false --12-31 2023 FY 0000844059 2023-12-31 FL

 P3Y 0 0 P10Y P5Y P7Y 0 P4Y P5Y P4Y P5Y P4Y P5Y P5Y3M18D P4Y9M17D P4Y4M24D P3Y6M P3Y6M P1Y4M25D P3Y P4Y5M30D P3Y6M1D P3Y4M25D P3Y1M5D P3Y P2Y9M18D P2Y10M24D

 2024-03-17

 2023-06-30

 FRPH:SteuartInvestmentCompanyMember

 FRPH:BrooksvilleJointVentureMember

 FRPH:BCFRPRealtyJointVentureMember

 FRPH:GreenvilleWoodfieldJointVentureMember

 FRPH:HalfStreetJointVentureMember

 FRPH:BryantStreetPartnershipMember

 FRPH:RealEstatePartnershipNetIncomeLossMember

 FRPH:WellsFargoMember

 FRPH:WellsFargoMember

 2023-12-22

 FRPH:WellsFargoMember

 FRPH:WellsFargoMember

 FRPH:Dock79EagleBankMember

 2017-11-17

 FRPH:Dock79EagleBankMember

 2017-10-01
 2017-12-31

 FRPH:Dock79EagleBankMember

 FRPH:Dock79LoanMember

 2021-03-19

 FRPH:MarenMember

 2021-03-19

 FRPH:MarenMember

 2021-03-01

 FRPH:Dock79LoanMember

 2021-03-01

 2023-01-31

 2023-03-31

 2023-01-31

 2023-03-01
 2023-03-31

 2022-03-31

 2022-03-31

 us-gaap: EmployeeStockMember

 2023-03-31

 us-gaap: EmployeeStockMember

 2022-03-31

 us-gaap: EmployeeStockMember

 2023-12-29

 FRPH:EmployeeGrantMember

 FRPH:EmployeeGrantMember

 FRPH:EmployeeGrantMember

 FRPH:DirectorStockAwardMember

 FRPH:DirectorStockAwardMember

 FRPH:DirectorStockAwardMember

 2020-01-01

 FRPH:TwentyNinePointNinetySixToThirtyThreePointSeventyMember

 FRPH:TwentyNinePointNinetySixToThirtyThreePointSeventyMember

 FRPH:ThirtyThreePointSeventyToFortyTwoPointThirteenMember

 FRPH:ThirtyThreePointSeventyToFortyTwoPointThirteenMember

 FRPH:FortyTwoPointThirteenToFortyFivePointNinetySevenMember

 FRPH:FortyTwoPointThirteenToFortyFivePointNinetySevenMember

 2020-01-01

 FRPH:BrooksvilleJointVentureMember

 FRPH:TotalSegmentsMember

 FRPH:TotalSegmentsMember

 FRPH:TotalSegmentsMember

 FRPH:AssetManagementMember

 FRPH:AssetManagementMember

 FRPH:AssetManagementMember

 FRPH:UnallocatedCorporateAssetsMember

 FRPH:UnallocatedCorporateAssetsMember

 FRPH:UnallocatedCorporateAssetsMember

 us-gaap: GuaranteeObligationsMember

 us-gaap: GuaranteeObligationsMember

 us-gaap: GuaranteeObligationsMember

 us-gaap: GuaranteeObligationsMember

 FRPH:MiningTopCustomerMember

 FRPH:MiningTopCustomerMember

 FRPH:MRPMember

 us-gaap: LeasesAcquiredInPlaceMember

 us-gaap: LeasesAcquiredInPlaceMember

 us-gaap: LeasesAcquiredInPlaceMember

 us-gaap: LeasesAcquiredInPlaceMember

 FRPH:SteuartInvestmentCompanyMember

 2022-11-04

 FRPH:SteuartInvestmentCompanyMember

 2022-10-01

 us-gaap: SubsequentEventMember

 2024-04-01

 us-gaap: SubsequentEventMember

 2024-04-12

 FRPH:Integer

 FRPH:property

 utr:acre

 FRPH:unit

 UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 Washington, D.C. 20549

 _________________

 FORM 10-K

 _________________

 (Mark One)

 [X]

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

 or

 [_]

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 Commission File Number: 001-36769

 _____________________

 FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 _____________________

 florida

 47-2449198

 (State or other jurisdiction of

 incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 200 W. Forsyth St., 7th Floor, Jacksonville, Florida

 32202

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 (904) 396-5733

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class

 Symbol

 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Common Stock, $.10 par value

 FRPH

 NASDAQ

 Securities registered pursuant to Section
12(g) of the Act: None

 _________________

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is
a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [_] No [X]

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is
not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [_] No [X]

(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_]

has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [_]

is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company,"
and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer [_]

 Accelerated filer [_]

 Non-accelerated filer [X]

 Smaller reporting company [X]

 Emerging growth company [_]

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [_]

has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report. [_]

 If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements. [_]

 Indicate by check mark whether any of those
error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's
executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). [_]

is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [_] No [X]

 The number of shares of the registrant's
common stock outstanding as of March 17, 2024 was 9,500,300. The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates
of the registrant as of June 30, 2023, the last day of business of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $ 426,117,700.
Solely for purposes of this calculation, the registrant has assumed that all directors, officers and ten percent (10%) shareholders of
the Company are affiliates of the registrant.

 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 Portions of the FRP Holdings, Inc. 2023 Annual
Report to Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Parts I and II.

 Portions of the FRP Holdings, Inc. Proxy Statement
which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2024 are incorporated by reference in Part III.

 FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

 FORM 10-K

 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

 Page

 Item 1.

 Business

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 [Reserved]

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.

 Certain matters discussed in the report contain "forward-looking
statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The words
or phrases "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "budget," "continue," "could,"
"intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "seek," "should,"
"will," "would," "expect," "objective," "projection," "forecast,"
"goal," "guidance," "outlook," "effort," "target" and similar expressions
identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect management's current views with respect to financial results related
to future events and are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties,
many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated. Future events and actual results, financial
or otherwise, may differ, perhaps materially, from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Risk factors discussed in
Item 1A of this Form 10-K and other factors that might cause differences, some of which could be material, include, but are not limited
to: the possibility that we may be unable to find appropriate investment opportunities; levels of construction activity in the markets
served by our mining properties; demand for flexible industrial and commercial facilities in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia
area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C and Greenville, SC; our ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property
development; the impact of lending and capital market conditions on our liquidity, our ability to finance projects or repay our debt;
general real estate investment and development risks; vacancies in our properties; risks associated with developing and managing properties
in partnership with others; competition; our ability to renew leases or re-lease spaces as leases expire; illiquidity of real estate investments;
bankruptcy or defaults of tenants; the impact of restrictions imposed by our credit facility; the level and volatility of interest rates;
environmental liabilities; inflation risks; cyber security risks; as well as other risks listed from time to time in our SEC filings,
including but not limited to, our annual and quarterly reports. We have no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements,
other than as imposed by law, as a result of future events or new information. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such
forward-looking statements. Additional information regarding these and other risk factors may be found in the Company's other filings
made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 Item 1. BUSINESS.

 FRP Holdings, Inc., a Florida corporation (the "Company")
was incorporated on April 22, 2014 in connection with a corporate reorganization that preceded the Spin-off of Patriot Transportation
Holding, Inc. The Company's predecessor issuer was formed on July 20, 1998. The business of the Company is conducted through our
wholly-owned subsidiaries FRP Development Corp., a Maryland corporation, and Florida Rock Properties, Inc., a Florida corporation, and
the various subsidiaries and joint ventures of each.

 Our Business. The Company is a holding company
engaged in various real estate businesses. Our business segments are: (i) leasing and management of industrial and commercial properties
(the "Industrial and Commercial Segment" previously named "Asset Management Segment"), (ii) leasing and management
of mining royalty land owned by the Company (the "Mining Royalty Lands Segment"), (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement,
development and construction primarily for multifamily, industrial and commercial, or residential either alone or through joint ventures
(the "Development Segment"), (iv) ownership, leasing and management of apartment buildings through joint ventures (the "Multifamily
Segment" previously named "Stabilized Joint Venture Segment").

 The Industrial and Commercial Segment owns, leases
and manages in-service commercial properties wholly owned by the Company or through joint ventures. Currently this includes eight warehouses
in two business parks, an office building partially occupied by the Company, and two ground leases.

 Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment owns several properties
totaling approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties and an additional 4,280 acres through our Brooksville
joint venture with Vulcan Materials. Other than one location in Virginia, all of our mining properties are located in Florida and
Georgia.

 Our Development Segment owns and continuously monitors
the highest and best use of parcels of land that are in various stages of development. The overall strategy for this segment is to
convert all of our non-income producing property into income-producing property through (i) an orderly process of constructing new apartment,
retail, warehouse, and office buildings to be operated by the Company or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally,
our Development Segment will form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

 The Multifamily Segment includes joint ventures which
own, lease and manage buildings that have met our initial lease-up criteria. We intend to transfer additional joint ventures from our
Development Segment into this segment as they reach stabilization. Stabilization occurs when a minimum occupancy threshold has been achieved
for a certain period of time.

 Competition. As a developer, we compete with
numerous developers, owners and operators of real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which
our properties are located. Price, location, rental space availability, flexibility of design and property management services are the
major factors that affect competition.

 Customers. In the Mining Royalty Lands Segment,
we have a total of five tenants currently leasing our mining locations, and Vulcan Materials Company ("Vulcan" or "Vulcan
Materials") accounted for 24% of the Company's consolidated revenues in 2023. An event affecting Vulcan's ability to
perform under its lease agreements could materially impact the Company's results.

 Sales and Marketing. We use national brokerage
firms to assist us in marketing our vacant properties. Our hands-on in-house management team focuses on tenant satisfaction during the
life of the lease which we have found to be very beneficial with respect to our tenant renewal success rate over the years.

 Financial Information. Financial information
is discussed by industry segment in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in the accompanying 2023 Annual Report to
Shareholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 Environmental Matters. The Company incurs costs
from time to time to investigate and remediate environmental contamination on its real estate, in particular, in connection with our Development
Segment. The Company's mining leases contain provisions under which the lessee is responsible for environmental liabilities and reclamation
of mining sites at least to the extent required by law.

 Human Capital. The Company employed 15 people
and was provided services by three executive officers under a related party agreement at December 31, 2023. Our small but dedicated workforce
has extraordinarily low turnover, and the average tenure of our employee is 12.3 years. We are committed to an inclusive and diverse culture
and do not tolerate any sort of discrimination. We maintain a whistleblower hotline allowing employees to report complaints on an anonymous
basis.

 Company Website. The Company's website
may be accessed at www.frpdev.com. All of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are accessible through our website promptly
after filing. This includes annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports filed or furnished
on Form 8-K and all related amendments.

 Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

 Our future results may be affected by a number of
factors over which we have little or no control. The following issues, uncertainties, and risks, among others, should be considered in
evaluating our business and outlook. Also, note that additional risks not currently identified or known to us could also negatively impact
our business or financial results.

 Risks Relating to our Business

 A decline in the economic conditions in Baltimore
and Washington, D.C. markets could adversely affect our business.

 Nearly all of our residential/mixed-use and commercial
properties are located in the Baltimore area and Washington, D.C. We are, therefore, subject to increased exposure to (positive or negative)
economic factors and other competitive factors specific to markets in confined geographic areas. Our operations may also be affected if
too many competing properties are built in these markets. An economic downturn in these markets resulting from factors outside of our
control could adversely affect our operation. Such a downturn could be triggered by such factors as the downsizing or relocation of government
jobs, crime or acts of terrorism. We cannot be sure that these markets will continue to grow or demand the type of assets in our portfolio.

 We conduct a significant portion of our operations
through joint ventures, which may lead to disagreements with our joint venture partners and adversely affect our interests in the joint
ventures.

 We currently are a party to several joint ventures
and we may enter into additional joint ventures in the future. In each of our existing joint ventures, the consent of our joint venture
partner is required to take certain actions, and in some cases will share equal voting control. Our joint venture partners, as well as
future partners, may have interests that are different from ours which may result in conflicting views as to the conduct of the joint
ventures. In the event that we have a disagreement with a joint venture partner as to the resolution of a particular issue to come before
the joint venture, or as to the conduct or management of the joint venture generally, we may not be able to resolve such disagreement
in our favor and such a disagreement could have a material adverse effect on our interest in the joint venture or on the business of the
joint venture generally.

 Our business may be adversely affected by seasonal
factors and harsh weather conditions.

 The Mining Royalty Lands Segment and the Development
Segment could be adversely affected by reduced construction and mining activity during periods of inclement weather. These factors could
cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. An occurrence of unusually harsh or long-lasting inclement weather such
as hurricanes, tornadoes and heavy snowfalls could have an adverse effect on our operations and profitability.

 Our business could be negatively impacted by cyberattacks
targeting our computer and telecommunications systems and infrastructure, or targeting those of our third-party service providers.

 Our business, like other companies in our industry,
has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies, including technologies that are managed by third-party service providers on
whom we rely to help us collect, host or process information. Such technologies are integrated into our business operations. Use of the
internet and other public networks for communications, services, and storage, including "cloud" computing, exposes all users
(including our business) to cybersecurity risks.

 While we and our third-party service providers commit
resources to the design, implementation, and monitoring of our information systems, there is no guarantee that our security measures will
provide absolute security. Despite these security measures, we may not be able to anticipate, detect, or prevent cyberattacks, particularly
because the methodologies used by attackers change frequently or may not be recognized until launched, and because attackers are increasingly
using techniques designed to circumvent controls and avoid detection. We and our third-party service providers may therefore be vulnerable
to security events that are beyond our control, and we may be the target of cyber-attacks, as well as physical attacks, which could result
in information security breaches and significant disruption to our business.

 Our revenues depend in part on construction sector activity, which tends
to be cyclical.

 Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment revenues are derived
from royalties on construction aggregates mined on our properties. Thus, our results depend in part on residential, commercial and infrastructure
construction activity and spending levels. The construction industry in our markets tends to be cyclical. Construction activity and spending
levels vary across our markets and are influenced by interest rates, inflation, consumer spending habits, demographic shifts, environmental
laws and regulations, employment levels and the availability of funds for public infrastructure projects. Economic downturns may lead
to recessions in the construction industry, either in individual markets or nationally.

 Our operations are subject to various environmental
laws and regulations, the violation of which could result in substantial fines or penalties.

 Liability for environmental contamination on real
property owned by the Company may include the following costs, without limitation: investigation and feasibility study costs, remediation
costs, litigation costs, oversight costs, monitoring costs, institutional control costs, penalties from state and federal agencies and
third-party claims. These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the value of the contaminated property. Moreover,
on-site operations may be suspended until certain environmental contamination is remediated and/or permits are received, and governmental
agencies can impose permanent restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used depending on the extent and nature of the contamination.
This may result in a breach of the terms of the lease entered into with our tenants. Governmental agencies also may create liens on contaminated
sites for damages it incurred to address such contamination. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances at, on, under or from a
property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property or borrow funds using the property as collateral, thus harming our financial
condition.

 The presence of contaminated material at our Riverfront
on the Anacostia development site will subject us to substantial environmental liability and costs as construction proceeds.

 With respect to
Phases III and IV of the Riverfront on the Anacostia site in Washington, D.C., preliminary environmental testing has indicated the presence
of contaminated material that will have to be specially handled in excavation in conjunction with construction. While we have recovered
partial reimbursement for these costs from neighboring property owners, we still expect to incur significant environmental costs in

 connection with construction.

 The Company has no obligation to remediate this contamination
on Phases III and IV of the development until such time as it makes a commitment to commence construction on each phase. The Company's
actual expense to address this issue may be materially higher or lower than the expense previously recorded depending upon the actual
costs incurred.

 The geographic concentration of our properties
makes our business more vulnerable to severe weather conditions, natural disasters and climate change.

 Climate change presents an array of risks to real
estate companies due to sea level rise, flooding, extreme weather, stronger storms and human migration. A significant number of our properties
are located in areas that are susceptible to hurricanes, tropical storms, flooding, sea level rise and other natural disasters. We have
accounted for the risk of flooding and sea level rise in the design of our Riverfront on the Anacostia development. Future developments,
including potential "second life" uses of our mining properties, could be impacted by these factors and the impacts that they
have on human behavior. Weather conditions could disrupt the business of our tenants, which may affect the ability of some tenants to
pay rent and/or their willingness to remain in or move to affected areas. [Additionally, the cost of insurance associated with our properties
has increased, and future weather conditions may cause premiums to increase in the future.]

 Uninsured losses could significantly reduce our
earnings.

 We self-insure for a portion of our claims exposure
resulting from workers' compensation, auto liability, general liability and employees' health insurance. We also are responsible
for our legal expenses relating to such claims. We maintain insurance above the amounts for which we self-insure with licensed insurance
carriers. Although we believe the aggregate insurance limits should be sufficient to cover reasonably expected claims, it is possible
that one or more claims could exceed our aggregate coverage limits. Additionally, there are certain losses, such as losses from hurricanes,
terrorism, wars or earthquakes, where insurance is limited or not economically justifiable. If the Company experiences an uninsured loss
of real property, we could lose both the invested capital and anticipated revenues associated with such property. We accrue currently
for estimated incurred losses and expenses and periodically evaluate and adjust our claims' accrued liability to reflect our experience.
However, ultimate results may differ from our estimates, which could result in losses greater than accrued amounts.

 We may be unable to renew leases or re-lease properties
as leases expire.

 When a lease expires, a tenant may elect not to renew
it. If that occurs, we may not be able to lease the property on similar terms. The terms of renewal or re-lease (including the cost of
required renovations and concessions to tenants) may be less favorable than the prior lease. If we are unable to lease all or substantially
all of our properties, or if the rental rates upon such re-leasing are significantly lower than expected rates, our cash generated before
debt repayments and capital expenditures may be adversely affected.

 We may be unable to lease currently vacant properties.

 If we are unable to obtain leases sufficient to cover
carrying costs, then our cash flows may be adversely affected.

 The bankruptcy or insolvency of significant tenants
with long-term leases may adversely affect income produced by our properties.

 Should tenants default on their obligations, our cash
flow would be adversely affected, and we may not be able to find another tenant to occupy the space under similar terms or may have to
make expenditures to retrofit or divide the space. Additionally, we may have to incur a non-cash expense for a significant amount of deferred
rent revenue generated from the accounting requirement to straight-line rental revenues. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant
may also adversely affect the income produced by a property. If any of our tenants become a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy
Code, we cannot evict that tenant

 solely because of its bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court
may authorize the tenant to reject and terminate its lease with the Company. Our claim against such a tenant for unpaid future rent would
be subject to a statutory limitation that may be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed to us under the tenant's
lease. Any shortfall in rent payments could adversely affect our cash flow.

 Our inability to obtain necessary approvals for
property development could adversely affect our profitability.

 We may be unable to obtain, or incur delays in obtaining,
necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased
costs or abandonment of certain projects. Before we can develop a property, we must obtain a variety of approvals from local and state
governments with respect to such matters as zoning, density, parking, subdivision, site planning and environmental issues. Legislation
could impose moratoriums on new real estate development or land-use conversions from mining to development. These factors may reduce our
profit or growth and may limit the value of these properties.

 Real estate investments are not as liquid as other
types of assets.

 The illiquid nature of real estate investments may
limit our ability to react promptly to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, significant expenditures associated with
real estate investments, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances
cause a reduction in income from the investments. Thus, the illiquid nature of our real estate investments could adversely affect our
profitability under certain economic conditions.

 Our debt service obligations may have adverse consequences
on our business operations.

 We use debt to finance our operations, including acquisitions
of properties. As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of $180,070,000, secured by developed real
estate properties having a carrying value of $246,804,000. Our use of debt may have adverse consequences, including the following:

 Our cash flows from operations
may not be sufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest.

 We may be forced to dispose
of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms, to make payments on our debt.

 We may default on our debt obligations,
and the lenders may foreclose on our properties that collateralize those loans.

 A foreclosure on one of our
properties could create taxable income without any accompanying cash proceeds to pay the tax.

 We may not be able to refinance
or extend our existing debt.

 The terms of any refinancing
or extension may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt.

 We may not be able to issue
debt on unencumbered properties under reasonable terms to finance growth of our portfolio of properties.

 We may be subject to a significant
increase in the variable interest rates on our unsecured and secured lines of credit, which could adversely impact our operations.

 Our debt agreements have yield
maintenance requirements that result in a penalty if we prepay loans.

 Our uncollateralized revolving credit agreement
restricts our ability to engage in some business activities.

 Our uncollateralized revolving credit agreement contains
customary negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that, among other things:

 restricts our ability to incur
certain additional indebtedness;

 restricts our ability to make
certain investments;

 restricts our ability to merge
with another company;

 restricts our ability to pay
dividends;

 requires us to maintain financial
coverage ratios; and

 requires us to not encumber
certain assets except as approved by the lenders.

 These restrictions could cause us to default on our
unsecured line of credit or negatively affect our operations.

 Fluctuations in value of our U.S. Treasury debt
investments.

 As of December 31, 2023, the Company had total investments
of $128,795,000 in U.S. Treasury Notes which mature through mid-2024. The Company measures the fair value of these investments on a quarterly
basis and recognizes the unrealized gain or loss in its comprehensive income. As a result, the Company's comprehensive income will
be impacted by factors outside our control such as fluctuations in interest rates that impact the value of our investment portfolio. The
Company could incur losses should it sell the Notes prior to maturity.

 We face competition from numerous sources.

 As a developer of apartments, retail, flexible warehouse
and office space, we compete with numerous developers, owners and operators of real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours
in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates,
or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental
rates to an amount lower than we currently charge in order to retain tenants when our tenants' leases expire. As a result, our financial
condition, results of operations, cash flow and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.

 Construction costs may be higher than anticipated.

