text: We understand the importance of preventing, identifying, assessing and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats. Cybersecurity processes to identify, assess and manage risks from cybersecurity threats have been incorporated as a part of our overall risk assessment process and are designed to help protect our information assets and operations from internal and external cyber threats and protect employee and patient information from unauthorized access or attack, as well as secure our network and systems. We have implemented into our operations these cybersecurity processes, technologies and controls to identify, assess and manage material risks. Specifically, we engage a third-party cybersecurity firm to assist with network and endpoint monitoring, cloud system monitoring and assessment of our incident response procedures. Further, we employ periodic internal and external penetration testing by an independent cybersecurity firm to inform our risk identification and assessment of critical, high, medium and minor material cybersecurity threats.

companyName: Dyne Therapeutics, Inc.

ticker: DYN


text: To manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats and to protect against, detect, and prepare to respond to cybersecurity incidents, we undertake the below listed activities: • Monitor evolving cybersecurity standards and emerging data protection laws and implement changes to our processes to comply; • Conduct annual policy re-certifications for all employees regarding data protection, data breach reporting requirements and data classification; • Employ multifactor authentication on internal and external systems; • Conduct regular phishing email simulations for all employees; and • Carry cybersecurity risk insurance that provides protection against the potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident.

secItem: Item 1C


text: Our incident response plan coordinates the activities that we and our third-party cybersecurity providers take to prepare to respond and recover from cybersecurity incidents, which include processes to triage, assess severity, investigate, escalate, contain, and remediate an incident, as well as to comply with potentially applicable legal obligations and mitigate brand and reputational damage.


text: As part of the above processes, we engage with subject matter expert consultants to review our cybersecurity program to help identify areas for continued focus, improvement, and compliance.


text: Our processes also include assessing cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of third-party services providers in normal course of business use, including those in our supply chain or who have access to patient and employee data or our systems. Third-party risks are included within our risk management process discussed above. In addition, we assess cybersecurity considerations in the selection and oversight of our third-party services providers, including due diligence on the third parties that have access to our systems and facilities that house systems and data.


text: Based on an assessment using the previously described risk management processes, we do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, cybersecurity threats may affect our business. See "Our internal information technology systems, or those of our vendors, collaborators or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, loss or leakage of data and other disruptions or compromise, which could result in a material disruption of our product development programs, compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information, trigger contractual and legal obligations, potentially exposing us to liability, reputational harm or otherwise adversely affecting our business and financial results." in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

stage1Category: Strategy Integration

stage1Method: unanimous


text: The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of our cybersecurity risk assessment, risk management, incident response procedures and cybersecurity risks and provides updates to the Board of Directors regarding such oversight. Periodically during each year, the Audit Committee receives an overview from our Vice President, Head of Technology of our cybersecurity threat risk management and strategy processes, including potential impact on us, the efforts of management to manage the risks that are identified and our incident response preparations. Members of the Board of Directors regularly engage in discussions with management on cybersecurity-related news events and discuss any updates to our cybersecurity risk assessment, risk management and strategy programs.


text: Our cybersecurity risk assessment, management and strategy processes are led by our Vice President, Head of Technology. Our Vice President, Head of Technology has over 20 years of experience in various roles involving managing information security, managing privacy and data protection, developing cybersecurity strategy, and implementing cybersecurity programs. The Vice President, Head of Technology, a Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) with up-to-date credentials, is informed about and monitors the prevention, mitigation, detection and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through management of the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including our incident response plan.


text: In an effort to deter and detect cyber threats, we periodically provide all employees with data protection and cybersecurity awareness training, which covers a range of timely and relevant topics. Past topics have included social engineering, phishing, password protection, confidential data protection, and asset use. The training functions to educate employees on the importance of reporting all security and privacy incidents immediately. We send out bi-weekly simulated phishing tests to all employees for ongoing awareness to relevant phishing campaigns. We also use technology-based tools to mitigate cybersecurity risks and to bolster its employee-based cybersecurity programs.

stage1Category: Risk Management Process

stage1Method: majority


text: Risk Management and Strategy We have implemented and maintain various information security processes designed to identify, assess and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical computer networks, third party hosted services, communications systems, hardware and software, and our critical data, including intellectual property, confidential information that is proprietary, strategic or competitive in nature, and personal and financial data regarding our crew members and farmers, which we collectively refer to as "Information Systems and Data."

companyName: Vital Farms, Inc.

ticker: VITL


text: Our Information Technology department, under the leadership of our Vice President of Information Technology, or VP of IT, and with cross-functional internal and third-party support, helps identify, assess and manage our cybersecurity threats and risks. The Information Technology department identifies and assesses risks from cybersecurity threats by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment and our and our industry's risk profile using various methods, including, for example, regular threat assessments (including through interaction with law enforcement when necessary), internal and external audits, threat environment scans and third-party threat assessments, vulnerability assessments, external intelligence feeds and third-party-conducted tabletop training exercises.


text: Depending on the environment and system, we implement and maintain various technical, physical and organizational measures, processes, standards and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats to our Information Systems and Data, including, for example, a written incident response plan and incident response policy, business continuity plans, data encryption for certain data, implementation of certain security standards, network security and access controls, data segregation, asset tracking/disposal systems, penetration testing and required crew member training programs.


text: Our assessment and management of material risks from cybersecurity threats are integrated into our overall risk management processes. For example, our Information Technology department and third-party providers work with our senior leadership team to prioritize our risk management processes and mitigate cybersecurity threats that are more likely to lead to a material impact to our business. Our senior leadership team evaluates material risks from cybersecurity threats against our overall business objectives and reports to the audit committee of our Board of Directors, or Audit Committee, which evaluates our overall enterprise risk.


text: We use third-party service providers to assist us from time to time to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats, including professional services firms, threat intelligence service providers, penetration testing providers, cybersecurity consultants, forensic investigators, training platforms and managed cybersecurity service providers.


text: We use third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions throughout our business, such as application providers, hosting services, supply chain resources (including warehousing and cold storage) and contract manufacturing organizations. We have a vendor management program to manage cybersecurity risks associated with our use of certain of these providers. The program includes, for example, internal reviews of vendor security programs and assessments, security assessment calls with vendor personnel and imposition of information security obligations in our vendor contracts. Depending on the nature of the services provided, the sensitivity of the Information Systems and Data at issue and the identity of the provider, our vendor management process may involve different levels of assessment designed to help identify cybersecurity risks associated with a provider and impose contractual obligations related to cybersecurity on the provider.

stage1Category: Third-Party Risk


text: For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect our company and how they may do so, see our risk factors listed in Part 1, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled "Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Intellectual Property."

stage1Category: None/Other


text: Our Board of Directors addresses our cybersecurity risk management as part of its general oversight function. The Audit Committee is responsible under its committee charter for overseeing our company's cybersecurity risk management processes, including oversight and mitigation of risks from cybersecurity threats.

stage1Category: Board Governance


text: Our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes are implemented and maintained by certain members of our management, including our VP of IT, with the oversight of our Chief Financial Officer. Our VP of IT is responsible for hiring appropriate personnel, helping to integrate cybersecurity risk considerations into our overall risk management strategy and communicating key priorities to relevant personnel. Our VP of IT, in consultation with our Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for approving budgets, helping prepare for cybersecurity incidents, approving cybersecurity processes and reviewing security assessments and other security-related reports. Our VP of IT has over 25 years of relevant experience, including leadership roles in the information technology departments of public and private companies. Prior to joining Vital Farms, he served as VP of IT for another public company in the consumer packaged goods industry.

stage1Category: Management Role


text: Our cybersecurity incident response plan is designed to escalate certain cybersecurity incidents to members of management depending on the circumstances, including our internal disclosure committee and our senior leadership team. Senior leadership team members work with our company's incident response team to help Vital Farms mitigate and remediate cybersecurity incidents of which they are notified. In addition, our company's incident response plan provides for reporting of certain cybersecurity incidents to the Audit Committee.


