text: Annual internal and external vulnerability scans are completed to ensure we mitigate any risks proactively. The Company's internal operations are PC based and the PCs have up to date security software. Regular phishing exercises are conducted, and employee awareness training is conducted annually by our outsourced provider.


text: The Company relies on third-party service providers for services such as IT management and payroll. These third-parties are also vulnerable to cybersecurity threats. Management actively assesses its third-parties policies related to cyber risks, including obtaining System and Organization Controls (SOC) reports, when available.

companyName: BLOOMIA HOLDINGS, INC.

ticker: TULP

secItem: Item 1C

stage1Category: Third-Party Risk

stage1Method: unanimous


text: Our full Board of Directors and our Audit Committee provide oversight of our risk management program, which includes cybersecurity and monitoring the performance of our third-party IT providers. The Audit Committee, as part of its charter to review the Company's practices with respect to risk assessment and risk management, receives updates on internal control, including those relating to IT general controls and cybersecurity.

stage1Category: Board Governance


text: Management's Role As of the date of this report, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident.

stage1Category: Strategy Integration


text: The Company is committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information systems and the data they contain from cybersecurity threats. The Company recognizes that cybersecurity is a dynamic and evolving area of risk that requires ongoing assessment, management, and oversight. Third parties are also incorporated into our approach to cybersecurity. We engage third-party services to conduct evaluations of our security controls, whether through penetration testing, independent audits, cybersecurity maturity assessments or consulting on best practices to address current and new challenges. These evaluations include testing both the design and operational effectiveness of security controls.

companyName: Precipio, Inc.

ticker: PRPO


text: Risk management and strategy We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.


text: Corporate Governance Our Board of Directors provides oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, in coordination with our Audit Committee and management team. The following is a summary of our governance processes related to cybersecurity risk management:

companyName: TheRealReal, Inc.

ticker: REAL


text: Following these risk assessments, we re-design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize identified risks; reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards; and regularly monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards. Primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing our cybersecurity risks rests with an IT consultant who reports to our IT Manager and Chief Operating Officer, to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process.


text: As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with IT and management. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of our cybersecurity policies through trainings.


text: We engage consultants, or other third parties in connection with our risk assessment processes. These service providers assist us to design and implement our cybersecurity policies and procedures, as well as to monitor and test our safeguards. We require each third-party service provider to certify that it has the ability to implement and maintain appropriate security measures, consistent with all applicable laws, to implement and maintain reasonable security measures in connection with their work with us, and to promptly report any suspected breach of its security measures that may affect our company.


text: We have not encountered cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats, please refer to Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in this annual report on Form 10-K.


text: One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the audit committee.


text: Our Chief Operating Officer is primarily responsible to assess and manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats with assistance from third-party service providers.


text: Our Chief Operating Officer oversees our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in "Risk Management and Strategy" above. The cybersecurity risk management program includes tools and activities to prevent, detect, and analyze current and emerging cybersecurity threats, and plans and strategies to address threats and incidents.


text: Our Chief Financial Officer and IT consultant provide periodic briefings to the audit committee regarding our company's cybersecurity risks and activities, including any recent cybersecurity incidents and related responses, cybersecurity systems testing, activities of third parties, and the like. Our audit committee provides regular updates to the board of directors on such reports.


text: Our approach to managing cybersecurity risk involves a comprehensive program established at each subsidiary and our corporate headquarters. This strategy intends to pinpoint entity-specific risks associated with both our digital and physical assets with the objective of employing effective measures that ensure the security of our infrastructure, systems, data, business partners, customers, and financial information against potential cyber incidents. Corporate management of the holding company oversees the cybersecurity risk program at each of the subsidiaries to ensure the collective cohesively responds to organization-wide risks.

companyName: ARGAN INC

ticker: AGX

stage1Category: Risk Management Process


text: Administered by information security, information technology, and compliance professionals and managed by senior management at each of our subsidiaries, our cybersecurity program is integrated into our broader enterprise risk management process and aligns with recognized frameworks and industry standards, as applicable, and complies with various legal and regulatory requirements.

stage1Method: majority


text: The audit committee of our board of directors oversees management's cybersecurity program and ensures timely reporting and management of cyber incidents.


text: Risk Management and Strategy As our business objectives and operational needs change, our cybersecurity professionals continuously evaluate and refine the measures taken to address our identified risks for each subsidiary. Our technical measures, based on each subsidiary's environment, may include firewalls, segmented networks, intrusion detection and prevention systems, encryption, anti-malware tools, and configuration controls, to shield our information systems from cybersecurity incidents. Additionally, we apply strong access controls, enforce multi-factor authentication, and regularly update software and patches against vulnerability exploitation.


text: We use managed endpoint detection and response tools to proactively monitor, detect, and respond to security threats across all endpoints, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices. These tools provide real-time visibility into endpoint activities, allowing us to identify suspicious behavior, such as malware infections, unauthorized access attempts, and abnormal system processes.


text: Our information technology employee regularly monitors our information technology systems and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer. To the extent necessary, our Chief Executive Officer reports such risks to our Board.

companyName: BIO-PATH HOLDINGS, INC.

ticker: BPTH


text: We maintain business continuity plans that define how our critical operations will continue during disruptions, ensuring minimal downtime and seamless access to vital services. Our comprehensive disaster recovery plans include regularly testing backup systems and clear procedures for restoring critical business applications in the event of data loss, cyberattacks, or natural disasters. This multi-faceted approach ensures that, even in the face of unexpected incidents, our subsidiaries and organization can quickly recover, maintain operational resilience, and protect the data and services that are essential to our success.


text: Acknowledging the dynamic and complex landscape of cybersecurity threats, we engage with various external specialists to evaluate and strengthen our information security practices and procedures. Such engagements differ across our subsidiaries, as they are tailored to the specific risk profile of each subsidiary, ensuring that each entity works with experts most suited to their specific cybersecurity needs. These engagements, which may encompass regular audits, risk assessments, gap assessments, social engineering and penetration testing, and consultations on security enhancements, enable us to align with industry best practices. Significant results and recommendations of these assessments are reported to the audit committee and, as necessary, the board of directors, leading to adjustments in our cybersecurity approach to ensure our defenses remain robust and effective.


text: During Fiscal 2025, GPS hired a cybersecurity engineer whose mission is to design and implement a comprehensive cybersecurity architecture that elevates the current risk management and strategy while leveraging existing platforms, policies and best practices.

stage1Category: Management Role


text: Recognizing the importance of human factors in cybersecurity, we prioritize conducting regular security and awareness training for employees that emphasizes common threats, such as phishing, social engineering, sensitive data exposure, and insider risks. These initiatives are designed to ensure that employees understand the latest security threats, best practices, and how to recognize potential risks. In addition to regular training sessions, we also perform simulated exercises, such as phishing drills, to reinforce learning and test employees' ability to respond to real-world threats. Lastly, we regularly share security updates and reminders through internal communications and provide dedicated means for employees to report attempted threats.


