UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 FORM 10-K
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
 Commission File Number 1-34073
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Maryland

 31-0724920

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 41 South High Street

 Columbus,

 Ohio
 43287

 (Address of principal executive offices)
 (Zip Code)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code ( 614) 480-2265
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of class
 Trading
 Symbol(s)

 Name of exchange on which registered

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 4.500% Series H Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)
 HBANP
 NASDAQ

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of 5.70% Series I Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)
 HBANM
 NASDAQ

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 6.875% Series J Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)

 HBANL

 NASDAQ

 Common Stock—Par Value $0.01 per Share
 HBAN
 NASDAQ

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Exchange Act. x Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes x No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large Accelerated Filer
 x
 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act)
 Yes x No
 The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023, determined by using a per share closing price of $10.78, as quoted by Nasdaq on that date, was $ 15,337,338,365. As of January 31, 2024, there were 1,448,345,863 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 outstanding.
 Documents Incorporated By Reference
 Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Shareholders' Meeting.

 HUNTINGTON BANCSHARES INCORPORATED

 Glossary of Acronyms and Terms

 Part I.

 Item 1.

 Business

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Part II.

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 [Reserved]

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Introduction

 Executive Overview

 Discussion of Results of Operations

 Risk Management and Capital:

 Risk Governance

 Credit Risk

 Market Risk

 Liquidity Risk

 Operational Risk

 Compliance Risk

 Capital

 Business Segment Discussion

 Additional Disclosures

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

 Part III.

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 Part IV.

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
 The following listing provides a comprehensive reference of common acronyms and terms used throughout the document:

 ACL
 Allowance for Credit Losses

 AFS
 Available-for-Sale

 ALCO
 Asset-Liability Management Committee

 ALLL
 Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

 AML
 Anti-Money Laundering

 AOCI
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 ASC
 Accounting Standards Codification

 ASU

 Accounting Standards Update

 ATM
 Automated Teller Machine

 AULC
 Allowance for Unfunded Lending Commitments

 Bank Secrecy Act
 Financial Recordkeeping and Reporting of Currency and Foreign Transactions Act of 1970

 Basel III
 Refers to the final rule issued by the Federal Reserve and OCC and published in the Federal Register on October 11, 2013

 BHC
 Bank Holding Company

 BHC Act
 Bank Holding Company Act of 1956

 BTFP

 Bank Term Funding Program

 Capstone Partners
 Capstone Enterprises LLC

 C&I
 Commercial and Industrial

 CCAR
 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

 CCB
 Capital Conservation Buffer

 CCPA
 California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020

 CDs
 Certificates of Deposit

 CDS

 Credit Default Swap

 CECL
 Current Expected Credit Losses

 CEO

 Chief Executive Officer

 CET1
 Common Equity Tier 1 on a Basel III basis

 CFO

 Chief Financial Officer

 CFPB
 Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection

 CISA
 Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act

 CMO
 Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

 CODM

 Chief Operating Decision Maker

 COVID-19
 Coronavirus Disease 2019

 CDP

 Carbon Disclosure Project

 CRA
 Community Reinvestment Act

 CRE
 Commercial Real Estate

 CRO

 Chief Risk Officer

 CRT

 Credit Risk Transfer

 DEI
 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

 DIF
 Deposit Insurance Fund

 Dodd-Frank Act
 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

 EAD
 Exposure at Default

 Economic Growth Act
 Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act

 4 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 ELT
 Executive Leadership Team

 EOP

 End of Period

 EPS
 Earnings Per Share

 ERM

 Enterprise Risk Management

 ESG
 Environmental, Social, and Governance

 EVE
 Economic Value of Equity

 FASB
 Financial Accounting Standards Board

 FCRA
 Fair Credit Reporting Act

 FDIA
 Federal Deposit Insurance Act

 FDIC
 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

 Federal Reserve
 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

 FHC
 Financial Holding Company

 FHLB
 Federal Home Loan Bank

 FICO
 Fair Isaac Corporation

 FinCEN
 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

 FINRA
 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

 FRB
 Federal Reserve Bank

 FRG
 Financial Recovery Group

 FTE
 Fully-Taxable Equivalent

 FTP
 Funds Transfer Pricing

 FVO
 Fair Value Option

 GAAP
 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America

 GDP
 Gross Domestic Product

 GLBA
 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

 HIC
 Huntington Investment Company

 HMDA
 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

 HTM
 Held-to-Maturity

 IRS
 Internal Revenue Service

 Last-of-Layer
 Last-of-layer is a fair value hedge of the interest rate risk of a portfolio of similar prepayable assets whereby the last dollar amount within the portfolio of assets is identified as the hedged item

 LCR
 Liquidity Coverage Ratio

 LFI Rating System
 Large Financial Institution Rating System

 LGD
 Loss Given Default

 LIBOR
 London Interbank Offered Rate

 LIHTC
 Low Income Housing Tax Credit

 LTV
 Loan-to-Value

 MBS
 Mortgage-Backed Securities

 MD&A
 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 MSA
 Metropolitan Statistical Area

 MSR
 Mortgage Servicing Right

 NAICS
 North American Industry Classification System

 NALs
 Nonaccrual Loans

 NCO
 Net Charge-off

 NII
 Net Interest Income

 NIM
 Net Interest Margin

 NM
 Not Meaningful

 NPAs
 Nonperforming Assets

 2023 Form 10-K 5

 OCC
 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

 OCI
 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 OCR
 Optimal Customer Relationship

 OFAC
 Office of Foreign Assets Control

 OLEM
 Other Loans Especially Mentioned

 OREO
 Other Real Estate Owned

 Patriot Act
 Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

 PCAOB
 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

 PCD
 Purchased Credit Deteriorated

 PD
 Probability of Default

 Plan
 Huntington Bancshares Retirement Plan

 PPP
 Paycheck Protection Program

 Problem Loans
 Includes nonaccrual loans and leases, accruing loans and leases past due 90 days or more, troubled debt restructured loans, and criticized commercial loans

 RBHPCG
 Regional Banking and The Huntington Private Client Group

 REIT
 Real Estate Investment Trust

 Riegle-Neal Act
 The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994

 ROC
 Risk Oversight Committee

 RPS

 Retirement Plan Services

 RV

 Recreational vehicle

 RWA
 Risk-Weighted Assets

 SBA
 Small Business Administration

 SCB
 Stress Capital Buffer

 SEC
 Securities and Exchange Commission

 SOFR
 Secured Overnight Financing Rate

 Tailoring Rules
 Refers to the Capital and Liquidity Tailoring Rule, which refers to changes to applicability thresholds for regulatory and capital and liquidity requirements, issued by the OCC, the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC, and the EPS Tailoring Rule, which refers to the Prudential Standards for Large Bank Holding Companies and Savings and Loan Holding, issued by the Federal Reserve

 TBA

 To Be Announced

 TCF
 TCF Financial Corporation

 TCFD
 Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures

 TDR
 Troubled Debt Restructuring

 Torana
 Digital Payments Torana, Inc.

 U.S. Treasury
 U.S. Department of the Treasury

 VIE
 Variable Interest Entity

 eXtensible Business Reporting Language

 6 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 When we refer to "Huntington," "we," "our," "us," and "the Company" in this report, we mean Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates that we refer only to the parent company, Huntington Bancshares Incorporated. When we refer to the "Bank" in this report, we mean our only bank subsidiary, The Huntington National Bank, and its subsidiaries.

 Item 1: Business

 General Business Description
 We are a multi-state diversified regional bank holding company organized under Maryland law in 1966 and headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Through the Bank, we are committed to making people's lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve, and we have been servicing the financial needs of our customers since 1866. Through our subsidiaries, we provide full-service commercial and consumer deposit, lending, and other banking services. These include, but are not limited to, payments, mortgage banking, automobile, recreational vehicle and marine financing, investment banking, capital markets, advisory, equipment financing, distribution finance, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. As of December 31, 2023, our 999 full-service branches and private client group offices are primarily located in Ohio, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Select financial services and other activities are also conducted in other states.
 Business Segments
 Our business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how we monitor results and assess performance. For each business segment, we expect the combination of our business model, investment in products and capabilities, and exceptional service to provide a competitive advantage that supports revenue and earnings growth. Our business model emphasizes the delivery of a complete set of banking products and services offered by larger banks but distinguished by local delivery and customer service.
 A key strategic emphasis has been for our business segments to operate in cooperation to provide products and services to our customers and to build stronger and more profitable relationships using our OCR sales and service process, which aligns to our vision to be the leading people-first, digitally powered bank. The objectives of OCR are to:
 • Use a consultative and advisory sales approach to provide solutions that are specific to each customer;
 • Leverage each business segment in terms of its products and expertise to benefit customers; and
 • Develop prospects who may want to have multiple products and services as part of their relationship with us.
 To align with our strategic priorities, during the second quarter of 2023, we completed an organizational realignment and now report on two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The organizational realignment primarily involved consolidating our previously reported Consumer and Business Banking, Vehicle Finance and RBHPCG, into one new business segment called Consumer & Regional Banking.
 Following is a description of our business segments and the Treasury / Other function:
 • Consumer & Regional Banking: The Consumer & Regional Banking segment provides a wide array of financial products and services to consumer and business customers including, but not limited to, deposits, lending, payments, mortgage banking, dealer financing, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. We serve our customers through our network of channels, including branches and ATMs, online and mobile banking, and through our customer call centers.
 We have a "Fair Play" banking philosophy: providing differentiated products and services, built on a strong foundation of customer friendly products and advocacy. Our brand resonates with consumers and businesses, helping us acquire new customers and deepen relationships with current customers. Our Fair Play banking suite of products includes 24-Hour Grace, Asterisk-Free Checking, Money Scout, $50 Safety Zone, Standby Cash, Early Pay, Instant Access, Savings Goal Getter and Huntington Heads Up.
 2023 Form 10-K 7

