UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended: September 30, 2024
 or

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from to.
 Commission file number: 001-34033

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 Delaware

 41-1532464

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 9350 Excelsior Blvd.
 Suite 700

 Hopkins
 Minnesota

 55343

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 ( 952) 912-3444
 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
 DGII
 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No
 The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the last business day of the Registrant's most recently competed second fiscal quarter was $ 1.13 billion based on a closing price of $31.93 per common share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and executive officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)
 Shares of common stock outstanding as of November 8, 2024: 36,582,896
 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III hereto.

 Page

 PART I.

 ITEM 1. Business

 ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

 ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

 ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

 ITEM 2. Properties

 ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

 ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 PART II.

 ITEM 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 ITEM 6. [Reserved]

 ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures

 ITEM 9B. Other Information

 PART III.

 ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 ITEM 11. Executive Compensation

 ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 PART IV.

 ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary

 i

 PART I.

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 General Background and Product Offerings
 Digi International Inc. ("Digi," "we," "our," or "us") was incorporated in 1985 as a Minnesota corporation. We reorganized as a Delaware corporation in 1989 in conjunction with our initial public offering. Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the "Nasdaq") under the symbol DGII. Our World Headquarters is located at 9350 Excelsior Blvd., Suite 700, Hopkins, Minnesota 55343. The telephone number at our World Headquarters is (952) 912-3444.
 We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical Internet of Things ("IoT") connectivity products, services and solutions. We help our customers deploy, monitor and manage critical communications infrastructures that deliver important information in demanding environments with high levels of security and reliability. We have two reportable segments under applicable accounting standards: (i) IoT Products & Services; and (ii) IoT Solutions.
 Our IoT Products & Services segment offers products and services that help original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") as well as enterprise and government customers create and deploy secure IoT connectivity solutions. These include embedded and wireless modules, console servers, enterprise and industrial routers as well as other infrastructure management equipment to meet our customers' IoT communication requirements. In addition, this segment provides our customers with device management platform services, as well as other professional services to enable customers to capture and manage data from devices connected to networks.
 Our IoT Solutions segment consists of our SmartSense by Digi business and our Managed Network–as–a-Service ("MNaaS") business acquired via our November 2021 acquisition of Ventus Wireless, LLC and affiliated entities ("Ventus"). SmartSense by Digi offers wireless temperature and other condition-based monitoring services as well as employee task management services. These solutions focus on the following vertical markets: food service, healthcare (primarily pharmacies and hospitals) and supply chain. Ventus is a leader in the provision of MNaaS solutions that simplify the complexity of enterprise-wide area network ("WAN") connectivity for customers. The Ventus portfolio includes cellular wireless and fixed line WAN solutions for an array of connectivity applications in banking, healthcare, retail, gaming, hospitality and other sectors.
 For more in-depth descriptions of our products and services, please refer to the heading "Principal Products and Services" at the end of Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.
 Our corporate website address is www.digi.com. In the "Company–Investor Relations" section of our website, we make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, our annual proxy statement and any amendments to these reports available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
 Industry and Marketplace Conditions
 We believe the IoT industry is in the midst of a multi-year expansion as many industries are undergoing a digital transformation within their business that drives demand for IoT capabilities across a broad spectrum of services. Among others, IoT use cases include providing and maintaining secure connectivity and monitoring of operating assets, condition-based monitoring of perishable goods, enabling remote work by employees and automating workflows and operations.
 Our IoT Products & Services segment represented the majority of our sales in fiscal 2024. This segment sells both wired and wireless products that either are embedded into the products of OEMs or serve as stand-alone products. These offerings allow our customers to connect a wide range of assets to networks. Historically the revenues from this segment have been based on one-time product sales. More recently we have placed greater emphasis on selling subscription-based solutions across this product portfolio. For example, during fiscal 2024 we launched the Digi LifeCycle Assurance subscription solution, and we recently announced the launch of the Digi 360 subscription solution.
 Our IoT Solutions segment is comprised primarily of our SmartSense by Digi and Ventus offerings. The offerings in this segment are primarily offered on a subscription model and provide us with a stable base of higher-margin recurring revenues.
 While we expect an ongoing long-term trend of marketplace growth, each of our business segments is susceptible to downturns either because of general macro-economic conditions, the continued development of technology that can make products less competitive or even obsolete and uncertainty or changes in regulatory environments. Given the current uncertainty in macro-economic conditions, including, but not limited to, potential recessionary conditions, global geopolitical conditions, supply

 chain disruptions globally and the uncertain status of large project-based customer deployment opportunities, our results during fiscal 2025 may be inconsistent quarter to quarter or with historical results.
 Strategy
 We remain focused on taking steps that we believe will deliver consistent, long-term growth with higher levels of profitability. This includes continuously reviewing and managing the product, service and solution offerings we provide to align with customer interests and meet market demand. In addition, acquisitions historically have helped significantly advance our offerings and driven growth and profitability, in both business segments. While our last acquisition was completed in fiscal 2022, we do expect to continue to be active in making further acquisitions. While it is possible we will complete smaller transactions, we primarily are focusing our efforts for future potential acquisitions on opportunities of scale with the potential to enhance subscription based recurring revenue. In addition, we recently have announced our intention to discontinue the production and sale of certain older products in our IoT Products & Services Segment which are not core to our long-term growth objectives.
 IoT Products & Services Segment
 Our IoT Products & Services segment is managed so our product management, research and development and sales personnel are aligned along specific product lines. We believe this management structure brings greater market focus and potential growth to our product lines. We also continue to drive efforts to pair our hardware offerings with our Digi Remote Manager device management platform as well as other support services, as shown by the launch of the Digi LifeCycle Assurance subscription solution and the recently announced launch of the Digi 360 subscription solution. These bundled offerings are sold on a subscription basis and allow customers to monitor and manage the performance of our hardware remotely. As of September 30, 2024 the (Annualized Recurring Revenue ("ARR") of this segment was $24 million. Please see "Key Business Metrics" section in Part II, Item 7 for additional details on how ARR is measured.
 IoT Solutions Segment
 Our IoT Solutions segment is managed with a focus on recurring typically high margin subscription-based revenues. We believe capturing enterprise-level deals should be a driver of growth, leveraging our direct sales model to achieve this. Our offerings provide comprehensive hardware-enabled software solutions. The segment represents nearly 25% of total revenues. As of September 30, 2024 the ARR of this segment was $92 million. We have long-term high organic growth expectations.
 Acquisitions and Dispositions
 Acquisitions
 Our acquisition of Ventus in fiscal 2022 described above is the only acquisition we have completed during our fiscal years 2022 through 2024.
 Sales Channels
 A significant portion of our IoT Products & Services segment sales are made through a global network of distributors, systems integrators and value-added resellers ("VARs"). These third parties accounted for 56.7%, 59.9% and 50.0% of our total consolidated revenue in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our IoT Solutions segment does not sell through these channels. The remaining 43.3%, 40.1% and 50.0% of our total consolidated revenue in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively is sold through our dedicated sales organization.
 Distributors
 Our larger distributors, by sales volume, include Arrow Electronics, Avnet, Bressner Technology GmbH, Digi-Key, Express Systems & Peripherals, Ingram Micro, Mouser Electronics, Solsta, Symmetry Electronics, Synnex, Tokyo Electron Device and Venco Electr nica S.A. We also maintain relationships with many other distributors both domestically and internationally.
 Strategic Sales Relationships
 We maintain alliances with other industry leaders to develop and market technology solutions. These include many major communications hardware and software vendors, operating system suppliers, computer hardware manufacturers, enterprise application providers and cellular carriers. Among others, relationships include: AT&T, AWS, Google, Kore, Novotech, NXP, Orange, Qualcomm, Silicon Laboratories, T-Mobile, Telus, Verizon, Vodafone, Westbase and several other cellular carriers worldwide.

 We have established relationships with equipment vendors in a range of industries such as energy, industrial, retail, transportation, medical, and government that allow these partners to ship our products and services as component parts of their overall solutions. Our products utilize many of the world's leading telecommunications companies and Internet service providers, including, among others, AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon.
 No single customer comprised more than 10% of our consolidated revenue for any of the fiscal years 2024, 2023 or 2022. In general, our sales are not considered to be highly seasonal, although our first fiscal quarter revenue is often less than other quarters due to holidays and fewer business days.
 Competition
 We compete primarily in the communications technology industry. This industry is characterized by rapid technological advances and evolving industry standards. This market can be affected significantly by new product introductions and marketing activities of industry participants. It is possible new market entrants could market and sell disruptive technologies that impact one or more of our product or service offerings. In addition, we may compete with other companies to acquire new businesses or technologies and the competition to secure such assets may be intense. We compete for customers on the basis of existing and planned product features, service and software application capabilities, company reputation, brand recognition, technical support, alliance relationships, the quality and reliability of our offerings, product development capabilities, price and availability. While no competitor offers a comparable range of products and services, various companies do compete with us with respect to one or more of our products or solutions. With respect to many of our product and service offerings, we face competition from companies who dedicate more resources and attention to that particular offering than we are able to, given the breadth of our business as well as the greater general business scale of some of these competitors. As the marketplace for IoT connectivity products and solutions continues to grow, we expect to encounter increased competition. Some of these competitors may have access to significantly more financial and technical resources than we possess which could give them advantages in their ability to develop new and better offerings, to meet customer demands, to comply more quickly with new regulatory regimes and to promote and sell their products.
 Manufacturing Operations
 We outsource our manufacturing operations to certain contract manufacturers, which are located primarily in Thailand, Mexico, Taiwan, Cambodia and China. We rely on third party foundries or companies who rely on third party foundries for our semiconductor devices that are Application Specific Integrated Circuits ("ASICs"). These foundries are located primarily in Taiwan. We also outsource printed circuit board production. By outsourcing our operations to these manufacturers, we can leverage the manufacturing strength of our vendors, which allows us to focus on new product introductions. In addition, it allows us to reduce our fixed costs, maintain production flexibility and optimize our profits.
 Our products are manufactured to our designs with standard and custom components. Most of the components are available from multiple vendors. We have several single-sourced supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous to us. As disclosed elsewhere, our manufacturing operations, like those of other companies, are dependent on relationships with these suppliers who, like us, are subject to potential supply chain disruptions. If these suppliers are unable to provide a timely and reliable supply of components, we could experience manufacturing delays that could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations in a material way. In recent quarters, inventory on hand has returned to historical levels, but we will continue to monitor whether adjustments to inventory levels are necessary. Further, a range of conditions and circumstances beyond our control such as global conflicts, recessionary economic conditions in various regions of the world or a recurrence of a global pandemic could disrupt the availability of raw materials and components as well as our capacity to make and distribute our products.
 Research & Development and Intellectual Property Rights
 Due to rapidly changing technology in the communications technology industry, we believe a large part of our success depends upon the product and service development skills of our personnel as well as our ability to integrate any acquired technologies with organically developed technologies. While we dedicate significant resources to research and development, many of our competitors are focused on a smaller set of products than us and are likely able to dedicate more resources than us toward the portions of the market in which we compete with them.
 Our proprietary rights and technology are protected by a combination of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks.
 We have established common law and registered trademark rights on a family of marks for a number of our products. Our IoT Products & Services primarily are sold under the Digi, Rabbit, Digi XBee, and Opengear brands. We believe that the Digi and Rabbit brands have established strong identities with our targeted customer base and our customers associate the Digi brand with "reliability" and the Rabbit brand with "ease of integration." We believe that our customers associate Digi XBee with

 "ease of use." Many of our customers choose us because they are building a very complex system solution and they want the highest level in product reliability and ease of integration and use. Our IoT Solutions are offered under the Ventus and SmartSense by Digi brands.
 Our patents are applicable to specific technologies and are valid for varying periods of time based on the date of patent application or patent grant in the U.S. and the legal term of patents in the various foreign countries where patent protection is obtained. We believe our intellectual property has significant value and is an important factor in the marketing of our company and products.
 HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
 Digi's workforce consists of 805 employees globally as of September 30, 2024. We believe we have a good working relationship with our employees.
 Culture
 At Digi we promote cultural imperatives that drive our approach to our daily work and our customer care:
 • Customer focus
 • Start-up urgency
 • Positive Energy - Bring solutions to problems
 • Commitment to outcomes & results
 • Embrace Diversity & Inclusion
 • Caring
 These core values define the way we do business with integrity in our everyday actions and choices. We strive to create a respectful work environment characterized by mutual trust and the absence of intimidation, oppression, discrimination and exploitation.
 Talent
 Successful execution of our strategy is dependent on attracting, developing and retaining key employees and members of our management team. The skills, experience and industry knowledge of our employees significantly benefit our operations and performance. We continuously evaluate, modify, and enhance our internal processes and technologies to increase employee engagement, productivity, and efficiency.
 We are committed to promoting and cultivating an inclusive, diverse culture that welcomes and celebrates everyone without bias. In addition, we actively engage within our communities to foster social equity.
 Compensation Philosophy
 Our compensation philosophy creates the framework and building blocks for our rewards strategy. We have a pay-for-performance culture that ties compensation to the performance of the individual and the company. We provide balanced compensation programs that focus on the following five key elements:
 • Pay-for-performance - Reward and recognize leading contributors and high potentials;
 • External market based - Pay levels that are competitive with respect to the labor market in which we compete for talent;
 • Internal equity - Providing for fair pay relationships within the Company;
 • Fiscal responsibility - Providing affordable programs that are within our budget; and
 • Legal compliance - Ensure the organization is legally compliant with all laws applicable to our business.
 Health and Wellness
 We are committed to providing a competitive and comprehensive benefits package to our employees. Our benefits package provides a balance of protection along with the flexibility to meet the individual health and wellness needs of our employees.

 PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
 Our primary products and services for each reportable segment are:
 IoT Products & Services Segment
 Hardware Products
 Cellular Products – We provide a range of products that use cellular technology such as Long Term Evolution ("LTE"), LTE Advance Pro and 5th Generation wireless protocols to communicate with networks. These products are trusted by global leaders in agricultural, energy medical, lighting, digital signage, gaming, electric charging and transportation, as well as other industrial and enterprise markets including:
 • Cellular routers that help enterprise, government, industrial, transportation and OEM customers with their mission-critical wireless connectivity needs in challenging, remote and mobile environments.
 • Cellular modules that help OEM customers embed cellular communications abilities into their products so they can deploy and manage intelligent and secure cellular connected products. These modules help OEMs to get their products to market faster and with lower development costs and risks so they can focus on their core competencies instead of on wireless connectivity design.
 • Console servers that can be managed by software to provide secure, remote access to network equipment in data centers and at edge locations. These products primarily are used by IT organizations in large enterprises to maximize the availability of services to their customers and employees, and provide business continuity in the event of a network failure. This technology is deployed because it generally improves efficiency and reduces the risk of costly outages.
 Radio-Frequency ("RF") Products – These products which are marketed primarily under the Digi XBee brand include embedded wireless modules as well as off-the-shelf gateways, modems and adapters. They are used by customers across a broad range of industries. These products offer a wide selection of both standards-based and proprietary wireless protocols including Zigbee, Cellular, Sub-1 GHz, LPWA, WiFi and Bluetooth to meet diverse application requirements of customers.
 Embedded System Products – Marketed under the Digi Connect, ConnectCore and Rabbit brands these are embedded system on modules ("SOMs") and single board computers that are embedded into customer products in a broad range of industries and applications. These products deliver highly integrated computer platforms with scalable performance, flexible wired and wireless connectivity and complete software platforms. These products are designed and developed with compact form-factors, low power consumption and long product lifecycles. The latest ConnectCore products support advanced multi-core processing, security, multimedia, human-machine interface and other emerging technologies like machine learning.
 Infrastructure Management Products – These products include serial and Universal Serial Bus ("USB") solutions. Our serial servers (also known as device servers and terminal servers) provide secure and reliable serial port-to-Ethernet integration of most devices into wired Ethernet networks. This means that they are capable of converting data received over TCP/IP networks such as the internet and back; thereby eliminating the need for each device to have a physical connection to a computer. We also offer multiple USB solutions whose primary functions are to connect multiple USB devices, allowing them to work over a wired or wireless network without each device needing to plug into its own host computer. These products also include battery and hardwired options for the control and monitoring of critical infrastructure.
 Services
 Digi Remote Manager – Digi Remote Manager is a recurring revenue cloud-based service that provides a secure environment for customers to manage their connected device for the full deployment lifecycle. This service enables customers to activate, monitor, diagnose, reset, update and/or upgrade their mission-critical devices from a single point of command. Through a "single pane of glass," network managers can manage configurations, update firmware, add features and schedule and automate tasks from their desktop, tablet or phone.
 Lighthouse Management Software – Lighthouse is a recurring revenue cloud-based service that provides a secure environment for customers to manage their network devices by providing secure access to remote networks regardless of how they are connected or how a user interacts with the system. Designed with security, scalability and automation in mind, Lighthouse allows engineers to control every aspect of their network through a central hub.
 Technical Services – Our Technical Services provide professional services, data plan subscriptions and enhanced technical support to customers. Professional services include solution planning and implementation services to customers who purchase our products such as site planning, implementation management, application development and customer training. Data plan

 subscriptions are offered to customers wishing to enable cellular connectivity on our products. Enhanced technical support provides priority, in-depth technical support consultations with our experienced support team. These services help customers get to market quickly, minimize risk, and ensure customer success with their Digi solution.
 IoT Solutions Segment
 SmartSense by Digi – Our SmartSense by Digi is an end-to-end, cost-effective system that uses sensors, gateways and cloud-based applications to enable customers in food service (e.g. super markets, schools and restaurants), healthcare (primarily pharmacies and hospitals) and transportation/logistics to: (i) monitor wirelessly the temperature of food and other perishable or sensitive goods, (ii) monitor facilities or pharmacies by tracking the completion of operating tasks by employees, and (iii) have visibility in the supply chain to product temperature through an end-to-end system for quality control and incident management. Historically, customers receive hardware up-front, including gateways and sensors, and pay for an annual subscription for monitoring sensor data. However. SmartSense by Digi is increasingly pivoting to providing a comprehensive sensing-as-a-service solution to better address customers' needs and expand its role as a leader in this solution space.
 Ventus – Ventus is a leader in providing comprehensive MNaaS solutions that simplify the complexity of both wireless and fixed-line WAN connectivity. With comprehensive end-to-end security, our portfolio includes an array of connectivity applications in the banking, healthcare, retail, gaming, access control, EV charging, hospitality and other sectors. Supporting ATMs, gaming, point-of-sale, kiosks, digital signage and retail applications, Ventus works closely with its customers to customize innovative long-term MNaaS solutions.

