UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10-K

 Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
 or

 Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 For the transition period from to.
 Commission File Number 0-18592

 MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 Utah

 87-0447695

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

 1600 West Merit Parkway, South Jordan, Utah 84095
 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( 801) 253-1600
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class

 Trading Symbol

 Name of exchange on which registered

 Common Stock, no par value

 MMSI

 NASDAQ Global Select Market

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 Large Accelerated Filer

 Accelerated Filer

 Non-Accelerated Filer

 Smaller Reporting Company

 Emerging Growth Company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
 The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2023, based upon the closing price of the common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date, was approximately $ 4.7 billion. As of February 26, 2024, the registrant had 57,930,050 shares of common stock outstanding.
 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 Portions of the following document are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report: the registrant's definitive proxy statement relating to its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 Item 1.

 Business

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 Reserved

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 SIGNATURES

 Unless otherwise indicated in this report, "Merit," "we," "us," "our," and similar terms refer to Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries.
 DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 This report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements in this report, other than statements of historical fact, are "forward-looking statements" for purposes of these provisions, including any projections of earnings, revenues or other financial items, any statements of the plans and objectives of our management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new products or services, any statements regarding the integration, development or commercialization of the business or any assets acquired from other parties, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "intends," "seeks," "believes," "estimates," "potential," "forecasts," "continue," or other forms of these words or similar words or expressions, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations or any of the forward-looking statements will prove to be correct, and actual results will likely differ, and could differ materially, from those projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on any such forward-looking statements.
 All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Our actual results will likely differ, and may differ materially, from anticipated results. Financial estimates are subject to change and are not intended to be relied upon as predictions of future operating results. All forward-looking statements included in this report are made as of the date hereof and are based on information available to us as of such date. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement. If we do update or correct one or more forward-looking statements, investors and others should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections.
 Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Please see Item 1A "Risk Factors" for a discussion of these risks and uncertainties.
 DISCLOSURE REGARDING TRADEMARKS
 This report includes trademarks, tradenames and service marks that are our property or the property of other third parties. Solely for convenience, such trademarks and tradenames sometimes appear without any " " or " " symbol. However, failure to include such symbols is not intended to suggest, in any way, that we will not assert our rights or the rights of any applicable licensor, to these trademarks and tradenames.

 Item 1. Business.
 Our Company
 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. is a leading manufacturer and marketer of proprietary medical devices used in interventional, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, particularly in cardiology, radiology, oncology, critical care and endoscopy. We strive to be the most customer-focused company in healthcare. Each day we are determined to make a difference by understanding our customers' needs and innovating and delivering a diverse range of products that improve the lives of people and communities throughout the world. We believe that long-term value is created for our customers, employees, shareholders, and communities when we focus outward and are determined to deliver an exceptional customer experience.

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. was founded in 1987 by Fred P. Lampropoulos, Kent W. Stanger, Darla Gill and William Padilla. Initially, we focused our operations on injection and insert molding of plastics. Our first product was a specialized control syringe used to inject contrast solution into a patient's arteries for a diagnostic cardiac procedure called an angiogram. Since that time, our products and product lines have expanded substantially, both through internal research and development projects and through strategic acquisitions.
 Business Strategy
 Our business strategy focuses on five target areas as follows:

 enhancing global growth and profitability through research and development, sales model optimization, cost discipline and operational focus;

 optimizing our operational capability through lean processes, cost effective environments and asset utilization;

 targeting high-growth, high-return opportunities by understanding, innovating and delivering in our core divisions;

 maintaining a highly disciplined, customer-focused enterprise guided by strong core values to globally address unmet or underserved healthcare needs; and

 creating a sustainable business for our employees, shareholders and community.

 We conduct our operations through a number of domestic and foreign subsidiaries and representative offices. Our principal offices are located at 1600 West Merit Parkway, South Jordan, Utah, 84095, and our telephone number is (801) 253-1600. We maintain an internet website at www.merit.com.
 Products
 We design, develop, market and manufacture, through our own operations and contract manufacturers, medical products that offer a high level of quality, value and safety to our customers, as well as the patients they serve. Our products are used in the following clinical areas: radiology; diagnostic and interventional cardiology; interventional radiology; neurointerventional radiology; vascular, general and thoracic surgery; electrophysiology; cardiac rhythm management; interventional pulmonology; interventional nephrology; orthopedic spine surgery; interventional oncology; pain management; breast cancer surgery, outpatient access centers; intensive care; computed tomography; ultrasound; and interventional gastroenterology.
 The success of our products is enhanced by the extensive experience of our management team in the healthcare industry, our experienced direct sales force and distributors, our ability to provide custom procedural solutions such as kits, trays and procedural packs at the request of our customers, and our dedication to offering facility-unique solutions in the markets we serve worldwide.
 We conduct our business through two operating segments: cardiovascular and endoscopy. For information relating to our operating segments and product categories, see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report and Management's Discussion and Analysis set forth in Item 7 of this report.
 The following sections describe our principal product offerings by reporting segment and product category.
 We offer a broad line of medical devices used to gain and maintain vascular access. These products include our micropuncture kits, angiographic needles, our family of Prelude Introducer Sheaths and a wide range of guide wires and safety products. Our cardiovascular segment includes the following product categories: peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, custom procedural solutions, and original equipment manufacturer ("OEM").

 Peripheral Intervention
 Our peripheral intervention products support the minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of diseases in peripheral vessels and organs throughout the body, excluding the heart. Products in our peripheral intervention product category are organized into the following product groups: peripheral intervention, spine, and oncology.
 Merit Vascular – Peripheral
 Our peripheral intervention products include product offerings in the following product portfolios: access (peripheral), angiography, drainage, delivery systems, embolotherapy, and intervention (peripheral). We recently expanded the renal therapies portion of our access (peripheral) portfolio, which now includes the following key products:

 HeRO (Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow) Graft, a fully subcutaneous vascular access system, which is intended for use in maintaining long-term vascular access for chronic hemodialysis patients;

 CentrosFLO Long-Term Hemodialysis Catheter and ProGuide Chronic Dialysis Catheter;

 Broad offering of peritoneal dialysis catheters, accessories and implantation kits for home dialysis therapy;

 Merit Wrapsody Endoprosthesis, a cell-impermeable endoprosthesis which is designed to maintain long-term vessel patency in patients with obstructions in the dialysis outflow circuit (this device is not currently available for use in the United States); and

 Surfacer Inside-Out Access Catheter System that restores and preserves access in chronically occluded veins.

 The products in our angiography portfolio are used to identify blockages and other disease states in the blood vessel. The principal product offerings in our angiography portfolio include our:

 Newest offering of Merit SplashWire hydrophilic Steerable Guide Wires, combining optimum lubricity, exceptional torque response and enhanced visibility;

 Performa and Impress Diagnostic Catheters, a catheter offering designed for traversing difficult to access peripheral blood vessels; and

 Performa Vessel Sizing Catheters for vessel measurement.

 We offer a broad line of drainage products. The principal product offerings in our drainage portfolio include our:

 Aspira Pleural Effusion Drainage and Aspira Peritoneal Drainage Systems, a compassionate treatment option for end-stage cancer, allowing patients to spend more time at home by reducing the need for frequent hospital visits to treat their drainage needs;

 Family of ReSolve Drainage Catheters, including our ReSolve ConvertX Stent System and ReSolve Mini Locking Drainage Catheter, and our related tubing sets and drainage bag;

 One-Step and Valved One-Step Drainage Catheters, sold individually and in kits, for quickly removing unwanted fluid accumulation; and

 Revolution Catheter Securement Device and StayFIX Fixation Device, used to stop migration, movement and accidental removal of percutaneous catheters.

 The principal product offerings in our delivery systems portfolio include our:

 SwiftNINJA Steerable Microcatheter, an advanced microcatheter with a 180-degree articulating tip;

 Merit Maestro and Merit Pursue Microcatheters, small microcatheters designed for pushability and trackability through small and tortuous vessels; and

 True Form Reshapable Guide Wire, designed to be reshaped multiple times, reducing the need for multiple guide wires.

 Our embolotherapy products treat disease by blocking or slowing the flow of blood into the arteries or delivering chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancer. The principal product offerings in our embolotherapy portfolio include our:

 Embosphere Microspheres, a highly-studied, round embolic for consistent and predictable results; and

 HepaSphere Microspheres, soft embolics with a consistent cross-sectional diameter for predictable, flow-directed targeting.

 The products in our intervention (peripheral) portfolio are chiefly used to remove blood clots, retrieve foreign bodies in blood vessels and assist with placing balloons and stents to treat arterial disease. The principal product offerings in our intervention (peripheral) portfolio include our:

 ClariVein Specialty Infusion Catheter which is designed for controlled 360-degree dispersion of physician specified agents to the peripheral vasculature;

 Dynamis AV PTA Dilatation Catheter, a line of balloon catheters that facilitates the opening of blockages located in the arteriovenous system of dialysis patients;

 Q50X and Q50 Stent Graft Balloon Catheters, a line of catheters that treat abdominal and thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedures and reinterventions;

 Fountain Infusion System and Mistique Infusion Catheters, a line of catheters that treat arterial and hemodialysis graft occlusions and deep vein thrombosis; and

 EN Snare and One Snare Endovascular Snare Systems, a complete line of snares designed to manipulate, capture and retrieve foreign material in the body.

 Merit Spine
 Our spine products are used in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures and metastatic spinal tumors and in musculoskeletal biopsy procedures. Our spine product line includes the following product portfolios: vertebral augmentation, radiofrequency ablation, and bone biopsy systems. Our primary product offerings in the vertebral augmentation and radiofrequency ablation portfolios include our:

 STAR Tumor Ablation System, designed to provide palliative treatment of painful metastatic spinal tumors in cancer patients by targeted radiofrequency ablation;

 Arcadia Steerable and straight balloons, designed to achieve controlled, precise, targeted cavity creation in vertebral augmentation procedures; and

 StabiliT MX Vertebral Augmentation System, which uses our inflation devices to deliver bone cement.

 The bone biopsy systems portfolio comprises a full offering of manual bone biopsy products, including our Madison, Huntington, Kensington, Preston and Westbrook biopsy products.
 Merit Oncology
 Our oncology products are dedicated to the accurate diagnosis and localization of breast and soft tissue tumors and the innovative treatment of early-stage breast cancer. We also offer an extensive line of soft tissue biopsy products and accessories. Our primary product offerings in our oncology portfolio include our:

 SCOUT Radar Localization System, a nonradioactive, wire-free tumor localization system that facilitates successful surgical removal of marked lesions and lymph nodes, improving workflow and the patient experience;

 CorVocet Biopsy System, one of our innovative soft tissue core needle biopsy and accessory products, designed to cut a full core of tissue and provide large specimens for pathological examination;

 Achieve, Temno and Tru-Cut Soft Tissue Biopsy Devices;

 BioSentry biopsy tract sealant system; and

 SAVI Brachytherapy, a precise, targeted approach to accelerated partial breast irradiation with lower toxicities and reduced treatment duration.

 Cardiac Intervention
 We manufacture and sell a variety of products designed to treat various heart conditions. Products in our cardiac intervention product category are organized into the following product portfolios: access (cardiac), angiography, electrophysiology and CRM, fluid management, hemodynamic monitoring, hemostasis, and intervention (cardiac).
 Merit Vascular – Cardiac
 The principal product offerings in our access portfolio (cardiac) include our family of Prelude Introducer Sheaths, for both radial and femoral access, featuring our Prelude IDeal Hydrophilic Sheath Introducer, an ultra-thin wall introducer sheath that provides more room for the insertion of catheters and other devices in the radial artery.
 The principal product offerings in our angiography portfolio include our InQwire Guide Wires and Performa Diagnostic and Ultimate catheters for femoral and radial procedures.
 Electrophysiology is the study of diagnosing and treating abnormal electrical activities of the heart. Cardiac rhythm management ("CRM") is the field of cardiac disease therapy that relates to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias or the improper beating of the heart. The principal product offerings in our electrophysiology and CRM portfolio include our:

 Worley Advanced LV Delivery System, used to aid in the insertion and implantation of left ventricular pacing leads;

 HeartSpan Transseptal Needle, for left-heart access procedures;

 HeartSpan Steerable and Fixed Curve Sheath Introducer, featuring a neutral position indicator and tactile click to help physicians identify curve orientation with an expanded product line that includes fixed curve shapes; and

 SafeGuard Focus TM and Focus Cool TM compression devices, used to protect closed surgical sites in the immediate postoperative period.

 The product offerings in our fluid management portfolio include manifolds, control syringes and tubing.
 The principal products we offer in our hemodynamic monitoring portfolio include the Meritrans DTXPLUS disposable transducer, SAFEDRAW closed arterial sampling system and related accessories.
 The principal product offerings in our hemostasis portfolio include our Prelude SYNC EVO, PreludeSYNC Distal, PreludeSYNC EZ TM Radial Compression devices (designed to reduce and stop blood flow after radial access procedures), and the SafeGuard Pressure Assisted Device which provides hemostasis after femoral procedures.
 The principal product offerings in our intervention (cardiac) portfolio include a full line of inflation devices and hemostasis valves, including the BasixCompak, basixTOUCH, Blue Diamond and DiamondTouch inflation devices and the PhD Hemostasis Valve, the latest addition to our hemostasis valve portfolio.

 Custom Procedural Solutions
 Our custom procedural solutions product category is comprised of standard and custom kit and pack solutions that include items needed for peripheral procedures, safety and waste management products, and hemostasis accessories. Our kit and pack solutions can optimize efficiency and reduce cost and waste. The principal product offerings in this product category include:

 Critical care products;

 Dual Cap Disinfection Protection System and Medallion syringes;

 Manifold kits; and

 Trays and packs.

 OEM
 We provide coating services for medical tubes and wires under OEM brands in addition to many of the products identified above. We offer coated tubes and wires to customers on a spool or as further manufactured components including guide wire components, coated mandrels/stylets and coated needles.
 We also manufacture and sell sensor components for microelectromechanical systems. These components consist of piezoresistive pressure sensors in various forms, including bare silicon die, die mounted on ceramic substrates, and fully calibrated components for numerous applications both inside and outside the healthcare industry.
 The products in our endoscopy operating segment, Merit Medical Endotek, are organized in two product portfolios: gastroenterology and pulmonary.
 Our gastroenterology products include a complete range of innovative, gastrointestinal solutions. Our primary product offerings in our gastroenterology portfolio include our:

 Alimaxx-ES and EndoMAXX Fully Covered Esophageal Stents, for maintaining esophageal luminal patency in certain esophageal strictures;

 BIG60 Inflation Device, a 60-mL syringe and gauge designed to inflate and deflate non-vascular balloon dilators while monitoring and displaying inflation pressures up to 12 atmospheres; and

 Elation Fixed Wire, Wire Guided and new 5-stage Balloon Dilators, intended for use in the alimentary tract.

 Our pulmonary products consist of laser-cut tracheobronchial stents, advanced over-the-wire and direct visualization delivery systems and dilation balloons to endoscopically dilate strictures. Our primary product offerings in our pulmonary portfolio include our:

 AERO, AEROmini and AERO DV Fully Covered Tracheobronchial Stents, for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures produced by malignant neoplasms; and

 Elation Pulmonary Balloon Dilator, for the dilation of strictures of the trachea and bronchi.

 We also offer a variety of kits and accessories for endoscopy and bronchoscopy procedures.

 Marketing and Sales
 Target Market/Industry. Our principal target markets are peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, interventional oncology, critical care and endoscopy. Within these markets our products are used in the following clinical areas: diagnostic and interventional cardiology; interventional radiology; neurointerventional radiology; vascular, general and thoracic surgery; electrophysiology; cardiac rhythm management; interventional pulmonology; interventional nephrology; orthopedic spine surgery; interventional oncology; pain management; breast cancer surgery; outpatient access centers; intensive care; computed tomography; ultrasound; and interventional gastroenterology.
 According to statistics published by the National Center for Health Statistics, cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of death and a significant health problem in the U.S. Treatment options range from dietary changes to surgery, depending on the nature of the specific disease or disorder. Endovascular techniques, including angioplasty, stenting and endoluminal stent grafts, continue to represent important therapeutic options for the treatment of vascular disease. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. We derive a large percentage of our revenues from sales of products used during percutaneous diagnostic and interventional procedures such as angiography, angioplasty and stent placement, and we intend to pursue additional sales growth by building on our existing market position in both core technology and accessory products.
 Marketing Strategy. Traditionally, as part of our product sales and marketing efforts, we attend major medical conventions throughout the world pertaining to our target markets and invest in market development including physician training, peer-to-peer education, and patient outreach. Additionally, we are developing digital and direct-to-customer programs to increase awareness of our products, and we work closely with major healthcare facilities and physicians involving our primary target markets in the areas of training, therapy awareness programs, clinical studies and ongoing product research and development. In general, our target markets are characterized by rapid change resulting from technological advances and scientific discoveries. We plan to continue to develop and launch innovative products to support clinical trends and to address the increasing demands of these markets.
 Product Development Strategy. Our product development is focused on identifying and introducing a regular flow of profitable products that meet customer needs. To stay abreast of customer needs, we work closely with health care professionals working in the fields of medicine in which we offer or develop products. Suggestions for new products and product improvements may also come from engineers, marketing and sales personnel, and physicians and technicians who perform clinical procedures.
 When we believe that a product suggestion demonstrates a sustainable competitive advantage, meets customer needs, fits strategically and technologically with our business and has a good potential financial return, we generally assemble a "project team" comprised of individuals from our sales, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, legal and quality assurance departments. This team works to identify the customer requirements, develop the design, compile necessary documentation and testing, and prepare the product for market introduction. We believe that one of our competitive strengths is our capacity to rapidly conceive, design, develop and introduce new products that meet customer needs.
 U.S. and International Sales. Sales of our products in the U.S. accounted for 58%, 57% and 57% of our net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In the U.S., we have dedicated, direct sales organizations primarily focused on selling to end-user physicians, hospitals and alternate site facilities (e.g., office-based labs), major buying groups and integrated healthcare networks.
 Internationally, we employ sales representatives and contract with independent dealer organizations and custom procedure tray manufacturers to distribute our products worldwide, including territories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Central and South America, Mexico and Canada. In 2023, our international sales grew 6.0% over our 2022 international sales and accounted for 42% of our net sales. Our largest non-U.S. market is China, which represented 12% of our net sales in 2023 and reported net sales of $147.3 million, $149.3 million, and $138.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We maintain a distribution center and administrative office in Beijing and sales offices in a few major cities in China. We sell our products through more than 500 distributors in mainland China, who are responsible for reselling our products, primarily to hospitals. We use the "modified direct" sales approach in China, employing sales personnel throughout China who work with our distributors to promote the clinical advantages of our products to clinicians and other decision makers at hospitals.

 In 2019, China announced a volume-based procurement ("VBP") policy applicable to medical device manufacturers that is designed to reduce the price of medical devices sold in China. We began experiencing the impact of the VBP policy in 2022 and 2023 in the form of decreased sales prices and purchase volumes. We expect to continue to experience negative impacts from the VBP policy in 2024. For further discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with the VBP policy, please refer to disclosure under the heading " Regulations and trade policies implemented by foreign governments to reduce the costs of healthcare or promote business in their countries have caused, and are likely to continue to cause our sales to decline in such countries" set forth in Item 1A "Risk Factors."
 In Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA), we have both direct and modified direct sales operations. Such sales operations are active throughout the region, including the largest markets in Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe and the emerging markets within EMEA.
 Our direct sales personnel are principally engaged in each of our divisions. Marketing teams responsible for each division operate clinical education programs, often directed by leading subject matter personnel, who provide technical instruction on techniques and therapies to physicians, nurses and technologists. We are currently conducting education programs specific to radial access, spinal intervention, surgical grafts, wire-free tumor localization, electrophysiology, endoscopy, dialysis and embolism.
 We require our international dealers to store products and sell directly to customers within defined sales territories. Each of our products must be approved for sale under the laws of the country in which it is sold. International dealers are responsible for compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as well as all applicable laws and regulations in their respective countries.
 We consider training to be a critical factor in the success of our sales force. Members of our sales force are trained by our clinical marketers, our staff professionals, consulting physicians, and senior field trainers in their respective territories.
 OEM Sales. Our global OEM Division sells components and finished devices, including molded components, sub-assembled goods, custom kits and bulk non-sterile goods, to medical device manufacturers. These products may be combined with other components and products from other companies and sold under a Merit or customer label. Products sold by our OEM Division can be customized and enhanced to customer specifications, including packaging, labeling and a variety of physical modifications. Our OEM Division serves customers with a staff of regional sales representatives based in the U.S., Europe and Asia, and a dedicated OEM Engineering and Customer Service Group.
 Customers
 We provide products to hospitals and alternate site-based physicians, technicians and nurses. Hospitals and acute care facilities in the U.S. purchase our products through our direct sales force, distributors, OEM partners, or custom procedure tray manufacturers who assemble and combine our products in custom kits and packs. Outside the U.S., hospitals and acute care facilities generally purchase our products through our direct sales force, or, in the absence of a sales force, through independent distributors or OEM partners.
 Research and Development
 Our research and development operations have been central to our historical growth, and we believe they will be critical to our continued growth. In recent years, our commitment to innovation has led to the introduction of several new products, improvements to our existing products and expansion of our product lines, as well as enhancements and new equipment in our research and development facilities.
 We continue to develop new products and make improvements to our existing products utilizing many different sources. In 2023, our Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President of Global Research & Development worked closely with our sales and marketing teams to incorporate feedback from physicians and clinicians in the field, which contributed to innovative new products and improvements to our existing products.
 In 2023, we completed projects that resulted in the newest additions to our product lineup: BIG60 Alpha Inflation Device, Radial Length Merit Maestro Microcatheters, Prelude Roadster Guide Sheath Line Extensions, and the Micro ACE Advanced Micro-Access System, a novel addition to our Micro-Access lineup.

 Currently, we have research and development facilities in California, Texas, Utah, Ireland and France.
 Manufacturing
 We manufacture many of our products using our proprietary technology and our expertise in plastic injection and insert molding. We generally contract with third parties for the tooling of our molds, but we design and own most of our molds. We have also received various International Standards Organization ("ISO") certifications for many of our facilities; for further details, please refer to Item 1. "Business - Sustainability" below. Merit Sensor Systems, Inc. ("Merit Sensors") develops and markets silicon pressure sensors to a range of enterprises and presently supplies the sensors we use in our digital inflation devices and blood pressure sensors.
 We have specialized manufacturing personnel at most of our nine global manufacturing facilities. Consequently, we possess the capability to flexibly locate or shift the manufacture of products to the facilities providing the most strategic advantages. The determination of manufacturing location is based upon multiple factors, including facility technological capabilities, market demand, acquisition and integration activities and economic and competitive conditions.
 We currently produce and package all of our embolotherapy products. Manufacturing of our embolotherapy products includes the synthesis and processing of raw materials and third-party manufactured compounds.
 We have packaging and manufacturing facilities located in Texas, Virginia, Utah, Mexico, Brazil, Ireland, France, The Netherlands, and Singapore. See Item 2. "Properties."
 We ship our products through distribution centers located in Virginia, Utah, Canada, Brazil, The Netherlands, United Kingdom ("UK"), South Africa, South Korea, India, New Zealand, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand and Australia.
 Competition
 The medical products industry is highly competitive. Many of our competitors are much larger than we are and have access to greater resources. We also compete with smaller companies that sell single or limited numbers of products in specific product lines or geographies. We compete globally in several market areas, including radiology; diagnostic and interventional cardiology; interventional radiology; neurointerventional radiology; vascular, general and thoracic surgery; electrophysiology; cardiac rhythm management; interventional pulmonology; interventional nephrology; orthopedic spine surgery; interventional oncology; pain management; outpatient access centers; intensive care; computed tomography; ultrasound; and interventional gastroenterology.
 The principal competitive factors in the markets in which our products are sold are quality, price, product features, customer service, breadth of line, and customer relationships. We believe our products are attractive to customers due to their innovative designs, the quality of materials and workmanship, clinical performance, our strong focus on customer needs, and our prompt attention to customer requests. As a company, some of our primary competitive strengths are our relative stability in the marketplace; comprehensive, broad line of ancillary products; manufacturing integration to secure our supply chain; and strong cadence of new products and product line extensions that enhance our portfolio.
 Our primary competitors in our peripheral intervention market are Teleflex Incorporated ("Teleflex"), Cook Medical Incorporated ("Cook Medical"), Medtronic plc ("Medtronic"), Boston Scientific Corporation ("Boston Scientific"), and Becton, Dickinson and Company ("BD"). Our primary competitors in our cardiac intervention market are BD, Teleflex, Medtronic, Abbott Laboratories, Terumo Corporation, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, Cook Medical, and Boston Scientific. Our primary competitors in our spine market are Medtronic, Stryker Corporation, and Johnson & Johnson. Our primary competitors in our oncology market are BD, Hologic, Inc., Endomagnetics Ltd., Argon Medical Devices, Inc. and Cook Medical. Our primary competitors in our endoscopy market are Getinge AB, Boston Scientific, Cook Medical, and Olympus Corporation.

 Based on available industry data, with respect to the number of procedures performed, we believe we are a leading provider of digital inflation technology in the world. In addition, we believe we are one of the market leaders in the U.S. for analog inflation devices. We believe we are a market leader in the U.S. for control syringes, radar localization, waste-disposal systems, embolic beads, tubing and manifolds. Although we believe our recent and planned additions to these product lines will help us compete even more effectively in both the U.S. and international markets, we cannot give any assurance that we will be able to maintain our existing competitive advantages or compete successfully in the future.
 Sources and Availability of Raw Materials
 Raw materials essential to our business are generally purchased worldwide and are normally available in quantities adequate to meet the needs of our business. Where there are exceptions, the temporary unavailability of those raw materials has not historically had a material adverse effect on our financial results; however, fluctuations and uncertainties in supply chain, transportation logistics, and freight expenses that we have experienced during the past several years have challenged our operating capabilities and could result in disruptions in our operations and materially impact our financial results. For further discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with recent disruptions in supply chain and logistics, please refer to disclosure under the heading " Termination or interruption of our supply relationships and increases in labor costs and the prices of our component parts, finished products, third-party services and raw materials, particularly petroleum-based products, is negatively impacting our business and could have a further adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition. " set forth in Item 1A "Risk Factors."
 Proprietary Rights and Litigation
 We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, trademarks, copyrights and confidentiality agreements to protect our intellectual property. We have a number of U.S. and foreign-issued patents and pending patent applications, including rights to patents and patent applications acquired through strategic transactions, which relate to various aspects of our products and technology. The duration of our patents is determined by the laws of the country of issuance and, for the U.S., is typically 20 years from the date of filing of the patent application. As of December 31, 2023, we owned approximately 1,700 U.S. and international patents and patent applications.
 Additionally, we hold exclusive and non-exclusive licenses to a variety of third-party technologies covered by patents and patent applications. In the aggregate, our intellectual property assets are critical to our business, but no single patent, trademark or other intellectual property asset is of material importance to our business.
 The Merit name and logo are trademarks in the U.S. and other countries. In addition to the Merit name and logo, we have used, registered or applied for registration of other specific trademarks and service marks to help distinguish our products, technologies and services from those of our competitors in the U.S. and foreign countries. See Item 1. "Business - Products" above. The duration of our trademark registrations varies from country to country; in the U.S. we can generally maintain our trademark rights and renew any trademark registrations for as long as the trademarks are in use. As of December 31, 2023, we owned approximately 700 U.S. and foreign trademark registrations and trademark applications.
 There is substantial litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights in the medical device industry. At any given time, we may be involved as either a plaintiff or a defendant, as well as a counter-claimant or counter-defendant, in patent, trademark, and other intellectual property infringement actions. If a court rules against us in any intellectual property litigation we could be subject to significant liabilities, be forced to seek licenses from third parties, or be prevented from marketing certain products. In addition, intellectual property litigation is costly and may consume significant time of employees and management.