 Consumer & Regional Banking offers a comprehensive set of digitally powered consumer and business financial solutions to Consumer Lending, Regional Banking, Branch Banking, and Wealth Management customers.
 Consumer Lending provides direct and indirect consumer loans, as well as dealer finance loans and deposits. The direct consumer loan products, including mortgage and home equity, are originated through branch, online, and third-party channels. Indirect consumer loans are originated through deep relationships with dealerships to finance consumer purchases of automobiles, recreational vehicles, marine craft, and powersports. We also provide dealer finance loans (including floorplan loans), deposits, and other financial products to these dealerships and their owners.
 Regional Banking, along with our business and specialty banking offerings, is a dynamic part of our business and we are committed to being the bank of choice for businesses in our markets. Regional Banking is defined as serving small to mid-sized businesses. Beyond conventional lending solutions, Huntington offers access to capital markets, practice finance, and SBA lending capabilities. We are the #1 SBA lender in the nation by loan volume as of federal fiscal year end September 30, 2023. In addition, our payments business provides credit and debit cards and treasury management services to our customers. Huntington continues to develop products and services that are designed specifically to meet the needs of business customers and looks for ways to help companies find solutions to their financing needs.
 Branch Banking provides a full range of financial products and services to consumer and business customers through our extensive branch and ATM network. The branch network offers full-service branches that are primarily located in Ohio, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
 Wealth Management has a comprehensive product offering, including private banking, wealth management and legacy planning through investment and portfolio management, fiduciary administration and trust services, institutional custody services, and full-service retail brokerage investments.
 • Commercial Banking: The Commercial Banking segment provides expertise through bankers, capabilities, and digital channels, and includes a comprehensive set of product offerings. Our target clients span from mid-market to large corporates across a national footprint. The Commercial Banking segment leverages internal partnerships for wealth management, trust, insurance, payments, and treasury management capabilities. In particular, our payments capabilities continue to expand as we develop unique solutions for our diverse client segments, including Huntington ChoicePay. The Commercial Banking segment includes customers in Middle Market Banking, Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking, Asset Finance, Commercial Real Estate Banking, and Capital Markets.
 Middle Market Banking serves the banking needs of mid-sized clients, leveraging our local presence to serve our clients, and extending our full suite of banking products including lending, liquidity, treasury management and other payment services, and capital markets.
 Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking serves medium to large enterprises. We focus on specific industry verticals such as government and non-profits, healthcare, technology and telecommunications, franchises, financial sponsors, and global services. Our expertise in these markets allows us to uniquely serve our clients' sophisticated banking, capital markets, and payments requirements.
 Asset Finance serves our clients' capital expenditure and working capital needs through equipment financing, asset-based lending, distribution finance, structured lending, and municipal financing solutions. Our relationship with large manufacturers is bolstered by a strong commitment to their dealers and financing needs.
 Commercial Real Estate Banking provides banking solutions to commercial real estate developers and institutional sponsors across the nation. Within this group, Huntington Community Development improves the quality of life for our communities and the residents of low-to-moderate income neighborhoods by developing and delivering innovative products and services to support affordable housing and neighborhood stabilization, including tax credit investments.
 8 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Capital Markets delivers corporate risk management, institutional sales and trading, debt and equity issuance, and additional advisory services.
 • Treasury / Other: The Treasury / Other function includes technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 The financial results for each of these business segments are included in Note 25 - " Segment Reporting " of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and are discussed in the " Business Segment Discussion " of our MD&A.

 Competition
 We compete with other banks and financial services companies such as savings and loans, credit unions, and finance and trust companies, as well as mortgage banking companies, equipment and automobile financing companies (including captive automobile finance companies), insurance companies, mutual funds, investment advisors, brokerage firms, and non-bank lenders both within and outside of our primary market areas. Financial Technology Companies, or FinTechs, are also providing nontraditional, but increasingly strong, competition for our borrowers, depositors, and other customers.
 We compete for loans primarily on the basis of value and service by building customer relationships through addressing our customers' entire suite of banking needs, demonstrating expertise, and providing convenience. We also consider the competitive pricing levels in each of our markets.
 We compete for deposits similarly on the basis of value and service and by providing convenience through a banking network of branches and ATMs within our markets and our website at www.huntington.com. We employ customer friendly practices, such as a $50 Safety Zonesm, which prevents customers from being charged an overdraft fee if they overdraw by $50 or less, 24-Hour Grace account feature for both commercial and consumer accounts, which gives customers an additional business day to cover overdrafts to their account without being charged overdraft fees, Early Pay, which allows customers with direct deposit availability to their paycheck up to two days early, Instant Access, which allows up to $500 of a check deposit available to customers immediately, and Asterisk-Free Checking where there is no cost to open and no monthly maintenance fees. In addition, customers can qualify for Standby Cash based primarily on their checking deposit history, not their credit score, which provides a $100 to $500 short-term line of credit free with automatic payments, or a 1% monthly interest charge without automatic payments. Huntington also has created a feature called Money Scoutsm, which is a tool that analyzes a customer's spending habits and moves money that is not being used into that customer's savings account and have introduced tools including The Hub and Huntington Heads Up to provide customers greater visibility and control over their financial future. These measures fall under our approach of "Fair Play Banking."
 The table below shows our competitive ranking and market share based on deposits of FDIC-insured institutions as of June 30, 2023, in the top 10 MSAs in which we compete:

 MSA
 Rank
 (in millions)

 Market Share

 Columbus, OH
 $
 41,638
 %

 Detroit, MI
 16,844

 Cleveland, OH
 14,254

 Chicago, IL
 9,149

 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN
 6,565

 Grand Rapids, MI
 5,605

 Indianapolis, IN
 5,501

 Akron, OH
 5,054

 Cincinnati, OH
 4,497

 Pittsburgh, PA
 4,422

 Source: FDIC.gov, based on June 30, 2023 survey.

 2023 Form 10-K 9

 Many of our nonfinancial institution competitors have fewer regulatory constraints, broader geographic service areas, access to a larger pool of capital to deploy, and, in some cases, lower cost structures. In addition, competition for quality customers has intensified as a result of changes in regulation, advances in technology and product delivery systems, and consolidation among financial service providers.
 FinTechs continue to emerge in key areas of banking. In addition, larger established technology platform companies continue to evaluate, and in some cases, create businesses focused on banking products. We closely monitor activity in the marketplace to ensure that our products and services are technologically competitive. Further, we continue to invest in and evolve our innovation program to develop, incubate, and launch new products and services driving ongoing differentiated value for our customers. Our overall strategy involves an active corporate development program that seeks to identify partnership and possible investment opportunities in technology-driven companies that can augment our distribution and product capabilities.

 Regulatory Matters
 Regulatory Environment
 The banking industry is highly regulated. We are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by various federal and state regulators, including the Federal Reserve, OCC, SEC, CFPB, FDIC, FINRA, and various state regulatory agencies. The statutory and regulatory framework that governs us is generally intended to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole.
 Banking statutes, regulations, and policies are continually under review by Congress, state legislatures, and federal and state regulatory agencies. In addition to laws and regulations, state and federal bank regulatory agencies may issue policy statements, interpretive letters, and similar written guidance applicable to Huntington and its subsidiaries. Any change in the statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies applicable to us, including changes in their interpretation or implementation, could have a material effect on our business or organization.
 Huntington and the Bank each qualify as a Category IV banking organization subject to the least restrictive of the requirements applicable to firms with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets. Our business, however, remains subject to extensive regulation and supervision, and the U.S. banking agencies may issue additional rules to tailor the application of certain other regulatory requirements to BHCs and banks, including Huntington and the Bank. The scope of laws and regulations and the intensity of supervision to which we are subject has increased in response to the banking turmoil in early 2023, technological factors, market changes, and climate change concerns, and there is increased scrutiny and possible denials of bank mergers and acquisitions by federal banking regulators.
 We are also subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, both as administered by the SEC, as well as the rules of Nasdaq that apply to companies with securities listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
 The following discussion describes certain elements of the comprehensive regulatory framework applicable to us. This discussion is not intended to describe all laws and regulations applicable to Huntington, the Bank, and Huntington's other subsidiaries.
 Supervision, Examination and Enforcement
 Huntington is a BHC under the BHC Act that has elected to be a FHC. FHCs may engage in, and be affiliated with, companies engaging in a broader range of activities than those permitted for a BHC, so long as such activities are (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and that do not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of a depository institution or to the financial system generally. These activities include, for example, securities underwriting, securities dealing, making a market in securities, making merchant banking investments in non-financial companies, and engaging in insurance underwriting and agency activities. To become and remain eligible for FHC status, a BHC and its subsidiary depository institutions must meet certain criteria, including capital, management, and CRA requirements. Failure to meet such criteria could result, depending on which requirements were not met, in restrictions on new financial activities or acquisitions, or being required to discontinue existing activities that are not generally permissible for BHCs.
 10 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington is subject to primary supervision, regulation, and examination by the Federal Reserve, which serves as the primary regulator of our consolidated organization. The primary regulators of our non-bank subsidiaries directly regulate the activities of those subsidiaries, with the Federal Reserve exercising a supervisory role. Such non-bank subsidiaries include, for example, broker-dealers and investment advisers both registered with the SEC.
 The Bank is a national banking association chartered under the laws of the U.S. As a national bank, the activities of the Bank are limited to those specifically authorized under the National Bank Act and OCC regulations. The Bank is subject to comprehensive primary supervision, regulation, and examination by the OCC. As a member of the DIF, the Bank is also subject to regulation and examination by the FDIC.
 A principal objective of the U.S. bank regulatory regime is to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole by ensuring the financial safety and soundness of BHCs and banks, including Huntington and the Bank. Bank regulators regularly examine the operations of BHCs and banks. In addition, BHCs and banks are subject to periodic reporting and filing requirements.
 The Federal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC have broad supervisory and enforcement authority with regard to BHCs and banks, including the power to conduct examinations and investigations, impose nonpublic supervisory agreements, issue cease and desist orders, impose fines and other civil and criminal penalties, terminate deposit insurance, and appoint a conservator or receiver. In addition, Huntington, the Bank, and other Huntington subsidiaries are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by the CFPB, which is the primary administrator of most federal consumer financial statutes and Huntington's primary consumer financial regulator. Supervision and examinations are confidential, and the outcomes of these actions may not be made public.
 Bank regulators have various remedies available if they determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of a banking organization's operations are unsatisfactory. The regulators may also take action if they determine that the banking organization or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation. The regulators have the power to, among other things, (1) prohibit unsafe or unsound practices, (2) require affirmative actions to correct any violation or practice, (3) issue administrative orders that can be judicially enforced, (4) direct increases in capital, (5) direct the sale of subsidiaries or other assets, (6) limit dividends and distributions, (7) restrict growth, (8) assess civil monetary penalties, (9) remove officers and directors, and (10) terminate deposit insurance.
 Engaging in unsafe or unsound practices or failing to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and supervisory agreements could subject the Company, its subsidiaries, and their respective officers, directors, and institution-affiliated parties to the remedies described above, and other sanctions. In addition, the FDIC may terminate a bank's deposit insurance upon a finding that the bank's financial condition is unsafe or unsound or that the bank has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or has violated an applicable rule, regulation, order, or condition enacted or imposed by the bank's regulatory agency.
 Huntington is subject to the Federal Reserve's LFI Rating System, which places a greater emphasis on capital and liquidity, including related planning and risk management practices, as compared to the supervisory rating system applicable to smaller BHCs. These ratings are confidential.
 Bank Acquisitions by Huntington
 BHCs, such as Huntington, must obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve in connection with any acquisition that results in the BHC owning or controlling 5% or more of any class of voting securities of a bank or another BHC.
 Acquisitions of Ownership of the Company
 Acquisitions of Huntington's voting stock above certain thresholds are subject to prior regulatory notice or approval under federal banking laws, including the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Under the Change in Bank Control Act, a person or entity generally must provide prior notice to the Federal Reserve before acquiring the power to vote 10% or more of our outstanding common stock. Investors should be aware of these requirements when acquiring shares in our stock.
 2023 Form 10-K 11

