are undergoing a rebuild are adjusted such that property and
 IV-71

 equipment to be retired will be fully depreciated by the time the rebuild is completed. For additional information regarding the useful lives of our property and equipment, see note 7.

 Additions, replacements, and improvements that extend the asset life are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations.

 We recognize a liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which it is incurred if sufficient information is available to make a reasonable estimate of fair values. Asset retirement obligations may arise from the loss of rights of way that we obtain from local municipalities or other relevant authorities. Under certain circumstances, the authorities could require us to remove our network equipment from an area if, for example, we were to discontinue using the equipment for an extended period of time or the authorities were to decide not to renew our access rights. However, because the rights of way are integral to our ability to deliver broadband communications services to our customers, we expect to conduct our business in a manner that will allow us to maintain these rights for the foreseeable future. In addition, we have no reason to believe that the authorities will not renew our rights of way and, historically, renewals have been granted. We also have obligations in lease agreements to restore the property to its original condition or remove our property at the end of the lease term. Sufficient information is not available to estimate the fair value of our asset retirement obligations in certain of our lease arrangements. This is the case for long-term lease arrangements in which the underlying leased property is integral to our operations, there is not an acceptable alternative to the leased property and we have the ability to indefinitely renew the lease. Accordingly, for most of our rights of way and certain lease agreements, the possibility is remote that we will incur significant removal costs in the foreseeable future and, as such, we do not have sufficient information to make a reasonable estimate of fair value for these asset retirement obligations.

 As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the recorded value of our asset retirement obligations was 26.4 million and 19.4 million, respectively.

 Intangible Assets

 Our primary intangible assets relate to (i) goodwill, (ii) customer relationships and (iii) mobile spectrum licenses. Goodwill represents the fair value of the combined business of the VodafoneZiggo JV in excess of the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities assumed upon closing of the JV Transaction. Customer relationships are initially recorded at their fair values in connection with business combinations and subsequently at cost less accumulated amortization and impairments, if any. Upon closing the JV Transaction, our licenses were recorded at their fair value and subsequent to the closing of the JV Transaction, we record licenses at costs less accumulated amortization and impairments, if any.

 Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed for impairment.

 For additional information regarding the useful lives of our intangible assets, see note 7.

 Impairment of Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets

 When circumstances warrant, we review the carrying amounts of our property and equipment and our intangible assets (other than goodwill) to determine whether such carrying amounts continue to be recoverable. Such changes in circumstance may include (i) an expectation of a sale or disposal of a long-lived asset or asset group, (ii) adverse changes in market or competitive conditions, (iii) an adverse change in legal factors or business climate in the market in which we operate and (iv) operating or cash flow losses. For purposes of impairment testing, long-lived assets are grouped at the lowest level for which cash flows are largely independent of other assets and liabilities, generally at or below the reporting unit level (see below). If the carrying amount of the asset or asset group is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by such asset or asset group, an impairment adjustment is recognized. Such adjustment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. We generally measure fair value by considering (a) sale prices for similar assets, (b) discounted estimated future cash flows using an appropriate discount rate and/or (c) estimated replacement cost. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

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 We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually on October 1 and whenever facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We make a qualitative assessment to determine if the goodwill may be impaired. If it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, we then compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its respective carrying amount. Any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value would be charged to operations as an impairment loss. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a "component"). We have identified one reporting unit to which all goodwill is assigned.

 Leases

 For leases with a term greater than 12 months, we recognize on the lease commencement date (i) right-of-use (ROU) assets representing our right to use an underlying asset and (ii) lease liabilities representing our obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. Lease and non-lease components in a contract are generally accounted for separately.

 We initially measure lease liabilities at the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. Options to extend or terminate the lease are included only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. As our leases do not provide enough information to determine an implicit interest rate, we use a portfolio level incremental borrowing rate in our present value calculation. We initially measure ROU assets at the value of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, less any lease incentives received.

 With respect to our finance leases, (i) ROU assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the asset and (ii) interest expense on the lease liability is recorded using the effective interest method. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases), we do not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. Short-term lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 Income Taxes

 Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, and the expected benefits of utilizing operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more-likely-than-not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Recognized tax positions are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Net deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on our evaluation of all available evidence, we believe it is more likely-than-not such net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in tax laws or rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in earnings or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. Interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities are included in income tax expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

 The VodafoneZiggo Fiscal Unity, established on the level of VodafoneZiggo, is one taxpayer for Dutch tax purposes.

 For additional information regarding our income taxes, see note 10

 Multiemployer Benefit Plans

 We are a party to multiemployer benefit plans and we recognize the required contribution paid or payable for these plans during the period as net postretirement benefit costs.

 Foreign Currency Transactions

 Transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Changes in exchange rates with respect to amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheets related to these non-functional currency transactions result in transaction gains and losses that are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as unrealized (based on the applicable period end exchange rates) or realized upon settlement of the transactions.
 IV-73

 Revenue Recognition

 Service Revenue — Fixed Network. We recognize revenue from the provision of video, broadband internet and fixed-line telephony services over our fixed network to customers over time in the periods the related services are provided, with the exception of revenue recognized pursuant to certain contracts that contain promotional discounts, as described below. Installation fees related to services provided over our fixed network are generally deferred and recognized as revenue over the contractual period.

 Sale of Multiple Products and Services. We sell video, broadband internet, fixed-line telephony and mobile services and handsets to our customers in bundled packages at a rate lower than if the customer purchased each product on a stand-alone basis. Revenue from bundled packages generally is allocated proportionally to the individual products or services based on the relative stand-alone selling price for each respective product or service.

 Mobile Revenue — General. Consideration from mobile contracts is allocated to the airtime service component and the handset component based on the relative stand-alone selling prices of each component. Offers for handsets and airtime services in separate contracts entered into at the same time are accounted for as a single contract.

 Mobile Revenue — Airtime Services. We recognize revenue from mobile services over time in the periods the related services are provided. Revenue from pre-pay customers is deferred prior to the commencement of services and recognized as the services are rendered or usage rights expire.

 Mobile Revenue — Handset Revenue. Arrangement consideration allocated to handsets is recognized as revenue at the point in time in which the goods have been transferred to the customer. Mobile handset contracts that permit the customer to take control of the handset upfront and pay for the handset in installments over a contractual period may contain a significant financing component. For contracts with terms of one year or more, we recognize the significant financing component as revenue over the contractual period using the effective interest method.

 B2B Fixed Revenue. We defer upfront installation and certain nonrecurring fees received on B2B contracts where we maintain ownership of the installed equipment. The deferred fees are amortized into revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance.

 Contract Costs. Incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer, such as incremental sales commissions, are generally recognized as assets and amortized over the applicable period benefited, which generally is the contract life, to (i) SG&A expenses or (ii) in the case of commissions earned on devices sold through indirect channels, against service revenue. If, however, the amortization period is less than one year, we expense such costs in the period incurred.

 Contract fulfillment costs are recognized as assets and amortized to other operating costs over the applicable period benefited, which is generally the substantive contract term for the related service contract. Installation activities are not considered to be contract fulfillment costs. Instead, installation costs are capitalized, where applicable, under existing industry guidance for cable entities.

 Promotional Discounts. For subscriber promotions, such as discounted or free services during an introductory period, revenue is recognized uniformly over the contractual period if the contract has substantive termination penalties. For subscriber promotions offered for longer than an introductory period, we allocate discounts over the related performance obligations and the related period of delivery.

 Subscriber Advance Payments and Deposits. Payments received in advance for the services we provide are deferred and recognized as revenue when the associated services are provided.

 Sales, Use, and Other VAT. Revenue is recorded net of applicable sales, use and other VAT.

 For a summary of our revenue disaggregated by major category, see note 13.

 Programming Costs
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 Programming costs include (i) agreements to distribute channels to our customers and (ii) sports rights.

 Channel Distribution Agreements. Our channel distribution agreements are generally multi-year contracts for which we are charged either (i) variable rates based upon the number of subscribers or (ii) on a flat fee basis. Certain of our variable rate contracts require minimum guarantees. For contracts containing minimum guarantees, we accrue based on the greater of the minimum guarantee or the amount calculated off the actual number of subscribers. Programming costs under such arrangements are recorded in programming and other direct costs of services in our consolidated statement of operations during the period when the programming is available for viewing.