text: To mitigate cybersecurity risks linked to our engagement with third-party service providers, we perform security screening and review for prospective vendors that require access to our information systems. Based on the subsidiary and the vendor, this process may include reviewing the vendor's data protection policies, assessing their ability to meet our security requirements, and ensuring that they have adequate safeguards in place to prevent and respond to breaches. For our ongoing relationships with regular vendors, we may conduct annual risk assessments to re-evaluate their security posture, identify any changes or emerging risks, and ensure that they continue to meet our standards. Additionally, to further protect our operations and enhance our cybersecurity risk management process, we maintain cybersecurity risk insurance obtained from industry leading underwriters.


text: Our strategy for responding to cybersecurity incidents involves a well-defined plan at each subsidiary that prescribes dedicated cross-functional personnel to each response team, ensuring a coordinated and premeditated response. These plans, which undergo regular review, assert the ability of system recovery processes and provide response frameworks for escalating issues. The plans are designed to minimize the impact to our operations and stakeholders, initiate appropriate communications both within and outside of the organization, and identify recommendations for improvement.


text: Governance and Oversight While our management team is tasked with the day-to-day handling of risks facing our organization, the audit committee, as delegated by the board of directors and documented in the committee's charter, specifically oversees cybersecurity risk and governance. Management provides the audit committee regular updates covering information security issues, recent organizational developments and IT initiatives, vulnerability assessments, third-party evaluations, and emerging best practices. The audit committee also engages with our internal audit firm and other external specialists about organizational risks related to cybersecurity, as well as the policies and controls designed to mitigate these risks. In January 2024, our board of directors participated in a cybersecurity training session provided by our internal audit firm. Our audit committee or the board of directors is actively involved in strategic cybersecurity decisions, providing guidance and concurrence for significant or pervasive projects. This ensures that cybersecurity is seamlessly integrated into our strategic planning, aligning with our broader organizational goals.


text: Additionally, we have established a cross-organizational IT steering committee, comprising senior and executive leadership, enterprise risk management representatives, and IT management, many of whom have over 15 years of experience and hold professional certifications in their respective fields. In an effort to build a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy across the organization, this committee convenes as needed to discuss ongoing cybersecurity initiatives, emerging regulatory requirements and industry standards, and results of risk assessments.


text: Cybersecurity incidents are regularly reported to cross-functional teams at each subsidiary through the dedicated means we have in place, and events deemed critical are reported to the chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Moreover, the audit committee and the board of directors are promptly informed of any significant cybersecurity incident, along with continuous updates until resolution.


text: Cybersecurity Risks, Threats and Material Incidents Despite our endeavors to safeguard the security and integrity of our networks, systems, and the sensitive information they contain or transmit, including the adoption of numerous cybersecurity policies and protocols aimed at mitigating the risk of cybersecurity breaches or disruptions as previously outlined, it is impossible to guarantee the complete effectiveness of these measures. There remains a possibility that efforts to thwart cybersecurity threats may not be entirely successful, potentially resulting in successful breaches or disruptions that could be harmful. Refer to "Our failure to protect our management information systems against security breaches could adversely affect our business and results of operations" in Item 1A. Risk Factors.


text: As previously disclosed, we were targeted by a complex criminal scheme early in Fiscal 2024, which resulted in fraudulently-induced outbound wire transfers to a third-party account (see Note 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). The Company promptly self-discovered the fraudulent activity and contacted the remitting bank, receiving bank, dispute resolution experts, and federal and local law enforcement authorities. Moreover, we quickly informed the audit committee and regularly provided them with updates during investigation and recovery efforts. As a result of the fraud loss, net with funds recovered, and professional fees incurred related to an independent forensic investigation and efforts to recover the funds, we recognized $2.7 million of loss. We are unaware of any other significant security breaches at any of our business locations.

stage1Category: Incident Disclosure


text: Risk Management and Strategy We do no believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. During the reporting period, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents nor any series of immaterial cybersecurity incidents that would require to be disclosed in this year-end report Management of cybersecurity risks is a component of our overall risk management strategy. We rely on information technology, communication networks, enterprise applications, accounting and financial platforms, and related systems in the operation of its business. Our operations also rely on the secure collection, storage, transmission and processing of proprietary, confidential and sensitive data. Our cybersecurity risk management strategy is designed to support us in identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to, and recovering from cybersecurity threats and incidents with the intention of protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of such systems and data.

companyName: Gain Therapeutics, Inc.

ticker: GANX


text: We have implemented several processes with the assistance of third parties that we engage to help us manage our overall information technology function. These include certain processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks and are designed to help protect our information assets and operations from internal and external cyber threats, and to protect employee, collaborator and patient information from unauthorized access or attack, as well as to secure our networks and systems. Such processes include physical, procedural and technical safeguards, response plans, regular tests on our systems, and periodic review of our policies and procedures to identify risks and refine our practices. We engage certain external parties, including consultants, computer security firms and governance experts, to enhance our cybersecurity oversight and to gain valuable insights into the ever-evolving cybersecurity landscape.


text: Our use of third parties to conduct our business is significant. We use suppliers, CROs, CDMOs, and other service providers. A cybersecurity incident at third party could materially adversely impact us. In order to mitigate this risk, we assess third party cybersecurity controls prior to engaging third parties and include security and privacy addendums to our contracts where applicable. We also require that third party service providers or partners report cybersecurity incidents to us so that we can assess the impact of the incident on us.


text: In an effort to further deter and detect cyber threats, we provide all employees, including part-time and temporary employees, with data protection, cybersecurity and incident response and prevention materials, which educates employees on the importance of reporting all incidents immediately. We also use technology-based tools that are designed to mitigate cybersecurity risks.


text: Lastly, we have established a Cybersecurity Incident Response Policy ("CIRP"), which details the steps to be followed to properly respond to, contain, and remediate a cybersecurity incident. The CIRP provides a process for escalating certain cybersecurity incidents to the Board and members of management to facilitate management-level consideration as to whether a cybersecurity incident may be material to the Company and whether public disclosure of the incident is required.


text: Our third-party service providers report to our Principal Financial Officer who is responsible for the management of the Cybersecurity program. The Principal Financial Officer, on a regular basis, reports to the Audit Committee.


text: The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors provides direct oversight over cybersecurity risk and provides updates to the Board of Directors regarding such oversight. The Audit Committee receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified between such updates regarding significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents.


text: Our board of directors has oversight responsibility for risk management, which it administers directly and with assistance from its committees, primarily the audit committee. Throughout the year, the board and its committees engage with management to discuss a wide range of enterprise risks, including cybersecurity.

companyName: Traws Pharma, Inc.

ticker: TRAW


text: Risk Management and Strategy The Company's Information Security Program ("Program") uses a variety of safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. The Program is designed to identify, prevent, or mitigate the risks from cybersecurity threats. The Program leverages recognized security frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC), Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), and Ransomware Self-Assessment Tool (R-SAT), to organize, improve, and assess the program and to better manage and reduce cybersecurity risk. The Program is assessed and updated annually and as needed.

companyName: Texas Community Bancshares, Inc.

ticker: TCBS


text: The Company regularly assesses the threats and vulnerabilities to its environment so it can update and maintain its systems and controls to effectively mitigate these risks. Layered security controls are designed to complement each other to protect customer information and transactions. The Company periodically engages third-party experts and consultants to conduct evaluations of our security controls, whether through penetration testing, audits, assessments, or consulting on best practices to address new challenges. Results are used to help drive priorities and initiatives to improve the Program. Additionally, as a regulated entity, bank regulators assess the quality of our information security program during their regular examinations of the Company and its compliance with federal regulations and requirements.