 Interstate Banking
 Under the Riegle-Neal Act, a BHC may acquire banks in states other than its home state, subject to any state requirement that the bank has been organized and operating for a minimum period of time, not to exceed five years, and the requirement that the BHC not control, prior to or following the proposed acquisition, more than 10% of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions nationwide or, unless the acquisition is the BHC's initial entry into the state, more than 30% of such deposits in the state (or such lesser or greater amount set by the state). The Riegle-Neal Act also authorizes banks to merge across state lines, thereby creating interstate branches. A national bank, such as the Bank, with the approval of the OCC may open a branch in any state if the law of that state would permit a state bank chartered in that state to establish the branch.
 Enhanced Prudential Standards
 BHCs with consolidated assets of more than $100 billion, such as Huntington, are currently subject to certain enhanced prudential standards. As a result, Huntington is subject to more stringent standards, including liquidity and capital requirements, leverage limits, stress testing, resolution planning, and risk management standards, than those applicable to smaller institutions. Certain larger banking organizations are subject to additional enhanced prudential standards. As a Category IV banking organization, Huntington is subject to the least restrictive enhanced prudential standards applicable to firms with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets.
 Liquidity Requirements
 Huntington, as a Category IV banking organization with less than $50 billion in weighted short-term wholesale funding, is exempt from the LCR and net stable funding ratio requirements but continues to be subject to internal liquidity stress tests and standards.
 Long-term Debt Requirements
 In August 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule that would require certain large banking organizations such as Huntington to comply with long-term debt requirements and "clean holding company requirements" similar to those that currently only apply to U.S. global systemically important banking organizations. This proposal would also impose a long-term debt requirement on certain categories of insured depository institutions that are not consolidated subsidiaries of U.S. global systematically important banking organizations, including insured depository institutions with $100 billion or more in total assets, such as the Bank. If adopted, this proposal, would require Huntington and the Bank to each maintain a minimum outstanding eligible long-term debt amount of no less than the greater of (i) 6% of total risk-weighted assets, (ii) 2.5% of total leverage exposure (if subject to the supplementary leverage ratio), or (iii) 3.5% of average total consolidated assets. To comply with the requirement, the Bank would be required to issue the minimum amount of eligible long-term debt to Huntington, and Huntington would be required to issue the minimum amount of eligible long-term debt externally. The proposal allows banking organizations to include, as part of the required minimum outstanding eligible long-term debt amounts, certain existing long-term debt. Once the rule is finalized, covered institutions would have three years to comply with the new requirements following a phased-in approach, with 25% of the long-term debt requirement by one year after finalization of the rule, 50% after two years, and 100% after three years.
 In addition, if adopted as proposed, the "clean holding company requirements" would limit or prohibit Huntington from entering into certain transactions that could impede its orderly resolution, including, for example, prohibiting Huntington from entering into transactions that could spread losses to subsidiaries and third parties, as well as limiting the amount of the Company's liabilities that are not eligible long-term debt.
 Regulatory Capital Requirements
 Huntington and the Bank are subject to certain risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules adopted by the Federal Reserve, for Huntington, and by the OCC, for the Bank. These rules implement the Basel III international regulatory capital standards in the U.S., as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. These quantitative calculations are minimums, and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner.
 12 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington's and the Bank's assets, exposures, and certain off-balance sheet items are subject to risk weights used to determine the institutions' risk-weighted assets. These risk-weighted assets are used to calculate the following minimum capital ratios for Huntington and the Bank:
 • CET1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets. CET1 capital primarily includes common shareholders' equity subject to certain regulatory adjustments and deductions, including goodwill, intangible assets, certain deferred tax assets, and AOCI.
 • Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. Tier 1 capital is primarily comprised of CET1 capital, perpetual preferred stock, and certain qualifying capital instruments.
 • Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of total capital, including CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and Tier 2 capital, to risk-weighted assets. Tier 2 capital primarily includes qualifying subordinated debt and qualifying ALLL. Tier 2 capital also includes, among other things, certain trust preferred securities.
 • Tier 1 Leverage Ratio, equal to the ratio of Tier 1 capital to quarterly average assets (net of goodwill, certain other intangible assets, and certain other deductions).
 Huntington and the Bank elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital until January 1, 2022, pursuant to a rule that allowed BHCs and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2023, we have phased in 50% of the cumulative CECL deferral with the remaining impact to be recognized through the first quarter 2025.
 The total minimum regulatory capital ratios and well-capitalized minimum ratios are reflected in the table below in this section. The Federal Reserve has not yet revised the well-capitalized standard for BHCs to reflect the higher capital requirements imposed under the U.S. Basel III capital rules. For purposes of the Federal Reserve's Regulation Y, including determining whether a BHC meets the requirements to be an FHC, BHCs, such as Huntington, must maintain a Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio of 6.0% or greater and a Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio of 10.0% or greater. If the Federal Reserve were to apply the same or a very similar well-capitalized standard to BHCs as that applicable to the Bank, Huntington's capital ratios as of December 31, 2023, would exceed such revised well-capitalized standard. The Federal Reserve may require BHCs, including Huntington, to maintain capital ratios substantially in excess of mandated minimum levels, depending upon general economic conditions and a BHC's particular condition, risk profile, and growth plans.
 Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our operations or financial condition. Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could also result in restrictions on Huntington's or the Bank's ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital or to receive regulatory approval of applications.
 In addition to meeting the minimum capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington and the Bank must maintain the applicable capital buffer (SCB or CCB) requirements to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management. Huntington is subject to a SCB of 3.2% effective for the period October 1, 2023 through September 30, 2024. Refer to the SCB Requirements section below for further details. The Bank is subject to a CCB of 2.5%. The Tier 1 Leverage Ratio is not impacted by the SCB or CCB, and a banking institution may be considered well-capitalized while remaining out of compliance with the SCB or CCB.
 2023 Form 10-K 13

 The following table presents the minimum regulatory capital ratios, minimum ratio plus the capital buffer, and well-capitalized minimums compared with Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2023, calculated using the regulatory capital methodology applicable as of the end of 2023.

 Minimum Regulatory Capital Ratio
 Minimum Ratio + Capital Buffer (1)
 Well-Capitalized
 Minimums (2)

 Actual

 Ratios:

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 4.50
 %
 7.70
 %
 N/A
 10.25
 %