text: The Audit Committee receives regular reports from our Chief Financial Officer and the VP of IT concerning significant cybersecurity threats and risk and the processes our company has implemented to address them. The Audit Committee's training includes participation in tabletop training exercises designed to test and evaluate our company's response to a cybersecurity incident. The Audit Committee also has access to various reports, summaries or presentations related to cybersecurity threats, risk and mitigation.


text: Risk Management and Strategy In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, use, store, and transmit digitally large amounts of confidential, sensitive, proprietary, and personal information. The secure maintenance of this information and our information technology systems is important to our operations and business strategy. To this end, we have implemented processes designed to assess, identify, and manage risks from potential unauthorized occurrences on or through our information technology systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of these systems and the data residing therein. These processes are managed and monitored by a dedicated information technology team, which is led by our Chief Financial Officer and include mechanisms, controls, technologies, systems, and other processes designed to prevent or mitigate data loss, theft, misuse, or other security incidents or vulnerabilities affecting the data and maintain a stable information technology environment. For example, we conduct vulnerability testing, data recovery testing, security audits, and ongoing risk assessments, including due diligence on and audits of our key technology vendors, and other contractors and suppliers. We also conduct periodic employee training on cyber and information security, among other topics. In addition, we consult with outside advisors and experts, when appropriate to assist with assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity risks, including to anticipate future threats and trends, and their impact on the Company's risk environment.

companyName: HERON THERAPEUTICS, INC. /DE/

ticker: HRTX


text: In the last fiscal year, we have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected us. However, we face certain ongoing cybersecurity threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us. Additional information on cybersecurity risks we face is discussed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors."


text: Our Chief Financial Officer, who reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer and has over 15 years of experience managing information technology and cybersecurity matters, is responsible for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks. We consider cybersecurity, along with other significant risks that we face, within our overall enterprise risk management framework.


text: The Board, as a whole and at the committee level, has oversight for the most significant risks facing us and for our processes to identify, prioritize, assess, manage, and mitigate those risks. The Audit Committee, which is comprised solely of independent directors, has been designated by the Board to oversee cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee receives regular updates on cybersecurity and information technology matters and related risk exposures from our Chief Financial Officer. The Board also receives updates from management and the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risks on at least an annual basis.


text: Risk Assessment, Identification and Management Processes We have implemented a cybersecurity risk management strategy to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. This strategy is designed to protect our systems, data and operations from potential cyber threats and to ensure the continuity of our business operations.

companyName: Frontdoor, Inc.

ticker: FTDR


text: We conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential cybersecurity threats. These assessments involve evaluating our systems, networks and data for vulnerabilities that could be exploited by cyber threats through, among other things, vulnerability scanning and penetration testing. Once risks are identified, we implement measures to manage and mitigate these risks. This includes updating and patching our systems, implementing security controls and monitoring our networks for suspicious activity. We have a process in place to respond to any identified threats, which includes containment, eradication and recovery measures. We also monitor and update our cybersecurity risk management strategy to respond to the evolving cyber threat landscape. This includes staying abreast of the latest cybersecurity threats and trends and updating our systems and processes accordingly.


text: Integration with Overall Risk Management. Our cybersecurity processes are integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program and business continuity processes. In this regard, we address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach across our technology, legal, compliance, finance and other teams aimed at preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store by identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur. This integration helps ensure that the breadth of potential impacts from cybersecurity risks are considered and that our approach to managing these risks is consistent and coordinated across teams within our business. Through our enterprise risk management program, our cybersecurity risk is regularly evaluated, and we regularly report this assessment of our cybersecurity risk to management and to the audit committee of our board of directors. We also periodically review our cybersecurity risk with our entire board of directors.


text: Engaging Third Parties in Risk Management. We use a combination of internal resources and external assessors, consultants and auditors to conduct our cybersecurity risk assessments and identification. We periodically examine our cybersecurity program with these third parties, evaluating its effectiveness in part by considering industry standards and established frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, as guidelines, along with compliance with our internal cybersecurity controls. We also work with third parties to assess our incident response preparedness and to manage and track our risks.


text: Overseeing Risks Associated with Third-Party Service Providers. We have established a third-party risk management program to evaluate new and existing third-party service providers for their security controls and processes; identify cyber risks associated to the third-party service providers requiring remediation tracking; and continuously monitor the cyber risk posture of third-party service providers. Where appropriate, our contracts with third-party service providers require agreement and adherence to security and privacy requirements, including: the proper access, use, retention and deletion of data; security awareness training; security incident response and breach notification; our rights to security assessment, testing and audits; compliance with laws and industry standards; and system and services requirements. For example, we require our business process outsourcers, which are providers that support certain customer services operations and other services, to complete security awareness training and payment card industry data security standards training.


text: Risks from Cybersecurity Threats As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition; however, see Item IA. Risk Factors in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of effects that a cybersecurity threat or incident could have on our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. We also maintain an incident response plan to respond to any cybersecurity incident. This plan outlines the steps we will take to respond to an incident, including identifying and containing the incident, eradicating the threat, recovering our systems and communicating with relevant stakeholders.


text: Board of Directors Oversight of Cybersecurity Risk Our board of directors is responsible for oversight of our enterprise risk management program, which incorporates cybersecurity risk. The audit committee undertakes primary responsibility for assisting the board of directors in overseeing cybersecurity risk, including policies and procedures for assessing, managing and responding to cybersecurity risk. The audit committee meets with appropriate members of our management team at least quarterly—and third-party assessors, consultants and auditors as needed—to review and discuss cybersecurity risk.


text: The full board of directors receives quarterly updates from the audit committee on its oversight of cybersecurity risk and engages in further review for the full board of directors from time to time as appropriate.


text: Management's Role in Assessing and Managing Material Risks Our technology team, and particularly our information security team, is actively involved in the development and implementation of policies and tools to assess risk and identify emergent risks, with cross-functional support from enterprise risk management, legal, compliance and finance, among other teams. We have established governance structures to increase the maturity of our cybersecurity program with a governance, risk and compliance approach. This includes the identification of internal weaknesses and the mitigation of information technology risks through training programs or new policies and internal controls.


text: Management is also responsible for the testing of the overall security posture and the documentation of risk management and security for regulatory examinations and for regular review of security and privacy requirements. In addition to our internal cybersecurity team, our company has retained a third-party security firm to aid in the identification, containment, eradication and recovery of systems, data or both in the event of a material security incident.


text: Risk Management Personnel. Among management, our Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), together with our Chief Operating Officer ("COO"), is responsible for leading efforts to assess and manage cybersecurity risks. Our CISO has over 20 years of experience assessing and managing cybersecurity risk, including leading information security teams at complex web-based businesses, and has a Master's degree in Computer Information Systems and multiple professional and cybersecurity certifications, including CISM, CDPSE, CIPM, CIPT, and PMP. Our COO oversees, among other things, our company's technology strategy and architecture and the integration and delivery of technology into our operations and service offerings. Our COO has over 10 years of experience supervising teams in implementations of key internal- and external-facing technology systems. Prior to joining the Company, our COO worked at a multinational public technology company and led teams in solving operations problems with technology. Our COO has a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering, a Master's degree in Business Administration and a Juris Doctorate.


text: Monitoring Cybersecurity Incidents. On a daily basis, our information security team monitors, identifies and classifies potential cybersecurity events and is responsible for notifying the COO and CISO of such events as appropriate based on risk to our organization. Our COO and CISO are responsible for notifying executive leadership, other functional teams and our audit committee, as appropriate.


text: Reporting to the Board of Directors. Our COO and CISO report to the audit committee at least quarterly about the detection, prevention, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity events, including information about the latest cybersecurity threats, the status of our prevention and detection measures and the effectiveness of our mitigation and remediation efforts, as well as any other cybersecurity risk management activities and the progress of related projects. These briefings include updates on the formalized incident response plan, communications and escalation procedures. Management will apprise the board of directors of cybersecurity incidents deemed to have a moderate or higher business impact, even if immaterial to us.