text: The Company's third-party risk management program is designed to oversee and identify the cybersecurity threats associated with the use of third-party service providers. While the optics into a third-party's operation are limited, the Company performs risk-based evaluations of third-party service providers. These evaluations include reviewing information including, but not limited to, security assessment questionnaires, security testing summaries, audit reports performed under the SSAE 18 Audit Standard, and information security policies.


text: We view security awareness as a continuous program. All Company employees receive cybersecurity and fraud training at the required new employee orientation and subsequently receive information security tips via email. Employees also receive annual security awareness training.


text: During the fiscal year of this Report, the Company has not identified risks from cybersecurity threats that individually or in the aggregate have materially affected or are reasonably anticipated to materially affect the organization. Nevertheless, the Company recognizes cybersecurity threats are ongoing and evolving, and we continue to remain vigilant.


text: The Company's system of internal controls also incorporates a protocol for the appropriate reporting and escalation of information and cybersecurity matters to management and the Board of Directors for resolution and, if necessary, disclosure of any material incidents. The Board of Directors is actively engaged in the oversight of the Company's continuous efforts to reinforce and enhance its operational resilience and receives education to enhance their oversight efforts to accommodate for the ever-evolving information and cybersecurity threat landscape. The Information Security Officer ("ISO") regularly updates the Board, management and any appropriate committees on the information and cybersecurity risks, threats, exposures, and mitigation measures. The Company's incident response process is periodically tested and includes cybersecurity scenarios.


text: The Chief Operating Officer (COO) along with the ISO are responsible for developing and implementing our Program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Board. Our COO and ISO have over 25 years of combined related experience. We view cybersecurity as a shared responsibility, and we periodically perform simulations and tabletop exercises and incorporate external resources and advisors as needed. The Program is overseen by the Information Security Committee, Board of Directors, and Compliance Committee.


text: The Company's Board of Directors monitors the Program including policies and practices. The Company's Compliance Committee and Information Security Committee along with the company's Board of Directors oversee areas of operational risk such as information technology activities; risks associated with development, infrastructure, and cybersecurity; oversight of information security risk assessments, strategies, policies, and programs; and disaster recovery, business continuity, and incident response process. The ISO also provides periodic cybersecurity updates to the Board of Directors.


text: We face a number of cybersecurity risks in connection with our business. Although such risks have not materially affected us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, to date. Disruptions in our information technology systems or a compromise of security with respect to our systems could adversely affect our operating results by limiting our ability to effectively monitor and control our operations, adjust to changing market conditions, implement strategic initiatives or support our customer transactions and our business may be adversely affected by security breaches at third-parties.


text: We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity framework intended to identify, assess, monitor and manage risks from cybersecurity threats to the security of our information, systems and network using a risk-based approach. Our framework is informed in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework, although our framework takes into account the particulars of our business and our diverse network of terminal operations and therefore does not meet all the technical standards, specifications or requirements under the NIST. Additionally, the Company follows IT General Controls that were implemented to adhere to Sarbanes-Oxley internal controls.

companyName: TransMontaigne Partners LLC


text: Risk Management and Strategy We regularly assess risks from cybersecurity threats; monitor our information systems for potential vulnerabilities; and test those systems pursuant to our cybersecurity policies, processes, and practices, which are integrated into our overall risk management program. To protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, we use various industry standard security tools that are designed to help identify, escalate, investigate, resolve, and recover from security incidents in a timely manner. Given the prevalence of social engineering attacks, we have implemented a two-pronged approach of training and security mitigations: educating users about how to detect a potential attack (phishing, malware, etc.) and security tools, which can decrease the likelihood of occurrence through multi-factor authentication, endpoint detection and response and other tools focused on locking down cyber threats. A team of industry experts comprised of representatives from our Information Technology department and support functions, along with outside experts assesses risks based on probability and potential impact to key business systems and processes. Risks that are considered high are incorporated into our overall risk management program. A mitigation plan is developed for each identified high risk, with progress reported to the Executive Leadership Team and Audit Committee and tracked as part of our overall risk management program overseen by the Audit Committee of our board of directors. These mitigations target implementing automated tools for detection and prevention wherever possible, supplemented by training and process controls as needed. Recurring maintenance, reporting and awareness tasks are conducted and documented within our Service Management Software and Security tools for record keeping and trending.

companyName: Neuronetics, Inc.

ticker: STIM


text: We collaborate with third parties to assess the effectiveness of our cybersecurity prevention and response systems and processes through various penetration testing and best practice reviews. These include cybersecurity assessors, consultants, and other external cybersecurity experts to assist in the identification, verification, and validation of cybersecurity risks, as well as to support associated mitigation plans when necessary. We are aware that cybersecurity is a continually changing landscape and as a result, the engagement with these experts helps us evaluate our risk-based processes with respect to the trends.


text: Cybersecurity threats, including those resulting from any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected our Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. We do not believe that cybersecurity threats resulting from any previous cybersecurity incidents of which we are aware are reasonably likely to materially affect our Company. Refer to the risk factor captioned "Security and privacy breaches may expose us to liability and harm our reputation and business " in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for additional description of cybersecurity risks and potential related impacts on our Company.


text: Our board of directors oversees our risk management process, including as it pertains to cybersecurity risks, directly and through its committees. The Audit Committee of the board oversees our risk management program, which focuses on the most significant risks we face in the short-, intermediate-, and long-term timeframe. Audit Committee meetings include discussions of emerging industry-wide trends in cybersecurity risks along with specific risk areas our company has greater risks throughout the year, including, among others, those relating to cybersecurity threats. These reports come from the Company's Chief Information and Operations Officer (the "Head of IT") to include our enterprise risk profile on a quarterly basis. The Audit Committee reviews our cybersecurity risk profile with management on a periodic basis using key performance and/or risk indicators. These key performance indicators are industry-standard metrics and measurements designed to assess the effectiveness of our cybersecurity program in the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents.


text: We take a risk-based approach to cybersecurity and have implemented cybersecurity policies throughout our operations that are designed to address cybersecurity threats and incidents. The Company's Head of IT is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of our cybersecurity program, as well as the assessment and management of cybersecurity risks. The current Head of IT has over 20 years of experience in information security and possesses the requisite education, skills and experience expected of an individual assigned to these duties. In addition to individual skills, the Head of IT has partnered with several third-party Cybersecurity experts to identify new areas of risk and the latest trends in security tools and methods.


text: Risk Management and Strategy We maintain standard procedures to help assess, identify and manage material risk posed by cybersecurity threats and regularly evaluate how we can integrate these procedures into our overall risk management processes. For example, we require that all of our employees who have access to our internal network complete formal cybersecurity training upon hire and on a periodic basis, including training on phishing, malware, and other cybersecurity risks. We also continuously evaluate our information technology systems and our practices that relate to our information technology systems. To date, we have not engaged any assessors, consultants, auditors or other third parties in connection with these efforts but may elect to do so in the future.