 Bank
 4.50
 7.00
 6.50
 %
 10.60

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 6.00
 9.20
 6.00
 11.98

 Bank
 6.00
 8.50
 8.00
 11.47

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 8.00
 11.20
 10.00
 14.17

 Bank
 8.00
 10.50
 10.00
 13.09

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 4.00
 N/A
 N/A
 9.32

 Bank
 4.00
 N/A
 5.00
 8.51

 (1) Reflects a SCB of 3.2% for Huntington and CCB of 2.5% for the Bank.
 (2) Reflects the well-capitalized standard applicable to Huntington under Federal Reserve Regulation Y and the well-capitalized standard applicable to the Bank.
 Huntington has the ability to provide additional capital to the Bank to maintain the Bank's risk-based capital ratios at levels which would be considered well-capitalized.
 As of December 31, 2023, Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios were above the well-capitalized standards and met the applicable capital buffer requirements.
 Basel III Endgame Proposal
 In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to implement the Basel III endgame agreement for large banks (Basel III Endgame Proposal). In addition to calculating risk-weighted assets under the current U.S. standardized approach, the proposal introduces a new "expanded risk-based approach." As compared with the standardized approach, the expanded risk-based approach includes more granular risk weights for credit risk and introduces a new market risk framework. The expanded risk-based approach also includes operational risk and credit valuation adjustment risk-weighted asset components. The proposal also would require the new market risk standards from the proposal be applied in the standardized approach.
 If adopted as proposed, Huntington would be required to calculate its risk-based capital ratios under both the current U.S. standardized approach and the expanded risk-based approach and would be subject to the lower of the two resulting ratios for each risk-based capital ratio. The proposal would also require banking organizations to recognize most elements of AOCI in regulatory capital, including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, and lower thresholds for deductions from CET1 capital for mortgage servicing assets and deferred tax assets, among other things. In addition, the proposal would apply the SCB to risk-based capital requirements calculated under both U.S. standardized approach and the expanded risk-based approach. The proposal includes a proposed effective date of July 1, 2025, with three-year transition arrangements until revised standards are fully phased in on July 1, 2028.
 Capital Planning and Stress Testing
 Huntington is required to develop, maintain, and submit to the Federal Reserve a capital plan every year, which is subject to supervisory review in connection with the Federal Reserve's CCAR process. Huntington is required to include within its capital plan an assessment of the expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over the nine-quarter planning horizon, a detailed description of the process for assessing capital adequacy, its capital policy, and a discussion of any expected changes to its business plan that are likely to have a material impact on its capital adequacy. Under the stress buffer requirements, the CCAR process is used to determine a BHC's SCB requirement. Please refer to the SCB Requirements section below for further details.
 14 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The Federal Reserve expects BHCs subject to CCAR, such as Huntington, to have sufficient capital to withstand a highly adverse operating environment and to be able to continue operations, maintain ready access to funding, meet obligations to creditors and counterparties, and serve as credit intermediaries. In addition, the Federal Reserve evaluates the planned capital actions of these BHCs, including planned capital distributions such as dividend payments or stock repurchases. This involves a quantitative assessment of capital based on supervisory-run stress tests that assess the ability to maintain capital levels above certain minimum ratios, after taking all capital actions included in a BHC's capital plan, under baseline and stressful conditions throughout the nine-quarter planning horizon. As part of CCAR, the Federal Reserve evaluates whether BHCs have sufficient capital to continue operations throughout times of economic and financial market stress and whether they have robust, forward-looking capital planning processes that account for their unique risks. We are generally prohibited from making a capital distribution unless, after giving effect to the distribution, we will meet all minimum regulatory capital ratios. Huntington may increase certain types of capital distributions in excess of the amount included in its capital plan without seeking prior approval from the Federal Reserve as long as it otherwise complies with the automatic restrictions on distributions under the Federal Reserve's capital rules.
 Although the Federal Reserve is no longer allowed to object to the capital plan of a large and non-complex BHC, such as Huntington, on a qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, basis, the Federal Reserve may evaluate the strength of Huntington's qualitative capital planning process through the regular supervisory process and targeted horizontal reviews of particular aspects of capital planning.
 SCB Requirements
 For risk-based capital requirements, Huntington, as a large BHC, is provided an SCB by the Federal Reserve that is determined annually based on the greater of (i) the difference between its starting and minimum projected CET1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus the sum of the dollar amount of Huntington's planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of the planning horizon as a percentage of risk-weighted assets, or (ii) 2.5%. On April 5, 2023, Huntington submitted its 2023 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve for supervisory review. By notice dated June 28, 2023, the Federal Reserve informed Huntington that, effective for the period of October 1, 2023 through September 20, 2024, its indicative SCB requirement associated with its 2023 Capital Plan is 3.2%, a decrease from its previous SCB of 3.3%. Although we were not subject to the Federal Reserve's 2023 supervisory stress test, our indicative SCB was updated for 2023 based on the dividend add-on component of the SCB.
 Huntington is authorized to make capital distributions that are consistent with the requirements in the Federal Reserve's capital rule, inclusive of the SCB requirement. Provided that Huntington is otherwise in compliance with automatic restrictions on distributions under the Federal Reserve's capital rules, Huntington is no longer required to seek prior approval to make capital distributions in excess of those included in its capital plan.
 Restrictions on Dividends
 Huntington is a legal entity separate and distinct from its banking and non-banking subsidiaries. Since our consolidated net income consists largely of net income of Huntington's subsidiaries, our ability to make capital distributions, including paying dividends and repurchasing shares, depends upon our receipt of dividends from these subsidiaries. Under federal law, there are various limitations on the extent to which the Bank can declare and pay dividends to Huntington, including those related to regulatory capital requirements, general regulatory oversight to prevent unsafe or unsound practices, and federal banking law requirements concerning the payment of dividends out of net profits, surplus, and available earnings. Certain contractual restrictions also may limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to Huntington. No assurances can be given that the Bank will, in any circumstances, pay dividends to Huntington.
 Huntington's ability to declare and pay dividends to our shareholders is similarly limited by federal banking law and Federal Reserve regulations and policy. As discussed in the Capital Planning section above, in general, a BHC may pay dividends and repurchase stock only in accordance with a capital plan that has been reviewed by the Federal Reserve and as to which the Federal Reserve has not objected.
 Huntington and the Bank must maintain the applicable capital buffer requirements to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions, including dividends. For more information on the capital buffer requirements, see the SCB Requirements and the Regulatory Capital Requirements sections above.
 2023 Form 10-K 15

 The Federal Reserve has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for a BHC to pay dividends unless a its net income is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with its capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve could prohibit or limit the payment of dividends by a BHC if it determines that payment of the dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
 Volcker Rule
 Under the Volcker Rule, we are prohibited from (1) engaging in short-term proprietary trading for our own account and (2) having certain ownership interests in and relationships with hedge funds or private equity funds (covered funds). The Volcker Rule regulations contain exemptions for market-making, hedging, underwriting, trading in U.S. government and agency obligations, and also permit certain ownership interests in certain types of covered funds to be retained. They also permit the offering and sponsoring of covered funds under certain conditions. The Volcker Rule regulations impose significant compliance and reporting obligations on banking entities, such as Huntington. We have put in place the compliance programs required by the Volcker Rule and any holdings in illiquid covered funds are in compliance with the Volcker Rule.
 Resolution Planning
 As a Category IV banking organization, Huntington is not required to submit a resolution plan to the Federal Reserve. As an insured depository institution, the Bank is required to file a resolution plan with the FDIC, and the Bank submitted its most recent resolution plan to the FDIC on November 30, 2022. In August 2023, the FDIC issued a proposed rule that would require covered insured depository institutions, such as the Bank, to submit a full resolution plan to the FDIC every two years and submit an interim supplement in each year that it is not required to submit a full resolution plan. The proposed rule would also increase the content requirements for plan submissions and introduce a new credibility standard for the FDIC's evaluation of resolution plans, which would be enforceable against the covered insured depository institutions.
 Source of Strength
 Huntington is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank and, under appropriate conditions, to commit resources to support the Bank. This support may be required by the Federal Reserve at times when we might otherwise determine not to provide it or when doing so is not otherwise in the interests of Huntington or our shareholders or creditors. The Federal Reserve may require a BHC to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the BHC with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices if the BHC fails to commit resources to such a subsidiary bank or if it undertakes actions that the Federal Reserve believes might jeopardize the BHC's ability to commit resources to such subsidiary bank.
 Under these requirements, Huntington may in the future be required to provide financial assistance to the Bank should it experience financial distress. Capital loans by Huntington to the Bank would be subordinate in right of payment to deposits and certain other debts of the Bank. In the event of Huntington's bankruptcy, any commitment by Huntington to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of the Bank would be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
 FDIC as Receiver or Conservator of Huntington
 Upon the insolvency of an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, the FDIC may be appointed as the conservator or receiver of the institution. Under the Orderly Liquidation Authority, upon the insolvency of a BHC, such as Huntington, the FDIC may be appointed as conservator or receiver of the BHC, if certain findings are made by the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the President. Acting as a conservator or receiver, the FDIC would have broad powers to transfer any assets or liabilities of the institution without the approval of the institution's creditors.
 16 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Depositor Preference
 The FDIA provides that, in the event of the liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, including the Bank, the claims of depositors of the institution (including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver would have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If the Bank were to fail, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, would have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including Huntington, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.
 Transactions between a Bank and its Affiliates
 Federal banking laws and regulations impose qualitative standards and quantitative limitations upon certain transactions between a bank and its affiliates, including between a bank and its holding company and companies that the BHC may be deemed to control for these purposes. Transactions covered by these provisions must be on arm's-length terms and cannot exceed certain amounts which are determined with reference to the Bank's regulatory capital. Moreover, if the transaction is a loan or other extension of credit, it must be secured by collateral in an amount and quality expressly prescribed by statute, and if the affiliate is unable to pledge sufficient collateral, the BHC may be required to provide it. The Dodd-Frank Act expanded the coverage and scope of these regulations, including by applying them to the credit exposure arising under derivative transactions, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions. Federal banking laws also place similar restrictions on loans and other extensions of credit by FDIC-insured banks, such as the Bank, and their subsidiaries to their directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders.
 Lending Standards and Guidance
 The federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted uniform regulations prescribing standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real estate or made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. Under these regulations, all insured depository institutions, such as the Bank, must adopt and maintain written policies establishing appropriate limits and standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real estate or are made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. These policies must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards (including loan-to-value limits) that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and documentation, approval, and reporting requirements. The real estate lending policies must reflect consideration of the federal bank regulatory agencies' Interagency Guidelines for Real Estate Lending Policies.
 Heightened Governance and Risk Management Standards
 The OCC has published guidelines to set expectations for the governance and risk management practices of certain large financial institutions, including the Bank. The guidelines require covered institutions to establish and adhere to a written governance framework in order to manage and control their risk-taking activities. In addition, the guidelines provide standards for the institutions' boards of directors to oversee the risk governance framework. As discussed in the " Risk Management and Capital " section of the MD&A, the Bank currently has a written governance framework and associated controls.
 2023 Form 10-K 17