text: We have certain processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks, which are built into our overall information technology function and are designed to help protect employee and third party, including patient, information from unauthorized access or attack, as well as secure our networks and systems. Such processes include physical, procedural and technical safeguards and routine review of our policies and procedures to identify risks and enhance our practices. We have developed an incident response policy which is designed to help coordinate our response to, and recovery from, cybersecurity incidents, and includes processes to triage, assess the severity of, escalate, contain, investigate, and remediate incidents, as well as to comply with applicable legal obligations. Internally and through a third-party service provider, we regularly conduct tests on our systems and incident simulations to help discover potential vulnerabilities, which enable improved decision-making and prioritization and promote monitoring and reporting across compliance functions. As part of our overall risk mitigation strategy, we also maintain cyber insurance coverage; however, such insurance coverage may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyber-attacks and other related breaches.

companyName: Verve Therapeutics, Inc.


text: We engage certain external parties, including consultants, independent privacy assessors, computer security firms and risk management experts, to assess and enhance our cybersecurity oversight. Our third-party security firms periodically assess our cybersecurity process against the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework. We consider the internal risk oversight programs of third-party service providers before engaging them in order to help protect us from any related vulnerabilities. We also regularly consult with industry groups on emerging industry trends.


text: We do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect the company or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.


text: The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors provides direct oversight over cybersecurity risk and provides updates to the Board of Directors regarding such oversight. The Audit Committee receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified between such updates regarding significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents.


text: We have not engaged third-party service providers to conduct evaluations of our security controls, independent audits or consulting on best practices to address new challenges.

companyName: APPlife Digital Solutions Inc

ticker: ALDS


text: Our Information Technology department is led by the Head of Information Technology, who oversees a team that includes the Director of Infrastructure and Security. This team is responsible for developing and executing our cybersecurity strategy, policies, standards, and processes. They collaborate closely with cross-functional departments to assess, mitigate, and manage cybersecurity risks, enhancing the security of our systems and the preparedness of our employees. The Head of Information Technology holds a Master of Science in Information Technology and has 20 years of experience in the biotechnology sector. The Director of Infrastructure and Security is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and brings extensive expertise in securing enterprise infrastructure.


text: We annually provide all employees, including part-time and temporary employees, with a data protection, cybersecurity and incident response and prevention training and compliance program, which covers timely and relevant topics, including social engineering, phishing, password protection, confidential data protection, asset use and mobile security, and educates employees on the importance of reporting all incidents immediately. We also use technology-based tools that are designed to mitigate cybersecurity risks and to bolster our employee-based cybersecurity programs.


text: Risk Management and Strategy In an effort to reduce the likelihood and severity of cyber intrusions, the Companies have a comprehensive cybersecurity program designed to protect and preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data and systems. Consideration of cybersecurity risks is a key component of the Companies' overall risk management and integrated into processes such as evaluation of potential new vendors or suppliers. The Companies are subject to mandatory cybersecurity regulatory requirements, interface regularly with a wide range of external organizations and participate in classified briefings to maintain an awareness of current cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.

companyName: VIRGINIA ELECTRIC & POWER CO


text: The Companies' corporate intelligence and security program includes both cybersecurity and threat intelligence components as part of its evaluation and mitigation of risks. The evaluation of risks includes consideration of cybersecurity and privacy risk, including potential impact on the Companies' employees, customers, supply chain and other stakeholders, intelligence briefings on notable cyber events impacting the industry and evaluation of insider threats. The Companies utilize a robust set of internal and third-party assessment tools to test its cyber risk management policies, practices and procedures as well as challenge assumptions upon which its defenses are built. These assessments provide opportunities for self-critical analysis and constructive feedback needed to build cyber resilience. Trainings are routinely provided to employees to help identify, avoid and mitigate cybersecurity threats and to ensure an understanding of the Companies' cyber risk management policies. In addition, risk assessments are conducted as a component of the evaluation of vendors and suppliers.


text: The Companies' current security posture and regulatory compliance efforts are intended to address the evolving and changing cyber threats. During the past three years, the Companies have not experienced any cybersecurity incidents resulting in a material impact to their business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. The Companies have identified the risk that a hostile cyber intrusion could severely impair the Companies' operations, lead to disclosure of confidential information, damage the Companies' reputation or otherwise have an adverse effect on the Companies' business as disclosed under the Operational Risks header within Item 1A. Risk Factors.


text: Dominion Energy's Board of Directors, including its operations committee (effective in July 2024, previously its finance and risk oversight committee), provides oversight of the Companies' risks from cybersecurity threats. Dominion Energy's Board of Directors as well as its operations committee (effective in July 2024, previously its finance and risk oversight committee) receive presentations and reports throughout the year on cybersecurity and information security risk from management, including Dominion Energy's chief security officer, director of cybersecurity (CISO) and chief information officer. These presentations and reports address a broad range of topics, including the Companies' cyber risk management program, updates on recent cybersecurity threats and incidents across the industry, policies and practices, industry trends, threat environment and vulnerability assessments and specific and ongoing efforts to prevent, detect and respond to internal and external critical threats, including management's hosting in 2024 of its third practical exercise with external federal, state and local incident response partners. In addition, Dominion Energy's Board of Directors receives briefings from time to time from outside experts for an independent view on cybersecurity risks, including assessments by independent consulting firms and legal counsel of the Companies' readiness and resilience.


text: The Companies utilize an organization structure known as a converged security model that brings together cybersecurity, physical security and threat intelligence within one department led by the chief security officer. The chief security officer joined Dominion Energy in this role in 2018 and has an extensive background in security having retired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation after a more than 20-year career focused on criminal, counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence and cyber investigations. The chief security officer belongs to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Domestic Security Alliance Council, the Department of Homeland Security's Classified Intelligence Forum and is a member of the national Government/Business Executive Forum. In addition to serving on multiple university advisory boards, the chief security officer also serves on the Commonwealth of Virginia's Informational Technology Advisory Council.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information and utilize outside contractors to assist us in building and supporting our program.

companyName: CytomX Therapeutics, Inc.

ticker: CTMX


text: The director of cybersecurity (CISO) has over 30 years of experience at Dominion Energy primarily in various roles within the information technology department, including information technology risk management, as well as cybersecurity. The director of cybersecurity (CISO) has been involved in designing and evolving the Companies' cyber risk management policies, practices and procedures. This individual has deep relationships with key external partners and is recognized within the industry and the U.S. as a leading cybersecurity expert.


text: In addition, management of cybersecurity threats is shared with the chief information officer who is responsible for the Companies' technology assets including hardware, software, networks, servers and telecommunications. The chief information officer has over 25 years of experience at Dominion Energy primarily in various roles within the information technology department, including information technology risk management. In addition, the chief information officer previously served on the board of the Virginia Cybersecurity Partnership, a collaboration between private industry and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.


text: The chief security officer and chief information officer are supported by the senior vice president of administrative services as well as the Companies' operations, compliance, legal, audit, corporate risk, supply chain, human resources and accounting departments in executing its cybersecurity program. In addition, the chief security officer and chief information officer provide periodic updates concerning recent developments affecting cybersecurity and privacy risk to the Companies' executive cyber risk council, which includes executive officers responsible for administrative services, corporate affairs, supply chain, corporate secretary and corporate risk along with legal counsel.