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 Multiple risk factors exist which could have a material effect on our operations, results of operations, financial position, liquidity, capital resources and common stock.
 Operational Risks
 We depend on manufacturing relationships and a broad set of suppliers, some of whom provide us with limited-source components and parts, and disruptions in these relationships may cause damage to our customer relationships or otherwise negatively impact our business.
 We procure all parts and certain services involved in the production of our products and subcontract most of our product manufacturing to outside firms that specialize in such services. Although most of the components of our products are available from multiple vendors, we have several single-source supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous to us. As an example, Ventus relies almost exclusively on a manufacturer in China for the production of the hardware it provides to its customers. Further, in recent years supply chains globally have experienced stress due to a range of factors. This has impacted our own ability to procure certain inventory and services. These disruptions also caused us to order significant amounts of inventory as we were uncertain whether we would otherwise be able to procure necessary parts and components to meet customer needs. As a result, at times we held elevated levels of inventory compared to historical norms. The impacts of these circumstances driven by supply chain stress were material in some instances and it is possible additional material impacts could occur in the future. There can be no assurance that our suppliers will be able to meet our future requirements for products and components in a timely fashion. In addition, the availability of many of the components we need is dependent in part on our ability to provide our suppliers with accurate forecasts of our future requirements. Delays or lost revenue could be caused by other factors beyond our control, including late deliveries by vendors of components, or force majeure events. As an example of force majeure, a fire in November 2014 disrupted the operations at one of our contract manufacturers in Thailand. If we are required to identify alternative suppliers for any of our required components, qualification and pre-production periods could be lengthy and may cause an increase in component costs and delays in providing products to customers. Any extended interruption in the supply of any of the key components or the availability of manufacturing services that currently are obtained from limited sources could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our customer relationships and profitability.
 The long and variable sales cycle for certain of our products and services makes it more difficult for us to predict our operating results and manage our business.
 The sale of our products and services may require a significant technical evaluation and commitment of capital and other resources by potential customers and end users, as well as delays frequently associated with end users' internal procedures to deploy new technologies and to test and accept new technologies. For these and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with certain of our products is typically lengthy and is subject to a number of significant risks, such as end users' internal purchasing reviews, as well as availability of capital for deployments, or supply chain issues that are beyond our control. Because of the lengthy sales cycle and the large size of certain customer orders, if orders forecasted for a specific customer are not realized or delayed, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

 Acquisitions could disrupt our business and seriously harm our financial condition.
 We will continue to consider acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies. While we may consider smaller acquisitions that present a lower level of the below stated risks, we publicly have signaled our intent to focus our efforts more on acquisitions that would enhance the scale our business. Such acquisitions offer greater upside to our business, but also present greater risks. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders' percentage ownership, incur additional debt, assume liabilities or incur large and immediate write-offs.
 Our operation of any acquired business also involves numerous risks, including but not limited to:
 • problems combining the acquired operations, technologies, or products;
 • unanticipated costs;
 • diversion of management's attention from our core business;
 • difficulties integrating businesses in different countries and cultures;
 • effectively implementing internal control over financial reporting;
 • adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;
 • risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and
 • potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired business
 We cannot assure that we will be able to integrate successfully any businesses, products, technologies, or personnel that we have acquired or that we might acquire in the future. Any such integration failure could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, from time to time, we may enter into negotiations for a proposed acquisition, but be unable or unwilling to consummate the acquisition under consideration. This could cause significant diversion of management's attention and out-of-pocket expenses for us. We could also be exposed to litigation as a result of any consummated or unconsummated acquisition.

 Certain parts of our business are subject to customer concentrations.
 Several of our acquired businesses historically have depended on relationships with one or a small number of customers or have a significant number of customers that are from particular industries. Any disruption in their business with those customers, whether as a result of changes in demand for the customer's services, adverse changes in the customer's industry generally or other challenges in securing or renewing contracts, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
 For example, we acquired Accelerated in fiscal 2018. Although Accelerated has many customers, its business historically has been highly dependent on its relationship with a single telecommunications carrier customer.
 We acquired Opengear in fiscal 2019. Although Opengear has many customers, its business historically has been significantly concentrated on its relationships with a few large customers.
 We acquired Ventus in fiscal 2022. Although Ventus has many customers, its business historically has been significantly concentrated on its relationships with fewer than twenty customers and it also serves a significant number of customers in the financial and gaming terminal industries. Likewise, our SmartSense by Digi business services a significant number of large customers in the retail pharmaceutical, medical facility and retail food industries. Both Ventus and SmartSense by Digi produce significant ARR. Any disruption or difficulties in any of the industries these businesses serve could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations (including, but not limited to, ARR), financial condition and prospects.
 In addition, some larger customers may demand discounts and rebates. As a result, our future revenue opportunities with these customers may be limited, and we may face pricing pressures, which in turn could adversely impact our gross margin and our profitability. The loss of, reduction in, or pricing discounts associated with orders from key customers may significantly reduce our revenue and harm our business. Furthermore, delays in payment and/or extended payment terms from larger customers could have a disproportionate and material negative impact on our cash flows and working capital to support our business operations.

 From time to time, we are subject to claims and litigation regarding intellectual property rights or other claims pertaining to our business, which could seriously harm us and require us to incur significant costs.

 The communications technology industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, we receive notification of a third-party claim that our products allegedly infringe intellectual property rights owned by others. In addition, in the ordinary course of business from time to time we receive other third-party claims that may include, but are not limited to, commercial relationships, employment disputes, contractual disputes or alleged issues with the use of our products or services. Any litigation to determine the validity of third-party infringement claims or other litigation claims made against us, whether or not determined in our favor or settled by us, may be costly and divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel from productive tasks. This could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business and service the needs of our customers. There can be no assurance that any claims by third parties, regardless of if they have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects. In the event of an adverse ruling in any such matter, we may be required to pay substantial damages, cease engaging in or make alterations to certain business activities, cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or be required to obtain a license under the intellectual property rights of the third party claiming infringement. There can be no assurance with respect to an infringement claim that a license would be available on reasonable terms or at all. Any limitations on our ability to market our products, or delays and costs associated with redesigning our products or payments of license fees to third parties, or any failure by us to develop or license a substitute technology on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

 Our participation in a services and solutions model, using hardware and cloud-based services, presents execution and competitive risks.
 We participate in a services and solutions model that uses both hardware and cloud-based services. Both our SmartSense by Digi and Ventus offerings as well as our Digi 360 and Digi LifeCycle Assurance offerings deploy hardware, software and cloud-based hosting. In other areas of our business, we offer hosted services and cloud-based platform, software applications, and supporting products and services. We also employ significant human and financial resources to develop and deploy these offerings. As we work to grow and scale these offerings, these investments have impacted previously and may impact adversely in the future our gross margins and profitability. While we believe we have a strong foundation to compete, it is uncertain whether our strategies will attract the users or generate the revenue required to be successful. In the past, certain customers and potential customers that use these offerings were adversely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting global economic downturn. Any future economic slowdown could impede our ability to win and retain customers. We have and expect to encounter competition from other solutions providers, some of whom may have more significant resources than us. Whether we are successful in this business model depends on a number of factors, including:
 • our ability to establish the infrastructure to deploy and evolve our solutions effectively and continuously;
 • the features and functionality of our offerings relative to competing offerings as well as our ability to market effectively;
 • our ability to engage in successful strategic relationships with third parties such as telecommunications carriers, component makers and systems integrators;
 • our ability to meet service assurance commitments required by certain contracts;
 • competing effectively for market share; and
 • deploying complete end-to-end solutions that meet the needs of the marketplace generally as well as the particular requirements of our customers more effectively and efficiently than competitive solutions.
 Our ability to sustain and grow our business depends in large part on the success of our third-party distributors and resellers.
 A substantial portion of our revenue is generated through sales by third party distributors and resellers. Further, for several years we have been taking steps to expand our relationship with certain distributors who have global reach. These expansion efforts may increase the percent of our revenue driven through distributors and resellers or heighten our reliance on certain distributors and resellers to drive sales. To the extent our distributors and resellers are unsuccessful selling our products or if we are unable to obtain and retain a sufficient number of high-quality distributors and resellers, our operating results could be affected materially and adversely. In addition, our distributors and resellers may market, sell and support products and services that are competitive with ours, and they may devote more resources to the marketing, sales and support of such products. These distributors and resellers may have incentives to promote our competitors' products in lieu of our products, particularly for our competitors with larger volumes of orders, more diverse product offerings and longer relationships with our distributors and resellers. It is possible one or more of our important distributors and resellers may stop selling our products completely. Our distributor and reseller sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability and reputational harm if, for example, any of these parties misrepresents the functionality of our products or services to customers, or violates laws or our corporate policies. If we fail to manage our existing or future sales through distributors and resellers effectively, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

 The businesses of our IoT Solutions segment are subject to the risks faced by businesses operating in emerging markets.
 SmartSense by Digi is operated in an emerging market where technology-based solutions to monitor the condition of perishable goods as well as the completion of employee tasks have not been used historically. Similarly, our Ventus business is operating in an evolving marketplace where the breadth of companies with collections of assets that require connectivity and general monitoring is evolving. The operation of each of these businesses can therefore be subject to significant additional risks that are not necessarily related to our more established products and services.
 Additional risks that relate to IoT Solutions, include, but are not limited to:
 • SmartSense by Digi offerings are deployed in part to help assure perishable goods are safely preserved. Ventus's offering is deployed so that dispersed collections of critical, operational assets requiring network connectivity (such as ATMs, lottery terminals, etc.) are fully operational. In each case, there is a potential risk of loss in the event of a malfunction or failure in our offerings.
 • SmartSense by Digi has a limited history with us in a marketplace that is relatively early in its development and has numerous competitors. Although Ventus has a longer operating history and some of the marketplaces in which it operates are quite mature, new use cases continue to emerge as businesses increasingly rely on self-service devices in their operations with customers. We cannot provide assurances we will be successful in operating and continuing to grow either of these businesses.
 • Our ability to succeed with the offerings of these businesses will depend in large part on our ability to provide customers with hardware and software products that are easy to deploy and offer features and functionality that address the needs of particular businesses. We may face challenges and delays in the development of these businesses as the marketplace for products and services evolves to meet the needs and desires of customers.
 In light of these risks and uncertainties, we may not be able to establish or maintain the market share of these businesses or take full advantage of businesses we may acquire in the future related to either of these businesses. There can be no assurance that we will recover our investments in SmartSense by Digi or Ventus or that we will realize ongoing and consistent profits from these businesses. Also, there can be no assurance that diverting our management's attention to these businesses will not have a material adverse effect on our other existing businesses, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
 Our sales and operations globally face risks related to health epidemics or pandemics that could disrupt our operations and adversely impact our sales and operating results.
 Our business operations and financial results could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease or other material adverse widespread public health development, such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019. These effects could include the absence of one or more key employees or significant numbers or employees generally, disruptions or restrictions on our ability to maintain operations at one or more of our facilities, disruptions or restrictions to travel that is important to our operations, adverse impacts on our ability to distribute or deliver our products or services as well as temporary disruptions, restrictions or closures of the facilities of our suppliers or customers and their contract manufacturers. Any of the above absences, disruptions or restrictions could impact our sales and operating results negatively. If these absences, disruptions or restrictions are significant and material it is possible our business continuity could be jeopardized. Depending on the location of any such disruption or restriction, there may not be a solution that will be easy to implement in a timely manner or without significant expense. In addition, any significant outbreak of contagious diseases could materially and adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries or the entire world, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products, likely impact our operating results and restrain our access to capital from lenders or other sources.
 Technology and Cybersecurity Risks
 We are subject to various cybersecurity risks, including risk to our products, solutions, and internal systems. These risks may increase our costs and could damage our brand and reputation.
 Our products and software may contain unknown security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by bad actors. In addition, our products operate with and are dependent on products and components across a broad ecosystem. If there is a security vulnerability in one of these components, and if there is a security exploit targeting it, we could face increased costs, reduced revenue, liability claims or damage to our reputation or competitive position.
 We also rely on cloud-based technologies for our solutions, as well as our internal systems. As we continue to direct a substantial portion of our sales and development efforts toward broader based solutions, such as SmartSense by Digi, the Digi

 Remote Manager and Ventus offerings, we expect to store, convey and potentially process significant amounts of data produced by devices. We have completed a number of acquisitions in recent years and have inherited a range of different systems that store, convey and potentially process data and, in some cases, we may be delayed or choose not to integrate these systems into similar systems used in other parts of our business. Further, many of our business applications that we rely upon to operate our business now exist within cloud platforms that are managed by third parties. These factors may add to the risk of breach by third parties.
 This data may include confidential or proprietary information, intellectual property or personally identifiable information of our customers or other third parties with whom they do business. It is important for us to maintain solutions and related infrastructure that are perceived by our customers and other parties with whom we do business as providing reasonable levels of reliability and security. Despite available security measures and other precautions, the infrastructure and transmission methods used by our products and services or otherwise associated with our operations may be vulnerable to interception, attack or other disruptive problems. Continued high-profile data breaches at other companies evidence an external environment that is becoming increasingly hostile to information security. Improper disclosure of data or a perception that our data security is insufficient could harm our reputation, give rise to legal proceedings or subject our company to liability under laws that protect data, which may evolve and expand in scope over time. Any of these factors could result in increased costs and loss of revenue for us.
 If a cyberattack or other security incident were to allow unauthorized access to or modification of our customers' data or our own data, whether due to a failure with our systems or related systems operated by third parties, we could suffer damage to our brand and reputation.
 The costs we would incur to address and fix these incidents could significantly increase our expenses. These types of security incidents could also lead to lawsuits, regulatory investigations and increased legal liability, including in some cases contractual costs related to customer notification and fraud monitoring. Further, as the regulatory focus on data privacy and security issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the protection of information continue to become more complex, the potential risks and costs of compliance to our business are expected to intensify.
 In addition, cybersecurity is an issue that is becoming increasingly regulated. As regulations take effect or evolve it is possible we may encounter issues being fully compliant with these legal standards which could result in material adverse effects on our business.
 Issues related to the of artificial intelligence may result in regulatory or legal action, damage our reputation, or harm our business.
 We use tools and processes that incorporate artificial intelligence ("AI") in various business processes. We also are considering the incorporation of AI into some of our product and service offerings. The field of AI is rapidly developing, and the global regulatory and legal landscape is evolving. We seek to use AI responsibly and to manage ethical and legal issues associated with AI. We may be unsuccessful in identifying and resolving these issues, which could give rise to legal or regulatory action, damage to our reputation, or harm to our business. In addition, our competitors may be more effective at using AI in their operations, products and services, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage.
 Risks Relating to Our Foreign Operations
 Our use of suppliers in other parts of the world as well as our purchases of components containing certain materials involves risks that could negatively impact us.
 We purchase many components from suppliers in other parts of the world. Product delivery times may be extended due to the distances involved or events beyond our control, requiring more lead time in ordering. In addition, ocean freight delays may occur as a result of labor problems, weather delays, expediting orders for third parties, customs issues, geopolitical tensions, or other events beyond our control. Any extended delay in receipt of the component parts could eliminate anticipated cost savings and have a material adverse effect on our customer relationships and profitability. Governments continue to impose tariffs on various products and components which may impact the pricing of certain components and inventories and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive standing in the marketplace and our financial results. Potential power outages, most notably in recent times in Asia and Europe could also have a material adverse effect ability to obtain components for our products from our foreign suppliers. Additional challenges could occur if these suppliers allocate materials and components to other customers. The Chinese government in recent years has implemented policies that adversely have impacted various industries in that nation, and it is possible they may take actions in the future that are adverse to suppliers who we rely upon. Sanctions against and actions of the Russian government resulting from the war in Ukraine may be adverse to suppliers who we rely upon. The conflict in the Middle East may cause shipping disruptions and increased transport costs that could have a material adverse effect on our ability to obtain components from our foreign suppliers and our financial results. Finally, the introduction of new regulations by governments may also impact the availability, delivery or certain components or our ability

 to use certain components because of, among other potential reasons, the materials those components may contain or the location of the supplier of the component or certain materials contained in the component.
 We face risks associated with our international operations that could impair our ability to grow our revenue abroad as well as our overall financial condition.
 Our future growth may be dependent in part upon our ability to increase sales in international markets. These sales are subject to a variety of risks, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates, tariffs, import restrictions and other trade barriers, geopolitical tensions, unexpected or very burdensome changes in regulatory requirements, longer accounts receivable payment cycles, potentially adverse tax consequences, and export license requirements. In addition, we are subject to the risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including political and economic instability and unexpected changes in diplomatic and trade relationships. In many markets where we operate business and cultural norms are different than those in the United States and practices that may violate laws and regulations applicable to us like the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and the UK Anti-Bribery Act ("UKBA") are more commonplace. Although we have implemented policies and procedures with the intention of ensuring compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as channel partners involved in our international sales, may take actions in violation of our policies. Many of our vendors and strategic business allies also have international operations and are subject to the above-described risks. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if one or more of our business relations are not able to successfully manage these risks. There can be no assurance that one or more of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our business strategy and financial condition.
 Our failure to comply effectively with regulatory laws pertaining to our foreign operations could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 We are required to comply with U.S. government export regulations in the sale of our products to foreign customers, including requirements to properly classify and screen our products against a denied parties list prior to shipment. We are also required to comply with the provisions of the FCPA and all other anti-corruption laws, such as UKBA, of all other countries in which we do business, directly or indirectly, including compliance with the anti-bribery prohibitions and the accounting and recordkeeping requirements of this law. Violations of export regulations, the FCPA or other similar laws or other laws and regulations could trigger sanctions, including ineligibility for U.S. government insurance and financing, as well as large fines. Failure to comply with the aforementioned regulations could also deter us from selling our products in international jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 Competitive and Reputational Risks
 We face intense competition from established companies that may have significant advantages over us and our products.
 The market for our products is intensely competitive. Certain of our competitors and potential competitors have or may develop greater financial, technological, manufacturing, marketing and personnel resources than us either generally or relative to the product sets they sell in competition to us. Further, there are numerous companies competing with us in various segments of the market for our products, and their products may have advantages over our products in areas such as conformity to existing and emerging industry standards or new regulations, interoperability with other products, management and security capabilities, performance, price, ease of use, scalability, reliability, flexibility, product features and technical support.
 Our current and potential competitors have or may develop one or more of the following significant advantages over us in the product areas where they compete with us:
 • tighter focus on an individual product or product category;
 • greater financial, technical and marketing resources;
 • barriers to transition to our products;
 • higher brand recognition across larger geographic regions;
 • more comprehensive product features and functionality, including, but not limited to, with respect to product security;
 • longer-standing cooperative relationships with OEM and end-user customers;
 • superior customer service capacity and quality;
 • longer operating history; and
 • larger customer base.