 Regulation
 Corporate Integrity Agreement. In October 2020, we entered into a Corporate Integrity Agreement ("CIA") with the Office of Inspector General ("OIG"), a five-year agreement that was a condition of our settlement with the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ"). The CIA subjects us to certain compliance, monitoring, reporting, certification, oversight and training obligations. The CIA requires, among other matters, that we (i) maintain a compliance officer, a compliance committee, board review and oversight of certain federal healthcare compliance matters and compliance and disclosure programs; (ii) establish compliance policies and procedures to meet the requirements of all federal health care programs and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"); (iii) provide management certifications and compliance training and education; (iv) engage an independent review organization to conduct a thorough review of our systems, policies, processes and procedures related to promotional materials, product evaluations, consulting agreements, trainings provided to healthcare professionals, sponsorships, grants and charitable contributions; (v) implement a risk assessment and internal review process; (vi) establish a disclosure program for whistleblowers; (vii) increase oversight of the interactions between our sales personnel and healthcare providers; and (viii) report or disclose certain events and physician payments. We recently completed our third reporting period under the CIA and continue to implement compliance program enhancements.
 Our failure to comply with our obligations under the CIA could result in monetary penalties and our exclusion from participation in federal health care programs.
 The foregoing description of the CIA is qualified in its entirety by the full terms of the CIA, which is attached as Exhibit 10.44 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
 Regulatory Approvals. Our products and operations are global and are subject to regulations by the FDA and various other federal and state agencies, as well as by foreign governmental agencies. These agencies enforce laws and regulations that control the design, development, testing, clinical trials, manufacturing, labeling, storage, advertising, marketing, distribution, and post-market surveillance of our medical products.
 The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and foreign governmental agencies can be lengthy and the requirements may differ. In particular, in May 2017, the European Union (E.U.) adopted Regulation (EU) 2017/745 ("MDR"), which replaced Council Directive 93/92/EEC ("MDD") as of May 26, 2021. Under transitional provisions, medical devices with notified body certificates issued under the MDD prior to May 26, 2021, for which we intend to seek approval under the MDR and which meet certain other requirements, may continue to be placed on the E.U. market until December 31, 2027 or December 31, 2028 depending on risk classification. After the expiry of the applicable transitional period, only devices that have been CE marked under the MDR may be placed on the market in the E.U. For medical devices with notified body certificates issued under the MDD prior to May 26, 2021 for which we do not intend to seek approval under the MDR, these devices may continue to be placed on the E.U. market only until May 26, 2024.
 We are preparing to comply with these new regulations under the MDR before the transitional period expires. However, there will be products that we will instead choose to discontinue or postpone introduction in the E.U. This decision will depend on a number of factors, including changing business strategies, timing and cost of obtaining MDR certification, availability of necessary data and the capacity of notified bodies. The MDR includes increasingly stringent requirements in multiple areas, such as pre-market clinical evidence, review of high-risk devices, labeling, post-market surveillance and post-market clinical follow-up. Under the MDR, pre-market clinical data will now be required to obtain CE mark approval for high-risk, new and modified medical devices.
 U.S. and foreign counter-part regulatory approval processes for medical devices are expensive, uncertain and lengthy. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for any product on a timely basis or at all. Delays in, or failure to receive, such approvals, the loss of previously received approvals, or the failure to comply with existing or future regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

 In May 2020, we received the CE mark for the Merit Wrapsody Cell-Impermeable Endoprosthesis, and we are pursuing regulatory approval in the U.S. and elsewhere. We are conducting a large, multinational pivotal human clinical trial of the Wrapsody Endoprosthesis, which is required for us to obtain approval from the FDA and some foreign regulatory agencies. Human clinical trials of a medical device are often required for regulatory clearance or approval for devices and are expensive, time-consuming and uncertain.
 Quality System Requirements. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA") and its counterpart non-U.S. laws require us to comply with quality system regulations ("QSR") pertaining to all aspects of our product design, purchasing and supplier controls, manufacturing, distribution, servicing, complaint handling, corrective and preventive action and internal quality system audits. The FDA, Notified Bodies, and foreign regulators enforce these requirements through periodic inspections of medical device manufacturers. These requirements are complex, technical and require substantial resources to remain compliant. Our failure or the failure of our suppliers to maintain compliance with these requirements could result in the shutdown of our manufacturing operations or the recall of our products, or could restrict our ability to obtain new product approvals or certificates from regulatory authorities, such as the FDA, that are necessary for import and export of our products. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business. If one of our suppliers fails to maintain compliance with our quality requirements, we may have to qualify a new supplier and could experience manufacturing delays as a result. We also could be subject to injunctions, product seizures, or civil or criminal penalties.
 Labeling and Promotion. Our labeling and promotional activities are also subject to scrutiny by the FDA and foreign regulators. Labeling includes not only the label on a device, but also includes any descriptive or informational literature that accompanies or is used to promote the device. Among other things, labeling violates the law if it is false or misleading in any respect or it fails to contain adequate directions for use. Moreover, product claims that are outside the approved or cleared labeling violate the FDCA and other applicable laws. If the FDA determines that our promotional materials constitute promotion of an uncleared or unapproved use, or otherwise violate the FDCA, it could request that we modify our promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, a notice of violation, a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fines or criminal penalties. Allegations of off-label promotion can also result in enforcement action by federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities and trigger significant civil or criminal penalties, including exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and liability under the False Claims Act, discussed further below.
 Our product promotion is also subject to regulation by the Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC"), which has primary oversight of the advertising of unrestricted devices, including FDA-cleared devices. The Federal Trade Commission Act prohibits unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, as well as unfair or deceptive practices such as the dissemination of any false or misleading advertisement pertaining to medical devices. FTC enforcement can result in orders requiring, among other things, limits on advertising, corrective advertising, consumer redress, rescission of contracts and such other relief as the FTC may deem necessary.
 In addition, under the federal Lanham Act and similar state laws, competitors and others can initiate litigation relating to advertising claims.
 Import and Export Requirements. Our operations are global and are subject to complex federal and foreign laws relating to the import and export of medical devices. Among other requirements, the laws of the U.S. require imported articles to have their labels accurately marked with the appropriate country of origin, the violation of which may result in confiscation, fines and penalties.
 Products for export are subject to foreign countries' import requirements and the exporting requirements of the exporting countries' regulating bodies, as applicable.

 Additionally, the export of our products is subject to restrictions due to trade and economic sanctions imposed by the U.S., the E.U. and other governments and organizations. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, State and Treasury and other federal agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of economic sanctions laws, export control laws, and other federal statutes and regulations, including those established by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. With the U.S. and other countries imposing export sanctions on certain countries and actors in response to escalating tensions in certain parts of the world, any such export restrictions may affect the company's business in certain regions of the world, including the requirement to obtain specific export licenses to enable the continuation of Merit's business in those regions.
 Additional Post-Market Requirements. As a medical device manufacturer, we are subject to other post-market requirements in multiple jurisdictions, including (i) product listing, (ii) establishment registration, (iii) Unique Device Identification ("UDI"), and (iv) reports of corrections and removals. We are also subject to regulations that require manufacturers to report to the FDA, or an equivalent foreign regulatory body, any incident in which their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction of the device or a similar device were to recur. The FDA also regularly inspects companies to determine compliance with the QSRs and other post-market requirements. Please refer to our discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with these post-market requirements under the heading " The FDA regulatory clearance process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain, and the failure to obtain and maintain required regulatory clearances and approvals could prevent us from commercializing our products." set forth in Item 1A "Risk Factors."
 Reimbursement. Our products are generally used in medical procedures that are covered and reimbursed by governmental payers, such as Medicare, and/or private health plans. In general, these third-party payers cover a medical device and/or related procedure in which the device is used only when the payer determines that healthcare outcomes are supported by medical evidence and the device and procedure is medically necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of the patient's illness or injury. Even if a device has received clearance or approval for marketing by the FDA or, for uses outside of the U.S., a similar foreign regulatory agency, there is no certainty that third-party payers will cover and reimburse for the cost of the device and/or related procedures involving the use of the device. Because of increasing cost-containment pressures, some private payers in the U.S. and government payers in foreign countries may also condition payment on the cost-effectiveness of the device and/or procedure. Even if coverage is available, third-party payers may place restrictions on the circumstances in which they provide coverage or may offer reimbursement that is not sufficient to cover the cost of our products. If healthcare providers such as hospitals and physicians cannot obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our products or the procedures in which they are used, this may affect demand for our products and our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could suffer a material adverse impact.
 Anti-Corruption Laws. Our international operations are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA"), the U.K. Bribery Act and other foreign anti-corruption laws. The FCPA prohibits offering, paying, or promising to pay anything of value to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining an improper business advantage. The FCPA also requires that we maintain fair and accurate books and records and devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. In certain countries, the individuals and entities that we regularly interact with may meet the definition of a foreign government official for purposes of the FCPA. As part of our compliance program, we train our U.S. and international employees, and we also train and monitor foreign third parties with whom we contract (e.g., distributors), to comply with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws. Failing to comply with the FCPA or any other anti-corruption law could result in fines, penalties or other adverse consequences.
 As we expand our international operations, we continue to increase the scope of our compliance programs to match the risks relating to the potential for violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws. Our compliance program includes (i) policies addressing not only the FCPA, but also the provisions of a variety of anti-corruption laws in multiple foreign jurisdictions, (ii) provisions relating to books and records that apply to us as a public company, and (iii) effective training for our personnel and relevant third parties.

 Transparency Laws. The U.S. Physician Payment Sunshine Act, and similar state laws, include annual reporting and disclosure requirements for device manufacturers aimed at increasing the transparency of the interactions between device manufacturers and healthcare providers. Reports submitted under these requirements are placed in a public database. Several other jurisdictions outside the U.S. have also adopted or begun adopting similar transparency laws. In addition to the burden of establishing processes for compliance, if we fail to provide these reports, or if the reports we provide are not accurate, we could be subject to significant penalties.
 Anti-Kickback Statutes. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons and entities from, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce the purchase, order, lease, or recommendation of a good or service for which payment may be made in whole or part under a federal healthcare program, such as Medicare or Medicaid, unless the arrangement fits within one of several statutory exemptions or regulatory "safe harbors." The definition of remuneration has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, credit arrangements, payments of cash and waivers of payments. Violations can result in significant penalties, imprisonment and exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs. Exclusion of a manufacturer would preclude any federal healthcare program from paying for the manufacturer's products. Under the Affordable Care Act, a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute is deemed to be a violation of the False Claims Act, which is discussed in more detail below. A party's failure to fully satisfy the obligations of a regulatory "safe harbor" provision may result in increased scrutiny by government enforcement authorities.
 In addition to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, many states have their own anti-kickback laws. Often, these laws closely follow the language of the federal law, although they do not always have the same exceptions or safe harbors. In some states, these anti-kickback laws apply with respect to all payers, including commercial health insurance companies.
 Government officials continue their vigorous enforcement efforts on the sales and marketing activities of pharmaceutical, medical device and other healthcare companies, including the pursuit of cases against individuals or entities that allegedly offered unlawful inducements to potential or existing customers to procure their business. Settlements of these government cases have involved significant fines and penalties and, in some instances, criminal proceedings.
 False Claims Laws. The False Claims Acts prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a claim paid. The Civil False Claims Act can be violated without actual knowledge and only requires reckless disregard or deliberate ignorance, while the Criminal False Claims Act requires a higher knowledge standard of actual knowledge and intent to violate. Manufacturers can be held liable under the False Claims Acts, even if they do not submit claims to the government, if they are found to have caused the submission of false claims (e.g., by third parties such as healthcare providers). The Civil False Claims Act also includes whistleblower provisions that allow private citizens to bring suit against an entity or individual on behalf of the U.S. and to recover a portion of any monetary recovery. Many of the recent, highly publicized settlements in the healthcare industry relating to sales and marketing practices have been cases brought under the Civil False Claims Act. Most states also have adopted statutes or regulations similar to the federal laws, which apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs. Sanctions under the federal False Claims Acts and similar state laws may include civil monetary penalties, treble damages, criminal fines and/or imprisonment.
 Labor Standards Laws. We are also subject to corporate social responsibility ("CSR") laws and regulations which require us to monitor the labor standards in our supply chain, including the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, the UK Modern Slavery Act, and U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulations regarding Combating Trafficking in Persons. These CSR laws and regulations may impose additional processes and supplier management systems and have led certain key customers to impose additional requirements on medical device companies, including audits, as a prerequisite to selling products to such customers, which could result in increased costs for our products, the termination or suspension of certain suppliers, and reductions in our margins and profitability.

 Environmental Regulation. We are subject to various environmental laws, directives and regulations both in the U.S. and internationally. Our operations involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily in the manufacturing and sterilization process. We believe our policies and practices comply, in all material respects, with applicable environmental laws and regulations. We strive to continuously improve our environmental metrics with a goal of reducing pollution, minimizing depletion of natural resources and reducing our overall environmental footprint. Specifically, we are working to optimize energy and resource usage, ultimately reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water use and waste.
 Privacy and Security. Due to Merit's global presence, we are impacted by the privacy and data security requirements of U.S. and foreign governments, those of various regional, provincial, state and local governments, as well those targeted towards our specific industry. More privacy and data security laws and regulations are being adopted and enforced, with increasingly significant fines and financial penalties for violations in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations. Compliance with these evolving and complex data privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations has resulted and will likely continue to result in new compliance challenges and increased costs. Our business relies on the secure electronic transmission, storage and hosting of personal and sensitive personal information, including protected health information, financial information, intellectual property and other sensitive information related to our customers and workforce.
 Internationally, Merit is impacted by a number of stringent privacy regimes, such as the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") in the E.U. and the Personal Information Protection Law ("PIPL") in China. Non-compliance could result in the imposition of significant fines, penalties, and/or orders to stop non-compliant activities.
 In the U.S., data privacy is regulated at the federal and state levels. U.S. federal and state laws protect the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient medical records ("PHI"), and restrict the use and disclosure of patient health information by healthcare providers. "Privacy" and "Security" Rules under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA"), as amended, and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the "HITECH Act"), govern the use, disclosure, and security of protected health information.
 Merit may be subject to these laws in certain instances. Additionally, several U.S. states have enacted comprehensive data privacy laws. In general, these laws give residents the right to obtain their personal information from companies, request to have their personal information deleted, and opt out of having that information sold to third parties. The state laws also compel companies to post clear privacy policies that detail the types of personal information they collect about consumers, with whom they share this data, and how consumers can control their personal data. We post on our websites our privacy notices, policies and practices regarding the collection, use and disclosure of user data, as well as providing our privacy policies to our employees (including job applicants) by linking to the Merit privacy policy (posted on the Merit website) from our Employee Handbook and our job application board. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy notices or policies or with any applicable regulatory requirements or orders, or privacy, data protection, information security or consumer protection-related privacy laws and regulations in one or more jurisdictions could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and adversely affect our business. California's Consumer Protection Act ("CCPA") went into effect on January 1, 2020, giving consumers the right to (i) prevent businesses from sharing their personal information, (ii) correct inaccurate personal information, and (iii) restrict companies from utilizing sensitive data and personal information. The California Privacy Rights Act ("CPRA"), which went into effect on January 1, 2023, amended the CCPA to include job applicants, employees, owners, officers, directors, and medical staff members of a business (collectively "employees"), give consumers even more control over their data, and increase the maximum penalties for violations against consumers who are less than 16 years old. The CPRA also prevents companies from keeping personal data longer than necessary. The addition of employees to the protections afforded by the CCPA can cause business concerns because we also have legal requirements to retain certain employee data, such as confidential disciplinary files, as well as legal document retention requirements. Virginia's Consumer Data Protection Act, which also went into effect on January 1, 2023, sets forth regulations regarding how we can control and process data, giving consumers the right to access, delete, and correct their data, as well as opt-out of personal data processing for advertising purposes. The Colorado Privacy Act and the Connecticut Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring law, both of which establish standards for how companies control and process consumer personal data, are both scheduled to take effect July 1, 2023. The Utah Consumer Privacy Act, which is scheduled to take effect on December 31, 2023, gives consumers the right to know what type of data businesses collect about them, how their data is being used and whether or not businesses intend to sell their

 data to third parties. All five of these state laws let consumers access and delete their personal data that the business has collected on them and opt out of data collection.
 Because privacy and data security laws and regulations continue to expand, differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and are subject to evolving (and at times inconsistent) governmental interpretation, compliance with these laws and regulations may require significant additional cost expenditures or changes in products or business that increase competition or reduce revenue. Noncompliance with such laws or regulations could result in the imposition of fines, penalties, or orders to stop noncompliant activities, as well as harm to reputation, or other consequences. If our customers were to reduce their use of our products and services as a result of these concerns, our business could be materially harmed. We are also subject to the possibility of security and privacy breaches, which themselves may result in a violation of these privacy laws.
 Seasonality
 Our worldwide sales have not historically reflected a significant degree of seasonality; however, customer purchases have historically been lower during the third quarter of the year, as compared to other quarters. This reflects, among other factors, lower demand during summer months in countries in the northern hemisphere.
 Sustainability
 Under the oversight of our Board of Directors and management team, we continue to make sustainability a key focus of our business. We have a cross-functional Corporate Sustainability Council that is driving long-term Environment, Social and Governance ("ESG") goals across our enterprise. These efforts have included proactive actions to address both risks and opportunities related to our sustainability program, as we strive for continued growth and profitability.
 The majority of our products are disposable medical devices and are generally disposed of after a single use due primarily to the risks of exposing patients to bloodborne pathogens capable of transmitting disease or other potentially infectious materials. Additionally, repeated sterilization to address such risks is not possible because it may adversely affect the quality of the materials used in many of our products and result in the failure of our product to function properly if used in multiple medical procedures. Consequently, many of our used products will likely end up in a medical waste disposal facility at the end of their usefulness. We continually look for opportunities to deliver sustainable, long-term growth of our business. Our sustainability practices are an integral component of our business strategy.
 We have identified sustainability opportunities, and have developed areas of focus where we are positioned to make a positive impact. These include programs designed to reduce waste, improve efficiencies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect the environment. Our sustainability values in action include:
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 achievement of ISO 14001 certification at seven facilities including six manufacturing facilities (seven in scope) and one large distribution facility (one in scope), with the goal of achieving ISO 14001certification at our seventh in scope facility by the end of 2024. (ISO 14001 is the international standard that specifies requirements for an effective environmental management system);

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 achievement of ISO 50001 certification at five manufacturing facilities (six in scope) with the goal of achieving of ISO 50001 certification at our sixth in scope manufacturing facility by the end of 2025 (ISO 50001 is the international standard that specifies requirements for an effective energy management system);

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 establishment and support of employee gardens that promote pollination and provide farm-to-table nutrition for our employees at our headquarters in South Jordan, Utah;

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 transition to re-usable pallets and methods to move products in reusable bulk containers, reducing intra-company shipping materials;

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 reduction in water consumption at our water-stressed location in South Jordan, Utah by investing in campus-wide xeriscaping and water recirculation systems within our most water intensive operations;

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 reduction in packaging materials by implementing product family packaging reviews to consolidate shipments by better understanding our customers' purchasing practices—these reviews often allow us to increase quantities per box, eliminate the usage of intermediate packaging, reducing film thickness and use original product packaging where possible;

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 transition from paper work orders to electronic work orders through our internally designed eWorq program. At full completion, this project will save millions of pieces of paper and thousands of plastic sleeves annually. Currently, our eWorq program is in place at three of our largest manufacturing sites and in 2023 we eliminated 2,569,710 pages of paper. We plan to continue implementing this program at our manufacturing facilities globally to eliminate as much paper as we can within our operations;

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 recycling programs where our employees recycle materials, including food waste, paper, plastic, cardboard, beverage containers, scrap metal, and pallets, and re-use of our plastic scrap waste leftover from the manufacturing process of our molded parts;

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 placement of free car charging stations for employees who have transitioned to electric vehicles;

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 installation of efficient heating and cooling systems that operate on variable efficiency drives, increasing our energy efficiency at our headquarters in South Jordan, Utah and our transition to Light Emitting Diode ("LED") lighting in our manufacturing facilities;

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 operation of an environmental tracking system at our world-wide facilities to facilitate monthly reporting and accountability for energy, water, waste, recycling, and scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions metrics—this system supports our 2030 operational sustainability goals; and

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 engaged in a comprehensive materiality assessment to better align ESG expectations from our internal and external stakeholders.

 To learn more about our sustainability programs and accomplishments, you may visit www.merit.com/about/corporate-sustainability/; however, the information on this website is not, and will not be deemed, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.
 Our People
 As of December 31, 2023, we had 6,950 employees located in approximately 40 different countries in a variety of different roles. In the highly competitive medical device industry, we consider attracting, developing, and retaining talented people in technical, operational, marketing, sales, research, management, and other positions to be critical to our overall long-term growth strategy. Our ability to recruit and retain such talent depends on several factors, including compensation and benefits, talent development, career opportunities, and work environment. We invest in our people and cultivate a company culture committed to supporting a diverse and inclusive workforce.
 Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. Our goal is to create a diverse and inclusive global culture that reflects the diversity of the customers we serve and encourages an environment where employees feel welcomed, respected, and valued. With this goal in mind, our Chief Human Resources Officer has been charged with working with our leadership team to strengthen and enhance our diversity and inclusion efforts company wide. We are committed to providing equal opportunity in all aspects of employment. In the U.S., we are an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer committed to making employment decisions without regard to race, religion, ethnicity or national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, disability, protected veteran status or any other characteristics protected by law. Over 50% of our U.S. employee population identifies as non-white. To further promote a culture of inclusion, during 2021 we started the Women's Leadership Initiative ("WLI"), our first ever affinity group led by women and open to all Merit employees. The WLI contributes to our long-term strategies by promoting a culture of diversity, equity and inclusion through (i) sponsoring professional development activities focused on overcoming barriers and restraints to the advancement of women's careers, (ii) facilitating external interactions with organizations and thought leaders, and (iii) providing resources focused on improving diversity, equity, and inclusion.

 Employee Engagement. The engagement of our workforce is critical to delivering on our competitive strategy, and we place high importance on informed and engaged employees. We communicate frequently with our employees through a variety of communication methods, including video and written communications, town hall meetings, and our company intranet, and we acknowledge individual contributions to Merit by celebrating milestones of service in five-year increments. Since 2021, we have substantially strengthened our employee communications capabilities through the addition of dedicated internal resources and programs aimed at doing even more to communicate with and engage our workforce. In partnership with the Gallup organization, in 2022 we launched our first ever global employee engagement survey. We repeated this employee engagement survey in 2023. This survey provided us with many insights into the engagement of our employees from which we have been able to develop action plans at the team and company level in order to further strengthen employee engagement.
 Compensation and Benefits. Because our mission is to create innovative medical devices that improve lives, we aim to hire and develop employees who want to build something special through hard work, team effort, and commitment. That is why we provide all our employees with competitive total rewards packages and strive to provide the most cost-effective medical benefits and wellness programs. As a result of our focus on competitive health and wellness benefits, we have achieved our ninth consecutive year of zero health care plan cost increases for our U.S. employees who participate in our group healthcare plans. Our total rewards package include competitive pay, annual incentive awards and bonus opportunities, healthcare and retirement benefits, an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, paid time off and sick leave, paid parental leave, flexible work schedules, remote working opportunities, and a wellness program.
 Talent Development. In 2021, we hired our first ever Director of Global Talent Management who continues to be focused on building and strengthening global programs around strategic talent management, employee performance, development, succession planning and engagement. To improve employee performance, we have begun building out a global performance management program which will be officially launched in 2024 using our recently-launched human resources information system. Employee development programs are also being executed at different regional and local levels with a focus on management and leadership development.
 Community. Our employees are actively involved in their communities and supporting causes. At our headquarters, we provide an onsite garden where employees take part in growing and distributing produce to employees and to the local community. Employees also actively support causes by raising awareness and funds for non-profit organizations. Areas that our employees have supported in recent years include Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Heart Health Month, children's charities and supporting those in need. In 2022, we continued our support of humanitarian missions through Merit product donations in Haiti, Kenya, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Tanzania. Merit also conducts and/or participates in medical education conferences around the globe.
 Wellness. Wellness is at the foundation of creating a positive employee experience. At our company headquarters in Utah, we have an onsite medical clinic available for our employees and their families where we provide preventative and general medical care. In addition, we have a Chief Wellness Coordinator dedicated to designing programs and initiatives that support the physical, emotional, and mental health of our employees. We have a monthly wellness committee meeting and create a "Get Healthy" wellness program available to all sites across the globe. Programs include providing health information from medical and nutrition experts, newsletters with wellness and dietary tips, and activities promoting health and wellbeing such as walking groups and fitness challenges. Some programs include suicide prevention awareness, on-site diabetes screenings, mental health awareness, lifestyle modification to prevent diseases, tobacco cessation and breast cancer awareness. Additionally, we continue to offer our Smart Choice meal program designed by our onsite dietician and culinary team to provide a free healthy meal option to employees in our Utah headquarters.

 Health and Safety. Ensuring our employees' safety is a top priority. We strive to foster a safety-oriented culture, and we maintain an occupational health and safety management system that covers all our employees and contractors. By minimizing risks at our production facilities and implementing training to enhance awareness of hazards, we are able to promote safe practices that can preserve the health of our employees. We maintain high standards for workplace safety, and our orientation for employees includes training about safe procedures. Our programs and policies are in compliance with applicable local, regional, and federal laws, including U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements. We have obtained ISO 45001 certification at six manufacturing facilities (seven in scope) and one distribution facility (one in scope). This is a globally recognized standard for employee occupational health and safety, established by the International Standards Organization, which provides a voluntary framework to identify key occupational health and safety aspects associated with our business helping to deliver continuous improvement. We plan to achieve this certification at our seventh in scope facility by the end of 2024.
 We also have formal plans in place to protect our employee's safety in the event of an emergency and maintain emergency action plans that employees receive training on annually. Our emergency action plans describe procedures that employees should follow when faced with a variety of unexpected health and safety events. As part of this initiative, we train certain employees to use automated external defibrillators, provide first aid, and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In addition, we conduct periodic health and safety audits of our facilities to monitor the effectiveness of our programs and drive continual improvement in our overall safety performance.
 Recent Developments
 None.
 Available Information
 We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC's internet website is www.sec.gov.
 Our internet address is www.merit.com. On our Investor Relations website, www.merit.com/investors, we make available, free of charge, a variety of information for investors. Our goal is to maintain the Investor Relations website as a portal through which investors can easily find or navigate to pertinent information about us, including:
 •

 Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with or furnish it to the SEC.

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 Press releases on our quarterly earnings and other pertinent information, including product launches, corporate initiatives, and participation in upcoming investor conferences.

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 Corporate governance information including our corporate governance guidelines, committee charters, and codes of business conduct and ethics.

 Additionally, we provide electronic and paper copies of such filings free of charge upon request.
 The information on www.merit.com is not, and will not be deemed, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.
 Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Sales
 For financial information relating to our foreign and domestic sales see Note 2 and Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report.

 Item 1A. Risk Factors.
 Our business, operations and financial condition are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results will vary, and may vary materially, from those anticipated, estimated, projected or expected. Among the key factors that may have a direct bearing on our business, operations or financial condition are the factors identified below:
 Business, Economic, Industry and Operational Risks
 Termination or interruption of our supply relationships and increases in the cost of component parts, finished products, third-party services and raw materials is negatively impacting our business and could have a further adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 We rely on raw materials, component parts, finished products and third-party services in connection with our business. For example, substantially all of our products are sterilized by only a few different entities. If any of these entities goes out of business, ceases to provide services to us or fails to comply with quality or regulatory requirements, we may be unable to find a suitable supplier to replace them. This could significantly delay or stop production and adversely affect sales of such products. Additionally, many of our products have components that are manufactured using resins, plastics and other petroleum-based materials which are available from a limited number of suppliers. We are experiencing a growing trend among suppliers of polymer resins to refuse to supply resin to medical device manufacturers or to require such manufacturers to assume additional risks. Additionally, there is no assurance that crude oil supplies will be uninterrupted or that petroleum-based manufacturing materials will be available for purchase in the future. The escalating tensions in the Middle East and the military conflict in Ukraine may increase the likelihood of supply interruptions and hinder our ability to obtain the materials we need to make our products. Supply disruptions are making it harder for us to find reliable sources for the materials we need, putting upward pressure on our costs and increasing the risk that we may be unable to acquire the materials and services we need to continue to manufacture certain products.
 The availability and price of these materials, parts, products and services are affected by a variety of factors beyond our control, including the willingness of suppliers to sell into the medical device industry, changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions, labor costs, fuel-related transportation costs, liability concerns, climate change (including existing and prospective laws and regulations), competition, import duties, tariffs, currency exchange rates and political uncertainty around the world. During 2023, we experienced significantly elevated commodity and supply chain costs, including the costs of labor, raw materials, energy, packaging materials and other inputs necessary for the production and distribution of our products. Those elevated costs may continue in 2024. In addition to the effect on resin prices, transportation costs have generally increased and may further increase if crude oil prices increase. Our transportation and service providers typically pass any significant increases in oil prices on to us.
 Our ability to recover such increased costs may depend upon our ability to raise prices on our products. Due to the highly competitive nature of the healthcare industry and the cost-containment efforts of our customers and third-party payers, we may be unable to pass along cost increases through higher prices. If we are unable to recover these costs through price increases or offset these increases through cost reductions, or we experience terminations or interruption of our relationships with our suppliers, we could experience lower margins and profitability, and our business, operations or financial condition could be materially harmed.
 Changes in economic and geopolitical conditions, domestic and foreign trade policies, monetary policies and other factors beyond our control may adversely impact our business, operations and financial condition.
 Our operations and performance depend significantly on global, regional and U.S. economic and geopolitical conditions. The global macroeconomic environment continues to be challenging due to the effects of increases in inflation globally, instability in global credit markets, uncertainty regarding global central bank monetary policy, instability in the geopolitical environment in many parts of the world, current economic challenges in China, and other factors. Periods of diplomatic or armed conflict, such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, tensions in the Middle East and China-Taiwan relations, may result in (i) new and rapidly evolving sanctions and trade restrictions, which may impair trade with sanctioned individuals and countries, and (ii) negative impacts to regional trade ecosystems among our customers, partners, and us. Non-compliance with sanctions, as well as general ecosystem disruptions, could result in reputational harm, operational delays, monetary fines, lost revenues, increased costs, lost export privileges or criminal sanctions. Furthermore, U.S. trade policy

 could trigger retaliatory actions by other countries, including China, resulting in a "trade war." A trade war could result in increased costs for raw materials we use in our manufacturing, foreign governments imposing tariffs on products that we export outside the U.S. or limitations on our ability to sell our products abroad. These increased costs would have a negative effect on our financial condition and profitability.
 The above factors, as well as other economic and geopolitical factors in the U.S. and abroad, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition, including:

 changes in economic, monetary and fiscal policies in the U.S. and abroad including currency fluctuations, inflationary pressures and significant income tax changes;

 a global or regional economic slowdown in any of our market segments;

 a regional epidemic or a global pandemic, such as COVID-19, and government and social responses;

 changes in government policies and regulations affecting the Company or its significant customers;

 policies in various countries that favor domestic industries or restrict foreign companies;

 trade policies and tariffs enacted by countries in response to changes in U.S. trade policies and tariffs;

 postponement of spending, in response to tighter credit, financial market volatility and other factors;

 rapid escalation of the cost of regulatory compliance and litigation; and

 credit risks, longer payment cycles and other challenges in collecting accounts receivable.