text: To the extent we identify areas in our information systems that need improvement, we seek to timely implement and monitor such improvements. While we believe that we have taken appropriate security measures to protect our data and information technology systems, and have been informed by our third-party vendors that they have as well, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent breakdowns or breaches in our systems, or those of our third-party vendors, that could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. For additional information regarding whether risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, see Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


text: One of the functions of our Board is to identify principal risks of the Company and ensure implementation of appropriate systems to manage these risks, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Board works with members of management to identify and manage these risks, including cybersecurity risks. We currently employ a qualified Director of Information Technology and Data Management Systems who reports to our Chief Executive Officer. This employee has over 20 years of experience with cybersecurity, information technology development and deployment and information technology risk assessment and management, including information security management.


text: We contract with external firms to assess the Company's cybersecurity framework. In connection therewith, such firms conduct cybersecurity risk assessments, cybersecurity incident response, provide internal and external penetration testing and ongoing training to our Cybersecurity Group. The Company maintains a cybersecurity insurance policy. Additionally, we use processes to oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party technology and systems and third-party service providers.


text: As part of our risk management process, we conduct application security assessments, vulnerability management, penetration testing, security audits, and ongoing risk assessments. The Company maintains a variety of incident response plans that would be deployed in the event that a cybersecurity incident were detected. We require all of our employees to undertake data protection and cybersecurity training and compliance programs on an annual basis, which are administered and tracked through online learning modules.


text: Our critical business systems are fully redundant and backed up at separate locations. Separate business and SCADA networks allow for isolation of potential threats and enhance the security of these systems. We maintain a dedicated SCADA department, staffed around the clock, to evaluate and respond to significant events and incidents that may impact our pipeline operations. Anti-virus solutions are deployed on our SCADA systems and workstations in our data centers and control centers.


text: Our Cybersecurity Group oversees our policies and procedures for protecting our cybersecurity infrastructure and for compliance with applicable data protection and security regulations, and related risks. Our Director of IT Infrastructure, who has extensive cybersecurity knowledge, training and skills gained from over 30 years of work experience on cybersecurity and from technology leadership roles in the energy industry, heads the Cybersecurity Group responsible for implementing and maintaining our cybersecurity and data protection practices. The Director of IT Infrastructure reports directly to our Chief Financial Officer.


text: Significant threats are reviewed by the Cybersecurity Group to determine whether further escalation is appropriate. Any cybersecurity threat or incident assessed as potentially being or potentially becoming material is immediately escalated for further assessment and reported to designated members of our executive management team; namely our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, who, in addition to the Director of IT Infrastructure, are responsible for overseeing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Further, the Company provides an annual cybersecurity assessment to ArcLight.


text: To date, our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected, nor are they reasonably likely to be affected by risks from cybersecurity incidents or threats. Despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats or provide assurance that we will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents. For more information on our cybersecurity related risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


text: We have a cross-departmental approach to addressing cybersecurity risk, including input from our Board of Directors (the "Board"), Audit Committee, employees and third-party experts. The Board, Audit Committee, and senior management devote significant resources to cybersecurity and risk management processes to adapt to the changing cybersecurity landscape and respond to emerging threats in a timely and effective manner. We regularly assess the threat landscape and take a holistic view of cybersecurity risks, with a layered cybersecurity strategy based on prevention, detection and mitigation. Our information technology ("IT") team reviews cybersecurity risks periodically, and we have a set of Company-wide policies and procedures concerning cybersecurity matters, including policies related to encryption standards, remote access, multi factor authentication, confidential information, the use of the internet, social media, email and wireless devices and incident response. These policies go through an internal review process by members of management and appropriate Board committees, as applicable.

companyName: Lulu's Fashion Lounge Holdings, Inc.

ticker: LVLU


text: The Company's President and Chief Information Officer, who has a Certified Chief Information Security Officer certification and over a decade of experience leading information and cyber security oversight, is responsible for developing and implementing our information security program, overseeing our IT team and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Audit Committee. We view cybersecurity as a shared responsibility, and we consult with third-party resources and advisors as needed on information security maturity assessments, penetration testing, dark web reviews, best practices to address new challenges, and, when applicable, digital forensics. All employees are required to complete annual information security trainings and have access to more frequent online information security trainings.


text: The Bank, as part of its risk management process, has implemented an information security program that encompasses the Bank's cybersecurity efforts. The Bank's goals of confidentiality, availability and integrity of its information are key to this process and program. The Bank's goals of protecting confidential information and safeguarding our digital assets are foundational objectives of the program.

companyName: Catalyst Bancorp, Inc.

ticker: CLST


text: Vulnerability Management Process. Regular internal and external vulnerability scanning is conducted at varying intervals to proactively identify configuration weaknesses, missing patches and other vulnerabilities in the Company's information systems environment. Identified vulnerabilities are classified and scored based on severity, known exploitation or malware impacting the vulnerability, and the age in the environment. We prioritize the patching of critical and severe vulnerabilities.

companyName: John Marshall Bancorp, Inc.

ticker: JMSB


text: We continue to prioritize our investments in IT security, including additional end-user training, using layered defenses, identifying and protecting critical assets, strengthening monitoring and alerting capabilities and engaging experts. We regularly test defenses by performing simulations and drills at both a technical level (including through penetration tests) and by reviewing our operational policies and procedures with third-party experts. At the management level, our IT security team regularly monitors alerts and meets to discuss threat levels, trends and remediation. Further, we conduct periodic external penetration tests, bug bounty hackathons and maturity assessments to assess our processes and procedures and the threat landscape. These tests and assessments are useful tools for maintaining a robust cybersecurity program to protect our investors, customers, employees, vendors and intellectual property. In addition to assessing our own cybersecurity preparedness, the Audit Committee and the IT security team also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with use of third-party service providers.


text: Our Board previously had a Technology and Innovation Committee which oversaw jointly, alongside the Audit Committee, matters of technology, innovation, cybersecurity and information security. The Technology and Innovation Committee was dissolved in September 2024 as part of the Company's Board restructuring and its responsibilities were redistributed to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee and the full Board actively participate in discussions with management and amongst themselves regarding cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee receives quarterly cybersecurity reports, which include a review of key performance indicators, test results and related remediation, and recent threats and how the Company is managing those threats. The Audit Committee oversees cybersecurity disclosures and receives periodic reports from management and the IT team. Further, the Audit Committee periodically discusses the Company's actions to identify and detect threats, as well as its cybersecurity strategic roadmap.


text: In the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats or provide assurances that we have not experienced undetected cybersecurity incidents. For additional information about these risks, see "Risks Related to Our Technology Infrastructure" in Item 1A-Risk Factors.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have established certain processes for identifying, evaluating, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats as a part of our overall technology management strategy. These processes are designed and reassessed on a periodic basis to help protect our technology assets and operations from internal and external security threats. We also engage with third parties, including consultants, to enhance our security processes.

companyName: MUSTANG BIO, INC.

ticker: MBIO


text: We have previously engaged and currently engage third parties to assess the effectiveness of our cybersecurity and technology management strategy and continue to seek to implement new, and improve existing, processes regularly to adjust for changes in technology, internal or external threats, business strategy, and regulatory requirements. We, and our third parties, have deployed managed detection and response services to monitor our technology infrastructure and information systems for possible threats. Our technology management strategy also includes ongoing security training and education for employees regarding threats, including their role and responsibility in detecting and responding to such threats.