 Anti-Money Laundering
 The Bank Secrecy Act and the Patriot Act contain anti-money laundering and financial transparency provisions intended to detect and prevent the use of the U.S. financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing activities. The Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the Patriot Act, requires depository institutions and their holding companies to undertake activities, including maintaining an AML program, verifying the identity of customers, verifying the identity of certain beneficial owners for legal entity customers, monitoring for and reporting suspicious transactions, reporting on cash transactions exceeding specified thresholds, and responding to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. The Bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and, therefore, is required to provide its employees with AML training, designate an AML compliance officer, and undergo an annual, independent audit to assess the effectiveness of its AML program. The Bank has implemented policies, procedures, and internal controls that are designed to comply with these AML requirements. Bank regulators are focusing their examinations on AML compliance, and we will continue to monitor and augment, where necessary, our AML compliance programs. The federal banking agencies are required, when reviewing bank and BHC acquisition or merger applications, to take into account the effectiveness of the AML activities of the applicant.
 The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, enacted on January 1, 2021 as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, does not directly impose new requirements on banks, but requires the U.S. Treasury to issue National Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism Priorities, and conduct studies and issue regulations that may, over the next few years, significantly alter some of the due diligence, recordkeeping and reporting requirements that the Bank Secrecy Act and Patriot Act impose on banks. The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 also contains provisions that promote increased information-sharing and use of technology and increases penalties for violations of the Bank Secrecy Act and includes whistleblower incentives, both of which could increase the prospect of regulatory enforcement.
 OFAC Regulation
 OFAC is responsible for administering economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals, and others, as defined by various Executive Orders and in various legislation. OFAC-administered sanctions take many different forms. For example, sanctions may include: (1) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on U.S. persons engaging in financial transactions relating to, making investments in, or providing investment-related advice or assistance to, a sanctioned country; and (2) a blocking of assets in which the government or "specially designated nationals" of the sanctioned country have an interest by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction, including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons. OFAC also publishes lists of persons, organizations, and countries suspected of aiding, harboring, or engaging in terrorist acts, known as Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. Blocked assets, for example property and bank deposits, cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off, or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences.
 Data Privacy
 Federal and state law contains extensive consumer privacy protection provisions. The GLBA requires financial institutions to periodically disclose their privacy policies and practices relating to sharing such information and enables retail customers to opt out of our ability to share information with unaffiliated third parties under certain circumstances. Other federal and state laws and regulations impact our ability to share certain information with affiliates and non-affiliates for marketing and/or non-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers. These security and privacy policies and procedures for the protection of personal and confidential information are in effect across all businesses and geographic locations as applicable. Federal law also makes it a criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by fraudulent or deceptive means.
 18 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Data privacy and data protection are areas of increasing state legislative focus. For example, under California state law, the CCPA broadly defines personal information and substantially increases the rights of California residents to understand how their personal information is collected, used, and otherwise processed by commercial businesses, such as affording them the right to access and request deletion of their information and to opt out of certain sharing and sales of personal information. The CCPA contemplates civil penalties of up to $2,500 for each violation and up to $7,500 for each intentional violation and includes a private right of action (permitting lawsuits to be brought by private individuals instead of the state Attorney General or other government actor for certain breaches). In addition, laws in all 50 U.S. states require businesses to provide notice under certain circumstances to consumers whose personal information has been disclosed as a result of a data breach. Moreover, the U.S. Congress has recently considered, and is currently considering, various proposals for more comprehensive data privacy and security legislation, to which we may be subject if passed.
 Like other lenders, the Bank and other of our subsidiaries use credit bureau data in their underwriting activities. Use of such data is regulated under the FCRA, and the FCRA also regulates reporting information to credit bureaus, prescreening individuals for credit offers, sharing of information between affiliates, and using affiliate data for marketing purposes. Similar state laws may impose additional requirements on us and our subsidiaries.
 FDIC Insurance
 The DIF provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, up to a standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000 per depositor, and is funded through assessments on insured depository institutions, based on the risk each institution poses to the DIF. The Bank accepts customer deposits that are insured by the DIF and, therefore, must pay insurance premiums. The FDIC may increase the Bank's insurance premiums based on various factors, including the FDIC's assessment of its risk profile.
 The FDIC also requires large insured depository institutions, including the Bank, to maintain enhanced deposit account recordkeeping and related information technology system capabilities to facilitate prompt payment of insured deposits if such an institution were to fail.
 The FDIC, as required under the FDIA, established a plan on September 15, 2020, to restore the DIF reserve ratio to meet or exceed the statutory minimum of 1.35% within eight years. This plan did not include an increase in the deposit insurance assessment rate. Based on the FDIC's recent projections, however, the FDIC determined that the DIF reserve ratio is at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum by the statutory deadline of September 30, 2028 without increasing the deposit insurance assessment rates. In October 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by 2 basis points, beginning on January 1, 2023. The FDIC also concurrently maintained the Designated Reserve Ratio for the DIF at 2%.
 In November 2023, the FDIC issued a final rule to implement a special assessment to recoup losses to the DIF associated with bank failures in the first half of 2023. Under the final rule, the assessment base for the special assessment is equal to an insured depository institution's estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to exclude the first $5 billion of uninsured deposits. The final rule provides that the FDIC will collect the special assessment at a quarterly rate of 3.36 basis points over eight quarterly assessment periods, subject to change depending on any adjustments to the loss estimate, mergers or failures, or amendments to reported estimates of uninsured deposits. Based on the Bank's reported uninsured deposits as of December 31, 2022, the entire estimated amount of approximately $214 million was recognized as an accrued liability and related expense in the fourth quarter of 2023. The final rule becomes effective April 1, 2024, and the first collection will be reflected on the invoice for the first quarterly assessment period of 2024, with the first payment due on June 28, 2024.
 Compensation
 Our compensation practices are subject to oversight by the Federal Reserve and, with respect to some of our subsidiaries and employees, by other financial regulatory bodies. The scope and content of compensation regulation in the financial industry are continuing to develop, and we expect that these regulations and resulting market practices will continue to evolve over a number of years.
 2023 Form 10-K 19

 The federal bank regulatory agencies have issued joint guidance on executive compensation designed to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations, such as Huntington and the Bank, do not encourage imprudent risk taking and are consistent with the safety and soundness of the organization. The SEC also finalized a rule that directs stock exchanges to require listed companies to implement clawback policies to recover incentive-based compensation from current or former executive officers in the event of certain financial restatements and requires companies to disclose their clawback policies and their actions under those policies.
 Cybersecurity
 The GLBA requires financial institutions to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information.
 The CISA is intended to improve cybersecurity in the U.S. by enhanced sharing of information about security threats among the U.S. government and private sector entities, including financial institutions. The CISA also authorizes companies to monitor their own systems notwithstanding any other provision of law and allows companies to carry out defensive measures on their own systems from cyber-attacks. The law includes liability protections for companies that share cyber-threat information with third parties so long as such sharing activity is conducted in accordance with CISA.
 In addition, effective April 1, 2022, the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC issued a rule that, among other things, requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator within 36 hours after identifying a "computer-security incident" that the banking organization believes in good faith could materially disrupt, degrade or impair its business or operations in a manner that would, among other things, jeopardize the viability of its operations, result in customers being unable to access their deposit and other accounts, result in a material loss of revenue, profit or franchise value, or pose a threat to the financial stability of the U.S.
 Community Reinvestment Act
 The CRA is intended to encourage banks to help meet the credit needs of their service areas, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and soundness practices. The relevant federal bank regulatory agency, the OCC in the Bank's case, examines each bank and assigns it a public CRA rating. A bank's record of fair lending compliance is part of the resulting CRA examination report.
 The CRA requires the relevant federal bank regulatory agency to consider a bank's CRA assessment when considering the bank's application to conduct certain mergers or acquisitions or to open or relocate a branch office. The Federal Reserve also must consider the CRA record of each subsidiary bank of a BHC in connection with any acquisition or merger application filed by the BHC. An unsatisfactory CRA record could substantially delay or result in the denial of an approval or application by Huntington or the Bank. The Bank received the highest possible overall CRA rating of "Outstanding" in its most recent examination.
 In October 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a final rule to amend their regulations implementing the CRA. The rule materially revises the current CRA framework, including the assessment areas in which a bank is evaluated to include activities associated with online and mobile banking, the tests used to evaluate the Bank in its assessment areas, new methods of calculating credit for lending, investment, and service activities, and additional data collection and reporting requirements. The rule is expected to result in a significant increase in the thresholds for large banks to receive "Outstanding" ratings in the future. The rule is expected to take effect on April 1, 2024, with most of its provisions becoming applicable on January 1, 2026. Reporting of the collected data will not be required until 2027.
 20 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Debit Interchange Fees
 We are subject to a statutory requirement that interchange fees for electronic debit transactions that are paid to or charged by payment card issuers, including the Bank, be reasonable and proportional to the cost incurred by the issuer. Interchange fees for electronic debit transactions are limited to 21 cents plus 0.05% of the transaction, plus an additional one cent per transaction fraud adjustment. These fees impose requirements regarding routing and exclusivity of electronic debit transactions. On October 3, 2022, the Federal Reserve finalized a rule that amends Regulation II to, among other things, specify that debit card issuers should enable all debit card transactions, including card-not-present transactions such as online payments, to be processed on at least two unaffiliated payment card networks. The final rule became effective July 1, 2023. As an issuer with over $10 billion in assets, Huntington is subject to Regulation II and is in compliance with these new requirements.
 In October 2023, the Federal Reserve released a notice of proposed rulemaking that would lower the maximum interchange fee that a large debit card issuer can receive on a debit card transaction. Under the proposal, the base component would initially decrease from 21.0 cents to 14.4 cents, the ad valorem component would decrease from 5.0 basis points to 4.0 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction, and the fraud-prevention adjustment would increase from 1.0 cents to 1.3 cents for debit card transactions performed from the effective date of the final rule to June 30, 2025. In addition, the proposal would adopt an approach for future adjustments to the interchange fee cap, which would occur every other year based on issuer cost data gathered from large debit card issuers.
 Consumer Protection Regulation and Supervision
 We are subject to supervision and regulation by the CFPB with respect to federal consumer protection laws. We are also subject to certain state consumer protection laws, and under the Dodd-Frank Act, state attorneys general and other state officials are empowered to enforce certain federal consumer protection laws and regulations. State authorities have increased their focus on and enforcement of consumer protection rules. These federal and state consumer protection laws apply to a broad range of our activities and to various aspects of our business and include laws relating to interest rates, fair lending, disclosures of credit terms and estimated transaction costs to consumer borrowers, debt collection practices, the use of and the provision of information to consumer reporting agencies, and the prohibition of unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offer, sale, or provision of consumer financial products and services.
 In January 2024, the CFPB issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that would amend Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act, to apply to overdraft credit provided by insured depository institutions with more than $10 billion in total assets unless the overdraft fee is restricted to a small amount that only recovers applicable costs and losses. Under the proposal, covered institutions, including the Bank, would be allowed to choose to offer overdrafts as a courtesy overdraft service or as a line of credit. If the courtesy overdraft option is chosen, overdrafts would remain exempt from Regulation Z, as long as fees charged are based on the higher of an institutions breakeven point derived from its own costs and losses, or a benchmark fee established by the CFPB. If the overdraft line of credit option is chosen, overdrafts would be considered a loan subject to Regulation Z, and therefore, subject to account opening and loan disclosures, required to be held in an account separate from the customer's checking or transaction account, and may not be conditioned on preauthorized electronic funds transfers. If adopted, the proposal would go into effect on the October 1st that follows publication of the final rule in the Federal Register by at least six months. The CFPB currently expects the effective date to be October 1, 2025. We are in the process of evaluating this proposed rulemaking and assessing its potential impact on the Company and the Bank if adopted as proposed.
 2023 Form 10-K 21