 Sports Rights. Our sports rights agreements are generally multi-year contracts for which we are typically charged a flat fee per season. We typically pay for sports rights in advance of the respective season. The current and long-term portions of any payments made in advance of the respective season are recorded as other current assets, net and other assets, net, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective sporting season. Sports rights are regularly reviewed for impairment and held at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated net realizable value.

 For additional information regarding our programming costs, see note 12.

 Litigation Costs

 Legal fees and related litigation costs are expensed as incurred.

 (4) Revenue Recognition and Related Costs

 Contract Balances

 If we transfer goods or services to a customer but do not have an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset. Contract assets typically arise from the delivery of a handset that is paid for over the duration of the contract period or the uniform recognition of introductory promotional discounts over the contract period. Our contract assets were 137.9 million and 234.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Such allowance aggregated 3.3 million and 5.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The long-term portions of our contract asset balances are included within other assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 We record deferred revenue when we receive payment prior to transferring goods or services to a customer. We primarily defer revenue for (i) services that are invoiced prior to when services are provided and (ii) installation and other upfront services. Our deferred revenue balances were 217.0 million and 214.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The long-term portions of our deferred revenue balances are included within other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

 Contract Costs

 Our aggregate assets associated with incremental costs to obtain and fulfill our contracts were 85.5 million and 76.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The current and long-term portions of our assets related to contract costs are included within other current assets, net and other assets, net, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we amortized 96.1 million, 84.6 million and 80.8 million, respectively, to programming and other direct costs of services expenses and other operating expenses.

 Sale of handset receivables

 In December 2024, we entered into a securitization facility related to our mobile handset loan receivables. The securitization facility has a three-year term, during which we may sell and assign mobile handset loan receivables to VZ Financing Receivables B.V., an unconsolidated special purpose financing entity (SPE). In December 2024, we received proceeds of 147.8 million associated with the sale and assignment of mobile handset loan receivables under this securitization facility. We recognized 7.4 million of expenses associated with the sale and assignment of these mobile handset loan receivables, which is included in SG&A expenses in our consolidated statement of operations.
 IV-75

 Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

 A large portion of our revenue is derived from customers whose initial contracts have been extended. A large portion of these customers have a one month notice period. Revenue from customers who are subject to initial contracts will be recognized over the term of such contracts, which is generally 12-24 months for our residential contracts and one to five years for our B2B service contracts.

 (5) Derivative Instruments

 In general, we enter into derivative instruments to protect against (i) increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt and (ii) foreign currency movements with respect to borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency. In this regard, we have entered into various derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposure and foreign currency exposure with respect to the United States (U.S.) dollar ($).

 The following table provides details of the fair values of our derivative instrument assets and liabilities:

 December 31, 2024
 December 31, 2023

 Long-term (a)
 Total
 Long-term (a)
 Total

 Assets:

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)

 310.8

 716.9

 1,027.7

 218.0

 508.2

 726.2

 1.0
 0.3
 1.3
 —
 —
 —

 Total

 311.8

 717.2

 1,029.0

 218.0

 508.2

 726.2

 Liabilities:

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts (b)

 175.2

 24.6

 199.8

 48.4

 69.3

 117.7

 0.2
 —
 0.2
 0.2
 —
 0.2

 Total

 175.4

 24.6

 200.0

 48.6

 69.3

 117.9

 ________________

 (a) Our long-term derivative liabilities are included in other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

 (b) We consider credit risk relating to our and our counterparties' non-performance in the fair value assessment of our derivative instruments. In all cases, the adjustments take into account offsetting liability or asset positions. The changes in the credit risk valuation adjustments associated with our cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts resulted in net gains (losses) of ( 17.7 million), 22.7 million and ( 36.8 million) during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, in our consolidated statements of operations. For further information regarding our fair value measurements, see note 6.

 The details of our realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net, are as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts

 490.6

 (260.2)

 1,189.3

 1.8
 (0.2)
 0.3

 Total

 492.4

 (260.4)

 1,189.6

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 The net cash received or paid related to our derivative instruments is classified as an operating, investing or financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows based on the objective of the derivative instrument and the classification of the applicable underlying cash flows. The following table sets forth the classification of the net cash inflows of our derivative instruments:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating activities

 269.8

 161.8

 42.2

 Financing activities
 1.9
 —
 1.8

 Total

 271.7

 161.8

 44.0

 Counterparty Credit Risk

 We are exposed to the risk that the counterparties to our derivative instruments will default on their obligations to us. We manage these credit risks through the evaluation and monitoring of the creditworthiness of and concentration of risk with the respective counterparties. In this regard, credit risk associated with our derivative instruments is spread across a relatively broad counterparty base of banks and financial institutions, however notwithstanding, given the size of our derivative portfolio, the default of certain counterparties could have a significant impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Collateral is generally not posted by either party under our derivative instruments. At December 31, 2024, our exposure to counterparty credit risk included derivative assets with an aggregate fair value of 834.0 million.

 We have entered into derivative instruments under master agreements with each counterparty that contain master netting arrangements that are applicable in the event of early termination by either party to such derivative instrument. The master netting arrangements under each of these master agreements are limited to the derivative instruments governed by the relevant master agreement and are independent of similar arrangements.

 Under our derivative contracts, it is generally only the non-defaulting party that has a contractual option to exercise early termination rights upon the default of the other counterparty and to set off other liabilities against sums due upon such termination. However, in an insolvency of a derivative counterparty, under the laws of certain jurisdictions, the defaulting counterparty or its insolvency representatives may be able to compel the termination of one or more derivative contracts and trigger early termination payment liabilities payable by us, reflecting any mark-to-market value of the contracts for the counterparty. Alternatively, or in addition, the insolvency laws of certain jurisdictions may require the mandatory set off of amounts due under such derivative contracts against present and future liabilities owed to us under other contracts between us and the relevant counterparty. Accordingly, it is possible that we may be subject to obligations to make payments, or may have present or future liabilities owed to us partially or fully discharged by set off as a result of such obligations, in the event of the insolvency of a derivative counterparty, even though it is the counterparty that is in default and not us. To the extent that we are required to make such payments, our ability to do so will depend on our liquidity and capital resources at the time. In an insolvency of a defaulting counterparty, we will be an unsecured creditor in respect of any amount owed to us by the defaulting counterparty, except to the extent of the value of any collateral we have obtained from that counterparty.

 In addition, where a counterparty is in financial difficulty, under the laws of certain jurisdictions, the relevant regulators may be able to (i) compel the termination of one or more derivative instruments, determine the settlement amount and/or compel, without any payment, the partial or full discharge of liabilities arising from such early termination that are payable by the relevant counterparty or (ii) transfer the derivative instruments to an alternative counterparty.

 Details of our Derivative Instruments

 In the following tables, we present the details of the various categories of our derivative instruments. The notional amounts of multiple derivative instruments that mature within the same calendar month are shown in the aggregate and interest rates are presented on a weighted average basis. In addition, for derivative instruments that were in effect as of December 31, 2024, we present a single date that represents the applicable final maturity date. For derivative instruments that become effective
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 subsequent to December 31, 2024, we present a range of dates that represents the period covered by the applicable derivative instruments.

 Cross-currency Swap Contracts

 We generally match the denomination of our borrowings with our functional currency or, when it is more cost effective, we provide for an economic hedge against foreign currency exchange rate movements by using derivative instruments to synthetically convert unmatched debt into the applicable underlying currency. At December 31, 2024, substantially all of our debt was either directly or synthetically matched to our functional currency. The weighted average remaining contractual life of our cross-currency derivative contracts at December 31, 2024 was 2.3 years. The terms of our outstanding cross-currency swap contracts at December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Final maturity date
 Notional
due from
 Notional
due to
due from
due to

 January 2025 (a)
 $
 2,230.0

 1,985.9
 4.03%
 2.95%

 April 2028
 $
 2,050.0

 1,581.0
 6 mo. SOFR + 2.93%
 3.82%

 January 2030
 $
 1,525.0

 1,356.9
 5.00%
 3.53%

 January 2025 (a)

 872.1
 $
 980.0
 0.31%
 0.33%

 January 2028
 $
 500.0

 450.0
 4.88%
 6 mo. EURIBOR + 3.04%

 February 2028
 $
 500.0

 429.9
 5.13%
 3.64%

 January 2028
 $
 491.0

 406.8
 4.88%
 3.85%

 April 2028
 $
 475.0

 431.4
 6 mo. SOFR + 2.93%
 6 mo. EURIBOR + 2.58%

 April 2025
 $
 325.0

 302.8
 6 mo. SOFR + 2.93%
 6 mo. EURIBOR + 2.42%

 ________________

 (a)Includes certain derivative instruments that do not involve the exchange of notional amounts at the inception and maturity of the instruments. Accordingly, the only cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are interest-related payments and receipts. At December 31, 2024, the total euro equivalent of the notional amounts of these derivative instruments was 1,476.0 million.