 The military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the global response to it, has adversely affected, and will likely continue to adversely affect our business, and results of operations.
 The war between Russia and Ukraine has increased global economic and political uncertainty and created barriers to doing business in Russia. Governments in the U.S., U.K. and E.U. have each imposed controls on certain products and financial and economic sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties. Additional controls and sanctions could be enacted in the future. We continue to actively monitor the situation in Russia and Ukraine and assess its impact on our business, including our suppliers and customers. We have no manufacturing facilities or significant operations in Russia or Ukraine and as such, the conflict has not had a material impact on our manufacturing operations to date; however, our sales into the region have been negatively impacted by expanded controls and sanctions and could be further impacted in the future. It is also possible that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may escalate or expand, and the scope, extent and duration of the military action, current or future sanctions and resulting market and geopolitical disruptions could be significant. We cannot predict the impact the conflict may have on the global economy or our business, financial condition and operations in the future. The Russia and Ukraine conflict may also heighten the impact of other risks factors described herein.
 Any damage or interruption to our operations, facilities, manufacturing processes or information technology systems, or those of our suppliers, could have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 Damage or interruption to our facilities or systems because of fire, extreme weather conditions, natural disaster, power loss, communications failure, geopolitical disruption, labor strikes, riots, cyber-attack, health epidemics or pandemics, unauthorized entry or other events could significantly disrupt our operations, the operations of suppliers and critical infrastructure. These events may also delay or prevent product manufacturing and shipment during the time required to repair, rebuild or replace the damaged facilities or systems. We have recently closed or reduced the operations of certain facilities and moved operations and resources to other facilities, and we are in the process of other facility consolidation initiatives. The resulting concentration of resources and the potential disruption and logistical challenges resulting from those initiatives may further exacerbate the adverse effects of these events or make it more difficult for us to respond to the effects of these events. Those initiatives may also divert the attention of our management team or other personnel, result in unanticipated expense and disrupt our operations. Climate change may increase both the frequency and severity of natural disasters and, consequently, risks to our operations and growth. Although we maintain property damage and business interruption insurance coverage on our facilities, our insurance might not cover all losses under such circumstances, and we may not be able to renew or obtain such insurance in the future on acceptable terms with adequate coverage or at reasonable costs.
 Consolidation in the healthcare industry, group purchasing organizations and public procurement policies have led to demands for price concessions, which may reduce our revenues and harm our ability to sell our products at prices necessary to support our current business strategies.

 Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade, which has led to numerous cost reform initiatives by legislators, regulators and third-party payers. Cost reform has triggered a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power, which has created more requests for pricing concessions and is expected to continue in the future. Additionally, many of our customers belong to group purchasing organizations or integrated delivery networks that use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for these hospitals and healthcare providers. These customers are often able to obtain lower prices and more favorable terms because of the potential sales volume they represent, which has led to lower revenues and required us to take on additional liability. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the healthcare industry worldwide, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products.
 We may be unable to compete in our markets, particularly if there is a significant change in practices or technology.
 The markets in which our products compete are highly competitive. We face competition from many companies which are larger, better established, have greater financial, technical and other resources and possess a greater market presence than we do. Such resources and market presence may enable our competitors to more effectively market competing products or to market competing products at reduced prices in order to gain market share.
 In addition, our ability to compete successfully is dependent, in part, upon our response to changes in technology and upon our efforts to develop and market new products which achieve significant market acceptance. Companies with substantially greater resources than us are actively engaged in research and development of new methods, treatments, drugs, and procedures to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease that could limit the market for our products and eventually make some of our products obsolete. A reduction in the demand for our products, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 Strategic, Business Development and Employee Attraction and Retention Risks
 We may be unable to successfully manage growth and maintain operational efficiencies.
 Successful implementation and execution of our business strategy will require that we effectively manage our growth. As the Company grows, we are often faced with decisions to (i) expand certain product lines and discontinue others, (ii) open or expand new facilities and close others, (iii) allocate resources between new and established markets, or (iv) allocate resources between the expansion of organic business and the acquisition of new product lines. The outcome of each of these decisions is uncertain, and even with the exercise of excellent business judgment, results may not align with expectations because of the many factors listed in this section. In addition, our management will need to continue to implement changes in certain aspects of our business, improve our information systems, infrastructure and operations to respond to increased demand, attract and retain qualified personnel, and develop, train, and manage an increasing number of employees. We may not have the resources available to implement certain necessary changes, and as a result, growth may be delayed or we may not be able to take advantage of certain business opportunities. Growth has placed, and will likely continue to place, an increasing strain on our management, sales and other personnel, and on our financial, product design, marketing, distribution, technology and other resources. Any failure to manage growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 We may incur substantial costs when evaluating, negotiating and closing acquisitions, and our failure to integrate acquired businesses may adversely impact our business and financial results.
 We seek to supplement our internal growth through strategic acquisitions and transactions. We have completed a series of strategic acquisitions and transactions, some of which have been significant, and continue to evaluate other potential acquisitions and transactions, certain of which may also be significant. We have incurred, and will likely continue to incur, significant expenses in connection with evaluating, negotiating and consummating various acquisition and other transactions. As we grow through acquisitions, we face the additional challenges of integrating the operations, culture, systems and other characteristics of the acquired enterprises with our own. Our efforts to integrate acquisitions and transactions may be hampered by delays, the loss of certain employees, suppliers or customers, proceedings resulting from employment terminations, culture clashes, unbudgeted costs, and other issues, which may occur at levels that are more severe or prolonged than anticipated.

 Additionally, past and future acquisitions and transactions may increase the risks of competition we face by, among other things, extending our operations into industry segments and product lines where we have few existing customers or qualified sales personnel and limited expertise. Further, as a result of certain acquisitions, we are selling capital equipment, in addition to our historical sales of disposable medical devices. The sale of capital equipment may create additional risks and potential liability, which may negatively affect our business, operations or financial condition.
 In addition, we may not realize competitive advantages, synergies or other benefits anticipated in connection with any such acquisition or other transaction. If we do not adequately identify and value targets for, or manage issues related to, acquisitions and other transactions, such transactions may not produce the anticipated benefits and have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition. We have incurred expenses in connection with the disposition of businesses and assets which we acquired but determined that they did not produce the benefits contemplated at the time of acquisition. We may incur similar expenses in the future.
 Our future growth is dependent in part upon the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products, and there can be no assurance that such products be developed or enhanced.
 In order to develop new products and enhance existing products, we focus our research and development programs largely on the development of next-generation and novel-technology products. The development of new products and enhancement of existing products requires significant investment in research and development, clinical trials and regulatory approvals. The results of our product development efforts may be affected by a number of factors, including our ability to anticipate customer needs, innovate and develop new products, efficiently conduct and complete clinical trials, obtain regulatory approvals and reimbursement approvals in the U.S. and abroad, manufacture products in a cost-effective manner, obtain and enforce intellectual property rights and gain and maintain market approval of our products. There can be no assurance that any products we are preparing for launch, now developing or that we may seek to develop in the future, will achieve technological feasibility, obtain regulatory approval or gain market acceptance. If we are unable to develop and launch new products and enhanced products, our ability to maintain or expand our market position in the markets in which we participate may be materially adversely impacted.
 Additionally, the development or enhancement of certain products or groups of products, for example the Merit Wrapsody Cell-Impermeable Endoprosthesis, may have a disproportionate impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have devoted and currently devote significant research and development resources to certain products and groups of products. In light of the significant investment of financial and personnel resources to the development of these products, failure to meet development timelines or growth projections, poor clinical outcomes, increasing regulatory requirements, launch delays and inability to effectively scale manufacturing and achieve targeted margins with respect to any of these products or groups of products in particular may adversely impact our business, operations and financial condition.
 We may be unable to accurately forecast customer demand for our products and manage our inventory.
 To ensure adequate supply, we must forecast our inventory needs and place orders with our suppliers based on estimates of future demand for particular products. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products could be negatively affected by many factors, including our failure to accurately manage our growth strategy and customer acceptance of new products, product introductions by our competitors, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products or for products of our competitors, unanticipated changes in general market conditions or regulatory matters and weakening of economic conditions, or decreased consumer confidence. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs, which would impact our gross margin. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand, our manufacturing facilities may not be able to deliver products to meet our order requirements, which could damage our reputation and customer relationships.
 We do not maintain direct sales and marketing capabilities in many countries and are dependent on our distributors for the commercialization of our products in those countries. If we are unable to maintain or establish sales capabilities on our own or through third parties, we may not be able to effectively commercialize our products in those countries.
 We have no or limited direct sales or marketing capabilities in some of the regions and countries in which our products are sold, including, among others, China, Japan, and India. We have entered into distribution agreements with third parties to market and sell our products in those countries in which we do not have a direct sales force and in those countries in

 which we utilize a "modified direct" sales approach. If we are unable to enter into or maintain such distribution arrangements on acceptable terms, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our products in certain countries. Moreover, to the extent that we enter into distribution arrangements with other companies, our revenues, if any, will depend on the terms of any such arrangements and the efforts of others. These efforts may turn out not to be sufficient and our third-party distributors may not effectively sell our products or may choose to instead sell competing products. In addition, although our contract terms require our distributors to comply with applicable laws regarding the sale of our products, including anti-competition, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering and sanctions laws, we may not be able to ensure proper compliance. If our distributors fail to effectively market and sell our products in compliance with applicable laws, our results of operations and business could be impacted.
 We are dependent upon key personnel and have announced the anticipated retirement of our Chief Executive Officer.
 Our success is dependent on key management personnel, including Fred P. Lampropoulos, our Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer. We do not maintain key man life insurance on Mr. Lampropoulos. The loss of Mr. Lampropoulos, or of certain other key management personnel, could have a materially adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition. We have announced that a committee of our independent directors is developing and will oversee a succession plan in preparation for Mr. Lampropoulos' retirement, which we currently anticipate will occur at the end of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Despite the efforts of that committee and our senior management team to implement an effective succession plan that will position Merit for future growth, development and value creation, there can be no assurance that we will not experience disruption in our management team, departure of key management or other employees, loss of focus on our strategic business objectives or other adverse consequences resulting from the anticipated transition.
 Our technical, sales, marketing and other specialized personnel also play an integral role in the development, marketing and sale of new and existing products. If we are unable to hire, develop and retain a competitive work force, or if we are unable to plan effective succession for the future, we may not be able to meet our strategic business objectives. In addition, if we are unable to maintain an inclusive culture that aligns our diverse workforce with our mission and values, this could adversely impact our ability to hire, develop and retain key talent.
 Regulatory, Litigation, Tax and Legal Compliance Risks
 Regulations and trade policies implemented by foreign governments to reduce the costs of healthcare or promote business in their countries have negatively impacted, and are likely to continue to negatively impact our sales in such countries.
 Regulations and trade policies implemented by foreign governments have resulted in increased costs, lower margins and lower sales than we had forecast, and have had an adverse effect on our business. Our customers and suppliers may also be affected by these events. Thus, even if we are not directly impacted by these regulations and policies, we may still experience lower demand for our products, increases in our manufacturing costs and supply chain delays or disruptions because of the effects these events may have on our customers and suppliers.
 For example, China, one of our largest international markets, has recently implemented the VBP policy which has the specific aim of decreasing prices for medical devices. China's VBP policy decreased our sales prices and volumes in China in 2022 and 2023, which negatively impacted our revenues in China during those years. Due to uncertainties with the application of the VBP tender process, we are unable to reliably predict the impact of the VBP policy on our China revenues in 2024. However, we expect that the VBP tender process in China will continue to have a negative impact on the revenue we are able to generate in China in 2024, and there can be no assurance that the VBP policy will not have a materially adverse effect on our business and operations.
 The FDA regulatory clearance process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain, and the failure to obtain and maintain required regulatory clearances and approvals could prevent us from commercializing our products.
 Before we can introduce a new device or a new use of or a claim for an existing device in the U.S., we must generally obtain clearance from the FDA, unless an exemption from premarket review or an alternative procedure, such as a de novo risk-based classification or a humanitarian device exemption, applies. The FDA clearance and approval processes for medical devices are expensive, time-consuming and uncertain.

 We may make changes to our cleared devices without seeking additional clearances or approvals if we determine such clearances or approvals are not necessary and document the basis for that conclusion. However, the FDA may disagree with our determination or may require additional information, including clinical data, to be submitted before a determination is made, in which case we may be required to delay the introduction and marketing of our modified products, redesign our products, conduct clinical trials to support any modifications and pay significant regulatory fines or penalties. In addition, the FDA may not approve or clear our products for the indications that are necessary or desirable for successful commercialization.
 Further, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared products on a timely basis. Delays in receipt of, or failure to obtain, regulatory clearances for any product enhancements or new products we develop would result in delayed or no realization of revenue from such product enhancements or new products and in substantial additional costs, which could decrease our profitability.
 In addition, we are required to continue to comply with applicable FDA and other regulatory requirements once we have obtained clearance or approval for a product, including good manufacturing practices, timely adverse event reporting and other post-market requirements. We cannot provide assurance that we will comply with all of these requirements or successfully maintain the clearances or approvals we have received or may receive in the future. The loss of previously received clearances or approvals, or the failure to comply with existing or future regulatory requirements, could also have a material adverse effect on our business.
 Our products are subject to regulation in foreign countries in which we sell them. We have expended significant resources and experienced delays in obtaining foreign approvals and clearances and we will likely continue to incur significant expense, and experience delays and uncertainty, as we seek to obtain further approvals or clearances.
 In order to sell our products in foreign countries, generally we must obtain regulatory approvals and comply with applicable regulations of those countries. These regulations, including the requirements for approvals or clearances and the time required for regulatory review, vary from country to country. See our related discussion under Item 1. "Business – Regulation – Regulatory Approvals."
 In general, we intend to obtain MDR approvals for our principal products sold in the E.U. ahead of expiry dates; however for multiple reasons, including but not limited to changing business strategies, limited labor pool and contract resources, administrative delays, increased costs of obtaining MDR certification, availability of necessary data and notified body capacity, there will be some products that will not be fully compliant at the time of expiry. The additional time and resources required to obtain MDR certification has been a significant factor in, and will likely continue to influence, our decisions to discontinue sales and distribution of certain products in the E.U.
 Complying with and obtaining regulatory approval in foreign countries, including our efforts to comply with changing requirements and with the requirements of the MDR, have caused and will likely continue to cause us to experience more uncertainty, risk, expense and delay in commercializing products in certain foreign jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse impact on our net sales, market share and financial results from our international operations.
 Some of our products are subject to clinical trials and other analyses, the results of which may be unexpected, or perceived as unfavorable by the market, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 As a part of the regulatory process of obtaining marketing clearance for new products and new indications for existing products, we conduct and participate in clinical trials and other analyses with a variety of study designs and patient populations. Pursuit of our business strategy will likely increase our need for, and dependance on, clinical trials and other analyses. Unexpected or inconsistent clinical data from existing or future clinical trials or other analyses conducted by us, by our competitors or by third parties, including acquired businesses prior to acquisition by us, or the FDA's, foreign regulatory authorities' or the market's perception of this clinical data, may adversely impact our ability to obtain product approvals, our position in, and share of, the markets in which we participate and our business, financial condition, results of operations or future prospects.

 We are developing and expect to continue to develop products that are increasingly therapeutic in nature. We anticipate that applicable regulatory requirements will necessitate clinical trials and other analyses relating to many of these therapeutic products. In particular, we are currently conducting a large, multinational pivotal human clinical trial of the Wrapsody Endoprosthesis. A successful outcome of this trial is required to obtain approval from the FDA and some international regulatory authorities. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary regulatory clearances or approvals for the Wrapsody Endoprosthesis or any other products on a timely basis or at all.
 The medical device industry is subject to extensive scrutiny and regulation by governmental and other authorities, and we are currently operating under a Corporate Integrity Agreement. If governmental authorities determine that we have violated laws, regulations or our Corporate Integrity Agreement, our company or our employees may be subject to various penalties, including civil or criminal penalties.
 Our products and business activities are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and other federal, state and foreign authorities. These authorities and domestic and foreign legislators continue to scrutinize the medical device industry. In recent years, the U.S. Congress, DOJ, OIG, SEC and the Department of Defense, as well as foreign counterparts, have issued subpoenas and other requests for information to medical device manufacturers, primarily related to financial arrangements with healthcare providers, regulatory compliance and product promotional practices.
 In October 2020, we entered into a Settlement Agreement with the DOJ to resolve their investigation into our past marketing transactions and practices. Under the Settlement Agreement and related agreements, we paid $18.7 million (which includes interest and certain fees) in exchange for a release from liability for the alleged conduct. The settlement was also conditioned upon our entering into the CIA. Please refer to the discussion in Item 1. "Business - Regulation - Corporate Integrity Agreement." Even if we fully comply with the CIA, we have incurred, and anticipate that we will continue to incur, substantial costs in connection with the settlement and compliance with the CIA. It is unclear what impact the settlement has had and may have on our reputation. This matter has consumed a significant amount of our resources and management's attention.
 We anticipate that government authorities will continue to scrutinize our industry closely, and that additional regulation by government authorities may increase compliance costs, exposure to litigation and other adverse effects on our operations. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including the terms of the CIA, we may be subjected to a wide variety of sanctions and enforcement actions, including warning letters that require corrective action, injunctions, product seizures or recalls, suspension of product manufacturing, revocation of approvals, import or export prohibitions, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, civil fines and/or criminal penalties, which in turn may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms.
 We are subject to laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry, the violation of which could adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
 Our operations are subject to various state and federal laws targeting fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry, including the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute and other anti-kickback laws, which prohibit any person from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce or reward either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for an item or service, for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal or civil sanctions, including substantial fines, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, any of which could harm our business or negatively impact our financial results. Allegations of such violations could lead to expensive and time-consuming investigations by government authorities and result in conviction of these violations or settlement costs and additional restrictions, like the CIA discussed above under Item 1. "Business - Regulation - Corporate Integrity Agreement."
 Furthermore, our contracts with government-sponsored healthcare entities are subject to specific procurement requirements. Failure to comply with applicable rules or regulations or with contractual or other requirements may result in monetary damages and criminal or civil penalties as well as termination of our government contracts or our suspension or debarment from government contract work.

 We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions, and our failure, or the failure of our distributors or agents, to comply with these laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties and adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
 We currently conduct our business in various foreign countries, and we expect to continue to expand our foreign operations. As a result, we are subject to the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar anti-corruption laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions. These laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from illegally offering things of value to any individual for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.
 Compliance with the FCPA and other anti-bribery laws presents challenges to our operations. Our policies mandate compliance with the FCPA and all other applicable anti-bribery laws. Further, we expect our employees, distributors, agents and others who work for us or on our behalf to comply with these anti-bribery laws. Despite our training and compliance programs, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts or other violations committed by our employees, distributors or agents. If our employees, distributors or agents violate the provisions of the FCPA or other anti-bribery laws, or even if there are allegations of such violations, we could be subject to investigations or civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material, adverse effect on our reputation, business, operations or financial condition.
 Limits on reimbursement imposed by governmental and other programs may adversely affect our business and results of operation.
 We sell our products to hospitals and other healthcare providers around the world that typically receive reimbursement for the services provided to patients, which incorporate the use of our products, from third-party payers such as government programs (e.g., Medicare and Medicaid in the U.S.) and private insurance programs. The ability of our customers to obtain adequate reimbursement for the health care procedures that use our products, such that the cost of our products is covered, is critical to our business. Limits on reimbursement imposed by such third-party payers may adversely affect our customers, such as hospitals, physicians and other healthcare providers, to purchase our products, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 Third-party payers, whether foreign or domestic, or governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In general, a third-party payer covers a medical procedure only when the plan administrator is satisfied that the product or procedure is reasonable and necessary to the patient's treatment; however, for certain payers (such as foreign governments and some commercial insurers) the cost-effectiveness of the treatment may also be a condition. In addition, in the U.S., no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our products exists among third-party payers. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our products can differ significantly from payer to payer and, in some cases, jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In addition, payers continually review new and existing technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny, change or reverse coverage decisions or alter prior authorization requirements for new or existing products and procedures. We cannot provide assurance that we will be successful in any efforts we may potentially undertake to reverse such non-coverage or unfavorable coverage decisions. If we are not successful in reversing non-coverage or unfavorable coverage policies, or if third-party payers that currently cover or reimburse certain procedures involving the use of our products reverse, change or limit their coverage of such procedures in the future, or if other third-party payers issue similar policies or adopt similar practices, our business and results of operation could be adversely impacted.
 Further, we believe that future coverage and reimbursement may be subject to increased restrictions, such as additional prior authorization requirements, both in the U.S. and in international markets. Third-party coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our products or any of our products in development for which we may receive regulatory approval may not be available or adequate in either the U.S. or international markets, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
 Our business is subject to evolving domestic and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in user growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.

 The U.S. and many other countries in which we operate have adopted laws and regulations protecting certain data, including medical and personal data (including HIPAA, the HITECH Act and the rules issued thereunder), and requiring data holders and controllers to implement administrative, logical and technical controls and procedures in order to protect the privacy of such data. Individual states have also begun to enact data privacy laws giving consumers the right to demand certain information and actions from companies who collect personal information. Internationally, some countries have also passed laws and regulations that require individually identifiable data on their citizens to be maintained on local servers and that may restrict transfer or processing of that data. In addition, regulatory authorities around the world are considering additional proposals concerning data protection. These laws and regulations have been, and may continue to be, inconsistent with each other, requiring different approaches in different jurisdictions. In addition, the interpretation and application of medical and personal data protection laws and regulations in the U.S., Europe, China and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux. Further, we have incurred, and will likely continue to incur, significant expense in connection with our efforts to comply with those applicable laws and regulations. It is possible that these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices, may result in significant liability, fines or orders requiring that we change our data practices, which could, in turn, cause us to incur substantial costs and have a materially adverse effect on our business.
 Use of our products in unapproved circumstances could expose us to liabilities.
 The marketing clearances and approvals from the FDA and other authorities of certain of our products are, or are expected to be, limited to specific uses. We are prohibited from marketing or promoting any uncleared or unapproved use of our product. However, physicians may use these products in ways or circumstances other than those strictly within the scope of the regulatory approval or clearance. The use of our products for unauthorized purposes could arise from our sales personnel or third-party distributors violating our policies by providing information or recommendations about such unauthorized uses. Consequently, claims may be asserted by the FDA or other authorities that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations or have improperly promoted our products for uncleared or unapproved uses. The FDA or such other authorities could require a recall of products or allege that our promotional activities misbrand or adulterate our products or violate other legal requirements, which could result in investigations, prosecutions, fines or other civil or criminal actions.
 Our products may be subject to product liability claims and warranty claims.
 The design, manufacture and marketing of medical devices involves various risks. Frequently, our products are used in connection with invasive procedures and in other medical contexts that entail an inherent risk of product liability claims. If medical personnel or their patients suffer injury or death in connection with the use of our products, whether as a result of a failure of our products to function as designed, an inappropriate design, inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or information, improper use, or for any other reason, we could be subject to lawsuits seeking significant compensatory and punitive damages. Product liability claims may be brought by individuals or by groups seeking to represent a class. We have previously faced, and currently face, claims by patients claiming injuries from our products. To date, these claims have not had a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition. The outcome of this type of personal injury litigation is difficult to assess or quantify. We maintain product liability insurance; however, there is no assurance that this coverage will be sufficient to satisfy any claim made against us. Moreover, any product liability claim brought against us could result in significant costs, divert our management's attention from other business matters or operations, increase our product liability insurance rates, or prevent us from securing insurance coverage in the future. As a result, any lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 We generally offer a limited warranty for the return of product due to defects in quality and workmanship. We attempt to estimate our potential liability for future product returns and establish reserves on our financial statements in amounts that we believe will be sufficient to address our warranty obligations; however, our actual liability for product returns may significantly exceed the amount of our reserves. If we underestimate our potential liability for future product returns, or if unanticipated events result in returns that exceed our historical experience, our financial condition and operating results could be materially harmed.
 In addition, the occurrence of such an event or claim could result in a recall of products from the market or a safety alert relating to such products. Such a recall could result in significant costs, reduce our revenue, divert management's attention from our business, and harm our reputation.

 Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, manufacturers and distributors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.
 We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, consultants, manufacturers and distributors may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct, or unauthorized activities that violate the healthcare laws and regulations of the FDA and other federal, state and international authorities, manufacturing standards, and laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, and a global anti-corruption policy, but it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties.
 We are routinely a party to litigation, which could affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 We are routinely a party, including as a defendant to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, claims or other legal matters, arising in the course of our business. Although we endeavor to mitigate our legal risk, we are potentially subject to a wide variety of claims in the conduct of our business, including claims relating to products liability, labor matters, securities laws, regulatory compliance and breach of contract. Legal proceedings can be complex and time-consuming, with the final outcome depending on a number of variables, some of which are beyond our control. Litigation is subject to significant uncertainty and may be expensive, time-consuming, and disruptive to our operations. Although it is our intention to vigorously defend ourselves in such legal proceedings, their ultimate resolution and potential financial and other impacts on us are uncertain. If a legal proceeding is resolved against us, it could result in significant compensatory damages or injunctive relief that could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 Environmental, Health and Safety and Corporate Social Responsibility Risks
 Our failure to comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could negatively affect our business, operations or financial condition.
 We manufacture and assemble certain products that require the use of materials that are subject to domestic and foreign laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, health and safety. Moreover, existing and prospective environmental, health and safety laws and regulation could lead to business interruption, increased costs and other adverse consequences to our business. Compliance with future regulations may also require additional capital investments or other expenses. Additionally, because we use a limited amount of hazardous and other regulated materials in our manufacturing processes, we are subject to certain risks of future liabilities, lawsuits and claims resulting from any substances we manufacture, dispose of or release. Certain environmental laws and regulations may impose "strict liability" for the conduct of, or conditions caused by, others, or for acts that were in non-compliance with applicable laws at the time the acts were performed, rendering us liable without regard to our negligence or fault. Because of these laws, the composition of our products and packaging or any accidental release may have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 Some of our products are composed of materials that contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ("PFAS"). Regulations are being considered in the European Union and other countries that would limit or ban the use of PFAS in consumer and medical products. If these regulations were to restrict our use of PFAS in the production of our products, our business, operations and financial condition could be materially harmed.
 Environmental laws and regulations could also impact the way in which our finished products are sterilized. Most of our products are sterilized using Ethylene Oxide ("EtO"). Regulations are being considered in the U.S., EU and other countries that would limit the use of EtO for the sterilization of medical products. The impact of these regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.
 Our operations are also subject to various laws and regulations relating to occupational health and safety. We maintain safety, training and maintenance programs as part of our ongoing efforts to ensure compliance with applicable laws and

 regulations. Compliance with applicable health and safety laws and regulations has required and continues to require significant expenditures.
 We could be negatively impacted by corporate social responsibility laws, regulations, practices and expectations.
 We are subject to corporate social responsibility ("CSR") laws and regulations which require us to monitor the labor standards in our supply chain, including the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, the UK Modern Slavery Act, and U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulations regarding Combating Trafficking in Persons. These labor laws and regulations may impose additional processes and supplier management systems and have led certain key customers to impose additional requirements on medical device companies, including audits, as a prerequisite to selling products to such customers, which could result in increased costs for our products, the termination or suspension of certain suppliers or customers, and reductions in our margins and profitability.
 Governments, investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on CSR practices and disclosures, and expectations in this area are rapidly evolving. On occasion, we announce new initiatives, including goals, under our corporate responsibility framework. This framework is aligned with areas of interest to us, which include sustainability, social impact, diversity, equity and inclusion and supply chain management, among others. The criteria by which our CSR practices are assessed may change due to the quickly evolving social and regulatory landscape, which could result in greater regulatory requirements or expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. Moreover, the increasing attention on CSR initiatives could also result in reduced demand for our products, reduced profits and increased investigations and litigation. If we are unable to satisfy evolving criteria, investors may conclude that our policies and actions with respect to CSR matters are inadequate. If we fail or are perceived to have failed to achieve previously announced initiatives or goals or to accurately disclose our progress, our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.
 Our business and operations are subject to risks related to climate change.
 Risks associated with climate change are subject to increasing societal, regulatory and political focus in the United States and globally. Shifts in weather patterns caused by climate change are projected to increase the frequency, severity or duration of certain adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, droughts, extreme temperatures or flooding, which could cause more significant business and supply chain interruptions, damage to our products and facilities as well as the infrastructure of hospitals, medical care facilities and other customers, reduced workforce availability, increased costs of raw materials and components, increased liabilities and decreased revenues than what we have experienced in the past from such events. In addition, increased public concern over climate change could result in new legal or regulatory requirements designed to mitigate the effects of climate change, which could include the adoption of more stringent environmental laws and regulations or stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Such developments could result in increased compliance costs and adverse impacts on raw material sourcing, manufacturing operations and the distribution of our products, which could adversely affect our operations and operating results.
 Intellectual Property
 We may not be able to protect our intellectual property, which could harm our business and financial condition.
 Our ability to remain competitive is dependent, in part, upon our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and prevent other companies from infringing our intellectual property rights to produce competing products. We seek to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of confidentiality and license agreements, maintaining trade secrets, and through registrations under patent, trademark, and copyright laws. However, these measures afford only limited protection and may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by third parties. Additionally, these measures may not prevent competitors from duplicating our products or gaining access to our proprietary information and technology. Third parties may copy all or portions of our products or otherwise use our intellectual property without authorization, and we may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our intellectual property by consultants, vendors and former and current employees. Despite our efforts to restrict such unauthorized disclosure or use through nondisclosure agreements and other contractual restrictions, we may not be able to enforce these contractual provisions or we may incur substantial costs enforcing our legal rights.