text: The Companies maintain a robust, tested and regularly revised Cyber Security Incident Response Plan and a Vendor Compromise Response Plan. These plans detail roles, responsibilities and actions to be taken in response to a detected event whether internal or associated with a third-party service provider. The plans provide clear direction for escalation of information to leadership, including Dominion Energy's Board of Directors as appropriate, and drive collaboration amongst relevant members of management representing cybersecurity, information technology, operations, supply chain, legal and accounting departments. As necessary, the COO, CFO and chief legal officer will advise the CEO on any incidents which could potentially have a material effect on the Companies' business operations, results of operations or financial condition.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy The Company is externally managed by the Advisor and has no employees or internal information systems. Thus, the Company relies on the Advisor, BlackRock, Inc. ("BlackRock") as well as the custodian and other service providers to protect the Company's information from cybersecurity threats. The Company's chief compliance officer (the "CCO") oversees the Company's risk management policies and procedures related to cybersecurity risks, subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors. The CCO and the Advisor also review key Company service providers' compliance and risk management policies and procedures related to cybersecurity matters, evaluate such service providers' use of information systems, which have the potential to subject the Company to information technology vulnerabilities, and receive reports from the Company's service providers regarding any cybersecurity threats and incidents.

companyName: BlackRock TCP Capital Corp.

ticker: TCPC


text: Specifically, the Company relies on the enterprise risk management ("ERM") framework of BlackRock, Inc. ("BlackRock") for the Company's cybersecurity risk management and strategy. The Board of Directors of the Company periodically receives reports from BlackRock and from the Advisor regarding BlackRock's cybersecurity program. Key aspects of the ERM framework are summarized below.


text: BlackRock's Enterprise Risk Management Framework BlackRock recognizes the importance of identifying, assessing, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats. Cybersecurity represents an important component of BlackRock's approach to ERM. BlackRock leverages a multi-lines-of-defense model with cybersecurity operational processes executed by global information security and other teams and dedicated internal audit technology and technology risk management ("TRM") teams that independently review technology risks. BlackRock's cybersecurity program is fully integrated into its ERM framework and is aligned with recognized frameworks, including NIST CSF, FFIEC CAT, FedRAMP, SOC 1/2, ISO 27001/2 and others. BlackRock aims to inform and continuously improve its cybersecurity program through engagement with regulatory, client, insurer, vendor, partner, peer, government and industry organizations and associations, as well as external audit, technology risk, information security and other assessments.


text: BlackRock seeks to address cybersecurity risks through a global, multilayered strategy of control programs that is designed to preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information that BlackRock collects and stores by identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents. As one of the critical elements of BlackRock's overall ERM framework, BlackRock's cybersecurity program is focused on the following key areas: • Governance: As discussed in more detail under the heading "BlackRock's Cybersecurity Governance" below, the oversight by BlackRock's Board of Directors (BlackRock's Board") of cybersecurity risk management is supported by BlackRock's Risk Committee, which regularly interacts with BlackRock's risk management function, BlackRock's Chief Risk Officer ("CRO") and Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), along with other members of management. In addition, technology and cybersecurity risks are formally overseen by a dedicated management risk governance committee, the Technology Risk and Cybersecurity Committee ("TRCC"), which is a sub-committee of the firmwide Enterprise Risk Committee ("ERC"). • Cross-Functional Approach: BlackRock has implemented a global, cross-functional approach to identifying, preventing, and mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents, while also implementing layered preventative, detective, reactive and recovery controls to identify and manage cybersecurity risks. • Safeguards: BlackRock deploys a range of people, process and technical controls that are designed to protect BlackRock's information systems from cybersecurity threats, which may include, among others: physical security controls; perimeter controls, including technical assessments, firewalls, network segregation, intrusion detection and prevention; tabletop exercises, ongoing vulnerability and patch management; vendor due diligence; multi-factor authentication; device encryption; application security, code testing and penetration testing; endpoint security, including anti-malware protection, threat intel and response, managed detection and response, security configuration management, portable storage device lockdown, restricted administrative privileges; employee awareness, training, and phishing testing; data loss prevention program and monitoring; information security incident reporting and monitoring; and layered and comprehensive access controls. • Incident Response and Recovery Planning: BlackRock has established and maintains incident response and recovery plans that address the Company's response to a cybersecurity incident, including processes designed to assess, escalate, contain, investigate and remediate the incident, as well as to comply with applicable legal obligations and mitigate potential reputational damage. Such plans are evaluated on a periodic basis. • Third-Party Risk Management: BlackRock maintains a risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, including vendors, service providers, counterparties and clients, as well as the systems of third parties that could significantly and adversely impact BlackRock's business in the event of a cybersecurity incident affecting those third-party systems. Operational incidents can arise as a result of failures by third parties with which BlackRock does business, such as failures by internet, communication technology and cloud service providers or other vendors to adequately follow processes and procedures, safeguard their systems or prevent system disruptions or cyber-attacks. Third-party risks are included within BlackRock's ERM framework, and risk identification and mitigation are supported by BlackRock's cybersecurity program. BlackRock also performs diligence on certain third parties and monitors cybersecurity threats and risks identified through such diligence.


text: • Education and Awareness: BlackRock's employees and contractors are required to complete an annual information security training to equip them with effective tools to address cybersecurity threats, and to receive communications on BlackRock's evolving information security policies and procedures.


text: We have not identified any cybersecurity incidents or threats that have materially affected us or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition; however, like other companies in our industry, we and our third-party vendors may, from time to time, experience threats and security incidents relating to our and our third-party vendors' information systems and infrastructure. For more information, please see Item 1A - Risk Factors.

companyName: Disc Medicine, Inc.

ticker: IRON


text: BlackRock's global information security team, in collaboration with the technology risk and internal audit teams, engages in the periodic assessment and testing of BlackRock's cyber risks and cybersecurity program. These efforts may include a wide range of activities, including audits, assessments, wargames and "tabletop" exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing and other exercises focused on evaluating the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures and planning. BlackRock also participates in financial services industry and government forums in an effort to improve both internal and sector cybersecurity defense. BlackRock regularly engages third parties and advisors to assess its cybersecurity control environment. The results of certain program and control assessments are reported to the Risk Committee, and BlackRock adjusts its cybersecurity program as appropriate based on the information provided by these assessments.


text: As of December 31, 2024, the Company is not aware of any cybersecurity risks that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.


text: Cybersecurity Governance The Board of Directors of the Company periodically receives reports from BlackRock and from the Advisor regarding BlackRock's cybersecurity program. The CCO delivers quarterly reports to the Board of Directors of the Company. Team members who support the Company's information security program have relevant educational and industry experience.


text: At the BlackRock parent level, BlackRock's Board is actively engaged in the oversight of BlackRock's risk management program. The Risk Committee assists the Board with its oversight of BlackRock's levels of risk, risk assessment, risk management and related policies and processes, including risks arising from cybersecurity threats. The Risk Committee receives regular reports on BlackRock's cybersecurity program, technology resilience risk management and related developments from members of our information security team, including the CISO. The Board and the Risk Committee also receive information regarding cybersecurity incidents that meet certain reporting thresholds. On an annual basis, senior members of BlackRock's technology, risk and information security teams provide a comprehensive overview of BlackRock's cyber risk and related programs to a joint session of the Board's Risk and Audit Committees.


text: Technology and cybersecurity risks at BlackRock are also overseen by the TRCC, a dedicated management risk governance committee and sub-committee of the firmwide ERC. The chair of the TRCC is appointed by the head of Enterprise Risk Management at BlackRock and its members include the CISO as well as a broad range of senior business stakeholders across BlackRock. The TRCC is responsible for oversight of BlackRock's technology and cybersecurity risk management practices and helps ensure that technology and cybersecurity risks remain within firmwide risk tolerances and technology and cybersecurity risk issues are escalated as appropriate to the ERC and other committees. The TRCC also reviews any relevant technology and cybersecurity risk related issues and helps ensure that they are appropriately escalated, reported, and remediated.


text: BlackRock's cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes, which are discussed in greater detail above, are led by BlackRock's CISO. As of December 31, 2024, the CISO had over 30 years of experience in information technology with a 25-year concentration in information security, including previously serving as the CISO at several global financial institutions, and held the Certified Information Systems Security Professional certification. The CISO works closely with the leadership team and other subject matter experts in the global cybersecurity group, who collectively have extensive prior work experience in various roles involving managing information security, developing cybersecurity strategy, implementing effective information and cybersecurity programs and overseeing cybersecurity controls in technology risk and audit functions, as well as having relevant degrees and industry-leading certifications.