 We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully with our current and potential competitors. Such competitors may be able to more quickly develop or adapt to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, changes in regulatory requirements or devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products. Additionally, it is probable that new competitors or new alliances among existing competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.
 Our dependence on new product development and the rapid technological change that characterizes our industry make us susceptible to loss of market share resulting from competitors' product introductions and enhancements, service capabilities and similar risks as well as from regulatory changes.
 Our industry is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, short product life cycles in certain instances and rapidly changing customer requirements. The introduction of products and enhancements embodying new technologies that can disrupt one or more markets in which we compete and the emergence of new industry standards or regulations impacting our industry can render existing products obsolete or unmarketable.
 Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing products, to introduce new products to meet changing customer requirements and emerging technologies as well as potential regulatory changes, and to demonstrate the performance advantages and cost-effectiveness of our products over competing products. Failure by us to modify our products to support new alternative technologies or failure to achieve widespread customer acceptance of such modified products could cause us to lose market share and cause our revenue to decline. Further, if our competitors offer better service capabilities associated with the implementation and use of their products, our business could be impacted negatively.
 We may experience delays in developing and marketing product enhancements or new products that respond to technological change, evolving industry standards or regulations and changing customer requirements. There can be no assurance that we will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction, and marketing of these products or product enhancements, or that our new products and product enhancements will meet the requirements of the marketplace adequately and achieve any significant or sustainable degree of market acceptance in existing or additional markets. In addition, the future introductions or announcements of products by us or one of our competitors embodying new technologies or changes in industry standards or regulations or customer requirements could render our then-existing products obsolete or unmarketable. This risk may become more pronounced as new competitors emerge in markets where we sell our products, especially if these competitors have more resources than us to develop and market new products and technologies and provide related services. There can be no assurance that the introduction or announcement of new product offerings by us or one or more of our competitors will not cause customers to defer their purchase of our existing products, which could cause our revenue to decline.
 Our failure to compete successfully in our highly competitive market could result in reduced prices and loss of market share.
 The market in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological advances and evolving industry standards. The market can be affected significantly by new product introductions and marketing activities of industry participants. In addition, the amount of competition we face in the marketplace may change and grow as the market for our industry grows and new entrants enter the marketplace. Present and future competitors may be able to identify new markets and develop products more quickly, which are superior to those developed by us. Such competitors may adapt new technologies faster, devote greater resources to research and development, promote products more aggressively and price products more competitively than us. Competition may also intensify, or we may no longer be able to compete effectively in the markets in which we compete.
 Strategic Risks
 We intend to continue to devote significant resources to our research and development, which, if not successful, could cause a decline in our revenue and harm our business.
 We intend to continue to devote significant resources to research and development in the coming years to enhance our existing product offerings and develop additional product offerings. For fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, our research and development expenses were 14.2%, 13.2% and 14.2% of our revenue. If we are unable to enhance existing products and develop new products, applications and services as a result of our research and development efforts, if we encounter delays in deploying these enhanced or new products, applications and services, or if the products, applications and services we enhance or develop are not successful, our business could be harmed. Even if we enhance existing products and develop new products, applications and services that are accepted by our target markets, the net revenue from these products, applications and services may not be sufficient to justify our investment in research and development.

 Many of our products, applications and services have been developed through a combination of internally developed technologies and acquired technologies. Our ability to continue to develop products, applications and services could be partially dependent on finding and acquiring new technologies in the marketplace. Even if we identify new technologies that we believe would be complementary to our internally developed technologies, we may not be successful in obtaining those technologies or integrating them effectively with our existing technologies.
 Our ability to grow our business is dependent in part on strategic relationships we develop and maintain with third parties as well as our ability to integrate and assure use of our products and services in coordination with the products and services of certain strategic partners in a commercially acceptable manner.
 We believe that our ability to increase our sales depends in part on maintaining and strengthening relationships with parties such as telecommunications carriers, systems integrators, enterprise application providers, component providers and other strategic technology companies. Once a relationship is established, we likely will dedicate significant time and resources to it in an effort to advance our business interests and there is no assurance any strategic relationship will generate enough revenue to offset the significant resources we use to advance the relationship. Parties with whom we establish strategic relationships also work with companies that compete with us. We have limited, if any, control as to whether these parties devote adequate resources to promoting, selling, and implementing our products. Further, new or emerging technologies, technological trends or changes in customer requirements may result in certain companies with whom we maintain strategic relationships de-emphasizing their dealings with us or becoming potential competitors in the future. We also have limited, if any, control as to other business activities of these parties and we could experience reputational harm because of our association with such parties if they fail to execute on business initiatives, are accused of breaking the law or otherwise suffer reputational harm for other reasons. All of these factors could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.
 In some cases, we expect the establishment of a strategic relationship with a third party to result in integrations of our products or services with those of other parties. Identifying appropriate parties for these relationships as well as negotiating and documenting business agreements with them requires significant time and resources. We expect these agreements typically to be non-exclusive and not to prohibit the other party from working with our competitors or offering competing services. Once the relationship is established, we may encounter difficulties in combining our products and services in a commercially acceptable manner. We expect this dynamic, where our ability to generate sales is dependent on our products and services interacting with those sold by third parties, may become more common in the future. There can be no guarantee in any particular instance that we will be successful in making our products interact with those of other parties in a commercially acceptable manner and, even if we do, we cannot guarantee that the resulting products and services will be marketed effectively or sold via the relationship.
 Our failure to anticipate or manage product transitions effectively could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 From time to time, we or our competitors may announce new or enhanced products that may replace or shorten the life cycles of our existing products. Announcements of currently planned or other new or enhanced products may cause customers to defer or stop purchasing our products until these products become available. Furthermore, the introduction of new or enhanced products because of customer requirement, regulation or otherwise may require us to manage the transition from older product inventories and ensure that adequate supplies of new or enhanced products can be delivered to meet customer demand. Our failure to anticipate the revenue declines associated with older products or manage transitions from older products effectively could result in inventory obsolescence and also have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 We are dependent on third parties to manufacture our products which could have adverse impacts on our business if such manufacturers encounter operating restraints or if we do not properly forecast customer demand.
 We are reliant on third parties to manufacture our products in countries such as Mexico, Thailand, Taiwan and China. The ability of these manufacturers to provide us with the timely provision of finished products is subject to a number of disruptions beyond their control such as, among others: the availability of components from suppliers, labor shortages, energy shortages such as those from time to time encountered in China, changes in government regulations, tensions with foreign governments or other factors. If we do not properly forecast customer demands for products any lengthening in lead times or disruptions in service could result in lost revenues and adversely impact our business, results of operation, financial condition and prospects.
 The loss of key personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
 Our business and prospects depend to a significant degree upon the continuing contributions of our executive officers and key technical and other personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and in the current environment of large numbers of workers leaving their current employment for new opportunities, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in

 retaining qualified personnel. Failure to attract and retain key personnel could result in our failure to execute our business strategy.
 Risks Related to Economic and Market Conditions
 Our consolidated operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted by worldwide economic and credit conditions.
 If worldwide economic conditions experience a significant downturn, these conditions may make it difficult or impossible for our customers and suppliers to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, which may cause them to slow or suspend spending on products and services. Our customers or suppliers may find it difficult to gain sufficient credit or service existing credit in a timely manner, which could result in an impairment of their ability to process or place orders with us, deliver inventory or services to us in the case of suppliers or to make timely payments to us for previous purchases in the case of customers. If this occurs, our revenue may be reduced, thereby having a negative impact on our results of operations. In addition, we may be forced to increase our allowance for credit losses and our days sales outstanding may increase, which would have a negative impact on our cash position, liquidity and financial condition. To the extent we incur debt, we may be unable to adhere to financial covenants or to service the debt. These risks associated with credit and debt are more pronounced for the parties with whom we do business and ourselves in the current high interest rate environment which has seen interest rates rise rapidly. We cannot predict either the timing or duration of an economic downturn in the economy, should one occur. Any downturn could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
 Our gross margins may be subject to decline.
 Our gross margins may be subject to declines which could decrease our overall profitability and impact our financial performance adversely. Some of the hardware products we sell are approaching the end of their product life cycles. These mature hardware products have sold historically at higher gross margins than our other product and service offerings. We expect this general trend of declining sales for many of our mature products to continue and the pace of the decline may accelerate. In addition, rising prices for goods and services due to inflation along with ongoing cost pressures in our industry create downward pressure on the prices at which we and other manufacturers may be able to sell hardware products. We have indicated that we would be willing to realize lower levels of gross margins from customers in return for long-term, binding purchase commitments. If this strategy were successful, it could apply downward pressure on our gross margins. Part of our strategy is to sell software applications and IoT solutions such as SmartSense by Digi, Ventus offerings and hardware bundled with services on a subscription basis. These sales may provide recurring revenues at relatively high gross margins, but these types of offerings are still in the earlier stages of adoption by customers. As such, their sales growth is not necessarily predictable or assured. Our gross margins therefore may be subject to decline unless we can implement cost reduction initiatives effectively to offset the impact of these factors.
 Our revenue may be subject to fluctuations based on the level of significant large project-based purchases.
 No single customer has represented more than 10% of our revenue in any of the last three fiscal years. However, many of our customers make significant one-time hardware purchases for large projects that are not repeated. As a result, our revenue may be subject to significant fluctuations based on whether we are able to close significant project-based sales opportunities. In addition, in our SmartSense by Digi and Ventus businesses certain customers have outsized deployments relative to other customers. It is possible we will see revenue fluctuations in these businesses based upon the scale of new deployments in different financial periods. Our failure to complete one or a series of significant sales opportunities in a particular fiscal period could have a material adverse effect on our revenue for that period.
 Some of our products are sold into mature markets, which could limit our ability to continue to generate revenue from these products.
 Some of our hardware products are sold into mature markets that are characterized by a trend of declining demand. We have made targeted investments to provide enhanced and new products into these mature markets and believe this may mitigate declining demand. However, over the longer term, the overall market for these hardware products is expected to decrease due to the adoption of new technologies. As such, we expect that our revenue from these products will continue to decline over time. As a result, our future prospects depend in part on our ability to acquire or develop and successfully market additional products that address growth markets.
 Unanticipated changes in our tax rates could affect our future results.

 Our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by unanticipated changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws or our interpretation of such laws. In addition, we may be subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other U.S. and international tax authorities. We regularly assess the potential outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our consolidated operating results and financial condition.
 We may have additional tax liabilities.
 We are subject to income taxes in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes, including our reserves for uncertain tax positions. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We regularly are under audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
 Risks Relating to Our Industry
 We are dependent on wireless communication networks owned and controlled by others.
 Our revenue could decline if we are unable to deliver continued access to digital cellular wireless carriers that we depend on to provide sufficient network capacity, reliability and security to our customers. Our financial condition could be impacted if our wireless carriers increase the prices of their services or suffer operational or technical failures.
 Natural disasters, wars and other events beyond our control could impact our supply chain and customers negatively resulting in an adverse impact to our revenue and profitability.
 Certain of our components and other materials used in producing our products are from regions susceptible to natural disasters or other events beyond our control, such as the Covid-19 pandemic that was highly disruptive to businesses during the last few years or the ongoing wars in Ukraine and the Middle East. These and other events beyond our control can adversely impact our supply chains and our business. If we are unable to procure necessary materials, we could experience a disruption to our supply chain that would hinder our ability to produce our products in a timely manner. It also could cause us to seek other sources of supply which may be more costly or which we may not be able to procure on a timely basis. We also risk damage to any tooling, equipment or inventory at the supplier's facilities. For instance, flooding in October 2011 and a fire in November 2014 disrupted the operations at one of our contract manufacturers in Thailand. In addition, our customers may not follow their normal purchasing patterns or temporarily cease purchasing from us due to impacts to their businesses in the region, creating unexpected fluctuations or decreases in our revenue and profitability. Natural disasters, wars and other events beyond our control could have material adverse impacts on our business.
 Credit and Liquidity Risks
 Failure to comply with the covenants under our credit facility may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access additional capital and/or create an event of default.
 On December 7, 2023, Digi entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with BMO Bank N.A. ("BMO"), as administrative and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc. and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lenders (the "Lenders"). The Credit Agreement provides Digi with a senior secured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility includes a $250 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Loan"), with an uncommitted accordion feature that provides for additional borrowing capacity of up to the greater of $95 million or one hundred percent of trailing twelve month adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"). The Credit Facility also contains a $10 million letter of credit sublimit and $10 million swingline sub-facility. Digi may use the proceeds of the Credit Facility in the future for general corporate purposes.
 Digi borrowed a total of $215 million under the Credit Facility to repay all obligations and to pay related fees and expenses under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 22, 2021 (the "Prior Credit Facility"), by and among Digi, as the borrower, BMO, as administrative agent and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as sole lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other lenders from time-to-time party thereto. The Prior Credit Facility consisted of a $350 million term loan B secured loan and a $35 million revolving credit facility that included a $10 million letter of credit subfacility and $10 million swingline subfacility.

 If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on the Loan, we will be in default. We are also required to comply with several financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. Our ability to comply with such financial covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, which could result in a default under the Credit Agreement; such default may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.
 The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict the ability of Digi and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, dispose of significant assets, make certain investments, including any acquisitions other than permitted acquisitions, make certain payments, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, grant liens on its assets or rate management transactions, subject to certain limitations. These restrictions could adversely affect our business.
 Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair a portion of our investment portfolio.
 Our investment portfolio may consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, money market funds, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. These marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair market value. Some of our investments could experience reduced liquidity and could result in an impairment charge should the impairment be considered as other-than-temporary. This loss would be recorded in our consolidated statements of operations, which could materially adversely impact our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
 Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
 Our ability to compete could be jeopardized if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights.
 Our ability to compete depends in part on our proprietary rights and technology. Our proprietary rights and technology are protected by a combination of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks. We enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, and sometimes with our customers, potential customers and other third parties, and limit access to the distribution of our proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequate to prevent the misappropriation of our technology. Our pending patent applications may be denied and any patents, once issued, may be circumvented by our competitors. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not develop technologies that are superior to our technologies. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad will be adequate or that competing companies will not independently develop similar technologies. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business.
 Government and Political Risks
 Our inability to obtain the appropriate telecommunications carrier certifications or approvals from governmental regulatory bodies as well as reconfiguration of communications protocols such as radio bands could impede our ability to grow revenue in our wireless products.
 The sale of our wireless products in certain geographical markets is sometimes dependent on the ability to gain telecommunications carrier certifications and/or approvals by certain governmental bodies. Failure to obtain these approvals, or delays in receiving the approvals, could impact our ability to enter our targeted markets or to compete effectively or at all in these markets and could have an adverse impact on our business and prospects.
 Certain products rely on the current configuration of radio bands by FCC or other governmental regulatory bodies could require the redsign of existing and future products, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
 Our failure to comply effectively with the requirements of applicable environmental, data privacy and security legislation and regulation could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 Production, sale and marketing of products and services in certain states and countries may subject us to environmental, data privacy and security regulations. For example, the European Union has issued two directives relating to chemical substances in electronic products. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive makes producers of certain electrical and electronic equipment financially responsible for collection, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal of equipment placed in the European Union market. The Restrictions of Hazardous Substances Directive bans the use of certain hazardous materials in electric and electrical equipment which are put on the market in the European Union. In addition, data privacy and security regulations have been enacted by both foreign governments and certain states in the US, such as GDPR and CCPA. In the future, various governments may adopt further environmental, data privacy and security compliance programs or other rules or regulations that may impact our business operations. If we fail to comply with these regulations, we may not be able to sell our

 products and services in jurisdictions where these regulations apply or subject us to fines or penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
 Risks Related to Our Common Stock
 Unsolicited takeover proposals, governance change proposals, proxy contests and resulting litigation may adversely impact our operations, create uncertainty and affect the market price and volatility of our securities.
 In 2017, we received an unsolicited takeover proposal and other companies in our industry have been the target of unsolicited takeover proposals in the past. In the event that a third party, such as a competitor, private equity firm or activist investor makes an unsolicited takeover proposal or proposes to change our governance policies or board of directors, or makes other proposals concerning our ownership structure or operations, our review and consideration of such proposals may be a significant distraction for our management and employees, and could require us to expend significant time and resources. Such proposals may create uncertainty for our employees and this uncertainty may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, to hire new talent or to complete acquisitions we may desire to make. Similar uncertainty among our customers, suppliers and other business partners could cause them to terminate, or not to renew or enter into, arrangements with us. Certain proposals may result in costly proxy contests or litigation that can disrupt our business operations or result in an adverse effect on our operating results. Management and employee distraction related to any such proposals also may adversely impact our ability to conduct our business optimally and pursue our strategic objectives. Such proposals, or their withdrawal, could create uncertainty among investors and potential investors as to our future direction and affect the market price of our common stock without regard to our operational or financial performance.
 Certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our charter documents have an anti-takeover effect.
 There exist certain mechanisms under the Delaware General Corporation Law and our charter documents that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control. For instance, under Delaware law, we are prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with interested stockholders for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless certain requirements are met, and majority stockholder approval is required for certain business combination transactions with interested parties.
 Our Certificate of Incorporation contains a "fair price" provision requiring majority stockholder approval for certain business combination transactions with interested parties, and this provision may not be changed without the vote of at least 80% of the outstanding shares of our voting stock. Other mechanisms in our charter documents may also delay, defer or prevent a change of control. For instance, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our Board of Directors has authority to issue series of our preferred stock with such voting rights and other powers as the Board of Directors may determine. Furthermore, we have a classified board of directors, which means that our directors are divided into three classes that are elected to three-year terms on a staggered basis. Since the three-year terms of each class overlap the terms of the other classes of directors, the entire board of directors cannot be replaced in any one year. Under Delaware law, directors serving on a classified board may not be removed by shareholders except for cause. The effect of these anti-takeover provisions may deter business combination transactions not approved by our Board of Directors, including acquisitions that may offer a premium over the market price to some or all stockholders.
 The price of our common stock has been volatile and could continue to fluctuate in the future.
 The market price of our common stock, like that of many other high-technology companies, has fluctuated significantly and is likely to continue to fluctuate in the future. During fiscal 2024, the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ranged from $22.07 to $32.82 per share. Our closing sale price on November 8, 2024 was $25.29 per share. Announcements by us or others regarding the receipt of customer orders, quarterly variations in operating results, departures of key personnel, acquisitions or divestitures, additional equity or debt financings, results of customer field trials, scientific discoveries, technological innovations, litigation, product developments, patent or proprietary rights, government regulation and general market conditions and risks may, for example, have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock.
 If our stock price declines over a sustained period of time, our profits significantly decrease or our acquired businesses do not attain results that were anticipated at the time of acquisition, we may need to recognize an impairment of our goodwill.
 The price of our common stock could decline. If such a decline continued over a sustained period of time, we could have an impairment of our goodwill. Our market value is dependent upon certain factors, including continued future growth of our products, services and solutions. If such growth does not materialize or our forecasts are not met (including forecasts established at the time of acquisition), our profits could be significantly reduced, and our market value may decline, which

 could result in an impairment of our goodwill. As discussed in other risk factors, there could be circumstances beyond our control that could exacerbate the conditions that would lead to such an impairment.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 None.

 ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

 Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
 We have established processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. We are committed to periodically reviewing these processes internally as well as discussing these threats and our processes with members of our Board as part of our overall cybersecurity risk management system.
 We have implemented information security policies and standards across the company. We provide ongoing cybersecurity training for employees and conduct employee phishing tests. We maintain business continuity, disaster recovery, and incident management plans. We conduct tabletop exercises and penetration testing. We use third-party security tools that help prevent, identify, investigate and resolve vulnerabilities in our systems and products. Certain Ventus offerings are PCI DSS 4.0 compliant, which requires auditing by an external auditor. We also have processes to oversee and identify cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of new third-party service providers, including those who have access to our customer and employee data or our systems.
 To date, we do not believe we have encountered cybersecurity threats or previous cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will be sufficient, and that we will not be materially affected in the future. While we have customary insurance coverage in place designed to address certain cybersecurity risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all insured losses or all types of claims that may arise. For more information regarding our cybersecurity risks, see "Technology and Cybersecurity Risks" included as part of our risk factor disclosures in Part I, Item 1A of this report.
 Cybersecurity Governance
 Our Board of Directors and executive management team oversee cybersecurity risk. Our Chief Information Officer is responsible for day-to-day management of cybersecurity risk. Our Chief Information officer periodically provides reports to executive management and our Board (which receives a report at least annually) on information security, including cybersecurity risk and the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Our executive management is notified of potentially material cybersecurity incidents according to our cybersecurity incident management procedures.
 Our Chief Information Officer, who reports to the Chief Executive Officer, has over twenty years of experience in IT, including IT security. In addition, one of our Board members, Hatem Naguib, is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Barracuda, a cybersecurity solutions provider, and brings expertise in IT security.

 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 The following table contains a listing of our property locations that were material to us as of September 30, 2024:

 Location of Property
 Use of Facility
 Segment
 Approximate Square Footage
 Ownership or Lease Expiration Date

 Hopkins, MN
(World headquarters)
 Research & development, sales, sales support, marketing and administration
 59,497
 January 2032

 Eden Prairie, MN
 Manufacturing and warehousing
 58,000
 Owned

 Sandy, UT
 Sales, technical support, research & development, administration, manufacturing and warehousing
 35,466
 December 2030

 Norwalk, CT
 Sales, sales support, technical support, research & development, administration, manufacturing and warehousing
 14,115
 July 2027

 Boston, MA
 Research & development, sales, sales support and marketing
 13,302
 August 2026

 Queensland, Australia
 Research & development
 12,422
 November 2026

 Mishawaka, IN
 Sales, technical support and administration
 7,829
 August 2026

 Edison, NJ
 Administration
 6,223
 March 2025

 In addition to the above locations, we have various other locations throughout the world that are not deemed to be material.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 In the normal course of business, we are subject to various claims and litigation, which may include, but are not limited to, patent infringement and intellectual property claims, employment claims and claims involving customers or vendors. While we are unable to predict the outcome of any potential claims or litigation due to the inherent unpredictability of these matters, we believe that it is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our operations in any particular period. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for additional information relating to legal matters.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 None.

 PART II.

 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 Stock Listing
 Our common stock is listed under the symbol DGII on the Nasdaq Global Select Market tier of the Nasdaq. On November 8, 2024 there were 95 stockholders of record.
 Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
 The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Digi International Inc. or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024:

 Period
 Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 Average Price Paid per Share
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program
 Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program

 July 1, 2024 - July 31, 2024
 $
 23.35
 —
 $
 —

 August 1, 2024 - August 31, 2024
 1,907
 $
 27.12
 —
 $
 —

 September 1, 2024 - September 30, 2024
 $
 27.70
 —
 $
 —

 Total
 2,062
 $
 26.97
 —
 $
 —

 (1) All shares reported were forfeited by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock units.

 Performance Evaluation
 The graph below compares the total cumulative stockholders' return on our common stock for the period from the close of the Nasdaq - U.S. Companies on September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2024, the last day of fiscal 2024, with the total cumulative return for the Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark TR Index (the "U.S. Benchmark Index") and the Nasdaq Telecommunications Index (the "Peer Index") over the same period. We have determined that our line of business is mostly comparable to those companies in the Peer Index. The index level for the graph and table was set to $100 on September 30, 2019, for our common stock, the U.S. Benchmark Index and the Peer Index and assumes the reinvestment of all dividends.

 FY19
 FY20
 FY21
 FY22
 FY23
 FY24

 Digi International Inc.
 $
 100.00
 $
 114.76
 $
 154.70
 $
 254.04
 $
 225.04
 $
 202.13

 Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark TR Index
 $
 100.00
 $
 115.46
 $
 152.43
 $
 124.98
 $
 156.73
 $
 204.31

 Nasdaq Telecommunications Index
 $
 100.00
 $
 103.19
 $
 113.71
 $
 82.61
 $
 100.78
 $
 125.05

 ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 Our management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 We have omitted discussion of the earliest of the three years covered by our consolidated financial statements presented in this report because that disclosure was already included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2023. You are encouraged to reference Part II, Item 7, within that report, for a discussion of our financial condition and result of operations for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2023.

 SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
 This Form 10-K contains certain statements that are "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 Forward-Looking Statements
 This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's current expectations and assumptions. These statements often can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "assume," "believe," "continue," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "project," "should," or "will" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or similar terminology. Among other items, these statements relate to expectations of the business environment in which Digi operates, projections of future performance, inventory levels, perceived marketplace opportunities, debt repayments, attributions of potential acquisitions and statements regarding our mission and vision. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Among others, these include risks related to ongoing and varying inflationary and deflationary pressures around the world and the monetary policies of governments globally as well as present and ongoing concerns about a potential recession, the ability of companies like us to operate a global business in such conditions as well as negative effects on product demand and the financial solvency of customers and suppliers in such conditions, risks related to ongoing supply chain challenges that continue to impact businesses globally, risks related to cybersecurity, risks arising from the present wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, the highly competitive market in which our company operates, rapid changes in technologies that may displace products sold by us, declining prices of networking products, our reliance on distributors and other third parties to sell our products, the potential for significant purchase orders to be canceled or changed, delays in product development efforts, uncertainty in user acceptance of our products, the ability to integrate our products and services with those of other parties in a commercially accepted manner, potential liabilities that can arise if any of our products have design or manufacturing defects, our ability to integrate and realize the expected benefits of acquisitions, our ability to defend or settle satisfactorily any litigation, the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control that could negatively impact our supply chain and customers, potential unintended consequences associated with restructuring, reorganizations or other similar business initiatives that may impact our ability to retain important employees or otherwise impact our operations in unintended and adverse ways, and changes in our level of revenue or profitability which can fluctuate for many reasons beyond our control.
 These and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation, those set forth in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, subsequent filings on Form 10-Q and other filings, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date for which they are made. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 OVERVIEW
 We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical IoT connectivity products, services and solutions. Our business is comprised of two reporting segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions.
 In fiscal 2024, our key operating objectives included:
 • continuing to transition to complete solutions with software and service offerings included with our products, as this drives ARR, which provides more predictable and higher margin revenues; and
 • delivering a higher level of services across our businesses.
 During fiscal 2024 we delivered on these objectives by increasing ARR by 9% from the end of fiscal 2023 to the end of fiscal 2024. This included an increase of 9% in our Products and Services business segment and 10% in our Solutions business segment.
 We utilize many financial, operational, and other metrics to evaluate our financial condition and financial performance. Below we highlight the metrics for fiscal 2024 that we feel are most important in these evaluations, with comparisons to fiscal 2023:
 • Revenue was $424 million, a decrease of 5%.
 • Gross profit margin was 58.9%, an increase of 220 basis points.
 • Net income was $23 million, compared to $25 million.
 • Net income per diluted share was $0.61, compared to $0.67.
 • Adjusted net income per diluted share was $1.99, flat year over year.
 • Adjusted EBITDA was $98 million, an increase of 2%.
 • ARR was over $116 million at the end of the fiscal year, an increase of 9%.
 Key trends regarding our existing business
 There are a number of circumstances globally that we are monitoring for potential impacts on our business. Global economic conditions and political tensions have the ability to cause business disruptions. For instance, many Western governments have imposed a range of trade restrictions on Chinese products and components that if expanded could lead to disruptions in our business. Due to the war in Ukraine, sanctions remain imposed on trade with Russia and Belarus which has the potential to disrupt the supply of raw materials needed to make components. Political tensions between China and other nations have become more heightened which could lead to similar issues. And the ongoing war in the Middle East has led to disruptions in shipping and could cause other issues such as an increase in the price of oil which could impact transport costs. Monetary and fiscal policies have fluctuated in different parts of the world to deal with both inflationary and deflationary pressures. These situations could all lead to potential adverse impacts on a wide range of businesses and could impact the businesses of our vendors and customers in ways that could impact our sales.
 With respect to supply chain, conditions continued to improve during fiscal 2024, but we still experience shortages of some important components. These supply chain shortages led to component purchases at levels that were higher than historical trends to assure we could meet customer demand. This drove higher levels of inventory, which in recent quarters has normalized. In addition, because of supply chain shortages in prior years customers of some of our products stockpiled inventory to assure a steady supply was readily available for their needs. In turn, these same customers have now slowed purchases as they work through those stockpiles. We expect the effects on demand to impact future sales of some products during fiscal 2025.
 In addition, to the above macro conditions, we believe the following trends will continue to impact our business in fiscal 2025 and beyond:
 • We believe the market for Industrial IoT products and services is in the midst of a long-term expansion across a broad range of industries and solutions.
 • As recurring revenue from subscription and cloud monitoring services becomes a greater portion of our overall revenue, delivering at higher gross margins rates than one-time revenue, we expect gross margin rates to expand.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 The following table sets forth selected information derived from our consolidated statements of operations, expressed as a percentage of revenue and as a percentage of change from year-to-year for the years indicated:
 % Increase (decrease)

 2024
 2023
 2024 compared to 2023

 Revenue
 100.0
 100.0
 —

 Cost of sales
 41.1
 43.3
 (2.2)

 Gross profit
 58.9
 56.7
 2.2

 Operating expenses
 47.6
 45.4
 2.2

 Operating income
 11.3
 11.3
 —

 Other expense, net
 (5.9)
 (5.7)
 (0.2)

 Income before income taxes
 5.4
 5.6
 (0.2)

 Income tax expense
 0.1
 —
 0.1

 5.3
 %
 5.6
 %
 (0.3)

 REVENUE BY SEGMENT

 2024
 2023
 % Increase (decrease)

 Revenue

 $
 324,444
 76.5
 %
 $
 345,680
 77.7
 %
 (6.1)

 99,602
 23.5
 99,169
 22.3
 0.4

 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 (4.7)

 IoT Products & Services revenue decreased 6.1% for fiscal 2024, as compared to fiscal 2023. The decrease consisted of a $24.7 million decline in product sales volume, with no material impact from pricing. The decrease was driven by lower demand for some products, as some customers bled down inventory stockpiled from when supply chains were stressed, as well as certain prior year project-based sales not reoccurring. The decline was partially offset by $3.5 million of service revenue growth.
 IoT Solutions revenue increased 0.4% for fiscal 2024, as compared to fiscal 2023. The increase consisted of a $5.6 million increase in recurring revenue offset by a $3.2 million decrease in one time services volume and a $2.0 million decrease in hardware sales. These results reflect some customers reducing the scope of their operations and others electing to make new deployments by obtaining hardware under a subscription contract versus purchasing hardware and obtaining only services under subscription.
 ARR
 ARR was $116 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $106 million as of September 30, 2023. IoT Products & Services ARR was $24 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $22 million as of September 30, 2023. This increase was due to growth in the subscription base across remote management platforms and extended warranty offerings. IoT Solutions ARR was $92 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $84 million as of September 30, 2023, driven by growth in both SmartSense and Ventus.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 COST OF GOODS SOLD AND GROSS PROFIT BY SEGMENT
 Below are our segments' cost of goods sold and gross profit as a percentage of their respective total revenue:

 Basis point increase (decrease)

 2024
 2023

 Cost of Goods Sold

 $
 147,243
 45.4
 %
 $
 157,722
 45.6
 %
 (20)

 26,897
 27.0
 %
 34,924
 35.2
 %
 (820)

 Total cost of goods sold
 $
 174,140
 41.1
 %
 $
 192,646
 43.3
 %
 (220)

 Basis point increase (decrease)

 2024
 2023

 Gross Profit

 $
 177,201
 54.6
 %
 $
 187,958
 54.4
 %

 72,705
 73.0
 %
 64,245
 64.8
 %

 Total gross profit
 $
 249,906
 58.9
 %
 $
 252,203
 56.7
 %

 IoT Product & Services
 IoT Products & Services gross profit margin increased 20 basis points for fiscal 2024 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase was driven by increased recurring revenue at high margin rates and by a reduction in inventory adjustments and reduced inflationary pressures, partially offset by decreased product volume.
 The IoT Solutions gross profit margin increased 820 basis points for fiscal 2024 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase was the result of growth in higher margin ARR subscription revenues, favorable mix within one time volume and a reduction in inventory adjustments.
 OPERATING EXPENSES
 Below are our operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue:

 2024
 2023
 $ increase (decrease)
 % Increase (decrease)

 Operating Expenses

 Sales and marketing
 $
 83,278
 19.7
 %
 $
 81,681
 18.3
 %
 $
 1,597
 2.0
 %

 Research and development
 60,289
 14.2
 58,648
 13.2
 1,641
 2.8

 General and administrative
 58,250
 13.7
 61,779
 13.9
 (3,529)
 (5.7)

 Total operating expenses
 $
 201,817
 47.6
 %
 $
 202,108
 45.4
 %
 $
 (291)
 (0.1)
 %

 The $0.3 million decrease in operating expenses in fiscal 2024 from fiscal 2023 was the result of a $3.9 decrease in non-labor expense and a $2.1 million gain on the sale of an intangible asset, partially offset by a $5.7 million increase to litigation reserves.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 OTHER EXPENSE, NET

 2024
 2023
 $ increase (decrease)
 % Increase (decrease)

 Other expense, net

 Interest expense, net
 $
 (15,415)
 (3.7)
 %
 $
 (25,236)
 (5.7)
 %
 $
 9,821
 (38.9)
 %

 Debt issuance cost write off
 (9,722)
 (2.3)
 —
 —
 (9,722)
 NM

 Other expense, net
 (94)
 —
 —
 (153)
 NM

 Total other expense, net
 $
 (25,231)
 (6.0)
 %
 $
 (25,177)
 (5.7)
 %
 $
 (54)
 0.2
 %

 The $0.1 million increase in other expense in fiscal 2024 from fiscal 2023 was driven by the $9.7 million debt issuance cost expense realized upon the extinguishment of our prior credit facility partially offset by a decrease in our average debt outstanding and our effective interest rate on debt(see Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
 INCOME TAXES
 Our effective income tax expense (benefit) rates were 1.5%, 0.6% and (4.1)% for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors. These include our overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related statutory tax rate in each jurisdiction, and discrete events, such as settlement of audits (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).
 KEY BUSINESS METRICS
 ARR, represents the annualized monthly value of all billable subscription contracts, measured at the end of any fiscal period. Subscriptions primarily include contracts for term-based equipment usage, the delivery of data insights, extended warranty coverage or customer service coverage. ARR excludes one-time items such as non-bundled hardware sales, professional services and wireless design services. Contracts with known, future expiration dates are included in ARR through their expiration date as long as collection is deemed likely. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue and is not intended to replace or forecast either item. We use ARR to manage and assess the growth of our subscription revenue business. Because ARR does not have a consistent definition, it is unlikely to be compared to the similarly titled measurements of other companies. We believe ARR is an indicator of the scale of our subscription revenue business and is less subject to seasonality and contract term changes than other metrics.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 This report includes adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure.
 Non-GAAP measures are not substitutes for GAAP measures for the purpose of analyzing financial performance. The disclosure of these measures does not reflect all charges and gains that actually were recognized by Digi. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or, an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies or presented by us in prior reports. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe these measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, the cash requirements for the replacement of depreciated and amortized assets, or changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs.
 We believe that providing historical and adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, respectively, exclusive of such items as reversals of tax reserves, discrete tax benefits, restructuring charges and reversals, intangible amortization, stock-based compensation expense, other non-operating income/expense, adjustments to estimates of contingent consideration, acquisition-related expenses and interest expense related to acquisition permits investors to compare results with prior periods that did not include these items. Management uses the aforementioned non-GAAP measures to monitor and evaluate ongoing operating results and trends and to gain an understanding of our comparative operating performance. In addition, certain of our stockholders have expressed an interest in seeing financial performance measures exclusive of the impact of these matters, which while important, are not central to the core operations of our business. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, restructuring charges and reversals and changes in fair value of contingent consideration is useful to investors to evaluate our core operating results and financial performance because it excludes items that are significant non-cash or non-recurring expenses reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue is useful because it provides a reliable and consistent approach to measuring our performance from year to year and in assessing our performance against that of other companies. We believe this information helps compare operating results and corporate performance exclusive of the impact of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.
 Below are reconciliations from GAAP to Non-GAAP information that we feel is important to our business:

 Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA
 (In thousands)

 2024
 2023

 % of total
revenue
 % of total
revenue

 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %

 5.3
 %
 $
 5.6
 %

 Interest expense, net
 15,415
 25,236

 Debt issuance cost write off
 9,722
 —

 Income tax expense

 Depreciation and amortization
 33,064
 31,979

 Litigation accrual
 5,700
 —

 Changes in fair value of contingent consideration
 (2,111)
 —

 Restructuring charge

 Acquisition expense, net
 (127)

 Adjusted EBITDA
 $
 98,110
 23.1
 %
 $
 96,500
 21.7
 %

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 Reconciliation of Net Income and Net Income per Diluted Share to
 Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Diluted Share
 (In thousands, except per share amounts)

 2024
 2023

 Net income and net income per diluted share
 $
 $
 0.61
 $
 $
 0.67

 Amortization
 24,552
 0.66
 25,226
 0.68

 0.36
 0.36

 Other non-operating expense, net
 —
 (59)
 —

 Acquisition expense, net
 (127)
 —
 0.03

 Litigation accrual
 5,700
 0.15
 —
 —

 Changes in fair value of contingent consideration
 (2,111)
 (0.06)
 —
 —

 Restructuring charge
 0.01
 —

 Interest expense, net
 15,415
 0.42
 25,236
 0.68

 Debt issuance cost write off
 9,722
 0.26
 —
 —

 Tax effect from above net income adjustments (1)

 (17,005)
 (0.45)
 (18,488)
 (0.50)

 Discrete tax expenses (2)

 1,212
 0.03
 2,490
 0.07

 Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share (3)

 $
 73,546
 $
 1.99
 $
 73,542
 $
 1.99

 Diluted weighted average common shares
 36,984
 36,869

 (1)The tax effect from the above adjustments assumes an estimated effective tax rate of 18.0% for fiscal 2024 and 2023 based on adjusted net income.
 (2)For the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, discrete tax benefits include excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation and expiring statute of limitations.
 (3)Adjusted net income per diluted share may not add due to the use of rounded numbers.