 Third parties may also develop similar or superior technology independently or by designing around our patents. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not offer the same level of protection for our intellectual property as the laws of the U.S. Further, no assurances can be given that any patent application we have filed or may file will result in a patent being issued, or that any existing or future patents will afford adequate or meaningful protection against competitors or against similar technologies. All of our patents and copyrights will eventually expire and some of our patents, including patents protecting significant elements of our technology, will expire within the next several years.
 Filing, prosecuting and defending our intellectual property in countries throughout the world may be impractical and prohibitively expensive. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any such lawsuits that we might initiate could be expensive, time consuming and divert management's attention from our business. Litigation also puts our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly. Additionally, we may provoke third parties to assert claims against us. Moreover, the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protections, which makes it difficult to stop infringement. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially valuable.
 Third parties claiming that we infringe their intellectual property rights could cause us to incur significant legal or licensing expenses and prevent us from selling our products.
 Our commercial success will depend in part on not infringing or violating the intellectual property rights of others. From time to time, third parties may claim that we have infringed their intellectual property rights, including claims regarding patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and confidential information. We may not be aware of whether our products do or will infringe existing or future patents or the intellectual property rights of others. Because of constant technological change in the medical device industry in which we compete, the extensive patent coverage of existing technologies, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible that the number of these claims may grow. In addition, former employers of our former, current, or future employees may assert claims that such employees have improperly disclosed to us the confidential or proprietary information of such former employers. Any such claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, distract management from day-to-day operations and harm our brand or reputation, which in turn could harm our business or results of operations. If we are not successful in defending such claims, we could be required to (i) stop selling our products, (ii) redesign our products, (iii) discontinue the use of related trademarks, technologies or designs, (iv) pay damages or indemnification obligations, or (v) enter into royalty or licensing arrangements. Royalty or licensing arrangements that we may seek in such circumstances may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all and we may not be able to redesign applicable products in a way to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of others. We have made and expect to continue making significant expenditures to investigate, defend and settle claims related to the use of technology and intellectual property rights as part of our strategy to manage this risk.
 Information Technology and Cybersecurity Risks
 We rely on the proper function, availability and security of information technology systems to operate our business, and a material disruption of critical information systems or a material breach in the security of our systems may adversely affect our business and customer relationships.
 We rely on information technology systems (including technology from third-party providers) to process, transmit, and store electronic information in our day-to-day operations, including sensitive personal information and proprietary or confidential information. We also rely on our technology infrastructure, among other functions, to interact with customers and suppliers, fulfill orders and bill, collect and make payments, ship products, provide support to customers, fulfill contractual obligations and otherwise conduct business. Our internal information technology systems, as well as those systems maintained by third-party providers, may be subjected to inadvertent leaks, computer viruses or other malicious code, unauthorized access attempts, and ransom or other cyber-attacks (including through phishing emails, attempts to fraudulently induce employees or others to disclose information, and the exploitation of software and operating vulnerabilities), any of which could result in data leaks or otherwise compromise our confidential or proprietary information and disrupt our operations. Cyber-attacks continue to increase in frequency, sophistication and intensity, and are becoming increasingly difficult to detect, especially as they relate to attacks on third-party providers or their vendors. Such attacks are often carried out by motivated and highly skilled actors, who are increasingly well-resourced. Geopolitical events have also increased cybersecurity risks on a global basis. There can be no assurance that our protective measures

 have prevented or will prevent security breaches, any of which could have a significant impact on our business, reputation and financial condition, particularly attacks that result in our intellectual property and other confidential information being accessed or stolen.
 We rely on third-party vendors to supply and support certain aspects of our information technology systems. These vendors could become vulnerable to cyber-attacks, malicious intrusions, breakdowns, interference or other significant disruptions, and their systems may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could result in system disruption or compromise the information security of our own systems. In addition, we continue to grow in part through business and product acquisitions and may face risks associated with defects and vulnerabilities in the systems operated by the other parties to those transactions, or difficulties or other breakdowns or disruptions in connection with the integration of the acquired businesses and products into our information technology systems.
 Cyber-attacks could also result in unauthorized access to our systems and products, including personal information of individuals, which could trigger notification requirements, encourage actions by regulatory bodies, result in adverse publicity, prompt us to offer credit support products or services to affected individuals and lead to class action or other civil litigation. If we fail to monitor, maintain or protect our information technology systems and data integrity effectively or fail to anticipate, plan for or manage significant disruptions to these systems, we could (i) lose customers, (ii) be subject to fraud, (iii) breach our agreements with or duties toward customers, physicians, other health care professionals and employees, (iv) be subject to regulatory sanctions or penalties, (v) incur expenses or lose revenues, (vi) sustain damage to our reputation, or (vii) suffer other adverse consequences. Unauthorized tampering, adulteration or interference with our products may also create issues with product functionality that could result in a loss of data, risk to patient safety, and product recalls or field actions. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 The SEC has adopted new rules that require us to provide greater disclosure regarding cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance, as well as disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur in order to comply with these rules or the timing of such costs. These rules may also require us to report a cybersecurity incident before we have been able to fully assess its impact or remediate the underlying issue. Efforts to comply with such reporting requirements could divert management's attention from our incident response and could potentially reveal system vulnerabilities to threat actors. Failure to timely report incidents under these or other similar rules could also result in monetary fines, sanctions or subject us to other forms of liability.
 Market, Liquidity and Credit Risks
 The agreements and instruments governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly affect our ability to operate our business, as well as significantly affect our liquidity.
 On June 6, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Fourth Amended Credit Agreement"), with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other financial institutions named therein. The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates in its entirety our previously outstanding Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and all amendments thereto (the "Third Amended Credit Agreement").
 We have pledged substantially all of our assets as collateral for the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. Our breach of any covenant in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, not otherwise cured, waived or amended, could result in a default under that agreement and could trigger acceleration of the underlying obligations. Any default under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement could adversely affect our ability to service our debt and to fund our planned capital expenditures and ongoing operations. The administrative agent, joint lead arrangers, joint bookrunners and lenders under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement have available to them the remedies typically available to lenders and secured parties, including the ability to foreclose on the collateral we have pledged. It could lead to an acceleration of indebtedness and foreclosure on our assets.
 On December 8, 2023, we issued $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the "Convertible Notes") to persons reasonably believed to be "qualified institutional buyers" pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Convertible Notes are unsecured and bear interest at 3.00% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2024. The Convertible Notes

 will mature on February 1, 2029, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
 The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement and the Indenture which governs the Convertible Notes (the "Note Indenture") contain restrictive covenants that could adversely affect our ability to operate our business, our liquidity or our results of operations. These covenants restrict, among other things, our incurrence of indebtedness, creation of liens or pledges on our assets, mergers or similar combinations or liquidations, asset dispositions, repurchases or redemptions of equity interests or debt, issuances of equity, payment of dividends and certain distributions and entry into related party transactions.
 As currently amended, the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement provides for potential borrowings of up to $850 million. Such increased borrowing limits may make it more difficult for us to comply with leverage ratios and other restrictive covenants in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. We may also have less cash available for operations and investments in our business, as we will be required to use additional cash to satisfy the minimum payment obligations associated with this increased indebtedness.
 Our management has broad discretion regarding the use of proceeds of the Convertible Notes and other borrowed funds.
 Our management has broad discretion with respect to the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes and borrowed funds under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, including uses for acquisitions, capital expenditures, technological improvements, research and development projects and other items. Some of these uses could prove to be ineffective or unproductive and could negatively impact our business. We have not identified specific acquisitions or other uses for a significant portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes or borrowed funds under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. Investors will not have the opportunity to evaluate in advance the allocation of our available funds that our management decides to deploy. Rather, investors will rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of our available funds. Our failure to utilize borrowed funds effectively and productively or find suitable investments or assets to acquire in a timely manner or on acceptable terms could result in financial losses, violation of financial covenants to which we are subject, harm our ability to access additional liquidity resources or have other negative consequences, any of which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 We may not be able to service all of our indebtedness.
 As of December 31, 2023, our total outstanding indebtedness under the Convertible Notes and the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement was $846.6 million. Under the terms of the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, we are potentially able to borrow up to $626 million in additional funds, which could result in total indebtedness under the Convertible Notes and Fourth Amended Credit Agreement of $1,473 million.
 We depend on our cash on hand and free cash flow from operations to fund our debt obligations, capital expenditures and ongoing operations. Our ability to service our debt and to fund our planned capital expenditures and ongoing operations will depend on our ability to continue to generate cash flow which, in turn, is dependent on a range of economic, competitive, and business factors, many of which are outside our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or we are unable to access additional liquidity sources, we may not be able to service or repay our debt, operate our business, respond to competitive challenges, or fund our other liquidity and capital needs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 The fundamental change repurchase feature of the Convertible Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to acquire us.
 Certain provisions in the Note Indenture may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, the Note Indenture requires us, in certain circumstances, to repurchase the Convertible Notes for cash upon the occurrence of a fundamental change and, in certain circumstances, to increase the conversion rate for a holder that converts its Convertible Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change. A takeover of Merit may trigger the requirement that we repurchase the Convertible Notes and/or increase the conversion rate, which could make it more costly for a potential acquirer to engage in such takeover. Such additional costs may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of Merit that would otherwise be beneficial to investors.

 The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.
 The market price of our common stock has at times, been, and may in the future be, volatile for various reasons, including those discussed in these risk factors. Other events that could cause volatility in our stock include, without limitation, variances in our financial results; analysts' and other projections or recommendations regarding our common stock specifically or medical technology stocks generally; any restatement of our financial statements or any investigation of us by the SEC, DOJ, OIG, FDA, or another regulatory authority; actions taken by activist investors or other shareholders, significant litigation or a decline, or rise, of stock prices in capital markets generally.
 In connection with the sale of the Convertible Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain of the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes and/or their affiliates (the "Option Counterparties"). The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of any Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. Certain actions taken by the Option Counterparties, including modifying their hedge positions, purchasing or selling our common stock, or defaulting on their obligations, could cause or avoid an increase or decrease in the market price of our common stock.
 Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may negatively impact our financial results.
 We report our financial results in United States Dollars. However, a substantial amount of our revenue is derived from international sales in foreign currencies. Thus, the revenues we report with respect to our operations outside the U.S. have been and may continue to be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These fluctuations in exchange rates are caused by a number of factors, including changes in a country's political and economic policies and inflationary conditions. Furthermore, currency exchange rates have been especially volatile in recent years, and these currency fluctuations have affected, and may continue to affect, the reported value of our assets and liabilities, as well as our cash flows. Those fluctuations could have a negative impact on our margins and financial results. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, the exchange rate between all applicable foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar resulted in a decrease in net sales of $6.4 million, a decrease in net sales of $23.8 million, and an increase in net sales of $10.3 million, respectively.
 For the year ended December 31, 2023, $423.4 million, or 33.7%, of our net sales were denominated in foreign currencies, with our Chinese Yuan- and Euro-denominated sales representing our largest currency risks to net sales. If the rate of exchange between foreign currencies declines against the U.S. Dollar, we may not be able to increase the prices we charge our customers for products whose prices are denominated in those respective foreign currencies. Furthermore, we may be unable or elect not to enter into hedging transactions which could mitigate the effect of declining exchange rates. As a result, if the rate of exchange between foreign currencies declines against the U.S. Dollar, our financial results may be negatively impacted.
 We are subject to changes in tax laws, fluctuations in tax rates, the adoption of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities, which may adversely affect our effective tax rate, business, financial condition, or results of operations.
 We are subject to taxation in numerous countries, states and other jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various countries, states and other jurisdictions in which we operate. In preparing our financial statements, we estimate the amount of tax that will become payable in each of these jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate may, however, differ from the estimated amount due to numerous factors, including a change in the mix of our profitability from country to country and changes in tax laws. Any of these factors could cause us to experience an effective tax rate significantly different from previous periods or our current expectations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.
 In many countries, including the United States, we are subject to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of income are reported as earned by our U.S. or local entities and are taxed accordingly. Although we believe we are in substantial compliance with applicable regulations and restrictions, we are subject to the risk that governmental authorities could assert that we owe additional taxes. In the event that audits, assessments, or other determinations by governmental authorities are concluded adversely to us, they could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.

 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
 None.

 Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

 We maintain strong cybersecurity systems to guard against unauthorized access, malicious software, corruption of data, disruption of our networks and systems and unauthorized release of confidential information. We employ an experienced and dedicated information security team, strive to follow industry best practices, and work with our employees globally to create awareness and mitigate cyber risk. On an ongoing basis, we assess risks (including our exposure from significant information technology suppliers, significant software as a service providers and major vendors with access to our information technology systems) and implement procedures and practices designed to improve the security, confidentiality, integrity and availability of our systems. We voluntarily engage third-party security auditors to test our systems and controls at least annually against the most widely recognized security standards and regulations. We have developed and continue to implement a continuing cyber awareness training program which is designed to increase awareness of cybersecurity threats throughout our company and reduce the risk of human error. We conduct periodic phishing testing on all our employees with e-mail access and emphasize information security in training events and programs we host throughout the year.
 We have established controls and procedures to escalate enterprise-level issues, including cybersecurity matters, to the appropriate management levels within our organization and our Board of Directors, or members or committees thereof, as appropriate. Our Board of Directors provides oversight of our enterprise risk management, including our approach to managing cybersecurity risk, and has delegated responsibility for review of information security risks to its Audit Committee. The Audit Committee regularly reviews information security risks and receives reports from our Chief Information Officer and other members of the Company's management regarding those risks. Our cybersecurity program is managed by a dedicated Chief Information Officer whose global team, including the Director, Information Security, is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes. Our Chief Information Officer has over 28 years of relevant industry experience, including 17 years with Merit. Our Director, Information Security, functions as our senior information security officer and has over 17 years of relevant industry experience. Further, team members who support our cybersecurity program have relevant educational and industry experience through various roles involving information technology, security, auditing, compliance, systems and programming, as well as cybersecurity certifications such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional.

 Under our framework, cybersecurity issues are analyzed by subject matter experts for potential financial, operational, and reputational risks, based on, among other factors, the nature of the matter and breadth of impact. Matters determined to present potential material impacts to the Company's financial results, operations, and/or reputation are immediately reported by management to our Board of Directors or the Audit Committee, as appropriate, in accordance with our escalation framework. In addition, we have established procedures to ensure that management responsible for overseeing the effectiveness of disclosure controls is informed in a timely manner of known cybersecurity risks and incidents that may materially impact our operations and that timely public disclosure is made as appropriate.

 We maintain cyber insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms, conditions and limitations, cover certain aspects of cybersecurity risks; however, such insurance coverage may be unavailable or insufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise in the continually evolving area of cyber risk.

 During the last three years, we have not experienced a material security breach and, as a result, we have not incurred any material expenses from such a breach. Furthermore, during such time, we have not been penalized or paid any amount under any information security breach settlement.

 Item 2. Properties.
 Our world headquarters is located in South Jordan, Utah, with our principal office for European operations located in Galway, Ireland and our principal office for Asian distribution located in Beijing, China. We also support our European operations from a distribution and customer service facility located in Maastricht, The Netherlands. In addition, we lease commercial space in India, Hong Kong, Italy, Dubai, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan, South Africa, Singapore, Great Britain, Vietnam, Taiwan, New Zealand, Indonesia, and France, as well as in California and Texas. Our principal manufacturing and packaging facilities are located in Utah, Virginia, Texas, Ireland, Brazil, France, Singapore, Mexico, and The Netherlands. Our research and development activities are conducted principally at facilities located in Utah, California, Texas, Ireland and France.
 Our total manufacturing, commercial, distribution, and research space is approximately 1.9 million square feet, of which approximately 1.0 million square feet is owned, and 0.9 million square feet is leased.
 The following is a summary of the approximate square footage of our key facilities as of December 31, 2023:

 Location

 Main Purpose

 Area (sq. ft.)

 Utah

 HQ, Manufacturing, Distribution, Research

 724,170

 Mexico

 Manufacturing

 196,690

 Virginia

 Manufacturing, Distribution

 187,659

 Ireland

 Manufacturing, Research

 139,680

 The Netherlands

 Manufacturing, Distribution

 136,501

 Texas

 Manufacturing, Research

 94,000

 Singapore

 Manufacturing

 68,000

 China

 Distribution

 59,708

 Operations associated with our cardiovascular segment utilize all of our facilities, while operations associated with our endoscopy segment are conducted primarily from our facilities located in Utah and Texas.
 We believe our existing and proposed facilities will generally be adequate for our present and future anticipated levels of operations.

 Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
 See Note 10 "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report and incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
 The disclosure required by this item is not applicable.

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 Market Information
 Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "MMSI." As of February 26, 2024, the number of shares of our common stock outstanding was 57,930,050 held by approximately 91 shareholders of record, not including shareholders whose shares are held in securities position listings. We did not repurchase any shares during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
 Performance
 The following graph compares the performance of our common stock with the performance of the NASDAQ US Benchmark TR Index and NASDAQ Stocks (SIC 3840-3849 U.S. Companies - Surgical, Medical and Dental Instruments and Supplies) f or a five-year period by measuring the changes in common stock prices from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2023.

 12/2018

 12/2019

 12/2020

 12/2021

 12/2022

 12/2023

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc.

 $

 100.00

 $

 55.94

 $

 99.46

 $

 111.63

 $

 126.52

 $

 136.07

 NASDAQ US Benchmark (TR)

 100.00

 131.17

 159.07

 200.26

 160.75

 203.23

 NASDAQ Stocks (SIC 3840-3849 U.S. Companies)

 100.00

 130.29

 193.37

 219.67

 155.78

 163.47

 The stock performance graph assumes for comparison that the value of our common stock and of each index was $100 on December 31, 2018 and that all dividends were reinvested. Past performance is not necessarily an indicator of future results.
 NOTE: Performance graph data is complete through last fiscal year. Corporate Performance Graph with peer group uses peer group only performance (excludes only Merit). Peer group indices use beginning of period market capitalization weighting. Prepared by Zacks Investment Research, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Copyright 1980-2023. Used with permission. All rights reserved. Index Data: Copyright NASDAQ OMX, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved.

 Item 6. Reserved.

 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto set forth in Item 8 of this report.
 Overview
 We design, develop, manufacture, market and sell medical products for interventional and diagnostic procedures. For financial reporting purposes, we report our operations in two operating segments: cardiovascular and endoscopy. Our cardiovascular segment consists of four product categories: peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, custom procedural solutions, and OEM. Within these product categories, we sell a variety of products, including cardiology and radiology devices (which assist in diagnosing and treating coronary arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease and other nonvascular diseases), as well as embolotherapeutic, cardiac rhythm management, electrophysiology, critical care, breast cancer localization and guidance, biopsy, and interventional oncology and spine devices. Our endoscopy segment consists of gastroenterology and pulmonology devices which assist in the palliative treatment of expanding esophageal, tracheobronchial and biliary strictures caused by malignant tumors.
 For the year ended December 31, 2023, we reported sales of $1.257 billion, up $106.4 million or 9.2%, compared to 2022 sales of $1.151 billion. Our revenue results for the year ended December 31, 2023 were driven primarily by stronger-than-anticipated demand in the U.S. and more favorable than anticipated international sales trends, particularly in the EMEA and "Rest of World" ("ROW") regions.
 Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 46.4% for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to 45.1% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
 Net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $94.4 million, or $1.62 per share, as compared to $74.5 million, or $1.29 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
 In June 2023, we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of dialysis catheter products and the BioSentry Biopsy Tract Sealant System from AngioDynamics and acquisition of the Surfacer Inside-Out Access Catheter System from Bluegrass.
 On November 10, 2020, we introduced a corporate transformation initiative known as "Foundations for Growth" with multi-year financial targets for growth and improved profitability. We completed the final year of our Foundations for Growth Program, delivering or exceeding each of the financial targets we outlined for the three-year period ending December 31, 2023. We are introducing the "Continued Growth Initiatives" Program and new multi-year financial targets for the three-year period ending December 31, 2026.
 On December 8, 2023, we closed an offering of $747.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the "Convertible Notes"). We intend to use the proceeds from the Notes offering for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment or reduction of existing debt, sales and marketing activities, medical affairs and educational efforts, research and development, clinical studies, working capital, capital expenditures and investments in and acquisitions of other companies, products or technologies in the future.

 Results of Operations
 The following table sets forth certain operational data as a percentage of sales for the years indicated:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Net sales

 %

 %

 %

 Gross profit

 46.4

 45.1

 45.2

 Selling, general and administrative expenses

 29.7

 29.8

 31.2

 Research and development expenses

 6.6

 6.6

 6.6

 Legal settlement

 —

 —

 0.9

 Impairment charges

 —

 0.2

 0.4

 Contingent consideration expense

 0.1

 0.4

 0.3

 Acquired in-process research and development expense

 0.1

 0.6

 —

 Income from operations

 9.9

 7.6

 5.7

 Other expense — net

 (0.9)

 (0.4)

 (0.7)

 Income before income taxes

 8.9

 7.2

 5.0

 7.5

 6.5

 4.5

 Sales
 Listed below are the sales by product category within each operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, other than percentage changes):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Peripheral Intervention

 14.2

 %

 $

 502,220

 8.6

 %

 $

 439,810

 18.6

 %

 $

 405,116

 Cardiac Intervention

 4.4

 %

 358,451

 7.0

 %

 343,186

 14.6

 %

 320,641

 Custom Procedural Solutions

 2.7

 %

 195,333

 (1.9)

 %

 190,194

 (4.6)

 %

 193,942

 OEM

 13.5

 %

 164,556

 17.4

 %

 145,034

 12.5

 %

 123,528

 Total

 9.2

 %

 1,220,560

 7.2

 %

 1,118,224

 11.7

 %

 1,043,227

 Endoscopy Devices

 12.4

 %

 36,806

 3.9

 %

 32,757

 6.2

 %

 31,524

 Total

 9.2

 %

 $

 7.1

 %

 $

 11.5

 %

 $

 Cardiovascular Sales. Our cardiovascular sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $1.221 billion, up 9.2%, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 of $1.118 billion. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were favorably affected by increased sales of:
 (a)
 Peripheral intervention products, which increased by $62.4 million, or 14.2%, from the corresponding period of 2022. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our access, drainage, radar localization, and biopsy products.

 (b)
 Cardiac intervention products, which increased by $15.3 million, or 4.4%, from the corresponding period of 2022. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our access, hemostasis, angiography, and cardiac rhythm management/electrophysiology ("CRM/EP") products, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our intervention products.

 (c)
 Custom procedural solutions products, which increased by $5.1 million, or 2.7% from the corresponding period of 2022. This increase was driven primarily by increased sales of our kits and critical care products, offset partially by decreased sales of trays.

 (d)
 OEM products, which increased by $19.5 million, or 13.5% from the corresponding period of 2022. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our CRM/EP, angiography, intervention and coating products as well as our kits, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our fluid management products.

 Our cardiovascular sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.118 billion, up 7.2%, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 of $1.043 billion. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were favorably affected by increased sales of:
 (a)
 Peripheral intervention products, which increased by $34.7 million, or 8.6%, from the corresponding period of 2021. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our access, embolotherapy, and radar localization products.

 (b)
 Cardiac intervention products, which increased by $22.5 million, or 7.0%, from the corresponding period of 2021. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our intervention, CRM/EP, and angiography products, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our fluid management products.

 (c)
 OEM products, which increased by $21.5 million, or 17.4% from the corresponding period of 2021. This increase was driven primarily by sales of our access, angiography, fluid management, intervention, coating products and kits, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our CRM/EP products.

 The foregoing increase in sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 was partially offset by decreased sales of:
 (d)
 Custom procedural solutions products, which decreased by $(3.7) million, or (1.9)% from the corresponding period of 2021. This decrease was driven primarily by decreased sales of our critical care products, offset partially by increased sales of trays.

 Endoscopy Sales. Our endoscopy sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $36.8 million, up 12.4%, when compared to sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $32.8 million. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were favorably affected by increased sales of our EndoMAXX fully covered esophageal stent, Elation Balloon Dilator, and AERO Mini tracheobronchial stent, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our probes.
 Our endoscopy sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $32.8 million, up 3.9%, when compared to sales for the corresponding period in 2021 of $31.5 million. Sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were favorably affected by increased sales of our Elation Balloon Dilator and other stents, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our EndoMAXX fully covered esophageal stent.
 Geographic Sales
 Listed below are sales by geography for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands, other than percentage changes):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 11.7

 %

 726,989

 6.8

 %

 650,559

 10.7

 %

 608,878

 International

 6.0

 %

 530,377

 7.4

 %

 500,422

 12.6

 %

 465,873

 Total

 9.2

 %

 $

 7.1

 %

 $

 11.5

 %

 $

 United States Sales: U.S. sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $727.0 million, or 57.8% of net sales, up 11.7% when compared to 2022. The increase in our domestic sales in 2023 was driven primarily by our U.S. direct, OEM and oncology businesses. U.S. sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $650.6 million, or 56.5% of net sales, up 6.8% when compared to 2021. The increase in our domestic sales in 2022 was driven primarily by our U.S. direct, sensors and OEM businesses.
 International Sales. International sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $530.4 million, or 42.2% of net sales, up 6.0% when compared to 2022. The increase in our international sales during 2023 was primarily a result of higher sales in EMEA, which increased $18.0 million or 8.3%, higher rest of world sales which increased $7.0 million or 16.6%, and higher sales in APAC, which increased $4.9 million or 2.1%, compared to the corresponding period of 2022. International sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $500.4 million, or 43.5% of net sales, up 7.4% when compared to 2021. The increase in our international sales during 2022 was primarily a result of higher sales in APAC, which increased $13.3 million or 5.9%, higher sales in EMEA, which increased $11.4 million or 5.5%, and higher rest of world sales which increased $9.9 million or 30.8%, compared to the corresponding period of 2021.

 Our international sales are subject to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between the natural currency of a foreign country and the U.S. Dollar. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, calculated by using the applicable average foreign exchange rates for the prior year decreased sales (0.5)% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022 and decreased sales (2.2)% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021.
 Gross Profit
 Our gross profit as a percentage of sales was 46.4%, 45.1%, and 45.2% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of sales for 2023, as compared to 2022, was primarily due to increased sales combined with changes in standard costs and product mix, lower freight expenses due to focus on increasing ocean freight and lowering air shipments, partially offset by higher royalty costs associated with sales and higher intangible amortization expense as a percentage of sales associated with acquisitions. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales for 2022, as compared to 2021, was primarily due to less favorable manufacturing variances and higher freight costs as a percentage of sales, partially offset by more favorable changes in standard cost and product mix, decreased intangible amortization expense as a percentage of sales, and lower obsolescence expense, among other factors.
 Operating Expenses
 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased $31.2 million, or 9.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022 and increased $6.8 million, or 2.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales were 29.7%, 29.8% and 31.2% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 The increase in SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily related to increased labor-related costs associated with an increase in headcount and higher variable compensation linked to company performance, increase in loss for disposal of equipment associated with restructuring, higher travel related expenses as restrictions from the pandemic continued to decline, and an increase in depreciation and amortization associated with acquisitions.
 The increase in SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily related to an increase in labor-related costs, including a $6.6 million increase for severance associated with restructuring and site closures, and higher travel related expenses as restrictions from the pandemic continued to decline; partially offset by a decrease of approximately $6 million for contract termination costs incurred in 2021 to renegotiate certain terms of our September 1, 2017 share purchase agreement with IntelliMedical Technologies Pty. Ltd. ("IntelliMedical"). In addition, f or the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $1.0 million of expense in connection with the negotiated settlement of a shareholder derivative lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Utah against Merit, our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and certain of our directors.
 Research and Development Expenses. Our research and development ("R&D") expenses as a percentage of sales were 6.6%, 6.6% and 6.6% for the years ended December 31 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. R&D expenses increased by $7.2 million or 9.6% to $82.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $75.5 million in 2022. The increase in R&D expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily related to labor-related costs consistent with an increase in headcount and an increase in regulatory expense and costs for clinical trials.
 R&D expenses increased by $4.3 million or 6.0% to $75.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $71.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in R&D expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily related to labor-related costs consistent with an increase in headcount. We also incurred increased outside service and consulting costs due to higher costs from clinical trials and the implementation of the MDR in the E.U.