text: The CISO and members of the TRCC monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management processes described above, including the operation of BlackRock's incident response plan.


text: Cyber Risk Management and Strategy Disc Medicine, under the oversight of the audit committee of the board of directors, has implemented and maintains processes to review and manage enterprise risks, including annual assessments of cybersecurity risks, across the Company.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program, which is informed by and incorporates elements of recognized industry standards, is designed to identify, assess, and mitigate critical risks from cybersecurity threats. This program includes, but is not limited to, ongoing monitoring for potential critical risks from cybersecurity threats using automated tools. To support our cybersecurity risk management program, we leverage a managed service provider, or MSP, that provides ongoing support for the protection of our information technology infrastructure as well as a virtual Chief Information Security Officer, or vCISO. Our cybersecurity risk management strategy is informed by periodic conversations with, and risk assessments conducted by, our vCISO.


text: We have an employee security awareness training program, offered upon employee onboarding and on an annual basis, that is designed to raise awareness of cybersecurity threats across functions as well as to encourage consideration of cybersecurity risks across our Company. As part of this employee training program, we periodically conduct phishing simulations designed to raise employee awareness of such risks.


text: Governance Related to Cybersecurity Risks Our Head of Information Technology, or IT, under the oversight of our Chief Legal Officer, is responsible for the administration and maintenance of our cybersecurity risk management program, including the day-to-day oversight of the assessment and management of cybersecurity risks. The individual who currently holds the title of Head of IT has more than 20 years of experience in information security and cybersecurity risk management.


text: Our Head of IT directly reports to, and meets periodically with, our Chief Legal Officer to discuss and review our cybersecurity risk management processes, with input from the Company's MSP and vCISO, as appropriate.


text: Our board of directors has delegated oversight of the Company's cybersecurity program to the audit committee of the board of directors. As provided in the audit committee charter, the audit committee is responsible for reviewing and discussing the Company's information security and risk management programs, controls, and procedures, including high-level review of the threat landscape facing the Company and the Company's strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks and potential breaches. Under the audit committee charter, the audit committee is also responsible for reviewing the recovery and communication plans for any unplanned outage, cybersecurity incident, or data breach.


text: Our Head of IT, twice a year, provides reports to the audit committee on the status of our cybersecurity program, including measures implemented to monitor and address risks from cybersecurity threats, as appropriate. He also reports on a quarterly basis to the executive committee on cybersecurity and information technology matters. The chair of the audit committee provides periodic reports on cybersecurity risk management to the full board of directors. Our Chief Legal Officer, on an annual basis, discusses the results of our enterprise risk assessment processes, including risks related to cybersecurity, with the full board of directors.


text: Risk Management and Strategy In an effort to reduce the likelihood and severity of cyber intrusions, Dominion Energy has a comprehensive cybersecurity program covering its operations, including DESC, designed to protect and preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data and systems. Consideration of cybersecurity risks is a key component of Dominion Energy's overall risk management and integrated into processes such as evaluation of potential new vendors or suppliers. Dominion Energy is subject to mandatory cybersecurity regulatory requirements, interface regularly with a wide range of external organizations and participate in classified briefings to maintain an awareness of current cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.

companyName: DOMINION ENERGY SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.


text: Dominion Energy's corporate intelligence and security program includes both cybersecurity and threat intelligence components as part of its evaluation and mitigation of risks. The evaluation of risks includes consideration of cybersecurity and privacy risk, including potential impact on Dominion Energy's employees, customers, supply chain and other stakeholders, intelligence briefings on notable cyber events impacting the industry and evaluation of insider threats. Dominion Energy utilizes a robust set of internal and third-party assessment tools to test its cyber risk management policies, practices and procedures as well as challenge assumptions upon which its defenses are built. These assessments provide opportunities for self-critical analysis and constructive feedback needed to build cyber resilience. Trainings are routinely provided to employees to help identify, avoid and mitigate cybersecurity threats and to ensure an understanding of Dominion Energy's cyber risk management policies. In addition, risk assessments are conducted as a component of the evaluation of vendors and suppliers.


text: Dominion Energy's current security posture and regulatory compliance efforts are intended to address the evolving and changing cyber threats. During the past three years, DESC has no t experienced any cybersecurity incidents resulting in a material impact to their business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. DESC has identified the risk that a hostile cyber intrusion could severely impair DESC's operations, lead to disclosure of confidential information, damage Dominion Energy's reputation or otherwise have an adverse effect on DESC's business as disclosed under the Operational Risks header within Item 1A. Risk Factors.


text: Dominion Energy's Board of Directors, including its operations committee (effective in July 2024, previously its finance and risk oversight committee), provides oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats to all Dominion Energy operations, including DESC. Dominion Energy's Board of Directors as well as its operations committee (effective in July 2024, previously its finance and risk oversight committee) receive presentations and reports throughout the year on cybersecurity and information security risk from management, including Dominion Energy's chief security officer, director of cybersecurity (CISO) and chief information officer. These presentations and reports address a broad range of topics, including Dominion Energy's cyber risk management program, updates on recent cybersecurity threats and incidents across the industry, policies and practices, industry trends, threat environment and vulnerability assessments and specific and ongoing efforts to prevent, detect and respond to internal and external critical threats, including management's hosting in 2024 of its third practical exercise with external federal, state and local incident response partners. In addition, Dominion Energy's Board of Directors receives briefings from time to time from outside experts for an independent view on cybersecurity risks, including assessments by independent consulting firms and legal counsel of the Company's readiness and resilience.


text: We engage third-party services to conduct evaluations of our security controls, whether through penetration testing, independent audits, or consulting on best practices to address new challenges. We have established cybersecurity security awareness training and ongoing monitoring.

companyName: Cardiff Oncology, Inc.

ticker: CRDF


text: Dominion Energy utilizes an organization structure known as a converged security model that brings together cybersecurity, physical security and threat intelligence within one department led by the chief security officer. The chief security officer joined Dominion Energy in this role in 2018 and has an extensive background in security having retired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation after a more than 20-year career focused on criminal, counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence and cyber investigations. The chief security officer belongs to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Domestic Security Alliance Council, the Department of Homeland Security's Classified Intelligence Forum and is a member of the national Government/Business Executive Forum. In addition to serving on multiple university advisory boards, the chief security officer also serves on the Commonwealth of Virginia's Informational Technology Advisory Council.


text: The director of cybersecurity (CISO) has over 30 years of experience at Dominion Energy primarily in various roles within the information technology department, including information technology risk management, as well as cybersecurity. The director of cybersecurity (CISO) has been involved in designing and evolving Dominion Energy's cyber risk management policies, practices and procedures. This individual has deep relationships with key external partners and is recognized within the industry and the U.S. as a leading cybersecurity expert.


text: In addition, management of cybersecurity threats is shared with the chief information officer who is responsible for Dominion Energy's technology assets including hardware, software, networks, servers and telecommunications. The chief information officer has over 25 years of experience at Dominion Energy primarily in various roles within the information technology department, including information technology risk management. In addition, the chief information officer previously served on the board of the Virginia Cybersecurity Partnership, a collaboration between private industry and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.


text: The chief security officer and chief information officer are supported by the senior vice president of administrative services as well as Dominion Energy's operations, compliance, legal, audit, corporate risk, supply chain, human resources and accounting departments in executing its cybersecurity program. In addition, the chief security officer and chief information officer provide periodic updates concerning recent developments affecting cybersecurity and privacy risk to Dominion Energy's executive cyber risk council, which includes executive officers responsible for administrative services, corporate affairs, supply chain, corporate secretary and corporate risk along with legal counsel.