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 Historically we have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally with funds generated from operations. In fiscal 2022 we issued debt to fund our acquisition of Ventus. Our liquidity requirements arise from our working capital needs, and to a lesser extent, our need to fund capital expenditures to support our current operations and facilitate growth and expansion.
 On December 7, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement. The Credit Agreement provides Digi with a $250 million senior secured revolving credit facility, with an uncommitted accordion feature that provides for additional borrowing capacity of up to the greater of $95 million or one hundred percent of trailing twelve month adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. The Credit Facility also contains a $10 million letter of credit sublimit and $10 million swingline sub-facility. Digi used the proceeds to retire the remaining balance of the prior credit agreement and may use the proceeds in the future for general corporate purposes. For additional information regarding the terms of our Credit Facility, including the Revolving Loan and its subfacilities, see Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
 The Credit Agreement replaced our prior credit agreement that consisted of a $350 million term loan B secured loan and a $35 million revolving credit facility. The $35 million revolving credit facility included a $10 million letter of credit subfacility and $10 million swingline subfacility.
 We expect positive cash flows from operations. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balances, cash generated from operations and our ability to borrow under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our business operations and capital expenditures for the next twelve months and beyond.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 As follows, our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized:

 2024
 2023

 Operating activities
 $
 83,092
 $
 36,751

 Investing activities
 (4,345)

 Financing activities
 (89,048)
 (34,500)

 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 1,770
 (1,113)

 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 $
 (4,183)
 $
 (3,207)

 Cash flows from operating activities increased $46.3 million as a result of:
 • a $11.7 million increase in net operating assets for fiscal 2024 compared to a $21.7 million decrease in fiscal 2023,
 • a $9.7 million debt issuance cost write-off included in net income in fiscal 2024,
 • a $5.7 million litigation accrual included in net income in fiscal 2024.
 These increases were partially offset by:
 • a $2.3 million decrease in net income in fiscal 2024
 • and a $2.2 million increase in gains from the sale of assets in fiscal 2024.
 Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $4.3 million as a result of:
 • a $2.2 million increase in proceeds from the sale of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets
 • and a $2.1 million decrease in purchases of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets.
 Cash flows from financing activities decreased $54.5 million as a result of:
 • debt payments of $304.7 million in fiscal 2024, including $213.6 million to retire our prior credit facility, and payments of $91.1 million against our new credit facility, compared to debt payments of $36.4 million in fiscal 2023.
 • and a $1.0 million decrease in proceeds from stock option plan transactions.
 These were partially offset by:
 • net proceeds of $214.1 million from the issuance of a new credit facility
 • and a $0.7 million decrease in taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment options and awards.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 The following summarizes our contractual obligations at September 30, 2024:

 Payments due by fiscal period

 Total
 Less than 1 year
 1-3 years
 3-5 years
 Thereafter

 Operating leases
 $
 16,768
 $
 3,791
 $
 5,375
 $
 3,737
 $
 3,865

 Revolving loan
 124,300
 —
 —
 124,300
 —

 Total
 $
 141,068
 $
 3,791
 $
 5,375
 $
 128,037
 $
 3,865

 The operating lease agreements included above primarily relate to office space. The table above does not include our possible payments for uncertain tax positions. Our reserve for uncertain tax positions, including accrued interest and penalties, was $3.6 million as of September 30, 2024. Due to the nature of the underlying liabilities and the extended time often needed to resolve income tax uncertainties, we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount or timing of future cash payments that may be required to settle these liabilities. The above table also does not include those obligations for royalties under license agreements as these royalties are calculated based on future sales of licensed products and we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount of cash payments.
 FOREIGN CURRENCY
 We are not exposed to a significant amount of foreign currency transaction risk associated with sales transactions as the majority of our sales are denominated in U.S. Dollars. We are exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. Dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
 During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we had approximately $121.6 million, $121.1 million and $85.8 million, respectively, of revenue related to foreign customers including export sales, of which $0.4 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, were denominated in foreign currencies, predominantly the Canadian Dollar. In future periods, we continue to expect that the majority of our sales will be in U.S. Dollar.
 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
 Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the values of purchased assets and assumed liabilities in acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
 We believe the following critical accounting policies impact our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 REVENUE RECOGNITION
 We recognize hardware product revenue upon transfer of control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
 • identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;
 • identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
 • determination of the transaction price;
 • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 • recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.
 Hardware Product Revenue and SmartSense by Digi Equipment Revenue and Associated Installation Fees
 Our hardware product revenue is derived primarily from the sale of wired and wireless hardware products to our distributors and direct/original equipment manufacturer ("Direct/OEM") customers. Product revenue generally is recognized upon shipment of the product to a customer. Sales to authorized domestic distributors and Direct/OEM customers typically are made with certain rights of return and price adjustment provisions. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Material differences between the historical trends used to determine estimated reserves and actual credit returns and pricing adjustments could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
 Equipment revenue from SmartSense by Digi within our IoT Solutions segment is recognized upon shipment of the equipment to a customer. Installation service charges from these sales are recorded when the product is installed.
 Subscription and Support Services Revenue
 Our SmartSense by Digi and Ventus subscription revenue is based on contracts with at least an annual term and is recorded on a monthly basis. These subscriptions are generally in a range from one to five years, and may contain an evergreen renewal provision. Generally, our subscription renewal charges per month are the same as the original contract term.
 We also derive service revenue from our Digi Remote Manager, a platform-as-a-service ("PaaS") offering, whereby customers pay for services consumed based on the number of devices being managed or monitored. This revenue is recognized over the life of the service term and is included in our IoT Products & Services segment.
 Digi Support Services revenues are recognized over the life of the support contract and included in our IoT Products & Services segment. Some of Digi Support Services revenue is one-time in nature for training and this revenue is recognized as the services are performed.
 Professional Services Revenue
 Professional services revenue is derived from our Digi Wireless Design Services contracts on either on a time-and-materials or a fixed-fee basis. These revenues are one-time in nature, are included in our IoT Products & Services segment and are recognized as the services are performed for time-and-materials contracts or as invoiced for fixed-fee contracts.
 Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
 From time to time we have contracts from customers with multiple performance obligations. Our hardware products may be combined with our Digi Remote Manager PaaS offering as well as other support services in an individual contract. Our SmartSense by Digi revenues typically are derived from contracts with multiple performance obligations. These obligations may include: delivery of monitoring equipment that the customer purchases out-right, monitoring services, providing condition alerts of assets being monitored, and recertification of sensor equipment. When we retain ownership of the equipment, we charge an implementation fee to the customer so they can begin using the equipment. In these instances, all revenue derived from the above obligations is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. If the customer purchases the equipment out-right, that portion of the revenue is recognized at the stand-alone selling price at the time the equipment is shipped and all

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 other revenue is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. We have made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of our revenues any sales or similar taxes we collect from customers.
 INVENTORIES
 Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. We reduce the carrying value of our inventories for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. These estimates are subject to uncertainty and involve the use of historical data and future market expectations. Once the new cost basis is established, the value is not increased with any changes in circumstances that would indicate an increase in value after the re-measurement. If actual product demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required that could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
 GOODWILL
 Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. We have two reportable segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements). Our IoT Products & Services business is structured to include four reporting units under the IoT Products & Services segment, each with a reporting manager: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Following our acquisition of Ventus in the first fiscal quarter of 2022, IoT Solutions is comprised of two reporting units; Ventus and SmartSense by Digi. Each of our six reporting units have been tested individually for impairment.
 The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a weighted combination of an income and market approach. A discounted cash flow ("DCF") method is utilized for the income approach. In developing the DCF analysis, our assumptions about future revenues, expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital are based on management's projections, and assume a terminal growth rate thereafter. A separate discount rate is determined for each reporting unit and these cash flows are then discounted to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. The market approach determines a value derived from the guideline company method. This market approach method estimates the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit based on comparable companies.
 Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. We believe we made a reasonable estimate with the assumptions used to calculate the fair values of our two reporting segments. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential impacts to our assumptions, as any changes could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
 Results of our Fiscal 2024 Annual Impairment Test
 As of June 30, 2024, we had a total of $32.7 million of goodwill for the Cellular Routers reporting unit, $57.1 million of goodwill for the Console Servers reporting unit, $64.2 million of goodwill for the OEM Solutions reporting unit, $20.4 million of goodwill for the Infrastructure Management reporting unit, $48.9 million of goodwill for the SmartSense by Digi reporting unit and $118.6 million of goodwill for the Ventus reporting unit. At June 30, 2024, the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying value for all six reporting units and no impairment was recorded. Ventus fair value exceeded carrying values by less than 10%.

 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 INTEREST RATE RISK
 We may be exposed to interest rate risk should we decide to invest in marketable securities. When we held marketable securities, we classified them as available-for-sale and they were carried at fair value. Our investments historically consisted of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. Our investment policy specifies the types of eligible investments and minimum credit quality of our investments, as well as diversification and concentration limits which mitigate our risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate risk because the majority of our investments mature in less than one year.
 We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2024, we had $124.3 million outstanding under our Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR with a floor of 0.00% for an interest period of one, three, or six months as selected by Digi, reset at the end of the selected interest period (or a replacement benchmark rate if Term SOFR is no longer available) plus the applicable margin or a base rate plus the applicable margin. The base rate is determined by reference to the highest of BMO's prime rate, the rate determined by BMO to be the average rate of Federal funds in the secondary market plus 0.50%, or one-month SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for loans under the Credit Facility is in a range of 1.75% to 2.75% for Term SOFR loans and 0.75% to 1.75% for base rate loans, depending on Digi's total net leverage ratio. Based on the balance sheet position for both the Revolving Loan at September 30, 2024, the annualized effect of a 25-basis point change in interest rates would increase or decrease our interest expense by $0.3 million. For additional information, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements. For our Credit Facility, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair value of the debt instruments, but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. If interest rates remain elevated, we will continue to see interest expenses that are higher than historical amounts.
 FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
 We are exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with certain sales being denominated in Canadian Dollars and in certain cases, transactions in U.S. Dollars in our foreign entities. We are also exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. In addition, as foreign currency rates fluctuate, we may from time to time, adjust the prices of our products, services and subscriptions. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
 The table below compares the average monthly exchange rates of the Euro, British Pound Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar:

 Fiscal year ended
September 30,
 % increase

 2024
 2023
 (decrease)

 Euro
 1.1111
 1.0679
 4.0
 %

 British Pound
 1.3221
 1.2183
 8.5
 %

 Canadian Dollar
 0.7381
 0.7380
 —
 %

 Australian Dollar
 0.6773
 0.6423
 5.4
 %

 A 10.0% change from the 2024 average exchange rate for the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in an immaterial increase or decrease in fiscal 2024 annual revenue and a 1.0% increase or decrease in stockholders' equity at September 30, 2024. The above analysis does not take into consideration any pricing adjustments we may make in response to changes in the exchange rates.
 CREDIT RISK
 We have some exposure to credit risk related to our accounts receivable portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through regular monitoring of customer financial status, credit limits and collaboration with sales management on customer contacts to facilitate payment.

 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 Page

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 34)

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 248)

 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Digi International Inc.
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Digi International Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for the year ended September 30, 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Table of Contents at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended September 30, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated November 22, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 Basis for Opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matter
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
 Goodwill — Cellular Routers, Smart Sense, and Ventus Reporting Units — Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial statements
 The Company's evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company used a combination of the income approach and market approach to estimate fair value, which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, specifically related to discount rates and forecasts of future revenue growth rate, gross margins and earnings before income taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") margins used in the income approach. The determination of the fair value using the market approach requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to revenue multiples within the Cellular Routers reporting unit and EBITDA multiples within the Ventus reporting unit. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value. The goodwill balance was $341.9 million as of June 30, 2024, of which $32.7 million, $48.9 million, and $118.6 million was allocated to the Cellular Routers, Smart Sense, and Ventus reporting units, respectively.
 We identified goodwill for the Cellular Routers, Smart Sense, and Ventus reporting units as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of these reporting units. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing

 audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management's estimates and assumptions related to selection of the discount rates and forecasts of future revenue growth rate, gross margins, EBITDA margins and revenue multiples within the Cellular Routers reporting unit and EBITDA multiples within Ventus reporting unit.
 How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
 Our audit procedures related to the discount rates and forecasts of revenue growth rate, future gross margins, EBITDA margins, revenue multiples within the Cellular Routers reporting unit and EBITDA multiples within the Ventus reporting unit used by management to estimate the fair value of the Cellular Routers, Smart Sense and Ventus reporting units included the following, among others:
 • We tested the effectiveness of controls over management's goodwill impairment evaluation, including those over the determination of the fair value of the Cellular Routers, Smart Sense, and Ventus reporting units, such as controls related to management's selection of the discount rates and forecasts of revenue growth rate, gross margins, EBITDA margins, revenue multiples within the Cellular Routers reporting unit, and EBITDA multiples within the Ventus reporting unit.
 • We evaluated management's ability to accurately forecast revenue growth rate, gross margins and EBITDA margins by comparing actual results to management's historical forecasts.
 • We evaluated the reasonableness of management's revenue growth rate, gross margin and EBITDA margin forecasts by comparing the forecasts to:
 Historical revenue growth rate, gross margins and EBITDA margins.
 Forecasted information included in Company press releases as well as in industry reports for the Company and certain of its peer companies.
 • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology and (2) discount rates by:
 Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates and the mathematical accuracy of the calculations.
 Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.
 • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the revenue multiples within the Cellular Routers reporting unit and EBITDA multiples within the Ventus reporting unit, including testing the underlying source information and mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and comparing the multiples selected by management to its guideline companies.

 /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 Minneapolis, Minnesota
 November 22, 2024

 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 Board of Directors and Stockholders
 Digi International Inc.
 Opinion on the financial statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Digi International Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2022 (not presented herein), the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes and consolidated financial statement schedule included under Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 Basis for opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
 We served as the Company's auditor from 2016 to 2022.

 Cincinnati, Ohio
 November 23, 2022

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 2024
 2023
 2022

 (in thousands, except per common share data)

 Revenue:

 Product
 $
 304,540
 $
 331,162
 $
 290,170

 Service
 119,506
 113,687
 98,055

 388,225

 Cost of sales:

 Cost of product
 144,790
 161,451
 140,615

 Cost of service
 25,537
 27,233
 26,027

 Amortization
 3,813
 3,962
 5,297

 Total cost of sales
 174,140
 192,646
 171,939

 Gross profit
 249,906
 252,203
 216,286

 Operating expenses:

 Sales and marketing
 83,278
 81,681
 70,366

 Research and development
 60,289
 58,648
 55,098

 General and administrative
 58,250
 61,779
 58,802

 Change in fair value of contingent consideration
 —
 —
 ( 6,200)

 Total operating expenses
 201,817
 202,108
 178,066

 Operating income
 48,089
 50,095
 38,220

 Other expense, net:

 Interest expense, net
 ( 15,415)
 ( 25,236)
 ( 19,690)

 Debt issuance cost write off
 ( 9,722)
 —
 —

 Other (expense) income, net
 ( 94)

 Total other expense, net
 ( 25,231)
 ( 25,177)
 ( 19,592)

 Income before income taxes
 22,858
 24,918
 18,628

 Income tax expense (benefit)
 ( 755)

 $
 $
 $

 Net income per common share:

 Basic
 $
 0.62
 $
 0.69
 $
 0.55

 Diluted net income per common share:

 Diluted
 $
 0.61
 $
 0.67
 $
 0.54

 Weighted average common shares:

 Basic
 36,316
 35,820
 35,031

 Diluted
 36,984
 36,869
 35,995

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 2024
 2023
 2022

 (in thousands)

 $
 $
 $

 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

 Foreign currency translation adjustment
 3,267
 ( 957)
 ( 3,308)

 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 3,267
 ( 957)
 ( 3,308)

 Comprehensive income
 $
 25,772
 $
 23,813
 $
 16,075

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 2024
 2023

 (in thousands, except share data)

 ASSETS

 Current assets:

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 27,510
 $
 31,693

 Accounts receivable, net
 69,640
 55,997

 Inventories
 53,357
 74,396

 Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 3,940
 4,112

 Total current assets
 154,447
 166,198

 Property, equipment and improvements, net
 34,915
 29,108

 Identifiable intangible assets, net
 252,909
 277,084

 Goodwill
 342,774
 341,593

 Deferred tax assets
 16,141
 4,884

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 10,207
 12,876

 Other non-current assets
 3,682
 3,788

 Total assets
 $
 815,075
 $
 835,531

 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 Current liabilities:

 Current portion of long-term debt
 $
 —
 $
 15,523

 Accounts payable
 23,759
 17,148

 Income taxes payable
 2,549
 1,116

 Accrued compensation
 13,995
 16,427

 Unearned revenue
 30,556
 25,274

 Current portion of operating lease liabilities
 2,973
 3,352

 Other current liabilities
 15,505
 7,138

 Total current liabilities
 89,337
 85,978

 Income taxes payable
 2,749
 2,308

 Deferred tax liabilities
 1,308
 1,812

 Long-term debt
 123,185
 188,051

 Operating lease liabilities
 11,228
 13,989

 Other non-current liabilities
 6,233
 2,905

 Total liabilities
 234,040
 295,043

 Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 13)

 Stockholders' equity:

 Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

 —
 —

 Common stock, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 42,996,725 and 42,501,150 shares issued

 Additional paid-in capital
 420,413
 403,735

 Retained earnings
 247,350
 224,845

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 ( 23,744)
 ( 27,011)

 Treasury stock, at cost, 6,449,364 and 6,436,204 shares

 ( 63,414)
 ( 61,506)

 Total stockholders' equity
 581,035
 540,488

 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 $
 815,075
 $
 835,531

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating activities:
 (in thousands)

 $
 $
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation of property, equipment and improvements
 8,511
 6,753
 6,644

 Amortization
 25,106
 27,203
 30,928

 Write-off of debt issuance costs
 9,722
 —
 —

 8,578

 Deferred income tax provision
 ( 11,761)
 ( 12,739)
 ( 3,387)

 Change in fair value of contingent consideration
 —
 —
 ( 6,200)

 Litigation accrual
 5,700
 —
 —

 Other, net
 ( 1,540)
 ( 806)
 ( 188)

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions):

 Accounts receivable
 ( 13,641)
 ( 5,558)
 ( 114)

 Inventories
 8,786
 ( 5,062)
 ( 34,468)

 Other assets
 ( 107)
 ( 1,214)
 ( 545)

 Income taxes
 2,281
 4,088
 ( 1,305)

 Accounts payable
 6,448
 ( 15,503)
 7,281

 Accrued expenses
 7,923
 1,533
 11,133

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 83,092
 36,751
 37,740

 Investing activities:

 Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
 —
 —
 ( 347,554)

 Purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets
 ( 2,226)
 ( 4,345)
 ( 1,974)

 Proceeds from sales of intangibles
 2,229
 —
 —

 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 ( 4,345)
 ( 349,528)

 Financing activities:

 Proceeds from long-term debt
 214,062
 —
 350,000

 Payments of debt issuance costs
 —
 —
 ( 13,443)

 Payments on long-term debt
 ( 304,725)
 ( 36,375)
 ( 148,118)

 Proceeds from stock option plan transactions
 2,978
 3,926
 9,505

 Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions
 2,206
 2,263
 1,500

 Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards
 ( 3,569)
 ( 4,314)
 ( 6,662)

 Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
 ( 89,048)
 ( 34,500)
 192,782

 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 1,770
 ( 1,113)
 1,474

 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 ( 4,183)
 ( 3,207)
 ( 117,532)

 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 31,693
 34,900
 152,432

 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 $
 27,510
 $
 31,693
 $
 34,900

 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 Interest paid
 $
 14,763
 $
 26,351
 $
 14,209

 Income taxes paid, net
 $
 7,306
 $
 8,693
 $
 4,333

 Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:

 Accrual for property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangibles assets
 $
 ( 164)
 $
 ( 277)
 $
 ( 191)

 Transfer of inventory to property, equipment and improvements
 $
 ( 12,252)
 $
 ( 3,889)
 $
 ( 6,237)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 (in thousands)
 Accumulated

 Additional
 Other
 Total

 Common Stock
 Treasury Stock
 Paid-In
 Retained
 Comprehensive
 Stockholders'

 Shares
 Par Value
 Shares
 Value
 Capital
 Earnings
 (Loss) Income
 Equity

 Balance on September 30, 2021
 40,653
 $
 6,391
 $
 ( 56,535)
 $
 370,699
 $
 180,692
 $
 ( 22,746)
 $
 472,517

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive loss
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 3,308)
 ( 3,308)

 Employee stock purchase issuances
 —
 —
 ( 80)
 —
 —
 1,500

 Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards
 —
 —
 ( 2,363)
 ( 4,299)
 —
 —
 ( 6,662)

 Issuance of stock under stock award plans
 1,297
 —
 —
 9,492
 —
 —
 9,505

 —
 —
 —
 —
 8,578
 —
 —
 8,578

 Balances, September 30, 2022
 41,950
 6,413
 ( 58,172)
 385,244
 200,075
 ( 26,054)
 501,513

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive loss
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 957)
 ( 957)

 Employee stock purchase issuances
 —
 —
 ( 83)
 1,476
 —
 —
 2,263

 Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards
 —
 —
 ( 4,121)
 ( 193)
 —
 —
 ( 4,314)

 Issuance of stock under stock award plans
 —
 —
 3,922
 —
 —
 3,927

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Balances, September 30, 2023
 42,501
 6,436
 ( 61,506)
 403,735
 224,845
 ( 27,011)
 540,488

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 3,267
 3,267

 Employee stock purchase issuances
 —
 —
 ( 102)
 1,209
 —
 —
 2,207

 Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards
 —
 —
 ( 2,906)
 ( 663)
 —
 —
 ( 3,569)

 Issuance of stock upon under stock award plans
 —
 —
 2,973
 —
 —
 2,978

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Balances, September 30, 2024
 42,997
 $
 6,449
 $
 ( 63,414)
 $
 420,413
 $
 247,350
 $
 ( 23,744)
 $
 581,035

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 Business Description
 We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical IoT connectivity products, services and solutions. We help our customers create next-generation connected products to deploy, monitor and manage critical communications infrastructures and compliance standards in demanding environments with high levels of security and reliability. We have two reportable segments: (i) IoT Products & Services; and (ii) IoT Solutions.
 Principles of Consolidation
 The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year's consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

 Accounting Estimates

 The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
 Cash and Cash Equivalents
 Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and other highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these investments. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in bank accounts which may exceed federally insured limits at times. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts.
 Accounts Receivable
 Accounts receivable are stated at the amount we expect to collect. This amount is net of an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments and a reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments. The following factors are considered when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and changes in customer payment terms or practices. In addition, overall historical collection experience, current economic industry trends, and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable are considered when determining the required allowance for credit losses. Based on our assessment, we provide for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to our allowance for credit losses. Balances that remain outstanding after we have used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance for credit losses and a credit to accounts receivable. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded.
 The following table presents a reconciliation of the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 Balance at beginning of period
 $
 1,693
 $
 3,285

 Additions
 2,090
 1,134

 Uncollectible accounts charged to allowance, net of recoveries
 ( 2,221)
 ( 2,726)

 Balance at end of period
 $
 1,562
 $
 1,693

 Inventories
 Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Appropriate consideration is given to deterioration, obsolescence and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.
 Property, Equipment and Improvements, Net
 Property, equipment and improvements are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided by charges to operations using the straight-line method over the estimated asset useful lives. Furniture and fixtures, purchased software and other equipment are depreciated over a period of three years to ten years. Building improvements and buildings are depreciated over ten years and 39 years, respectively. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Long-lived assets to be held and used, such as property, equipment and improvements, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
 Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while major renewals and betterments are capitalized. The assets and related accumulated depreciation accounts are adjusted for asset retirements and disposals with the resulting gain or loss included in operations.
 Identifiable Intangible Assets
 Purchased proven technology, license agreements, covenants not to compete and other identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value when acquired in a business acquisition, or at cost when not purchased in a business acquisition. All other identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years to 20.5 years. Useful lives for identifiable intangible assets are estimated at the time of acquisition based on the periods of time from which we expect to derive benefits from the identifiable intangible assets. Amortization of purchased and core technology is included in cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of all other acquired identifiable intangible assets is charged to operating expenses as a component of general and administrative expense.
 Identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that undiscounted expected future cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying value amount. Impairment losses, if any, are recorded in the period the impairment is identified. There were no impairments identified in fiscal 2024, 2023 or 2022.
 Goodwill
 Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment.
 We have two reportable and operating segments: our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements). Our IoT Products & Services business is structured to include four reporting units under the IoT Products & Services segment: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Following our acquisition of Ventus in the first fiscal quarter of 2022, IoT Solutions is comprised of two reporting units: Ventus and SmartSense by Digi. We have six reporting units that have been tested individually for impairment.
 Our goodwill impairment tests as of June 30, 2024, June 30,2023 and June 30, 2022 indicated no impairment (see Note 3). During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we assessed various qualitative factors to determine whether or not an additional goodwill impairment assessment was required as of September 30, 2024, and we concluded that no additional impairment assessment was required.
 Contingent Consideration
 We measure our contingent consideration liabilities recognized in connection with business combinations at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement." We used a probability-weighted discounted cash flow approach as a valuation technique to

 determine the fair value of the contingent consideration on the acquisition date. At each subsequent reporting period, the fair value is re-measured with the change in fair value recognized in general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts, if any, paid to the seller in excess of the amount recorded on the acquisition date will be classified as cash flows used in operating activities. Payments to the seller not exceeding the acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration will be classified as cash flows used in financing activities.
 Warranties
 In general, we warrant our hardware products to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty periods generally range from one year to five years. We typically have the option to either repair or replace hardware products we deem defective with regard to material or workmanship. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized based upon an estimated average per unit repair or replacement cost applied to the estimated number of units under warranty. These estimates are based upon historical warranty incidents and are evaluated on an ongoing basis to ensure the adequacy of the warranty accrual.
 We also warrant our software or firmware incorporated into our products generally for a period of one year and offer to provide a bug fix or software patch within a reasonable period. We have not accrued specifically for this warranty and have not had claims specifically related to software or firmware. We are not responsible for, and do not warrant that, custom software versions, created by OEM customers based upon our software source code, will function in a particular way, will conform to any specifications or are fit for any particular purpose. Further, we do not indemnify these customers from any third-party liability as it relates to or arises from any customization or modifications made by the OEM customer.
 Treasury Stock
 We record treasury stock at cost. Treasury stock may be acquired from employees for tax withholding purposes related to vesting of restricted stock unit awards as part of our stock-based compensation program and issued pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 Revenue Recognition
 We recognize hardware product revenue upon transfer of control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
 We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
 • identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;
 • identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
 • determination of the transaction price;
 • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
 • recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.
 Hardware Product Revenue and SmartSense by Digi Equipment Revenue and Associated Installation Fees
 Our hardware product revenue is derived primarily from the sale of wired and wireless hardware products to our distributors and OEM customers. Product revenue generally is recognized upon shipment of the product to a customer. Sales to authorized domestic distributors and OEM customers typically are made with certain rights of return and price adjustment provisions. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Material differences between the historical trends used to determine estimated reserves and actual credit returns and pricing adjustments could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

 Equipment revenue from SmartSense by Digi and Ventus within our IoT Solutions segment is recognized upon shipment of the equipment to a customer. Installation service charges from these sales are recorded when the product is installed.
 Subscription and Support Services Revenue
 Our SmartSense by Digi and Ventus subscription revenue is recorded on a monthly basis. These subscriptions are generally in a range from one year to five years, and may contain an evergreen renewal provision. Generally, our subscription renewal charges per month are the same as the original contract term.
 We derive service revenue from our platform-as-a-service ("PaaS") offerings, whereby customers pay for services consumed based on the number of devices managed or monitored per month. Depending on the billing method set forth in the contract, we invoice our customers monthly, quarterly or annually either in advance or in arrears. Revenue is recognized over the life of the service term as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the services. Because these arrangements involve repetitive services that are substantially the same from one month to the next, we apply the guidance under ASC 606-10-25-15. We utilize a time-based output method to recognize revenue over time as this properly depicts our transfer of control to the customer. These revenues are included in our IoT Products & Services segment.
 Digi Support Services revenues are recognized over the life of the support contract and included in our IoT Products & Services segment. Some of Digi Support Services revenue is for training and this revenue is recognized as the services are performed.
 Professional Services Revenue
 Professional services revenue is derived from our Digi Wireless Design Services contracts on either on a time-and-materials or a fixed-fee basis. These revenues, which are included in our IoT Products & Services segment are recognized as the services are performed for time-and-materials contracts or as invoiced for fixed-fee contracts.
 Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
 Some of our contracts with customers in IoT Products and Services and, to a much lesser extent, in IoT Solutions include multiple performance obligations. In these contracts, each performance obligation is recognized at the amount of the allocated transaction price, which is determined based on each performance obligations standalone selling price ("SSP") for the distinct obligation. The best evidence of SSP is the observable price of a product or service when we sell the goods separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, we estimate SSP using information that may include market conditions. In some of our IoT Solution contracts we are providing subscription services, while retaining ownership of the equipment, we have determined there is a single performance obligation encompassing the various activities that are inputs into the service. As such, all revenue derived from the service is recognized over the subscription term of the contract ratably as a series. We have made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of our revenues any sales or similar taxes we collect from customers.
 Research and Development
 Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development costs include compensation, allocation of corporate costs, depreciation, utilities, professional services and prototypes. Software and firmware development costs are expensed as incurred until the point that both the technological feasibility and the proven marketability of the product are established. To date, the time period between the establishment of technological feasibility and completion of software development has been short and no significant development costs have been incurred during that period. Accordingly, we have not capitalized any software development costs to date.
 Income Taxes
 Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is equal to the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as changes in income tax reserves. We maintain valuation allowances unless it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in our tax provision in the period of change. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax

 positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.
 Stock-Based Compensation
 Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. This cost must be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide the service (usually the vesting period).
 Foreign Currency Translation
 Financial position and results of operations of our international subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. For our international subsidiaries, our statements of operations accounts are translated at the weighted average rates of exchange prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing currency exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency exchange transactions, as well as translation gains or losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity's functional currency, are reflected in the statement of operations. During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 there were net transaction (losses) gains of $( 0.1) million, $ 0.0 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively that were recorded in other income, net. We manage our net asset or net liability position for U.S. dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
 Comprehensive Income
 Our comprehensive income is comprised of net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities. These items are charged or credited to the accumulated other comprehensive loss account in stockholders' equity.
 Net Income Per Common Share
 Basic net income per common share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares of our stock result from common stock options and restricted stock units. We use the treasury stock method to calculate the weighted-average shares used in the diluted earnings per share computation. Under this method the proceeds from exercise of an option, any amount of compensation cost for future service that we have not yet recognized, and the amount of estimated tax benefits that would be recorded in paid-in capital when the option is exercised are assumed to have been used to repurchase shares in the current period.
 The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators in the net income per common share calculations (in thousands, except per common share data):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Numerator:

 $
 $
 $

 Denominator:

 Denominator basic net income per common share — weighted average shares outstanding
 36,316
 35,820
 35,031

 Effect of dilutive securities:

 Stock options and restricted stock units
 1,049

 Denominator diluted net income per common share — adjusted weighted average shares
 36,984
 36,869
 35,995

 Net income per common share, basic
 $
 0.62
 $
 0.69
 $
 0.55

 Net income per common share, diluted
 $
 0.61
 $
 0.67
 $
 0.54

 Because their effect would be anti-dilutive at period end, certain potentially dilutive shares related to stock options to purchase common shares were excluded in the above computation of diluted earnings per share because the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares. For the years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, such excluded stock options were 678,697, 395,190 and 647,181, respectively.

 2. ACQUISITIONS
 Fiscal 2022 Acquisition
 Acquisition of Ventus
 On November 1, 2021, we acquired Ventus for approximately $ 350 million in cash. The acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and debt financing under a $ 350 million credit facility committed by BMO Harris Bank N.A.
 For tax purposes, this acquisition was treated as an asset acquisition. We believe this is a complementary acquisition for us as it significantly enhances our IoT Solutions segment by enhancing Digi's service portfolio and immediately extends the company's market reach with a Managed Network-as-a-Service ("MNaaS") solutions offering.
 Costs directly related to the acquisition of $ 4.4 million incurred in fiscal 2022 were charged to operations and are included in general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of operations. These acquisition costs include legal, accounting, valuation and investment banking fees.
 The following table summarizes the fair values of Ventus assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

 Cash
 $
 350,000

 Fair value of net tangible assets acquired
 $
 20,365

 Identifiable intangible assets:

 Customer relationships
 179,000

 Purchased and core technology
 16,000

 Trademarks
 16,000

 Goodwill
 118,635

 Total
 $
 350,000

 The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 reflected the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The fair value of customer relationships was calculated using the excess earnings method, while purchased and core technology and patents were valued using the relief from royalty method. These methodologies utilize future estimates including revenues attributable to customer relationships, tax rates, discount rates, royalty rates and obsolescence rates. The final purchase price allocation includes an adjustment made in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022 to reflect an update from our preliminary purchase price allocation to the valuation of the net tangible assets acquired and goodwill resulting from the acquisition. Included in the fair value of net tangible assets acquired was $ 0.9 million of right-of-use asset included in other non-current assets and $ 0.9 million of lease liability included in other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities associated with Ventus' operating leases.
 The weighted average useful life for all the identifiable intangibles listed above is estimated to be 19.2 years. For purposes of determining fair value, the existing customer relationships identified above are assumed to have a useful life of 20.5 years, purchased and core technology is assumed to have useful life of 11 years and trademarks are assumed a useful life of 13 years. Useful lives for identifiable intangible assets are estimated at the time of acquisition based on the periods of time from which we expect to derive benefits from the identifiable intangible assets. The identifiable intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method which reflects the pattern in which the assets are expected to be consumed.
 The fiscal 2022 consolidated results include $ 54.3 million in revenue contributed by the acquired Ventus business. It is impracticable to quantify the amount of Ventus contribution to our consolidated net income due to the business structure management uses for reporting and allocating expenses to segments.

 2. ACQUISITIONS (CONTINUED)
 The following consolidated pro forma information is presented as if the acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2020 (in thousands):

 2022
 2021

 Net sales
 $
 393,290
 $
 360,820

 Net income (loss)
 $
 14,274
 $
 ( 2,701)

 Pro forma net income has been adjusted to include interest expense related to debt incurred as a result of the acquisition, amortization on the fair value of the intangibles acquired and remove any costs incurred with the sale transaction. Net income for the year ended September 30, 2021 was adjusted to include acquisition-related costs of $ 3.1 million.

 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
 Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net
 Amortizable identifiable intangible assets, net as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following (in thousands):

 Gross
carrying
amount
 Accum.
amort.
 Net
 Gross
carrying
amount
 Accum.
amort.
 Net

 Purchased and core technology
 $
 85,041
 $
 ( 63,654)
 $
 21,387
 $
 85,032
 $
 ( 59,833)
 $
 25,199

 License agreements
 ( 112)
 —
 ( 112)
 —

 Patents and trademarks
 40,335
 ( 22,047)
 18,288
 39,957
 ( 19,888)
 20,069

 Customer relationships
 309,223
 ( 95,989)
 213,234
 309,196
 ( 77,380)
 231,816

 Non-compete agreements
 ( 600)
 —
 ( 600)
 —

 Order backlog
 1,000
 ( 1,000)
 —
 1,000
 ( 1,000)
 —

 Total
 $
 436,311
 $
 ( 183,402)
 $
 252,909
 $
 435,897
 $
 ( 158,813)
 $
 277,084

 Amortization expense is included in our consolidated statements of operations in cost of sales and general and administrative expense. Amortization expense in cost of sales includes amortization for purchased and core technology and certain patents and trademarks.
 Amortization expense for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

 Fiscal year
 Total

 2024
 $
 24,553

 2023
 $
 25,226

 2022
 $
 27,195

 Estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):

 Fiscal year
 Total

 2025
 $
 21,811

 2026
 $
 21,579

 2027
 $
 21,579

 2028
 $
 20,410

 2029
 $
 18,355

 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):

 IoT
Products & Services
 IoT
Solutions
 Total

 Balance on September 30, 2022
 $
 172,931
 $
 167,546
 $
 340,477

 Foreign currency translation adjustment
 1,026
 1,116

 Balance on September 30, 2023
 $
 173,957
 $
 167,636
 $
 341,593

 Foreign currency translation adjustment
 1,136
 1,181

 Balance on September 30, 2024
 $
 175,093
 $
 167,681
 $
 342,774

 No goodwill impairment has been recorded in any period presented.
 Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. We continue to have two reportable and operating segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 4). Our IoT Products & Services business is structured to include four reporting units under the IoT Products & Services segment: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Following our acquisition of Ventus, IoT Solutions is comprised of two reporting units. All six reporting units were included in our fiscal 2022, 2023 and 2024 annual impairment tests.

 For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, then an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. Fair values for the six reporting units were each estimated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.
 The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to stockholders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. Key assumptions used in the analysis were related to the determination of discount rates and forecasts of future gross margins and earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization margins. The market approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as our prior acquisitions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
 Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential impacts to our assumptions, as any changes could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.

 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
 Results of our Fiscal 2024 Annual Impairment Test
 As of June 30, 2024, we had a total of $ 32.7 million of goodwill for the Cellular Routers reporting unit, $ 57.1 million of goodwill for the Console Servers reporting unit, $ 64.2 million of goodwill for the OEM Solutions reporting unit, $ 20.4 million of goodwill for the Infrastructure Management reporting unit, $ 48.9 million of goodwill for the SmartSense by Digi reporting unit and $ 118.6 million of goodwill for the Ventus reporting unit. At June 30, 2024, the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying value for all six reporting units and no impairment was recorded. Ventus fair value exceeded carrying values by less than 10%.