 Our long-term business plan includes a number of construction
projects. The construction costs of these projects may exceed original estimates and possibly make the completion of a property uneconomical.
Building material commodity shortages, supply chain disruptions, construction delays or stoppages or rapidly escalating construction costs
may out-pace market rents, which would adversely affect our profits. The market environment and existing lease commitments may not allow
us to raise rents to cover these higher costs.

 Risks Relating to our Common Stock

 Certain shareholders have effective control of a significant percentage
of FRP's common stock and would have significant influence on the outcome of any shareholder vote.

 As of December 31, 2023, our Chief Executive Officer,
John D. Baker, II beneficially owned approximately 15.8% of the outstanding shares of our common stock (79.4% of which are held in trusts
under which voting power is shared with other family members) and members of his family who are (i) officers or directors of the company,
(ii) required to report their beneficial ownership on Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G, or (iii) are members of his immediate family beneficially
own, collectively, an additional 21.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, these individuals effectively may have
the ability to direct the election of all members of our board of directors and to exercise a controlling influence over its business
and affairs, including any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations involving the Company, its acquisition
or disposition of assets, its borrowing of monies, its issuance of any additional securities, its repurchase of common stock and its payment
of dividends.

 Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and certain provisions
of Florida law could delay or prevent a change in control of FRP.

 The existence of some provisions of our articles of
incorporation and bylaws and Florida law could

 discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of
FRP that a shareholder may consider favorable. These include provisions:

 providing that directors may be removed by our shareholders
only for cause;

 authorizing a large number of shares of stock that
are not yet issued, which would allow FRP's board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby
protecting the continuity of its management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control
of FRP;

 requiring the written demand of 50% of all votes
entitled to be cast on a particular issue in order for shareholders to call a special meeting;

 prohibiting shareholders from taking action by written
consent; and

 imposing advance notice requirements for nominations
of candidates for election to our board of directors at the annual shareholder meetings.

 These provisions apply even if a takeover offer may
be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not
in the Company's or the shareholders' best interests.

 FRP may issue preferred stock with terms that could
dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock.

 Our articles of incorporation authorize us to issue,
without the approval of our shareholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, powers, preferences
and relative, participating, optional and other rights, and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions as our board of directors
generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value
of FRP's common stock. For example, FRP could grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of its directors in all
events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights
or dividend, distribution or liquidation preferences FRP could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of
the common stock.

 Institutional investor focus on environmental,
social and governance issues may impact our stock price.

 Many large institutional investors focus on sustainability
in managing investment risks, portfolio design and dealing with companies in which they invest. This focus extends to climate change and
the plan for transitioning to a net-zero economy, diversity and inclusion and other human resource matters, and social and governance
issues and corporate social responsibility. While we are proud of the returns to shareholders and our sustainable practices in construction
and environmental management, we recognize our responsibility to focus on these key issues that impact our long-term sustainability. Our
failure to demonstrate this commitment could dissuade institutional investors from holding our stock, which would result in downward pressure
on our stock price.

 Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

 None.

 Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

 We have processes in place for assessing, identifying,
and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats which could result in information security breaches and significant disruption
to our business. We have a multi-layer security approach including specialized hardware/software, access protocols, third-party

 assessments, and regular training. Our servers are
hosted by a third-party that provides Service Organization Control (SOC) Type 1 and 2 reports annually with monthly bridge letters and
hosts a separate disaster recovery site. Our Firewall, Virtual Private Network, Multifactor Authentication, Email Gateway, Antivirus software,
file storage protection software, and other software applications help mitigate cybersecurity risks. Our IT Steering committee reviews
our access protocols and systems biannually. Our third-party internal auditing firm provided an assessment of our system design and performed
testing. Our IT consultant participates in our weekly operations meetings, requires cybersecurity training, and monitors the results of
test phishing and credential harvesting emails.

 Our board of directors has oversight of our strategic
and business risk management and has delegated cybersecurity risk management oversight to the Audit Committee of our board of directors.
Our Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify and evaluate cybersecurity
risks to which the company is exposed and to implement processes and programs to manage cybersecurity risks and mitigate cybersecurity
incidents.

 Management is responsible for identifying, assessing,
and managing material cybersecurity risks on an ongoing basis, establishing processes to ensure that such potential cybersecurity risk
exposures are monitored, putting in place appropriate mitigation measures, maintaining our business continuity plans, IT security policies
and procedures, and providing regular reports to our board of directors, including through the Audit Committee. Our IT consultant monitors
the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through a variety of software tools, and regularly reports
to management.

 In 2023, we did not identify any cybersecurity events
that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced
undetected cybersecurity incidents. For additional information about these risks, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 Item 2. PROPERTIES.

 The Company owns (predominately in fee simple but
also through ownership of interests in joint ventures) approximately 21,000 acres of land in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, South
Carolina, and the District of Columbia. This land is held by the Company in four distinct segments: (i) Industrial and Commercial Segment
(land owned and operated as income producing rental properties in the form of commercial properties), (ii) Mining Royalty Lands Segment
(land owned and leased to mining companies for royalties or rents), (iii) Development Segment (land owned and held for investment to be
further developed for future income production or sales to third parties), and (iv) Multifamily Segment (ownership, leasing and management
of buildings through joint ventures).

 Industrial and Commercial Segment. As of December
31, 2023, the Industrial and Commercial Segment includes nine buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple
as follows:

 1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County,
MD consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 90.8% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for
use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

 2) 155 E. 21 st Street in Duval County,
FL was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on
the property during 2018.

 3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Harford County,
MD consists of five industrial buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 92.1% leased and occupied. The property is subject to
commercial leases with various tenants.

 4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, MD
consists of three industrial buildings totaling 247,340 square feet that are 100.0% leased and 100.0% occupied

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment.

 Introduction.

 Pursuant to amendments to Regulation S-K of the Securities
Act of 1933 ("Regulation S-K") adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2018, effective for fiscal years beginning
on or after January 1, 2021, registrants with material mining operations must disclose certain information in their Securities and Exchange
Act filings concerning mineral resources and mineral reserves, in accordance with to Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. This section of Item
2 provides summary information about our overall portfolio of mining royalty properties.

 Our mining leases do not require tenants to furnish
technical report summaries that meet the requirements of Rule 1302, and the Company does not otherwise have access to the technical data
required to determine precise amounts of each class of mineral resource or probable or proven resources. In accordance with Rule 1303(a)(3),
the Company is providing all required information in its possession or which it can obtain without incurring an unreasonable burden or
expense.

 The Company periodically engages consultants to examine
remaining sand and stone deposit estimates and geological studies conducted by tenants and their industry professionals.

 Locations. The following map presents
the locations of the Company's mining properties, which are discussed by segment (as reported in the Company's financial statements)
below:

 Mining Properties. The Company owns
a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately 16,650
total acres. The Company's quarries are subject to mining leases with Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete
Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium and are used primarily in construction applications.

 Nine of the Company's quarries (located in Grandin,
FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres)
are currently being mined, and five of the Company's quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL and Lake
Sand, FL and Forest Park, GA; totaling 2,778 acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our typical mining lease requires the
tenant to pay the Company a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal
year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the sand and stone
deposits on the property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount.
In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company's mining properties
were approximately 9,569,000, 9,525,000 and 7,575,000, respectively.

 In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment
to our lease with Vulcan for our Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to
accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company granted Lee
County an option to purchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place
a conservation easement on part of the property, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County's
issuance of a mine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production.

 In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted
to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company's land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. Cemex
expects to begin mining in late 2024 after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

 Brooksville Joint Venture. Additionally,
through a joint venture with Vulcan Materials, the Company owns a 50% interest in 4,280 acres of mixed-use property in Brooksville, Florida,
a portion of which comprises a ground calcium mine that is mined by Vulcan Materials. The Company entered into the joint venture in 2006
for the purpose of jointly owning and developing the land as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department of Community
Affairs issued its final order approving the development of the project consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and over 600,000
square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. Zoning for the project was approved by the County in August 2012. Vulcan
Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville property. In the
fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, aggregate tons sold were approximately 259,000, 244,000 and 280,000, respectively.

 Other Properties. The Company also owns
an additional 36 acres of investment property in Brooksville, Florida.

 Development Segment – Industrial and Commercial
Land.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment owned the following
future development parcels:

 1)
 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located
at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, MD.

 2)
 17 acres of land in Harford County, MD with a 259,200 square foot speculative warehouse project on Chelsea
Road under construction due to be complete in the third quarter of 2024.

 3)
 170 acres of land in Cecil County, MD that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

 Development Segment – Land Held for Development
or Sale.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment was invested in
the following development parcels:

 1)
 Riverfront on the Anacostia: The Riverfront on the Anacostia property is a 5.8-acre parcel of real estate
in Washington, D.C. that fronts the Anacostia River and is adjacent to the Washington Nationals Baseball Park. A revised Planned Unit
Development (PUD) plan was approved in 2012 and permits the Company to develop, in four phases, a four-building, mixed-use project, containing
approximately 1,161,050 square feet. The approved development includes numerous publicly accessible open spaces and a waterfront esplanade
along the Anacostia River. The first phase (now known as Dock 79), which was completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty, and which
consisted of a single building with residential and retail uses, became our fourth business segment in July 2017, now known as the Multifamily
Segment. The second phase (now known as The Maren), also completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty and consists of a single building
with residential and retail uses, was added to the Multifamily Segment effective March 31, 2021. The final two phases, Phase 3 and Phase
4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring March 30, 2025, permitting 571,671 square feet of development.

 2)
 Hampstead Trade Center: The Hampstead Trade Center property in Carroll County, MD is a 118-acre parcel
located adjacent to the State Route 30 bypass. The parcel was previously zoned for industrial use, but our request for rezoning for residential
use was approved in December 2018. Management believes this to be a higher and better use of the property. We are fully engaged in the
formal process of seeking PUD entitlements for this tract, which is now known as "Hampstead Overlook".

 3)
 Bryant Street: On December 24, 2018 the Company and MRP Realty formed four partnerships to purchase and
develop approximately five acres of land at 500 Rhode Island Ave NE, Washington, D.C. This property is the first phase of the Bryant Street
Master Plan. The property is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities development program as
established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This first phase is a mixed-use development which supports 487 residential
units and 91,607 square feet of first floor and stand-alone retail on approximately five acres of the roughly 12-acre site. Construction
is complete and leasing efforts are nearing completion.

 4)
 The Verge: On December 20, 2019 the Company and MRP formed a joint venture to acquire and develop a mixed-use
project located at 1800 Half Street, Washington, D.C. This property is located in the Buzzard Point area of Washington, DC, less than
half a mile downriver from Dock 79 and The Maren. It lies directly between our two acres on the Anacostia currently under lease by Vulcan
and Audi Field, the home stadium of the DC United. The project is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new
communities' development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The eleven-story structure has
344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail. Construction is complete and leasing is nearing completion.

 5)
 Square 664E: The Company's Square 664E property is approximately two acres situated on the Anacostia
River at the base of South Capitol Street less than half a mile down river from our Riverfront on the Anacostia property. This property
is currently under lease to Vulcan Materials for use as a concrete batch plant through 2026. In March 2017, reconstruction of the bulkhead
was completed at a cost of $4.2 million in anticipation of future high-rise development.

 6)
.408 Jackson: In December 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture with Woodfield Development for
the acquisition and development of a mixed-use project known as ".408 Jackson" in Greenville, SC. Woodfield specializes in
Class-A multifamily, mixed-use developments primarily in the Carolinas and DC. The project is located across the street from Greenville's
minor league baseball stadium and holds 227 multifamily units and 4,539 square feet of retail space. It is located in an Opportunity Zone,
which provides tax benefits in the new communities' development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
of 2017. The temporary certificate of occupancy was received in December 2022. Leasing began in the fourth quarter of 2022 with residential
units 95.2% leased and 93.4% occupied at quarter end. Retail at this location is 100% leased. The Company owns 40% of the development.

 7)
 Windlass Run: In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with St. Johns Properties Inc., a Baltimore
development company, to jointly develop the remaining lands of our Windlass Run Business Park, located in Middle River, MD, into a multi-building
business park consisting of approximately 329,000 square feet of single-story office space. The project will take place in several phases.
Construction of the first phase, which includes two office buildings and two retail buildings totaling 100,030-square-feet (inclusive
of 27,950 retail), commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017 and was completed in January 2019. At December 31, 2023 Phase I was 73.4% leased
and 62.8% occupied, the subsequent phases will follow as each phase is stabilized.

 8)
 Estero: In August 2022, the Company invested $3.6 million for a minority interest in a joint venture with
Woodfield Development to purchase and develop 46 acres in Estero, FL into a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square
feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel. While the joint venture attempts to rezone
the property, the Company will receive a preferred return of 8% with an option to roll its investment into equity in the vertical development
or exit at that point.

 9)
 Buzzard Point: In November 2022, the Company entered into a contribution
agreement with MRP and Steuart Investment Company (SIC) regarding potential development of an estimated 1,200 multifamily units in four
phases on land owned by SIC. The Company entered into a separate agreement with MRP to perform pre-development obligations for the contribution
agreement. The company owns 50% of the partnership with MRP.

 10)
 Woven: In August 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Woodfield
Development for the acquisition and development of a mixed-use project known as "Woven" in Greenville, SC, to consist
of an estimated 214 multifamily units and 10,000 square feet of retail space. The joint venture is in the pre-development and pre-closing
phase in pursuit of vertical construction closing conditions. The Company owns 50% at this time with final ownership to be determined
based upon contributions by the partners, land contributors, and other investors.

 Multifamily Segment.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment was invested in
the following stabilized multifamily joint ventures:

 1)
 Dock 79: Dock 79 (Phase I of the Riverfront on the Anacostia development) is a 305-unit residential apartment
building with approximately 14,430 square feet of first floor retail space. The property is situated on approximately 2.1 acres of land
located on Potomac Avenue in Washington, DC, across the street from the Nationals Park.

 2)
 The Maren: The Maren (Phase II of the Riverfront on the Anacostia development) is a 264-unit residential
apartment building with 6,811 square feet of retail space located on Potomac Avenue in Washington, DC, across the street from the Nationals
Park

 3)
 Riverside: Riverside Joint Venture in Greenville, SC is a joint venture with Woodfield Development which
includes a 200-unit residential apartment building. The Company owns 40% of the venture.

 Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

 None.

 Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

 None.

 Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY,
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

 There were approximately 315 holders of record of
FRP Holdings, Inc. common stock, $.10 par value, as of December 31, 2023. The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market
(Symbol FRPH).

 Price Range of Common Stock. Information concerning
stock prices is included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 of the Company's 2023 Annual Report to Shareholders,
and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Dividends. The Company has not paid a cash
dividend in the past and it is the present policy of the Board of Directors not to pay cash dividends. Information concerning restrictions
on the payment of cash dividends is included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in the accompanying 2023 Annual
Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity
Compensation Plans. Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12
of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and
Affiliated Purchasers

 Total

 Number of

 Purchased

 Approximate

 As Part of

 Dollar Value of

 Total

 Publicly

 Shares that May

 Number of

 Announced

 Yet Be Purchased

 Price Paid

 Plans or

 Under the Plans

 Period

 Purchased

 per Share

 Programs

 or Programs (1)

 October 1 through October 31

 —

 $

 —

 —

 $

 7,363,000

 November 1 through November 30

 —

 $

 —

 —

 $

 7,363,000

 December 1 through December 31

 —

 $

 —

 —

 $

 7,363,000

 Total

 —

 $

 —

 —

 (1) On February 4, 2015, the Board of Directors
authorized management to expend up to $5,000,000 to repurchase shares of the Company's common stock from time to time as opportunities
arise. On December 5, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company's stock repurchase authorization.
On August 5, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company's stock repurchase authorization. On May
6, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company's stock repurchase authorization. On August 26, 2020,
the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company's stock repurchase authorization.

 Item 6. [RESERVED]

 Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION.

 Information required in response to Item 7 is included
under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" on pages 10 through
21 of the Company's 2023 Annual Report to Shareholders, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 7.A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK.

 Interest Rate Risk - We are exposed to the
impact of interest rate changes through our variable-rate borrowings under our Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo.

 Under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement, the applicable
margin for borrowings at December 31, 2023 was Daily Simple SOFR plus 2.25%.

 The Company did not have any variable rate debt outstanding
at December 31, 2023, so a sensitivity analysis was not performed to determine the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on
the Company's results of operations and cash flows.

 For our debt instruments with variable interest rates,
changes in interest rates affect the amount of interest expense incurred. The following table presents the principal cash flow payments
associated with our outstanding debt by year, weighted average interest rates on debt outstanding each year-end, and fair value of total
debt as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

 2024

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 Thereafter

 Total

 Fair Value

 Fixed rate debt

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 —

 $

 180,070

 $

 180,070

 $

 145,678

 Average interest for fixed rate debt

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 3.03

 %

 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY
DATA.

 Information required in response to this Item 8 is
included under the caption "Quarterly Results" on page 9 and on pages 22 through 41 of the Company's 2023 Annual Report to Shareholders.
Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

 None.

 Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 CONCLUSION REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCLOSURE
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 Under the supervision and with the participation of
our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and chief accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation
of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on
this evaluation, our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer concluded that
our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

 MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER
FINANCIAL REPORTING

 Our management is responsible for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision
and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting
officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in the
 Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based on our evaluation

 under the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated
Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

 This Annual Report does not include an attestation
report of our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Hancock Askew & Co., LLP, regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Management's report was not subject to attestation by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm pursuant to rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management's report in this Annual Report.

 CHANGE IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

 During the fourth quarter of 2023, there were no changes
in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.

 INHERENT LIMITATIONS OVER INTERNAL CONTROLS

 Our internal control over financial reporting is designed
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes
those policies and procedures that:

 i.
 pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of our assets;

 ii.
 provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made
only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

 iii.
 provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use
or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide
absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human
error and circumvention by collusion or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective internal control system may not prevent
or detect material misstatements on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject
to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or
procedures may deteriorate.

 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

 None.

 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS
THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

 Not applicable.

 Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE.

 The Company has adopted a Financial Code of Ethical
Conduct applicable to its principal executive officers, principal financial officers and principal accounting officers. A copy of this
Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is filed as Exhibit 14 to this Form 10-K. The Financial Code of Ethical Conduct is also available on
our web site at www.frpdev.com/investor-relations/corporate-governance/.

 The rest of the information required in response to
this Item 10 is included under the captions "Our Board of Directors", "Corporate Governance, ESG and Our Approach to
Risk Management", "Our Executive Officers", "Securities Ownership" in the Company's Proxy Statement, and
such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not
later than March 31, 2024.

 Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

 Information required in response to this Item 11 is
included under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated
herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2024.

 Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

 Equity Compensation Plan Information

 Number of Securities

 remaining available

 Number of Securities

 for future issuance

 to be issued upon

 Weighted average

 under equity

 exercise of

 exercise price of

 compensation plans

 outstanding options,

 outstanding options,

 (excluding securities

 warrants and rights

 warrants and rights

 reflected in column (a))

 Plan Category

 (a)

 (b)

 (c)

 Equity compensation plans

 approved by security holders

 124,866

 (1)

 $

 39.99

 (2)

 344,077

 (1)

 Equity compensation plans

 not approved by security holders

 Total

 124,866

 $

 39.99

 344,077

 1.
 Column (a) includes 118,167 stock options granted under our 2016 Equity Incentive
Plan and 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and 6,699 performance share awards granted under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. Each performance share
award shown in the table represents a right to receive, subject to the satisfaction of certain performance criteria and the recipient's
continued service to the Company, a number of shares of restricted stock, which number will be calculated after the applicable performance
period by dividing the pre-determined value of each award by the closing price of our common stock on the date the restricted stock is
issued. The aggregate value of the performance share awards shown in table is $405,356. For illustrative purposes, the maximum

 payout of the performance share awards
has been assumed, and the number of performance share awards has been calculated using our closing stock price on March 6, 2024 ($60.51).
The performance share awards are subject to partial or complete forfeiture if the vesting criteria are not met. Because some or all of
the performance share awards may not vest, and because the number of shares of restricted stock to be issued thereunder is dependent on
future stock prices, columns (a) and (c) may overstate or understate expected dilution.

 2.
 Because there is no exercise price associated with the performance share awards,
the weighted-average exercise price does not take the performance share awards into account.

 The remainder of the information
required in response to this Item 12 is included under the caption "Securities Ownership" in the Company's Proxy Statement,
and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
not later than March 31, 2024.

 Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

 Information required in response to this Item 13 is
included under the captions "Corporate Governance, ESG and Our Approach to Risk Management" and "Our Board of Directors"
in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2024.

 Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND
SERVICES.

 Our independent registered accounting firm is Hancock
Askew & Co., LLP, Jacksonville, Florida, Firm 794. Information required in response to this Item 14 is included under the caption
"Proposal 2: The Auditor Proposal" in the Company's Proxy Statement, and such information is incorporated herein by
reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than March 31, 2024.

 Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULE.

 (a) (1) Financial Statements.

 The response to this item is submitted
as a separate section. See Index to Financial Statements on page 26 of this Form 10-K.

 (3) Exhibits.

 The response to this item is submitted
as a separate section. See Exhibit Index on pages 24 through 25 of this Form 10-K.

 Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

 None.

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.

 FRP Holdings, Inc.

 Date: March 26, 2024

 By

 JOHN D. BAKER II

 John D. Baker II

 Chief Executive Officer

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 By

 JOHN D. BAKER, III

 John D. Baker, III

 Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

 (Principal Financial Officer)

 By

 JOHN D. KLOPFENSTEIN

 John D. Klopfenstein

 Controller and Chief Accounting

 Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on
March 26, 2024.

 /s/ John D. Baker II

 John D. Baker II

 Executive Chairman and

 Chief Executive Officer

 /s/ David H. deVilliers, Jr.

 David H. deVilliers, Jr.

 President and Vice-Chair Director

 (Principal Executive Officer)

 /s/ Matthew S. McAfee

 Matthew S. McAfee

 /s/ John D. Baker, III

 John D. Baker, III

 Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

 (Principal Financial Officer)

 s/ Martin E. Stein, Jr.