 ESG
 ESG Oversight
 With oversight from our Board of Directors, we are committed to implementing strong ESG practices by living out our Purpose of making people's lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve. The following represents how ESG is governed and integrated throughout the Company:

 Board Nominating and ESG Committee

 Board Risk Oversight Committee

 Executive Leadership Team

 Chief ESG Officer

 Climate Risk Director

 Chief ESG Officer and Strategy Team
 Our Chief ESG Officer leads an ESG Strategy Team, responsible for (1) advancing enterprise ESG strategy and facilitating implementation of the strategy at the business levels; (2) ensuring consistent understanding of ESG strategy throughout the Company; (3) leading ESG regulatory compliance efforts; and (4) overseeing ESG goal setting, reporting, and monitoring. The team also works to identify ESG-related innovation and advancement opportunities aligned with strategic planning. This group includes executive leaders across business segments and support units. The Chief ESG Officer also coordinates an ESG Working Group comprised of a cross functional enterprise team that is responsible for publishing various ESG related disclosures, including our ESG and TCFD reports.
 Climate Risk Director and Team
 Our Climate Risk Director and climate risk management team are responsible for providing input into the identification, assessment, and monitoring of climate-related risks, including guidance and insight relative to areas of expertise by the members who represent business units across the Company. This team is also tasked with offering input into emissions calculations and climate scenario analyses to help identify and mitigate prospective risks.
 Economic
 We are committed to delivering sustainable, long-term shareholder value through financial performance, while maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite and a well-capitalized position. We align our corporate strategy to our purpose of helping others and building upon our market-leading, purpose-driven bank through focused efforts on the environmental and social issues most important to our business and our stakeholders.
 In June 2021, we made a five-year $40 billion commitment toward our Community Plan to strengthen small businesses and foster economic justice throughout our footprint. Our Community Plan was developed to support communities by enabling and improving financial opportunities for people, businesses, and neighborhoods through commitments focusing on increasing lending, investing, and services to address economic, social, environmental, and racial equity areas of need as follows:
 • Huntington committed to providing $24 billion in affordable housing financing and consumer lending. Through September 30, 2023, we have reached $13.6 billion of this commitment.
 • Huntington expanded its Small Business lending programs into its acquired TCF footprint and committed $10 billion to the programs. Through September 30, 2023, we have reached $5.6 billion of this commitment.
 • Huntington committed $6.5 billion in community development loans and investments to establish programs and services that foster equity in areas such as affordable housing, small business financing, and community services. Through September 30, 2023, we have reached $5.7 billion of this commitment.
 • Embedded in the areas of need above is a $16 billion commitment for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives, with allocation of funds to diverse borrowers and communities to advance systemic change. Through September 30, 2023, we have reached $10.2 billion of this commitment.
 22 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington has additionally developed a Lift Local Business program, and made a commitment of $100 million, which supports entrepreneurs who have been historically under-resourced, particularly minority-, woman-, and veteran-owned small businesses throughout the business life cycle. This program offers loans, business planning support, free financial education courses delivered through Operation HOPE, and other services to help small business owners achieve their goals. Through October 31, 2023, we have reached $89 million of this commitment.
 Environmental
 Huntington supports environmental stewardship, reflecting our commitment to mitigating the effects of climate change, promoting biodiversity, and reducing our reliance on natural resources. Our path to a more sustainable future is guided by our environmental and climate strategies, preparing to comply with future regulatory and reporting requirements, transitioning to renewable sources of energy, improving our energy efficiency, and growing our renewable energy financing capabilities.
 We report on our commitment and transparency in numerous ways. These include:
 • Annual disclosures to CDP, a global initiative where we track and submit data annually toward managing our carbon footprint and certain other aspects of our environmental impact;
 • Preparing an annual TCFD Report that discusses in detail our approach toward environmental and climate governance, strategy, risk management, and performance; and
 • Working closely with shareholders and key ESG rating agencies to disclose details about our environmental programs.
 In 2023, we published our second standalone TCFD Report on 2022 data; we established new Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions reductions goals, building on the success of our prior emission reduction efforts; and we established new water consumption and landfill waste goals. We have made progress in achieving our use of 50% renewable energy goal, having executed two power purchase agreements. Consistent with our membership in the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials organization, we have disclosed the Scope 3, Category 15 emissions associated with our consumer automobile portfolio. Our Climate Risk team continues to work toward computing reliable, accurate estimates of other Scope 3, Category 15 portfolios.
 Human Capital (Social)
 Huntington aspires to be a Category of One financial services institution: an organization unique in the combination of its culture and performance. Huntington had 19,955 average full-time equivalent colleagues during 2023, whom we encourage to support a shared purpose of making our colleagues' and customers' lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve. We believe that our diverse workforce, supported by a culture of inclusiveness, enriches the experience of colleagues, and enhances our ability to perform as a company.
 We engage with our colleagues to gain valuable feedback on a wide range of subjects related to the experience of working at Huntington, with a strategic focus on culture, trust, and engagement. We value the feedback colleagues choose to share and use the information to drive our talent management strategy, which focuses on four key areas and a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion:
 • Engagement
 • Development
 • Retention, and
 • Attraction of top talent
 2023 Form 10-K 23

 Engagement
 At Huntington, we have taken steps to ensure our values, beliefs, and behaviors align with those of our colleagues. We have highly engaged colleagues committed to looking out for each other and our customers with a balanced focus on "what we do" and "how we do it." This synergy has proven to positively impact colleague performance and satisfaction. 2023 marked the tenth consecutive year we conducted a company-wide engagement survey to measure our colleagues' experience with a strategic focus on culture, trust, and engagement – and the results were reaffirming. In 2023, 85%, 82%, and 84% of colleagues responded favorably on trust, culture, and engagement, respectively. These results place Huntington in the top quartile of favorability for Culture and Trust among our benchmark peer group. 81% of colleagues responded they would recommend Huntington as a great place to work.
 The annual company-wide engagement survey is just one element of our continual colleague feedback program, which includes quick colleague pulse, new hire, manager-specific, and exit surveys. These surveys enhance leader understanding of the colleague experience, position Huntington to respond to colleague needs, and provide strong support to colleagues as they deliver performance in the spirit of our Purpose and Values.
 At Huntington, living our shared Purpose extends beyond our daily work. We believe that building connections between colleagues, their families and our communities create a meaningful, fulfilling, and enjoyable colleague experience. During 2023, Huntington colleagues provided almost 36,000 volunteer hours to over 1,300 organizations across our footprint, including foodbanks, homeless shelters, local schools, senior housing, and afterschool programs.
 Development
 We have created specialized programs to help our colleagues grow and develop. These programs include an online library which allows colleagues to take ownership of their development via direct access to role-based content. The content is divided into three key areas of development: learning and growth, maximizing performance, and protecting the company. All of the programming offered includes diversity, equity, and inclusion content. During 2023, colleagues at Huntington completed more than 500,000 training hours. Huntington also provided a High-Potential Talent Development Program to top talent colleagues, so that they may further develop and accelerate their career growth. Additionally, we offer our full-time colleagues the ability to obtain post-secondary education with reimbursement of eligible tuition. In addition to these programs, Huntington has also launched a program to capture the skills of all colleagues and match colleagues to internal job opportunities based on those skills.
 Retention
 Huntington is committed to creating an environment where colleagues are valued, supported, and empowered. We offer competitive compensation and benefit programs that further strengthen our employment value proposition and encourages colleague retention. With respect to pay, Huntington offers a minimum hourly rate of $20 per hour and competitive wages at all levels of the organization. To ensure competitive pay, we regularly benchmark against the marketplace. Our compensation structure includes benefit plans and programs focused on multiple facets of well-being, including physical, mental, and financial wellness. We also offer Workplace Flex, a program of practices for colleagues, so that we can support them to achieve a healthy balance between work and life outside of work. The program includes certain practices that enable colleagues multiple paths to achieving balance, when available and appropriate, including: flexible scheduling (staggered hours, compressed workweeks, part-time schedules, and job-sharing), flexible work location (remote, hybrid, and on-site), and both health and financial wellness support beyond the basic medical/visual/dental programs (adoption and fertility, parental leave, on-site fitness and fitness discounts, mental health and financial counseling services, support for chronic conditions). Collectively, these practices are designed to position colleagues to be their best self both at work and outside of work.
 Huntington's commitment to pay equity works to ensure that gender, race, and ethnicity are not determining factors in salaries, bonuses, and stock-based awards. We continue to identify and implement effective practices to promote pay equity, including pay analyses, additional hiring practices that protect pay equity, and training managers on explicit and implicit bias in compensation and promotion decisions. Huntington conducts a pay equity analysis annually, evaluating pay for colleagues performing the same work, designed to ensure equity across races and genders.
 24 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Collectively, these strategies create a colleague experience that entices colleagues to stay and fulfill their goals with Huntington.
 Attraction of top talent
 We are dedicated to attracting top talent with an emphasis on experience and behaviors that align with our Purpose and our core values of 'Can Do Attitude, Forward Thinking, and Service Heart.'
 The diversity of our colleagues is a key component of our success as an organization as it allows us to have a workforce that is representative of the communities we serve and is critical to our sustained success and growth. We proactively seek out a diverse candidate pool during the recruitment process across all levels. We are focused on identifying, supporting, and promoting qualified diverse candidates in leadership roles. As of December 31, 2023, our combined middle, senior, and executive management levels were 48% diverse and our total workforce was 67% diverse. For the purpose of reporting the aforementioned data, we acknowledge diverse individuals as those who are identified as women, or as being racially/ethnically diverse.
 Our commitment to creating an inclusive, diverse environment involves embracing different skills, backgrounds, and perspectives, both in our communities and at work. Our DEI Strategy and Operating Plan encompasses four focus areas, workplace inclusion, workforce diversity, community engagement, and supplier diversity. We execute this strategy and operating plan in multiple ways. Our Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer promotes DEI perspectives as an integral part of executive decisions made at Huntington by measuring and socializing progress on diversity across our footprint and providing diversity and inclusion programs to our colleagues. In addition, we have Inclusion Councils, Business Resource Groups, and Communities of Practice to support our commitment to engage, develop, retain, and attract top diverse talent. Inclusion Councils are voluntary, colleague driven regional and office-specific councils that focus on an inclusive, respectful, and supportive environment for all colleagues. The Business Resource Groups are voluntary, colleague-driven groups organized around a shared interest or common diversity dimension, each sponsored by a senior executive. The Communities of Practice are colleague-led, volunteer affinity groups which share information and experiences with fellow members. We believe that all of these are important components to our inclusion strategy and deliver content throughout the year.
 Governance
 Our Board of Directors and ELT are committed to executing on our long-term vision and aligning our strategic objectives with the interests of our stakeholders. Our Board members are accomplished leaders from diverse backgrounds, bringing the perspectives, skills, and experience necessary to use independent judgment to provide effective oversight and drive continued success. Our Board sets the strategy, risk appetite, and ethical standards for the entire organization, and our ELT ensures our business and enterprise functions operate with high legal, ethical, and moral standards through clearly stated policies and procedures. Additionally, our leaders set the tone at the top and oversee compliance with our standards and direct the company's financial reporting and internal controls.
 At the end of 2023, our Board consisted of 15 directors, comprised of our Chairman/President/CEO, our Huntington National Bank Chairman, and 13 independent directors. Our key risk and governance committees require at least three directors who are independent and are chaired by an independent director with the knowledge and expertise to lead the committee. Each year, the Board evaluates its leadership organization to ensure it is best structure to provide oversight of the Company and execute against our strategy objectives. As of December 31, 2023, our ELT and Board were 50% and 47% diverse, respectively.
 2023 Form 10-K 25