 Legal Settlement. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded approximately $10 million of net expense in connection with an agreement in principle to settle the securities class action lawsuit in December 2019 against Merit, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the "Class Action Litigation"). This expense includes $18.25 million of settlement related costs, net of $8.2 million of insurance proceeds.
 Impairment Charges. For the year ended December 21, 2023, we recorded impairment charges of $270 thousand due to the acquisition and subsequent write-off of our equity investment in Bluegrass Vascular Technologies, Inc. ("Bluegrass").
 For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $2.2 million. These impairments included $1.7 million of intangible assets for our divestiture of the STD Pharmaceutical Products Limited ("STD Pharmaceutical") business acquired in our August 2019 acquisition of Fibrovein Holdings and $0.5 million impairment of our equity investment in XableCath, Inc. as this business ceased operations.
 For the year ended December 31, 2021 we recorded impairment charges of $4.3 million. These impairments included $1.6 million of intangible asset and $1.3 million of property and equipment due to the planned discontinuance of the Advocate Peripheral Angioplasty Balloon product line, sold under our license agreements with ArraVasc Limited ("ArraVasc") and $1.4 million of impairments of certain right-of-use ("ROU") operating lease assets due to site consolidation decisions and changes in our projected cash flows for the underlying lease assets.
 Contingent Consideration Expense. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded $1.7 million, $4.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of net contingent consideration expense from changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent consideration obligations stemming from our previously disclosed business acquisitions. The expense in each fiscal year relates to changes in the probability and timing of achieving certain revenue and operational milestones, as well as expense for the passage of time.
 Acquired In-process Research and Development. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred in-process research and development charges of $1.6 million p rimarily associated with the assets we acquired from Advanced Radiation Therapy, LLC ("ART") on May 1, 2023. We incurred $6.7 million for in-process research and development charges associated with our acquisition of Restore Endosystems, LLC ("Restore Endosystems") during the year ended December 31, 2022. We did not incur in-process research and development charges during the year ended December 31, 2021.
 Operating Income
 Our operating profit by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

 Operating Income

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 114,440

 $

 80,946

 $

 53,415

 9,504

 6,617

 7,501

 Total operating income

 $

 123,944

 $

 87,563

 $

 60,916

 Cardiovascular Operating Income. Our cardiovascular operating income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $114.4 million, compared to cardiovascular operating income of $80.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in cardiovascular operating income was primarily related to higher sales and gross profit, decreased impairment charges ($270 thousand in 2023 compared to $2.2 million in 2022), decreased acquired in-process research and development charges, and decreased contingent consideration expense ($1.7 million in 2023 compared to $4.6 million in 2022), partially offset by higher SG&A and R&D expenses.

 Our cardiovascular operating income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $80.9 million, compared to cardiovascular operating income of $53.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase in cardiovascular operating income was primarily related to higher sales, decreased legal settlement costs, including $10 million in 2021 in connection with an agreement in principle to settle a securities class action lawsuit, and decreased impairment charges within our cardiovascular operating segment ($2.2 million in 2022 compared to $4.3 million in 2021), partially offset by increased labor-related and travel costs, and increased contingent consideration expense ($4.6 million in 2022 compared to $3.2 million in 2021).
 Endoscopy Operating Income. Our endoscopy operating income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $9.5 million, compared to operating income of $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in endoscopy operating income relative to 2022 was primarily due to higher sales and gross profit, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses.
 Our endoscopy operating income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $6.6 million, compared to operating income of $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease in endoscopy operating income relative to 2021 was primarily due to decreased gross margin percentage as a result of changes in product mix and higher shipping costs and higher labor-related costs, partially offset by higher sales.
 Other Income (Expense)
 Our other expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $11.9 million, $4.9 million, and $7.0 million, respectively. The increase in other expense for 2023 compared to 2022 was principally the result of an increase in interest expense associated with increased borrowings under our Credit Agreement, issuance of convertible debt and rising interest rates, partially offset by an increase in interest income associated with an increase in cash and cash equivalents.
 The decrease in other expense for 2022 compared to 2021 was principally the result of an increase in other income associated with realized and unrealized foreign currency gain (loss), partially offset by an increase in interest expense associated with rising interest rates and an increase in other expense related to the divestiture of the STD Pharmaceutical business.
 Effective Tax Rate
 Our provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was a tax expense of $17.7 million, $8.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 15.8%, 9.8%, and 10.1%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate for 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily the result of decreased benefit from items such as stock-based compensation, the foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) deduction, as well as the foreign tax credits being utilized. The decrease in the effective income tax rate for 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily the result of a benefit from the change in foreign withholding taxes on unremitted foreign earnings due to the restructuring of our foreign entities, more foreign tax credits being utilized, as well as additional benefit from the FDII deduction.
 Net Income
 Our net income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $94.4 million, $74.5 million, and $48.5 million, respectively. The increase in net income for 2023, when compared to 2022, was primarily related to higher sales, higher gross margin as a percentage of sales, decreased impairment charges ($270 thousand in 2023 compared to $2.2 million in 2022), decreased contingent consideration expense ($1.7 million in 2023 compared to $4.6 million in 2022), decreased acquired in-process research and development expense ($1.6 million in 2023 compared to $6.7 million in 2022); partially offset by higher SG&A and R&D expenses.
 The increase in net income for 2022, when compared to 2021, was primarily related to higher sales, decreased legal settlement costs primarily due to the $10.0 million settlement in 2021 in connection with an agreement in principle to settle a securities class action lawsuit, and decreased impairment charges ($2.2 million in 2022 compared to $4.3 million in 2021); partially offset by higher SG&A expenses due to higher labor-related and travel costs, as well as increased contingent consideration expense of $4.6 million in 2022 compared to $3.2 million in 2021.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources
 Capital Commitments and Contractual Obligations
 Our most significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023 included total long-term debt obligations of $846.6 million, of which $0.0 million is recorded in current liabilities, interest payments on this debt, contingent consideration liabilities of $3.4 million, of which $0.4 million is recorded in current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities of $68.3 million, of which $12.1 million is recorded in current liabilities. Additional information about these obligations is contained in Notes 8, 15 and 17 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report.
 Cash Flows
 At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $589.1 million and $60.6 million respectively, of which $48.7 million and $49.6 million, respectively, were held by foreign subsidiaries. We do not consider our foreign earnings to be permanently reinvested. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately $2.1 million and $2.1 million respectively, of our cash and cash equivalents represents restricted cash for the payment of certain import and other taxes for our subsidiary in China. Cash held by our subsidiary in China is subject to local laws and regulations that require government approval for the transfer of such funds to entities located outside of China. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, of $17.6 million and $26.1 million, respectively, held by our subsidiary in China.
 Cash flows provided by operating activities. We generated cash from operating activities of $145.2 million, $114.3 million and $147.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $30.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Significant changes in operating assets and liabilities affecting cash flows during these years included:

 Net income was $94.4 million and $74.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 Cash used for inventories was $(32.1) million and $(47.9) million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in inventory was principally associated with our strategy to proactively invest in our inventory balances to encourage high customer service levels, as well as to build bridge inventory for production line transfers and increases in safety stock due to vendor supply delays.

 Cash provided by (used for) accounts payable was $(7.3) million and $12.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to an increase in operating expenses and changes in the timing of vendor payments.

 Cash paid for income taxes was $31.5 million and $17.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to increases in income before tax.

 Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $32.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Significant changes in operating assets and liabilities affecting cash flows during these years included:

 Net income was $74.5 million and $48.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This improvement in net income was partially offset by an increase in the non-cash adjustment for deferred income taxes within the statement of cash flows of $(14.9) million and $(4.6) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

 Cash (used for) accounts receivable was $(15.1) million and $(8.6) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, due primarily to increases in sales volume,

 Cash provided by (used for) other receivables was $4.2 million and $(10.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, due primarily to the collection of approximately $8.2 million of insurance proceeds in connection with the consolidated securities class action lawsuit we settled in April 2022,

 Cash used for inventories was $(47.9) million and $(25.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, due primarily to efforts to normalize inventory levels as well as build bridge inventory for production line transfers and increases in safety stock due to vendor supply delays, and

 Cash provided by (used for) accrued expenses was $(16.4) million and $36.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to payment of a legal settlement accrual of $18.25 million in 2022 associated with the agreement in principle to settle the Class Action Litigation and increased labor-related cost accruals associated with higher commissions and bonus expense in the prior-year period, among other items.

 Cash flows used in investing activities. We used cash in investing activities of $175.3 million, $57.4 million, and $37.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We invested in capital expenditures for property and equipment of $34.3 million, $45.0 million, and $27.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Capital expenditures in each period were primarily related to investment in property and equipment to support development and production of our products. Historically, we have incurred significant expenses in connection with facility construction, production automation, product development and the introduction of new products. We anticipate that we will spend approximately $50 to $60 million in 2024 for property and equipment.
 Cash outflows invested in acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $138.3 million and were primarily related to payments required by our asset purchase agreements with AngioDynamics ($100 million), Bluegrass ($32.7 million), and ART ($1.5 million), and our transaction with Solo Pace ($4.0 million). Cash outflows invested in acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $8.3 million and were primarily related to our $3.0 million upfront payment in our purchase of Restore Endosystems, our $2.5 million payment in our purchase of BioTrace Medical, Inc., and our additional equity investment in FluidX Medical Technology, Inc. ("Fluidx") of $1.4 million. Cash outflows invested in acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $7.2 million and were primarily related to $4.1 million for the settlement of deferred payments and the working capital adjustment associated with our acquisition of KA Medical, LLC ("KA Medical") completed in November 2020 and $2.7 million for an equity investment in Fluidx.
 Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities. Cash provided by (used in) financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $559.3 million, $(60.3) million, and $(98.4) million, respectively. In 2023 we issued convertible debt of $747.5 million, paid $66.5 million for the purchase of capped call options, and decreased our net borrowings under our Fourth Amended Credit Agreement by $99.1 million. In 2022 we decreased our net borrowings under our Third Amended Credit Agreement by $44.9 million and paid contingent consideration of $32.9 million, which is classified as a financing activity, principally related to our acquisitions of Cianna Medical Inc. ("Cianna Medical") and Vascular Insights LLC ("Vascular Insights"). In 2021 we decreased our net borrowings under our Third Amended Credit Agreement by $108.5 million and paid contingent consideration of $10.7 million, which is classified as a financing activity, principally related to our acquisition of Vascular Insights.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings of $846.6 million and issued letter of credit guarantees of $2.7 million, with additional available borrowings of approximately $626 million under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, based on the leverage ratio required pursuant to the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. Our interest rate as of December 31, 2023 was a fixed rate of 3.0% on our Convertible Notes, a fixed rate of 3.39% on $75 million as a result of an interest rate swap, and a variable floating rate of 7.21% on $24.1 million. Our interest rate as of December 31, 2022 was a fixed rate of 2.71% on $75 million as a result of an interest rate swap and a variable floating rate of 5.38% on $123.2 million. The foregoing fixed rates are exclusive of potential future changes in the applicable margin associated with our variable rate debt under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. See Note 8 and Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report for additional details regarding the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, Convertible Notes, and our interest rate swap.
 We currently believe that our existing cash balances, anticipated future cash flows from operations and borrowings under our long-term debt agreements will be adequate to fund our current and currently planned future operations for the next twelve months and the foreseeable future. In the event we pursue and complete significant transactions or acquisitions in the future, additional funds may be required to meet our strategic needs, which may require us to raise additional funds in the debt or equity markets.

 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report. While these significant accounting policies affect the reporting of our financial condition and results of operations, the SEC has requested that all registrants address their most critical accounting policies. The SEC has indicated that a "critical accounting policy" is one which is both important to the representation of the registrant's financial condition and results and requires management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. We base our estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results will differ and may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Additionally, changes in accounting estimates could occur in the future from period to period. The following paragraphs identify our most critical accounting policies:
 Inventory Obsolescence. Our management reviews inventory quantities on hand and records provisions for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory. Based on this review, we provide adjustments for any slow-moving finished good products or raw materials that we believe will expire prior to being sold or used to produce a finished good and any products that are unmarketable. This review of inventory quantities for unmarketable and/or slow moving products is based on forecasted product demand derived from our historical experience of product sales and production raw material usage. If market conditions become less favorable than those projected by our management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded obsolescence expense of approximately $11.5 million, $9.8 million, and $10.9 million, respectively, and wrote off approximately $11.9 million, $10.2 million, and $11.6 million, respectively. Based on this historical trend, we believe that our inventory balances as of December 31, 2023 have been accurately adjusted for any unmarketable and/or slow moving products that may expire prior to being sold.
 Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination to goodwill. We base the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on valuations that use information and assumptions that a market participant would use, including assumptions for estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows, discount rates, useful life, and other relevant assumptions.
 We test our goodwill balances for impairment annually as of July 1, or whenever impairment indicators arise. When impairment indicators are identified, we may elect to perform an optional qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units has fallen below their carrying value. During our annual impairment test performed as of July 1, we utilized four reporting units in evaluating goodwill for impairment using a quantitative assessment, which uses a combination of a guideline public company market-based approach and a discounted cash flow income-based approach. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value. This analysis requires significant judgment, including estimation of the amount, timing and duration of future cash flows, which is based on internal forecasts, and a determination of a discount rate based on our weighted average cost of capital. During our annual test of goodwill balances in 2023, which was completed during the third quarter of 2023, we determined that the fair value of each reporting unit with goodwill exceeded the carrying amount by a significant amount.
 We evaluate long-lived assets, including amortizing intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We perform the impairment analysis at the asset group for which the lowest level of identifiable cash flows is largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We first compare undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the asset group to determine if impairment exists, and then determine the fair value of our amortizing assets based on estimated future cash flows discounted back to their present value using a discount rate that reflects the risk profiles of the underlying activities. This analysis requires similar significant judgments as those discussed above regarding goodwill. In-process technology intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization until projects reach commercialization, are assessed for impairment at least annually and more frequently if events occur that would indicate a potential reduction in the fair value of the assets below their carrying value.

 During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we identified indicators of impairment associated with certain acquired intangible assets within the asset groups based on our qualitative assessment. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded total impairment charges associated with intangible assets in our cardiovascular segment of $1.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively. We did not have any impairments for the year ended December 31, 2023. These expenses are reflected within impairment charges in our consolidated statements of income. The primary factors driving impairment of certain intangible assets were planned closure and restructuring activities and uncertainty about future product development and commercialization associated with certain acquired technologies. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report for additional details regarding impairments of intangible assets.
 Contingent Consideration. Contingent consideration is an obligation by the buyer to transfer additional assets or equity interests to the former owner upon reaching certain performance targets. Certain of our business combinations involve the potential for the payment of future contingent consideration, generally based on a percentage of future product sales or upon attaining specified future revenue or other relevant milestones. In connection with a business combination, any contingent consideration is recorded at fair value on the acquisition date based upon the consideration expected to be transferred in the future. We base the fair value of contingent consideration obligations acquired in a business combination on valuations that use information and assumptions that a market participant would use, including assumptions for estimated revenue growth rates, discount rates, probabilities of achieving regulatory approval, performance, or revenue-based milestones and other relevant factors.
 We re-measure the estimated liability each quarter and record changes in the estimated fair value through operating expense in our consolidated statements of income. Significant increases or decreases in our estimates could result in changes to the estimated fair value of our contingent consideration liability, as well as the result of changes in the timing and amount of revenue estimates and changes in the discount rate or periods. Our revenue milestones for the acquisition of Brightwater Medical, Inc. includes payment thresholds. This and other similar contract features of our contingent consideration liabilities create sensitivity regarding the occurrence, timing, and amount of future payments.
 For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized contingent consideration expense of $1.7 million, $4.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, from changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent consideration obligations stemming from our previously disclosed business acquisitions. Changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities were primarily attributable to changes in anticipated sales growth in the acquired products and the anticipated timing of milestone payments. See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report for additional details regarding our contingent liabilities.

 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 Currency Exchange Rate Risk
 Our consolidated financial statements are denominated in, and our principal currency is, the U.S. Dollar. For the year ended December 31, 2023, a portion of our net sales ($423.4 million, representing 33.7% of our aggregate net sales), was attributable to sales that were denominated in foreign currencies. All other international sales were denominated in U.S. Dollars. Our principal market risk relates to changes in the value of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY) and Euro (EUR) relative to the U.S. Dollar (USD), with limited market risk relating to various other currencies. In general, a strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against CNY has a negative effect on our operating income. Our Euro-denominated expenses associated with our European operations (manufacturing sites, a distribution facility and sales representatives) provide a natural hedge for Euro-denominated revenues. Accordingly, a strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro will generally have a positive effect on our operating income.
 We forecast our net exposure related to sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had entered into foreign currency forward contracts, which qualified as cash flow hedges, with aggregate notional amounts of $141.1 million and $87.8 million, respectively. We also forecast our net exposure in various receivables and payables to fluctuations in the value of various currencies, and we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate that exposure. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had entered into foreign currency forward contracts, which were not designated as hedging instruments, related to those balance sheet accounts with aggregate notional amounts of $108.4 million and $92.4 million, respectively.
 A sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of all currency exchange rate derivative contracts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 indicates that, if the U.S. Dollar strengthened or weakened by 10% against all currencies, it would have the following impact on the fair value of these contracts (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 10% Strengthening

 $

 7,264

 $

 4,660

 10% Weakening

 $

 (7,264)

 $

 (4,660)

 Gains or losses on the fair value of derivative contracts would generally be offset by gains and losses on the underlying hedged transaction or net exposure. These offsetting gains and losses are not reflected above. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report for additional discussion of our foreign currency forward contracts.
 Interest Rate Risk
 As discussed in Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report, as of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings of $99.1 million under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. Accordingly, our earnings and after-tax cash flow are affected by changes in interest rates. On December 23, 2019, we entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap with Wells Fargo Bank, with a notional amount of $75 million. In June 2023, certain terms under the agreement were amended to reflect the transition from LIBOR to SOFR, an alternative reference rate. Under the interest rate swap agreement we fixed the one-month SOFR rate on that portion of our borrowings under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement at 1.64% for the period from June 1, 2023 to July 31, 2024. This interest rate swap is intended to reduce our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and was not entered into for speculative purposes. Excluding the amount that is subject to a fixed rate under the interest rate swap and assuming the current level of borrowings remained the same, it is estimated that our interest expense and income before income taxes would change by approximately $0.2 million annually for each one percentage point change in the average interest rate under these borrowings.

 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Merit Medical Systems, Inc.
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 Basis for Opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matters
 The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

 Inventories - Provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories – Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements
 Critical Audit Matter Description
 Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, at approximate costs determined on a first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. The Company reviews inventories on hand and records provisions based on estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories. The valuation of inventories includes an assessment of future product demand based on historical sales and raw material usage and product expiration.
 We identified the provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories as a critical audit matter because of management's significant judgment and estimates in determining the provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories primarily around forecasted product demand derived from historical experience of product sale and production raw material usage. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
 Our audit procedures related to management's estimates of the valuation of excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories included the following, among others:

 We tested the effectiveness of controls over the provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories.

 We evaluated management's ability to accurately estimate the provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories by comparing actual write-downs of inventories to management's historical estimates.

 We tested the calculation of the estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories, on a sample basis, including the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the calculation, such as future product demand based on historical sales and raw material usage and product expiration.

 We assessed the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the calculations of the provision for estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories by developing an independent expectation and comparing our independent expectation to the results of the Company's calculations.

 We tested the mathematical accuracy of the Company's calculations of excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories.

 Intangible Assets – Bluegrass and AngioDynamics Developed Technology – Refer to Note 3 to the financial statements
 Critical Audit Matter Description
 On May 4, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire specific assets related to catheter products from Bluegrass Vascular Technologies, Inc. ("Bluegrass"). The Company accounted for this acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangibles assets acquired based on their respective fair values, including developed technology intangible assets of $28 million.
 On June 8, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with AngioDynamics, Inc. ("AngioDynamics") to acquire the assets associated with a portfolio of catheter products. The Company accounted for this acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired based on their respective fair values, including developed technology intangible assets of $65.2 million.
 The determination of the fair value of the developed technology intangible assets required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to future cash flows and the discount rate.

 We identified the valuation of the acquired developed technology intangible assets from Bluegrass and AngioDynamics as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions management made to determine the fair value of these assets. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the involvement of our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management's forecasts of future cash flows and the discount rate.
 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
 Our audit procedures related to the estimates of future cash flows and discount rate for the acquired Bluegrass and AngioDynamics developed technology intangible assets included the following, among others:

 We tested the effectiveness of internal controls over the valuation of the developed technology intangible assets, including those over estimates of future cash flows and the selection of the discount rate.

 We assessed the reasonableness of management's estimated cash flows by inquiring of management regarding its processes for developing estimated financial information and comparing the estimates to historical results achieved by the acquired assets, historical results of the Company and other acquisitions completed in recent years, and comparable peer companies.

 We performed sensitivity analyses of the significant assumptions used in the developed technology valuation models to evaluate the change in fair value resulting from changes in the significant assumptions.

 With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we (1) evaluated the reasonableness of the valuation methodology; (2) evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate through comparing the data underlying the determination of the discount rate to independent sources and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management; and (3) tested the mathematical accuracy of the discounted cash flow calculation.

 We evaluated whether the estimated revenue growth rates and cash flows were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit, including a retrospective review of actual post-acquisition financial results.

 /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

 Salt Lake City, Utah

 February 28, 2024

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 1988.

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 ASSETS

 2023

 2022

 Current assets:

 Cash and cash equivalents

 $

 587,036

 $

 58,408

 Trade receivables — net of allowance for credit losses — 2023 — $ 9,023 and 2022 — $ 8,423

 177,885

 164,677

 Other receivables

 10,517

 12,992

 Inventories

 303,871

 265,991

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 24,286

 22,324

 Prepaid income taxes

 4,016

 3,913

 Income tax refund receivables

 Total current assets

 1,108,470

 529,084

 Property and equipment:

 Land and land improvements

 26,017

 25,940

 Buildings

 191,491

 189,148

 Manufacturing equipment

 316,930

 299,089

 Furniture and fixtures

 63,044

 61,128

 Leasehold improvements

 53,638

 49,673

 Construction-in-progress

 61,439

 61,269

 Total property and equipment

 712,559

 686,247

 Less accumulated depreciation

 ( 329,036)

 ( 303,271)

 Property and equipment — net

 383,523

 382,976

 Other assets:

 Intangible assets:

 Developed technology — net of accumulated amortization — 2023 — $ 321,488 and 2022 — $ 274,570

 283,999

 237,522

 Other — net of accumulated amortization — 2023 — $ 76,887 and 2022 — $ 69,780

 41,884

 38,350

 Goodwill

 382,240

 359,821

 Deferred income tax assets

 7,288

 6,599

 Right-of-use operating lease assets

 63,047

 65,262

 Other assets

 54,793

 44,352

 Total other assets

 833,251

 751,906

 Total assets

 $

 2,325,244

 $

 1,663,966

 (continued)

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 2023

 2022

 Current liabilities:

 Trade payables

 $

 65,944

 $

 68,504

 Accrued expenses

 120,447

 123,189

 Current portion of long-term debt

 —

 11,250

 Short-term operating lease liabilities

 12,087

 11,005

 Income taxes payable

 5,086

 6,697

 Total current liabilities

 203,564

 220,645

 Long-term debt

 823,013

 186,759

 Deferred income tax liabilities

 5,547

 18,462

 Long-term income taxes payable

 Liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits

 1,912

 1,912

 Deferred compensation payable

 17,167

 15,264

 Deferred credits

 1,605

 1,708

 Long-term operating lease liabilities

 56,259

 59,736

 Other long-term obligations

 13,830

 14,736

 Total liabilities

 1,123,244

 519,569

 Commitments and contingencies

 Stockholders' equity:

 Preferred stock — 5,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; no shares issued

 —

 —

 Common stock, no par value; 100,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 - 57,858 and December 31, 2022 - 57,306

 638,150

 675,174

 Retained earnings

 575,184

 480,773

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 ( 11,334)

 ( 11,550)

 Total stockholders' equity

 1,202,000

 1,144,397

 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

 $

 2,325,244

 $

 1,663,966

 (concluded)

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 (In thousands, except per share amounts)

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Net sales

 $

 $

 $

 673,494

 631,882

 589,418

 Gross profit

 583,872

 519,099

 485,333

 Operating expenses:

 Selling, general and administrative

 373,676

 342,525

 335,690

 Research and development

 82,728

 75,510

 71,247

 Legal settlement

 —

 —

 10,036

 Impairment charges

 2,219

 4,283

 Contingent consideration expense

 1,704

 4,611

 3,161

 Acquired in-process research and development

 1,550

 6,671

 —

 Total operating expenses

 459,928

 431,536

 424,417

 Income from operations

 123,944

 87,563

 60,916

 Other income (expense):

 Interest income

 2,456

 ( 15,511)

 ( 6,339)

 ( 5,261)

 Other income (expense) — net

 1,200

 ( 2,507)

 Total other expense — net

 ( 11,855)

 ( 4,934)

 ( 6,999)

 Income before income taxes

 112,089

 82,629

 53,917

 Income tax expense

 17,678

 8,113

 5,463

 $

 $

 $

 Earnings per common share

 Basic

 $

 1.64

 $

 1.31

 $

 0.86

 Diluted

 $

 1.62

 $

 1.29

 $

 0.84

 Weighted average shares outstanding

 Basic

 57,593

 56,806

 56,145

 Diluted

 58,356

 57,671

 57,359

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 $

 $

 Other comprehensive income:

 Cash flow hedges

 ( 3,570)

 9,007

 5,965

 Income tax benefit (expense)

 ( 2,177)

 ( 1,489)

 Foreign currency translation adjustment

 2,959

 ( 10,491)

 ( 7,704)

 Income tax benefit (expense)

 ( 39)

 Total other comprehensive income (loss)

 ( 3,559)

 ( 2,539)

 Total comprehensive income

 $

 94,627

 $

 70,957

 $

 45,915

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Common Stock

 Retained

 Accumulated Other

 Shares

 Earnings

 Comprehensive Loss

 Total

 BALANCE — January 1, 2021

 55,623

 $

 606,224

 $

 357,803

 $

 ( 5,452)

 $

 958,575

 Other comprehensive loss

 ( 2,539)

 ( 2,539)

 14,579

 14,579

 Options exercised

 20,374

 20,374

 Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 1,112

 1,112

 Shares issued from time-vested restricted stock units

 —

 —

 Shares surrendered in exchange for payment of payroll tax liabilities

 ( 10)

 ( 576)

 ( 576)

 Shares surrendered in exchange for exercise of stock options

 ( 3)

 ( 180)

 ( 180)

 BALANCE — December 31, 2021

 56,570

 641,533

 406,257

 ( 7,991)

 1,039,799

 Other comprehensive loss

 ( 3,559)

 ( 3,559)

 16,045

 16,045

 Options exercised

 20,092

 20,092

 Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 1,118

 1,118

 Shares issued from time-vested restricted stock units

 —

 —

 Shares surrendered in exchange for payment of payroll tax liabilities

 ( 38)

 ( 2,474)

 ( 2,474)

 Shares surrendered in exchange for exercise of stock options

 ( 18)

 ( 1,140)

 ( 1,140)

 BALANCE — December 31, 2022

 57,306

 675,174

 480,773

 ( 11,550)

 1,144,397

 Other comprehensive income

 19,043

 19,043

 Options exercised

 20,312

 20,312

 Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 1,081

 1,081

 Shares issued from time-vested restricted stock units

 —

 —

 Purchase of capped call option

 —

 ( 66,528)

 ( 66,528)

 Shares surrendered in exchange for payment of payroll tax liabilities

 ( 75)

 ( 5,123)

 ( 5,123)

 Shares surrendered in exchange for exercise of stock options

 ( 86)

 ( 5,809)

 ( 5,809)

 BALANCE — December 31, 2023

 57,858

 $

 638,150

 $

 575,184

 $

 ( 11,334)

 $

 1,202,000

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 2023

 2022

 2021

 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

 $

 $

 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization

 89,985

 81,804

 84,066

 (Gain) loss on disposition of business

 ( 431)