 Martin E. Stein, Jr.

 /s/ John D. Klopfenstein

 John D. Klopfenstein

 Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

 (Principal Accounting Officer)

 /s/ John S. Surface

 John S. Surface

 /s/ Nicole B. Thomas

 Nicole B. Thomas

 / s/ William H. Walton

 William H. Walton

 /s/ Margaret Wetherbee

 Margaret Wetherbee

 FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

 FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

 EXHIBIT INDEX

 Item 15(a)(3)

 3.1

 Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FRP Holdings, Inc., adopted February 4, 2015, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2015.

 3.2

 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of FRP Holdings, Inc., as amended March 31, 2020, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company's Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

 4.1

 Articles III, V and X of the Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of FRP Holdings, Inc, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Form 10-Q filed May 8, 2015.

 4.2

 Specimen stock certificate of FRP Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company's Post-Effective Amendment to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 5, 2014.

 4.3

 Description of Registrant's Common Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company's Form 10-K filed on March 19, 2021.

 10.1

 Summary of Medical Reimbursement Plan of FRP Holdings, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1993. File No. 33-26115.

 10.2

 Summary of Management Incentive Compensation Plans, incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1994. File No. 33-26115.

 10.3

 Management Security Agreements between the Company and certain officers, incorporated herein by reference to a form of agreement previously filed (as Exhibit (10)(I)) with Form S-4 dated December 13, 1988. File No. 33-26115.

 10.4

 FRP Holdings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to an appendix to the Company's Proxy Statement dated December 29, 2005.

 10.5

 FRP Holdings, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 13, 2017.

 10.6

 Letter Agreement between the Company and David H. deVilliers, Jr., incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.

 10.7

 Letter Agreement between the Company and John D. Klopfenstein, incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit filed with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.

 13.1

 The Company's 2023 Annual Report to shareholders, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Those portions of the 2023 Annual Report to Shareholders which are not incorporated by reference shall not be deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.

 14.1

 Financial Code of Ethical Conduct between the Company, Chief Executive Officers and Financial Managers, adopted December 3, 2014, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 14 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2017.

 21.1

 Subsidiaries of Registrant at December 31, 2023

 23.1

 Consent of Hancock Askew & Co., Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, appears on page 27 of this Form 10-K.

 31.1

 Certification of John D. Baker II.

 31.2

 Certification of John D. Baker III.

 31.3

 Certification of John D. Klopfenstein.

 32.1

 Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 97.1

 FRP Holdings, Inc. Executive Officer Compensation Clawback Policy.

 101.INS

 101.SCH

 101.CAL

 101.DEF

 101.LAB

 101.PRE

 FRP HOLDINGS, INC.

 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 (Item 15(a) (1) and 2))

 Page

 Consolidated Financial Statements:

 Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022

 For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 Consolidated statements of income

 Consolidated statements of comprehensive income

 Consolidated statements of cash flows

 Consolidated statements of shareholders' equity

 Notes to consolidated financial statements

 57-75

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 77-78

 Selected quarterly financial data (unaudited)

 36-37

 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 All schedules have been omitted, as they
are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable, or because the information required is included in the consolidated
financial statements.

 Exhibit 23

 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM

 FRP Holdings, Inc.

 We hereby consent to the incorporation
by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333- 125099, 333-131475 and 333-216025) of FRP Holdings, Inc. of our report
dated March 26, 2024, relating to the consolidated financial statements which appear in the Annual Report to Shareholders incorporated
by reference herein.

 Respectfully submitted,

 Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

 March 26, 2024

 Annual Report 2023

 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 Years ended December 31

 (Amounts in thousands except per share
amounts)

 %

 2023

 2022

 $

 10.7

 $

 7,996

 46.3

 Net investment income

 $

 10,897

 5,473

 99.1

 Interest Expense

 $

 (4,315

)

 (3,045

)

 41.7

 Equity in loss of joint ventures

 $

 (11,937

)

 (5,721

)

 108.7

 Gain on sale of real estate and other income

 $

 (93.9

)

 Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

 $

 (420

)

 (518

)

 (18.9

)

 $

 5,302

 4,565

 16.1

 Per common share:

 Net income attributable to the Company:

 Basic

 $

 0.56

 0.49

 14.3

 $

 0.56

 0.48

 16.7

 $

 1.2

 Total Debt

 $

 —

 Shareholders' Equity

 $

 414,520

 1.8

 Common Shares Outstanding

 9,484

 9,460

.3

 Book Value Per Common Share

 $

 43.71

 43.04

 1.6

 BUSINESS. FRP Holdings, Inc. is
a holding company engaged in the real estate business, namely (i) leasing and management of commercial properties owned by the Company,
(ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company, (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and
construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office buildings either alone or through joint ventures, (iv) ownership,
leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures. The Company's operating subsidiaries are FRP Development Corp. and Florida
Rock Properties, Inc.

 STRATEGY. Our strategy consists
of the re-deployment of cash from asset sales, real estate operations, and mining royalties, into new assets that allow management to
exploit its knowledge and expertise. The asset classes of choice are mixed-use, industrial, raw land, existing buildings, and repeatable
strategic partnerships located in core markets with growth potential. Emphasis will be placed on generating returns through opportunistic
disposition, as well as cash-flow and long-term appreciation.

 OBJECTIVE. We strive to improve
shareholder value through (1) active engagement with properties and partners to grow asset value, (2) contributing our operating expertise
and connections to maximize value and NOI growth, and (3) manage our capital structure in an efficient and responsible manner, with a
watchful eye on projected future market conditions and trends to facilitate timely disposition of selected assets, (4) diligent, sustainable
growth.

 To Our Shareholders,

 It is a truth universally acknowledged,
at least in the investment world, that diversification on the company level is unnecessary if not out-and-out a bad thing. The heyday
of the conglomerates like Gulf & Western or GE at its Jack Welch peak, with their hands in multiple assets and industries and global
markets, is over. Investor bias towards asset concentration makes sense on a number of levels: it prevents empire building; it is hard
enough to "get smart" on one industry, let alone a multitude of unrelated industries; investors don't need companies
to diversify for them when they can do it themselves as they see fit. The biggest argument against diversification on the company level
is that it complicates things. Valuing one type of asset is easier than valuing multiple asset types.

 This Company is not simple. Though far
from a conglomerate, we have several business segments in different and unrelated facets of the real estate industry. We have our in-house
projects and a multitude of joint ventures. The investor who knows the apartment business might not want to take the time to get to know
the industrial space and almost certainly has limited exposure to the aggregates business. That surface level complexity and lack of concentration
in one particular asset type is probably off-putting to some investors, especially for a company our size. We are arguably the corporate
version of what Scott Fitzgerald referred to as "that most limited of all specialists—the well-rounded man."

 Our complexity is also part of the heritage
of this Company, and we believe we have made it into an asset. Our mining royalties are the sole reason for this Company's existence
and have been an instrumental component of the cashflow engine that has fueled our debt-free industrial development. We could have sold
our land on the Anacostia River in DC, and deemed multifamily development outside of our focus, and we would have closed the door on owning
some of the best assets in one of the greatest cities in the world. When we sold our industrial portfolio in 2018, we could have solely
concentrated on multi-family projects, and in doing so, we would have written off decades of industrial real estate experience, not to
mention the recent boom in industrial real estate values.

 We are a full-service real estate developer
with expertise and experience in several asset classes at every stage of the development and ownership level. The ability to shift our
capital, focus, and level of exposure between different asset classes is a good thing, and we believe it has served and will continue
to serve this Company and its investors well. To that end, as we announced at our Investor Day in October, we are shifting our development
focus away from multifamily towards industrial. The combination of both the shrinking of margins in the multifamily space because of the
cost of debt and materials, as well as the softening of the DC market as a glut of post-covid projects came on line in the last two years,
has led us to believe we are better off delaying any multifamily projects in that market. We have long-term faith in the DC market, and
our partnership with MRP and the Steuart Investment Company to develop the Steaurt Family parcels is an amazing opportunity, but right
now the timing is wrong. At the same time, despite the cost of materials, the industrial market is still excellent, and we can finance
most of the development in our industrial pipeline on an all-equity basis. This is a perfect example of the benefit of having multiple
asset types in our development strategy.

 Having a multifaceted development strategy
has served the Company well, but, as mentioned previously, it has also tended to muddy the waters for our investors. We are a small company,
but in less than a decade we have shifted from an industrial asset manager with some development, to a developer with some asset management.
Furthermore, we are a JV partner in a multitude of projects, a capital partner, a lender it's a lot, and it has tended to
make our quarterly filings a trip to proverbial firehose for a drink of water. While we have tried to play to our strengths and put our
cash to work, we have done a poor job of making our Company easier to understand. In our effort to grow shareholder value, we have made
it harder for investors to wrap their arms around everything we do. This complexity in a company our size is one reason why we believe
our stock price has never reflected our true net asset value. In theory, we could just keep our heads down and do our jobs and wait for
an efficient market to recognize the fruits of our labor. In reality, we have to be more proactive about explaining what we do, how we
do it, and where we are headed. It is our belief that our development strategy is a strength, maybe our biggest strength. But it also
makes us complex, and unless we want to turn our back on that very strategy, then we have to make it easier for the investing public to
understand us. Our Investor Day in October was a good start. Publishing a quarterly analysis of the estimated value of our assets is another
step in the right direction. We are far from done.

 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL

 In an attempt to further clarify what we
do, we have renamed our "Asset Management" and "Stabilized Joint Venture" segments. Going forward, these will
be our "Industrial and Commercial" and "Multifamily" segments. This change is purely cosmetic and does not shift
assets between segments and requires no restatement of financial results. However, going forward, it does allow us to pursue industrial
joint ventures while still keeping like with like.

 The Industrial and Commercial segment performed
well this year, growing revenues by 45.4% and NOI by 46.2% compared to 2022. These increases are partly the result of rent growth at our
Cranberry Run Business Park, but mostly due to a full year of 100% occupancy of two of our buildings at Hollander Business Park as well
as the addition to this segment in March 2023 of a fully occupied 101,750 square-foot, build-to-suit warehouse at Hollander. The strong
performance of this segment as well as the high demand for industrial product and its resilience to inflation is why we have shifted our
development focus towards industrial for the time being. Industrial is our "bread and butter" and expanding our footprint
will be the main focus of our development strategy for some time.

 MULTIFAMILY

 Our Multifamily business segment had a
mixed year. Dock 79 and the Maren experienced nominal revenue growth of 1.8% with average annual occupancy (94.36%, 95.60%), renewal rates
(68.29%, 53.23%), and increases on renewals (2.80%, 4.21%) in line with historic expectations. There was an expected drop in pro rata
NOI compared to last year, due to the sale of our 20% TIC interest in both buildings to SIC, but total NOI for the buildings is down compared
to last year. Rent growth did not keep pace with rising expenses and as mentioned previously, the DC market is soft right now due to a
significant number of buildings coming online after a Covid bottleneck, as evidenced by trade-outs at the Maren and Dock 79 of 1.90% and
-4.00% respectively. These are still excellent assets in a beautiful area as anyone who came to the Investor Day we held at Dock 79 can
attest to. They are financed interest-only through March 2033 at a rate (3.03%) that now feels like a historical anomaly. But the market,
like the Nationals, isn't where it was before Covid, which is the reason why we're hitting pause on multifamily development
in DC for the time being. And like the market (but maybe not the Nationals), we believe strongly in the long-term future of Dock 79 and
the Maren, but we just need to wait out this ebb in the market and focus on expenses.

 Conversely, we remain excited about Riverside,
our JV with Woodfield Development in Greenville, SC. Riverside was added to this segment in the third quarter of last year after an exceptionally
brief lease-up and had an average annual occupancy of 94.51% with 55.41% of expiring leases renewing with an average increase of 8.46%.
Most importantly, Riverside added $800,000 of pro-rata NOI to this segment in its first full calendar year. We remain bullish about the
Greenville market and look forward to adding.408 Jackson to this segment when it stabilizes in early 2024.

 MINING ROYALTY LANDS

 Mining royalties had a very strong 2023.
Once again, we had our highest revenue year ever in this segment, growing revenues to $12,527,000, a 17.3% improvement over what had previously
been our best revenue year ever in 2022. Part of the reason for this increase was the additional royalties from the acquisition in Astatula,
FL that we completed in the second quarter of 2022, but the bulk of the increase came from increases in revenue at nearly every active
location. We are very fortunate to have the best operators in the aggregates industry for our tenants. Vulcan Materials, our primary tenant,
has been aggressive with their pricing, growing their average sales price at all locations by 15% over 2022, as reported in their third
quarter investor presentation. Martin Marrietta saw a 20% increase in average sales price according to their third quarter call. State
and federal infrastructure spending are expected to continue their upward trend with a 14% increase in total state highway and bridge
capital spending anticipated in 2024 (on top of a 13% increase in 2023). Combined with increases in non-residential construction, demand
in this sector should continue to be strong in 2024, even if interest rates dampen the pace of single-family home construction.

 DEVELOPMENT

 We have a three-part development strategy
which we use to grow our business: 1) In-House Development and Acquisition; 2) Joint Venture Development and Acquisition; and 3) Principal
Capital Source Lending. Since the sale of our legacy industrial assets in 2018, this three-pronged strategy is how we have gone about
putting our cash to work. Our In-House strategy includes our industrial, commercial, and land development platform. These properties are
acquired,

 developed, and managed 100% by FRP and
transferred from Development to the Industrial and Commercial segment when construction is completed and the building has its certificate
of occupancy. As stated previously, industrial development through in-house projects as well as JV's is the current focus of our
development strategy. We have three in-house projects in our industrial pipeline in various stages of development which will eventually
join and drive NOI growth in the Industrial and Commercial segment. During the second quarter of 2023, we broke ground on a 259,000 square-foot
building on our 17-acre parcel in Harford County, MD. We expect shell completion on this building in the third quarter of 2024. In North
East, MD, along the I-95 corridor, we are in the middle of pre-development activities on 170 acres of industrial land that will ultimately
support a 900,000 square-foot distribution center. We would be reluctant to build something this size as a spec building, but we will
be in a position to break ground as early as the fourth quarter of 2024 and would move forward on the project with an institutional capital
partner or take it on ourselves as a build-to-suit. Finally, we are studying multiple conceptual designs for our 55-acre tract in Harford
County, MD adjacent to the Cranberry Run Business Park. Our various configurations should yield from 600,000 to 700,000 square feet dependent
on final design parameters and market demands.

 Completion of these three industrial development
projects will add over 1.8 million square feet of additional warehouse product to our Industrial and Commercial business segment as well
as meaningfully increase this segment's NOI once these assets are all fully stabilized.

 Our Joint Venture development and acquisition
strategy focuses on projects developed in conjunction with outside partners, where FRP is typically the majority owner through an equity
contribution in the form of land we already own, capital, or a combination of the two. We seek out developers with expertise in a particular
market or asset class, who will handle day-to-day operations, but will also share in acquisition, development, and asset management costs.
The lion's share of assets within our development segment are part of our joint-venture strategy. These include our opportunity
zone investments in The Verge and Bryant Street in Washington, DC and.408 Jackson in Greenville, SC. All three of these assets are close
to stabilization (90% occupancy for 90 days) and will join the Multifamily segment in 2024, adding 1,058 units to this segment. The Company
is also in the process of pursuing its first industrial joint ventures. We believe this is the best way to start expanding beyond our
traditional footprint into industrial markets that meet all our development criteria (high barriers to entry, employment/population growth,
transportation infrastructure, etc.) that we wouldn't have the bandwidth to develop ourselves.

 The third prong of our development strategy
is Principal Capital Lending. The chief component of this strategy has been what you've heard us refer to as "Lending Ventures."
It is a program where we lend the capital to a developer to use toward the entitlement and horizontal development of residential land.
This land is pre-sold prior to commencement of any infrastructure improvements, and ultimately transferred to national homebuilders. On
top of the interest accumulated, we then share in the profits from the lot sales. We have two current lending venture projects in various
stages of development. The first is a project called Amber Ridge in Prince George's County, MD. All 187 units have been sold and
we received $20.2 in preferred interest and principal on $18 million in principal draws. The second is called Aberdeen Overlook, a 344
lot 110-acre residential development project in Aberdeen, MD. We have committed $31.1 million in funding under similar terms as Amber
Ridge (10% interest rate, 20% preferred return, split of proceeds beyond 20%). A national homebuilder is under contract to purchase all
of the finished building lots which will include 222 townhomes and 122 single family dwellings. Horizontal construction has begun, and
the first 11 lots were purchased prior to year end. This development strategy has been incredibly useful as a way to put money to work
at attractive rates of return during a time when we had more cash than projects in which to put the cash to use.

 Since the asset sale in 2018, we have used
our development strategy to put over $300 million of equity capital to work in a multitude of projects and asset classes (plus another
$30 million of share repurchases). In so doing, we have grown our pro-rata NOI from $13.6 million at the end of 2018 to $30.2 million
in 2023 for a compound annual growth rate of 17.3%. That kind of growth was only possible because we were a small, nimble company with
an entrepreneurial attitude towards putting capital to work. As mentioned before, that kind of growth also made us incredibly complex
to shareholders in a way I'm not sure management fully appreciated. We don't want to let the tail wag the dog and stifle growth
opportunities for fear that they may further complicate us, but this Company must and will make it a priority to bring our investor relations
to the level of the kind of Company we want to be.

 In the twelve months since this letter
last reached you, unemployment remains low and yet we have started to see inflation cool, the economy continues to grow at a healthy clip,
interest rates appear stable, and the elusive soft landing

 now seems like a real possibility. We will
always maintain a healthy capital cushion, but we feel very comfortable putting a meaningful amount of our cash to work in our current
development strategy. This Company—your Company—has come a very long way in the last five years, and as exciting as that was,
we sincerely believe we are just getting started.

 Respectfully yours,

 John D. Baker II

 C.E.O. and Executive Chairman

 FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 Certain matters discussed in this report
contain forward-looking statements, including without limitation relating to the Company's plans, strategies, objectives, expectations,
intentions, capital expenditures, future liquidity, and plans and timetables for completion of pending development projects. The words
or phrases "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "budget," "continue," "could,"
"intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "seek," "should,"
"will," "would," "expect," "objective," "projection," "forecast,"
"goal," "guidance," "outlook," "effort," "target" and similar expressions
identify forward-looking statements. The following factors and others discussed in the Company's periodic reports and filings with
the Securities and Exchange Commission are among the principal factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking
statements: levels of construction activity in the markets served by our mining properties; risk insurance markets; availability and terms
of financing; competition; interest rates, inflation and general economic conditions; demand for industrial and commercial facilities
in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C., Richmond, Virginia and Greenville, SC; and
ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property development. However, this list is not a complete statement of all potential
risks or uncertainties.

 These forward-looking statements are made
as of the date hereof based on management's current expectations, and the Company does not undertake an obligation to update such
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional information regarding these and other risk
factors may be found in the Company's other filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 OPERATING PROPERTIES

 The Company owns (predominately in fee simple but
also through ownership of interests in joint ventures) approximately 21,000 acres of land in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, South
Carolina, and the District of Columbia. This land is generally held by the Company in four distinct segments: (i) Industrial and Commercial
Segment (land owned and operated as income producing rental properties in the form of commercial properties), (ii) Mining Royalty Lands
Segment (land owned and leased to mining companies for royalties or rents), (iii) Development Segment (land owned or joint ventures held
for investment to be further developed for future income production or sales to third parties), and (iv) Multifamily Segment (ownership,
leasing and management of buildings through joint ventures).

 Industrial and Commercial Segment. As of December
31, 2023, the Industrial and Commercial Segment includes nine buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple
as follows:

 1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County,
MD consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 90.8% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for
use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

 2) 155 E. 21 st Street in Duval County,
FL was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on
the property during 2018.

 3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Harford County,
MD consists of five industrial buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 92.1% occupied and 92.1% leased. The property is subject
to commercial leases with various tenants.

 4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, MD
consists of three industrial totaling 247,340 square feet that are 100.0% leased and 100.0% occupied.

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment – Mining Properties.
The Company owns a fee simple interest in 14 open pit aggregates quarries located in Florida, Georgia and Virginia, which comprise approximately
16,650 total acres. The Company's quarries are subject to mining leases with various tenants, including Vulcan Materials, Martin
Marietta, Cemex, Argos, and The Concrete Company. Aggregates consist of crushed stone, sand, gravel, fill dirt, limestone and calcium
and are used primarily in construction applications.

 Nine of the Company's quarries (located in Grandin,
FL, Fort Myers, FL, Keuka, FL, Newberry, FL, Astatula, FL, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Tyrone, GA, and Manassas, VA; totaling 13,876 acres)
are currently being mined, and five of the Company's quarries (located in Marion County, FL, Lake Louisa, FL, Astatula, FL, Lake
Sand, FL and Forest

 Park, GA; totaling 2,778
acres) are leased but are not currently being mined. Our typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company a royalty based on
the number of tons of mined materials sold from our mining property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average
annual sales price per ton sold. In certain locations, typically where the sand and stone deposits on the property have been depleted
but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. In the fiscal years ended December 31,
2023, 2022 and 2021, aggregate tons sold with respect to the Company's mining properties were approximately 9,569,000, 9,525,000
and 7,575,000, respectively.

 In May 2014, the Company entered into an amendment
to our lease with Vulcan for our Fort Myers location requiring that the mining be accelerated and that the mining plan be conformed to
accommodate the future construction of up to 105 residential dwelling units around the mined lakes. In return, the Company granted Lee
County an option to purchase a right of way for a connector road that would benefit the residential area on our property and to place
a conservation easement on part of the property, which the County exercised in 2020. Mining activity commenced in 2017 following Lee County's
issuance of a mine operating permit allowing Vulcan to begin production.

 In November 2017, Lake County commissioners voted
to approve a permit to Cemex to mine the Company's land in Lake Louisa, Florida. The county issued the permit in July 2019. Cemex
expects to begin mining after completing the work necessary to prepare this site to become an active sand mine.