text: Dominion Energy maintains a robust, tested and regularly revised Cyber Security Incident Response Plan and a Vendor Compromise Response Plan. These plans detail roles, responsibilities, and actions to be taken in response to a detected event whether internal or associated with a third-party service provider. The plans provide clear direction for escalation of information to leadership, including Dominion Energy's Board of Directors as appropriate, and drive collaboration amongst relevant members of management representing cybersecurity, information technology, operations, supply chain, legal and accounting departments. As necessary, the COO, CFO and chief legal officer will advise the CEO on any incidents which could potentially have a material effect on Dominion Energy's business operations, results of operations or financial condition.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our security approach is aligned with applicable security and/or technical requirements and best practices established by National Institute of Standards and Cybersecurity Framework ("NIST CSF"). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that our information security team uses the NIST CSF as the framework for helping us to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.

companyName: Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program and is designed to share common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas. We have a cross-functional team composed of senior IT, cybersecurity and compliance leadership that typically meets on a monthly basis to discuss efforts to identify new or prospective risks, mitigate previously identified risks, and discuss recent cybersecurity events. This cross-functional team reports into an executive steering committee comprised of senior enterprise leadership which meets, at a minimum, quarterly.


text: We use a defense-in-depth strategy across our business applications and systems, including database encryption, encryption for laptops/desktops, endpoint-security solutions including network filtering, anti-virus, endpoint firewalls, endpoint detection/response, patch and security configuration management and monitoring through our use of a Security Information and Event Management ("SIEM") system. The SIEM is monitored by our Security Operations Center ("SOC"). Our network and applications require multi-factor authentication, and logins are monitored for unusual activity by our SOC function. The enterprise network is protected by stateful firewalls, which are also monitored via our SOC. Our dedicated cybersecurity team engages third parties to conduct periodic infrastructure, application, compliance, and security operations testing, and threats/findings are managed through our risk-register and governance processes.


text: Item 2. Properties. We do not own any material real property. Our principal executive offices are located in Chicago, Illinois. We also lease a production studio in Chicago, Illinois and administrative offices in Canada. We terminated our Naperville, Illinois office lease effective February 2024.

companyName: Cars.com Inc.

ticker: CARS


text: Separately, employees are trained to promptly report any suspicious behavior or events to the Company's Core Security Incident Response team. This team includes IT, cybersecurity, compliance, and risk management team members. The core team oversees the investigation and handling of all reported incidents (which incidents are tracked in real time). If the core team determines that the reported event could potentially impact personally identifiable information processed by the Company, confidential/proprietary information or cause a financial loss, the core team reports the matter to Endeavor's Cybersecurity Executive Steering Committee, which includes Endeavor's Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Information Officer, Corporate Communications, Corporate Secretary, Senior Vice President ("SVP"), Internal Audit, SVP, Privacy & Cybersecurity, SVP, Cybersecurity, and SVP, Head of Corporate Security. Reported events that may cause a financial loss are also reported to the legal department's fraud investigation team. The Cybersecurity Executive Steering Committee is charged with managing the Core Security Incident Response Team and determining whether any disclosures may be required as a result of the reported event.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program, thus, includes: risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment; a written cybersecurity incident response plan;


text: the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;


text: cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management not less often than once per calendar year;


text: phishing simulations at regular intervals (not less than quarterly) to all users of the company's email system; and a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors which connect to our IT systems or process data on our behalf. This risk management process is designed to review the cybersecurity protocols, policies and preparedness of any vendor that processes personally identifiable information for the company or the company's confidential or proprietary information or otherwise is connected to any company IT infrastructure before entering an agreement with such vendor and/or at least every 18 months thereafter. Such reviews consist of reviewing SOC2 Type II reports for vendors which maintain them or, for those that don't, a review of the vendor's responses to a detailed questionnaire. Upon a review of such responses, the Company's cybersecurity team may propose contractual remediation obligations to be agreed upon by the vendor.


text: Our continually evolving cybersecurity strategies are informed by multiple threat intelligence resources, the status of ongoing remediation plans, and technical developments. We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. See Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business — Failure to protect our IT Systems and Confidential Information against breakdowns, security breaches, and other cybersecurity risks could result in financial penalties, legal liability, and/or reputational harm, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition."


text: Cybersecurity Governance Our Board, including the Governing Body, considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee of the Board (the "Audit Committee") oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Audit Committee oversees management's implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program.


text: The Audit Committee receives quarterly reports from management on our cybersecurity risks, and also receives, at least annually, a detailed briefing from management on our cyber risk management program's status including all strategic initiatives. In addition, management updates the Audit Committee, as necessary, regarding potentially significant cybersecurity incidents consistent with written escalation protocols, as well as incidents with lesser impact potential. The Audit Committee members also receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Information Officer, internal security staff or external experts as part of the Board's continuing education on topics that impact public companies. The full Board and the Governing Body receive regular updates regarding the Audit Committee's activities.


text: Our management team, including our Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Information Officer, SVP, Privacy & Cybersecurity, and SVP, Cybersecurity, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Chief Information Officer is responsible for implementation and enforcement of written information security policies. The Chief Information Officer has designated leaders, including the SVP, Cybersecurity, to be responsible for overall management of the information security management program, including developing and operating within the defined global information security controls to protect our IT systems, selecting and supervising retained cybersecurity consultants, and working with Legal, Compliance, and Human Resources personnel to develop and launch appropriate information security training of our workforce. Our management team has decades of experience leading and managing cybersecurity teams as well as professional credentials in cybersecurity and data privacy. Our SVP, Privacy & Cybersecurity, leads a team of five dedicated privacy professionals in the Legal department.


text: Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in our IT environment.


text: Nucor recognizes the importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining effective cybersecurity measures designed to protect our information systems and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data. We face a number of information technology and cybersecurity threats which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

companyName: NUCOR CORP

ticker: NUE


text: Notwithstanding the Company's cybersecurity framework and preventative strategies, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.


text: We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program that is intended to enable us to assess, identify, and manage risk associated with cybersecurity threats. Our program is based on the Cybersecurity Framework promulgated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other applicable industry standards, and includes the following key elements: • identification and assessment of cybersecurity threats based on internal and external assessments and monitoring, information from internal stakeholders, and external publications and resources such as those made available by the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; • technical and organizational safeguards designed to protect against identified threats, including documented policies and procedures, technical controls, and employee education and awareness; • processes to detect the occurrence of cybersecurity events, and maintenance and regular testing of incident response and recovery and business continuity plans and processes; and • a third-party risk management process to manage cybersecurity risks associated with our service providers, suppliers, and vendors. The program is designed to foster a culture of cybersecurity risk management across the Company.


text: Integrated Overall Risk Management Assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity-related risks is integrated into our overall risk management framework. The Company conducts an annual cybersecurity risk assessment and reports the most significant risks and associated planned mitigation strategies to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The annual risk assessment is carried out under the supervision of the Executive Vice President of Business Services and General Counsel, the President of Nucor Business Technology, the Company's Cybersecurity Director, and the Company's Vice President and Corporate Controller. See "Governance" below. The Board also regularly receives focused presentations regarding cybersecurity risks from the Company's Cybersecurity Director.


text: Third-Party Engagement Due to the complexity and ever-changing nature of cybersecurity threats, Nucor engages a range of external experts to assist in its assessment, identification, and management of risks from cybersecurity threats. These include cybersecurity assessors, forensic and incident response experts, and auditors to review the Company's cybersecurity posture and responsive efforts. Our relationships with these external partners enable us to leverage their expertise with the goal of maintaining best practices.


text: Oversight of Third-Party Risks Our third-party service providers, suppliers, and vendors face their own risks from cybersecurity threats that could impact Nucor in certain circumstances. In response, we have implemented processes for overseeing and managing these risks. Those processes include limiting the exposure of our information systems to external systems to the least practicable amount, assessing the third parties' information security practices before allowing them to access our information systems or data, requiring the third parties to implement appropriate cybersecurity controls in our agreements with them, and conducting ongoing monitoring of their compliance with those requirements. We also utilize third-party risk and compliance monitoring services to monitor our service providers, suppliers, and vendors and to augment the effectiveness of our risk mitigation efforts in this area.