text: We review the processes of our third-party vendors and consider their ability to adhere to relevant industry practices and maintain adequate technology risk programs. In addition, we maintain cyber and cyber-related crime insurance coverage policies as part of our overall risk management strategy, however, our policies may not be sufficient to cover against all potential future claims, if any.


text: In the last two fiscal years, we have not identified cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Although we proactively attempt to prevent all threats, we are unable to eliminate all risk from cybersecurity threats or provide assurance that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, please see Item 1A. Risk Factors "Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks, or deficiencies in our or third parties' cybersecurity."


text: Cybersecurity Governance While our board of directors is responsible for oversight and risk management in general, our Audit Committee provides oversight of our technology management strategy to ensure that cybersecurity threats and risks are identified, evaluated, and managed. The Audit Committee receives periodic updates from our management team regarding the overall state of our technology management strategy and any relevant risks from cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents.


text: Our management team is responsible for assessing and managing the material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our management team members have expertise in information systems, compliance and corporate governance, which we believe are disciplines that are effective in the management of the Company's cybersecurity risk. Our management team is informed of and monitors the prevention, detection, and mitigation of cybersecurity threats and incidents.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program includes: risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise information technology environment;

companyName: BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc.

ticker: BTAI


text: The Boards of Directors of the Company and Bank and the Audit Committee of the Company are responsible for ultimate oversight of cybersecurity risks managed daily by management pursuant to the Bank's information security program. The Boards of Directors annually approve this information security program and regularly receive a report from the Bank's Information Security Officer that outlines the steps undertaken to protect the information and data assets of the Bank and Company. Additionally, the Information Security Officer updates the Boards of Directors through supplementary reports on issues related to Cybersecurity readiness.


text: The Bank's information security program is developed and implemented by the Bank's Information Security Officer. Together with the Bank's Information Technology Committee, comprised of relevant information technology and business unit stakeholders within Bank management, the Information Security Officer of the Bank works to manage, control and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The Bank's employees are regularly trained on cybersecurity awareness, and testing is performed to monitor the success of the training. The Board of Directors receives training annually.


text: The Bank engages trusted third parties to audit and examine its processes, review the security of its network infrastructure, and assist the Bank in designing and implementing robust cybersecurity systems. These trusted third parties help the Bank improve and test its cybersecurity readiness. The Bank engages third-party vendors to monitor and test its network infrastructure. These third-party vendors take an active role in ensuring that the Bank's systems are protected by testing, reviewing and advising the Bank to strengthen cybersecurity controls when necessary.


text: The Bank has a vendor oversight risk management process that helps to validate the security and integrity of information collected and maintained by third-party vendors that the Bank uses to provide banking services. A key goal of the Bank's vendor management program includes assessing risks, which include but are not limited to operational, strategic, reputational, cyber, and credit risks. These processes are supported by specialized vendors that assist the Bank's management and Board of Directors with properly assessing these risks. Finally, the Bank also has an incident response and business continuity program that is intended to address operational concerns, including cybersecurity risks, during contingency scenarios that may create unknown circumstances. This program is tested annually.


text: Although the Company and Bank have not, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, experienced a cybersecurity threat or incident that materially affected their business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, there can be no guarantee that the Company or Bank will not experience such an incident in the future.


text: As regulated financial institutions, the Company and Bank are also subject to financial privacy laws and their cybersecurity practices are subject to oversight by the federal banking agencies. For additional information, see "Supervision and Regulation –Cybersecurity" included in Part I. Item 1 – Business of this report.


text: Cybersecurity risk is a significant operational risk facing our business. Cybersecurity risks result from intentional malicious attacks or unintentional acts that result in an impact to the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our clients' or third parties' operations, systems or data. Cybersecurity risk management is an integral element of the Company's overall risk management strategy.


text: Management assesses and manages material risks from cybersecurity threats through designated management positions and committees that are responsible for overseeing technology and information security. Our Chief Technology and Information Security Officer ensures the coordinated and consistent implementation of risk management initiatives and strategies on a frequent basis with our Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Results of the information and cybersecurity efforts and recommendations are reported by the Chief Technology and Information Security Officer to the IT Steering Committee, Risk Management Committee and Board of Directors no less than quarterly. The Audit Committee is primarily responsible for overseeing risk management, including risks associated with cybersecurity and potential threats thereto. Our management is directly involved in assessing and managing cybersecurity risks.


text: The Company uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity framework ("NIST CF") for improving critical infrastructure by measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of information and cybersecurity controls. We utilize Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards, and other applicable standards, laws, and regulations. We have various processes for risk assessment, vulnerability management, threat management, independent penetration testing, security architecture, access management, network security management, and security event monitoring and security awareness. Certain processes involve the use of third parties.


text: Risk Assessment Process. On an annual basis, a risk assessment and maturity analysis is performed for the Company based on the NIST CSF Framework. The risk assessment takes into consideration a combination of risks related to the identification, prevention, detection, response, and recovery from cyber events. The risk assessment considers the inherent risk and controls implemented at the Company and measures the residual risk to ensure it is within the Company's risk tolerance.


text: a management team responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;


text: Threat Management Process. In addition to the regular and routine vulnerability scanning, the Company relies on various threat intelligence feeds for the identification and awareness of potential threats that could impact the Company's environment. Using third party vendors to assist, threats are integrated into our monitoring solutions, email filtering, web-browsing controls, malware detection, and perimeter firewalls to proactively prevent, detect and deter threats with the capability to impact the Company environment. We continually enhance the cybersecurity capabilities based on evolving threats. We have adopted an incident response plan that applies in the event of a cybersecurity threat or incident.


text: Independent Penetration Testing. On an annual basis, we engage with an independent third-party provider to perform various penetration tests of the environment. The penetration tests look at our customer facing applications, how we respond to social engineering activities, overall external attack surface and internal vulnerabilities. Issues identified from the penetration tests are tracked and escalated to ensure appropriate remediation occurs before closure.


text: Security Architecture. To ensure the secure configuration, design, and implementation of our internally hosted and third-party hosted systems, security architecture reviews are conducted. The architecture reviews entail utilizing best practices and the involvement of third party experts, as well as internal Information Security personnel and third-party vendor contacts to ensure the implementation is meeting policies, is configured with strong security practices, and utilizes appropriate access controls.


text: Access Management. Utilizing a least privilege, need-to-know access methodology, access is controlled through a centralized user access management function responsible for the provisioning, transfer and de-provisioning of users' access. Access management also performs routine reviews of application and systems access to ensure access remains appropriate. For third-party hosted environments, access management works with security architecture to ensure single sign-on controls are employed or additional factors are utilized to prevent unauthorized access to these environments.


text: Network Security Management. The security of the Company's network infrastructure is maintained via the use of some network segmentation to isolate access to certain applications and systems, email filtering to identify spam, malware, and phishing messages in received email messages, data loss prevention controls to prevent the theft, or mass exfiltration of data, Virtual Private Networks to control remote access to our network, network access controls are in place to prevent unauthorized assets from connecting to the network, and web filtering.


text: Security Event Monitoring. The Chief Technology and Information Security Officer and Information Security personnel work together as centralized security monitoring team and are responsible for the response to alerts generated from a consolidated log collection system. Log collection occurs from various assets and hosted environments. The 24 x 7 monitoring is third-party provided security information and event management tool, and enables threat identification, detects suspicious activity in the environment using a nationally recognized, third-party framework, performs user behavior analytics, and endpoint detection and response. Alerts are investigated to ascertain whether a cyber-incident is occurring or not.