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Brooksville Joint
Venture. In 2006, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Vulcan Materials Company to jointly own
and develop approximately 4,280 acres of land near Brooksville, Florida as a mixed-use community. In April 2011, the Florida Department
of Community Affairs issued its final order approving the development of the project consisting of 5,800 residential dwelling units and
over 600,000 square feet of commercial and 850,000 of light industrial uses. Zoning for the project was approved by the County in August
2012. Vulcan Materials still mines on the property and the Company receives 100% of the royalty on all tons sold at the Brooksville property.
In 2023, 259,000 tons were sold.

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment - Other Properties.
The segment also owns an additional 36 acres of investment property in Brooksville, Florida.

 Development Segment – Industrial and Commercial
Land.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment owned the following
future development parcels:

 1)
 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located
at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, MD.

 2)
 17 acres of land in Harford County, MD with a 259,200 square feet speculative warehouse project on Chelsea
Road under construction due to be complete in the third quarter of 2024.

 3)
 170 acres of land Cecil County, MD that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

 Development Segment – Land Held for Development
or Sale.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment was invested in
the following development parcels:

 1)
 Riverfront on the Anacostia: The Riverfront on the Anacostia property is a 5.8-acre parcel of real estate
in Washington, D.C. that fronts the Anacostia River and is adjacent to the Washington Nationals Baseball Park. A revised Planned Unit
Development (PUD) plan was approved in 2012 and permits the Company to develop, in four phases, a four-building, mixed-use project, containing
approximately 1,161,050 square feet. The approved development includes numerous publicly accessible open spaces and a waterfront esplanade
along the Anacostia River. The first phase (now known as Dock 79), which was completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty, and which
consisted of a single building with residential and retail uses, became our fourth business segment in July 2017, now known as the Multifamily
Segment. The second phase (now known as The Maren), also completed through a joint venture with MRP Realty and consists of a single building
with residential and retail uses, was added to the Multifamily Segment effective March 31, 2021. The final two phases, Phase 3 and Phase
4 remain under a first-stage PUD approval expiring March 30, 2025, permitting 571,671 square feet of development.

 2)
 Hampstead Trade Center: The Hampstead Trade Center property in Carroll County, MD is a 118-acre parcel
located adjacent to the State Route 30 bypass. The parcel was previously zoned for industrial use, but our request for rezoning for residential
use was approved in December 2018. Management believes this to be a higher and better use of the property. We are fully engaged in the
formal process of seeking PUD entitlements for this tract, which is now known as "Hampstead Overlook".

 3)
 Bryant Street: On December 24, 2018 the Company and MRP Realty formed four partnerships to purchase and
develop approximately five acres of land at 500 Rhode Island Ave NE, Washington, D.C. This property is the first phase of the Bryant Street
Master Plan. The property is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities development program as
established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This first phase is a mixed-use development which supports 487 residential
units and 91,607 square feet of first floor and stand-alone retail on approximately five acres of the roughly 12-acre site. Construction
is complete and leasing efforts are nearing completion.

 4)
 The Verge: On December 20, 2019 the Company and MRP formed a joint venture to acquire and develop a mixed-use
project located at 1800 Half Street, Washington, D.C. This property is located in the Buzzard Point area of Washington, DC, less than
half a mile downriver from Dock 79 and The Maren. It lies directly between our two acres on the Anacostia currently under lease by Vulcan
and Audi Field, the home stadium of the DC United. The project is located in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new
communities' development program as established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The eleven-story structure has
344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail. Construction is complete and leasing is under way. Lease-up is underway and
at December 31, 2023, the building was 90.7% leased and 85.8% occupied inclusive of 25 units licensed to Placemakr Management for a short-term
corporate rental program.

 5)
 Square 664E: The Company's Square 664E property is approximately two acres situated on the Anacostia
River at the base of South Capitol Street less than half a mile down river from our Riverfront on the Anacostia property. This property
is currently under lease to Vulcan Materials for use as a concrete batch plant through 2026. In March 2017, reconstruction of the bulkhead
was completed at a cost of $4.2 million in anticipation of future high-rise development.

 6)
.408 Jackson: In December 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture with a new partner, Woodfield
Development, for the acquisition and development of a mixed-use project known as ".408 Jackson" in Greenville, SC. Woodfield
specializes in Class-A multifamily, mixed-use developments primarily in the Carolinas and DC. The project is located across the street
from Greenville's minor league baseball stadium and holds 227 multifamily units and 4,539 square feet of retail space. It is located
in an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities' development program as established by Congress in the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The temporary certificate of occupancy was received in December 2022. Leasing began in the fourth quarter
of 2022 with residential units 95.2% leased and 93.4% occupied at quarter end. Retail at this location is 100% leased. The Company owns
40% of the development.

 7)
 Windlass Run: In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with St. Johns Properties Inc., a Baltimore
development company, to jointly develop the remaining lands of our Windlass Run Business Park, located in Middle River, MD, into a multi-building
business park consisting of approximately 329,000 square feet of single-story office space. The project will take place in several phases.
Construction of the first phase, which includes two office buildings and two retail buildings totaling 100,030-square-feet, commenced
in the fourth quarter of 2017 and was completed in January 2019. At December 31, 2023 Phase I was 73.4% leased and 62.8% occupied, the
subsequent phases will follow as each phase is stabilized.

 8)
 Estero: In August 2022, the Company invested $3.6 million for a 16% interest in a joint venture with Woodfield
Development to purchase and develop 46 acres in Estero, FL into a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of
commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel. While the joint venture attempts to rezone the property,
the Company will receive a preferred return of 8% with an option to roll its investment into equity in the vertical development or exit
at that point.

 9)
 Buzzard Point: In November 2022, the Company entered into a contribution agreement with MRP and Steuart
Investment Company (SIC) regarding potential development of an estimated 1,200 multifamily units in four

 phases on land owned by SIC. The Company
entered into a separate agreement with MRP to perform pre-development obligations for the contribution agreement. The company owns 50%
of the partnership with MRP.

 10)
 Woven: In August 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Woodfield Development for the acquisition
and development of a mixed-use project known as "Woven" in Greenville, SC, to consist of an estimated 214 multifamily units
and 10,000 square feet of retail space. The joint venture is in the pre-development and pre-closing phase in pursuit of vertical construction
closing conditions. The Company owns 50% at this time with final ownership to be determined based upon contributions by the partners,
land contributors, and other investors.

 Multifamily Segment.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment was invested in
the following stabilized multifamily joint ventures:

 1)
 Dock 79: In 2014, approximately 2.1 acres (Phase I) of the total 5.8-acres
was contributed to a joint venture owned by the Company (77%) and our partner, MRP Realty (23%), and construction commenced in October
2014 on a 305-unit residential apartment building with approximately 14,430 square feet of first floor retail space. Lease-up commenced
in May 2016 and rent stabilization of the residential units of 90% occupied was achieved in the third quarter of 2017. The attainment
of stabilization resulted in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the
Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, beginning July 1, 2017, the Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value based
on a third-party opinion), liabilities and operating results of the joint venture. This consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement
of investment in real estate partnership of $60,196,000 of which $20,469,000 was attributed to the noncontrolling interest. The Company
used the fair value amount to calculate adjusted ownership under the Conversion election. As such for financial reporting purposes effective
July 1, 2017 the Company ownership is based upon this substantive profit-sharing arrangement and is 66.0% on a prospective basis. During
fourth quarter 2022, as part of our new partnership with SIC and MRP, we sold a 20% interest in a tenancy-in-common of Dock 79 where FRP
Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with a 52.8% ownership.

 2)
 The Maren: On May 4, 2018, the Company and MRP Realty formed a Joint Venture to develop the second phase
only of the four-phase master development known as Riverfront on the Anacostia in Washington, D.C. The purpose of the Joint Venture is
to develop and own a 250,000-square-foot mixed-use development which supports 264 residential units and 6,758 square feet of retail. Lease-up
commenced in March 2020 and rent stabilization of the residential units of 90% occupied was achieved in March 2021. Reaching stabilization
results in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the
primary beneficiary. As such, beginning March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating
results of the joint venture. This consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership of $51,139,000
of which $13,965,000 was attributed to the noncontrolling interest. In accordance with the terms of the Joint Venture agreements, the
Company used the fair value amount at date of conversion and calculated an adjusted ownership under the Conversion election. As such for
financial reporting purposes effective March 31, 2021 the Company ownership is based upon this substantive profit-sharing arrangement
and is 70.41% on a prospective basis as agreed to by FRP and MRP. During fourth quarter 2022, as part of our new partnership with SIC
and MRP, we sold a 20% interest in a tenancy-in-common of The Maren where FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with a 56.3% ownership.

 3)
 Riverside: On December 23, 2019 the Company and Woodfield formed a joint
venture to develop a 200-unit residential apartment project located at 1430 Hampton Avenue, Greenville, SC. The project is located in
an Opportunity Zone, which provides tax benefits in the new communities' development program as established by Congress in the Tax
Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The Company contributed $6.2 million in exchange for a 40% ownership in the joint venture.

 Five Year Summary

 (Amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

 2023

 2022

 2021

 2020

 2019

 Summary of Operations:

 $

 31,220

 23,583

 23,756

 $

 7,996

 2,274

 5,134

 5,756

 $

 4,315

 3,045

 2,304

 1,100

 1,054

 Income from continuing operations

 $

 4,882

 4,047

 11,722

 8,822

 Per Common Share:

 Basic

 $

 0.52

 0.44

 4.29

 1.22

 0.89

 $

 0.52

 0.43

 4.27

 1.22

 0.89

 Income from discontinued operations, net

 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 6,856

 Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest

 $

 (420

)

 (518

)

 11,879

 (993

)

 (499

)

 $

 5,302

 4,565

 12,715

 16,177

 Per Common Share:

 Basic

 $

 0.56

 0.49

 3.02

 1.33

 1.64

 $

 0.56

 0.48

 3.00

 1.32

 1.63

 Financial Summary:

 Property and equipment, net

 $

 367,320

 367,158

 350,665

 203,140

 202,187

 Total assets

 $

 678,190

 536,360

 538,148

 Long-term debt

 $

 178,409

 89,964

 88,925

 Shareholders' equity

 $

 414,520

 396,423

 367,654

 374,888

 Net Book Value per common share

 $

 43.71

 43.04

 42.12

 39.26

 38.19

 Other Data:

 Weighted average common shares - basic

 9,420

 9,386

 9,355

 9,580

 9,883

 Weighted average common shares - diluted

 9,461

 9,435

 9,397

 9,609

 9,926

 Number of employees

 Shareholders of record

 Quarterly Results (unaudited)

 (Dollars in thousands except per share
amounts)

 For the Quarter Ended

 March 31,

 June 30,

 September 30,

 2023

 2023

 2023

 2023

 Total Fiscal Year 2023

 $

 10,114

 10,696

 10,591

 10,105

 $

 2,854

 2,767

 2,896

 3,183

 Income from continuing operations

 $

 1,099

 2,885

 4,882

 $

 1,259

 2,880

 5,302

 Earnings per common share (a):

 Net income attributable to the Company-

 Basic

 $

 0.06

 0.06

 0.13

 0.31

 0.56

 $

 0.06

 0.06

 0.13

 0.30

 0.56

 Market price per common share (b):

 High

 $

 58.99

 61.03

 58.68

 64.68

 64.68

 Low

 $

 53.77

 52.81

 53.97

 53.19

 52.81

 For the Quarter Ended

 March 31,

 June 30,

 September 30,

 2022

 2022

 2022

 2022

 Total Fiscal Year 2022

 $

 8,707

 9,628

 9,294

 9,852

 $

 1,364

 2,066

 1,849

 2,717

 7,996

 Income from continuing operations

 $

 2,677

 4,047

 $

 2,756

 4,565

 Earnings per common share (a):

 Net income attributable to the Company-

 Basic

 $

 0.07

 0.07

 0.05

 0.29

 0.49

 $

 0.07

 0.07

 0.05

 0.29

 0.48

 Market price per common share (b):

 High

 $

 59.52

 61.30

 62.57

 61.81

 62.57

 Low

 $

 54.55

 54.92

 53.24

 53.50

 53.24

 (a) Earnings per share of common stock is computed
independently for each quarter presented. The sum of the quarterly net earnings per share of common stock for a year may not equal the
total for the year due to rounding differences.

 (b) All prices represent high and low daily
closing prices as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market.

 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

 The following discussion includes a non-GAAP financial
measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission to supplement the financial results as
reported in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measure discussed is pro-rata net operating income (NOI). The Company uses this
metric to analyze its continuing operations and to monitor, assess, and identify meaningful trends in its operating and financial performance.
This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Refer to "Non-GAAP Financial Measure"
below in this annual report for a more detailed discussion, including reconciliations of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly
comparable GAAP financial measure.

 Executive Overview

 FRP Holdings, Inc. ("FRP" or the "Company")
is a real estate development, asset management and operating company businesses. Our properties are located in the Mid-Atlantic and southeastern
United States and consist of:

 Mining royalty lands, some of
which will have second lives as development properties;

 Residential apartments in Washington,
D.C. and Greenville, SC;

 Warehouse or office properties
in Maryland either existing or under development;

 Mixed-use properties under development
in Washington, D.C. or Greenville, SC; and

 Properties held for sale.

 We believe our present capital structure, liquidity
and land provide us with years of opportunities to increase recurring revenue and long-term value for our shareholders. We intend to focus
on our core business activity of real estate development, asset management and operations. We are developing a broad range of asset types
that we believe will provide acceptable rates of return, grow recurring revenues and support future business. Capital commitments will
be funded with cash proceeds from completed projects, existing cash, owned-land, partner capital and financing arrangements. We do not
anticipate immediate benefits from investments. Timing of projects may be subject to delays caused by factors beyond our control.

 Reportable Segments

 We conduct all of our business in the following four
reportable segments: (1) industrial and commercial (2) mining royalty lands (3) development and (4) multifamily. For more
information regarding our reportable segments, see Note 10. Business Segments of our consolidated financial statements included
in this annual report.

 Highlights of 2023.

 24.8% increase in pro-rata NOI ($30.24 million vs $24.23 million)

 Mining Royalties revenues increased 17.3%; 17% increase in royalties per
ton

 45.4% increase in Industrial and Commercial revenue; 46.2% increase in Industrial
and Commercial NOI

 Industrial and Commercial Segment.

 The Industrial and Commercial segment owns, leases
and manages commercial properties. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, lease management fees and
reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company's industrial warehouses typically lease for terms ranging from 3 –
10 years often with one or two renewal

 options. All base rent revenue is recognized
on a straight-lined basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net and common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed
monthly, and insurance and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service
therefore there is no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis. The major cash outlays incurred in
this segment are for operating expenses, real estate taxes, building repairs, lease commissions and other lease closing costs, construction
of tenant improvements, capital to acquire existing operating buildings and closing costs related thereto and personnel costs of our property
management team.

 As of December 31, 2023, the Industrial and Commercial
Segment includes nine buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows:

 1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County,
MD consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 90.8% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for
use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants.

 2) 155 E. 21 st Street in Duval County,
FL was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on
the property during 2018.

 3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Harford County,
MD consists of five industrial buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 92.1% occupied and 92.1% leased. The property is subject
to commercial leases with various tenants.

 4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, MD
consists of three industrial buildings totaling 247,340 square feet that are 100.0% leased and 100.0% occupied.

 Management focuses on several factors to measure our
success on a comparative basis in this segment. The major factors we focus on are (1) net operating income growth, (2) growth in occupancy,
(3) average annual occupancy rate (defined as the occupied square feet at the end of each month during a fiscal year divided by the number
of months to date in that fiscal year as a percentage of the average number of square feet in the portfolio over that same time period),
(4) tenant retention success rate (as a percentage of total square feet to be renewed), (5) building and refurbishing assets to meet Class
A and Class B institutional grade classifications, and (6) reducing complexities and deferred capital expenditures to maximize sale price.

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment.

 Our Mining Royalty Lands segment owns several properties
comprising approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (excluding the 4,280 acres owned by our Brooksville
joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia. The
Company leases land under long-term leases that grant the lessee the right to mine and sell sand and stone deposits from our property
in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease has an option to extend the lease for additional terms. The typical lease in this segment
requires the tenant to pay us a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our property during a given fiscal year
multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. As a result of this royalty payment structure, we do not bear
the cost risks associated with the mining operations, however, we are subject to the cyclical nature of the construction markets in these
states as both volumes and prices tend to fluctuate through those cycles. In certain locations, typically where the sand and stone deposits
on our property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. We
believe strongly in the potential for future growth in construction in Florida, Georgia, and Virginia which would positively benefit our
profitability in this segment. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, a total of 9.6 million tons were mined.

 The major expenses in this segment are comprised of
collection and accounting for royalties, management's oversight of the mining leases, land entitlement for post-mining uses and
property taxes at our non-leased locations and at our Grandin location which, unlike our other leased mining locations, are not entirely
paid by the tenant. As such, our costs in this business are very low as a percentage of revenue, are relatively stable and are not affected
by increases in production at our locations. Our current mining tenants are Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos and The Concrete
Company.

 Additionally, these locations provide us with opportunities
for valuable "second lives" for these assets through proper land planning and entitlement.

 Significant "2 nd life" Mining
Lands:

 Location

 Acreage

 Status

 Brooksville, FL

 4,280 +/-

 Development of Regional of Impact and County Land Use and Master Zoning in place for 5,800 residential unit, mixed-use development

 Ft. Myers, FL

 1,907 +/-

 Approval in place for 105, one-acre, waterfront residential lots after mining completed.

 Total

 6,187 +/-

 Development Segment.

 Through our Development segment, we own and are continuously
monitoring for their "highest and best use" several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall
strategy in this segment is to convert all our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing
new commercial and residential buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally,
our Development segment will purchase or form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

 Revenues in this segment are generated predominately
from land sales and interim property rents. The significant cash outlays incurred in this segment are for land acquisition costs, entitlement
costs, property taxes, design and permitting, the personnel costs of our in-house management team and horizontal and vertical construction
costs.

 Development Segment – Industrial and Commercial
Land.

 At December 31, 2023, this segment owned the following
future development parcels:

 1)
 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting over 690,000 square feet of industrial product located
at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, MD.

 2)
 17 acres of land in Harford County, MD that can accommodate 259,200 square foot speculative warehouse
project on Chelsea Road under construction due to be complete in the third quarter of 2024.

 3)
 170 acres of land in Cecil County, MD that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development.

 We also have three properties that were either spun-off
to us from Florida Rock Industries in 1986 or acquired by us from unrelated third parties. These properties, as a result of our "highest
and best use" studies, are being prepared for income generation through sale or joint venture with third parties, and in certain
cases we are leasing these properties on an interim basis for an income stream while we wait for the development market to mature.

 Development Segment - Significant Investment Lands
Inventory:

 Location

 Approx. Acreage

 Status

 NBV

 Riverfront on the Anacostia Phases III-IV

 2.5

 Conceptual design program ongoing

 $6,792,000

 Hampstead Trade Center, MD

 Zoning applied for in preparation for sale

 $10,671,000

 Square 664E, on the Anacostia River in DC

 Under lease to Vulcan Materials as a concrete batch plant through 2026

 $7,355,000

 Total

 122.5

 $24,818,000

 Development Segment - Investments in Joint Ventures

 The third leg of our Development Segment consists
of investments in joint venture for properties in development. The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real
estate developers which are summarized below:

 Property

 JV Partner

 Status

 % Ownership

 Brooksville Quarry, LLC near Brooksville, FL

 Vulcan Materials Company

 Future planned residential development of 3,500 acres which are currently subject to mining lease

 50%

 BC FRP Realty, LLC for 35 acres in Maryland

 St John Properties

 Development of 329,000 square feet multi-building business park in progress

 50%

 Bryant Street Partnerships for five acres of land in Washington, D.C.

 MRP Realty

 Mixed-use development with 487 residential units and 91,607 square feet of retail

 61.36%

 Aberdeen Overlook residential development in Harford County, MD

 $31.1 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale

 Financing

 Amber Ridge residential development in Prince George's County, MD

 $18.5 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale

 Financing

 The Verge at 1800 Half Street property in Buzzard Point area of Washington, D.C.

 MRP Realty

 Eleven-story structure with 344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail currently underway with lease-up

 61.37%

.408 Jackson property in Greenville, SC

 Woodfield Development

 Mixed-use project with 227 multifamily units and 4,539 square feet of retail space currently underway with lease-up

 40%

 Estero

 Woodfield Development

 Pre-development activities for a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel

 16%

 FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC

 MRP Realty

 Pre-development activities for phase one of property owned by Steuart Investment Company (SIC) under a Contribution and Pre-Development Agreement between this partnership and SIC

 50%

 Woven property in Greensville, SC

 Woodfield Development

 Pre-development activities for a mixed-use project with approximately 214 multifamily units and 10,000 square feet of retail space

 50%

 Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary
(including those in the Multifamily Segment) are reflected in the line "Investment in joint ventures" on the balance sheet
and "Equity in loss of joint ventures" on the income statement. The following table summarizes the Company's investments
in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

 The

 Company's

 Share of Profit

 Common

 Total

 Total Assets of

 Profit (Loss)

 (Loss) of the

 Ownership

 Investment

 The Partnership

 Of the Partnership

 Partnership (1)

 Brooksville Quarry, LLC

 50.00

 %

 $

 7,552

 (82

)

 (41

)

 BC FRP Realty, LLC

 50.00

 %

 5,039

 (632

)

 (316

)

 Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC

 50.00

 %

 2,326

 4,652

 —

 —

 Bryant Street Partnerships

 61.36

 %

 71,786

 (10,296

)

 (4,558

)

 Lending ventures

 27,695

 —

 —

 Estero Partnership

 16.00

 %

 3,600

 —

 —

 Verge Partnership

 61.37

 %

 36,665

 (9,039

)

 (5,547

)

 Greenville Partnerships

 40.00

 %

 11,403

 (3,687

)

 (1,475

)

 Total

 $

 166,066

 (23,736

)

 (11,937

)

 The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity
of the Company's Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023, are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

 Buzzard Point

 Estero

 Verge

 Total

 Sponsor, LLC

 $

 187,616

 35,576

 128,154

 95,911

 $

 447,257

 7,543

 3,076

 1,323

 2,000

 13,942

 6,737

 7,267

 4,652

 5,868

 $

 4,652

 $

 $

 107,084

 16,000

 72,691

 66,434

 $

 262,209

 3,129

 1,344

 3,867

 8,340

 2,326

 69,779

 3,600

 34,391

 10,450

 120,546

 Capital – Third Parties

 2,326

 22,642

 19,052

 21,747

 17,472

 83,239

 $

 4,652

 $

 Brooksville

 BC FRP

 Lending

 Total

 Grand

 Quarry, LLC

 Realty, LLC

 Ventures

 Total

 $

 14,358

 21,503

 447,257

 $

 500,235

 13,942

 14,149

 7,267

 7,731

 5,868

 6,229

 $

 $

 $

 12,086

 (10,578

)

 262,209

 $

 263,717

 8,340

 8,742

 7,552

 4,983

 27,695

 120,546

 160,776

 Capital - Third Parties

 6,887

 4,983

 83,239

 95,109

 $

 $

 Multifamily Segment.