text: Risks from Cybersecurity Threats As of the date of this report, no risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of cybersecurity incidents we have experienced in the past, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. The Company seeks to ensure effective governance in managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as more thoroughly described below.


text: Board of Directors Oversight The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. The Audit Committee is composed of directors with a wide range of experience, including risk management and controls, and technology. See "Integrated Overall Risk Management" above.


text: Management's Role in Cybersecurity Risk Management A division of the Company known as Nucor Business Technology, or NBT, is responsible for the Company's information technology needs, including cybersecurity risk assessment and management. NBT's cybersecurity function is led by the Cybersecurity Director, who reports to the President of NBT, who in turn reports to the Company's Executive Vice President of Business Services and General Counsel and to the Chair, President, and Chief Executive Officer. The current Cybersecurity Director has more than twenty years of experience in the cybersecurity field and has broad expertise in cybersecurity threat assessments and detection, mitigation technologies, cybersecurity training, and incident response.


text: The Company also has a Risk Committee composed of the following members of the Company's management: • Executive Vice President of Business Services & General Counsel • President, Nucor Business Technology • Vice President and Corporate Controller • Vice President and General Manager, Corporate Legal Affairs • General Manager of Internal Audit • Cybersecurity Director • Director of Legal Compliance and Assistant Corporate Secretary • Manager of External Reporting The Risk Committee is responsible for overseeing the Company's response to cybersecurity incidents. The Risk Committee and the Chair, President, and Chief Executive Officer inform the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on cybersecurity risks.


text: Monitoring of Cybersecurity Incidents The Cybersecurity Director implements and oversees our processes for regularly monitoring our information systems. This includes security measures and regular audits to identify potential issues. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we have an established incident response plan that requires prompt notification of the Cybersecurity Director or their designee, who in turn oversees our assessment of and response to the incident. The Cybersecurity Director is also responsible for informing the Risk Committee of cybersecurity incidents, which in turn has a detailed process for assessing the impacts of incidents and monitoring the Company's mitigation and remediation efforts. Depending on the nature of the incident, this process also provides for escalating notification to senior executives, including the Chair, President, and Chief Executive Officer, the Executive Vice President of Business Services and General Counsel and to the Board of Directors.


text: Risk Management and Strategy The Company maintains a cyber risk management program to prevent, detect and respond to information security threats. This program is supervised by a dedicated Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) whose team is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes. The CISO manages the program in collaboration with the Company's businesses and functions. To mitigate the risk of cybersecurity threats and data breaches we also have established policies and procedures, including a Cybersecurity & Data Breach Incident Response Policy and identified an Incident Response Team (IRT) with defined roles, responsibilities and means of communication. As part of our broader risk management and control framework we have implemented cybersecurity controls over the information technology and process control systems of the Company and of its third-party service providers. The Company engages third-party organizations to assess the controls around sensitive data, including but not limited to financial, employee, customer and vendor data as well as data affecting our process controls and data used to operate our manufacturing and converting facilities. We work with an independent assessor to conduct interim assessments and track ongoing efforts to continuously improve the Company's cyber risk management program. The most recent assessment was completed at the end of 2022. In addition, the Company utilizes an independent audit firm to perform specific attack and penetration reviews on an annual basis. While we have experienced threats to our data and systems, as of December 31, 2024, we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially impacted, or are reasonably likely to materially impact, our operations or financial condition.

companyName: PACKAGING CORP OF AMERICA

ticker: PKG


text: Board Roles and Responsibilities The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the Company's cyber risk management program. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) presents frequent updates to the Audit Committee and, as necessary, to the full Board of Directors. These regular reports include detailed updates on the Company's performance preparing for, preventing, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. In addition, we have established processes to notify the Audit Committee of active incidents, as deemed necessary. The Company's program is periodically evaluated by third-party experts, and the results of those reviews are reported to the Board of Directors.


text: Management Responsibilities The Incident Response Team that we have established as part of our cyber risk management program coordinates the Company's response to incidents and communicates with internal and external stakeholders. The team includes members of our Senior Leadership and draws upon additional staff, consultants, advisors and service providers as needed.


text: We are continuously focused on ensuring our Company is protected from potential cyber threats. Our Information Technology (IT) team is comprised of employees with a diverse mix of skills, backgrounds, perspectives, and relevant expertise, that undergo extensive training as part of their employment with the Company. We believe these measures together with our cyber risk management program as well as our policies, processes and procedures set a high benchmark for our employees to address and respond to cybersecurity threats.


text: Our IT team regularly monitors best practices and as needed, implements changes to the Company's cyber risk management program to ensure a robust program is maintained. Aspects of this program include plans and procedures for identifying, communicating and containing security incidents, regular risk assessments and testing of the Company's internal infrastructure to identify vulnerabilities, procedures for recovering from disruptions to our operations, maintaining global security policies, and comprehensive end user training and cybersecurity drills for personnel.


text: We are committed to implementing all reasonable measures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data that is owned and managed by us. We also endeavor to protect confidential information that is shared with us by our business partners. The cybersecurity program at Koppers has been designed based on an industry standard cybersecurity framework and is aligned with local and regional compliance requirements. The cybersecurity program is reviewed periodically by an independent third-party, and the results are shared with the board of directors. Components of the cybersecurity program are guided by the results of the independent third-party assessment. The cybersecurity program is part of the larger Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program which is reviewed by management and the board of directors on a periodic basis. Compliance with the cybersecurity program is ensured via policies, procedures, training, and systems.

companyName: Koppers Holdings Inc.

ticker: KOP


text: Information security policies at Koppers lay out the guardrails that ensure compliance with the program. Examples of guardrails set within the information security policies at Koppers include, where appropriate, application of the principle of least privilege when granting access (the principle that a user or entity should only have access to the specific data, resources and applications needed to complete a required task), logging and monitoring activity of privileged accounts, authorized physical and logical access to information technology (IT) systems, and requiring maintenance of confidentiality of non-public information. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) help to ensure accuracy and completeness of various IT tasks being performed throughout the organization. SOPs include incorporating data processing agreements in contracts, commissioning and decommissioning of IT systems, granting role-based user access, patch management, and change management. Training is conducted regularly for all employees who interact with Koppers IT systems. Specialized training is also conducted for employees who deal with sensitive data. Security systems have been deployed to manage vulnerabilities within the IT environment, and periodic penetration tests validate the Koppers security posture.


text: IT systems are protected using various tools like multi-factor authentication (MFA), virtual private network (VPN), firewalls, end-point protection, spam and web filters, mobile device management, and privileged access management. A third-party monitoring service aids in detecting any threats or anomalies with the network. A multi-department incident response plan has been developed to facilitate a swift response in the event of a cybersecurity incident, which includes notifying the appropriate regulatory agencies. IT systems critical to the business operations have been identified and plans have been developed for a swift recovery of IT services in the event of a service failure. We conduct annual security reviews of all service providers that provide critical service to the business. A cybersecurity risk assessment is conducted prior to contracting with a new IT cloud service provider providing high-impact services.


text: The Strategy and Risk Committee of the board of directors is composed of board members with diverse experience that allows them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively. We have a Vice President, Information Technology with over 20 years of experience at Koppers in various positions of increasing responsibility within the IT function, working on initiatives related to enterprise resource planning systems, mobile computing, data analytics, SOX compliance, and cybersecurity. Prior to working at Koppers, the Vice President, Information Technology worked at a global technology consulting company implementing software solutions. This position plays a pivotal role in informing management, the Strategy and Risk Committee and the board of directors on cybersecurity risks. An update on the cybersecurity program is provided to the board of directors quarterly. As of the date of this report, we have not experienced a material information security incident.


text: Risk Management and Strategy The Company recognizes the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data. As a real estate company with hundreds of properties located across the United States, we guard against a multitude of cybersecurity risks that range from threats common to most industries, such as ransomware and denial-of-service, to threats from more advanced, persistent, or organized actors, including those acting on behalf of nation-states that target critical infrastructure sectors. Tenants, lenders, suppliers, subcontractors, and equity partners throughout the industry face similar cybersecurity risks, and a cybersecurity incident impacting us or a related entity could materially adversely affect operations, performance, or operating results. These and related risks make it imperative that we vigilantly tend to the social, physical, and logical aspects of our cybersecurity.