 Available Information
 We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with the Exchange Act, we file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about issuers, like us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of the site is  The reports and other information, including any related amendments, filed by us with, or furnished by us to, the SEC are also available free of charge at our Internet web site as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The address of the site is  Except as specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information on those web sites is not part of this report. You also should be able to inspect reports, proxy statements, and other information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq National Market at 33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004.
 26 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 1A: Risk Factors

 The risks and uncertainties listed below present risks that could have a material impact on Huntington's financial condition, the results of operations, or its business. Some of these risks and uncertainties are interrelated and the occurrence of one or more of them may exacerbate the effect of others. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones Huntington faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to Huntington or that Huntington believes to be immaterial may also adversely affect its business. Additionally refer to factors set forth under the caption "Forward-Looking Statements." For more information on how we manage risks, see discussion in the " Risk Governance " section of our MD&A.
 In addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference into this report, readers should carefully consider that the following important factors, among others, could negatively impact our business, future results of operations, and future cash flows materially.
 Credit Risks:
 Our ACL level may prove to not be adequate or be negatively affected by credit risk exposures which could adversely affect our net income and capital.
 Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. Our ACL of $2.4 billion at December 31, 2023, represented management's estimate of the current expected losses in our loan and lease portfolio (ALLL) as well as our unfunded lending commitments (AULC). We regularly review our ACL for appropriateness. In doing so, we consider probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default depending on economic parameters for each month of the remaining contractual term of the credit exposure. The economic parameters are developed using available information relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. There is no certainty that our ACL will be appropriate over time to cover lifetime losses of the portfolio because of unanticipated adverse changes in the economy, market conditions, or events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or markets. If the credit quality of our customer base materially decreases, if the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, or if the ACL is not appropriate, our net income and capital could be materially adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 In addition, regulatory review of risk ratings and loan and lease losses may impact the level of the ACL and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 Weakness in economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
 Continued economic uncertainty and a recessionary or stagnant economy could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our performance could be negatively affected to the extent there is deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, rising interest rates, supply chain issues or labor shortages, which have direct or indirect material adverse impacts on us, our customers, and our counterparties. These conditions could result in one or more of the following:
 • A decrease in the demand for loans and other products and services offered by us;
 • A decrease in customer savings generally, and in the demand for savings and investment products offered by us;
 • An increase in the number of customers and counterparties who become delinquent, file for protection under bankruptcy laws, or default on their loans or other obligations to us; and
 • An increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults could result in a higher level of NPAs, NCOs, provision for credit losses, and valuation adjustments on loans held for sale.
 The markets we serve are dependent on industrial and manufacturing businesses and, thus, are particularly vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions affecting these sectors.
 2023 Form 10-K 27

 A U.S. government debt default would have a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance, including a decrease in the value of Treasury bonds and other government securities held by us, which could negatively impact the Bank's capital position and its ability to meet regulatory requirements. Other negative impacts of a U.S. government debt default, budget deficit concerns, government shutdown, or related credit ratings downgrades could include volatile capital markets, an adverse impact on the U.S. economy and the U.S. dollar, as well as increased default rates among borrowers in light of increased economic uncertainty. Some of these impacts might occur even in the absence of an actual default or government shutdown as a consequence of extended political negotiations around the threat of such a default or government shutdown.
 Market Risks:
 Changes in interest rates could reduce our net interest income, reduce transactional income, and negatively impact the value of our loans, securities, and other assets. This could have an adverse impact on our cash flows, financial condition, results of operations, and capital.
 Our results of operations depend substantially on net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest earning assets (such as investments and loans) and interest paid on interest bearing liabilities (such as deposits and borrowings). Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, and domestic and international economic and political conditions. Conditions such as inflation, deflation, recession, unemployment, money supply, and other factors beyond our control may also affect interest rates. In addition, the Federal Reserve's monetary policies, including changes in the federal funds rate and increasing or reducing the size of its balance sheet, may also affect interest rates. If our interest earning assets mature or reprice faster than interest bearing liabilities in a declining interest rate environment, net interest income could be materially adversely impacted. Likewise, if interest bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest earning assets in a rising interest rate environment, net interest income could be adversely impacted.
 Changes in interest rates can affect the value of loans, securities, assets under management, and other assets, including mortgage servicing rights. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans and leases may lead to an increase in NPAs and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. When we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. However, we continue to incur interest expense as a cost of funding NALs without any corresponding interest income. In addition, transactional income, including trust income, brokerage income, and gain on sales of loans can vary significantly from period-to-period based on a number of factors, including the interest rate environment. A decline in interest rates could result in declining net interest margins if longer duration assets reprice faster than deposits.
 Rising interest rates reduce the value of our fixed-rate securities. Any unrealized loss from these portfolios impacts OCI, shareholders' equity, and the Tangible Common Equity ratio. Any realized loss from these portfolios impacts regulatory capital ratios. For more information, refer to " Market Risk " section of the MD&A.
 Certain investment securities, notably mortgage-backed securities, are sensitive to rising and falling rates. Generally, when rates rise, prepayments of principal and interest will decrease, and the duration of mortgage-backed securities will increase. Conversely, when rates fall, prepayments of principal and interest will increase, and the duration of mortgage-backed securities will decrease. In either case, interest rates have a significant impact on the value of mortgage-backed securities.
 MSR fair values are sensitive to movements in interest rates, as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which can be reduced by prepayments. Prepayments usually increase when mortgage interest rates decline and decrease when mortgage interest rates rise.
 In addition to volatility associated with interest rates, the Company also has exposure to equity markets related to the investments within the benefit plans and other income from client-based transactions.
 28 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Inflation could negatively impact our business, our profitability, and our stock price.
 Prolonged periods of inflation may impact our profitability by negatively impacting our fixed costs and expenses, including increasing funding costs and expense related to talent acquisition and retention. Additionally, inflation may lead to a decrease in consumer and clients' purchasing power and negatively affect the need or demand for our products and services. If significant inflation continues, our business could be negatively affected by, among other things, increased default rates leading to credit losses which could decrease our appetite for new credit extensions. These inflationary pressures could result in missed earnings and budgetary projections causing our stock price to suffer.
 Industry competition may have an adverse effect on our success.
 Our profitability depends on our ability to compete successfully. We operate in a highly competitive environment, and we expect competition to intensify. Certain of our competitors are larger and have more resources than we do, enabling them to be more aggressive than us in competing for loans and deposits. In our market areas, we face competition from other banks and financial service companies that offer similar services. Some of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations we are and, therefore, may have greater flexibility in competing for business. Technological advances have made it possible for our non-bank competitors to offer products and services that traditionally were banking products and for financial institutions and other companies to provide electronic and internet-based financial solutions, including mobile payments, online deposit accounts, electronic payment processing, and marketplace lending, without having a physical presence where their customers are located. Legislative or regulatory changes also could lead to increased competition in the financial services sector. For example, the Economic Growth Act and the Tailoring Rules reduce the regulatory burden of certain large BHCs and raise the asset thresholds at which more onerous requirements apply, which could cause certain large BHCs to become more competitive or to more aggressively pursue expansion. Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including customer convenience, quality of service by investing in new products and services, electronic platforms, personal contacts, pricing, and range of products. If we are unable to successfully compete for new customers and retain our current customers, our business, financial condition, or results of operations may be adversely affected. In particular, if we experience an outflow of deposits as a result of our customers seeking investments with higher yields or greater financial stability, or a desire to do business with our competitors, we may be forced to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding to operate our business and meet withdrawal demands, thereby adversely affecting our net interest margin. For more information, refer to " Competition " section of Item 1: Business.
 Liquidity Risks:
 Changes in Huntington's financial condition or in the general banking industry, or changes in interest rates, could result in a loss of depositor confidence.
 Liquidity is the ability to meet cash flow needs on a timely basis at a reasonable cost. The Bank uses its liquidity to extend credit and to repay liabilities as they become due or as demanded by customers.
 Our primary source of liquidity is our large supply of deposits from consumer and commercial customers. The continued availability of this supply depends on customer willingness to maintain deposit balances with banks in general, and us in particular. The availability of deposits can also be impacted by regulatory changes (e.g., changes in FDIC insurance, liquidity requirements, etc.), changes in the financial condition of Huntington, other banks, or the banking industry in general, changes in the interest rates our competitors pay on their deposits, and other events which can impact the perceived safety or economic benefits of bank deposits. While we make significant efforts to consider and plan for hypothetical disruptions in our deposit funding, market-related, geopolitical, or other events could impact the liquidity derived from deposits.
 2023 Form 10-K 29