 Interest Rate Swap Contracts

 As noted above, we enter into interest rate swap contracts to protect against increases in the interest rates on our variable-rate debt. Pursuant to these derivative instruments, we typically pay fixed interest rates and receive variable interest rates on specified notional amounts. At December 31, 2024, the related weighted average remaining contractual life of our interest rate swap contracts was 4.0 years. The terms of our outstanding interest rate swap contracts at December 31, 2024, are as follows:

 Final maturity date
 Notional amount
 Interest rate due from
 Interest rate due to

 January 2029

 2,250.0
 6 mo. EURIBOR
 1.20%

 January 2028
 450.0
 6 mo. EURIBOR
 0.03%

 April 2028
 431.4
 6 mo. EURIBOR
 1.59%

 December 2030
 120.0
 1 mo. EURIBOR
 2.10%

 December 2030
 120.0
 2.10%
 1 mo. EURIBOR

 April 2025
 11.0
 6 mo. EURIBOR
 2.71%

 3,382.4

 IV-78

 Basis Swaps

 Our basis swaps involve the exchange of attributes used to calculate our floating interest rates, including (i) the benchmark rate, (ii) the underlying currency, and/or (iii) the borrowing period. We typically enter into these swaps to optimize our interest rate profile based on our current evaluations of yield curves, our risk management policies and other factors. At December 31, 2024, the euro equivalent of the notional amount due from the counterparty was 4,689.8 million and the related weighted average remaining contractual life of our interest basis swap contracts was 0.5 years. The terms of our outstanding basis swap contracts at December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Final maturity date
 Notional
due from
due to

 October 2025
 $
 2,525.0
 1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.61%
 6 mo. SOFR + 2.65%

 February 2025

 2,250.0
 1 mo. EURIBOR + 3.00%
 6 mo. EURIBOR + 2.89%

 Interest Rate Options

 From time to time, we enter into interest rate cap, floor and collar agreements. Purchased interest rate caps and collars lock in a maximum interest rate if variable rates rise, but also allow our company to benefit, to a limited extent in the case of collars, from declines in market rates. Purchased interest rate floors protect us from interest rates falling below a certain level, generally to match a floating rate floor on a debt instrument. At December 31, 2024, we had no interest rate collar agreements, and the euro equivalent of notional amounts of our interest rate floor was 2,250.0 million.

 Impact of Derivative Instruments on Borrowing Costs

 The impact of the derivative instruments that mitigate our foreign currency and interest rate risk, as described above, was a decrease of 137 basis points to our borrowing costs as of December 31, 2024.

 Foreign Currency Forwards and Swaps

 We enter into foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency swap contracts with respect to non-functional currency exposure. At December 31, 2024, the euro equivalent of the notional amount of our foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency swap contracts was 30.8 million.

 (6) Fair Value Measurements
 We use the fair value method to account for our derivative instruments. The reported fair values of these derivative instruments as of December 31, 2024, are unlikely to represent the value that will be paid or received upon the ultimate settlement or disposition of these assets and liabilities.

 GAAP provides for a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We record transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 at the beginning of the quarter during which the transfer occurred. During 2024, no such transfers were made.

 All of our Level 2 inputs (interest rate futures and swap rates) and certain of our Level 3 inputs (credit spreads) are obtained from pricing services. These inputs, or interpolations or extrapolations thereof, are used in our internal models to calculate, among other items, yield curves and forward interest and currency rates. In the normal course of business, we receive market value assessments from the counterparties to our derivative contracts. Although we compare these assessments to our internal valuations and investigate unexpected differences, we do not otherwise rely on counterparty quotes to determine the
 IV-79

 fair values of our derivative instruments. The midpoints of applicable bid and ask ranges generally are used as inputs for our internal valuations.

 In order to manage our interest rate and foreign currency exchange risk, we have entered into various derivative instruments as further described in note 5. The recurring fair value measurements of these instruments are determined using discounted cash flow models. Most of the inputs to these discounted cash flow models consist of, or are derived from, observable Level 2 data for substantially the full term of these instruments. This observable data mostly includes currency rates, interest rate futures and swap rates, which are retrieved or derived from available market data. Although we may extrapolate or interpolate this data, we do not otherwise alter this data in performing our valuations. We use a Monte Carlo based approach to incorporate a credit risk valuation adjustment in our fair value measurements to estimate the impact of both our own non-performance risk and the non-performance risk of our counterparties. The inputs used for our credit risk valuation adjustments, including our and our counterparties' credit spreads represent our most significant Level 3 inputs, and these inputs are used to derive the credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to these instruments. As we would not expect these parameters to have a significant impact on the valuations of these instruments, we have determined that these valuations fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Our credit risk valuation adjustments with respect to our cross-currency and interest rate swap contracts are quantified and further explained in note 5.

 Fair value measurements are also used in connection with nonrecurring valuations performed in connection with impairment assessments and acquisition accounting. During 2024 and 2023, we did not perform significant nonrecurring fair value measurements.

 A summary of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

 2024 (a)
 2023 (a)

 Assets:

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts

 1,027.7

 726.2

 1.3
 —

 Total

 1,029.0

 726.2

 Liabilities:

 Cross-currency and interest rate derivative contracts

 199.8

 117.7

 0.2
 0.2

 Total

 200.0

 117.9

 (a)At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we used significant other observable inputs (Level 2) to measure all of our fair value assets and liabilities.

 IV-80

 (7) Long-lived Assets
 Property and Equipment, Net

 The details of our property and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are set forth below:

 Estimated useful life at December 31, 2024

 2024
 2023

 Distribution systems
 4 to 30 years

 6,299.8

 6,149.8

 Support equipment, buildings and land
 3 to 40 years
 1,111.1
 1,072.3

 Customer premises equipment (CPE)

 3 to 5 years
 994.1
 1,023.9

 8,405.0
 8,246.0

 Accumulated depreciation
 (3,727.6)
 (3,485.6)

 Total property and equipment, net

 4,677.4

 4,760.4

 Depreciation expense related to our property and equipment was 944.8 million, 920.8 million and 906.4 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash increases to our property and equipment related to vendor financing arrangements of 380.4 million, 374.0 million and 462.8 million, respectively, which exclude related VAT of 40.2 million, 45.7 million and 51.4 million, respectively, that were also financed under these arrangements.

 Certain of our property and equipment is subject to a security right granted under our various debt instruments. For additional information, see note 8.

 During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded impairment charges of 6.9 million, 3.6 million and 0.8 million, respectively. These amounts were primarily related to property and equipment.

 Goodwill

 Our goodwill represents the equity of the VodafoneZiggo JV contributed businesses in excess of the fair value of our net identifiable assets and liabilities. There were no changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill during 2024 and 2023.

 If, among other factors, the adverse impacts of economic competitive, regulatory or other factors were to cause our operations or cash flows to be worse than anticipated, or if our weighted average cost of capital increases, we could conclude in future periods that impairment charges are required in order to reduce the carrying values of our goodwill, and, to a lesser extent, other long-lived assets. Any such impairment charges could be significant.

 Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization, Net

 The details of our intangible assets subject to amortization are set forth below:

 Estimated
useful life at
2024 (a)
 December 31, 2024
 December 31, 2023

 Gross carrying amount
 Accumulated amortization
 Net carrying amount
 Gross carrying amount
 Accumulated amortization
 Net carrying amount

 Customer relationships
 9 to 20 years

 6,360.0

 (4,018.7)

 2,341.3

 6,360.0

 (3,509.3)

 2,850.7

 Licenses
 17 to 20 years
 1,528.6
 (734.9)
 793.7
 1,470.9
 (631.9)
 839.0

 Trade name
 25 years
 270.0
 (86.4)
 183.6
 270.0
 (75.6)
 194.4

 Total

 8,158.6

 (4,840.0)

 3,318.6

 8,100.9

 (4,216.8)

 3,884.1

 IV-81

 (a) The estimated useful life of our intangible assets are reassessed annually. As a result of our review, we have decreased the useful life of a certain category of customer relationships from 22 years to 20 years during 2024, reflecting updated expectations of its economic benefits and alignment with current market conditions.