 1,417

 —

 Loss on sale or abandonment of property and equipment

 5,838

 1,303

 Write-off of certain intangible assets and other long-term assets

 2,281

 4,412

 Acquired in-process research and development

 1,550

 6,671

 —

 Amortization of right-of-use operating lease assets

 11,307

 10,394

 11,718

 Fair value adjustments related to contingent consideration liabilities

 1,704

 4,611

 3,161

 Amortization of deferred credits

 ( 104)

 ( 107)

 ( 108)

 Amortization and write-off of long-term debt issuance costs

 1,717

 Deferred income taxes

 ( 12,643)

 ( 14,924)

 ( 4,631)

 21,333

 18,042

 16,090

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:

 Trade receivables

 ( 11,916)

 ( 15,116)

 ( 8,618)

 Other receivables

 2,429

 4,154

 ( 10,418)

 Inventories

 ( 32,105)

 ( 47,929)

 ( 25,183)

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 1,281

 ( 1,798)

 ( 3,555)

 Prepaid income taxes

 ( 92)

 ( 379)

 Income tax refund receivables

 ( 58)

 1,952

 Other assets

 ( 5,976)

 ( 1,670)

 Trade payables

 ( 7,297)

 12,661

 6,050

 Accrued expenses

 ( 2,484)

 ( 16,379)

 36,462

 Income taxes payable

 ( 1,685)

 4,521

 ( 119)

 Liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits

 —

 ( 45)

 Deferred compensation payable

 1,903

 ( 2,848)

 1,303

 Operating lease liabilities

 ( 11,492)

 ( 11,127)

 ( 12,410)

 Other long-term obligations

 ( 2,530)

 ( 858)

 Total adjustments

 50,740

 39,775

 98,777

 Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by operating activities

 145,151

 114,291

 147,231

 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

 Capital expenditures for:

 Property and equipment

 ( 34,290)

 ( 45,029)

 ( 27,939)

 Intangible assets

 ( 2,411)

 ( 3,175)

 ( 2,834)

 Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

 1,037

 Proceeds (payments) from disposition of business

 ( 971)

 —

 Cash received for settlement of note receivable

 —

 —

 2,000

 Issuance of note receivable

 ( 1,000)

 —

 ( 2,254)

 Cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired

 ( 138,278)

 ( 8,287)

 ( 7,171)

 Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities

 $

 ( 175,347)

 $

 ( 57,397)

 $

 ( 37,161)

 (continued)

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 2023

 2022

 2021

 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 Proceeds from issuance of common stock

 $

 15,584

 $

 20,070

 $

 21,306

 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

 1,199,203

 215,205

 98,421

 Payments on long-term debt

 ( 579,624)

 ( 260,143)

 ( 206,921)

 Purchase of capped call option

 ( 66,528)

 —

 —

 Long-term debt issuance costs

 ( 677)

 —

 —

 Contingent payments related to acquisitions

 ( 3,569)

 ( 32,918)

 ( 10,665)

 Payment of taxes related to an exchange of common stock

 ( 5,123)

 ( 2,474)

 ( 576)

 Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 559,266

 ( 60,260)

 ( 98,435)

 Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

 ( 484)

 ( 3,826)

 ( 801)

 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 528,586

 ( 7,192)

 10,834

 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH:

 Beginning of period

 60,558

 67,750

 56,916

 End of period

 $

 589,144

 $

 60,558

 $

 67,750

 RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:

 Cash and cash equivalents

 587,036

 58,408

 67,750

 Restricted cash reported in prepaid expenses and other current assets

 2,108

 2,150

 —

 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 $

 589,144

 $

 60,558

 $

 67,750

 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

 Cash paid during the period for:

 Interest (net of capitalized interest of $ 1,272, $ 858 and $ 480, respectively)

 $

 14,051

 $

 6,258

 $

 5,261

 Income taxes

 31,534

 17,092

 8,828

 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 Property and equipment purchases in accounts payable

 $

 8,267

 $

 3,702

 $

 2,558

 Acquisition purchases in accrued expenses and other long-term obligations

 3,713

 3,526

 —

 Merit common stock surrendered ( 86, 18 and 3 shares, respectively) in exchange for exercise of stock options

 5,809

 1,140

 Right-of-use operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities

 8,891

 11,130

 1,524

 (concluded)

 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 Organization. Merit Medical Systems, Inc. ("Merit," "we," or "us") designs, develops, manufactures and markets single-use medical products for interventional and diagnostic procedures. For financial reporting purposes, we report our operations in two operating segments: cardiovascular and endoscopy. Our cardiovascular segment consists of cardiology and radiology medical device products which assist in diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and other non-vascular diseases and includes embolotherapeutic, cardiac rhythm management, electrophysiology, critical care, and interventional oncology and spine devices. Our endoscopy segment consists of gastroenterology and pulmonology devices which assist in the palliative treatment of expanding esophageal, tracheobronchial and biliary strictures caused by malignant tumors. Within those two operating segments, we offer products focused in five product categories: peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, custom procedural solutions, original equipment manufacturer (" OEM") and endoscopy.
 We manufacture our products in plants located in the U.S., Mexico, The Netherlands, Ireland, France, Brazil and Singapore. We export sales to dealers and have direct or modified direct sales forces in the U.S., Canada, Western Europe, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, Malaysia, South Korea, UAE, India, New Zealand and South Africa (see Note 13). Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). The following is a summary of the more significant of such policies.
 Use of Estimates in Preparing Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include our wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Amounts presented in this report are rounded, while percentages and earnings per share amounts presented are calculated from the underlying amounts.
 Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider interest-bearing deposits with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had restricted cash for the payment of certain import and other taxes for our subsidiary in China of $ 2.1 million and $ 2.1 million, respectively, which was reported within prepaid expenses and other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
 Receivables. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice value and are not interest-bearing. An allowance for credit losses on trade receivables is recorded based on our expectation of credit losses and is based upon our historical bad debt experience, current economic conditions, expectations of future economic conditions and management's evaluation of our ability to collect individual outstanding balances. Once collection efforts have been exhausted and a receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, such balance is charged against the allowance for credit losses.
 Inventories. We value our inventories at the lower of cost, at approximate costs determined on a first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. We review inventories on hand and record provisions based on estimated excess, slow moving and obsolete inventories, as well as inventories with a carrying value in excess of net realizable value. The regular and systematic review of the valuation of inventories includes an assessment of future product demand based on historical sales and raw material usage and product expiration.

 Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We test goodwill balances for impairment on an annual basis as of July 1 or whenever impairment indicators arise. When impairment indicators are identified, we may elect to perform an optional qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units has fallen below their carrying value. During our annual impairment test, we utilize four reporting units in evaluating goodwill for impairment using a quantitative assessment, which uses a combination of a guideline public company market-based approach and a discounted cash flow income-based approach. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value.
 Finite-lived intangible assets including developed technology, customer lists, distribution agreements, license agreements, trademarks and patents are subject to amortization. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis, except for customer lists, which are generally amortized on an accelerated basis. Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. We evaluate long-lived assets, including amortizing intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We perform the impairment analysis at the asset group for which the lowest level of identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We compare the carrying value of the asset group to the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset group and determine whether the carrying amount is recoverable. We determine the fair value of each asset group based on estimated future cash flows discounted back to their present value using a discount rate that reflects the risk profiles of the underlying activities.
 In-process technology intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization until projects reach commercialization, are assessed for impairment at least annually and more frequently if events occur that would indicate a potential reduction in the fair value of the assets below their carrying value. An impairment charge would be recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the in-process technology exceeded its fair value.
 Long-Lived Assets. We periodically review the carrying amount of our depreciable long-lived assets for impairment. An asset is considered impaired when undiscounted estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset. In the event the carrying amount of such asset is not considered recoverable, the asset is adjusted to its fair value. Fair value is generally determined based on discounted future cash flow.
 Property and Equipment. Property and equipment is stated at the historical cost of construction or purchase. Construction costs include interest costs capitalized during construction. Maintenance and repairs of property and equipment are charged to operations as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the base term of the lease or estimated life of the leasehold improvements. Construction-in-process consists of new buildings and various production equipment being constructed internally and externally. Assets in construction-in-process will commence depreciating once the asset has been placed in service. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:

 Buildings

 40 years

 Manufacturing equipment

 4 - 20 years

 Furniture and fixtures

 3 - 20 years

 Land improvements

 10 - 20 years

 Leasehold improvements

 4 - 25 years

 Depreciation expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 34.0 million, $ 33.4 million, and $ 34.5 million, respectively.
 Deferred Compensation. We have a deferred compensation plan that permits certain management employees to defer a portion of their salary until the future. We established a Rabbi trust to finance obligations under the plan with corporate-owned variable life insurance contracts. The cash surrender value totaled $ 18.3 million and $ 15.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. We have recorded a deferred compensation payable of $ 17.2 million and $ 15.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to reflect the liability to our employees under this plan.

 Other Assets. Other assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Investments in privately held companies

 $

 19,061

 $

 15,576

 Deferred compensation plan assets

 18,309

 15,767

 Long-term notes receivable, net

 3,241

 2,397

 Other

 14,182

 10,612

 Total

 $

 54,793

 $

 44,352

 We analyze our investments in privately held companies to determine if they should be accounted for using the equity method based on our ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investment. Our share of earnings associated with equity method investments is reported within other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of income. Investments not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if applicable, plus or minus changes in valuation resulting from observable transactions for identical or similar investments.
 Other Long-term Obligations. Other long-term obligations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Contingent consideration liabilities

 $

 3,039

 $

 2,260

 Other long-term obligations

 10,791

 12,476

 Total

 $

 13,830

 $

 14,736

 In connection with a business combination, any contingent consideration is recorded at fair value on the acquisition date based upon the consideration expected to be transferred in the future. We re-measure the estimated liability each quarter based upon changes in revenue estimates, changes in the probability of achieving relevant milestones and changes in the discount rate or expected period of payment. Changes in the estimated fair value are recorded through operating expense in our consolidated statements of income.

 Revenue Recognition. We sell our medical products through a direct sales force in the U.S. and through OEM relationships, custom procedure tray manufacturers and a combination of direct sales force and independent distributors in international markets. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods based on the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these goods. This core principle is achieved through the following steps:

 Identify the contract with the customer. A contract with a customer exists when (i) we enter into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party's rights regarding the goods to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and (iii) we determine that collection of substantially all consideration for services that are transferred is probable based on the customer's intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. We do not have significant costs to obtain contracts with customers. For commissions on product sales, we have elected the practical expedient to expense the costs as incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less.
 Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Generally, our contracts with customers do not include multiple performance obligations to be completed over a period of time. Our performance obligations generally relate to delivering single-use medical products to a customer, subject to the shipping terms of the contract. Limited warranties are provided, under which we typically accept returns and provide either replacement parts or refunds. We do not have significant returns. We do not typically offer extended warranty or service plans, except in limited cases which are not material.

 Determine the transaction price. Payment by the customer is due under customary fixed payment terms, and we evaluate if collectability is reasonably assured. Our contracts do not typically contain a financing component. Revenue is recorded at the net sales price, which includes estimates of variable consideration such as product returns, rebates, discounts, and other adjustments. The estimates of variable consideration are based on historical payment experience, historical and projected sales data, and current contract terms. Variable consideration is included in revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.
 Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. We typically do not have multiple performance obligations in our contracts with customers. As such, we generally recognize revenue upon transfer of the product to the customer's control at contractually stated pricing.
 Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation. We generally satisfy performance obligations at a point in time upon either shipment or delivery of goods, in accordance with the terms of each contract with the customer. We do not have significant service revenue. Contract assets are recognized for the future right to invoice customers, and contract liabilities are recognized for unearned revenue if payment is received prior to our fulfillment of performance obligations. We do not have material contract assets or contract liabilities.
 Reserves are recorded as a reduction in net sales and are not considered material to our consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. In addition, we invoice our customers for taxes assessed by governmental authorities, such as sales tax and value-added taxes. We present these taxes on a net basis.
 Shipping and Handling. When billed to our customers, shipping and handling charges are included in net sales for the applicable period, and the corresponding shipping and handling expense is reported in cost of sales.
 Cost of Sales. We include product costs (i.e., material, direct labor and overhead costs), shipping and handling expense, product royalty expense, developed technology amortization expense, production-related depreciation expense and product license agreement expense in cost of sales.
 Research and Development. Research and development costs, including new product development, clinical trials, and regulatory compliance, are expensed as incurred.
 Income Taxes. Under our accounting policies, we initially recognize a tax position in our financial statements when it becomes more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax positions that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authorities assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Although we believe our provisions for unrecognized tax positions are reasonable, we can make no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which we have reflected in our income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material impact on our income tax provisions and operating results in the periods in which we make such determination.
 Earnings per Common Share. Net income per common share is computed by both the basic method, which uses the weighted average number of our common shares outstanding, and the diluted method, which includes the potentially dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding. Performance stock units are considered contingently issuable awards and are excluded from the weighted average basic share calculation. These awards are included in the weighted average dilutive share calculation, to the extent they are dilutive, based on the number of shares, if any, that would be issuable as of the end of the reporting period assuming the end of the reporting period is also the end of the performance period. For Convertible Notes, the dilutive effect is calculated using the if-converted method.

 Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined in the following three categories:
 Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or inputs that are corroborated by market data.
 Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
 Stock-Based Compensation. We recognize the fair value compensation cost relating to stock-based payment transactions in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee's requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The fair value of our stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of our performance stock units linked to total shareholder return is estimated using Monte-Carlo simulations. Compensation expense is adjusted each period based on the grant-date fair value and the number of shares that are probable of being awarded based on the performance conditions of the awards. Restricted stock units are valued based on the closing stock price on the date of grant. Cash-settled share-based awards, or liability awards, are remeasured at fair value each reporting period until the awards are settled. Total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 21.3 million, $ 18.0 million, and $ 16.1 million, respectively (see Note 12).
 Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We provide credit, in the normal course of business, primarily to hospitals and independent third-party custom procedure tray manufacturers and distributors. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain allowances for potential credit losses. Due to the diversified nature and number of our customers, concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited.
 Foreign Currency. The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as the functional currency, with the exception of our manufacturing subsidiaries in Ireland and Mexico, which each use the U.S. Dollar as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars at year-end rates of exchange and results of operations are translated at average rates for the year. Gains and losses resulting from these translations are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Transactional exchange gains or losses are included in other income (expense) in determining net income for the period.
 Derivatives. We use forward contracts to mitigate our exposure to volatility in foreign exchange rates, and we use an interest rate swap to hedge changes in the benchmark interest rate related to our Fourth Amended Credit Agreement described in Note 8. All derivatives are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Classification of each hedging instrument is based upon whether the maturity of the instrument is less than or greater than 12 months. We do not purchase or hold derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes (see Note 9).
 Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards. In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions in accounting for modifications of contracts that reference the London interbank offered rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform. Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by what the guidance calls "reference rate reform" if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Also, entities can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which defers the sunset date of the guidance in ASC 848 to December 31, 2024. During 2023, we transitioned our interest rate swap agreement to reference the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") in connection with reference rate reform and adopted certain optional expedients provided in ASU 2020-04 in relation to contract modifications and hedge accounting that allowed us

 to continue hedge accounting for our interest rate swap cash flow hedge (see Note 9). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 Recently Issued Accounting Standards. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about reportable segment's profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The provisions of this update must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently assessing the anticipated impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which amends Income Taxes (Topic 740). The FASB issued this update to improve annual basis income tax disclosures related to (1) rate reconciliation, (2) income taxes paid, and (3) other disclosures related to pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. These amendments are to be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

 We currently believe there are no other issued and not yet effective accounting standards that are materially relevant to our financial statements.

 2. REVENUES
 Disaggregation of Revenue. Our revenue is disaggregated based on reporting segment, product category and geographical region. We design, develop, manufacture and market medical products for interventional and diagnostic procedures. For financial reporting purposes, we report our operations in two operating segments: cardiovascular and endoscopy. Our cardiovascular segment consists of four product categories: peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, custom procedural solutions, and OEM. Within these product categories, we sell a variety of products, including cardiology and radiology devices (which assist in diagnosing and treating coronary arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease and other non-vascular diseases), as well as embolotherapeutic, cardiac rhythm management, electrophysiology, critical care, breast cancer localization and guidance, biopsy, and interventional oncology and spine devices. Our endoscopy segment consists of gastroenterology and pulmonology devices which assist in the palliative treatment of expanding esophageal, tracheobronchial and biliary strictures caused by malignant tumors.
 The following table presents sales by operating segment disaggregated based on product category and geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands).

 Year Ended

 Year Ended

 Year Ended

 December 31, 2021

 International

 Total

 International

 Total

 International

 Total

 Peripheral Intervention

 $

 299,313

 $

 202,907

 $

 502,220

 $

 263,602

 $

 176,208

 $

 439,810

 $

 244,459

 $

 160,657

 $

 405,116

 Cardiac Intervention

 143,755

 214,696

 358,451

 128,711

 214,475

 343,186

 122,452

 198,189

 320,641

 Custom Procedural Solutions

 114,010

 81,323

 195,333

 108,778

 81,416

 190,194

 108,068

 85,874

 193,942

 OEM

 135,525

 29,031

 164,556

 118,869

 26,165

 145,034

 104,436

 19,092

 123,528

 Total

 692,603

 527,957

 1,220,560

 619,960

 498,264

 1,118,224

 579,415

 463,812

 1,043,227

 Endoscopy Devices

 34,386

 2,420

 36,806

 30,599

 2,158

 32,757

 29,463

 2,061

 31,524

 Total

 $

 726,989

 $

 530,377

 $

 $

 650,559

 $

 500,422

 $

 $

 608,878

 $

 465,873

 $

 3. ACQUISITIONS AND OTHER STRATEGIC TRANSACTIONS
 2023 Acquisitions
 On June 8, 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with AngioDynamics, Inc. ("AngioDynamics") to acquire the assets associated with a portfolio of dialysis catheter products and the BioSentry Biopsy Tract Sealant System for a purchase price of $ 100 million. We accounted for this transaction under the acquisition method of accounting as a business combination. The sales related to the acquisition have been included in our cardiovascular segment since the acquisition date and were approximately $ 14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. It is not practical to separately report earnings related to the acquisition, as we began to immediately integrate the acquisition into existing operations, sales distribution networks and management structure of our cardiovascular business segment. Acquisition-related costs associated with the AngioDynamics acquisition, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, were approximately $ 4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The purchase price was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 Assets Acquired

 Prepaid expenses

 $

 2,000

 Inventories

 5,254

 Property and equipment

 Intangible assets

 Developed technology

 65,200

 Trademarks

 4,000

 Customer list

 5,800

 Goodwill

 17,638

 Total net assets acquired

 $

 100,000

 We are amortizing the AngioDynamics developed technology intangible assets over ten years, the trademark intangible assets over 11 years, and the customer list intangible asset on an accelerated basis over ten years. We have estimated the weighted average life of the intangible assets acquired from AngioDynamics to be 10.5 years. The goodwill consists largely of the synergies expected from combining operations and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The pro forma effects on our consolidated results of operations of the AngioDynamics acquisition are not material in relation to reported sales and it was deemed impracticable to obtain information due to the unavailability of the information provided to the Company, management's inability to reasonably estimate the amounts from the carve out of assets and differing fiscal year-end of the acquired business.

 On May 4, 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire the assets associated with the Surfacer Inside-Out Access Catheter System from Bluegrass, for a purchase price of approximately $ 32.7 million. Prior to the acquisition, we held an equity investment of 1,251,878 Bluegrass common shares representing approximately 19.5 % ownership in Bluegrass. The fair value of this previously held equity investment of approximately $ 245,000 is included in the purchase price allocation. We accounted for this transaction under the acquisition method of accounting as a business combination. The sales and results of operations related to the acquisition have been included in our cardiovascular segment since the acquisition date and were not material. Acquisition-related costs associated with the Bluegrass acquisition, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, are not material. The purchase price was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 Assets Acquired

 Inventories

 $

 Intangible assets

 Developed technology

 28,000

 Trademarks

 Goodwill

 3,898

 Total net assets acquired

 $

 32,973

 We are amortizing the Bluegrass developed technology intangible asset over 15 years and the related trademarks over 13 years. We have estimated the weighted average life of the intangible assets acquired from Bluegrass to be 14.9 years. The goodwill consists largely of the synergies expected from combining operations and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The pro forma effects on our consolidated results of operations of the Bluegrass acquisition are not material.

 On May 1, 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets from ART, related to intellectual property rights for soft tissue markers. The total purchase price of the ART assets included an up-front payment of $ 750,000, a deferred payment of $ 750,000 payable upon the first to occur of (1) shipment and installation of two commercial production winders used to manufacture the product or (2) 30 days after delivery of the winders to Merit, and, a deferred payment of $ 500,000 payable upon regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Merit to commence commercialization, marketing and sale of the product in the United States. We have accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase and recorded $ 1.5 million of acquired in-process research and development expense associated with the upfront payment and completion of the milestone related to the installation of the commercial production winders. The final payment will be capitalized as a developed technology intangible asset when paid upon completion of the regulatory approval milestone under the terms of the asset purchase agreement. The payments are reported within operating expenses because the technological feasibility of the underlying research and development project has not yet been reached and such technology has no identified future alternative use as of the date of acquisition.

 We entered into a stock purchase agreement on January 11, 2023, and an exclusive distribution agreement on April 5, 2023, with Solo Pace Inc. ("Solo Pace"), owner and developer of a temporary external pulse generator and grounding pad with associated remote control module. Pursuant to these agreements, we paid $ 4.0 million to acquire (a) shares of Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock of Solo Pace, (b) an option to purchase the outstanding equity of Solo Pace within the earlier of five years after product commercialization or within 120 days after the twelve-month period wherein sales of the Solo Pace product exceed $ 6.0 million, and (c) exclusive rights to distribute the Solo Pace product upon commercialization. The shares of Solo Pace stock have been reflected within other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Our investment in Solo Pace represents an ownership of approximately 19 % of its outstanding capital stock and has been recorded as an equity investment accounted for at cost because the equity interest does not have a readily determinable fair value and because we are not able to exercise significant influence over the operations of Solo Pace.

 2022 Acquisitions

 On October 3, 2022, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with BioTrace Medical, Inc., developer of the Tempo Temporary Pacing Lead device, for a purchase price of $ 2.5 million. W e are also required to pay a total of six annual royalty payments between 5 % and 10 % of net sales, dependent on net sales goal achievement, u pon achievement of the first device sold in the United States. We accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase. We recorded the amount paid upon closing as a developed technology intangible asset, which we are amortizing over 10 years.

 On April 30, 2022, we acquired the Restore Endosystems Bifurcated Stent System pursuant to the terms of a unit purchase agreement we executed with all of the members of Restore Endosystems. Subject to the terms and conditions of the unit purchase agreement, we paid $ 3 million in cash at closing. We also accrued $ 3.5 million of other long-term obligations, which represents the fair value of two separate $ 2 million payments which are payable no later than two and four years following the closing of the acquisition, respectively, or earlier upon the achievement of specified milestones. We will impute interest on these liabilities with the passage of time. We have accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase and recorded $ 6.5 million of acquired in-process research and development expense because the technological feasibility of the underlying research and development project has not yet been reached and such technology has no identified future alternative use as of the date of acquisition.

 During April 2022, we paid $ 1.4 million to acquire shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Fluidx Medical Technology, Inc. ("Fluidx"), owner of certain technology proposed to be used in the development of embolic and adhesive agents for use in arterial, venous, vascular graft and cardiovascular applications inside and outside the heart and related appendages. We had previously purchased, and continue to hold, $ 4.7 million of participating preferred shares of Fluidx. Our investments have been recorded as equity investments accounted for at cost and reflected within Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because we are not able to exercise significant influence over the operations of Fluidx. Our total current investment in Fluidx represents an ownership of approximately 17 % of its outstanding capital stock at the date of this investment.

 2021 Acquisitions
 During September 2021, we paid $ 2.7 million to acquire Series A preferred shares of Fluidx. We had previously purchased $ 2 million of participating preferred shares during 2019. Our investment has been recorded as an equity investment accounted for at cost and reflected within other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because we are not able to exercise significant influence over the operations of Fluidx. Our total current investment in Fluidx represents an ownership of approximately 15.0 % of the outstanding stock at the date of this investment.

 4. INVENTORIES
 Inventories at December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Finished goods

 $

 158,893

 $

 147,051

 Work-in-process

 25,420

 29,534

 Raw materials

 119,558

 89,406

 Total inventories

 $

 303,871

 $

 265,991

 5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Goodwill balance at January 1

 $

 359,821

 $

 361,741

 Effect of foreign exchange

 ( 1,920)

 Additions and adjustments as the result of acquisitions

 21,536

 —

 Goodwill balance at December 31

 $

 382,240

 $

 359,821

 Total accumulated goodwill impairment losses aggregated to $ 8.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. We did no t have any goodwill impairments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The total goodwill balance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is related to our cardiovascular segment.

 Other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 Gross Carrying

 Accumulated

 Net Carrying

 Amortization

 Patents

 $

 28,877

 $

 ( 10,916)

 $

 17,961

 Distribution agreements

 3,250

 ( 2,919)

 License agreements

 11,142

 ( 8,327)

 2,815

 Trademarks

 35,135

 ( 20,804)

 14,331

 Customer lists

 40,367

 ( 33,921)

 6,446

 Total

 $

 118,771

 $

 ( 76,887)

 $

 41,884

 Gross Carrying

 Accumulated

 Net Carrying

 Amortization

 Patents

 $

 29,445

 $

 ( 10,203)

 $

 19,242

 Distribution agreements

 3,250

 ( 2,715)

 License agreements

 11,109

 ( 7,250)

 3,859

 Trademarks

 30,221

 ( 17,863)

 12,358

 Customer lists

 34,105

 ( 31,749)

 2,356

 Total

 $

 108,130

 $

 ( 69,780)

 $

 38,350

 Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 56.1 million, $ 48.4 million, and $ 49.6 million, respectively.
 Estimated amortization expense for the developed technology and other intangible assets for the next five years consists of the following as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

 Estimated Amortization Expense

 2024

 $

 62,244

 2025

 60,127

 2026

 49,037

 2027

 45,619

 2028

 44,230

 We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. D uring the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded no impairment charges related to our intangible assets. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded total impairment charges related to our intangible assets of $ 1.7 million for our divestiture on April 30, 2022 of the STD Pharmaceutical Products Limited ("STD Pharmaceutical") business acquired in our August 2019 acquisition of Fibrovein Holdings Limited, which pertained to our cardiovascular segment. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded total impairment charges related to our intangible assets of $ 1.6 million for the remaining carrying value of ArraVasc license agreements, which pertained to our cardiovascular segment. The primary indicators of impairment were restructuring activities and uncertainty about future product development and commercialization associated with certain acquired technologies.