text: Security Awareness. Quarterly training is conducted for continuing education for all employees and monthly phishing tests are administered. We also email and post articles on our intranet of common attack schemes for our employees awareness. An annual cyber report is presented to the Board of Directors with monthly cyber reports.


text: Our Vendor Management Policy contains policies and procedures to follow when utilizing external third-parties and due diligence is performed over new vendors prior to engaging in services. Vendor Management ensures key risk components are mitigated based on acceptable Company standards. Any third parties used in any cybersecurity processes are vetted through our vendor management process.


text: Risks from Cybersecurity threats or previous incidents have not materially affected business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. A vendor management report is presented to the Board of Directors on an annual basis by the Chief Technology and Information Security Officer.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan.


text: We designed and assessed our program based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework. This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we used the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.


text: We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For more information, see the section titled "Risk Factors— Business interruptions could adversely affect future operations, revenues, and financial conditions, and may increase our costs and expenses."


text: Cybersecurity Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee (the "Committee") oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Committee oversees management's implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program.


text: The Committee receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Committee, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.


text: The Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The full Board also receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from the internal Security Incident Management Team or external experts as part of the Board's continuing education on topics that impact public companies.


text: Our Security Incident Management Team, which includes our Chief Financial Officer, the Executive Director of Information Technology, Chief Legal Officer and the Quality Assurance Director, has approximately 30 combined years of risk management experience and is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our Security Incident Management Team's experience includes prior work experience in cybersecurity; financial management and controls, data quality assurance and liability and risk management.


text: Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment.


text: We recognize the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of customers, clients, business partners and employees toward our business and are committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our business operations and systems. Our board of directors is actively involved in oversight of our risk management activities, and cybersecurity represents an important element of our overall approach to risk management. Our cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices are based on recognized frameworks such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") and other similar industry standards. In general, we seek to address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach that is focused on preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store by identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur.

companyName: NETLIST INC

ticker: NLST


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy; Effect of Risk We face risks related to cybersecurity such as unauthorized access, cybersecurity attacks and other security incidents, including as perpetrated by hackers and unintentional damage or disruption to hardware and software systems, loss of data, and misappropriation of confidential information. To identify and assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, we maintain a comprehensive cybersecurity program to ensure our systems are effective and prepared for information security risks, including regular oversight of our programs for security monitoring for internal and external threats to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of our information assets. We consider risks from cybersecurity threats alongside other company risks as part of our overall risk assessment process. We employ a range of tools and services, including regular network and endpoint monitoring, audits, vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, threat modeling and tabletop exercises to inform our risk identification and assessment. As discussed in more detail under "Cybersecurity Governance; Management" below, our board of directors provides oversight of our cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes, which are led by our Chief Financial Officer and Senior Director of IT and Security.


text: We also identify our cybersecurity threat risks by comparing our processes to standards set by NIST. To provide for the availability of critical data and systems, maintain regulatory compliance, manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats, and protect against and respond to cybersecurity incidents, we or third-party service providers undertake the following activities: monitor emerging data protection laws and implement changes to our processes that are designed to comply with such laws;


text: through our policies, practices and contracts (as applicable), require employees, as well as third parties that provide services on our behalf, to treat confidential information and data with care;


text: employ technical safeguards that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence;


text: Our processes also address cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, including our suppliers and manufacturers or who have access to employee data or our systems. In addition, cybersecurity considerations affect the selection and oversight of our third-party service providers. We perform diligence on third parties that have access to our systems, data or facilities that house such systems or data, and continually monitor cybersecurity threat risks identified through such diligence.


text: We describe whether and how risks from identified cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, under the heading "Difficulties with our global information technology systems, including any unauthorized access or cyber-attacks, could harm our business" which disclosures are incorporated by reference herein.


text: In the last three fiscal years, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents and the expenses we have incurred from cybersecurity incidents were immaterial. This includes penalties and settlements, of which there were none.


text: Cybersecurity Governance; Management Cybersecurity is an important part of our risk management processes and an area of focus for our board of directors and management. Our board of directors is responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats.


text: Our sole director, who also serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer, regularly receives updates from other members of management regarding our cybersecurity threat risk management and strategy processes covering topics such as data security posture, progress towards pre-determined risk-mitigation-related goals, our incident response plan, and material cybersecurity threat risks or incidents and developments, as well as the steps management has taken to respond to such risks. In these sessions, our sole director generally receives materials that include a cybersecurity dashboard and other materials discussing current and emerging material cybersecurity threat risks, and describing our ability to mitigate those risks, as well as recent developments, evolving standards, technological developments and information security considerations arising with respect to our peers and third parties, and discusses such matters with our Chief Financial Officer. Our sole director also receives prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets establishing reporting thresholds, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such incident until it has been addressed.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes, which are discussed in greater detail above, are led by our Chief Financial Officer and Senior Director of IT and Security. Such individuals have over 30 years of prior work experience in various roles involving managing information security, developing cybersecurity strategy, implementing effective information and cybersecurity programs. These management team members are informed about and monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including the operation of our incident response plan. As discussed above, these management team members report to our sole director about cybersecurity threat risks, among other cybersecurity related matters, on a regular basis.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan.

companyName: MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

ticker: MSAI


text: We design and assess our program based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (the "NIST CSF"). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the NIST CSF as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program includes: risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;


text: the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;


text: cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management; and a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents.


text: In addition, we have engaged cybersecurity consultants, unaffiliated with our MSP, to advise management, assess our technology tools and review our cybersecurity practices. Our consultants utilized the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework to assess our cybersecurity risk and governance practices. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework enables organizations, regardless of size, to apply principles and best practices of risk management to improve security and resilience.

companyName: ClearSign Technologies Corp

ticker: CLIR


text: We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. See " Risk Factors – We are subject to cybersecurity risks to operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, firmware in our thermal infrared technology and customer data processed by us or third-party vendors or suppliers and any material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident or breach of security could prevent us from effectively operating our business."


text: Cybersecurity Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee (the "Committee") oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Committee oversees management's implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program.


text: The Committee receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Committee, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.


text: The Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The full Board also receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program.


text: Our management team is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants.


text: Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.


text: Risk Management and Strategy Our risk management program is designed to identify, assess, and mitigate risks across various aspects of the Company, including financial, operational, regulatory, reputational, and legal. Cybersecurity is a critical component of this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and potential of cyber threats. Our Information Technology Officer is primarily responsible for this cybersecurity component and is a key member of the risk management organization, reporting directly to the President and, as discussed below, periodically to our board of directors.

companyName: PFS Bancorp, Inc.

ticker: PFSB


text: Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our system or information. The structure of our information security program is designed around the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework, regulatory guidance, and other industry standards. In addition, we leverage certain industry and government associations, third-party benchmarking, audits, and threat intelligence fees to facilitate and promote program effectiveness. Our Information Technology Officer and Information Security Officer, who report directly to our board of directors, regularly collaborate with peer banks, industry groups, and policymakers to discuss cybersecurity trends and issues and identify best practices. The information security program is reviewed by such personnel with the goal of addressing changing threats and conditions.