 At year end, the segment included three stabilized
multifamily joint ventures which own, lease and manage buildings. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments,
and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company's residential spaces generally lease for 12 – 15-month lease
terms and 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal. If no notice to move out
or renew is made,

 then the leases go to month-to-month until notification
of termination or renewal is received. Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. From March 2020 through the end of 2021,
we were prohibited from increasing rent on renewals by emergency measures in Washington, DC designed to ease the burden of the pandemic
on its citizens. These measures expired at the end of 2021. The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use properties. The
retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another five years. Retail leases at these properties also
include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by each individual lease. All
base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for property taxes, full
service maintenance, property management, utilities and marketing. The three multifamily properties are as follows:

 Property and Occupancy

 JV Partner

 Method of Accounting

 % Ownership

 Dock 79 apartments Washington, D.C.

 305 apartment units and 14,430 square feet of retail

 MRP Realty/SIC

 Consolidated

 52.8%

 The Maren apartments Washington, D.C. 264 residential units and 6,811 square feet of retail

 MRP Realty/SIC

 Consolidated as of March 31, 2021

 56.33%

 Riverside apartments 1430 Hampton Avenue, Greenville, SC

 Woodfield Development

 Equity Method

 40%

 COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 Consolidated Results

 Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 %

 $

 28,979

 $

 26,798

 $

 2,181

 8.1

 %

 Mining royalty revenue

 12,527

 10,683

 1,844

 17.3

 %

 4,025

 10.7

 %

 Depreciation/Depletion/Amortization

 10,821

 (396

)

 -3.5

 %

 Operating Expenses

 7,364

 7,065

 4.2

 %

 Property Taxes

 3,650

 4,125

 (475

)

 -11.5

 %

 Management Company indirect

 3,969

 3,416

 16.2

 %

 Corporate Expense

 4,002

 3,662

 9.3

 %

 29,806

 29,485

 1.1

 %

 Total operating profit

 7,996

 3,704

 46.3

 %

 Net investment income

 10,897

 5,473

 5,424

 99.1

 %

 Interest Expense

 (4,315

)

 (3,045

)

 (1,270

)

 41.7

 %

 Equity in loss of joint ventures

 (11,937

)

 (5,721

)

 (6,216

)

 108.7

 %

 Gain on sale of real estate and other income

 (821

)

 -93.9

 %

 Income before income taxes

 6,398

 5,577

 14.7

 %

 Provision for income taxes

 1,516

 1,530

 (14

)

 -0.9

 %

 4,882

 4,047

 20.6

 %

 Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

 (420

)

 (518

)

 -18.9

 %

 $

 5,302

 $

 4,565

 $

 16.1

 %

 Net income for 2023 was $5,302,000 or $.56 per share
versus $4,565,000 or $.48 per share in the same period last year. The calendar year 2023 was impacted by the following items:

 Operating profit increased $3,704,000 compared to
the same period last year due to improved revenues and profits in all four segments.

 Management company indirect increased $553,000 due
to merit increases and new hires along with recruiting costs.

 Interest income increased $5,424,000 primarily due
to an increase in interest earned on cash equivalents ($4,307,000) and increased income from our lending ventures ($1,202,000).

 Interest expense increased $1,270,000 compared to
the same period last year due to less capitalized interest. We capitalized less interest because of fewer in-house and joint venture projects
under development compared to last year.

 Equity in loss of Joint Ventures increased $6,216,000
primarily due to increased losses during lease up at The Verge ($4,418,000) and.408 Jackson ($799,000), a gain on the sale of DST Hickory
Creek ($2,832,000) last year mitigated by a gain of $1,886,000 on our guarantee liability for the refinanced Bryant Street loan.

 Calendar year 2022 included an $874,000 gain on sales
of excess property at Brooksville.

 Industrial and Commercial Segment Results

 Twelve months ended December 31

 2023

 %

 2022

 %

 %

 $

 5,354

 100.0

 %

 3,681

 100.0

 %

 1,673

 45.4

 %

 1,374

 25.7

 %

 24.6

 %

 51.5

 %

 12.2

 %

 15.4

 %

 15.0

 %

 4.6

 %

 5.7

 %

 17.1

 %

 9.9

 %

 11.0

 %

 31.3

 %

 Corporate expense

 14.7

 %

 17.2

 %

 24.5

 %

 Cost of operations

 3,590

 67.1

 %

 2,721

 73.9

 %

 31.9

 %

 $

 1,764

 32.9

 %

 26.1

 %

 83.8

 %

 Total revenues in this segment were $5,354,000, up
$1,673,000 or 45.4%, over the same period last year. Operating profit was $1,764,000, up $804,000 from $960,000 in the same period last
year. Revenues and operating profit are up partly because of rent growth at Cranberry Run, but primarily because of full occupancy at
1865 and 1841 62 nd Street and the addition of 1941 62 nd Street to this segment in March 2023. Net operating income
in this segment was $3,898,000, up $1,232,000 or 46.2% compared to the same period last year.

 Mining Royalty Lands Segment Results

 Twelve months ended December 31

 2023

 %

 2022

 %

 %

 Mining royalty revenue

 $

 12,527

 100.0

 %

 10,683

 100.0

 %

 1,844

 17.3

 %

 4.0

 %

 5.5

 %

 (89

)

 -15.2

 %

 0.5

 %

 0.6

 %

 1.5

 %

 3.4

 %

 2.5

 %

 63.4

 %

 4.2

 %

 4.3

 %

 13.4

 %

 Corporate expense

 3.6

 %

 3.9

 %

 8.5

 %

 Cost of operations

 1,967

 15.7

 %

 1,792

 16.8

 %

 9.8

 %

 $

 10,560

 84.3

 %

 8,891

 83.2

 %

 1,669

 18.8

 %

 Total revenues in this segment were $12,527,000 versus
$10,683,000 in the same period last year. Total operating profit in this segment was $10,560,000, an increase of $1,669,000 versus $8,891,000
in the same period last year. This increase is the result of the additional royalties from the acquisition in Astatula, FL, which we completed
at the beginning of the

 second quarter 2022, as well as increases in revenue
at nearly every active location. Net Operating Income in this segment was $11,720,000, up $1,568,000 or 15.4% compared to the same period
last year.

 Development Segment Results

 Twelve months ended December 31

 2023

 2022

 $

 1,801

 1,674

 (7

)

 (314

)

 1,425

 (681

)

 2,471

 2,179

 Corporate expense

 2,387

 2,284

 Cost of operations

 6,142

 6,749

 (607

)

 Operating loss

 $

 (4,341

)

 (5,075

)

 Equity in loss of Joint Venture

 (11,396

)

 (8,310

)

 (3,086

)

 Interest earned

 4,712

 3,600

 1,112

 Loss from continuing operations before income taxes

 $

 (11,025

)

 (9,785

)

 (1,240

)

 The Development segment is responsible for (i) seeking
out and identifying opportunistic purchases of income producing industrial and commercial buildings, and (ii) developing our non-income
producing properties into income production.

 With respect to ongoing projects:

 We are the principal capital
source of a residential development venture in Prince George's County, MD known as "Amber Ridge." Of the $18.5 million
of committed capital to the project, $18.0 million in principal draws have taken place through quarter end. Through the end of December
31, 2023, all 187 units have been sold, and we have received $20.2 million in preferred interest and principal to date.

 Bryant Street is a mixed-use
joint venture between the Company and MRP in Washington, DC consisting of three apartment buildings with ground floor retail and one commercial
building which is fully leased. At quarter end, Bryant Street's 487 residential units were 92.0% leased and 93.8% occupied. Its
commercial space was 96.6% leased and 82.7% occupied at quarter end.

 Lease-up is underway at The
Verge, and at quarter end, the building was 90.7% leased and 85.8% occupied inclusive of 25 units licensed to Placemakr Management for
a short-term corporate rental program. Retail at this location is 45.2% leased. This is our third mixed-use project in the Anacostia
waterfront submarket in Washington, DC.

.408 Jackson is our second joint
venture project in Greenville. Leasing began in the fourth quarter of 2022 with residential units 95.2% leased and 93.4% occupied at quarter
end. Retail at this location is 100% leased and currently under construction and expected to open this winter.

 Windlass
Run, our suburban office and retail joint venture with St. John Properties, Inc. signed a new office lease for 3,526 square feet bringing
the office portion of the project to 87.0% leased and 78.3% occupied. Additional retail space at this site is 38.2% leased and 22.9%
occupied.

 Last summer
we broke ground on a new speculative warehouse project in Aberdeen, MD on Chelsea Road. Site work is nearing completion with vertical
construction underway. This Class A, 259,200 square foot building is due to be complete in the 3 rd quarter of 2024.

 We are
the principal capital source for a residential development venture in Harford County, MD known as Aberdeen Overlook. The project includes
110 acres and 344 residential building lots. We have committed $31.1 million to the project with $20 million currently drawn. A national
homebuilder is under contract to purchase all 222 townhome and 122 single family dwelling lots. As of year-end 11 lots had been sold and
$4.5 million of preferred interest and principal has been returned to the company.

 Multifamily Segment Results

 Twelve months ended December 31

 2023

 %

 2022

 %

 %

 $

 21,824

 100.0

 %

 21,443

 100.0

 %

 1.8

 %

 8,768

 40.2

 %

 9,535

 44.5

 %

 (767

)

 -8.0

 %

 6,285

 28.8

 %

 5,758

 26.9

 %

 9.2

 %

 2,231

 10.2

 %

 2,227

 10.4

 %

 0.2

 %

 2.0

 %

 1.7

 %

 19.7

 %

 Corporate expense

 1.8

 %

 1.5

 %

 14.2

 %

 Cost of operations

 18,107

 83.0

 %

 18,223

 85.0

 %

 (116

)

 -0.6

 %

 $

 3,717

 17.0

 %

 3,220

 15.0

 %

 15.4

 %

 In the fourth quarter of 2022, as part of our new
partnership with Steuart Investment Company and MidAtlantic Realty Partners, we sold a 20% ownership interest in a tenancy-in-common (TIC)
of Dock 79 and The Maren for $65.3 million, $44.5 million attributable to the Company, placing a combined valuation of the two buildings
at $326.5 million.

 Total revenues in this segment were $21,824,000, an
increase of $381,000 versus $21,443,000 in the same period last year. The Maren's revenue was $10,477,000, an increase of 4.3%,
and Dock 79 revenues decreased $51,000 or.4% to $11,398,000. Total operating profit in this segment was $3,717,000, an increase of $497,000
versus $3,220,000 in the same period last year. Pro-rata net operating income for this segment was $8,077,000, down $1,392,000 or 14.7%
compared to the same period last year because of the sale of our 20% TIC interest in both properties to SIC, mitigated by $800,000 in
pro-rata NOI from our share of the Riverside joint venture.

 At the end of December, The Maren was 93.94% leased
and 94.70% occupied. Average residential occupancy for calendar year 2023 was 95.60%, and 53.23% of expiring leases renewed with an average
rent increase on renewals of 4.21%. The Maren is a joint venture between the Company and MRP and SIC, in which FRP Holdings, Inc. is the
majority partner with 56.3% ownership.

 Dock 79's average residential occupancy for
calendar year 2023 was 94.36%, and at the end of the year, Dock 79's residential units were 95.08% leased and 96.39% occupied. Through
the year, 68.29% of expiring leases renewed with an average rent increase on renewals of 2.80%. Dock 79 is a joint venture between the
Company and MRP and SIC, in which FRP Holdings, Inc. is the majority partner with 52.8% ownership.

 During the third quarter of 2022, we achieved stabilization
at our Riverside Joint Venture in Greenville, SC. At the end of December, the building was 95.50% leased with 94.50% occupancy. Average
occupancy for calendar year 2023 was 94.51% with 55.41% of expiring leases renewing with an average rental increase of 8.46%. Riverside
is a joint venture with Woodfield Development and the Company owns 40% of the venture.

 Summary and Outlook

 Royalty revenue was up 17.3% over 2022 in what had
previously been the highest revenue year for this segment. This kind of revenue growth is all the more remarkable when tons sold decreased
by.76%. We are fortunate in both the locations of our mining assets, but also in the ability of our operators to push price aggressively.
State and national infrastructure spending is expected to increase in 2024 creating further demand for aggregates products.

 In our Multifamily Segment, we are starting to feel
the effects of a softening DC market. Revenues are more or less flat between Dock 79 and the Maren and did not keep pace with expenses.
Pro-rata NOI is down which is to be expected after selling 20% of our share of Dock 79 and The Maren to SIC. But NOI for the two projects
as a whole decreased 1.3% ($13,358,000 vs $13,529,000) compared to 2022. We should expect the market to remain slack until all the new
supply has been absorbed. 2023 was the first full calendar year of operation for our Riverside multifamily joint venture in

 Greenville, SC. Average annual occupancy (94.51%),
renewals on expiring leases (55.41%), and rent increases on renewals (8.46%) were all strong. NOI this quarter compared to each of the
first three quarters fell off because of increased taxes as the project was annexed into the city of Greenville. We remain excited about
the Greenville market and look forward to adding.408 Jackson to this segment when it stabilizes in early 2024.

 In our Industrial and Commercial segment, occupancy
and our overall square-footage have increased since the end of 2022, leading to a 46.2% increase in NOI in 2023 compared to the previous
year. We are 95.6% leased and occupied on 548,785 square feet compared to 84.3% occupied on 447,035 square feet at the end of 2022.

 As we have stated on a number of occasions in the
recent past, we have shifted our development focus away from multifamily in the DC market and towards industrial projects. We are underway
on the construction of a $30 million spec warehouse project at our Chelsea site in Aberdeen, MD, which we plan to deliver in the third
quarter of 2024. We are also in preliminary discussions on two industrial joint ventures in Florida. We will continue to do the predevelopment
work required to prepare the first phase of our partnership with SIC and MRP for vertical construction, but that's as far as we
will take that project until the partnership feels macroeconomic and market conditions are right. The same is true for two other mixed-use
projects with Woodfield Development (our JV partner in Riverside and.408 Jackson) that are currently in pre-development in Greenville,
SC and Estero, FL. We are pursuing entitlements for these joint ventures and they will be ready for vertical development by the second
half of 2024. But we will only move forward when market conditions warrant it. Along with our balance sheet, we consider our development
strategy and the ability to shift our focus and capital among asset classes to be our biggest strength. We will pursue our current development
strategy aggressively, while allowing for a healthy capital cushion to protect our assets and opportunistically repurchase shares. To
that end, in 2023, we repurchased 36,909 shares at an average cost of $54.19 per share.

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 The growth of the Company's businesses requires
significant cash needs to acquire and develop land or operating buildings and to construct new buildings and tenant improvements. As of
December 31, 2023, we had $157,555,000 of cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, we had no debt borrowed under our $35 million
Wells Fargo revolver, $823,000 outstanding under letters of credit and $34,177,000 available to borrow under the revolver. On March 19,
2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into
with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000
respectively, in connection with the refinancing.

 Cash Flows - The following table summarizes
our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each of the periods presented (in thousands of dollars):

 Years ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Total cash provided by (used for):

 Operating activities

 32,971

 22,338

 22,242

 Investing activities

 (48,747

)

 (23,196

)

 66,601

 Financing activities

 (4,166

)

 16,834

 (1,231

)

 (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

 (19,942

)

 15,976

 87,612

 Outstanding debt at the beginning of the period

 178,409

 89,964

 Outstanding debt at the end of the period

 178,409

 Operating Activities - Net cash provided by
operating activities in 2023 was $32,971,000 versus $22,338,000 in the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to increases
in operating profit and interest income while the increased joint venture losses are reflected in investing activities.

 At December 31, 2023, the Company was invested in
U.S. Treasury notes valued at $128,795,000 maturing through mid-2024. The unrealized gain on these investments of $1,000 was recorded
as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1).

 Net cash provided by operating activities in 2022
was $22,338,000 versus $22,242,000 in 2021. The Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership and related deferred income
taxes were both non-cash adjustments to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities in 2021.

 At December 31, 2022, the Company was invested in
U.S. Treasury notes valued at $161,585,000 maturing in late 2023. The unrealized loss on these investments of $1,903,000 was recorded
as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1).

 As of December 31, 2023 the company had
deferred taxes of approximately $35 million associated with $143 million of gains on sales reinvested through Opportunity Zone investments.
These taxes are deferred until the earlier of the sale of the related investments or April 15, 2027 and 10% of gains are excluded from
tax once the investments are held five years plus an additional 5% is excluded at seven years.

 Investing Activities – Net
cash used in investing activities in 2023 was $48,747,000 versus $23,196,000 in 2022. Investments in properties was $11.2 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and included the start of construction on a new speculative warehouse project in Aberdeen, MD
on Chelsea Road. Investments in properties during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $27.6 million which included the $11.6
million purchase of Astatula mining land, $6.7 million for 170 acres in Cecil County Maryland to accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial
development, and the completion of the build-to-suite at 1941 62nd Street. Investments in joint ventures was $46.7 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and included $12 million for FRP's share of a $20 million paydown of the loan at Bryant
Street, $19.6 million for our Aberdeen Overlook lending venture, $3.7 million for the impact of higher interest rates at Verge, and $2.5
million for predevelopment activities for our next potential apartment projects in Washington, D.C. and in Greenville. Investments in
joint ventures was $21.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and included $13.8 million for the lending ventures including
the Windlass loan and $3.6 million for our Estero joint venture.

 Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was
$23,196,000 versus cash provided by investing activities of $66,601,000 in 2021. The decrease was due primarily due to increased investment
in properties of $11 million, increased investments in joint ventures of $8 million and reduced proceeds from sales of corporate bonds
of $65.6 million. In 2022 the Company invested $11 million in mining land and $11 million to pay off debt in our BC Realty, LLC joint
venture.

 Financing Activities – Net
cash used in financing activities in 2023 was $4,166,000 versus net cash provided by financing activities of $16,834,000 in the same period
last year primarily due the repurchase of Company stock, exercise of employee stock options and prior year $27.9 million contribution
for 20% ownership of Dock & Maren by our new limited partner (less $9.3 million distributed to MRP).

 Net cash provided by financing activities
was $16,834,000 in 2022 versus cash used in financing activities of $1,231,000 in 2021 primarily due to the $27.9 million contribution
for 20% ownership of Dock & Maren by our new limited partner (less $9.3 million distributed to MRP) and prior year refinancing of
Dock 79 for $1.4 million more net of debt issuance costs than the amount matured.

 Credit Facilities - On December 22,
2023, the Company entered into a 2023 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A. ("Wells Fargo"). The Credit Agreement modifies the Company's prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo, dated January
30, 2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a three-year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $35 million. The interest
rate under the Credit Agreement will be 2.25% over the Daily Simple SOFR in effect. A commitment fee of 0.35% per annum is payable quarterly
on the unused portion of the commitment. The credit agreement contains certain conditions and financial covenants, including a minimum
tangible net worth and dividend restriction. As of December 31, 2023, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends
to a maximum of $94 million combined.

 On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced
Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection
with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and improvements, bear a fixed interest
rate of 3.03% per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal in full due April 1, 2033. Either loan may be
prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be

 transferred to a qualified buyer as part
of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer fee. Effective March 31, 2021, the
Company consolidated the assets (at current fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC
partnership (The Maren) which was previously accounted for under the equity method. As such the full amount of our mortgage loan was recorded
in the consolidated financial statements.

 Cash Requirements – The Company expended
capital of $57,910,000 during 2023 for real estate development including investments in joint ventures. These capital expenditures were
funded from cash and investments on hand and cash generated from operations. The Company expects to invest $87 million into our existing
real estate holdings and joint ventures as well as new real estate assets and joint ventures during 2024, with such capital being funded
from cash and investments on hand, cash generated from operations, property sales, distributions from joint ventures, or borrowings under
our credit facilities.

 Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

 To supplement the financial results presented in accordance
with GAAP, FRP presents certain non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange
Commission. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to our Board of Directors, management and investors regarding
certain trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Our management uses these non-GAAP measures to compare our
performance to that of prior periods for trend analysis, purposes of determining management incentive compensation and budgeting, forecasting
and planning purposes. We provide Pro-rata net operating income (NOI) because we believe it assists investors and analysis in estimating
our economic interest in our consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships, when read in conjunction with our reported results under GAAP.
This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures.