 6. INCOME TAXES
 On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was signed into law. We currently do not anticipate the recently enacted law, including the corporate alternative minimum tax, one percent excise tax on stock repurchases, or tax incentives to promote clean energy, to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules, which generally provide for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%, are intended to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. On February 2, 2023, the OECD issued administrative guidance providing transition and safe harbor rules around the implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. Under a transitional safe harbor released July 17, 2023, the undertaxed profits rule top-up tax in the jurisdiction of a company's ultimate parent entity will be zero for each fiscal year of the transition period if that jurisdiction has a corporate tax rate of at least 20%. The safe harbor transition period will apply to fiscal years beginning on or before December 31, 2025 and ending before December 31, 2026. We are closely monitoring developments and evaluating the impact these new rules are anticipated to have on our tax rate, including eligibility to qualify for these safe harbor rules.
 For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, income before income taxes is broken out between U.S. and foreign-sourced operations consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Domestic

 $

 60,935

 $

 77,562

 $

 21,328

 Foreign

 51,154

 5,067

 32,589

 Total

 $

 112,089

 $

 82,629

 $

 53,917

 The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Current expense:

 Federal

 $

 15,684

 $

 9,584

 $

 State

 3,775

 3,162

 Foreign

 10,862

 10,291

 8,480

 Total current expense

 30,321

 23,037

 10,094

 Deferred expense (benefit):

 Federal

 ( 11,030)

 ( 10,438)

 ( 468)

 State

 ( 1,699)

 ( 3,615)

 ( 1,845)

 Foreign

 ( 871)

 ( 2,318)

 Total deferred benefit

 ( 12,643)

 ( 14,924)

 ( 4,631)

 Total income tax expense

 $

 17,678

 $

 8,113

 $

 5,463

 The difference between the income tax expense reported and amounts computed by applying the statutory federal rate of 21.0 % to pretax income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Computed federal income tax expense at applicable statutory rate of 21 %

 $

 23,539

 $

 17,352

 $

 11,323

 State income tax expense (benefit)

 1,627

 ( 283)

 Tax credits

 ( 2,412)

 ( 1,978)

 ( 2,507)

 Tax effect of international items

 ( 3,994)

 ( 10,698)

 ( 281)

 Uncertain tax positions

 ( 47)

 Deferred compensation insurance assets

 ( 548)

 ( 413)

 Stock-based compensation

 ( 3,001)

 ( 3,423)

 ( 5,571)

 Valuation allowance

 ( 90)

 3,523

 —

 Remeasurement of state deferred taxes

 ( 73)

 ( 375)

 ( 526)

 Non-deductible expenses

 2,101

 2,027

 2,455

 Remeasurement of contingent consideration liabilities

 1,061

 Other — including the effect of graduated rates

 ( 70)

 Total income tax expense

 $

 17,678

 $

 8,113

 $

 5,463

 Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following temporary differences and carry-forward items (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Deferred income tax assets:

 Allowance for credit losses on trade receivables

 $

 2,009

 $

 1,925

 Accrued compensation expense

 10,285

 9,968

 Inventory differences

 5,477

 5,712

 Net operating loss carryforwards

 10,007

 11,117

 7,913

 7,167

 Operating lease assets

 11,331

 12,801

 Federal R&D tax credit

 —

 State R&D tax credits

 5,237

 4,679

 IRC Section 174 capitalized R&D

 26,370

 15,012

 Other

 10,159

 8,827

 Total deferred income tax assets

 88,788

 77,842

 Deferred income tax liabilities:

 Prepaid expenses

 ( 1,123)

 ( 1,568)

 Property and equipment

 ( 23,539)

 ( 20,925)

 Intangible assets

 ( 34,613)

 ( 38,547)

 Foreign withholding tax

 ( 2,005)

 ( 1,571)

 Operating lease liabilities

 ( 10,129)

 ( 11,527)

 Other

 ( 1,898)

 ( 2,040)

 Total deferred income tax liabilities

 ( 73,307)

 ( 76,178)

 Valuation allowance

 ( 13,740)

 ( 13,527)

 Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)

 $

 1,741

 $

 ( 11,863)

 Reported as:

 Deferred income tax assets

 $

 7,288

 $

 6,599

 Deferred income tax liabilities

 ( 5,547)

 ( 18,462)

 Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)

 $

 1,741

 $

 ( 11,863)

 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted on the balance sheet by separate tax jurisdictions. Deferred income tax balances reflect the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. The valuation allowance is primarily related to state credit carryforwards, non-US net operating loss carryforwards, and capital loss carryforwards for which we believe it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance increased by $ 213,000 during the year ended December 31, 2023, increased by $ 2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, and increased by $ 573,000 during the year ended December 31, 2021.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had U.S federal net operating loss carryforwards of $ 24.7 million, which were generated by Cianna Medical, Vascular Access Technologies, Inc., DFINE Inc., and Biosphere Medical, Inc., prior to our acquisition of these companies. These net operating loss carryforwards are subject to annual limitations under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. If unused, $ 24.7 million of the net operating losses will expire between 2025 and 2037. We anticipate that we will utilize all current net operating loss carryforwards prior to their expiration dates over the next 12 years. We utilized a total of $ 5 million in U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards during the year ended December 31, 2023.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had $ 22.6 million of non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards, of which $ 20.6 million have no expiration date and $ 2 million expire at various dates through 2035. Non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards utilized during the year ended December 31, 2023 were not material.
 We do not consider our foreign earnings to be permanently reinvested. Consequently, we have recorded tax expense of $ 434,000, $ 320,000 and $ 288,000 for foreign withholding taxes on unremitted foreign earnings during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2022, a tax benefit of $ 4.3 million was recorded with respect to the restructuring of our foreign entities and the associated change in foreign withholding taxes on the unremitted foreign earnings.
 We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In our opinion, we have made adequate provisions for income taxes for all years subject to audit. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020. In foreign jurisdictions, we are no longer subject to income tax examinations for years before 2017.
 Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the final outcomes of these matters may be different from those which we have reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material effect on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which we make such determination.
 The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023, including interest and penalties, was $ 1.9 million, of which $ 1.9 million would favorably impact our effective tax rate if recognized. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022, including interest and penalties, was $ 1.9 million, of which $ 1.9 million would favorably impact our effective tax rate if recognized. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, none of the total liability was presented as a reduction to non-current deferred income tax assets on our consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had accrued $ 290,000 and $ 336,000 respectively, in total interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. We account for interest and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits as part of our income tax provision. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our liability for unrecognized tax benefit was increased (decreased) for interest and penalties by $( 46,000), $ 14,000, and $ 46,000, respectively. We estimate it is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits may increase, including expirations related to statutes of limitation, up to $ 7,000.

 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of liabilities associated with uncertain tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Unrecognized tax benefits, opening balance

 $

 1,576

 $

 1,635

 $

 1,674

 Gross increases (decreases) in tax positions taken in a prior year

 ( 10)

 Gross increases in tax positions taken in the current year

 Lapse of applicable statute of limitations

 ( 508)

 ( 343)

 ( 437)

 Unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance

 $

 1,622

 $

 1,576

 $

 1,635

 The tabular roll-forward ending balance does not include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.

 7. ACCRUED EXPENSES
 Accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Payroll and related liabilities

 $

 66,929

 $

 58,620

 Current portion of contingent liabilities

 15,813

 Advances from employees

 Accrued rebates payable

 11,005

 10,925

 Accrued legal settlement

 —

 1,000

 Other accrued expenses

 41,820

 36,666

 Total

 $

 120,447

 $

 123,189

 8. DEBT
 Principal balances outstanding under our long-term debt obligations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Term loans

 $

 99,063

 $

 124,688

 Revolving credit loans

 —

 73,500

 Convertible notes

 747,500

 —

 Less unamortized debt issuance costs

 ( 23,550)

 ( 179)

 Total long-term debt

 823,013

 198,009

 Less current portion

 —

 11,250

 Long-term portion

 $

 823,013

 $

 186,759

 Future minimum principal payments on our long-term debt as of December 31, 2023, are as follows (in thousands):

 Years Ending

 Future Minimum

 Principal Payments

 2024

 $

 —

 2025

 —

 2026

 —

 2027

 —

 2028

 99,063

 Thereafter

 747,500

 Total future minimum principal payments

 $

 846,563

 Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

 On June 6, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Fourth Amended Credit Agreement"). The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement is a syndicated loan agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and other parties. The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement amended and restated in its entirety our previously outstanding Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and all amendments thereto. The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement provides for a term loan of $ 150 million and a revolving credit commitment of up to an aggregate amount of $ 700 million, inclusive of sub-facilities for multicurrency borrowings, standby letters of credit and swingline loans. On June 6, 2028, all principal, interest and other amounts outstanding under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement are payable in full. At any time prior to the maturity date, we may repay any amounts owing under all term loans and revolving credit loans in whole or in part, without premium or penalty.

 On December 5, 2023, we executed an amendment to the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement (the "Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended") to facilitate the issuance of our Convertible Notes described below. Among other things, the amendment also updated the definition of the Applicable Margin used in determining the interest rates and amended the financial covenants, all as described below.

 Term loans made under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended bear interest, at our election, at either (i) the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement) or, (ii) Adjusted Term SOFR plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended). Revolving credit loans bear interest, at our election, at either (a) the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin, (b) Adjusted Term SOFR plus the Applicable Margin, (c) Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended), or (d) Adjusted Daily Simple SONIA plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended). Swingline loans bear interest at the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin. Interest on each loan featuring the Base Rate and each Daily Simple SONIA Loan is due and payable on the last business day of each calendar month; interest on each loan featuring the Eurocurrency Rate and each Term SOFR Loan is due and payable on the last day of each interest period applicable thereto, and if such interest period extends over three months, at the end of each three-month interval during such interest period.

 The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended is collateralized by substantially all of our assets. The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants, representations and warranties, events of default and other terms customary for loans of this nature. In particular, the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement requires that we maintain certain financial covenants, as follows:

 Covenant Requirement

 Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (1)

 5.0 to 1.0

 Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (2)

 3.0 to 1.0

 Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (3)

 3.0 to 1.0

 (1)
 Maximum Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended) as of any fiscal quarter end.

 (2)
 Maximum Consolidated Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended) as of any fiscal quarter end.

 (3)
 Minimum ratio of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement and adjusted for certain expenditures) to Consolidated Interest Expense (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended) for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters.

 As of December 31, 2023, we believe we were in compliance with all covenants set forth in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended.

 As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings of $ 99.1 million and issued letter of credit guarantees of $ 2.7 million under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended, with additional available borrowings of approximately $ 626 million, based on the leverage ratio required pursuant to the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, as amended. Our interest rate as of December 31, 2023 was a fixed rate of 3.39 % with respect to $ 75 million of the principal amount, as a result of an interest rate swap (see Note 9) and a variable floating rate of 7.21 % on $ 24.1 million. Our interest rate as of December 31, 2022 was a fixed rate of 2.71 % on $ 75 million as a result of an interest rate swap and a variable floating rate of 5.38 % on $ 123.2 million. The foregoing fixed rates are exclusive of potential future changes in the applicable margin.
 Convertible Notes
 In December 2023, we issued Convertible Notes which bear interest at 3.00 % per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2024. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations (as defined in the Note Indenture) of the Company and will mature on February 1, 2029, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The net proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes were approximately $ 724.8 million after deducting offering and issuance costs and before the costs of the Capped Call transaction, as described below.
 The initial conversion rate of the notes will be 11.5171 shares of common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of notes equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 86.83 per share of common stock, subject to adjustments as provided in the Indenture upon the occurrence of certain specified events. In addition, Holders of the Convertible Notes ("Holders") will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or a part of their notes upon the occurrence of a "fundamental change" (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes) in cash at a fundamental change repurchase price of 100 % of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

 Conversion can occur at the option of the Holders at any time on or after October 1, 2028. Prior to October 1, 2028, Holders may only elect to convert the Convertible Notes under the following circumstances: (1) During the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period in which, for each day of that period, the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for such trading day was less than 98 % of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the applicable conversion rate on such trading day; (2) The Company issues to common stockholders any rights, options, or warrants, entitling them, for a period of not more than 60 days, to purchase shares of common stock at a price per share less than the average closing sale price of 10 consecutive trading days, or the Company's election to make a distribution to common stockholders exceeding 10 % of the previous day's closing sale price; (3) Upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, as set forth in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes; (4) During any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) beginning after March 31, 2024, if, the last reported sale price per share of the Company's common stock exceeds 130 % of the applicable conversion price on each applicable trading day for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in the period of the 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; or (5) Prior to the related redemption date if the Company calls any Convertible Notes for redemption. As of December 31, 2023, none of the conditions permitting the holders of the Convertible Notes to convert their notes early had been met, therefore, they are classified as long-term.

 On or after February 7, 2027, we may redeem for cash all or part of the Convertible Notes, at our option, if the last reported sales price of common stock has been at least 130 % of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related notice of the redemption.

 Upon conversion, the Company will (1) pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be converted and (2) pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at the Company's election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of its conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted.

 Capped Call Transaction

 In December 2023, in connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, Merit entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions ("Capped Call Transactions") with certain of the initial purchasers and/or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Capped Call Transactions cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of Merit's common stock initially underlying the Convertible Notes and are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to Merit's common stock upon any conversion of Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments Merit is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap, based on a cap price initially equal to approximately $ 114.68 per share of Merit's common stock, subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was approximately $ 66.5 million. The Capped Call Transactions do not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The premiums paid for the Capped Call Transactions have been included as a net reduction to common stock within stockholders' equity.

 9. DERIVATIVES
 General. Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, and we seek to mitigate a portion of these risks by entering into derivative contracts. The derivatives we use are interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts. We recognize derivatives as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, regardless of whether or not hedge accounting is applied. We report cash flows arising from our hedging instruments consistent with the classification of cash flows from the underlying hedged items. Accordingly, cash flows associated with our derivative programs are classified as operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.
 We formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting initially and on an ongoing basis. For qualifying hedges, the change in fair value is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), a component of stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and recognized in earnings at the same time the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in earnings throughout the term of the derivative.
 Interest Rate Risk. Our debt under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement bears interest at variable interest rates and, therefore, we are subject to variability in the cash paid for interest expense. In order to mitigate a portion of this risk, we use a hedging strategy to reduce the variability of cash flows in the interest payments associated with a portion of the variable-rate debt outstanding under our Fourth Amended Credit Agreement that is solely due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.
 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 On August 5, 2016, we entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap with a current notional amount of $ 175 million with Wells Fargo Bank to fix the one-month LIBOR rate at 1.12 %. The variable portion of the interest rate swap was tied to the one-month LIBOR rate (the benchmark interest rate). The interest rate swap expired on July 6, 2021.
 On December 23, 2019, we entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap with a notional amount of $ 75 million with Wells Fargo. In June 2023, certain terms under the agreement were amended to reflect the transition from LIBOR to SOFR, an alternative reference rate. Under the interest rate swap agreement we fixed the one-month SOFR rate on that portion of our borrowings under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement at 1.64 % for the period from June 1, 2023 to July 31, 2024. The variable portion of the interest rate swap is tied to the one-month SOFR rate (the benchmark interest rate). On a monthly basis, the interest rates under both the interest rate swap and the underlying debt reset, the swap is settled with the counterparty, and interest is paid.

 At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our interest rate swaps qualified as cash flow hedges. The fair value of our interest rate swap at December 31, 2023 was an asset of $ 1.5 million, partially offset by $ 0.4 million in deferred taxes. The fair value of our interest rate swaps at December 31, 2022 was an asset of $ 3.4 million, partially offset by $ 0.8 million in deferred taxes.
 Foreign Currency Risk. We operate on a global basis and are exposed to the risk that our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To reduce the potential effects of foreign currency exchange rate movements on net earnings, we enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency exchange forward contracts with major financial institutions. Our policy is to enter into foreign currency derivative contracts with maturities of up to two years. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk with respect to transactions and balances denominated in various currencies, with our most significant exposure related to transactions and balances denominated in Chinese Renminbi and Euros, among others. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We do not believe we are subject to any credit risk contingent features related to our derivative contracts, and we seek to manage counterparty risk by allocating derivative contracts among several major financial institutions.
 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is temporarily reported as a component of other comprehensive income and then reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. We entered into forward contracts on various foreign currencies to manage the risk associated with forecasted exchange rates which impact revenues, cost of sales, and operating expenses in various international markets. The objective of the hedges is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the forecasted purchase or sale of foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had entered into foreign currency forward contracts, which qualified as cash flow hedges, with aggregate notional amounts of $ 141.1 million and $ 87.8 million, respectively.
 Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 We forecast our net exposure in various receivables and payables to fluctuations in the value of various currencies, and we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate that exposure. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had entered into foreign currency forward contracts related to those balance sheet accounts with aggregate notional amounts of $ 108.4 million and $ 92.4 million, respectively.
 Balance Sheet Presentation of Derivatives. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, all derivatives, both those designated as hedging instruments and those that were not designated as hedging instruments, were recorded gross at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. We are not subject to any master netting agreements. The fair value of derivative instruments on a gross basis is as follows (in thousands):

 Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedging Instruments

 Balance Sheet Location

 Assets

 Interest rate swap

 Prepaid expenses and other assets

 $

 1,503

 $

 —

 Interest rate swap

 Other assets (long-term)

 —

 3,444

 Prepaid expenses and other assets

 2,061

 3,215

 Other assets (long-term)

 (Liabilities)

 Accrued expenses

 ( 1,898)

 ( 1,509)

 Other long-term obligations

 ( 499)

 ( 531)

 Fair Value of Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

 Balance Sheet Location

 Assets

 Prepaid expenses and other assets

 $

 $

 1,512

 (Liabilities)

 Accrued expenses

 ( 1,463)

 ( 1,946)

 Income Statement Presentation of Derivatives
 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges had the following effects, before income taxes, on other comprehensive income ("OCI") in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

 Amount of Gain/(Loss)

 Recognized in OCI

 Year Ended December 31,

 Derivative instrument

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Interest rate swaps

 $

 $

 4,879

 $

 1,402

 3,909

 6,263

 ( 1,521)

 Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges had the following effects, before income taxes, on AOCI and net earnings in our consolidated statements of income, consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

 Consolidated Statements

 Amount of Gain/(Loss)

 of Income

 reclassified from AOCI

 Year Ended December 31,

 Year ended December 31,

 Location in statements of income

 2023

 2022

 2021

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 ( 15,511)

 $

 ( 6,339)

 $

 ( 5,261)

 $

 2,550

 $

 ( 12)

 $

 ( 1,509)

 Revenue

 4,081

 3,583

 ( 5,592)

 ( 673,494)

 ( 631,882)

 ( 589,418)

 1,457

 ( 1,436)

 1,017

 As of December 31, 2023, $ 0.9 million or $ 0.7 million after taxes, was expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings in revenue and cost of sales over the succeeding twelve months. As of December 31, 2023, $ 1.5 million, or $ 1.1 million after taxes, was expected to be reclassified from AOCI to earnings in interest expense over the succeeding twelve months.

 Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
 The following gains/(losses) from these derivative instruments were recognized in our consolidated statements of income for the years presented (in thousands):

 Year ended December 31,

 Derivative Instrument

 Location in statements of income

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Other income (expense) — net

 $

 2,004

 $

 1,420

 $

 ( 1,598)

 See Note 15 for additional information about our derivatives.

 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 We are obligated under non-terminable operating leases for manufacturing facilities, finished good distribution centers, office space, equipment, vehicles, and land. See Note 17 for disclosures regarding these operating leases.
 Royalties. As of December 31, 2023, we had entered into a number of agreements to license or acquire rights to certain intellectual property which require us to make royalty payments during the term of the agreements generally based on a percentage of sales. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, total royalty expense approximated $ 8.6 million, $ 7.3 million and $ 7.6 million, respectively, and is recorded in cost of sales on the consolidated statements of income. Minimum contractual commitments under royalty agreements to be paid within twelve months of December 31, 2023 were not significant. See Note 15 for discussion of future royalty commitments related to acquisitions.
 Litigation. In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various claims and litigation matters. T hese proceedings, actions and claims may involve product liability, intellectual property, contract disputes, employment, governmental inquiries or other matters, including those more fully described below. The outcomes of these matters will generally not be known for prolonged periods of time. In certain proceedings, the claimants may seek damages as well as other compensatory and equitable relief that could result in the payment of significant claims and settlements and/or the imposition of injunctions or other equitable relief. For legal matters for which our management had sufficient information to reasonably estimate our future obligations, a liability representing management's best estimate of the probable loss, or the minimum of the range of probable losses when a best estimate within the range is not known, is recorded. The estimates are based on consultation with legal counsel, previous settlement experience and settlement strategies. If actual outcomes are less favorable than those estimated by management, additional expense may be incurred, which could unfavorably affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The ultimate cost to us with respect to actions and claims could be materially different than the amount of the current estimates and accruals and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 Shareholder Derivative Action

 On June 3, 2021, Steffen Maute filed a complaint, derivatively on behalf of Merit, against Merit (as a nominal defendant), our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our former President of EMEA and certain of our directors in the United States District Court for the District of Utah (Case No. 2:21-cv-00346-DBP). The derivative complaint alleged that the individual defendants violated their fiduciary duties owed to Merit and were unjustly enriched at the expense of and to the detriment of Merit between February 2019 and October 2019, and sought unspecified damages, costs, and professional fees. Following mediation, the parties negotiated an agreement to settle the dispute, which, among other provisions, provides for the release of all claims against Merit and the other defendants in exchange for Merit's undertaking to implement certain corporate governance revisions and pay attorneys fees and expenses in the amount of $ 1.0 million. On February 16, 2023, the court held a hearing and announced approval of the settlement, which has the effect of resolving all claims arising from the litigation. The expense associated with the settlement has been reflected in our financial results reported for the year ended December 31, 2022.

 SEC Inquiry

 We have received requests from the Division of Enforcement of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") seeking the voluntary production of information relating to the business activities of Merit's subsidiary in China, including interactions with hospitals and health care officials in China. We are cooperating with the requests and investigating the matter and, at this time, are unable to predict the scope, timing, significance or outcome of this matter.

 It is possible that the ultimate resolution of the foregoing matter, or similar matters, if resolved in a manner unfavorable to us, may be materially adverse to our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Legal costs for these matters, such as outside counsel fees and expenses, are charged to expense in the period incurred.

 11. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (EPS)
 The computation of weighted average shares outstanding and the basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 $

 $

 Average common shares outstanding

 57,593

 56,806

 56,145

 Basic EPS

 $

 1.64

 $

 1.31

 $

 0.86

 Average common shares outstanding

 57,593

 56,806

 56,145

 Effect of dilutive stock awards

 1,214

 Total potential shares outstanding

 58,356

 57,671

 57,359

 Diluted EPS

 $

 1.62

 $

 1.29

 $

 0.84

 Equity awards excluded as the impact was anti-dilutive (1)

 1,143

 1,438

 _______________________________________________
 (1)
 Does not reflect the impact of incremental repurchases under the treasury stock method.

 Convertible Notes

 For our Convertible Notes issued in December 2023, the dilutive effect is calculated using the if-converted method. Upon surrender of the Convertible Notes for conversion, Merit will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of Merit's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Merit's common stock, at Merit's election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of Merit's conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted. Under the if-converted method, we include the number of shares required to satisfy the remaining conversion obligation, assuming all the Convertible Notes were converted. The average closing prices of our common stock for the year ended December 31, 2023 were used as the basis for determining the dilutive effect on EPS. The average closing prices for our common stock did not exceed the conversion price of $ 86.83, and therefore all associated shares were anti-dilutive.

 12. EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN, STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
 Our stock-based compensation primarily consists of the following plans:
 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan. In June 2018, our Board of Directors adopted and our shareholders approved, the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which was subsequently amended effective December 14, 2018 (the "2018 Incentive Plan") to supplement the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2006 Long-Term Incentive plan (the "2006 Incentive Plan"). The 2018 Incentive Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units (including restricted stock units) and performance awards (including performance stock units). Options

 may be granted to directors, officers, outside consultants and key employees and may be granted upon such terms and such conditions as the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors determines. Options typically vest on an annual basis over a three to five-year life with a contractual life of seven years. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 1,709,391 shares remained available to be issued under the 2018 Incentive Plan.
 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan. In May 2006, our Board of Directors adopted, and our shareholders approved, the 2006 Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2023, the 2006 Incentive Plan was no longer being used for new equity award grants. However, as of December 31, 2023, options granted under this plan were still outstanding, vesting, and being exercised and will continue to be outstanding until the vesting periods end and the terms of the equity awards expire.
 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. We have a non-qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), which has an expiration date of June 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, the total number of shares of common stock that remained available to be issued under our non-qualified plan was 87,673 shares. ESPP participants purchase shares on a quarterly basis at a price equal to 95 % of the market price of the common stock at the end of the applicable offering period.
 Stock-Based Compensation Expense. The stock-based compensation expense before income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Nonqualified stock options

 $

 1,647

 $

 1,606

 $

 1,476

 Research and development

 Nonqualified stock options

 1,739

 1,789

 1,343

 Selling, general and administrative

 Nonqualified stock options

 7,542

 7,305

 6,678

 Performance-based restricted stock units

 6,344

 3,509

 3,525

 Restricted stock units

 1,771

 1,836

 1,557

 Cash-settled performance-based share-based awards ("Liability Awards")

 2,290

 1,997

 1,511

 Total selling, general and administrative

 17,947

 14,647

 13,271

 Stock-based compensation expense before taxes

 $

 21,333

 $

 18,042

 $

 16,090

 We recognize stock-based compensation expense (net of a forfeiture rate) for those awards which are expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience and expectations about future forfeitures.
 Nonqualified Stock Options
 As of December 31, 2023, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, net of expected forfeitures, was $ 20.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
 In applying the Black-Scholes methodology to the option grants, the fair value of our stock-based awards granted was estimated using the following assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Risk-free interest rate

 3.6 % - 4.8 %

 1.4 % - 4.3 %

 0.5 % - 1.1 %

 Expected option term

 4.0 years

 4.0 years

 4.0 years

 Expected dividend yield

 —

 —

 —

 Expected price volatility

 39.6 % - 47.1 %

 46.2 % - 47.5 %

 46.1 % - 46.7 %

 The average risk-free interest rate is determined using the U.S. Treasury rate in effect as of the date of grant, based on the expected term of the stock option. We determine the expected term of the stock options using the historical exercise behavior of employees. The expected price volatility was determined based upon the historical volatility for our stock. We recognize compensation expense for options on a straight-line basis over the service period, which corresponds to the vesting period. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, approximately 444,000, 251,000 and 716,000 nonqualified stock option grants were made, respectively, for a total fair value of $ 13.1 million, $ 6.3 million and $ 17.5 million.
 The table below presents information related to stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised

 $

 23,300

 $

 27,110

 $

 36,086

 Cash received from stock option exercises

 14,503

 18,952

 20,194

 Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

 3,001

 3,423

 5,571

 Changes in stock options for the year ended December 31, 2023, consisted of the following (shares and intrinsic value in thousands):

 Number

 Weighted Average

 Remaining Contractual

 Intrinsic

 of Shares

 Exercise Price

 Term (in years)

 Value

 Beginning balance

 3,077

 $

 49.62

 Granted

 72.36

 Exercised

 ( 606)

 33.48

 Forfeited/expired

 ( 47)

 60.08

 Outstanding at December 31

 2,868

 56.39

 3.44

 $

 56,333

 Exercisable

 1,714

 50.73

 2.40

 43,234

 Ending vested and expected to vest

 2,868

 56.39

 3.44

 56,333

 The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 29.58, $ 24.98 and $ 24.38, respectively.
 Stock-Settled Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units ("PSUs") and Time-Vested Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")

 Since 2020, we have granted PSUs which vest at the end of one, two and three-year performance periods, or one year after the agreement date, whichever is later. T he number of shares delivered upon vesting at the end of the performance periods are based upon performance against specified financial performance metrics and relative total shareholder return as compared to the Russell 2000 Index ("rTSR"), as defined in the award agreements. PSUs convey no shareholder rights unless and until shares are issued in settlement of the award.

 We use Monte-Carlo simulations to estimate the grant-date fair value of the PSUs linked to total shareholder return. Compensation expense is recognized using the grant-date fair value for the number of shares that are probable of being awarded based on the performance conditions. Each reporting period, this probability assessment is updated, and cumulative catchups are recorded based on the performance metrics that are expected to be achieved. At the end of the performance period, cumulative expense is calculated based on the actual financial performance metrics attained.

 We have granted RSUs to our non-employee directors, which are subject to continued service through the vesting date, which is one year from the date of grant. The expense recognized for RSUs is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant, which is recognized over the vesting period.

 Changes in PSUs and RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:

 PSUs

 RSUs

 Weighted Average

 Weighted Average

 Stock Units

 Grant Date

 Stock Units

 Grant Date

 (In Thousands)

 (1)

 Fair Value

 (In Thousands)

 Fair Value

 Beginning nonvested balance

 $

 63.90

 $

 59.02

 Granted

 72.26

 83.99

 rTSR adjustment

 (2)

 70.58

 —

 —

 Vested

 ( 61)

 70.58

 ( 31)

 59.02

 Forfeited

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Nonvested balance at December 31

 71.15

 83.99

 (1)
 Based on the maximum payout, excluding the impact of the rTSR multiplier. The actual number of shares which vest is determined based on the satisfaction of performance conditions and the application of an rTSR multiplier between 75 % and 125 %.

 (2)
 Represents the application of an rTSR multiplier of 125 % to certain awards vested in 2023 based on the performance of our common stock and the terms of the awards.

 The following table summarizes PSUs and RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (units and shares in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 PSUs

 Target units granted

 Maximum units granted (1)

 Maximum potential shares (1)(2)

 Weighted average grant date fair value

 $

 72.26

 $

 64.54

 $

 61.39

 RSUs

 Units granted

 Weighted average grant date fair value

 $

 83.99

 $

 59.02

 $

 61.77

 (1)
 Based on the maximum payout, excluding the impact of the rTSR multiplier.

 (2)
 Includes the impact of the maximum potential rTSR multiplier of 125 %.

 During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were approximately 61,000, 44,000 and 26,000 shares, respectively, that vested under PSUs, prior to the reduction of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations. Vested shares were calculated based upon achievement of the financial performance multipliers and market conditions related to the rTSR multiplier. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were approximately 31,000, 26,000 and 34,000 shares, respectively, that vested under RSUs.

 The fair value of each PSU was estimated as of the grant date using the following assumptions for awards granted in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Risk-free interest rate

 3.9 % - 4.6 %

 1.6 % - 2.7 %

 0.1 % - 0.3 %

 Performance period

 2.8 years

 2.6 - 2.8 years

 1.8 - 2.8 years

 Expected dividend yield

 —

 —

 —

 Expected price volatility

 31.4 % - 32.6 %

 38.5 % - 46.2 %

 43.7 % - 49.3 %

 The risk-free interest rate of return was determined using the U.S. Treasury rate at the time of grant with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the award. The expected volatility was based on a weighted average volatility of our stock price and the average volatility of our compensation peer group's volatilities. The expected dividend yield was assumed to be zero because, at the time of the grant, we had no plans to declare a dividend.