text: We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive strategy that embraces a "trust by design" philosophy when designing new products, services, and technology. We leverage people, processes, and technology as part of our efforts to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We also employ a variety of preventative and detective tools designed to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on suspected advanced persistent threats. We have established processes and systems designed to mitigate cyber risk, including regular and on-going education and training for employees, preparedness simulations and tabletop exercises, and recovery and reliance tests. We engage in regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems, and network architecture, using third-party cybersecurity experts. We also maintain a third-party risk management program designed to identify, assess, and manage risks, including cybersecurity risks, associated with external service providers and our supply chain. We also actively monitor our email gateways for malicious phishing email campaigns and monitor remote connections. We leverage external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review our processes, systems, and controls, including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness and make recommendations to strengthen our risk management program.


text: We maintain an Incident Response Plan that provides a documented framework for responding to actual or potential cybersecurity incidents, including timely notification of and escalation to the appropriate Board-approved management committees, as discussed further below, and to the board of directors. The Incident Response Plan is coordinated through the Information Technology Officer and key members of management are embedded into the Plan by its design. The Incident Response Plan facilitates coordination across multiple parts of our organization and is evaluated at least annually.


text: Notwithstanding our defensive measures and processes, the threat posed by cyber-attacks is severe. Our internal systems, processes, and controls are designed to mitigate loss from cyber-attacks and, while we have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected our company.


text: Our Information Technology Officer is accountable for managing our enterprise information security function and delivering our information security program. The responsibilities of this position include cybersecurity risk assessment, defense operations, incident response, vulnerability assessment, threat intelligence, identity access governance, third-party risk management, and business resilience. The foregoing responsibilities are covered on a day-to-day basis by a first line of defense function, and our second line of defense function, including the Information Security Officer, provides guidance, oversight, monitoring and challenge of the first line's activities. The second line of defense function is separated from the first line of defense function through organizational structure and ultimately reports directly to the board of directors. The function, as a whole, consists of information security professionals with varying degrees of education and experience. Individuals responsible, including third-party vendors, are generally subject to professional education and certification requirements.


text: Our board of directors has approved management committees including the Information Technology Committee, which focuses on technology impact, and its business impact. This committee provides oversight and governance of the technology program and the information security program. This committee is chaired by the Information Technology Officer and includes the Information Security Officer and the Chief Operations Officer. This committee generally meets monthly to provide oversight of the risk management strategy, standards, policies, practices, controls, and mitigation and prevention efforts employed to manage security risks. More frequent meetings occur from time to time in accordance with the Incident Response Plan in order to facilitate timely informing and monitoring efforts. The Information Technology Officer reports summaries of key issues, including significant cybersecurity and/or privacy incidents, discussed at committee meetings and the actions taken to the board of directors on a quarterly basis (or more frequently as may be required by the Incident Response Plan).


text: The board of directors is responsible for overseeing our information security and technology programs, including management's actions to identify, assess, mitigate, and remediate or prevent material cybersecurity issues and risks. Our Information Technology Officer Information Security Officer provide quarterly reports to the board of directors regarding the information security program and the technology program, key enterprise cybersecurity initiatives, and other matters relating to cybersecurity processes. The board of directors reviews and approves our information security and technology budgets and strategies annually. Additionally, the board of directors reviews our cybersecurity risk profile on a quarterly basis.


text: We have a multilayered framework for assessing, identifying, detecting and responding to reasonably foreseeable cybersecurity risks and threats. To protect our information technology, or IT, systems from cybersecurity threats, we use various security tools that help prevent, identify, escalate, investigate, resolve and recover from identified vulnerabilities and security incidents in a timely manner. In the event of a material change to our systems or operations, we would conduct an assessment of the internal and external threats to the security, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data and systems, along with other material risks to our operations. We leverage third-party security services for audit, benchmarking, and improvement and use various tools and methodologies to manage cybersecurity risks that are tested regularly, including a cybersecurity assessment guided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework and ongoing security awareness training. We oversee third-party service providers by conducting vendor diligence upon onboarding and ongoing monitoring. Vendors are assessed for risk based on the nature of their digital footprint, company profile, domain name services health, internet protocol reputation, external access threats and social engineering landscapes, based on that assessment, we conduct diligence that may include completing security questionnaires, onsite evaluation, and scans or other technical evaluations. We also monitor and evaluate our cybersecurity posture and performance on an ongoing basis through regular vulnerability scans, simulated phishing tests, penetration tests, and threat intelligence feeds. The results of these assessments are reported to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

companyName: IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS INC

ticker: IRWD


text: We have developed an incident response plan designed to coordinate the activities that we and our third-party service providers take to prepare to respond and recover from cybersecurity incidents, which include processes to triage, assess severity, investigate, escalate, contain, and remediate an incident, as well as to comply with potentially applicable legal obligations and mitigate any reputational damage.


text: Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such cybersecurity risks or any future material incidents. For more information on our cybersecurity-related risks, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


text: The Company's Senior Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer is responsible for managerial oversight of our cybersecurity program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and management. Our Senior Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer oversees the cybersecurity team, which include members of our internal IT department and is also supported by third-party service providers.


text: We do not specifically utilize assessors, consultants, auditors, or other third parties to evaluate or enhance our cybersecurity programs. On an annual basis, our information technology risks, controls and procedures are reviewed by third-party experts as part of our Sarbanes-Oxley review and testing.


text: Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing our enterprise risk management activities in general, and each of our Board committees assists the Board in the role of risk oversight. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees our cybersecurity risk and receives regular reports, with a minimum frequency of once per year, from our Senior Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer on various cybersecurity matters, including risk assessments, mitigation strategies, areas of emerging risks, incidents and industry trends, and other areas of importance. Promptly after becoming aware of a material cybersecurity incident affecting our IT systems or data, the Audit Committee would work with management to formulate a mitigation plan and review compliance with such plan, as well as to ensure compliance with any external regulatory or disclosure requirements, including any disclosures of material cybersecurity breaches.


text: We have certain processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks, which are designed to help protect our information assets and operations from internal and external cyber threats, as well as secure our networks and systems. Such processes, which are effected principally through an outside information technology management/cybersecurity consultant and a computer security firm that we have engaged, include procedural and technical safeguards, response plans, incident simulations and routine review of our policies and procedures to identify risks and refine our practices. Our computer security firm serves as our managed security services provider, and its services include managed detection and response, incident management, managed security awareness and a quarterly risk assessment. Our information technology management/cybersecurity consultant has responsibility for managing detection and incident response in consultation with out our managed security services provider. We considered the internal risk oversight programs of our information technology management/cybersecurity consultant and our managed security services provider before engaging them. As part of our overall risk mitigation strategy, we also maintain cyber insurance coverage; however, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyber-attacks and other related breaches.

companyName: KALA BIO, Inc.

ticker: KALA


text: While we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks, in 2019 we were the subject of a successful phishing attempt. We do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.


text: The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, or the Audit Committee, provides direct oversight over cybersecurity risk. Our Audit Committee and Board of Directors receive periodic updates from our Chief Business Officer, together with our outside information technology management/cybersecurity consultant, and the Audit Committee and Board of Directors is notified between such updates regarding significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents.