 Amortization expense related to intangible assets with finite useful lives was 623.2 million, 621.7 million and 622.0 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on our amortizable intangible asset balances at December 31, 2024, we expect that amortization expense will be as follows for the next five years and thereafter (in millions):

 2025

 649.3

 2026
 325.9

 2027
 290.9

 2028
 290.9

 2029
 290.9

 1,470.7

 Total

 3,318.6

 (8) Debt
 The euro equivalents of the components of our third-party debt are as follows:

 December 31, 2024
 Principal amount

 Weighted average interest rate (a)
 Unused borrowing capacity (b)

 2024
 2023

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes
 4.61
 %

 —

 6,245.7

 5,443.3

 Credit Facilities (b) (c)
 6.42
 %
 800.0
 4,692.3
 4,534.4

 Vendor Financing (d)
 3.74
 %
 —
 999.6
 999.6

 Other Debt (e)
 —
 %
 —
 —
 177.4

 Total principal amount of third-party debt before premiums, discounts and deferred financing costs (f)
 5.24
 %

 800.0

 11,937.6

 11,154.7

 (a)Represents the weighted average interest rate in effect at December 31, 2024 for all borrowings outstanding pursuant to each debt instrument, including any applicable margin. The interest rates presented represent stated rates and do not include the impact of derivative instruments, deferred financing costs, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, all of which affect our overall cost of borrowing. Including the effects of derivative instruments, original issue premiums or discounts and commitment fees, but excluding the impact of deferred financing costs, the weighted average interest rate on our aggregate third-party variable- and fixed-rate indebtedness was 3.95% at December 31, 2024. The weighted average interest rate calculation includes principal amounts outstanding associated with all of our secured and unsecured borrowings. For information regarding our derivative instruments, see note 5.

 (b)The Credit Facilities include two revolving facility tranches, namely Revolving Facility G1 and Revolving Facility G2 (together, the Revolving Facilities) with a combined maximum borrowing capacity of 800.0 million, which were both undrawn at December 31, 2024. Unused borrowing capacity represents the maximum availability under the Credit Facilities at December 31, 2024 without regard to covenant compliance calculations or other conditions precedent to borrowing. At December 31, 2024, based on the most restrictive applicable leverage covenants and leverage-based restricted payment tests, the full 800.0 million of unused borrowing capacity was available to be borrowed and there were no additional restrictions on our ability to make loans or distributions from this availability. Upon completion of the relevant December 31, 2024 compliance reporting requirements and based on the most restrictive applicable leverage covenants and leverage-based restricted payment tests, we expect that the full amount of unused borrowing capacity will
 IV-82

 continue to be available to be borrowed and that there will be no additional restrictions with respect to loans or distributions from this availability. Our above expectations do not consider any actual or potential changes in our borrowing levels or any amounts loaned or distributed subsequent to December 31, 2024, or the impact of additional amounts that may be available to borrow, loan or distribute under certain defined baskets under the Credit Facilities.

 (c)Principal amounts include 2.4 million and 2.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of borrowings pursuant to an excess cash facility (Financing Facility) under the Credit Facilities. These borrowings are owed to a non-consolidated special purpose financing entity that has issued notes to finance the purchase of receivables due from our company to certain other third parties for amounts that we and our subsidiaries have vendor financed. To the extent that the proceeds from these notes exceed the amount of vendor financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund this Financing Facility.

 (d)Represents amounts owed to various creditors pursuant to interest-bearing vendor financing arrangements that are used to finance certain of our property and equipment additions and operating expenses. These arrangements extend our repayment terms beyond a vendor's original due dates (e.g. extension beyond a vendor's customary payment terms, which are generally 90 days or less) and as such are classified outside of accounts payable as debt on our consolidated balance sheets. These obligations are generally due within one year and include VAT that was also financed under these arrangements. For purposes of our consolidated statements of cash flows, operating-related expenses financed by an intermediary are treated as constructive operating cash outflows and constructive financing cash inflows when the intermediary settles the liability with the vendor as there is no actual cash outflow until we pay the financing intermediary. During 2024 and 2023, the constructive cash outflow included in cash flows from operating activities and the corresponding constructive cash inflow included in cash flows from financing activities related to these operating expenses was 790.3 million and 776.1 million, respectively. Repayments of vendor financing obligations at the time we pay the financing intermediary are included in repayments of third-party debt and finance lease obligations in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

 (e)During 2024, we repaid the Other Debt related to our handset receivables in the amount of 188.6 million.

 (f)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our debt had an estimated fair value of 11.5 billion and 10.4 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values of our debt instruments are generally determined using the average of applicable bid and ask prices (mostly Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy). For additional information regarding fair value hierarchies, see note 6.

 The following table provides a reconciliation of total third-party debt before premiums, discounts, and deferred financing costs to total debt and finance lease obligations:

 2024
 2023

 Total principal amount of third-party debt before premiums, discounts
 and deferred financing costs

 11,937.6

 11,154.7

 Premiums, discounts and deferred financing costs, net
 (29.1)
 (29.9)

 Total carrying amount of third-party debt

 11,908.5
 11,124.8

 Third-party finance lease obligations (note 9)
 24.3
 25.3

 Total third-party debt and finance lease obligations

 11,932.8
 11,150.1

 Related-party debt (note 11)

 Total debt and finance lease obligations
 13,748.6
 12,965.9

 Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations
 (1,007.4)
 (1,014.5)

 Long-term debt and finance lease obligations

 12,741.2

 11,951.4

 Credit Facilities. We have entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facility agreement with certain financial institutions and a Senior Credit Facility agreement with a non-consolidated special purpose financing entity (as described under Credit Facilities below) (the Credit Facilities). Our Credit Facilities contain certain covenants, the more notable of which are as follows:

 IV-83

 • Our Credit Facilities contain certain consolidated net leverage ratios, as specified in the relevant Credit Facility, which are required to be complied with (i) on an incurrence basis and/or (ii) in respect of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, when the associated revolving facilities have been drawn beyond a specified percentage of the total available revolving credit commitments on a maintenance basis;

 • Subject to certain customary and agreed exceptions, our Credit Facilities contain certain restrictions which, among other things, restrict the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to (i) incur or guarantee certain financial indebtedness, (ii) make certain disposals and acquisitions, (iii) create certain security interests over their assets, and (iv) make certain restricted payments to their direct and/or indirect parent companies through dividends, loans or other distributions;

 • Our Credit Facilities require that certain of our subsidiaries (i) guarantee the payment of all sums payable under the relevant Credit Facility and (ii) in respect of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, grant first-ranking security over substantially all of their assets to secure the payment of all sums payable thereunder;

 • In addition to certain mandatory prepayment events, the instructing group of lenders under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, under certain circumstances, may cancel the commitments thereunder and declare the loans thereunder due and payable at par after the notice period following the occurrence of a change of control (as specified in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities);

 • In addition to certain mandatory prepayment events, the individual lender under our Senior Credit Facilities, under certain circumstances, may cancel its commitments thereunder and declare the loans thereunder due and payable at a price of 101% after the notice period following the occurrence of a change of control (as specified in our Senior Credit Facilities);

 • Our Credit Facilities contain certain customary events of default, the occurrence of which, subject to certain exceptions, materiality qualifications and cure rights, would allow the instructing group of lenders to (i) cancel the total commitments, (ii) declare that all or part of the loans be payable on demand, and/or (iii) accelerate all outstanding loans and terminate their commitments thereunder;

 • Our Credit Facilities require that we observe certain affirmative and negative undertakings and covenants, which are subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions;

 • In addition to customary default provisions, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities include cross-default provisions with respect to our other indebtedness, subject to agreed minimum thresholds and other customary and agreed exceptions; and

 • Our Senior Credit Facilities provide that any failure to pay principal at its stated maturity (after the expiration of any applicable grace period) of, or any acceleration with respect to, other indebtedness of the borrower or certain of our subsidiaries over agreed minimum thresholds (as specified under the Senior Credit Facilities), is an event of default under the Senior Credit Facilities.