 As of December 31, 2023, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-settled performance stock units and restricted stock units, net of expected forfeitures, was $ 10.5 million and $ 0.6 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years and 0.4 years, respectively.
 Cash-Settled Performance-Based Share-Based Awards ("Liability Awards")
 During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we granted liability awards to our Chief Executive Officer with total target cash incentives in the amount of $ 1.3 million, $ 1.0 million, and $ 1.0 million, respectively. These awards entitle him to a target cash payment based upon our relative shareholder return as compared to the rTSR and achievement of specified performance metrics, as defined in the award agreements.
 During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we granted additional performance stock units to certain employees that provide for settlement in cash upon our achievement of specified financial metrics. The cash payable upon vesting at the end of the service period is based upon performance against specified financial performance metrics and relative total shareholder return as compared to the rTSR, as defined in the award agreements. Compensation expense is recognized for the cash payment probable of being awarded based on the performance metrics.
 The potential maximum payout of these liability awards is 250 % of the target cash incentive, resulting in a total potential maximum payout of $ 4.3 million, $ 2.5 million and $ 2.5 million for liability awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Settlement generally occurs at the end of one, two and three-year performance periods based upon the same performance metrics and vesting period as our performance stock units.
 These awards are classified as liabilities and reported in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of these awards is remeasured at each reporting period until the awards are settled. As of December 31, 2023, our recorded liabilities associated with these awards was $ 3.4 million, and we had remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to cash-settled performance-based share-based awards of $ 3.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we paid $ 1.7 million, $ 833,000 and $ 417,000, respectively, in connection with liability awards, and no awards were forfeited.

 13. SEGMENT REPORTING AND FOREIGN OPERATIONS
 We report our operations in two operating segments: cardiovascular and endoscopy. Our cardiovascular segment consists of four product categories: peripheral intervention, cardiac intervention, custom procedural solutions, and OEM. Within these product categories, we sell a variety of products, including cardiology and radiology devices (which assist in diagnosing and treating coronary arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease and other non-vascular diseases), as well as embolotherapeutic, cardiac rhythm management, electrophysiology, critical care, breast cancer localization and guidance, biopsy, and interventional oncology and spine devices. Our endoscopy segment consists of gastroenterology and pulmonology devices which assist in the palliative treatment of expanding esophageal, tracheobronchial and biliary strictures caused by malignant tumors. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer. We evaluate the performance of our operating segments based on net sales and operating income. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 of this report for a detailed breakout of our sales by operating segment and product category, disaggregated between domestic and international sales.

 During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had international sales of $ 530.4 million, $ 500.4 million and $ 465.9 million, respectively, or 42 %, 43 % and 43 %, respectively, of net sales. Our largest international markets include China, Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, with China representing our most significant international sales market with sales of $ 147.3 million, $ 149.3 million, and $ 138.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. International sales are attributed based on location of the customer receiving the product.

 Our long-lived assets (which are comprised of our net property and equipment) by geographic area at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 273,105

 $

 281,290

 $

 275,311

 Ireland

 42,333

 40,749

 39,863

 Other foreign countries

 68,085

 60,937

 56,484

 Total

 $

 383,523

 $

 382,976

 $

 371,658

 Financial information relating to our reportable operating segments and reconciliations to the consolidated totals for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Net sales

 $

 1,220,560

 $

 1,118,224

 $

 1,043,227

 36,806

 32,757

 31,524

 Total net sales

 Income from operations

 114,440

 80,946

 53,415

 9,504

 6,617

 7,501

 Total income from operations

 123,944

 87,563

 60,916

 Total other expense — net

 ( 11,855)

 ( 4,934)

 ( 6,999)

 Income tax expense

 17,678

 8,113

 5,463

 $

 $

 $

 Total assets by operating segment at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 2,308,217

 $

 1,652,145

 $

 1,635,676

 17,027

 11,821

 12,618

 Total

 $

 2,325,244

 $

 1,663,966

 $

 1,648,294

 Total depreciation and amortization by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 88,960

 $

 80,777

 $

 83,000

 1,025

 1,027

 1,066

 Total

 $

 89,985

 $

 81,804

 $

 84,066

 Total capital expenditures for property and equipment by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 33,985

 $

 44,925

 $

 27,557

 Total

 $

 34,290

 $

 45,029

 $

 27,939

 14. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 We have defined contribution plans covering all U.S. full-time adult employees and certain of our foreign employees. Our contributions to these plans are discretionary in certain countries, including the U.S. In September 2019, we ceased discretionary contributions to certain of our defined contribution plans and subsequently reinstated those contributions in May 2021. Total expense for contributions made to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 8.8 million, $ 7.7 million and $ 6.5 million, respectively.

 15. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 Assets (Liabilities) Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 Our financial assets and (liabilities) carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 Fair Value Measurements Using

 Total Fair

 Quoted prices in

 Significant other

 Significant

 Value at

 active markets

 observable inputs

 unobservable inputs

 (Level 1)

 (Level 2)

 (Level 3)

 Marketable securities (1)

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Interest rate contract asset, current (2)

 $

 1,503

 $

 —

 $

 1,503

 $

 —

 Foreign currency contract assets, current and long-term (3)

 $

 3,105

 $

 —

 $

 3,105

 $

 —

 Foreign currency contract liabilities, current and long-term (4)

 $

 ( 3,860)

 $

 —

 $

 ( 3,860)

 $

 —

 Contingent consideration liabilities

 $

 ( 3,447)

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 ( 3,447)

 Fair Value Measurements Using

 Total Fair

 Quoted prices in

 Significant other

 Significant

 Value at

 active markets

 observable inputs

 unobservable inputs

 (Level 1)

 (Level 2)

 (Level 3)

 Marketable securities (1)

 $

 $

 $

 —

 $

 —

 Interest rate contract asset, long-term (2)

 $

 3,444

 $

 —

 $

 3,444

 $

 —

 Foreign currency contract assets, current and long-term (3)

 $

 4,783

 $

 —

 $

 4,783

 $

 —

 Foreign currency contract liabilities, current and long-term (4)

 $

 ( 3,986)

 $

 —

 $

 ( 3,986)

 $

 —

 Contingent consideration liabilities

 $

 ( 18,073)

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 ( 18,073)

 (1)
 Our marketable securities, which consist entirely of available-for-sale equity securities, are valued using market prices in active markets. Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

 (2)
 The fair value of the interest rate contracts is determined using Level 2 fair value inputs and is recorded as prepaid and other current assets or other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

 (3)
 The fair value of the foreign currency contract assets (including those designated as hedging instruments and those not designated as hedging instruments) is determined using Level 2 fair value inputs and is recorded as prepaid and other assets or other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

 (4)
 The fair value of the foreign currency contract liabilities (including those designated as hedging instruments and those not designated as hedging instruments) is determined using Level 2 fair value inputs and is recorded as accrued expenses or other long-term obligations in the consolidated balance sheets.

 Certain of our business combinations involve the potential for the payment of future contingent consideration, generally based on a percentage of future product sales or upon attaining specified future revenue or other milestones. Contingent consideration liabilities are re-measured to fair value at each reporting period, with the change in fair value recognized within operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. We measure the initial liability and re-measure the liability on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as defined under authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. Changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Beginning balance

 $

 18,073

 $

 48,234

 Contingent consideration expense

 1,704

 4,610

 Contingent payments made

 ( 16,330)

 ( 34,762)

 Effect of foreign exchange

 —

 ( 9)

 Ending balance

 $

 3,447

 $

 18,073

 As of December 31, 2023, $ 3.0 million in contingent consideration liability was included in other long-term obligations and $ 0.4 million in contingent consideration liability was included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet related to contingent liabilities. As of December 31, 2022, $ 2.3 million in contingent consideration liability was included in other long-term obligations and $ 15.8 million in contingent consideration liability was included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet related to contingent liabilities.
 Cash payments related to the settlement of the contingent consideration liability recognized at fair value as of the applicable acquisition date have been reflected as a cash outflow from financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. Payments related to increases in the contingent consideration liability subsequent to the date of acquisition of $ 12.8 million and $ 1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are reflected as operating cash flows.
 The recurring Level 3 measurement of our contingent consideration liabilities includes the following significant unobservable inputs at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands):

 Fair value at

 Valuation

 Weighted

 Contingent consideration liability

 2023

 technique

 Unobservable inputs

 Range

 Average (1)

 Revenue-based royalty payments contingent liability

 $

 2,945

 Discounted cash flow

 12.0 % - 16.0 %

 14.6 %

 Projected year of payments

 2024-2034

 2028

 Revenue milestones contingent liability

 $

 Monte Carlo simulation

 13.0 %

 Projected year of payments

 2024-2039

 2039

 Regulatory approval contingent liability

 $

 Scenario-based method

 5.5 %

 Probability of milestone payment

 50.0 %

 Projected year of payment

 2024-2030

 2030

 (1)
 Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. No weighted average is reported for contingent consideration liabilities without a range of unobservable inputs.

 Fair value at

 Valuation

 Weighted

 Contingent consideration liability

 2022

 technique

 Unobservable inputs

 Range

 Average (1)

 Revenue-based royalty payments contingent liability

 $

 2,097

 Discounted cash flow

 14 % - 17 %

 15.7 %

 Projected year of payments

 2023-2034

 2026

 Revenue milestones contingent liability

 $

 13,064

 Monte Carlo simulation

 5.1 % - 14.0 %

 5.2 %

 Projected year of payments

 2023-2033

 2023

 Regulatory approval contingent liability

 $

 2,912

 Scenario-based method

 5.7 %

 Probability of milestone payment

 90 %

 Projected year of payment

 2023-2030

 2024

 (1)
 Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. No weighted average is reported for contingent consideration liabilities without a range of unobservable inputs.

 The contingent consideration liabilities are re-measured to fair value each reporting period using projected revenues, discount rates, probabilities of payment, and projected payment dates. Projected contingent payment amounts are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow model. Projected revenues are based on our most recent internal operational budgets and long-range strategic plans. An increase (decrease) in either the discount rate or the time to payment, in isolation, may result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. A decrease (increase) in the probability of any milestone payment may result in lower (higher) fair value measurements. Our determination of the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities could change in future periods based upon our ongoing evaluation of these significant unobservable inputs. We intend to record any such change in fair value to operating expenses in our consolidated statements of income.
 Contingent Payments to Related Parties. As a former shareholder of Cianna Medical, a former Merit director was eligible for payments for the achievement of sales milestones specified in our merger agreement with Cianna Medical completed in 2018. The terms of the acquisition, including contingent consideration payments, were determined prior to the appointment of the former Cianna Medical shareholder as a Merit director. During 2023, we made the final contingent payment to Cianna Medical Shareholders, including $ 0.9 million paid to the former Merit director who is a former Cianna Medical shareholder. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made contingent payments of approximately $ 1.6 million to the former director, and no such payments during 2021.
 Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
 The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and trade payables approximate fair value because of the immediate, short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Our long-term debt under our Fourth Amended Credit Agreement re-prices frequently due to variable rates and entails no significant changes in credit risk and, as a result, we believe the fair value of long-term debt approximates carrying value. We believe the fair value our long-term debt under our convertible notes approximates carrying value as the notes were issued in December 2023. The fair value of assets and liabilities whose carrying value approximates fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, which are Level 1 inputs.
 Impairment Charges
 We recognize or disclose the fair value of certain assets, such as non-financial assets, primarily property and equipment, right-of-use operating lease assets, equity investments in privately held companies, intangible assets and goodwill in connection with impairment evaluations. All of our nonrecurring valuations use significant unobservable inputs and therefore fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

 Intangible Assets. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had losses of $ 0.0 million, $ 1.7 million and $ 1.6 million, respectively, related to certain acquired intangible assets (see Note 5).
 Right of Use Operating Lease Assets. W e identified changes in events and circumstances relating to certain right-of-use ("ROU") operating lease assets. We compared the anticipated undiscounted cash flows generated by a sublease to the carrying value of the ROU operating lease and related long-lived assets and determined that the carrying values were not recoverable. Consequently, we recorded an impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2021 of $ 1.4 million, which is equal to the excess of the carrying value of the assets over their estimated fair value. The impairment loss was driven primarily by site consolidation decisions and changes in our projected cash flows for the ROU operating lease asset and related long-lived assets, due to changes in the real estate market as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes included an increase in the anticipated time to identify a lessee, an increase in anticipated lease concessions, and a decrease in the expected lease rates for the property. The ROU operating lease asset impairment losses pertained to our cardiovascular segment. We had no such losses during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
 Property and Equipment. D uring the year ended December 31, 2021, we had losses of $ 1.3 million related to the measurement of property and equipment at fair value based on the planned discontinuance of the Advocate Peripheral Angioplasty Balloon product line, sold under our license agreements with ArraVasc, which pertained to our cardiovascular segment. We had no such losses during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
 Equity Investments, Purchase Options and Notes Receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded impairment charges of $ 0.3 million associated with our previously held equity investment in Bluegrass in connection with the Bluegrass asset acquisition completed on May 4, 2023 (see Note 3). During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $ 0.5 million of impairment expense related to our equity method investment in XableCath, as business ceased operations. We had no such losses during the years ended December 31, 2021. Our equity investments in privately held companies were $ 19.1 million and $ 15.6 million at December 21, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included within other long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheets. We analyze our investments in privately held companies to determine if they should be accounted for using the equity method based on our ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investment. Investments not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if applicable, plus or minus changes in valuation resulting from observable transactions for identical or similar investments.
 Current Expected Credit Losses
 Our outstanding long-term notes receivable, including accrued interest and our allowance for current expected credit losses, were $ 3.2 million and $ 2.4 million, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had an allowance for current expected credit losses of $ 568,000 and $ 281,000, respectively, associated with these notes receivable. We assess the allowance for current expected credit losses on an individual security basis, due to the limited number of securities, using a probability of default model, which is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of securities.
 The table below presents a rollforward of the allowance for current expected credit losses on our notes receivable for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Beginning balance

 $

 $

 Provision for credit loss expense

 Ending balance

 $

 $

 16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

 Cash Flow Hedges

 Foreign Currency Translation

 Total

 BALANCE — January 1, 2021

 $

 ( 6,940)

 $

 1,488

 $

 ( 5,452)

 Other comprehensive loss

 ( 119)

 ( 7,704)

 ( 7,823)

 Income taxes

 ( 1,489)

 ( 800)

 Reclassifications to:

 Revenue

 5,592

 5,592

 ( 1,017)

 ( 1,017)

 1,509

 1,509

 Net other comprehensive income (loss)

 4,476

 ( 7,015)

 ( 2,539)

 BALANCE — December 31, 2021

 ( 2,464)

 ( 5,527)

 ( 7,991)

 Other comprehensive income (loss)

 11,142

 ( 10,491)

 Income taxes

 ( 2,177)

 ( 2,075)

 Reclassifications to:

 Revenue

 ( 3,583)

 ( 3,583)

 1,436

 1,436

 Net other comprehensive income (loss)

 6,830

 ( 10,389)

 ( 3,559)

 BALANCE — December 31, 2022

 4,366

 ( 15,916)

 ( 11,550)

 Other comprehensive income

 4,518

 2,959

 7,477

 Income taxes

 ( 39)

 Reclassifications to:

 Revenue

 ( 4,081)

 ( 4,081)

 ( 1,457)

 ( 1,457)

 ( 2,550)

 ( 2,550)

 Net other comprehensive income (loss)

 ( 2,704)

 2,920

 BALANCE — December 31, 2023

 $

 1,662

 $

 ( 12,996)

 $

 ( 11,334)

 17. LEASES
 We have operating leases for facilities used for manufacturing, research and development, sales and distribution, and office space, as well as leases for manufacturing and office equipment, vehicles, and land. Our leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one year to approximately 26 years. A number of our lease agreements contain options to renew at our discretion for periods of up to 15 years and options to terminate the leases within one year. The lease term used to calculate ROU assets and lease liabilities includes renewal and termination options that are deemed reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component. We do not have any bargain purchase options in our leases. For leases with an initial term of one year or less, we do not record a ROU asset or lease liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Substantially all of the ROU assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 recorded on our consolidated balance sheet are related to our cardiovascular segment.
 From time to time, we enter into agreements to sublease a portion of our facilities to third parties. Such sublease income is not material. We also lease certain hardware consoles to customers and record rental revenue as a component of net sales. Rental revenue under such console leasing arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was not significant.
 The following was included in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Assets

 ROU operating lease assets

 $

 63,047

 $

 65,262

 Liabilities

 Short-term operating lease liabilities

 $

 12,087

 $

 11,005

 Long-term operating lease liabilities

 56,259

 59,736

 Total operating lease liabilities

 $

 68,346

 $

 70,741

 We recognize lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Net lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 14.4 million, $ 13.8 million, and $ 15.9 million, respectively. The components of lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows, in thousands:

 Lease Cost

 Classification

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Operating lease cost (a)

 Selling, general and administrative expenses

 $

 14,879

 $

 14,219

 $

 16,013

 Sublease (income) (b)

 Selling, general and administrative expenses

 ( 488)

 ( 409)

 ( 75)

 Net lease cost

 $

 14,391

 $

 13,810

 $

 15,938

 (a)

 Includes expense related to short-term leases and variable payments, which were not significant.

 (b)

 Does not include rental revenue from leases of hardware consoles to customers, which was not significant.

 Supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows, in thousands:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

 $

 13,804

 $

 13,710

 $

 14,970

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations

 $

 8,891

 $

 11,130

 $

 1,524

 Generally, our lease agreements do not specify an implicit rate. Therefore, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate, which is defined as the interest rate we would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis, considering such factors as length of lease term and the risks of the economic environment in which the leased asset operates. As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our lease agreements had the following remaining lease term and discount rates:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Weighted average remaining lease term

 9.6 years

 10.4 years

 11.4 years

 Weighted average discount rate

 3.4 %

 3.4 %

 3.4 %

 As of December 31, 2023, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows, in thousands:

 Year ended December 31,

 Amounts due under operating leases

 2024

 $

 13,706

 2025

 10,718

 2026

 8,867

 2027

 7,432

 2028

 6,089

 Thereafter

 33,950

 Total lease payments

 80,762

 Less: Imputed interest

 ( 12,416)

 Total

 $

 68,346

 As of December 31, 2023, we had entered into an agreement related to an operating lease in Mexico for manufacturing space that had not yet commenced. The lease will commence in March 2024 with average annual maturities of approximately $ 700,000 expected for a period of approximately 11 years.

 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
 None.

 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
 EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), as of December 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, at a reasonable assurance level, to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and is (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. of America.
 Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the criteria discussed above and our management's assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
 CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
 Our independent registered public accountants have also issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. Their report appears below.

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Merit Medical Systems, Inc.
 Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
 Salt Lake City, Utah
 February 28, 2024

 Item 9B. Other Information.
 None.

 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
 Not applicable.

 Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
 The information required by these items is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. We currently anticipate that our definitive proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2023, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
 (a)
 Documents filed as part of this Report:

 (1)
 Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are incorporated by reference as provided in Item 8 and Item 9A of this report:

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 34) — Internal Control

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Financial Statements

 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022

 Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 (2) Financial Statement Schedules.
 —

 Schedule II - Valuation and qualifying accounts

 Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Balance at

 Additions Charged to

 Balance at

 Allowance for Credit Losses:

 Beginning of Year

 Costs and Expenses (a)

 Deduction (b)

 End of Year

 2021

 $

 ( 5,313)

 $

 ( 2,678)

 $

 1,224

 $

 ( 6,767)

 2022

 $

 ( 6,767)

 $

 ( 1,858)

 $

 $

 ( 8,423)

 2023

 $

 ( 8,423)

 $

 ( 1,772)

 $

 1,172

 $

 ( 9,023)

 (a)
 We record a provision for credit losses based upon historical bad debt experience, current economic conditions, expectations of future economic conditions, and management's evaluation of our ability to collect individual outstanding balances.

 (b)
 When an individual customer balance becomes impaired and is deemed uncollectible, a deduction is made against the allowance for credit losses.

 Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Balance at

 Additions Charged to

 Balance at

 Tax Valuation Allowance:

 Beginning of Year

 Costs and Expenses (a)

 Deduction

 End of Year

 2021

 $

 ( 10,213)

 $

 ( 573)

 $

 -

 $

 ( 10,786)

 2022

 $

 ( 10,786)

 $

 ( 2,741)

 $

 -

 $

 ( 13,527)

 2023

 $

 ( 13,527)

 $

 ( 213)

 $

 -

 $

 ( 13,740)

 (a)
 We record a valuation allowance against a deferred tax asset when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 (b)
 Exhibits:

 The following exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are filed herewith or have been filed previously with the SEC as indicated below:

 Exhibit
No.

 Index to Exhibits

 2.1

 Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and AngioDynamics, Inc. dated as of June 8, 2023.*

 3.1

 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated May 31, 2018.*

 3.2

 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws dated May 31, 2018.*

 4.1

 Specimen Certificate of the Common Stock.*

 4.2

 Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 10.1

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan.*

 10.2

 First Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated May 31, 2007.*

 10.3

 Lease Agreement, dated as of June 8, 1993, by and between QRS 11-20 (UT), Inc. and Merit Medical Systems, Inc. for office and manufacturing facility.*

 10.4

 Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan, dated January 1, 2004.*

 10.5

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2008.*

 10.6

 Second Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, made and adopted effective May 31, 2009.*

 10.7

 Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, made and adopted effective May 31, 2009.*

 10.8

 First Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, effective September 19, 2010.*

 10.9

 Second Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated November 29, 2010.*

 10.10

 Third Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, effective October 1, 2010.*

 10.11

 Fourth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated December 31, 2011.*

 10.12

 Fifth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated December 28, 2012.*

 10.13

 Sixth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated December 31, 2013.*

 10.14

 Seventh Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated June 10, 2014.*

 10.15

 Eighth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated December 29, 2014.*

 10.16

 Form of Employment Agreement, dated May 26, 2016 between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Joseph C. Wright, and Brian G. Lloyd.*

 10.17

 Third Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated February 13, 2015.*

 10.18

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc., Restatement of the 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated July 1, 2000.*

 10.19

 First Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc., 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated April 1, 2001.*

 10.20

 Second Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc., 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated January 1, 2006.*

 10.21

 Third Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc., 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated April 7, 2006.*

 10.22

 Fourth Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc., 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated February 13, 2015.*

 10.23

 Fifth Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc., 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated April 15, 2021.*

 10.24

 Form of First Amendment to Employment Agreement for each of Joseph C. Wright, and Brian G. Lloyd.*

 10.25

 First Amendment to Lease Agreement dated May 22, 2017 for office and manufacturing facility.*

 10.26

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan effective May 24, 2018.*

 10.27

 First Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan effective December 14, 2018.*

 10.28

 Second Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan effective April 15, 2021.*

 10.29

 Employment Agreement made and entered into by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Raul Parra as of the 1st day of August, 2018.*

 10.30

 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2019 Executive Bonus Plan, dated January 1, 2019.*

 10.31

 Ninth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated August 1, 2016.*

 10.32

 Tenth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated January 1, 2017.*

 10.33

 Eleventh Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated January 1, 2019.*

 10.34

 Twelfth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, dated June 1, 2018.*

 10.35

 Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement entered into by and among Merit Medical Systems, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank National Association and the lenders and subsidiary guarantors named therein, dated July 9, 2019.*

 10.36

 Thirteenth Amendment to the Second Restatement of the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, effective January 1, 2019.*

 10.37

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 26, 2020, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred Lampropoulos.*

 10.38

 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 26, 2020, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Raul Parra, Joseph C. Wright, and Brian G. Lloyd.*

 10.39

 First Amendment to the Merit Medical Systems, Inc. 2019 Executive Bonus Plan, effective June 22, 2020.*

 10.40

 Settlement Agreement, dated October 13, 2020, by and among the United States of America, acting through the United States Department of Justice and on behalf of the Office of Inspector General ("OIG-HHS") of the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"), and the Defense Health Agency ("DHA"), acting on behalf of the TRICARE Program (collectively, the "United States"); Merit Medical Systems, Inc.; and Charles J. Wolf, M.D. ("Relator"), through their authorized representatives.*

 10.41

 Corporate Integrity Agreement, dated October 13, 2020, by and between the OIG-HHS and Merit Medical Systems, Inc.*

 10.42

 Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated October 24, 2020, between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: A. Scott Anderson, F. Ann Millner, Ed. D., Lynne N. Ward, and Thomas J. Gunderson.*

 10.43

 Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated October 24, 2020, between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Lonny J. Carpenter, David K. Floyd, and James T. Hogan.*

 10.44

 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each executive officer.*

 10.45

 Indemnification Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2021, between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Stephen C. Evans.*

 10.46

 Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2022, between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of Laura Kaiser and Michael McDonnell.*

 10.47

 Employment Agreement between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Michel J. Voigt, dated December 11, 2020.*

 10.48

 Employment Agreement between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Neil Peterson, dated May 19, 2022.*

 10.49

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Two Year Performance Period), dated March 19, 2021, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred Lampropoulos.*

 10.50

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated March 19, 2021, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred Lampropoulos.*

 10.51

 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Two Year Performance Period), dated March 19, 2021, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Raul Parra, Brian G. Lloyd, Michel J. Voigt, and Joseph C. Wright.*

 10.52

 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated March 19, 2021, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Raul Parra, Brian G. Lloyd, Michel J. Voigt, and Joseph C. Wright.*

 10.53

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 26, 2022, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred Lampropoulos.*

 10.54

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 26, 2022, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Raul Parra.*

 10.55

 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 26, 2022, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Brian G. Lloyd, Michel J. Voigt, and Joseph C. Wright.*

 10.56

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated May 19, 2022, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Neil Peterson.*

 10.57

 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated May 24, 2022, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: A. Scott Anderson, Lonny J. Carpenter, Stephen C. Evans, David K. Floyd, James T. Hogan, Thomas J. Gunderson, Laura s. Kaiser, Michael R. McDonnell, F. Ann Millner, and Lynne N. Ward.*

 10.58

 Second Amendment to Lease Agreement dated March 10, 2022, by and between MM (UT) QRS 11-59, Inc. and Merit Medical Systems, Inc. for office and manufacturing facility.*

 10.59

 Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective as of July 22, 2022.*

 10.60

 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 28, 2023, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred Lampropoulos.*

 10.61

 Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Three Year Performance Period), dated February 28, 2023, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: Raul Parra, Neil Peterson, Brian G. Lloyd, Michel J. Voigt, and Joseph C. Wright.*

 10.62

 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated May 18, 2023, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and each of the following individuals: A. Scott Anderson, Lonny J. Carpenter, Stephen C. Evans, David K. Floyd, Thomas J. Gunderson, Laura S. Kaiser, Michael R. McDonnell, F. Ann Millner, and Lynne N. Ward.*

 10.63

 Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 6, 2023, by and among Merit Medical Systems, Inc. as Borrower and the Lenders referred to therein, as Lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, BOFA Securities, Inc., HSBC Bank USA, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association and Truist Securities, Inc., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and Bank of America, N.A., HSBC Bank USA, National Association, U.S Bank National Association and Truist Bank as Co-Syndication Agents and TD Bank, N.A., as Documentation Agent.*

 10.64

 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 8, 2023, by and between Merit Medical Systems, Inc. and Fred P. Lampropoulos.*

 10.65

 Indenture, dated as of December 8, 2023, among Merit Medical Systems, Inc., and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee.*

 10.66

 Form of 3.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2029 (included in Exhibit 10.68).*

 10.67

 Form of Capped Call Confirmation. *

 10.68

 First Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated December 5, 2023, by and among certain subsidiaries of Merit Medical Systems, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent for Lenders, Bank of America, N.A., HSBC Bank USA, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Truist Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Huntington National Bank, and Regions Bank.

 10.69

 Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, dated August 7, 2023, between F. Ann Millner and E*TRADE Securities LLC.

 Subsidiaries of Merit Medical Systems, Inc.

 23.1

 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

 31.1

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

 31.2

 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

 32.1

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

 32.2

 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

 Policy Relating to the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

 *

 These exhibits are incorporated herein by reference.

 Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 (c)
 Schedules:

 None

 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
 None.

 SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 28, 2024.

 MERIT MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.

 By:

 /s/ FRED P. LAMPROPOULOS

 Fred P. Lampropoulos, President and

 Chief Executive Officer

 ADDITIONAL SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on February 28, 2024.

 Signature

 Capacity in Which Signed

 /s/: FRED P. LAMPROPOULOS

 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Fred P. Lampropoulos

 (Principal executive officer)

 /s/: RAUL PARRA

 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 Raul Parra

 (Principal financial and accounting officer)

 /s/: A. SCOTT ANDERSON

 A. Scott Anderson

 /s/: LONNY J. CARPENTER

 Lonny J. Carpenter

 /s/: STEPHEN C. EVANS

 Stephen C. Evans

 /s/: DAVID K. FLOYD

 David K. Floyd

 /s/: THOMAS J. GUNDERSON

 Thomas J. Gunderson

 /s/: LAURA S. KAISER

 Laura S. Kaiser

 /s/: MICHAEL R. MCDONNELL

 Michael R. McDonnell

 /s/: F. ANN MILLNER

 F. Ann Millner

 /s/: LYNNE N. WARD

 Lynne N. Ward