text: Our Chief Business Officer is responsible for the management oversight of company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards and processes and works across relevant departments to assess and help prepare us to address cybersecurity risks. Our Chief Business Officer has many years of experience overseeing company-wide legal and compliance risks. Our Chief Business Officer is supported by our outside information technology management/cybersecurity consultant and our managed security services provider.


text: We have also established a cross-functional Cybersecurity Committee led by our Chief Business Officer serving as the chair and consisting of senior leaders within our organization. The Cybersecurity Committee, with assistance from our outside information technology management/cybersecurity consultant, oversees our cybersecurity policy, which includes risk assessment, investments in cybersecurity technologies, cybersecurity insurance and review of relevant information technology policies.


text: In an effort to deter and detect cyber threats, we provide all employees, including part-time and temporary employees, with periodic cybersecurity training. This training program covers timely and relevant topics, including social engineering, phishing, password protection, confidential data protection, asset use and mobile security, and educates employees on the importance of reporting all cybersecurity incidents immediately. We also use technology-based tools to mitigate cybersecurity risks and to bolster our employee-based cybersecurity programs.


text: We rely on our information technology to operate our business. As such, we have policies and processes designed to protect our information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, and resolve issues in a timely manner in the event of a cybersecurity threat or incident.

companyName: SmartKem, Inc.

ticker: SMTK


text: We have designed our business applications and hosting services to minimize the impact that cybersecurity incidents could have on our business and have identified back-up systems where appropriate. We seek to further mitigate cybersecurity risks through a combination of monitoring and detection activities, use of anti-malware applications, employee training, quality audits and communication and reporting structures, among other processes. We engage a third-party consultant to assist us with our cybersecurity risk management framework, including the monitoring and detection of cybersecurity threats and responding to any cybersecurity threats or incidents.. Our third-party consultant team is managed by our Chief Financial Officer who reports to the Audit Committee at the board level, as appropriate.


text: As of December 31, 2024, we have not identified an indication of a cybersecurity incident that would have a material impact on our business and consolidated financial statements.


text: Risk Management and Strategy We have established processes and policies for assessing, identifying and managing material risks posed by cybersecurity threats. Our processes and policies are based upon the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework and include a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan ("CIRP"). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the NIST as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.

companyName: SAGA COMMUNICATIONS INC

ticker: SGA


text: Our cybersecurity risk management processes, policies and CIRP are focused on (1) developing organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risks, (2) applying safeguards to protect our systems, (3) detecting the occurrence of a cybersecurity incident, (4) responding to a cybersecurity incident and (5) recovering from a cybersecurity incident. Where appropriate, these processes and policies are integrated into our overall risk management systems and processes. For instance, all of our employees with network access are required to complete information security and privacy training on an annual basis. We are continuously working to improve our information technology systems and provide employee awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks to enhance our levels of protection. We have engaged independent consultants and other third-parties to assist us in establishing and improving our policies. Our processes and policies include the identification of those third-party relationships which have the greatest potential to expose us to cybersecurity threats and, upon identification, we conduct additional due diligence as a part of establishing those relationships. We also maintain insurance coverage for cybersecurity insurance as part of our overall insurance portfolio. For a description and additional information concerning material cybersecurity risks we face, see Item lA Risk Factors - Information Technology and Cybersecurity Failures or Data Security Breaches Could Harm Our Business.


text: Cybersecurity and risks related to our information technology and other computer resources are an important focus of our Board of Directors' risk oversight. The Board has created a Cybersecurity Sub Committee of our Audit Committee for oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. Our Cybersecurity Sub Committee of our Audit Committee receives materials on a frequent basis to address the identification and status of information technology cybersecurity risks, and management, including our Chief Technology Officer (CTO), provides periodic updates to our Cybersecurity Sub Committee. The Sub Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities. The full Board also receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program.


text: The CTO is responsible for managing our information security team to ensure they are assessing and managing cybersecurity risks in accordance with our processes and procedures. Our CTO has over 25 years' experience managing enterprise information technology systems.


text: Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment. Pursuant to our CIRP, when a cybersecurity event has been identified through our detection processes, it is assessed in order to determine whether the event is a cybersecurity incident. Our CIRP designates the primary manager of a cybersecurity incident, describes the parties who should be informed about the incident and outlines the processes for containment, eradication, recovery and resolution of the incident. Depending on the severity and impact of a cybersecurity threat, members of our senior management team and Board of Directors are notified of an incident and kept informed of the mitigation and remediation of the incident.


text: We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data.


text: The audit and risk committee of our Board (the "Audit Committee") oversees risks related to cybersecurity, including the security of corporate information and the steps management takes to monitor and control these risks. Management regularly briefs the audit committee on our cybersecurity risk profile, potential threats, and continuous improvement initiatives. Our approach to managing cybersecurity risks is part of a continuous improvement process, both in the context of cybersecurity and broader operational risk management. This ongoing process, which includes employee training, is aimed at routinely reviewing and, as necessary, enhancing our oversight processes and tools to ensure they remain effective and resilient in their management of cybersecurity risk.


text: Risk Management and Strategy We engage a third-party Managed Service Provider ("MSP") to implement technology infrastructure and oversee its tactical operations. Our MSP employs multiple people with experience in technical leadership, system architecture, network infrastructure and cybersecurity. We believe using an MSP provides economies of scale for a smaller-sized company such as ours, by allowing us access to a broad range of experience and tool sets that would otherwise be difficult to acquire in-house. Our MSP uses specialized third-party services and tool sets for identifying, protecting against, and detecting cyber incidents. Through these services and tools, our detection capabilities include, but are not limited to, near real-time monitoring, intrusion detection systems, and advanced analytics to identify abnormal patterns of behavior. These third-party detection tools provide near real-time alerts, log aggregation, and threat intelligence feeds.


text: Material Impact of Cybersecurity Threats While to date we are not aware of any material information security breaches and have not incurred significant operating expenses related to information security breaches, we acknowledge the persistent and evolving nature of these threats, which have the potential to materially impact our business strategy, operations, and financial standing adversely. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors" under the risks related to our business section for more information. Our incident response practices require incident assessments to be conducted in concert with our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and MSP. This enables faster response and effective communication, including public disclosure if a material cybersecurity event were to occur.


text: Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy We have established certain processes for identifying, evaluating, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats as a part of our overall technology management strategy. These processes are designed and reassessed on a periodic basis to help protect our technology assets and operations from internal and external security threats. We also engage with third parties, including consultants, to enhance our security processes.

companyName: Fortress Biotech, Inc.

ticker: FBIO


text: We have previously engaged and currently engage third parties to assess the effectiveness of our cybersecurity and technology management strategy and continue to seek to implement new, and improve existing, processes regularly to adjust for changes in technology, internal or external threats, business strategy, and regulatory requirements. We, and our third parties, have deployed managed detection and response services to monitor our technology infrastructure and information systems for possible threats. Our technology management strategy also includes ongoing security training and education for employees regarding threats, including their role and responsibility in detecting and responding to such threats.


text: We review the processes of our third party vendors and consider their ability to adhere to relevant industry practices and maintain adequate technology risk programs. In addition, we maintain cyber and cyber-related crime insurance coverage policies as part of our overall risk management strategy, however, our policies may not be sufficient to cover against all potential future claims, if any.