 Pro-rata Net Operating Income Reconciliation

 Twelve months ended 12/31/23 (in thousands)

 Industrial/

 Mining

 Unallocated

 FRP

 Commercial

 Royalties

 Corporate

 Holdings

 Expenses

 Totals

 Net Income (loss)

 $

 1,285

 (8,043

)

 (848

)

 7,682

 4,806

 4,882

 Income Tax Allocation

 (2,983

)

 (158

)

 2,848

 1,332

 1,516

 Income (loss) before income taxes

 1,762

 (11,026

)

 (1,006

)

 10,530

 6,138

 6,398

 Less:

 Unrealized rents

 —

 —

 Gain on sale of real estate and other income

 —

 —

 —

 Interest income

 —

 4,712

 —

 —

 6,185

 10,897

 Plus:

 Loss on sale of real estate

 —

 —

 —

 Equity in loss of Joint Ventures

 —

 11,397

 —

 11,937

 Professional fees - other

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Interest Expense

 —

 —

 4,268

 —

 4,315

 Depreciation/Amortization

 1,374

 8,768

 —

 10,821

 Management Co. Indirect

 2,471

 —

 3,969

 Allocated Corporate Expenses

 2,387

 —

 4,002

 Net Operating Income

 3,898

 13,358

 11,720

 —

 29,675

 NOI of noncontrolling interest

 —

 —

 (6,081

)

 —

 —

 (6,081

)

 Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures

 —

 5,846

 —

 —

 6,646

 Pro-rata net operating income

 $

 3,898

 6,545

 8,077

 11,720

 —

 30,240

 Pro-Rata Net Operating Income Reconciliation

 Twelve months ended 12/31/22 (in thousands)

 Industrial/

 Mining

 Unallocated

 FRP

 Commercial

 Royalties

 Corporate

 Holdings

 Expenses

 Totals

 Net Income (loss)

 $

 (7,138

)

 1,938

 7,093

 1,454

 4,047

 Income Tax Allocation

 (2,647

)

 2,630

 1,530

 Income (loss) before income taxes

 (9,785

)

 2,848

 9,723

 1,831

 5,577

 Less:

 Gain on investment land sold

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Unrealized rents

 —

 (71

)

 —

 Interest income

 —

 3,600

 —

 —

 1,873

 5,473

 Plus:

 Equity in (gain)/loss of Joint Venture

 —

 8,310

 (2,631

)

 —

 5,721

 Interest Expense

 —

 —

 3,003

 —

 3,045

 Depreciation/Amortization

 9,535

 —

 Management Co. Indirect

 2,179

 —

 3,416

 Allocated Corporate Expenses

 2,284

 —

 3,662

 Net Operating Income (loss)

 2,666

 (423

)

 13,529

 10,152

 —

 25,924

 NOI of noncontrolling interest

 —

 —

 (4,595

)

 —

 —

 (4,595

)

 Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures

 —

 2,366

 —

 —

 2,901

 Pro-Rata net operating income

 $

 2,666

 1,943

 9,469

 10,152

 —

 24,230

 The following tables represent the Joint Venture and
Development pro-rata NOI by project:

 Development Segment:

 FRP

 BC FRP

.408

 Verge

 Total

 Twelve months ended

 Portfolio

 Realty, LLC

 Jackson

 Pro-rata NOI

 12/31/2023

 4,849

 6,545

 12/31/2022

 (423

)

 2,615

 (115

)

 (496

)

 1,943

 Multifamily Segment:

 Riverside

 Total

 Twelve months ended

 Dock 79

 The Maren

 Joint Venture

 Pro-rata NOI

 12/31/2023

 3,711

 3,566

 8,077

 12/31/2022

 4,607

 4,327

 9,469

 OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 The Company has outstanding letters of credit described
above under "Liquidity and Capital Resources." The Company has guaranteed debt as described above under Note 12 Contingent
Liabilities. The Company unconsolidated Joint Ventures have debt as scheduled under "Investments in Joint Ventures". The Company
does not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material
effect on its financial condition.

 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 Management of the Company considers the following
accounting policies critical to the reported operations of the Company:

 Accounts Receivable and Unrealized Rents Valuation.
The Company is subject to customer credit risk that could affect the collection of outstanding accounts receivable and unrealized rents,
that is rents recorded on a straight-lined basis. To mitigate these risks, the Company performs credit reviews on all new customers and
periodic credit reviews on existing customers. A detailed analysis of late and slow pay customers is prepared monthly and reviewed by
senior management. The overall collectability of outstanding receivables and straight-lined rents is evaluated and allowances are recorded
as appropriate. Significant changes in customer credit could require increased allowances and affect cash flows.

 Net Real Estate Investments and Impairment
of Assets. Net real estate investments are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and depletion. Provision for depreciation
of Net real estate investments is computed using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:

 Years

 Buildings and improvements

 3-39

 Depletion expense of is computed on the
basis of units of production in relation to estimated sand and stone deposits.

 The Company periodically reviews net real estate investments
for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. This
review consists of comparing cap rates on recent cash flows and market value estimates to the carrying values of each asset group. If
this review indicates the carrying value might exceed fair value then an estimate of future cash flows for the remaining useful life of
each property is prepared considering anticipated vacancy, lease rates, and any future capital expenditures. Changes in estimates or assumptions
could have an impact on the Company's financials.

 All direct and indirect costs, including interest
and real estate taxes, associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate investments are capitalized
as a development cost of the property. Included in indirect costs is an estimate of internal costs associated with development and rental
of real estate investments. Changes in estimates or assumptions could have an impact on the Company's financials.

 Accounting for Real Estate Investments. The
Company accounts for its real estate investments which are not wholly owned using either the cost method, the equity method or by consolidation
with related non-controlling interest. Consolidation is required if the Company controls an investment and is the primary beneficiary.
Equity method is required when the Company has significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investment but is
not in control or not the primary beneficiary. Cost method applies when the Company does not have significant influence of the operating
and financial policies. Significant judgment is required and regular review as the facts change.

 Income Taxes. The Company accounts
for income taxes under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent items that will result in taxable
income or a tax deduction in future years for which the related tax expense or benefit has already been recorded in our statement of earnings.
Deferred tax accounts arise as a result of timing differences between when items are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements
compared with when they are recognized in the tax returns. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered
from future taxable income. To the extent recovery is not probable, a valuation allowance is established and included as an expense as
part of our income tax provision. No valuation allowance was recorded at December 31, 2023, as all deferred tax assets are considered
more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining and assessing the impact of complex tax laws and
certain tax-related contingencies on the provision for income taxes. As part of the calculation of the provision for income taxes, we
assess whether the benefits of our tax positions are at least more likely than not of being sustained upon audit based on the technical
merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, we accrue the largest amount
of the benefit that is more likely than not of being sustained in our consolidated financial statements. Such accruals require estimates
and judgments, whereby actual results could vary materially from these estimates. Further, a number of years may elapse before a particular
matter, for which an established accrual was made, is audited and resolved.

 INFLATION

 Most of the Company's operating expenses
are inflation-sensitive, with inflation generally producing increased costs of operations. Substantially all of the Company's royalty
agreements are based on a percentage of the sales price of the related mined items. Substantially all lease agreements provide escalation
provisions.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
– Years ended December 31

 (in thousands, except per share amounts)

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 28,979

 26,798

 21,755

 Mining Royalty and rents

 12,527

 10,683

 9,465

 31,220

 10,821

 12,737

 7,364

 7,065

 6,219

 3,650

 4,125

 3,751

 3,969

 3,416

 3,168

 Corporate expenses (Note 3 Related Party)

 4,002

 3,662

 3,071

 29,806

 29,485

 28,946

 Total operating profit

 7,996

 2,274

 Net investment income

 10,897

 5,473

 4,215

 ( 4,315

)

 ( 3,045

)

 ( 2,304

)

 Equity in loss of joint ventures

 ( 11,937

)

 ( 5,721

)

 ( 5,754

)

 Gain on remeasurement of investment in real estate partnership

 —

 —

 51,139

 Gain on sale of real estate and other income

 Income before income taxes

 6,398

 5,577

 50,375

 Provision for income taxes

 1,516

 1,530

 10,281

 4,882

 4,047

 (Loss) gain attributable to noncontrolling interest

 ( 420

)

 ( 518

)

 11,879

 $

 5,302

 4,565

 Earnings per common share:

 Net Income attributable to the Company -

 Basic

 $

 0.56

 0.49

 3.02

 $

 0.56

 0.48

 3.00

 Number of shares (in thousands) used in computing:

 -basic earnings per common share

 9,420

 9,386

 9,355

 -diluted earnings per common share

 9,461

 9,435

 9,397

 See accompanying notes.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – Years
ended December 31

 (In thousands)

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 4,882

 4,047

 Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:

 Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of income tax effect of $ 563, $ ( 504) and $ ( 194)

 1,341

 ( 1,358

)

 ( 524

)

 Minimum pension liability, net of income tax effect of $ ( 12), $ ( 11) and $ ( 15)

 ( 30

)

 ( 31

)

 ( 38

)

 Comprehensive income

 $

 6,193

 2,658

 39,532

 Less comp. income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest

 ( 420

)

 ( 518

)

 11,879

 Comprehensive income attributable to the Company

 $

 6,613

 3,176

 27,653

 See accompanying notes.

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – As of December

 (In thousands, except share data)

 December 31

 December 31

 Assets:

 2023

 2022

 Real estate investments at cost:

 Land

 $

 141,602

 141,579

 Buildings and improvements

 282,631

 270,579

 Projects under construction

 10,845

 12,208

 Total investments in properties

 435,078

 424,366

 Less accumulated depreciation and depletion

 67,758

 57,208

 Net investments in properties

 367,320

 367,158

 Real estate held for investment, at cost

 10,662

 10,182

 Investments in joint ventures

 166,066

 140,525

 Net real estate investments

 544,048

 517,865

 Cash and cash equivalents

 157,555

 177,497

 Cash held in escrow

 Accounts receivable, net

 1,046

 1,166

 Federal and state income taxes receivable

 —

 Unrealized rents

 1,640

 3,091

 2,343

 Other assets

 Total assets

 $

 Liabilities:

 $

 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

 8,333

 5,971

 1,487

 1,886

 Federal and state income taxes payable

 —

 Deferred revenue

 Deferred income taxes

 69,456

 67,960

 Deferred compensation

 1,409

 1,354

 Tenant security deposits

 Total liabilities

 261,190

 256,873

 Commitments and contingencies

 —

 —

 Equity:

 Common stock, $.10 par value

 25,000,000 shares authorized,

 9,484,224 and 9,459,686 shares issued

 and outstanding, respectively

 Capital in excess of par value

 67,655

 65,158

 Retained earnings

 345,882

 342,317

 Accumulated other comprehensive income, net

 ( 1,276

)

 Total shareholders' equity

 414,520

 Noncontrolling interests

 33,456

 37,066

 Total equity

 447,976

 444,211

 Total liabilities and equity

 $

 See accompanying notes.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS –
Years ended December 31

 (In thousands)

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Cash flows from operating activities:

 $

 4,882

 4,047

 Adjustments to
 reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 10,975

 11,462

 12,946

 Deferred income taxes

 1,496

 1,813

 7,941

 Gain on remeasurement of invest in real estate partnership

 —

 —

 ( 51,139

)

 Equity in loss of joint ventures

 11,937

 5,721

 5,754

 Gain on sale of equipment and property

 ( 14

)

 ( 904

)

 ( 880

)

 Stock-based compensation

 1,738

 1,569

 1,111

 Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 Accounts receivable

 ( 373

)

 Deferred costs and other assets

 ( 499

)

 ( 1,972

)

 ( 346

)

 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

 3,028

 ( 276

)

 1,888

 Income taxes payable and receivable

 ( 355

)

 1,121

 3,518

 Other long-term liabilities

 ( 337

)

 Net cash provided by operating activities

 32,971

 22,338

 22,242

 Cash flows from investing activities:

 Investments in properties

 ( 11,217

)

 ( 27,615

)

 ( 16,530

)

 Investments in joint ventures

 ( 46,693

)

 ( 21,578

)

 ( 13,436

)

 Return of capital from investments in joint ventures

 9,210

 20,770

 22,279

 Proceeds from sales of investments available for sale

 —

 4,317

 69,865

 Cash at consolidation of real estate partnership

 —

 —

 3,704

 Cash held in escrow

 ( 63

)

 ( 45

)

 ( 220

)

 Proceeds from sale of assets

 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

 ( 48,747

)

 ( 23,196

)

 66,601

 Cash flows from financing activities:

 Proceeds from long-term debt

 —

 —

 92,070

 Repayment of long-term debt

 —

 —

 ( 90,000

)

 Debt issue costs

 —

 —

 ( 704

)

 Contribution from partner

 —

 27,894

 —

 Distribution to noncontrolling interest

 ( 3,190

)

 ( 11,472

)

 ( 2,602

)

 Repurchase of company stock

 ( 2,000

)

 —

 ( 264

)

 Exercise of employee stock options

 1,024

 Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 ( 4,166

)

 16,834

 ( 1,231

)

 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

 ( 19,942

)

 15,976

 87,612

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

 177,497

 161,521

 73,909

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

 $

 157,555

 177,497

 161,521

 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 Cash paid (received) during the year for:

 Interest

 $

 4,165

 2,893

 2,150

 Income taxes

 $

 ( 1,761

)

 ( 1,226

)

 See accompanying notes.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

 (In thousands, except share amounts)

 Accumu-

 lated

 Other

 Compre-

 Total

 Capital in

 hensive

 Share

 Non-

 Common Stock

 Excess of

 Retained

 Income, net

 Holders'

 Controlling

 Total

 Amount

 Par Value

 Earnings

 of tax

 Equity

 Interest

 Equity

 Balance at January 1, 2021

 9,363,717

 $

 $

 56,279

 $

 309,764

 $

 $

 367,654

 $

 14,999

 $

 382,653

 Exercise of stock options

 15,334

 —

 —

 —

 Stock option grant compensation

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock compensation

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares granted to Employee

 1,098

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares granted to Directors

 9,105

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock award

 27,778

 ( 3

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares purchased and cancelled

 ( 6,004

)

 ( 1

)

 ( 36

)

 ( 227

)

 —

 ( 264

)

 —

 ( 264

)

 Contributions from partners

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 4,551

 4,551

 —

 —

 —

 —

 11,879

 Distributions to partners

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 2,602

)

 ( 2,602

)

 Minimum pension liability, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 38

)

 ( 38

)

 —

 ( 38

)

 Unrealized loss on investment, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 524

)

 ( 524

)

 —

 ( 524

)

 Balance at December 31, 2021

 9,411,028

 $

 $

 57,617

 $

 337,752

 $

 $

 396,423

 $

 28,827

 $

 425,250

 Balance at December 31, 2021

 9,411,028

 57,617

 337,752

 396,423

 28,827

 425,250

 Exercise of stock options

 16,460

 —

 —

 —

 Stock option grant compensation

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock compensation

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares granted to Employee

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares granted to Directors

 11,232

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock award

 21,464

 ( 2

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Forfeiture of restricted stock award

 ( 1,363

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 4,565

 —

 4,565

 ( 518

)

 4,047

 Contributions from partner

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 27,894

 27,894

 Reallocation of partners' interest

 —

 —

 7,665

 —

 —

 7,665

 ( 7,665

)

 —

 Reallocation income tax expense

 —

 —

 ( 2,100

)

 —

 —

 ( 2,100

)

 —

 ( 2,100

)

 Distributions to partners

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 11,472

)

 ( 11,472

)

 Minimum pension liability, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 31

)

 ( 31

)

 —

 ( 31

)

 Unrealized loss on investment, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 1,358

)

 ( 1,358

)

 —

 ( 1,358

)

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 9,459,686

 $

 $

 65,158

 $

 342,317

 $

 ( 1,276

)

 $

 $

 37,066

 $

 444,211

 Balance at December 31, 2022

 9,459,686

 65,158

 342,317

 ( 1,276

)

 37,066

 444,211

 Exercise of stock options

 24,855

 1,022

 —

 —

 1,024

 —

 1,024

 Stock option grant compensation

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock compensation

 —

 —

 1,028

 —

 —

 1,028

 —

 1,028

 Shares granted to Employee

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares granted to Directors

 10,380

 —

 —

 —

 Restricted stock award

 25,284

 ( 3

)

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Shares purchased and cancelled

 ( 36,909

)

 ( 4

)

 ( 259

)

 ( 1,737

)

 —

 ( 2,000

)

 —

 ( 2,000

)

 —

 —

 —

 5,302

 —

 5,302

 ( 420

)

 4,882

 Distributions to partners

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 3,190

)

 ( 3,190

)

 Minimum pension liability, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 30

)

 ( 30

)

 —

 ( 30

)

 Unrealized gains on investment, net

 —

 —

 —

 —

 1,341

 1,341

 —

 1,341

 Balance at December 31, 2023

 9,484,224

 $

 $

 67,655

 $

 345,882

 $

 $

 414,520

 $

 33,456

 $

 447,976

 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 1.
 Accounting Policies.

 ORGANIZATION - FRP Holdings, Inc. (the "Company")
is a holding company engaged in the investment and development of real estate. The segments of the Company include: (i) leasing and management
of industrial and commercial properties owned by the Company (the "Industrial and Commercial Segment"), (ii) leasing and management
of mining royalty land owned by the Company (the "Mining Royalty Lands Segment"), (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement,
development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office (the "Development Segment"), (iv) management
of mixed-use residential/retail properties owned through our joint ventures (the "Multifamily Segment"). During the 4 th
quarter of 2023, the Company renamed two of its reportable segments in order to clearly define projects within those segments. The Asset
Management segment was renamed the Industrial and Commercial segment and the Stabilized Joint Venture segment was renamed the Multifamily
Segment. There was no impact on consolidated total revenues, total cost of operations, operating profit, net earnings per share, or segment
operating results as a result of these changes.

 FRP Holdings, Inc. was incorporated on April 22, 2014
in connection with a corporate reorganization that preceded the Spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. The Company's predecessor
issuer was formed on July 20, 1998. The business of the Company is conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries FRP Development Corp.,
a Maryland corporation ("Development") and Florida Rock Properties, Inc., a Florida corporation ("Properties"),
and the various subsidiaries and joint ventures of each.

 CONSOLIDATION - The consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of the Company inclusive of our operating real estate subsidiaries, Development and Properties, and all
wholly-owned or controlled entities. Our investments in real estate partnerships which are conducted through limited liability corporations
("LLC") are also referred to as joint ventures. Investments in real estate joint ventures not controlled by the Company are
accounted for under the equity or cost method of accounting as appropriate (See Note 2). All significant intercompany balances and transactions
are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

 Effective July 1, 2017 the Company consolidated
the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC joint venture ("Dock
79") which was previously accounted for under the equity method. Subsequent to the July 1, 2017 consolidation, the ownership of
Dock 79 attributable to our partner MRP Realty is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. In March 2021,
Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC reached stabilization which resulted in a change of control for accounting purposes as the veto
rights of the minority shareholder lapsed and the Company became the primary beneficiary. As such, effective March 31, 2021 the Company
consolidated the assets (at fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC joint venture
("The Maren") which was previously accounted for under the equity method. Subsequent to the March 31, 2021 consolidation,
the ownership of The Maren attributable to our partner MRP Realty is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest.
Such noncontrolling interests are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity but separately from shareholders' equity.
On the Consolidated Statements of Income, all of the revenues and expenses from Dock 79 are reported in net income, including both the
amounts attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interest. The Maren is reflected in Equity in loss of joint ventures on the
Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods up to March 31, 2021 but is reflected like Dock 79 for periods commencing April 1, 2021.
The amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is clearly identified on the accompanying Consolidated
Statements of Income. In 2022 we sold a 20 % ownership interest in a tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren to a new partner
Steuart Investment Company (SIC). The Company continues to consolidate both properties because of continued control over major decisions
for both properties.

 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - The Company
considers all Treasury bills available for sale regardless of maturity and other highly liquid debt instruments with maturities of three
months or less at time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts consist of outstanding checks not yet presented to a bank for
settlement, net of cash held in accounts with right of offset.

 INVESTMENTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE - The Company
determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations
at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to
hold the securities to maturity. Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near
term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Debt
securities not classified as held to maturity or as trading, are classified as available-for-sale, and are carried at fair value, with
the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive income and reported in the Consolidated Statements
of Comprehensive Income. The fair value of securities is determined using quoted market prices. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, no investments
were held for trading purposes or classified as held to maturity.

 REVENUE AND EXPENSE RECOGNITION - Lease
revenues are generally recognized when earned under the leases and are considered collectable. Rental income from leases with scheduled
increases or other incentives during their term is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Reimbursements of expenses,
when provided in the lease, are recognized in the period that the expenses are incurred.

 Mining royalty revenues are recognized when
the performance obligation is satisfied which is when the sand or stone mined and processed by the lessee is sold and removed from the
property. Our typical mining lease requires the tenant to pay the Company a monthly royalty in arrears based on the number of tons of
mined materials sold from our mining property multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold from the prior
fiscal year. In certain locations, typically where the sand and stone deposits on the property have been depleted but the tenant still
has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount but this is not the predominant component of mining royalties
revenues. As such both mining royalty revenues and minimum annual rents are recognized as revenues from contracts with customers. Mining
royalty revenues accounts receivable were $ 465,000, $ 618,000 and $ 388,000 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively and there were
no receivables from minimum rents. Mining royalties deferred revenue liabilities were $ 325,000, $ 47,000 and $ 249,000 at December 31, 2023,
2022 and 2021 respectively.

 Sales of real estate are recognized when
the collection of the sales price is reasonably assured and when the Company has fulfilled substantially all of its obligations, which
are typically as of the closing date.

 Accounts receivable are recorded net of
discounts and provisions for estimated allowances. We estimate allowances on an ongoing basis by considering historical and current trends.
We record estimated bad debts expense as a reduction of lease revenue. We estimate the net collectibility of our accounts receivable and
establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon this assessment. Specifically, we analyze the aging of accounts receivable balances,
historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms.

 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Property and equipment
is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and depletion. Provision for depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed
using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives:

 Years

 Building and improvements

 3-39

 Depletion expense is computed on the basis
of units of production in relation to estimated sand and stone deposits.

 Remaining sand and stone deposit estimates
are periodically adjusted based upon surveys.

 The Company recorded depreciation and depletion
expenses for fiscal year 2023, 2022 and 2021, of $ 10,668,000, $ 10,618,000 and $ 8,806,000, respectively.