 4. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS
 We have two reportable segments that also serve as our operating segments: (i) IoT Products & Services and (ii) IoT Solutions. This determination was made by considering both qualitative and quantitative information. The qualitative information included, but was not limited to, the following: each segment is led by a single segment manager that reports to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), the nature of the products and services and customers differ between the two segments, discrete financial information is available through gross profit for both segments and the CODM is reviewing both segments' financial information separately to make decisions about the allocation of resources. IoT Products & Services derives revenue from the sale of products and services that help original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), enterprise and government customers create and deploy, secure IoT connectivity solutions. IoT Solutions derives revenue from the sale of software-based services that are enabled through the use of connected devices that utilize cellular communications. Our CEO is our CODM and the metric he uses to measure profitability within each of our reportable segments is segment gross profit.
 Summary operating results for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Revenue

 $
 324,444
 $
 345,680
 $
 297,645

 99,602
 99,169
 90,580

 $
 $
 $
 388,225

 Gross Profit

 $
 177,201
 $
 187,958
 $
 160,117

 72,705
 64,245
 56,169

 Total gross profit
 $
 249,906
 $
 252,203
 $
 216,286

 Depreciation and Amortization

 $
 12,446
 $
 12,544
 $
 13,974

 20,615
 19,432
 19,865

 Total depreciation and amortization
 $
 33,061
 $
 31,976
 $
 33,839

 Total expended for property, plant and equipment was as follows (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 1,005
 $
 $
 1,952

 IoT Solutions*
 3,510

 Total expended for property, plant and equipment
 $
 1,850
 $
 4,098
 $
 1,974

 * Excluded from this amount is $ 12.3 million, $ 3.9 million and $ 6.2 million of transfers of inventory to property plant and equipment for subscriber assets for the year ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 4. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (CONTINUED)
 Total assets for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 $
 376,998
 $
 384,018

 410,567
 419,820

 Unallocated*
 27,510
 31,693

 Total assets
 $
 815,075
 $
 835,531

 *Unallocated consists of cash and cash equivalents.
 Net property, equipment and improvements by geographic location were as follows (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 United States
 $
 34,416
 $
 28,631

 International, primarily Europe

 Total net property, equipment and improvements
 $
 34,915
 $
 29,108

 Our U.S. export sales represented 28.7 %, 27.2 % and 22.1 % of revenue for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. No single customer exceeded 10% of revenue or accounts receivable for any of the periods presented.

 5. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA
 The following table shows selected balance sheet data (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 Accounts receivable, net:

 Accounts receivable
 $
 78,672
 $
 61,880

 Less allowance for credit losses
 1,562
 1,693

 Less reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments
 7,470
 4,190

 Total accounts receivable, net
 $
 69,640
 $
 55,997

 Inventories:

 Raw materials
 $
 18,669
 $
 29,974

 Work in process

 Finished goods
 34,636
 44,356

 Total inventories
 $
 53,357
 $
 74,396

 Property, equipment and improvements, net:

 Land
 $
 $

 Buildings
 2,338
 2,338

 Improvements
 11,794
 11,703

 Equipment
 18,422
 17,909

 Purchased software
 5,186
 5,143

 Furniture and fixtures
 2,436
 2,459

 Subscriber assets
 40,787
 28,532

 Total property, equipment and improvements, gross
 81,533
 68,654

 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 46,618
 39,546

 Total property, equipment and improvements, net
 $
 34,915
 $
 29,108

 6. INDEBTEDNESS
 On November 1, 2021, we entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank N.A. ("BMO"). This agreement provides us with a senior secured credit facility (the "2021 Credit Facility") consisting of a $ 350 million term loan B secured loan (the "Term Loan Facility") and a $ 35 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Loan Facility") with an uncommitted option to increase incremental loans under the 2021 Credit Facility, subject to an incremental cap. The Revolving Loan Facility includes a $ 10 million letter of credit subfacility and $ 10 million swingline subfacility. Digi may use proceeds of the Revolving Loan Facility in the future for general corporate purposes. This loan replaced our syndicated senior secured credit agreement with BMO that was entered into on March 15, 2021 and replaced the remaining balance of our revolver with this new term loan. This prior agreement provided us with committed credit facilities ("Prior Credit Facility") consisting of a $ 200 million revolving loan.
 The debt issuance costs and remaining balance under the Prior Credit Facility totaled $ 2.3 million at November 1, 2021. Of this amount $ 1.9 million was written off and included in interest expense upon the entry into the new amendment and $ 0.4 million is being amortized over the term of the amended loan and reported in interest expense. Digi incurred an additional $ 11.7 million and $ 1.7 million in debt issuance costs relating to the November 1, 2021 and December 22, 2021 amendments, respectively. These amounts are being amortized over the term of the amended loan and reported in interest expense.
 On December 22, 2021, Digi entered into a third amended and restated credit agreement with BMO. Digi refinanced the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Loan Facility under its existing credit agreement entered into on November 1, 2021, but did not receive any additional proceeds from nor modify the amounts of any facilities or subfacilities contained within that credit agreement.
 On December 7, 2023, Digi entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with BMO Bank N.A. ("BMO"), as administrative and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc. and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lenders (the "Lenders"). The Credit Agreement provides Digi with a senior secured credit facility (the "2023 Credit Facility"). The 2023 Credit Facility includes a $ 250 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Loan"), with an uncommitted accordion feature that provides for additional borrowing capacity of up to the greater of $ 95 million or one hundred percent of trailing twelve month adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"). The 2023 Credit Facility also contains a $ 10 million letter of credit sublimit and $ 10 million swingline sub-facility. Digi may use the proceeds of the 2023 Credit Facility in the future for general corporate purposes.
 Digi borrowed a total of $ 215 million under the 2023 Credit Facility to repay all obligations and to pay related fees and expenses under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 22, 2021 (the "2021 Credit Facility"), by and among Digi, as the borrower, BMO, as administrative agent and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as sole lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other lenders from time-to-time party thereto. The 2021 Credit Facility consisted of a $ 350 million term loan B secured loan and a $ 35 million revolving credit facility that included a $ 10 million letter of credit subfacility and $ 10 million swingline subfacility.
 Borrowings under the 2023 Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR with a floor of 0.00 % for an interest period of one, three, or six months as selected by Digi, reset at the end of the selected interest period (or a replacement benchmark rate if Term SOFR is no longer available) plus the applicable margin or a base rate plus the applicable margin. The base rate is determined by reference to the highest of BMO's prime rate, the rate determined by BMO to be the average rate of Federal funds in the secondary market plus 0.50 %, or one-month SOFR plus 1.00 %. The applicable margin for loans under the 2023 Credit Facility is in a range of 1.75 % to 2.75 % for Term SOFR loans and 0.75 % to 1.75 % for base rate loans, depending on Digi's total net leverage ratio. All borrowings from October through May were made at Term SOFR for a one-month interest election period plus an applicable margin of 2.50 %. All borrowings from June through September were made at Term SOFR for a one-month interest election period plus an applicable margin of 2.25 %. Our weighted average interest rate for our 2023 Credit Facility was 7.46 % as of September 30, 2024.
 In addition to paying interest on the outstanding principal, Digi is required to pay a commitment fee on the unutilized commitments under the 2023 Credit Facility. The commitment fee is between 0.20 % and 0.35 % depending on Digi's total net leverage ratio. Our weighted average Revolving Loan commitment fee was 0.25 % as of September 30, 2024. The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the property of Digi and its domestic subsidiaries.

 6. INDEBTEDNESS (CONTINUED)
 The debt issuance costs and remaining balance under the 2021 Credit Facility totaling $ 9.7 million at December 7, 2023 were written off and included in other expenses upon the entry into the Credit Agreement. Digi incurred an additional $ 1.3 million in debt issuance costs upon entry into the Credit Agreement, with this amount amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement and reported in interest expense.
 The Revolving Loan is due in a lump sum payment at maturity December 7, 2028, if any amounts are drawn. The fair value of the Revolving Loan approximated carrying value at September 30, 2024.
 Digi made payments against the Revolving Loan of $ 91.1 million in twelve months ended September 30, 2024.
 Digi made early payments against the term loan under the 2021 Credit Facility of $ 18.9 million and $ 100.0 million in twelve months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 The following table is a summary of our long-term indebtedness (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 Revolving loan
 $
 124,300
 $
 —

 Term loan
 —
 213,625

 Total loans
 124,300
 213,625

 Less unamortized issuance costs
 ( 1,115)
 ( 10,051)

 Less current maturities of long-term debt
 —
 ( 15,523)

 Total long-term debt, net of current portion
 $
 123,185
 $
 188,051

 Covenants and Security Interest
 The Credit Agreement requires Digi to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and a total net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00, with certain exceptions for a covenant holiday of up to 3.50 to 1.00 after certain material acquisitions. The total net leverage ratio is defined as the ratio of Digi's consolidated total funded indebtedness minus unrestricted cash as of such date up to a maximum amount not to exceed $ 50 million, to consolidated EBITDA for such period. The Credit Agreement also contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict the ability of Digi and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, dispose of significant assets, make certain investments, including any acquisitions other than permitted acquisitions, make certain restricted payments, enter into sale and leaseback transactions or grant additional liens on its assets, subject to certain limitations. Amounts borrowed under the 2023 Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.

 7. PRODUCT WARRANTY OBLIGATION
 The following table summarizes the activity associated with the product warranty accrual (in thousands) and is listed on our consolidated balance sheets within other current liabilities:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Balance at beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Warranties accrued

 Settlements made
 ( 407)
 ( 469)
 ( 358)

 Balance at end of period
 $
 $
 $

 8. LEASES
 All of our leases are operating leases and primarily consist of leases for office space. For any lease with an initial term in excess of twelve months, the related lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized on our consolidated balance sheets as either operating or financing leases at the inception of an agreement where it is determined that a lease exists. We have lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. Instead we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 Operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments. These assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We generally use a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date, including the lease term, in determining the present value of future payments. When determining our right-of-use asset, we generally do not include options to extend or terminate the lease unless it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
 Our leases typically require payment of real estate taxes and common area maintenance and insurance. These components comprise the majority of our variable lease cost and are excluded from the present value of our lease obligations. Fixed payments may contain predetermined fixed rent escalations. We recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.
 The following table shows the supplemental balance sheet information related to our leases (in thousands):

 Balance Sheet Location

 Assets

 Operating leases
 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 $
 10,207
 $
 12,876

 Total lease assets
 $
 10,207
 $
 12,876

 Liabilities

 Operating leases
 Current portion of operating lease liabilities
 $
 2,973
 $
 3,352

 Operating leases
 Operating lease liabilities
 11,228
 13,989

 Total lease liabilities
 $
 14,201
 $
 17,341

 The following were the components of our lease cost which is recorded in both cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expense (in thousands):

 Statement of Operations Location
 Year ended
 Year ended

 Operating lease cost
 Cost of goods sold and SG&A
 $
 3,531
 $
 3,815

 Variable lease cost
 Cost of goods sold and SG&A
 1,263
 1,332

 Short-term lease cost
 Cost of goods sold and SG&A

 Total lease cost
 $
 4,908
 $
 5,240

 The following table presents supplemental information related to operating leases (in thousands):

 Year ended
 Year ended

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
 $
 3,065
 $
 2,965

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
 $
 $

 8. LEASES (CONTINUED)

 Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases
 5.9 years

 Weighted average discount rate - operating leases
 4.80
 %

 The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years as well as all the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
 Fiscal year
 Amount

 2025
 $
 3,791

 2026
 3,307

 2027
 2,068

 2028
 1,897

 2029
 1,840

 Thereafter
 3,865

 Total future undiscounted lease payments
 16,768

 Less imputed interest
 ( 2,567)

 Total reported lease liability
 $
 14,201

 9. REVENUE
 Revenue Disaggregation
 The following table summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 North America, primarily the United States
 $
 302,491
 $
 323,714
 $
 302,409

 Europe, Middle East & Africa
 64,890
 69,980
 53,612

 Rest of world
 56,665
 51,155
 32,204

 $
 $
 $
 388,225

 The following table summarizes our revenue by the timing of revenue recognition:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Transferred at a point in time
 $
 313,421
 $
 345,119
 $
 302,535

 Transferred over time
 110,625
 99,730
 85,690

 $
 $
 $
 388,225

 Contract Balances
 Contract Related Assets
 Our contract related assets consist of subscriber assets. Subscriber assets are equipment that we provide to customers pursuant to subscription-based contracts. In these cases, we retain the ownership of the equipment a customer uses and charge the customer subscription fees to receive our end-to-end solutions. The total net book value of subscriber assets of $ 23.6 million and $ 16.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, are included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets was $ 5.3 million and $ 3.8 million for the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We depreciate the cost of this equipment over its useful life and include these expenses in cost of sales.

 9. REVENUE (CONTINUED)
 Contract Assets
 Contract assets at Digi consist of products and services that have been fulfilled, but for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Our contract asset balances were immaterial as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.
 Contract Liabilities
 The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees, as well as product sales that have been invoiced, but not yet fulfilled.
 Our contract liabilities were $ 36.8 million and $ 27.9 million at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 Of the $ 27.9 million and $ 21.6 million balances as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, Digi recognized $ 20.0 million and $ 17.5 million as revenue in the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 Remaining Performance Obligation
 As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $ 151.0 million of remaining performance obligations on contracts with an original duration of one year or more. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $ 73.9 million of remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months. Revenue from the remaining performance obligations we expect to recognize over a range of two to five years.

 10. INCOME TAXES
 The components of income before income taxes are (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 United States
 $
 19,088
 $
 21,149
 $
 13,220

 International
 3,770
 3,769
 5,408

 Income before income taxes
 $
 22,858
 $
 24,918
 $
 18,628

 The components of the income tax expense are (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Current:

 Federal
 $
 9,149
 $
 9,894
 $

 State
 1,995
 1,955

 Foreign
 1,277

 Deferred:

 Federal
 ( 11,189)
 ( 12,131)
 ( 2,982)

 Foreign
 ( 434)
 ( 168)
 ( 97)

 Income tax (benefit) expense
 $
 $
 $
 ( 755)

 10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
 Net deferred tax liability consists of (in thousands):

 2024
 2023

 Non-current deferred tax asset
 $
 16,141
 $
 4,884

 Non-current deferred tax liability
 ( 1,308)
 ( 1,812)

 Net deferred tax asset (liability)
 $
 14,833
 $
 3,072

 Depreciation and amortization
 $
 ( 4,735)
 $
 ( 3,362)

 Lease asset
 ( 2,283)
 ( 2,866)

 Lease liability
 3,183
 3,897

 Inventories
 6,614
 6,407

 Compensation costs
 5,552
 5,559

 Deferred Revenue
 7,595
 5,687

 Other accruals
 5,805
 3,324

 Tax credit carryforwards
 3,854
 3,867

 Valuation allowance
 ( 3,317)
 ( 3,254)

 Identifiable intangible assets
 ( 25,533)
 ( 25,276)

 Research and development costs
 18,098
 9,089

 Net deferred tax asset (liability)
 $
 14,833
 $
 3,072

 As of September 30, 2024, we had $ 3.2 million of tax carryforwards (net of reserves) related to state research and development tax credits. We also had $ 0.2 million of State net operating losses, non-U.S. net operating losses of $ 0.2 million, U.S. foreign tax credits of $ 0.1 million and foreign tax credits of $ 0.2 million. The majority of our state research and development tax credits have a 15-year carryforward period. The majority of our non-U.S. net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards have an unlimited carryforward period. Our non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards will expire in 2034. Our valuation allowance for certain U.S. and foreign attributes was $ 3.3 million at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. The deferred tax assets realized could vary if there are differences in the timing or amount of future reversals of existing deferred tax liabilities or changes in the amounts of future taxable income. If future taxable income projections are not realized, an additional valuation allowance may be required. This would be reflected as income tax expense at the time that any such change in future taxable income is determined.

 10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
 The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax amount to our income tax benefit is (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Statutory income tax amount
 $
 4,800
 $
 5,233
 $
 3,912

 Increase (decrease) resulting from:

 State taxes, net of federal benefits

 Transaction costs
 —
 —

 Employee stock purchase plan

 Foreign operations
 1,751
 1,552

 Non-deductible executive compensation

 Utilization of research and development tax credits
 ( 5,224)
 ( 4,678)
 ( 2,780)

 ASU 2016-09 excess stock compensation
 ( 47)
 ( 1,678)
 ( 2,967)

 Contingent consideration
 —
 —
 ( 1,239)

 Changes from provision to return
 ( 791)

 Adjustment of tax contingency reserves

 U.S. deduction for foreign export sales
 ( 1,827)
 ( 1,419)
 ( 584)

 Other, net

 Income tax (benefit) expense
 $
 $
 $
 ( 755)

 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of fiscal year
 $
 3,162
 $
 3,316
 $
 2,908

 Increases related to:

 Prior year income tax positions
 —

 Current year income tax positions

 Decreases related to:

 Prior year income tax positions
 —
 ( 159)
 ( 21)

 Expiration of statute of limitations
 ( 399)
 ( 953)
 ( 95)

 Unrecognized tax benefits at end of fiscal year
 $
 3,602
 $
 3,162
 $
 3,316

 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits ("UTB") at September 30, 2024 that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate was $ 3.4 million. We expect that it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of UTB will decrease by approximately $ 0.4 million over the next 12 months due to the expiration of various statutes of limitations. Of the $ 3.6 million of UTB, $ 2.7 million is included in non-current income taxes payable and $ 0.9 million is included with non-current deferred tax assets on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2024.
 We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, there were insignificant amounts of interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. We accrued $ 0.1 million in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. These accrued interest and penalties are included in our non-current income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheets.

 10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
 We operate in multiple tax jurisdictions both in the U.S. and outside of the U.S. and face audits from various tax authorities regarding transfer pricing, tax credits, and other matters. Accordingly we must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions. This determination requires us to make several estimates and assumptions. Tax audits associated with the allocation of this income, and other complex issues, may require an extended period of time to resolve and may result in adjustments to our income tax balances in those years that are material to our consolidated balance sheets and results of operations.
 We file a U.S. federal income tax return and income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before fiscal year 2020.
 At September 30, 2024, the majority of undistributed foreign earnings were taxed under the one time transition tax and the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, the previously un-taxed accumulated undistributed foreign earnings from prior fiscal years are still permanently reinvested and, as such, we have not accrued additional U.S. tax. It is our position that the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are to be reinvested indefinitely to fund current operations and provide for future international expansion opportunities and only repatriate earnings to the extent that U.S. taxes have already been recorded. As of September 30, 2024, we are permanently reinvested with respect to previously non-taxed accumulated earnings in all jurisdictions.
 Undistributed foreign earnings remain indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. If we change our assertion from indefinitely reinvesting undistributed foreign earnings, we would have to accrue applicable taxes. The amount of any taxes and the application of any tax credits would be determined based on the income tax laws at the time of such repatriation. Under current tax law, we estimate the unrecognized tax liability to be immaterial.