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes. Ziggo B.V., Ziggo Bond Company B.V. and VZ Secured Financing B.V. have issued certain Senior and Senior Secured Notes, respectively. In general, our Senior and Senior Secured Notes are senior obligations of the issuer of such notes that rank equally with all of the existing and future senior debt of such issuer and are senior to all existing and future subordinated debt of such issuer. Our Senior Secured Notes (i) contain certain guarantees from other subsidiaries of VodafoneZiggo Group B.V. (as specified in the applicable indenture), and (ii) are secured by certain pledges or liens over certain assets and/or shares of certain subsidiaries of VodafoneZiggo Group B.V. In addition, the indentures governing our Senior and Senior Secured Notes contain certain covenants, the more notable of which are as follows:

 • Subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions, our notes contain (i) certain customary incurrence-based covenants and (ii) certain restrictions that, among other things, restrict the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to (a) incur or guarantee certain financial indebtedness, (b) make certain disposals and acquisitions, (c) create certain security interests over their assets, and (d) make certain restricted payments to their direct and/or indirect parent companies through dividends, loans or other distributions;

 IV-84

 • Our notes provide that any failure to pay principal at its stated maturity (after the expiration of any applicable grace period) of, or any acceleration with respect to, other indebtedness of the issuer or certain of our subsidiaries over agreed minimum thresholds (as specified under the applicable indenture), is an event of default under the respective notes;

 • If the relevant issuer or certain of its subsidiaries (as specified in the applicable indenture) sell certain assets, such issuer must, subject to certain materiality qualifications and other customary and agreed exceptions, offer to repurchase the applicable notes at par, or if a change of control (as specified in the applicable indenture) occurs, such issuer must offer to repurchase all of the relevant notes at a redemption price of 101%; and

 • Our Senior Secured Notes contain certain early redemption provisions including the ability to, during each 12-month period commencing on the issue date for such notes until the applicable call date, redeem up to 10% of the original principal amount of the notes at a redemption price equal to 103% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.

 Credit Facilities

 The Credit Facilities are the Senior and Senior Secured Credit Facilities of certain subsidiaries of VodafoneZiggo Group B.V. The details of our borrowings under the Credit Facilities as of December 31, 2024 are summarized in the following table:

 Credit Facility
 Maturity
 Facility amount
(in borrowing
currency) (a)
 Outstanding principal amount
 Unused
borrowing
capacity
 Carrying
value (b)

 Senior Secured Facilities:

 Facility H (c)
 January 31, 2029
 EURIBOR + 3.00%

 2,250.0

 2,250.0

 —

 2,243.9

 Facility I (c)
 April 30, 2028
 Term SOFR + 2.50%
 $
 2,525.0
 2,439.9
 —
 2,436.3

 Revolving Facility G1 (d)
 January 31, 2026
 (d)

 25.0
 —
 25.0
 —

 Revolving Facility G2 (d)
 September 30, 2029
 (d)

 775.0
 —
 775.0
 —

 Total Senior Secured Facilities
 4,689.9
 800.0
 4,680.2

 Senior Facilities:

 Financing Facility (e)
 January 15, 2029
 2.875%

 2.4
 2.4
 —
 2.4

 Total

 4,692.3

 800.0

 4,682.6

 (a)Amounts represent total third-party facility amounts as of December 31, 2024.

 (b)Amounts are net of unamortized premiums, discounts, and deferred financing costs, as applicable.

 (c)Facility H has a EURIBOR floor of 0.0% and Facility I has a USD denominated floor of 0.0%.

 (d)The Revolving Facilities bear interest at a rate of EURIBOR plus 2.75% (subject to a leverage-based margin ratchet) and have a fee on unused commitments of 40% of such margin per year. In March 2024, the Revolving Facility G2 was amended to incorporate an Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)-linked margin ratchet, which may result in an interest rate adjustment based on the achievement or otherwise of certain ESG metrics.

 (e)Amounts represent borrowings that are owed to a non-consolidated special purpose financing entity that has issued notes to finance the purchase of receivables due from our company to certain other third parties for amounts that we and our subsidiaries have vendor financed. To the extent that the proceeds from these notes exceed the amount of vendor financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund this excess cash facility.

 IV-85

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes

 The details of the outstanding Senior and Senior Secured Notes as of December 31, 2024 are summarized in the following table:

 Outstanding principal

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes
 Maturity
 Interest
rate
 Borrowing
currency
 Euro equivalent
 Carrying
value (a)

 2027 Senior Notes (b)
 January 15, 2027
 6.000%
 $
 625.0

 603.9

 599.4

 January 15, 2030
 4.875%
 $
 991.0
 957.6
 963.4

 2030 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 January 15, 2030
 2.875%

 502.5
 502.5
 501.8

 February 28, 2030
 3.375%

 900.0
 900.0
 897.0

 February 28, 2030
 5.125%
 $
 500.0
 483.1
 480.6

 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes (c)
 January 15, 2032
 5.000%
 $
 1,525.0
 1,473.6
 1,466.5

 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes (c)
 January 15, 2032
 3.500%

 750.0
 750.0
 746.5

 2032 Euro Senior Notes
 November 15, 2032
 6.125%

 575.0
 575.0
 571.1

 Total

 6,245.7

 6,226.3

 (a)Amounts are net of unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value adjustments and deferred financing costs, as applicable.

 (b)The 2027 Senior Notes were redeemed in full subsequent to December 31, 2024.

 (c)From July 16, 2026 and thereafter, the interest rates applicable to the 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes and 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes shall increase by a maximum of 0.25% per annum unless we achieve certain sustainability performance targets.

 All our notes are non-callable prior to the applicable Call Date presented in the table below. At any time prior to the applicable Call Date, we may redeem some or all of the applicable notes by paying a "make-whole" premium, which is the present value of all remaining scheduled interest payments to the applicable Call Date using the discount rate as of the redemption date plus a premium (each as specified in the applicable indenture).

 Senior and Senior Secured Notes
 Call Date

 2027 Senior Notes
 January 15, 2022

 October 15, 2024

 2030 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 October 15, 2024

 February 15, 2025

 February 15, 2025

 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes
 January 15, 2027

 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 January 15, 2027

 2032 Euro Senior Notes
 November 15, 2027

 IV-86

 On or after the applicable Call Date, we may redeem some or all of these notes at the following redemption prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) plus accrued and unpaid interest and additional amounts (as specified in the applicable indenture), if any, to the applicable redemption date, as set forth below:

 Redemption price

 2027 Senior Notes
 2030 Euro Senior Secured Notes
 2032 Dollar Senior Secured Notes (a)
 2032 Euro Senior Secured Notes (a)
 2032 Euro Senior Notes

 12-month period commencing
 January 15
 October 15
 October 15
 February 15
 February 15
 January 15
 January 15
 November 15

 2025
 101.219%
 100.719%
 101.688%
 102.563%
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.

 2026
 100.609%
 100.359%
 100.844%
 101.281%
 N.A.
 N.A.
 N.A.

 2027
 100.422%
 100.641%
 102.500%
 101.750%
 103.063%

 2028
 N.A.
 101.250%
 100.875%
 101.531%

 2029
 N.A.
 100.625%
 100.438%

 2030 and thereafter
 N.A.

 (a)The redemption prices applicable to the 2032 Senior Secured Notes shall, subject to certain limitations, increase or decrease by a maximum of 0.125% per annum depending on if we achieve certain sustainability-linked performance targets.

 Financing Transactions

 Below we provide summary descriptions of certain financing transactions completed during 2024, 2023 and 2022. A portion of our financing transactions may include non-cash borrowings and repayments. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, non-cash borrowings and repayments aggregated nil, nil and 1,974.4 million, respectively.
 2024 Financing Transactions. During 2024, we amended our Revolving Facilities by reducing the borrowing capacity of Revolving Facility G1 by 100.0 million and increasing the borrowing capacity of Revolving Facility G2 by 50.0 million. This brings the total commitments under our Revolving Credit Facilities to 800.0 million.
 In October 2024, we issued 575.0 million principal amount of euro-denominated senior notes (the 2032 Euro Senior Notes). The 2032 Euro Senior Notes were issued at par, mature November 15, 2032 and bear interest at a rate of 6.125%. These notes were issued in accordance with our Green Finance Framework (GFF), a component of our broader Sustainable Finance Framework. Our GFF enables us to issue green and sustainable financing and aligns our capital structure with our Corporate Social Responsibility strategy. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2032 Euro Senior Notes were used to redeem in full the outstanding principal amount of our 2027 Senior Notes ($625 million) at par value in January 2025.
 2022 Financing Transactions. During 2022, we completed financing transactions that generally resulted in lower interest rates and extended maturities. In connection with these transactions, we recognized a net loss on debt extinguishment of 71.1 million related to (i) the payment of 52.0 million of redemption premiums and (ii) the write-off of fair value adjustments and unamortized deferred financing costs of 19.1 million.