 All direct and indirect costs, including
interest and real estate taxes, associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate investments are capitalized
as a cost of the property. Included in indirect costs is an allocation of internal costs associated with development of real estate investments.
The cost of routine repairs and maintenance to property and equipment is expensed as incurred.

 IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS –
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization
for potential impairment annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable.
This review consists of comparing cap rates on recent cash flows and market value estimates to the carrying values of each asset group.
If this review indicates the carrying value might exceed fair value then an estimate of future cash flows for the remaining useful life
of each property is prepared considering anticipated vacancy, lease rates, and any future capital expenditures.

 DEVELOPED PROPERTY RENTALS PURCHASE ACCOUNTING
– Acquisitions of rental property, including any associated intangible assets, are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition.
Any liabilities assumed or incurred are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition. The fair value of the acquired property
is allocated between land and building (on an as-if vacant basis) based on management's estimate of the fair value of those components
for each type of property and to tenant improvements based on the depreciated replacement cost of the tenant improvements, which approximates
their fair value. The fair value of the in-place leases is recorded as follows:

 the fair value of leases
in-place on the date of acquisition is based on absorption costs for the estimated lease-up period in which vacancy and foregone revenue
are avoided due to the presence of the acquired leases;

 the fair value of above
and below-market in-place leases based on the present value (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the acquired
leases) of the difference between contractual rent amounts to be paid under the assumed lease and the estimated market lease rates for
the corresponding spaces over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the related leases; and

 the fair value of intangible
tenant or customer relationships.

 The Company's determination of these
fair values requires it to estimate market rents for each of the leases and make certain other assumptions. These estimates and assumptions
affect the rental revenue, and depreciation and amortization expense recognized for these leases and associated intangible assets and
liabilities.

 INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES - The Company
uses the equity method to account for its investments in Brooksville, BC FRP Realty, Estero, FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, and Greenville/Woodfield,
in which it has a voting interest of 50 % or less and has significant influence but does not have control. The Company uses the equity
method to account for its investment in the Bryant Street Partnerships and The Verge at 1800 Half Street, in which it has a voting interest
in excess of 50% because all major decisions are shared equally. Under the equity method, the investment is originally recorded at cost
and adjusted to recognize the Company's share of net earnings or losses of the investee, limited to the extent of the Company's
investment in and advances to the investee and financial guarantees on behalf of the investee that create additional basis. The Company
regularly monitors and evaluates the realizable value of its investments. When assessing an investment for an other-than-temporary decline
in value, the Company considers such factors as, the performance of the asset in relation to its own operating targets and its business
plan, the investee's revenue and cost trends, as well as liquidity and cash position, and the outlook for the overall industry in
which the investee operates. From time to time, the Company may consider third party evaluations or valuation reports. If events and circumstances
indicate that a decline in the value of these assets has occurred and is other-than-temporary, the Company records a charge to investment
income (expense).

 INCOME TAXES - Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are recognized based on differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates.
Deferred income taxes result from temporary

 differences between pre-tax income reported
in the financial statements and taxable income. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process.
The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is
more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. The second
step is to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.
It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the amounts rely upon the determination of the probability of various
possible outcomes. The Company reevaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including,
but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law and expiration of statutes of limitations, effectively settled
issues under audit, and audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or
an additional charge to the tax provision. It is the Company's policy to recognize as additional income tax expense the items of interest
paid and penalties directly related to income taxes.

 STOCK BASED COMPENSATION – The Company
accounts for compensation related to share based plans by recognizing the grant date fair value of stock options and other equity-based
compensation issued to employees in its income statement over the requisite employee service period using the straight-line attribution
model. In addition, compensation expense must be recognized for the change in fair value of any awards modified, repurchased or cancelled
after the grant date. The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The
assumptions used in the model and current year impact are discussed in Note 7.

 DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN - The Company
has a deferred compensation plan, the Management Security Plan (MSP) for our President. The accruals for future benefits are based upon
actuarial assumptions.

 EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - Basic earnings
per common share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per common
share are based on the weighted average number of common shares and potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. The
differences between basic and diluted shares used for the calculation are the effect of employee and director stock options and restricted
stock.

 USE OF ESTIMATES - The preparation of financial
statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United State requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 Certain accounting policies and estimates
are of more significance in the financial statement preparation process than others. The most critical accounting policies and estimates
include the economic useful lives of our estimated remaining sand and stone deposits, property and equipment, provisions for uncollectible
accounts receivable and collectibility of unrealized rents, accounting for real estate investments, estimates of exposures related to
our insurance claims plans and environmental liabilities, and estimates for taxes. To the extent that actual, final outcomes are different
than these estimates, or that additional facts and circumstances result in a revision to these estimates, earnings during that accounting
period will be affected.

 ENVIRONMENTAL - Environmental expenditures
that benefit future periods are capitalized. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations, and which do
not contribute to current or future revenue generation, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded for the estimated amount of expected environmental
assessments and/or remedial efforts. Estimation of such liabilities includes an assessment of engineering estimates, continually evolving
governmental laws and standards, and potential involvement of other potentially responsible parties.

 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – Comprehensive
income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to expenses, gains, and
losses that are not included in net income, but rather are recorded directly in shareholders' equity.

 RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS – In June
2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board

 (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016
- 13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," which introduced new guidance for an approach based on expected losses to estimate
credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. This standard was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2023. There was
no impact on our financial statements at adoption.

 2.
 Investments in Joint Ventures.

 The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily
with other real estate developers. Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary are reflected in the line "Investment
in joint ventures" on the balance sheet and "Equity in loss of joint ventures" on the income statement. The assets of
these joint ventures are restricted to use by the joint ventures and their obligations can only be settled by their assets or additional
contributions by the partners.

 The following table summarizes the Company's
investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

 The

 Company's

 Share of Profit

 Common

 Total

 Total Assets of

 Profit (Loss)

 (Loss) of the

 Ownership

 Investment

 The Partnership

 Of the Partnership

 Partnership (1)

 Brooksville Quarry, LLC

 50.00

 %

 $

 7,552

 ( 82

)

 ( 41

)

 BC FRP Realty, LLC

 50.00

 %

 5,039

 ( 632

)

 ( 316

)

 Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC

 50.00

 %

 2,326

 4,652

 —

 —

 Bryant Street Partnerships

 61.36

 %

 71,786

 ( 10,296

)

 ( 4,558

)

 Lending ventures

 27,695

 —

 —

 Estero Partnership

 16.00

 %

 3,600

 —

 —

 Verge Partnership

 61.37

 %

 36,665

 ( 9,039

)

 ( 5,547

)

 Greenville Partnerships

 40.00

 %

 11,403

 ( 3,687

)

 ( 1,475

)

 Total

 $

 166,066

 ( 23,736

)

 ( 11,937

)

 The Company is currently negotiating with MRP concerning
an ownership adjustment related to the Bryant Street stabilization and conversion of FRP preferred equity to common equity which will
be effective in 2024.

 The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity
of the Company's Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023, are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

 Investments in Multifamily Joint
Ventures as of December 31, 2023

 Buzzard Point

 Estero

 Verge

 Total

 Sponsor, LLC

 $

 187,616

 35,576

 128,154

 95,911

 $

 447,257

 7,543

 3,076

 1,323

 2,000

 13,942

 6,737

 7,267

 4,652

 5,868

 $

 4,652

 $

 $

 107,084

 16,000

 72,691

 66,434

 $

 262,209

 3,129

 1,344

 3,867

 8,340

 2,326

 69,779

 3,600

 34,391

 10,450

 120,546

 Capital – Third Parties

 2,326

 22,642

 19,052

 21,747

 17,472

 83,239

 $

 4,652

 $

 Investments
in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023

 Brooksville

 BC FRP

 Lending

 Total

 Grand

 Quarry, LLC

 Realty, LLC

 Ventures

 Total

 $

 14,358

 21,503

 447,257

 $

 500,235

 13,942

 14,149

 7,267

 7,731

 5,868

 6,229

 $

 $

 $

 12,086

 ( 10,578

)

 262,209

 $

 263,717

 8,340

 8,742

 7,552

 4,983

 27,695

 120,546

 160,776

 Capital - Third Parties

 6,887

 4,983

 83,239

 95,109

 $

 $

 The Company's capital recorded by the unconsolidated
Joint Ventures is $ 5,291,000 less than the Investment in Joint Ventures reported in the Company's consolidated balance sheet due
primarily to capitalized interest.

 The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity
of the Company's Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2022 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands):

 Investments in Multifamily Joint
Ventures as of December 31, 2022

 As of December 31, 2022

 Buzzard Point

 Estero

 Verge

 Total

 Sponsor, LLC

 $

 192,904

 33,008

 130,616

 95,883

 $

 452,411

 1,349

 5,497

 7,772

 5,128

 5,155

 2,906

 3,526

 $

 2,906

 199,774

 38,505

 131,128

 96,551

 $

 468,864

 $

 129,263

 16,000

 66,584

 64,954

 $

 276,801

 2,338

 5,328

 3,014

 10,685

 Capital - FRP

 1,453

 53,553

 3,600

 36,348

 11,087

 106,041

 Capital – Third Parties

 1,453

 14,620

 18,900

 22,868

 17,496

 75,337

 $

 2,906

 199,774

 38,505

 131,128

 96,551

 $

 468,864

 Investments in Joint
Ventures as of December 31, 2022

 As of December 31, 2022

 Brooksville

 BC FRP

 Lending

 Grand

 Quarry, LLC

 Realty, LLC

 Ventures

 Total

 $

 14,307

 21,059

 5,547

 452,411

 $

 493,324

 7,772

 7,937

 5,155

 5,577

 3,526

 3,802

 $

 14,374

 21,825

 5,577

 468,864

 $

 510,640

 $

 10,899

 ( 10,899

)

 276,801

 $

 276,801

 10,685

 11,023

 7,522

 5,294

 16,476

 106,041

 135,333

 Capital - Third Parties

 6,852

 5,294

 75,337

 87,483

 $

 14,374

 21,825

 5,577

 468,864

 $

 510,640

 The amount of consolidated retained earnings (accumulated
deficit) for these joint ventures was $ ( 21,823,000) and $ ( 13,115,000) as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

 The income statements of the Bryant Street Partnerships
are as follows (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2023

 2022

 Rental Revenue

 $

 12,633

 $

 9,586

 $

 7,751

 $

 5,882

 Revenue – other

 2,237

 1,766

 1,373

 1,084

 14,870

 11,352

 9,124

 6,966

 Depreciation and amortization

 7,009

 6,737

 4,301

 4,134

 5,731

 5,428

 3,516

 3,331

 1,150

 1,376

 13,890

 13,541

 8,523

 8,309

 Total operating profit/(loss)

 ( 2,189

)

 ( 1,343

)

 ( 11,276

)

 ( 8,150

)

 ( 5,159

)

 ( 5,486

)

 Net loss before tax

 $

 ( 10,296

)

 $

 ( 10,339

)

 $

 ( 4,558

)

 $

 ( 6,829

)

 The income statements of the Greenville Partnerships
are as follow (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2023

 2022

 Rental Revenue

 $

 7,058

 $

 3,146

 $

 2,823

 $

 1,259

 Revenue – other

 7,630

 3,322

 3,052

 1,329

 Depreciation and amortization

 3,241

 1,557

 1,296

 2,399

 1,207

 1,687

 7,327

 3,542

 2,931

 1,417

 Total operating profit/(loss)

 ( 220

)

 ( 88

)

 ( 3,990

)

 ( 1,113

)

 ( 1,596

)

 ( 445

)

 Net loss before tax

 $

 ( 3,687

)

 $

 ( 1,333

)

 $

 ( 1,475

)

 $

 ( 533

)

 The income statements of the Verge Partnership are
as follows (in thousands):

 Verge

 Verge

 2023

 2023

 Rental Revenue

 $

 3,575

 $

 2,194

 Revenue – other

 4,112

 2,524

 Depreciation and amortization

 4,006

 2,458

 2,798

 1,718

 7,801

 4,788

 Total operating loss

 ( 3,689

)

 ( 2,264

)

 ( 5,350

)

 ( 3,283

)

 Net loss before tax

 $

 ( 9,039

)

 $

 ( 5,547

)

 3.
 Related Party Transactions.

 The Company is a party to an Administrative
Services Agreement which resulted from our January 30, 2015 spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. (Patriot). The Administrative
Services Agreement sets forth the terms on which Patriot will provide to FRP certain services that were shared prior to the Spin-off,
including the services of certain employees and executive officers. The boards of the respective companies amended and extended this agreement
for one year effective April 1, 2023.

 The consolidated statements of income reflect
charges and/or allocation from Patriot for these services of $ 925,000 and $ 893,000 for 2023 and 2022, respectively. These charges are
reflected as part of corporate expenses.

 To determine these allocations between FRP
and Patriot as set forth in the Administrative Services Agreement, we employ an allocation method to allocate said expenses and thus we
believe that the allocations to FRP are a reasonable approximation of the costs related to FRP's operations, but any such related-party
transactions cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm's-length basis.

 4.
 Debt.

 Debt is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 Fixed rate mortgage loans, 3.03% interest only, matures 4/1/2033

 $

 180,070

 180,070

 Unamortized debt issuance costs

 ( 1,365

)

 ( 1,513

)

 Credit agreement

 —

 —

 Long term debt

 $

 The aggregate amount of principal payments,
excluding the revolving credit, due subsequent to December 31, 2023 is: 2024 - $ 0; 2025 - $ 0; 2026 - $ 0; 2027 - $ 0; 2028 and subsequent
years - $ 180,070,000.

 On December 22, 2023, the Company entered
into a 2023 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo"),
effective December 22, 2023. The Credit Agreement modifies the Company's prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo dated January 30,
2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a three -year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $ 35 million. The interest
rate under the Credit Agreement will be 2.25 % over the Daily Simple SOFR in effect. A commitment fee of 0.35 % per annum is payable quarterly
on the unused portion of the commitment. As of December 31, 2023, there was no debt outstanding on this revolver, $ 823,000 outstanding
under letters of credit and $ 34,177,000 available for borrowing. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to
state agencies related to real estate development. Most of the letters of credit are irrevocable for a period of one year and typically
are automatically extended for additional one-year periods. The letter of credit fee is 2.25 % and applicable interest rate would have
been 7.64 % on December 31, 2023. The credit agreement contains affirmative financial covenants and negative covenants, including a minimum
tangible net worth. As of December 31, 2023, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends to a maximum of $ 94 million
combined.

 On November 17, 2017, Dock 79 borrowed a
principal sum of $ 90,000,000 pursuant to a Loan Agreement and Deed of Trust Note entered into with EagleBank. The loan was secured by
the Dock 79 real property and improvements, bore a fixed interest rate of 4.125 % per annum and had a term of 120 months. The loan was
paid in full on March 19, 2021. A prepayment penalty of $ 900,000 was recorded into interest expense in the quarter ending March 31, 2021.

 Effective March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated
the assets (at current fair value), liabilities and operating results of our Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC partnership ("The
Maren") which was previously accounted for under the equity method. As such the full amount of our mortgage loan was recorded in
the consolidated financial statements.

 On March 19, 2021, the Company
refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers
Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $ 92,070,000
and $ 88,000,000
respectively, in connection with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and
improvements, bear a fixed interest rate of 3.03 %
per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal in full due April 1, 2033. Either
loan may be prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be transferred to a qualified
buyer as part of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer
fee.

 Debt cost amortization of $ 148,000 and $ 148,000
was recorded in 2023 and 2022, respectively. During 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized interest costs of $1,336,000 and $2,601,000,
respectively.

 The Company was in compliance with all debt
covenants as of December 31, 2023.

 5.
 Leases.

 The Company is a lessor of residential apartment homes,
retail portions of mixed-use communities, commercial properties, and open pit aggregates quarries.

 Residential

 The Company's residential spaces generally lease
for 12 – 15-month lease terms and 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal.
If no notice to move out or renew is made, then the leases go to month to month until notification of termination or renewal is received.
Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. In 2021, due to the DC legislation in place freezing rent increases as a part of
a covid relief plan, FRP was unable

 to increase rental rates for renewals. This legislation
was lifted in February 2022.

 Retail

 The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use
properties. The retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another five years. Retail leases at
these properties also include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by
each individual lease. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis.

 Commercial & Office

 The Company's industrial warehouses typically
lease for terms ranging from 3 – 10 years often with one or two renewal options. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-lined
basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net and common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed monthly, and insurance
and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service therefore there is
no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis.

 Mining

 The Company leases land under long-term leases that
grant the lessee the right to mine and sell sand and stone deposits from our property in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease
has an option to extend the lease for additional terms.

 At December 31, 2023, the total Carrying
value of property owned by the Company which is leased or held for lease to others is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 Construction aggregates property

 $

 46,817

 Commercial property

 103,293

 Residential/mixed-use property

 294,975

 Carrying Value of property owned by the Company leased or held for lease, gross

 445,085

 Less accumulated depreciation and depletion

 67,266

 Carrying Value of property owned by the Company leased or held for lease, net

 $

 377,819

 The minimum future straight-lined rentals
due the Company on noncancelable leases as of December 31, 2023 are as follows: 2024 - $ 16,684,000; 2025 - $ 6,527,000; 2026 - $ 6,144,000;
2027 - $ 4,679,000; 2028 - $ 3,830,000; 2029 and subsequent years $ 30,830,000.

 6.
 Earnings per Share.

 The following details the computations of
the Basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 Years Ended December 31

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Common shares:

 Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period – shares used for basic earnings per common share

 9,420

 9,386

 9,355

 Common shares issuable under share based payments plans which are potentially dilutive

 Common shares used for diluted earnings per common share

 9,461

 9,435

 9,397

 $

 5,302

 4,565

 Earnings per common share:

 -basic

 $

 0.56

 0.49

 3.02

 -diluted

 $

 0.56

 0.48

 3.00

 For 2023 and 2022 the Company did not have
any outstanding anti-dilutive stock options. For 2021, 6,680 shares attributable to outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation
of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

 During 2023 the Company repurchased 36,909
shares at an average cost of $ 54.19. During 2021 the Company repurchased 6,004 shares at an average cost of $ 43.95.

 7.
 Stock-Based Compensation Plans.

 The Company has two Stock Option Plans (the
2006 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2016 Equity Incentive Option Plan) under which options for shares of common stock were granted to directors,
officers and key employees. The 2016 plan permits the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted
stock units, or stock awards. The options awarded under the plans have similar characteristics. All stock options are non-qualified and
expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock based compensation awarded to directors, officers and employees are exercisable immediately
or become exercisable in cumulative installments of 20% or 25% at the end of each year following the date of grant. When stock options
are exercised the Company issues new shares after receipt of exercise proceeds and taxes due, if any, from the grantee.

 The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes valuation
model for estimating fair value of stock compensation for options awarded to officers and employees. Each grant is evaluated based upon
assumptions at the time of grant. The assumptions were no dividend yield, expected volatility between 31.53 % and 41.17 %, risk-free interest
rate of 2.0 % to 2.9 % and expected life of 5.0 to 7.0 years.

 The dividend yield of zero is based on the
fact that the Company does not pay cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. Expected volatility is estimated
based on the Company's historical experience over a period equivalent to the expected life in years. The risk-free interest rate
is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate at the date of grant with a term consistent with the expected life of the
options granted. The expected life calculation is based on the observed and expected time to exercise options by the employees.

 In January 2023, 7,980 shares of restricted
stock were granted to employees that will vest over the next four years. In January 2023, 15,032 shares of restricted stock were granted
to employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. In March 2023, 2,272 shares of restricted
stock were granted to employees under the terms of the 2021 long-term incentive plan. In January 2022, 7,448 shares of restricted stock
were granted to employees that will vest over the next four years. In January 2022, 14,016 shares of restricted stock were granted to
employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. In January 2021, 8,896 shares of restricted stock
were granted to employees that will vest over the next four years. In January 2021, 18,882 shares of restricted stock were granted to
employees as part of a long-term incentive plan that will vest over the next five years. The number of common shares available for future
issuance was 344,077 at December 31, 2023. In January 2023, January 2022 and January 2021 928, 865 and 1,098 shares of stock, respectively,
were granted to employees rather than stock options as in prior years.

 The Company recorded the following Stock
compensation expense in its consolidated statements of income (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Stock option grants

 $

 Restricted stock awards

 1,028

 Employee stock grant

 Annual director stock award

 Stock compensation

 $

 1,738

 1,569

 1,111

 A Summary of changes in outstanding options
is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

 Number

 of

 Exercise

 Remaining

 Grant Date

 Options

 Price

 Term (yrs)

 Fair Value(000's)

 Outstanding at

 January 1, 2021

 120,089

 $

 35.33

 5.3

 $

 1,531

 Exercised

 ( 15,334

)

 $

 17.54

 $

 ( 115

)

 Outstanding at

 December 31, 2021

 104,755

 $

 37.93

 4.8

 $

 1,416

 Exercised

 ( 16,460

)

 $

 25.07

 $

 ( 145

)

 Outstanding at

 December 31, 2022

 88,295

 $

 40.33

 4.4

 $

 1,271

 Exercised

 ( 24,855

)

 $

 41.21

 $

 ( 290

)

 Outstanding at

 December 31, 2023

 63,440

 $

 39.99

 3.5

 $

 Exercisable at

 December 31, 2023

 63,440

 $

 39.99

 3.5

 $

 Vested during

 twelve months ended

 December 31, 2023

 3,990

 $

 The following table summarizes information
concerning Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023:

 Range of Exercise

 under

 Prices per Share

 Option

 Exercise Price

 Remaining Life

 Exercisable:

 $26.96 - $33.70

 15,630

 28.95

 1.4

 $33.70 - $42.13

 12,000

 38.45

 3.0

 $42.13 - $45.97

 35,810

 45.32

 4.5

 Total

 63,440

 $

 39.99

 3.5

 Years

 The aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable
in-the-money options was $ 1,452,000 and the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding in-the-money options was $ 1,452,000 based on the
market closing price of $ 62.88 on December 29, 2023 less exercise prices.