 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 Stock-based awards granted in 2024 were granted under the Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "2021 Plan"). Shares subject to awards under the 2021 Plan or any prior plans that are forfeited, canceled, returned to us for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without payment also will be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. The authority to grant options under the 2021 Plan and set other terms and conditions rests with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
 The 2021 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 3,500,000 common shares in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based full value awards or other stock-based awards. Eligible participants include our employees, our affiliates, non-employee directors of our Company and any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provides services to us or our affiliates. Options that have been granted under the 2021 Plan typically vest over a four -year period and will expire if unexercised after seven years from the date of grant. Restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") that have been granted to directors typically vest in one year. RSUs that have been granted to executives and employees typically vest in January over a four -year period. Performance stock unit awards ("PSUs") that have been granted to an executive will vest based on achievement of a cumulative adjusted earnings per share metric measured over a three -year period. Share-based compensation expenses recorded for this performance award is reevaluated at each reporting period based on the probability of achievement of the goal. The Amended Plan is scheduled to expire on January 28, 2032. Options under the Amended Plan can be granted as either incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. The exercise price of options and the grant date price of RSUs and PSUs is determined by our Compensation Committee but will not be less than the fair market value of our common stock based on the closing price as of the date of grant. Upon exercise of options or settlement of vested RSUs or PSUs, we issue new shares of stock. As of September 30, 2024, there were approximately 1,953,397 shares available for future grants under the Amended Plan.
 Stock-based awards granted in 2022 were granted under the 2021 Plan before amendments were made to increase the number of authorized shares. There were no other material changes to the plan made in the amendments.
 Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $ 3.0 million, $ 3.9 million and $ 9.5 million for the year ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our stock option plans allow the net exercise of options. Shares with a value of $ 0.7 million, $ 0.2 million and $ 4.3 million were forfeited to satisfy tax withholding for the year ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
 Our equity plans and corresponding forms of award agreements generally have provisions allowing employees to elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations through the delivery of shares, having us retain a portion of shares issuable under the award or paying cash to us for the withholding. During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 our employees forfeited 114,889, 106,012 and 102,392 shares, respectively in order to satisfy $ 2.9 million, $ 4.1 million and $ 2.4 million, respectively, of withholding tax obligations related to stock-based compensation, pursuant to terms of awards under our board and shareholder-approved compensation plans.
 We sponsor an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019 (the "Purchase Plan"), covering all domestic employees with at least 90 days of continuous service and who are customarily employed at least 20 hours per week. The Purchase Plan allows eligible participants the right to purchase common stock on a quarterly basis at the lower of 85 % of the market price at the beginning or end of each three-month offering period. The most recent amendments to the Purchase Plan, ratified by our stockholders on January 29, 2020, increased the total number of shares to 3,425,000 that may be purchased under the plan. Employee contributions to the Purchase Plan were $ 2.2 million, $ 2.3 million and $ 1.5 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Pursuant to the Purchase Plan, 101,730, 82,621, and 80,225 shares of common stock were issued to employees during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Shares are issued under the Purchase Plan from treasury stock. As of September 30, 2024, 368,497 shares of common stock were available for future issuances under the Purchase Plan.
 Stock-based compensation expense is included in the consolidated results of operations as (in thousands):

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Cost of sales
 $
 $
 $

 Sales and marketing
 4,617
 4,107
 2,503

 Research and development
 1,931
 1,777
 1,236

 General and administrative
 5,913
 6,774
 4,373

 Stock-based compensation before income taxes
 8,578

 Income tax benefit
 ( 2,783)
 ( 2,840)
 ( 1,819)

 Stock-based compensation after income taxes
 $
 10,376
 $
 10,446
 $
 6,759

 Stock Options
 Below is a summary of our stock options as of September 30, 2024 and changes during the twelve months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

 Options Outstanding
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years)
 Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)

 Balance on September 30, 2023
 1,553
 $ 18.52

 Granted
 24.60

 Exercised
 ( 199)
 28.04

 Forfeited / Canceled
 ( 59)
 25.13

 Balance on September 30, 2024
 1,382
 $ 19.01
 3.07
 $
 12,414

 Exercisable on September 30, 2024
 1,101
 $ 17.60
 2.65
 $
 11,321

 (1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $ 27.53 as of September 30, 2024, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date.
 The intrinsic value of an option is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds its exercise price. The total intrinsic value of all options exercised during each of the twelve months ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $ 5.6 million, $ 5.2 million and $ 20.3 million, respectively.

 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
 The table below shows the weighted average fair value, which was determined based upon the fair value of each option on the grant date utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related assumptions:

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Weighted average per option grant date fair value
 $
 12.45
 $
 19.87
 $
 10.37

 Assumptions used for option grants:

 Risk free interest rate
 3.78 % - 4.68 %

 3.50 % - 4.15 %

 1.25 % - 3.00 %

 Expected term
 6.00 years
 6.00 years
 6.00 years

 Expected volatility
 46 % - 48%

 46 %

 45 % - 46 %

 Weighted average volatility
 46 %
 46 %
 46 %

 Expected dividend yield
 0 %
 0 %
 0 %

 The fair value of each option award granted during the periods presented was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the above table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination information within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the vesting period and historical information and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate used is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant whose maturity equals the expected term of the option.
 As of September 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements was $ 2.8 million. The related weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.5 years.
 As of September 30, 2024, the weighted average exercise price and remaining life of the stock options were (in thousands, except remaining life and exercise price):

 Options Outstanding
 Options Exercisable

 Range of Exercise Prices
 Options Outstanding
 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years)
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 Number of Shares Vested
 Weighted Average Exercise Price

 $ 10.33 - $ 11.87

 1.25
 $
 11.64
 $
 11.64

 $ 12.48 - $ 16.75

 2.61
 $
 15.41
 $
 15.37

 $ 17.10 - $ 17.53

 2.68
 $
 17.22
 $
 17.22

 $ 17.94 - $ 17.94

 2.16
 $
 17.94
 $
 17.94

 $ 18.20 - $ 21.53

 4.21
 $
 21.00
 $
 21.08

 $ 22.54 - $ 24.59

 4.87
 $
 23.87
 $
 23.47

 $ 25.15 - $ 41.16

 4.65
 $
 35.51
 $
 33.57

 $ 10.33 - $ 41.16

 1,359
 3.08
 $
 19.00
 1,101
 $
 17.60

 The total grant date fair value of shares vested was $ 3.0 million, $ 4.5 million and $ 3.0 million in each of fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
 Non-vested Stock Units
 The following table presents a summary of our non-vested restricted stock units as of September 30, 2024 and changes during the twelve months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

 RSUs
 PSUs

 Number of Awards
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 Number of Awards
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

 Nonvested on September 30, 2023
 $
 30.56
 $
 37.72

 Granted
 $
 25.17
 $
 24.93

 Vested
 ( 287)
 $
 25.23
 ( 30)
 $
 37.11

 Canceled
 ( 86)
 $
 28.81
 ( 26)
 $
 29.61

 Nonvested on September 30, 2024
 $
 30.15
 $
 30.55

 As of September 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units and performance stock units was $ 17.7 million and $ 1.8 million, respectively. The related weighted average period over which these costs are expected to be recognized was approximately 1.9 years and 0.2 years, respectively.

 12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 We currently have a savings and profit sharing plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, whereby eligible employees may contribute up to 25 % of their pre-tax earnings subject to certain limits under law.
 We provide a match of 100 % on the first 3 % of each employee's bi-weekly contribution and a 50 % match on the next 2 % of each employee's bi-weekly contribution. We provided matching contributions of $ 3.7 million for fiscal 2024, $ 3.4 million for fiscal 2023 and $ 3.1 million for fiscal 2022. In addition, we may make contributions to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

 13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 Leases
 We lease certain of our buildings and equipment under noncancelable lease agreements. Please refer to Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
 Litigation
 In October, 2024 we settled the lawsuit brought on October 23, 2020 by Data Logger Solutions, LLC ("Data Loggers") in Delaware Superior Court against us and our subsidiary Digi SmartSense, LLC for a payment of $ 5.7 million and a mutual release of all claims associated with the facts that led to the lawsuit. The suit alleged that Data Loggers has not been paid certain commissions it believed it was owed and would continue to be owed under a Reseller Agreement between Data Loggers and TempAlert. SmartSense is the successor of interest of TempAlert and terminated the Reseller Agreement in 2019. Data Loggers claimed it was entitled to actual, speculative and punitive damages in connection with its allegations. In March 2024, a jury found Digi liable for breach of contract and awarded Data Loggers damages of approximately $ 11.6 million. Delaware law also entitled Data Loggers to seek interest on this award pursuant to a statutory calculation. Each party filed post-trial motions with respect to the jury's verdict and a hearing on those motions was held on June 28, 2024. Our motions sought to have the case retried or to remit the award of damages. The plaintiffs sought to expand the award of damages for attorney's fees and interest. The Court granted our motion, remitted the damages award to a pre-interest amount of $ 5.0 million, and denied Data Loggers' motion. Court rules permitted Data Loggers to accept the remitted amount or proceed to a new trial on the issue of damages. Following the court's ruling the parties negotiated the final settlement in lieu of further legal proceedings. Pursuant to ASC 450 we previously made an accrual of $ 6.2 million for this matter. We have now reversed part of this accrual in the fourth fiscal quarter to reflect the settlement amount of $ 5.7 million.
 In addition to the matters discussed above, in the normal course of business, we are presently, and expect in the future to be, subject to various claims and litigation with third parties such as non-practicing intellectual property entities as well as customers, vendors and/or employees. There can be no assurance that any claims by third parties, if proven to have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes the certifications attached as Exhibit 31.A and Exhibit 31.B of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). This Item 9A includes information concerning the controls and control evaluations referred to in those certifications.
 Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based on their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d - 15(e) under the Security Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective and provide reasonable assurance on the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of Digi's financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024.
 In making this assessment, management used the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management concluded that Digi's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2024 based on Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
 The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Digi International Inc.
 Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Digi International Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
 We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended September 30, 2024, of the Company and our report dated November 22, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 Minneapolis, Minnesota
 November 22, 2024

 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
 During the year ended September 30, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
 Not applicable.

 PART III.

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the headings "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors", "Corporate Governance", "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" and, if applicable, "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" in our Proxy Statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders we intend to file with the SEC (the "Proxy Statement").
 Information about our Executive Officers
 As of the date of filing this Form 10-K, the following individuals were executive officers of the Registrant:

 Name
 Age
 Position

 Ronald E. Konezny
 President and Chief Executive Officer

 James J. Loch
 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 David H. Sampsell
 Executive Vice President, Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

 Terrence G. Schneider
 Senior Vice President Supply Chain Management

 James E. Freeland
 Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer

 Ronald E. Konezny has served as a member of our Board of Directors and as our President and Chief Executive Officer since 2014. From 2013 to December 2014, he served as Vice President, Global Transportation and Logistics at Trimble Navigation Limited, a global provider of navigation and range-finding equipment and related solutions. From 2011 to 2013, he served as General Manager of Trimble's Global Transportation and Logistics division. From 2007 to 2013, he served as Chief Executive Officer of PeopleNet, Inc., a provider of telematics solutions for the transportation industry, which was acquired by Trimble in 2011. Mr. Konezny founded PeopleNet in 1996 and served in various other roles, including Chief Technology Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, before serving as its Chief Executive Officer.

 James J. Loch has served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2022. He previously served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from May 2019 to January 2022. Prior to joining us, Mr. Loch most recently served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial officer of Nilfisk, Inc., a Denmark-owned company based in Minneapolis that manufactures professional cleaning equipment, from May 2016 to February 2019. From 2015 to 2016, he was an independent consultant focused on projects including due diligence, business planning, back-office reorganization and product research. Previously, he served at Honeywell Building Solutions, a division of Honeywell International, as Chief Financial Officer (Americas) from 2008 to 2012 and then as Vice President — Sales from 2012 to 2015.
 David H. Sampsell has served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since January 2022. He previously served as Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary from 2015 to January 2022. He had previously served as Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since 2011. Prior to joining us, Mr. Sampsell worked as corporate counsel at ADC Telecommunications, Inc., a supplier of network infrastructure products and services, from 1999 until 2011. Prior to joining ADC, Mr. Sampsell was an attorney in private practice with Leonard, Street and Deinard, P.A. from 1996 to 1999 and Moore & Van Allen, PLLC from 1993 to 1996.

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED)
 Terrence G. Schneider has served as Senior Vice President, Supply Chain Management since January 2022. He previously served as Vice President of Supply Chain Management from February 2019 to January 2022. From 2016 to February 2019, he served as Vice President of Product Management. Prior to joining us, Mr. Schneider held several senior-level leadership positions at PeopleNet, Inc. from 2009 to 2011 and the transportation and logistics business unit of Trimble Navigation Limited, PeopleNet's parent company from 2012 to June 2016 where he served as Vice President Supply Chain.
 James E. Freeland has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer since February 2024. Prior to joining us he held various roles driving innovative new solutions with global impact at Medtronic, the world's leading medical device manufacturer, from 2006 to 2024. Prior to Medtronic, Jim held IT roles in the healthcare sector with United Health Group from 2005 to 2006 and in the hospitality and travel business with Carlson Companies from 2000 to 2005.
 Code of Ethics/Code of Conduct
 We maintain a "Financial Code of Ethics" that applies to our senior financial management, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, controller and other persons performing similar functions. A copy of this financial code of ethics is available on our website (www.digi.com) under the "Company - Investor Relations - Corporate Governance" caption and is also available in print to any stockholder who requests in writing from our Corporate Secretary. We intend to satisfy our disclosure obligations regarding any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of this financial code of ethics by posting such information on the same website. We also maintain a "Global Code of Ethics and Business Conduct" that applies to all directors, officers and employees, a copy of which is available through our website (www.digi.com) under the "Company - Investor Relations - Corporate Governance" caption. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report.
 Insider Trading Policy
 We have adopted an Insider Training Policy governing the purchase, sale and /or other dispositions of our securities by directors, officers and employees. Our Insider Training Policy is filed as Exhibit 19.

 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the heading "Compensation of Directors," "Executive Compensation," and the information regarding compensation committee interlocks and insider participation under the heading "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in our Proxy Statement. Our policies and practices for granting equity Awards is included under the heading "Equity Incentive Compensation" in our Proxy Statement.

 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the headings "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in our Proxy Statement.

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 Incorporated into this item by reference is the information regarding director independence under the heading "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" and the information regarding related person transactions under the heading "Related Person Transaction Approval Policy" on our Proxy Statement.

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 Incorporated into this item by reference is the information under "Audit and Non-Audit Fees" in our Proxy Statement.

 PART IV.

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 (a) Consolidated Financial Statement and Schedules of Digi (filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)

 1.
 Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022

 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and 2023

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022

 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 2.
 Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 3.
 Report of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm

 (b) Exhibits

 Unless otherwise indicated, all documents incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference to a document filed with the SEC are located under SEC file number 1-34033.

 Exhibit Number
 Description
 Method of Filing

 (a)
 Purchase Agreement dated as of November 1, 2021 by and among Keith Charette, Steven Glaser, The Keith R. Charette DE Incomplete – Gift Non-Grantor Trust, Ventus Networks, LLC, Ventus Holdings, LLC, Ventus IP Holdings, LLC, Ventus Wireless Services, Inc., Ventus Wireless CA, Inc., VClipz, Inc., and Digi International Inc. * (1)

 (a)
 Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (2)

 (b)
 Amended and Restated By-Laws (3)

 Description of Securities

 (a)
 Digi International Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019 ** (4)

 (b)
 Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan ** (5)

 (b)(i)
 Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (6)

 (b)(ii)
 Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (7)

 (b)(iii)
 Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (8)

 (c)
 Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan ** (9)

 (c)(i)
 Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (10)

 (c)(ii)
 Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (11)

 (c)(iii)
 Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (12)

 (c)(iv)
 Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (13)

 (d)
 Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan ** (14)

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (CONTINUED)

 Exhibit Number
 Description
 Method of Filing

 (d)(i)
 Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (15)

 (d)(ii)
 Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (16)

 (d)(iii)
 Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (17)

 (d)(iv)
 Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (18)

 (e)
 Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan ** (19)

 (e)(i)
 Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (20)

 (e)(ii)
 Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (21)

 (e)(iii)
 Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (22)

 (e)(iv)
 Form of (Executive) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (23)

 (e)(v)
 Form of (Employee) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (24)

 (f)
 Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan **(25)

 (f)(i)
 Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (26)

 (f)(ii)
 Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (27)

 (f)(iii)
 Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (28)

 (f)(iv)
 Form of (Executive) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (29)

 (f)(v)
 Form of (Employee) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (30)

 (f)(vi)
 Form of (Executive) Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (31)

 (f)(vii)
 Form of (Executive) Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan) ** (32)

 (g)
 Form of indemnification agreement with directors and officers of the Company ** (33)

 (h)
 Employment Agreement between the Company and Ronald E. Konezny dated November 26, 2014 ** (34)

 (i)
 Offer letter with David H. Sampsell dated as of April 8, 2011 ** (35)

 (j)
 Employment Agreement with Kevin C. Riley dated January 23, 2013 ** (36)

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (CONTINUED)

 Exhibit Number
 Description
 Method of Filing

 (k)
 Offer letter with James J. Loch dated May 1, 2019 ** (37)

 (l)
 Offer letter with Jim Freeland dated January 29, 2024

 (m)
 Credit Agreement dated December 7, 2023, by and among Digi International Inc. as the borrower, BMO Bank, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc. and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and other lenders from time-to-time party thereto (38)

 (n)
 Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (39)

 Insider Trading Policy

 Subsidiaries of the Company

 (a)
 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP

 (b)
 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP

 Powers of Attorney

 (a)
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

 (b)
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

 Section 1350 Certification

 Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

 The following financial statements from the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Security and Exchange Commission, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 ___________________________
 * Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
 ** Management compensatory contract or arrangement required to be included as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 *** Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

 (1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed November 1, 2021.
 (2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Form 10 K for the year ended September 30, 1993 (File no. 0 17972).
 (3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed April 30, 2020.
 (4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.a to Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (5) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 16, 2016.
 (6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
 (7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
 (8) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
 (9) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 8, 2017.

 (10) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
 (11) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
 (12) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
 (13) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
 (14) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 14, 2018.
 (15) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 (16) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 (17) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 (18) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 (19) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (20) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (21) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (22) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (23) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (24) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(v) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
 (25) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed February 4, 2021.
 (26) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (27) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (28) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (29) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (30) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (31) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
 (32) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.
 (34) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to Form 10 Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
 (35) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed December 5, 2014.
 (36) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(m) to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2013.
 (37) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed May 10, 2019.
 (38) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 7, 2023.
 (39) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(a) to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 9, 2023.

 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
 None.

 SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on November 22, 2024.

 By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny
 Ronald E. Konezny
 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 22, 2024.

 By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny
 Ronald E. Konezny
 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
 (Principal Executive Officer)

 By: /s/ James J. Loch
 James J. Loch
 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 By:*
 Satbir Khanuja

 By:*
 Christopher D. Heim

 By:*
 Hatem H. Naguib

 By:*
 Sally J. Smith

 By:*
 Spiro C. Lazarakis

 * Ronald E. Konezny, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign this document on behalf of each of the above named directors of the Registrant pursuant to Powers of Attorney duly executed by such persons.

 By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny
 Ronald E. Konezny
 Attorney-in-fact

 SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
 (in thousands)

 Additions

 Description
 Balance at beginning of period
 Charged to costs and expenses
 Charged to Other Accounts
 Deductions
 Balance at end of period

 Valuation allowance - deferred tax assets

 $
 3,254
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 3,317

 $
 2,976
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 3,254

 September 30, 2022
 $
 2,186
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 2,976

 Reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments

 $
 1,311
 $
 21,030
 $
 —
 $
 19,220
 $
 3,121

 $
 1,131
 $
 20,205
 $
 —
 $
 20,025
 $
 1,311

 September 30, 2022
 $
 $
 17,087
 $
 —
 $
 16,886
 $
 1,131