 IV-87

 Maturities of Debt

 The euro equivalents of the maturities of our debt as of December 31, 2024 are presented below:

 Third-party
 Related-party
 Total

 Year ending December 31:

 2025 (a)

 999.7

 —

 999.7

 2026
 —
 —
 —

 2027
 603.9
 —
 603.9

 2028
 2,439.8
 —
 2,439.8

 2029
 2,252.3
 —
 2,252.3

 5,641.9
 7,457.7

 Total debt maturities
 11,937.6
 13,753.4

 Premiums, discounts and deferred financing costs, net
 (29.1)
 —
 (29.1)

 Total debt

 11,908.5

 13,724.3

 999.7

 —

 999.7

 10,908.8

 12,724.6

 (a)Third-party amounts include vendor financing obligations of 999.6 million, as set forth below (in millions):

 Year ending December 31:

 2025 (1)

 999.6

 999.6

 —

 (1)
 VZ Vendor Financing II B.V. (VZ Vendor Financing II), a third-party special purpose financing entity that is not consolidated by VodafoneZiggo, has issued an aggregate 700.0 million in notes maturing in January 2029 (the Vendor Financing II Notes). The net proceeds from the Vendor Financing II Notes are used by VZ Vendor Financing II to purchase from various third parties certain vendor-financed receivables owed by VodafoneZiggo Group B.V. To the extent that the proceeds from the Vendor Financing II Notes exceed the amount of vendor-financed receivables available to be purchased, the excess proceeds are used to fund the Financing Facility. As additional vendor-financed receivables become available for purchase, VZ Vendor Financing II can request that VodafoneZiggo Group B.V. repay any amounts made available under the Financing Facility.

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 Vendor Financing Obligations
 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our vendor financing obligations for the indicated periods is set
 forth below:

 2024
 2023

 Balance at January 1

 999.6

 999.5

 Operating-related vendor financing additions
 790.3
 776.1

 Capital-related vendor financing additions
 420.6
 419.7

 Principal payments on operating-related vendor financing
 (782.3)
 (738.8)

 Principal payments on capital-related vendor financing
 (428.6)
 (456.9)

 Balance at December 31

 999.6

 999.6

 (9) Leases

 General

 We enter into operating and finance leases for network equipment, real estate, mobile site sharing and vehicles. We provide residual value guarantees on certain of our vehicle leases.

 Lease Balances

 A summary of our ROU assets and lease liabilities is set forth below:

 2024
 2023

 ROU assets:

 Operating leases (a)

 304.7

 306.2

 Finance leases (b)
 23.5
 24.7

 Total ROU assets

 328.2

 330.9

 Lease liabilities:

 Operating leases (c)

 297.6

 301.6

 Finance leases (d)
 24.3
 25.3

 Total lease liabilities

 321.9

 326.9

 (a) Our operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 6.5 years and the weighted average discount rate was 4.5%. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our operating ROU assets of 40.4 million, 27.2 million and 31.6 million, respectively.

 (b) Our finance lease ROU assets are included in property and equipment, net, on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term for finance leases was 3.8 years and the weighted average discount rate was 4.9%. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded non-cash additions to our finance ROU assets of 8.1 million, 17.6 million and 4.6 million, respectively.

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 (c) The current and long-term portions of our operating lease liabilities are included within accrued and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

 (d) The current and long-term portions of our finance lease obligations are included within current portion of third-party debt and finance lease obligations and long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.
 A summary of our aggregate lease expense is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Finance lease expense:

 Depreciation and amortization

 8.8

 8.0

 8.4

 1.3
 1.1
 0.5

 Total finance lease expense
 10.1
 9.1
 8.9

 Operating lease expense (a)
 78.6
 80.0
 79.2

 Variable lease expense, net (b)
 6.5
 6.8
 1.8

 Total lease expense

 95.2

 95.9

 89.9

 (a) Our operating lease expense is included in other operating expenses and SG&A expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 (b) Variable lease expense represents payments made to a lessor during the lease term that vary because of a change in circumstance that occurred after the lease commencement date. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are included in other operating expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

 A summary of our cash outflows from operating and finance leases is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

 Operating cash outflows from operating leases

 83.7

 82.3

 85.5

 Operating cash outflows from finance leases
 1.3
 1.1
 0.5

 Financing cash outflows from finance leases
 9.1
 8.2
 8.2

 Total cash outflows from operating and finance leases

 94.1

 91.6

 94.2

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 Maturities of our operating and finance lease obligations as of December 31, 2024 are presented below. Amounts presented below represent euro equivalents based on December 31, 2024, exchange rates:

 Operating leases
 Finance leases

 Year ending December 31:

 2025

 73.5

 8.6

 2026
 60.6
 6.6

 2027
 49.4
 5.7

 2028
 42.2
 4.0

 2029
 34.0
 1.1

 80.4
 —

 Total principal and interest payments
 340.1
 26.0

 Less: present value discount
 (42.5)
 (1.7)

 Present value of net minimum lease payments

 297.6

 24.3

 62.8
 7.7

 234.8

 16.6

 (10) Income Taxes
 Our consolidated financial statements include the income taxes of VodafoneZiggo and its subsidiaries.
 Components of income tax benefit (expense) consist of:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Current income tax expense

 (104.3)

 (85.8)

 (148.7)

 Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
 223.7
 182.5
 (54.0)

 Total income tax benefit (expense)

 119.4

 96.7

 (202.7)

 Income tax benefit (expense) attributable to our result before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the Dutch income tax rate of 25.8% as a result of the following:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Computed "expected" tax benefit (expense)

 92.1

 146.6

 (148.9)

 Tax benefit associated with Innovation Box Regime (a)

 66.5
 —
 —

 Change in valuation allowances (b)
 (38.5)
 (48.9)
 (55.4)

 Non-deductible expenses
 (0.5)
 (1.0)
 (0.4)

 Other, net
 (0.2)
 —
 2.0

 Total income tax benefit (expense)

 119.4

 96.7

 (202.7)

 (a) To stimulate innovation in the Netherlands, Dutch income tax law includes a facility under which profits attributable to qualifying innovative activities are taxed at a reduced tax rate of 9.0% (the Innovation Box Regime). We have finalized our discussions with the Dutch tax authority regarding the applicability of the Innovation Box Regime to VodafoneZiggo
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 for the period effective 2019 to 2028. The innovation box benefit recognized in 2024 attributable to the 2024 tax year is 22.3 million, and the benefit associated with historical periods is 44.2 million.

 (b) The interest deduction is limited to 20% of fiscal EBITDA (24.5% from 2025 onwards). This limits our ability to recover non-deductible interest as well as losses on debt extinguishment; therefore, we have recorded a valuation allowance in respect of these items. In 2024, the change in valuation allowance is impacted by the innovation box benefit recognized. As the innovation box benefit impacts fiscal EBITDA, it consequently increases non-deductible interest and, in turn, increases the valuation allowance.

 The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

 2024
 2023

 Deferred tax assets:

 Debt and interest

 308.3

 170.3

 Other future deductible amounts
 10.0
 9.3

 Deferred tax assets
 318.3
 179.6

 Valuation allowance (a)
 (185.2)
 (146.7)

 Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
 133.1
 32.9

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Intangible assets
 (651.5)
 (785.7)

 Derivative instruments
 (175.7)
 (124.8)

 Property and equipment, net
 (124.3)
 (163.6)

 Other future taxable amounts
 (2.5)
 (3.4)

 Deferred tax liabilities
 (954.0)
 (1,077.5)

 Net deferred tax liabilities

 (820.9)

 (1,044.6)

 (a) Our deferred income tax valuation allowance increased by 38.5 million in 2024. This increase reflects the impact of the interest deduction limitation being reduced to 20% of fiscal EBITDA.

 In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) released Model Global Anti-Base Erosion (GLoBE) rules under Pillar Two. These rules provide for the taxation of certain large multinational corporations at a minimum rate of 15%, calculated on a jurisdictional basis. The Netherlands has enacted legislation to implement many aspects of the Pillar Two rules beginning on January 1, 2024, with certain remaining impacts to be effective from January 1, 2025. The Pillar Two rules did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 and we do not currently anticipate that they will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements in the future.