 Gains of $ 384,000 were realized by option
holders during the year ended December 31, 2023.

 A summary of Changes in restricted stock
awards is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

 Number

 Of

 Exercise

 Remaining

 Grant Date

 Restricted stock

 Price

 Term (yrs)

 Fair Value(000's)

 Non-vested at January 1, 2021

 20,520

 $

 46.30

 3.4

 $

 Time-based awards granted

 8,896

 45.55

 Performance-based awards granted

 18,882

 45.55

 Vested

 ( 2,224

)

 45.55

 ( 101

)

 Non-vested at December 31, 2021

 46,074

 $

 45.88

 3.1

 $

 2,114

 Time-based awards granted

 7,448

 57.80

 Performance-based awards granted

 14,016

 57.80

 Vested

 ( 15,679

)

 47.56

 ( 746

)

 Forfeited

 ( 1,363

)

 46.30

 ( 63

)

 Non-vested at December 31, 2022

 50,496

 $

 50.42

 3.0

 $

 2,546

 Time-based awards granted

 7,980

 53.86

 Performance-based awards granted

 17,304

 53.92

 Vested

 ( 21,053

)

 48.06

 ( 1,012

)

 Non-vested at December 31, 2023

 54,727

 $

 52.94

 2.8

 $

 2,897

 Total unrecognized compensation cost of
restricted stock granted but not yet vested as of December 31, 2023 was $ 2,469,000 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average
period of 2.9 years.

 8.
 Income Taxes.

 The Provision for income tax expense included
in the financial statements (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Included in Net income:

 Continuing operations

 $

 1,516

 1,530

 10,281

 Comprehensive income

 ( 515

)

 ( 209

)

 Total tax expense

 $

 2,067

 1,015

 10,072

 The Provision for income taxes (income tax
benefit) consists of the following (in thousands):

 Year Ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Current:

 Federal

 $

 ( 214

)

 State

 ( 571

)

 1,826

 Current income tax expense

 ( 785

)

 2,131

 Deferred

 1,495

 1,800

 7,941

 Total

 $

 2,067

 1,015

 10,072

 The deferred taxes are primarily related
to the bonus depreciation on property placed in service.

 As of December 31, 2023 the company has
deferred taxes of approximately $ 35 million associated with $ 143 million of gains on sales reinvested through Opportunity Zone investments.
 These taxes are deferred until the earlier of the sale of the related investments or April 15, 2027 and 10% of gains are excluded from
tax once the investments are held five years plus an additional 5% is excluded at seven year s.

 A reconciliation between the amount of tax
shown above and the amount computed at the statutory Federal income tax rate follows (in thousands): Income tax reconciliation

 Year Ended December 31

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Amount computed at statutory

 Federal rate

 $

 1,812

 7,941

 State income taxes (net of Federal

 income tax benefit)

 ( 30

)

 2,634

 Other, net

 ( 503

)

 Provision for income taxes

 $

 2,067

 1,015

 10,072

 In this reconciliation, the category "Other,
net" consists of permanent tax differences related to non-deductible expenses, special tax rates and tax credits, interest paid
and penalties, and adjustments to prior year estimates. The effective state income tax rate in 2022 and 2023 was favorably impacted both
by apportioned interest income in Florida and taxable losses in states with higher income tax rates.

 The
types of temporary differences and their related tax effects that give rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are
presented below (in thousands): Temporary tax differences

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Property and equipment

 $

 42,317

 41,866

 38,143

 Investment in opportunity zone

 34,966

 34,871

 30,846

 Depletion

 Unrealized rents

 Prepaid expenses and other

 Gross deferred tax liabilities

 78,630

 77,615

 69,787

 Deferred tax assets:

 Federal tax loss carryforwards

 3,153

 6,375

 3,235

 State tax loss carryforwards

 6,012

 2,359

 1,388

 Employee benefits and other

 1,117

 Gross deferred tax assets

 9,174

 9,655

 5,740

 Net deferred tax liability

 $

 69,456

 67,960

 64,047

 NOL Carryovers

 Years Ended

 Other Items - All Gross

 12/31/2023

 12/31/2022

 State NOL Carryovers

 49,278,000

 38,169,000

 Federal NOL Carryovers

 28,637,000

 30,358,000

 The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits.

 FRP tax returns in the U.S. and various
states that include the Company are subject to audit by taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2023, the earliest tax year that remains
open for audit is 2018. Our effective income tax expense may vary,

 possibly materially, due to projected effective
state tax rates.

 9.
 Employee Benefits.

 The Company and certain subsidiaries have
a savings/profit sharing plan for the benefit of qualified employees. The savings feature of the plan incorporates the provisions of Section
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code under which an eligible employee may elect to save a portion (within limits) of their compensation
on a tax deferred basis. The Company contributes to a participant's account an amount equal to 50 % (with certain limits) of the
participant's contribution. Additionally, the Company may make an annual discretionary contribution to the plan as determined by
the Board of Directors, with certain limitations. The plan provides for deferred vesting with benefits payable upon retirement or earlier
termination of employment. The Company's cost was $ 59,000 in 2023 and $ 54,000 in 2022.

 The Company has a deferred compensation
plan, the Management Security Plan (MSP) for our President. The accruals for future benefits are based upon actuarial assumptions. Life
insurance on his life has been purchased to partially fund this benefit and the Company is the owner and beneficiary of that policy. The
expense for 2023 and 2022, was $ 12,000 and $ 10,000, respectively. The accrued benefit under this plan as of December 31, 2023 and December
31, 2022 was $ 1,409,000 and $ 1,354,000, respectively.

 10.
 Business Segments.

 The Company is reporting its financial performance
based on four reportable segments, Industrial and Commercial (previously named Asset Management), Mining Royalty Lands, Development, and
Multifamily (previously named Stabilized Joint Venture), as described below.

 The Industrial and Commercial Segment owns, leases
and manages in-service commercial properties wholly owned by the Company. Currently this includes nine warehouses in two business parks,
an office building partially occupied by the Company, and two ground leases.

 Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment owns several properties
totaling approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (this does not include the 4,280 acres owned in
our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in
Florida and Georgia.

 Through our Development Segment, we own
and are continuously assessing the highest and best use of several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall
strategy in this segment is to convert all of our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of
constructing new buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development
segment will form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company.

 The Multifamily Segment includes joint ventures
which own, lease and manage buildings that have met our initial lease-up criteria. Two of our joint ventures in the segment, Riverfront
Investment Partners I, LLC ("Dock 79") and Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC ("The Maren") are consolidated.
The Maren was consolidated effective March 31, 2021 and prior periods are still reflected under the equity method. The ownership of Dock
79 and The Maren attributable to our partners are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. Such noncontrolling
interests are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity but separately from shareholders' equity. On the Consolidated
Statements of Income, all of the revenues and expenses from Dock 79 are reported in net income, including both the amounts attributable
to the Company and the noncontrolling interest. The Maren is reflected in Equity in loss of joint ventures on the Consolidated Statements
of Income for the periods up to March 31, 2021 but is reflected like Dock 79 for periods commencing April 1, 2021. The amounts of consolidated
net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is clearly identified on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

 Operating results and certain other financial
data for the Company's business segments are as follows (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 2021

 $

 5,354

 3,681

 2,575

 12,527

 10,683

 9,465

 1,801

 1,674

 1,563

 21,824

 21,443

 17,617

 $

 31,220

 Operating profit:

 Before corporate expenses:

 $

 2,551

 1,592

 11,009

 9,305

 8,558

 ( 1,954

)

 ( 2,791

)

 ( 2,548

)

 4,096

 3,552

 ( 1,277

)

 15,702

 11,658

 5,345

 Corporate expenses:

 Allocated to Industrial and Commercial

 ( 787

)

 ( 632

)

 ( 843

)

 Allocated to Mining royalty lands

 ( 449

)

 ( 414

)

 ( 318

)

 Allocated to Development

 ( 2,387

)

 ( 2,284

)

 ( 1,557

)

 Allocated to Multifamily

 ( 379

)

 ( 332

)

 ( 353

)

 ( 4,002

)

 ( 3,662

)

 ( 3,071

)

 $

 7,996

 2,274

 $

 4,315

 3,045

 2,304

 Depreciation, depletion and amortization:

 $

 1,374

 8,768

 9,535

 11,752

 $

 10,821

 12,737

 Capital expenditures:

 $

 1,284

 11,218

 9,990

 14,521

 14,242

 $

 27,615

 16,530

 Identifiable net assets:

 Identifiable net assets at end of period:

 $

 38,784

 26,053

 23,897

 48,072

 48,494

 37,627

 212,384

 188,834

 176,386

 249,750

 257,535

 266,429

 Investments available for sale

 Investments available for sale at fair value

 —

 —

 4,317

 Cash

 Cash items

 158,415

 178,294

 162,273

 Unallocated corporate assets

 1,761

 1,874

 7,261

 $

 678,190

 11.
 Fair Value Measurements.

 Fair value is defined as the price that
would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement
date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level
1 means the use of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 means the use of values that are derived
principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 means the use of inputs are those that are unobservable and significant
to the overall fair value measurement.

 At December 31, 2023, the Company was invested in
U.S. Treasury notes valued at $ 128,795,000 maturing through mid-2024. The unrealized gain on these investments of $ 1,000 was recorded
as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1).

 At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying
amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents including U.S. Treasury notes was adjusted to fair value
as described above.

 The fair values of the Company's other
mortgage notes payable were estimated based on current rates available to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. At December
31, 2023, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $ 180,070,000 and $ 145,678,000, respectively. At December
31, 2022, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $ 180,070,000 and $ 142,785,000, respectively.

 12.
 Contingent Liabilities.

 The Company may be involved in litigation
on a number of matters and is subject to certain claims which arise in the normal course of business. The Company has retained certain
self-insurance risks with respect to losses for third party liability and property damage. In the opinion of management, none of these
matters are expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations
or cash flows.

 The Company is subject to numerous environmental
laws and regulations. The Company believes that the ultimate disposition of currently known environmental matters will not have a material
effect on its financial position, liquidity, or operations. The Company can give no assurance that previous environmental studies with
respect to its properties have revealed all potential environmental contaminants; that any previous owner, occupant or tenant did not
create any material environmental condition not known to the Company; that the current environmental condition of the properties will
not be affected by tenants and occupants, by the condition of nearby properties, or by unrelated third parties; and that changes in applicable
environmental laws and regulations or their interpretation will not result in additional environmental liability to the Company.

 As of December 31, 2023, there was $ 823,000
outstanding under letters of credit. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to state agencies related to real
estate development.

 The Company and MRP previously guaranteed
$ 26 million of the construction loan on the Bryant Street Partnerships in exchange for a 1 % lower interest rate. The value of the guarantee
was calculated at $ 1.9 million based on the present value of the 1% interest savings over the anticipated 48-month term. This amount is
included as part of the Company's investment basis and was amortized to expense over the 48 months. In December 2023 this loan was
paid in full with proceeds from another lender and contributions by the Company and MRP. The Company recorded a gain of $ 1.9 million in
December 2023 as the guarantee liability was relieved.

 The Company and MidAtlantic Realty Partners (MRP)
provided a guaranty for the interest carry cost of $ 110 million loan on the Bryant Street Partnerships issued in December 2023. The Company
and MRP have a side agreement limiting the Company's guarantee to its proportionate ownership. The value of the guarantee was calculated
at $ 1.5 million based on

 the present value of the our assumption of 0.8 %
interest savings over the anticipated 36 -month term. This amount is included as part of the Company's investment basis and is amortized
to expense over the 36 months. The Company will evaluate the guarantee liability based upon the success of the project and assuming no
payments are made under the guarantee, the Company will have a gain for $ 1.5 million when the loan is paid in full.

 13.
 Commitments.

 The Company, at December 31, 2023, had entered
into various contracts to develop and maintain real estate with remaining commitments totaling $ 16.8 million.

 As of December 31, 2023, we had additional
financing commitments to our residential development lending ventures totaling $ 11.7 million of which $ 6.5 million is budgeted for
in 2024.

 14.
 Concentrations.

 The mining royalty lands segment has a total of five
tenants currently leasing mining locations and one lessee that accounted for 24 % of the Company's consolidated revenues during 2023
and $ 289,000 of accounts receivable at December 31, 2023. The termination of these lessees' underlying leases could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with Wells Fargo Bank and First Horizon Bank. At
times, such amounts may exceed FDIC limits.

 15.
 Unusual or Infrequent Items Impacting Results.

 On March 31, 2021, the Company consolidated the assets
(at fair value), liabilities and operating results of The Maren real estate partnership. The consolidation resulted in a gain on remeasurement
of investment in real estate partnership of $ 51,139,000 of which $ 13,965,000 was attributed to noncontrolling interest.

 16.
 Intangible Assets.

 The Company has allocated the purchase price of property
acquisitions based upon the fair value of the assets acquired, consisting of land, buildings and intangible assets, including in-place
leases and below market leases. These deferred leasing intangible assets are recorded within Deferred Costs and Deferred lease intangible,
net in the consolidated balance sheets. The value of the in-place lease intangibles will be amortized over the remaining lease terms.
The fair value assigned pertaining to the above market in-place leases values are amortized as a reduction to rental revenue, and the
below market in-place lease values are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective
leases.

 The Company reviews intangible assets for
impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability
of long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected
to be generated by those assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment charge recognized is the amount by which
the carrying amounts of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

 The Company had the following Acquired lease
intangibles (in thousands):

 2023

 2022

 In-place leases

 $

 9,660

 $

 9,660

 Accumulated amortization

 $

 ( 9,385

)

 $

 ( 9,357

)

 Acquired intangible assets, net

 $

 $

 Amortization expense for in-place leases
was $ 29,000 and $ 559,000 for 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in the Depreciation, depletion and amortization line in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 The Estimated aggregate amortization from
acquired lease intangibles for the next five years are as follows (in thousands):

 Amortization

 Year Ending

 of in-place

 lease intangibles

 2024

 $

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 17.
 Contributions from partner.

 On November 4, 2022 the Company sold a 20 % ownership
interest in tenancy-in-common (TIC) of Dock 79 and The Maren for $ 65.3 million to a new partner Steuart Investment Company (SIC). Net
of the mortgage assumption of $ 36.0 million and the Company's share of transfer taxes and other transactions costs of $ 1.4 million
the net contribution was $ 27.9 million. Of this amount $ 9.3 million was distributed to MRP and $ 18.6 million to the Company. A reallocation
of partners' interest of $ 7.7 million was recorded to Capital in excess of par value for the difference between the $ 18.6 million
consideration received by the company and the net book value of the Company's share of assets sold. Deferred income tax expense
of $ 2.1 million was recorded to Capital in excess of par value on the Company's reallocation. The Company continues to consolidate
both properties because of continued control over major decisions for both properties.

 18.
 Subsequent Events.

 Subsequent to the end of the year, on March 6, 2024,
FRP Holdings, Inc announced that it intends to effect a forward stock split of its common stock at a ratio of 2 post-split shares for
every 1 pre-split share. The record date for the split will be April 1, 2024, and the payment date is April 12, 2024. The stock split
will increase the number of issued shares of the Company's common stock from 9,500,300 shares to 19,000,600 shares.

 The following table shows the Historical earnings
per share and the pro forma earnings per share assuming the stock split was effective:

 2023

 2022

 2021

 Historical Earnings per common share:

 Net Income attributable to the Company -

 Basic

 $

 0.56

 0.49

 3.02

 $

 0.56

 0.48

 3.00

 Pro Forma Earnings per common share (unaudited):

 Net Income attributable to the Company -

 Basic

 $

 0.28

 0.24

 1.51

 $

 0.28

 0.24

 1.50

 Report of Management

 Management's Responsibility for the Financial
Statements

 Management of the Company is responsible
for the preparation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial
statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States appropriate in the circumstances
and, accordingly, include certain amounts based on our best judgments and estimates. Financial information in this Annual Report on Form
10-K is consistent with that in the financial statements.

 Management of the Company is responsible
for establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Our internal control system is supported by a program
of internal audits and appropriate reviews by management, written policies and guidelines, careful selection and training of qualified
personnel, and a written Code of Business Conduct adopted by our Company's Board of Directors, applicable to all officers and employees
of our Company and subsidiaries.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and, even when determined to be effective, can only provide reasonable
assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Management's Report on Internal Control
Over Financial Reporting

 Management of the Company is responsible
for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"). Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) ("COSO") in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on
this assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2023.

 The Company's independent auditors, Hancock
Askew& Co., LLP, a registered public accounting firm, are appointed by the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, subject
to ratification by our Company's shareholders. Hancock Askew & Co., LLP has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements
of FRP Holdings, Inc. The report of the independent auditors is contained in this annual report.

 Audit Committee's Responsibility

 The Audit Committee of our Company's Board
of Directors, composed solely of Directors who are independent in accordance with the requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing
standards, the Exchange Act, and the Company's Corporate Governance Guidelines, meets with the independent auditors, management and internal
auditors periodically to discuss internal controls and auditing and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee reviews with the
independent auditors the scope and results of the audit effort. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors
and the chief internal auditor without management present to ensure that the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor have
free access to the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee's Report can be found in the Company's Proxy Statement.

 Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm

 The Shareholders and Board of Directors FRP
Holdings, Inc.

 Opinion on the Financial Statements

 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets of FRP Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of
income, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December
31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023
and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023,
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 Basis for Opinion

 These consolidated financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial
statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards
of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we
engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding
of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's
internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 Our audits included performing procedures to assess
the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide
a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 Critical Audit Matter

 The critical audit matter communicated below is
a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated
to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involve
especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion
on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Real Estate Investment Accounting Assessment

 Description of Matter

 At December 31, 2023, the Company's investments
in real estate were $544 million including unconsolidated real estate ventures of $166 million. As explained in Note 1 to the consolidated
financial statements, the Company enters into real estate investments and performs an assessment as to which method of accounting is appropriate,
whether the proper accounting is to determine whether to use the cost or equity method to account for an investment or whether to consolidate
such investment. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements provides a detail of unconsolidated real estate investments.

 Application and auditing of the accounting treatment
of the Company's real estate investments, including the process of evaluating the use of the cost or equity method of accounting
or the evaluation of criteria for consolidation based on the variable interest entity (VIE) model or a voting interest entity (VOE) model,
is complex and requires significant judgment. This evaluation and analysis include the determination of which party, if any, has power
to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of each real estate venture and whether the venture has sufficient
equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated support. Factors considered by management in determining whether the
Company has the power to direct the activities include voting rights, involvement in day-to-day capital allocation and operating decisions
and the extent of the Company's involvement in the entity.

 How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

 We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design
and tested the operating effectiveness of relevant controls over the Company's qualitative analysis that determines whether the
Company has control over the venture, through influence, voting interest or through the presence of a variable interest in a real estate
venture that would require consolidation.

 For all investments in real estate ventures, our
procedures include reading the operating agreements and other relevant documents and evaluating the structure and terms of the agreements
and reviewing management's evaluation of control over the entity and the applicability of the variable interest model as compared
to the voting interest model. We evaluate management's determination of whether the investee has sufficient equity to finance its
activities without additional subordinated financial support and whether the equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling
financial interest. We consider management's determination on whether the Company is the primary beneficiary or has a controlling
financial interest that should be considered. We take into consideration evidence obtained in other areas of the audit, such as review
of board minutes and status of the projects development to determine if any reconsideration of the findings is necessary.

 Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006.

 March 26, 2024

 DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 Directors

 John D. Baker II (1)

 Chief Executive Officer of the Company

 David H. deVilliers, Jr.

 President of the Company

 Matthew S. McAfee (2)(3)(4)

 Founding Partner, Driver McAfee Hawthorne
& Diebenow, PLLC

 John S. Surface (2)(3)(4)

 Chief Executive Officer of Covis Services

 Martin E. Stein, Jr. (3)(4)

 Executive Chairman of Regency Centers Corporation

 Nicole B. Thomas (2)(3)(4)

 President of Baptist Medical Center Jacksonville

 William H. Walton (2)(3)(4)

 Co-Founder and Managing Member of Rockpoint
Group, LLC

 Margaret Wetherbee

 Attorney

 _______________

 (1) Member of the Executive Committee

 (2) Member of the Audit Committee

 (3) Member of the Compensation Committee

 (4) Member of the Nominating Committee

 Officers

 John D. Baker II

 Chief Executive Officer

 David H. deVilliers, Jr.

 President & Chief Operating Officer

 David H. deVilliers III

 Executive Vice President

 John D. Baker III

 Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer

 John D. Milton, Jr.

 Executive Vice President, Secretary &
General Counsel

 John D. Klopfenstein

 Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

 FRP Holdings, Inc.

 200 West Forsyth Street, 7th Floor

 Jacksonville, Florida, 32202

 Telephone: (904) 396-5733

 Annual Meeting

 Shareholders are cordially invited to attend
the 2024 annual meeting of shareholders on Wednesday, May 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time. This year's meeting will
be held virtually. To participate in the annual meeting, go to www.frpdev.com, click the Investors tab, and then click the link
titled "2024 Annual Shareholders Meeting".

 Transfer Agent

 Equiniti

 59 Maiden Lane

 Plaza Level

 New York, NY 10038

 Telephone: 1-800-937-5449

 General Counsel

 Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP

 Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm

 Hancock Askew & Co., LLP

 Common Stock Listed

 The Nasdaq Stock Market

 (Symbol: FRPH)

 Form 10-K

 Shareholders may receive, without charge,
a copy of FRP Holdings, Inc.'s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission by writing to the Treasurer at 200 West Forsyth Street, 7th Floor, Jacksonville, Florida 32202. The most recent certifications
by our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002 are filed as exhibits to our Form 10-K.

 Company Website

 The Company's website may be accessed
at www.frpdev.com. All of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission can be accessed through our website promptly
after filing. This includes annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports filed or furnished
on Form 8-K and all related amendments.