companyName: ExchangeRight Income Fund


text: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating cybersecurity and related risks are disciplines we integrate into our overall enterprise risk management ("ERM") process. Our ERM process and cybersecurity policies are based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Consensus Audit Guidelines. As part of our process, we complete continuous vulnerability scanning, end point detection and response, employee cybersecurity awareness training, and security monitoring. To the extent our ERM process identifies any relevant heightened cybersecurity related threat, we assign risk owners to develop mitigation plans, which we then track until full execution aligned with our Incident Response Plan.


text: The Company is committed to the ongoing development and implementation of stringent processes to oversee and manage the risks associated with third-party service providers. Our policy is to conduct thorough security assessments of key third-party service providers prior to engagement, and to ensure compliance with our cybersecurity standards. Monitoring includes quarterly security assessments and annual evaluation of security controls. This approach is designed to mitigate risks related to data breaches or other security incidents originating from third parties. Notwithstanding our commitment to high standards for cybersecurity, we may not always be successful in preventing a potential cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.


text: Oversight by Key Principals The Key Principals are the sole managers of ExchangeRight, which is the sole member and manager of our Trustee, and, accordingly, act as the directors of the Company. The Key Principals oversee management's processes for identifying and mitigating risks, including cybersecurity risks, to help align our risk exposure with our strategic objectives. The Key Principals are acutely aware of the critical nature of managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Key Principals are committed to effective governance in managing risks associated with cybersecurity in order to uphold operational integrity and stakeholder confidence.


text: Management's Role in Assessing and Managing Cybersecurity Risk ExchangeRight's Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager leads our information security team, which is responsible for developing and executing our enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy. With over 13 years of experience in information technology, security strategy, program management, and internal controls, our information security team brings extensive expertise in evaluating, implementing, and overseeing security initiatives that protect our organization from cyber threats.


text: The information security team's background includes information technology governance, risk management & compliance, security controls, and enterprise application security, ensuring our systems align with best practices and regulatory standards. As a control owner for Information Technology General Controls ("ITGCs"), they oversee security reviews, change management processes, and system integrity for critical applications, such as enterprise resource planning ("ERP") and enterprise software solutions. Additionally, they have played a key role in architecting and managing secure operational workflows, leading ERP implementations, and ensuring compliance with internal controls over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and audit requirements.


text: Under their leadership, the information security team continuously strengthens our enterprise security posture, mitigating cyber risks while enhancing system resilience to minimize business disruptions. Recognizing that cybersecurity is a shared responsibility, they foster a corporate culture of security awareness and accountability, ensuring that employees beyond the security team remain vigilant against evolving cyber threats.


text: The Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager notifies the Key Principals of our cybersecurity and information security posture as appropriate and the Key Principals are apprised of cybersecurity incidents deemed to have any relevant business impact. The Key Principals, Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager, our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, and our Executive Managing Principal maintain an open dialogue regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks. The Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager keeps them appraised of updates on any significant developments in the cybersecurity domain, ensuring the Key Principals' oversight is both proactive and responsive.


text: The Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager is continually informed about the latest developments in cybersecurity, including potential threats and innovative risk management techniques. This ongoing knowledge acquisition is crucial for the effective prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager oversees processes for the regular monitoring of our information systems. This includes the deployment of advanced security measures and system audits to identify potential vulnerabilities. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, the information security team is equipped with a well-defined incident response plan. This plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact and long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents.


text: Key Management Personnel As disclosed above, the primary responsibility for our overall information security strategy and directive resides with our Senior Information Technology and Enterprise Applications Manager with reliance on our information security team. With over 50 years of cumulative experience in the field, ExchangeRight's information security team brings a wealth of expertise to our organization. The team includes individuals with backgrounds in Information Technology, Data Science, Enterprise Applications, and Business Development. Their in-depth knowledge and expertise are instrumental in developing and executing our cybersecurity strategies.


text: Risks from Cybersecurity Incidents To date, we have not encountered, to our knowledge, a cybersecurity incident that has materially impaired, or is reasonably likely to materially impair, our operations or financial condition. There can be no assurance that such effects may not occur in the future.


text: Cybersecurity Governance, Risk Management and Strategy In the current digital environment, companies like ours may be the target of cyber-attacks or other malicious efforts to cause a cyber incident. These cyber incidents can include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The possible consequences of such an attack include but are not limited to loss of data, damage to our reputation, interruptions to our operations, and/or the need to pay ransom. Historically, we have not experienced cybersecurity incidents that materially impacted our business strategy, operating results and financial condition but we cannot guarantee a future cybersecurity incident would not materially impact us.

companyName: NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC.

ticker: NXST


text: We recognize the importance of maintaining the confidence and trust of our customers, suppliers, employees, audience, and communities by maintaining our data and information security. In managing our cyber risk, we utilize the National Institute of Standards and Technology Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (the "NIST Framework") issued by the U.S. government as a guideline to manage our cybersecurity-related risk. In addition, we have established security control requirements for our third-party vendors based on global standards.


text: Our day-to-day cybersecurity efforts are led operationally by our Chief Technology and Digital Officer and Senior Vice President, Technology who have over 10 and 25 years, respectively, of networking and information technology management or executive experience, and oversee a team of in-house cybersecurity specialists. Our Cybersecurity Committee, comprised of representatives from key management groups including accounting, finance, legal, internal audit, and information technology, also supports our cybersecurity efforts. The Cybersecurity Committee consults with representatives from senior management and retains third-party contractors as needed. The role of the Cybersecurity Committee is to oversee cyber risk assessments, monitor applicable key risk indicators, review cybersecurity training procedures, establish cybersecurity policies and procedures, and implement enhancements to our cybersecurity infrastructure. The Cybersecurity Committee meets monthly, or more regularly as necessary, and ensures that senior management, and ultimately, the Board, is given the information required to manage and exercise proper oversight over cybersecurity risks and ensure that escalation procedures are followed in the event of a cybersecurity incident.


text: As part of its role as independent oversight of the key risks facing Nexstar, the Board itself and through its Audit Committee devotes regular and thorough attention to our cybersecurity risk. The Audit Committee receives quarterly (or more frequent as necessary) reports from senior financial executives and Nexstar's Chief Technology and Digital Officer to evaluate cybersecurity and data risks. Such reporting includes updates on the Company's cybersecurity program, the external threat environment, and the Company's programs to address and mitigate the risks associated with the evolving cybersecurity threat landscape. In accordance with our Cyber Incident Response Plan, the Audit Committee is promptly informed of any cybersecurity incidents that could potentially materially adversely affect the Company or its information systems and is regularly updated about incidents with lesser impact potential. The Audit Committee and management regularly brief the full Board on these matters as well.


text: For additional discussion of certain risks associated with cybersecurity, see Item 1A, "Risk Factors" under the heading "Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our operating effectiveness and operating results."


text: Risk Management and Strategy We are committed to our goal to protect sensitive business-related and personal information, as well as our information systems. We are subject to numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that could adversely and materially affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

companyName: Domtar CORP


text: We have implemented a cybersecurity risk management program based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework to assess, identify and manage cybersecurity risk that may result in material adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our business and information systems.


text: Our program includes regular risk assessments, penetration testing performed by the internal team and independent third parties, patch management, and vulnerability scanning to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities. We have also implemented a robust security awareness program that includes regular phishing tests and requires employees to undergo annual security awareness training. Our cybersecurity strategy is focused on establishing the zero-trust security model to protect our information assets' confidentiality, integrity, and availability. We also have an incident response process and various incident response plans that are designed to provide timely and effective actions in the event of a cybersecurity incident. Our incident response plan includes procedures for determining the root cause and impacts of the incident, containment actions to mitigate the impacts, and notifying affected parties.