 In the normal course of business, our income tax filings are subject to review by the Dutch tax authority. In connection with such review, disputes could arise with the tax authority over the interpretation or application of certain income tax rules related to our business. Such disputes may result in future tax and interest and penalty assessments by the tax authority. The ultimate resolution of tax contingencies will take place upon the earlier of (i) the settlement date with the tax authority in either cash or agreement of income tax positions or (ii) the date when the tax authority is statutorily prohibited from adjusting the company's tax computations. In this respect, tax filings for the years 2019 - 2023 are still open for examination by the Dutch tax authority.

 There were no material unrecognized tax benefits during 2024, 2023 or 2022.
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 (11) Related-party Transactions
 Our related-party transactions for the periods are as follows:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Revenue

 18.7

 20.4

 20.5

 Programming and other direct costs of services
 (58.7)
 (61.2)
 (59.7)

 Selling, general and administrative recharges
 9.1
 8.3
 10.4

 Impairment, restructuring and other operating items, net
 —
 —
 0.4

 Charges for JV Services:

 Charges from Liberty Global:

 Operating (a)
 (81.5)
 (85.9)
 (89.9)

 Capital (b)
 (16.3)
 (16.3)
 (16.3)

 Total Liberty Global corporate charges
 (97.8)
 (106.2)

 Charges from Vodafone:

 Operating (c)
 (66.3)
 (74.5)
 (78.1)

 Brand fees (d)

 Total Vodafone corporate charges
 (96.3)
 (104.5)
 (108.1)

 Total charges for JV Services
 (194.1)
 (206.7)
 (214.3)

 Included in operating income
 (225.0)
 (239.2)
 (242.7)

 (102.5)

 Included in earnings (loss) before income taxes

 (327.5)

 (341.4)

 (344.9)

 Property and equipment additions, net

 168.1

 191.5

 215.3

 (a)Represents amounts charged for technology and other services, which are included in the calculation of the "EBITDA" metric specified by our debt agreements (Covenant EBITDA).

 (b)Represents amounts charged for capital expenditures made by Liberty Global related to assets that we use or will otherwise benefit our company. These charges are not included in the calculation of Covenant EBITDA.

 (c)Represents amounts charged by Vodafone for technology and other services, a portion of which are included in the calculation of Covenant EBITDA.

 (d) Represents amounts charged for our use of the Vodafone brand name. These charges are not included in the calculation of Covenant EBITDA.

 Revenue. Amounts represent interconnect fees charged by us to certain subsidiaries of Vodafone.

 Programming and other direct costs of services. Amounts represent interconnect fees charged to us by certain subsidiaries of Vodafone.

 Selling, general and administrative recharges. Amounts represent recharges for certain personnel services provided to Vodafone and Liberty Global.

 IV-93

 Charges for JV Services - Framework and Trade Mark Agreements
 Pursuant to a framework and a trade name agreement (collectively, the JV Service Agreements), Liberty Global and Vodafone charge us fees for certain services provided to us by the respective subsidiaries of the Shareholders (collectively, the JV Services). Pursuant to the terms of the JV Service Agreements, the JV Services can be terminated based on specified notice periods. The JV Services provided by the respective subsidiaries of the Shareholders consist primarily of (i) technology and other services, (ii) capital-related expenditures for assets that we use or otherwise benefit us, and (iii) brand name and procurement fees. The fees that Liberty Global and Vodafone charge us for the JV Services, as set forth in the table above, include both fixed and usage-based fees. The JV Service Agreements are currently under revision, including technical descriptions and commercial terms. Whilst the revision of the agreement is ongoing, the current agreement with Liberty Global has been extended.

 Interest expense. Amounts relate to the Liberty Global Notes and the Vodafone Notes, as defined and described below.

 Property and equipment additions, net. These amounts, which are cash settled, represent CPE and network-related equipment acquired from certain Liberty Global and Vodafone subsidiaries, which subsidiaries centrally procure equipment on behalf of our company.

 The following table provides details of our related-party balances:

 2024
 2023

 Assets:

 Related-party receivables (a)

 35.5

 23.0

 Liabilities:

 Accounts payable (b)
 126.8
 150.9

 Accrued and other current liabilities (b)
 7.4
 4.4

 Debt (c):

 Liberty Global Notes
 907.9
 907.9

 Vodafone Notes
 907.9
 907.9

 Other long-term liabilities (d)
 0.5
 2.0

 Total liabilities

 1,950.5

 1,973.1

 (a)Represents non-interest bearing receivables from certain Liberty Global and Vodafone subsidiaries.

 (b)Represents non-interest bearing payables, accrued capital expenditures and other accrued liabilities related to transactions with certain Liberty Global and Vodafone subsidiaries that are cash settled.

 (c)Represents debt obligations, as further described below.

 (d)Represents operating lease liabilities related to Vodafone.

 Related-party Debt

 Liberty Global Notes

 The Liberty Global Notes, which are owed by VodafoneZiggo Group B.V., comprise (i) a euro-denominated note payable to a subsidiary of Liberty Global with a principal amount of 700.0 million at December 31, 2024 (the Liberty Global Note Payable I) and (ii) a euro-denominated note payable to a subsidiary of Liberty Global with a principal amount of 207.9
 IV-94

 million at December 31, 2024 (the Liberty Global Note Payable II, and, together with the Liberty Global Note Payable I, the Liberty Global Notes Payable). The Liberty Global Notes Payable each bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.55% and have a final maturity date of December 31, 2030. During the year ended December 31, 2024, interest accrued on the Liberty Global Notes Payable was 51.2 million, all of which has been cash settled.

 Vodafone Notes

 The Vodafone Notes, which are owed by VodafoneZiggo Group B.V., comprise (i) a euro-denominated note payable to a subsidiary of Vodafone with a principal amount of 700.0 million at December 31, 2024 (the Vodafone Note Payable I) and (ii) a euro-denominated note payable to a subsidiary of Vodafone with a principal amount of 207.9 million at December 31, 2024 (the Vodafone Note Payable II, and, together with the Vodafone Note Payable I, the Vodafone Notes Payable). The Vodafone Notes Payable each bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.55% and have a final maturity date of December 31, 2030. During the year ended December 31, 2024, interest accrued on the Vodafone Notes Payable was 51.2 million, all of which has been cash settled.

 Shareholders Agreement

 In connection with the JV Transaction, on December 31, 2016, Liberty Global and Vodafone entered into a shareholders agreement (the Shareholders Agreement) with VodafoneZiggo in respect of the VodafoneZiggo JV. Each Shareholder holds 50% of the issued share capital of VodafoneZiggo. The Shareholders Agreement contains customary provisions for the governance of a 50:50 joint venture that result in Liberty Global and Vodafone having joint control over decision making with respect to the VodafoneZiggo JV. Furthermore, each Shareholder has the right to initiate an initial public offering (IPO) of the VodafoneZiggo JV with the opportunity for the other Shareholder to sell shares in the IPO on a pro rata basis. As of January 1, 2021, each Shareholder has the right to initiate a sale of all of its interest in the VodafoneZiggo JV to a third party and, under certain circumstances, initiate a sale of the entire VodafoneZiggo JV, subject, in each case, to a right of first offer in favor of the other Shareholder.

 The Shareholders Agreement also provides (i) for a dividend policy that requires the VodafoneZiggo JV to distribute all unrestricted cash to the Shareholders as soon as reasonably practicable following each three month period (subject to the VodafoneZiggo JV maintaining a minimum amount of cash and complying with the terms of financing arrangements of its subsidiaries) and (ii) that the VodafoneZiggo JV will be managed with a leverage ratio of between 4.5 and 5.0 times Covenant EBITDA (as calculated pursuant to existing financing arrangements of its subsidiaries) with the VodafoneZiggo JV undertaking periodic recapitalizations and/or refinancings accordingly.

 In accordance with the dividend policy prescribed in the Shareholders Agreement, VodafoneZiggo made total distributions of 125.0 million, 200.0 million and 500.0 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to its Shareholders. The distributions are reflected as a decrease to shareholders' equity in our consolidated statements of shareholders' equity.

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 (12) Commitments and Contingencies
 Commitments

 As further described in note 11, we have commitments related to the JV Service Agreements. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we have entered into agreements that commit our company to make cash payments in future periods with respect to programming contracts, purchases of CPE and other equipment and services and other items. The following table sets forth these commitments as of December 31, 2024. The commitments included in this table do not reflect any liabilities that are included in our December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet.

 Payments due during:

 2025
 2026
 2027
 2028
 2029
 Total

 Purchase commitments

 223.8

 16.5

 7.4

 1.5

 —

 —

 249.2

 Programming commitments

 107.3
 61.3
 40.0
 18.6
 5.4
 0.1
 232.7

 JV Service Agreements (a)
 94.5
 31.9
 30.5
 30.5
 —
 —
 187.4

 Other commitments
 19.1
 19.3
 14.3
 9.5
 8.7
 15.0
 85.9

 Total

 444.7

 129.0

 92.2

 60.1

 14.1

 15.1

 755.2

 (a)Amounts represent fixed minimum charges from Liberty Global and Vodafone pursuant to the JV Service Agreements. In addition to the fixed minimum charges, the JV Service Agreements provide for certain JV Services to be charged to us based upon usage of the services received. The fixed minimum charges set forth in the table above exclude fees for the usage-based services as these fees will vary from period to period. Accordingly, we expect to incur charges in addition to those set forth in the table above for usage-based services. The JV Service Agreements are currently under revision, including technical descriptions and commercial terms. Whilst the revision of the agreement is ongoing, the current agreement with Liberty Global has been extended. For additional information regarding fees related to the JV Service Agreements, see note 11.

 Purchase commitments include unconditional and legally binding obligations related to the purchase of CPE, other equipment and mobile handsets.

 Programming commitments consist of obligations associated with certain of our programming contracts that are enforceable and legally binding on us as we have agreed to pay minimum fees without regard to (i) the actual number of subscribers to the programming services or (ii) whether we terminate service to a portion of our subscribers or dispose of a portion of our distribution systems. In addition, programming commitments do not include increases in future periods associated with contractual inflation or other price adjustments that are not fixed. Accordingly, the amounts reflected in the above table with respect to these contracts are significantly less than the amounts we expect to pay in these periods under these contracts. Historically, payments to programming vendors have represented a significant portion of our operating costs, and we expect that this will continue to be the case in future periods. In this regard, during 2024, 2023 and 2022 the programming and copyright costs incurred by our operations aggregated 314.5 million, 284.3 million and 301.5 million, respectively.

 Other commitments primarily include sponsorships and certain fixed minimum contractual commitments.

 In addition to the commitments set forth in the table above, we have commitments under (i) derivative instruments and (ii) multi-employer defined benefit plans, pursuant to which we expect to make payments in future periods. For information regarding our derivative instruments, including the net cash paid or received in connection with these instruments during 2024, see note 4.

 We provide retirement benefits to our subsidiaries' employees via multiemployer benefit plans and a defined contribution plan. The aggregate expense of our matching contributions under the various multiemployer benefit plans was 23.9 million, 25.2 million and 28.8 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The aggregate expense of our matching
 IV-96

 contributions under the defined contribution plan was 24.5 million, 22.4 million and 20.0 million during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Guarantees and Other Credit Enhancements

 In the ordinary course of business, we may provide (i) indemnifications to our lenders, our vendors and certain other parties and (ii) performance and/or financial guarantees to local municipalities, our customers and vendors. Historically, these arrangements have not resulted in our company making any material payments and we do not believe that they will result in material payments in the future.

 Regulations and Contingencies

 VAT. Our application of VAT with respect to certain mobile revenue generating activities has been challenged by the Dutch tax authorities in two different court cases. The Dutch tax authorities challenged the multipurpose character of certain mobile subscriptions that we entered into during 2017 and 2018. The initial verdict in both cases was in favor of the tax authorities. We appealed these decisions to the higher court and the hearing of both cases was held in February 2023. In May 2023, the higher court ruled in favor of the Dutch tax authorities in both cases. Accordingly, in 2023, we recorded a provision for litigation of 33.4 million and related interest expense. As of December 31, 2024, the accrual for related interest expense totaled 4.2 million. We have filed an appeal in cassation, the timing and the final outcome of which remains uncertain.

 Other regulatory matters. Broadband internet, video distribution, fixed-line telephony, mobile and content businesses are subject to significant regulation and supervision by various regulatory bodies in the Netherlands, including Dutch and European Union (E.U.) authorities. Adverse regulatory developments could subject our business to a number of risks. Regulation, including conditions imposed on us by competition or other authorities as a requirement to close acquisitions or dispositions, could limit growth, revenue and the number and types of services offered and could lead to increased operating costs and property and equipment additions. In addition, regulation may restrict our operations and subject them to further competitive pressure, including pricing restrictions, interconnect and other access obligations, and restrictions or controls on content, including content provided by third parties. Failure to comply with current or future regulation could expose our business to various penalties.

 In addition to the foregoing items, we have contingent liabilities related to matters arising in the ordinary course of business, including (i) legal proceedings, (ii) issues involving VAT and wage, property, withholding and other tax issues and (iii) disputes over interconnection, programming, copyright and channel carriage fees. While we generally expect that the amounts required to satisfy these contingencies will not materially differ from any estimated amounts we have accrued, no assurance can be given that the resolution of one or more of these contingencies will not result in a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position in any given period. Due, in general, to the complexity of the issues involved and, in certain cases, the lack of a clear basis for predicting outcomes, we cannot provide a meaningful range of potential losses or cash outflows that might result from any unfavorable outcomes.

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 (13) Segment Reporting
 We have one reportable segment that provides fixed, mobile and integrated communication and entertainment services to consumers and businesses in the Netherlands.

 Our revenue by major category is set forth below:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Consumer fixed revenue (a):

 Subscription revenue

 1,948.6

 1,997.7

 2,023.3

 Non-subscription revenue
 10.5
 12.0
 13.0

 Total consumer fixed revenue
 1,959.1
 2,009.7
 2,036.3

 Consumer mobile revenue (b):

 Subscription revenue
 738.5
 707.4
 673.7

 Non-subscription revenue
 263.9
 263.6
 236.7

 Total consumer mobile revenue
 1,002.4
 971.0
 910.4

 Total consumer revenue
 2,961.5
 2,980.7
 2,946.7

 B2B fixed revenue (c):

 Subscription revenue
 566.8
 549.5
 528.8

 Non-subscription revenue
 12.2
 12.0
 11.7

 Total B2B fixed revenue
 579.0
 561.5
 540.5

 B2B mobile revenue (d):

 Subscription revenue
 410.8
 397.3
 392.0

 Non-subscription revenue
 128.1
 146.7
 151.7

 Total B2B mobile revenue
 538.9
 544.0
 543.7

 Total B2B revenue

 1,117.9
 1,105.5
 1,084.2

 Other revenue (e)
 34.4
 28.5
 34.7

 Total

 4,113.8

 4,114.7

 4,065.6

 (a)Consumer fixed revenue is classified as either subscription revenue or non-subscription revenue. Consumer fixed subscription revenue includes revenue from subscribers for ongoing broadband internet, video and fixed-line telephony services offered to residential customers and the amortization of installation fees. Consumer fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect, channel carriage fees, late fees and revenue from the sale of equipment. Subscription revenue from subscribers who purchase bundled services at a discounted rate is generally allocated proportionally to each service based on the stand-alone price for each individual service. As a result, changes in the stand-alone pricing of our fixed and mobile products or the composition of bundles can contribute to changes in our product revenue categories from period to period.

 (b)Consumer mobile revenue is classified as either subscription revenue or non-subscription revenue. Consumer mobile subscription revenue includes revenue from ongoing mobile and data services offered under postpaid and prepaid arrangements to residential customers. Consumer mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect revenue, mobile handset and accessories sales, and late fees.

 (c)B2B fixed revenue is classified as either subscription revenue or non-subscription revenue. B2B fixed subscription revenue includes revenue from business broadband internet, video, fixed-line telephony and data services, offered to Small or Home Office (SOHO) customers and small and medium to large enterprises. B2B fixed non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, revenue from hosting services, installation fees, carriage fees and interconnect.
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 (d)B2B mobile revenue is classified as either subscription revenue or non-subscription revenue. B2B mobile subscription revenue includes revenue from ongoing mobile and data services offered to SOHO, small and medium to large enterprise customers as well as wholesale customers. B2B mobile non-subscription revenue includes, among other items, interconnect (including visitor) revenue, mobile handset and accessories sales, site sharing revenue and late fees.
 (e)Other revenue includes, among other items, programming and advertising revenue.

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