 We are a holding company and depend on dividends by our subsidiaries for most of our funds.
 Huntington is an entity separate and distinct from the Bank. The Bank conducts most of our operations, and Huntington depends upon dividends from the Bank to service Huntington's debt and to pay dividends to Huntington's shareholders. The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition including liquidity and capital adequacy of the Bank and other factors, that the OCC could limit the payment of dividends or other payments to Huntington by the Bank. In addition, the payment of dividends by our other subsidiaries is also subject to the laws of the subsidiary's state of incorporation, and regulatory capital and liquidity requirements applicable to such subsidiaries. In the event that the Bank was unable to pay dividends to us, we in turn would likely have to reduce or stop paying dividends on our Preferred and Common Stock. Our failure to pay dividends on our Preferred and Common Stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Preferred and Common Stock. Additional information regarding dividend restrictions is provided in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 If we lose access to capital markets, we may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of our depositors, creditors, and borrowers, or have the operating cash needed to fund corporate expansion and other corporate activities.
 Wholesale funding sources can include securitization, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, non-core deposits, and long-term debt. The Bank is also a member of the FHLB, which provides members access to funding through advances collateralized with mortgage-related assets. We maintain a portfolio of highly-rated, marketable securities that is available as a source of liquidity.
 We may, from time-to-time, consider using our existing liquidity position to opportunistically retire outstanding securities in privately negotiated or open market transactions.
 Capital markets disruptions can directly impact the liquidity of Huntington and the Bank. Our ability to access the capital markets, if needed, will depend on a number of factors, including the state of the financial markets. Rising interest rates, disruptions in financial markets, negative perceptions of our business or our financial strength, negative perceptions of the overall banking industry or of other regional banks, or other factors may impact our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, on terms acceptable to us. For example, in the event of future turmoil in the banking industry or other idiosyncratic events, there is no guarantee that the U.S. government will invoke the systemic risk exception, create additional liquidity programs, or take any other action to stabilize the banking industry or provide liquidity. Any diminished ability to access short-term funding or capital markets to raise additional capital, if needed, could subject us to liability, restrict our ability to grow, require us to take actions that would affect our earnings negatively or otherwise adversely affect our business and our ability to implement our business plan, capital plan and strategic goals.
 A reduction in our credit rating could adversely affect our access to capital and could increase our cost of funds.
 The credit rating agencies regularly evaluate Huntington and the Bank, and credit ratings are based on a number of factors, including our financial strength and ability to generate earnings, as well as factors not entirely within our control, including conditions affecting the financial services industry, the economy, and changes in rating methodologies. There can be no assurance that we will maintain our current credit ratings. A downgrade of the credit ratings of Huntington or the Bank could adversely affect our access to liquidity and capital, and could significantly increase our cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements, and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to us or purchase our securities. This could affect our growth, profitability, and financial condition, including liquidity.
 30 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The macroeconomic environment in the U.S. is susceptible to global events and volatility in financial markets. For example, global conflicts (including the continuing conflicts involving Ukraine and the Russian Federation and those in the Middle East) or other similar events, as well as government actions of other restrictions in connection with such events, and trade negotiations between the U.S. and other nations could adversely impact economic and market conditions for the Company and its clients and counterparties. In addition, global supply chain disruptions may cause prolonged inflation, adversely impact consumer and business confidence, and adversely affect the economy as well as our financial condition and results.
 Operational Risks:
 Our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could fail or be breached, which could disrupt our business and adversely impact our operations, liquidity, and financial condition, as well as cause legal or reputational harm.
 The potential for operational risk exposure exists throughout our business and, as a result of our interactions with, and reliance on, third parties, is not limited to our own internal operational functions. Our operational and security systems and infrastructure, including our computer systems, data management, and internal processes, as well as those of third parties, are integral to our performance. We rely on our employees and third parties in our day-to-day and ongoing operations, who may, as a result of human error, misconduct, malfeasance, failure, or breach of our or of third-party systems or infrastructure, expose us to risk. For example, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact or upon whom we rely. Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup, or other operating or security systems and infrastructure may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, which could adversely affect our ability to process transactions or provide services. Such events may include: sudden increases in customer transaction volume; electrical, telecommunications, or other major physical infrastructure outages; disease pandemics; cyber-attacks; and events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including wars and terrorist attacks. Additional events beyond our control that could impact our business directly or indirectly include natural disasters such as earthquakes and weather events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, and floods. Neither the occurrence nor the potential impact of these events can be predicted, and the frequency and severity of weather events may be impacted by climate changes. In addition, we may need to take our systems off-line if they become infected with malware or a computer virus or as a result of another form of cyber-attack. In the event that backup systems are utilized, they may not process data as quickly as our primary systems and some data might not have been saved to backup systems, potentially resulting in a temporary or permanent loss of such data. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems is more limited than with respect to our own systems. We frequently update our systems to support our operations and growth and to remain compliant with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including business interruptions. Implementation and testing of controls related to our computer systems, security monitoring, and retaining and training personnel required to operate our systems also entail significant costs. Operational risk exposures could adversely impact our operations, liquidity, and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption.
 2023 Form 10-K 31

 We face security risks, including denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks targeting our colleagues and customers, malware intrusion or data corruption attempts, and identity theft that could result in the disclosure of confidential information, adversely affect our business or reputation, and create significant legal and financial exposure.
 Our computer systems and network infrastructure and those of third parties, on which we are highly dependent, are subject to security risks and could be susceptible to cyber-attacks, such as denial of service attacks, hacking, terrorist activities, or identity theft. Our business relies on the secure processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval of confidential, proprietary, and other information in our computer and data management systems and networks, and in the computer and data management systems and networks of third parties. In addition, to access our network, products, and services, our customers and other third parties may use personal mobile devices or computing devices that are outside of our network environment and are subject to their own cybersecurity risks.
 We, our customers, regulators, and other third parties, including other financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing, have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber-attacks. These cyber-attacks include computer viruses, malicious or destructive code, phishing attacks, denial of service or information, ransomware, improper access by employees or vendors, attacks on personal email of employees, ransom demands to not expose security vulnerabilities in our systems or the systems of third parties or other security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, or destruction of confidential, proprietary, and other information of ours, our employees, our customers, or of third parties, damage our systems or otherwise materially disrupt our or our customers' or other third parties' network access or business operations. As cyber-threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents. Despite efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and implement controls, processes, policies, and other protective measures, we may not be able to anticipate all security breaches, nor may we be able to implement sufficient preventive measures against such security breaches, which may result in material losses or consequences for us.
 Cybersecurity risks for banking organizations have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, and the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions. For example, cybersecurity risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase our mobile-payment and other internet-based product offerings and expand our internal usage of web-based products and applications. In addition, cybersecurity risks have significantly increased in recent years in part due to the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime affiliates, terrorist organizations, hostile foreign governments, disgruntled employees or vendors, activists, and other external parties, including those involved in corporate espionage. Even the most advanced internal control environment may be vulnerable to compromise. Due to increasing geopolitical tensions, nation state cyber-attacks and ransomware are both increasing in sophistication and prevalence. Targeted social engineering and email attacks (i.e., "spear phishing" attacks) are becoming more sophisticated and are extremely difficult to prevent. In such an attack, an attacker will attempt to fraudulently induce colleagues, customers, or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or that of our clients. Persistent attackers may succeed in penetrating defenses given enough resources, time, and motive. The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, may not be recognized until launched, and may not be recognized until well after a breach has occurred. The speed at which new vulnerabilities are discovered and exploited often before security patches are published continues to rise. Remote work further increases the risk that we may experience cyber incidents as a result of our employees, vendors, and other third parties with which we interact working remotely on less secure systems and environments.
 32 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The risk of a security breach caused by a cyber-attack at a vendor or by unauthorized vendor access has also increased in recent years. Additionally, the existence of cyber-attacks or security breaches at third-party vendors with access to our data may not be disclosed to us in a timely manner. Further, our ability to monitor our vendors' cybersecurity practices is limited. Although we generally have agreements relating to cybersecurity and data privacy in place with our vendors, we cannot guarantee that such agreements will prevent a cyber-incident impacting our systems or information or enable us to obtain adequate or any reimbursement from our service providers in the event we should suffer any such incidents. Due to applicable laws and regulations or contractual obligations, we may be held responsible for cyber-incidents attributed to our vendors as they relate to the information we share with them.
 We also face indirect technology, cybersecurity, and operational risks relating to the customers, clients, and other third parties with whom we do business or upon whom we rely to facilitate or enable our business activities, including, for example, financial counterparties, regulators, and providers of critical infrastructure such as internet access and electrical power. As a result of increasing consolidation, interdependence, and complexity of financial entities and technology systems, a technology failure, cyber-attack, or other information or security breach that significantly degrades, deletes, or compromises the systems or data of one or more financial entities could have a material impact on counterparties or other market participants, including us. This consolidation, interconnectivity, and complexity increases the risk of operational failure. Any third-party technology failure, cyber-attack, or other information or security breach, termination, or constraint could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to effect transactions, service our clients, manage our exposure to risk, or expand our business.
 Cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, whether directed at us or third parties, may result in a material loss or have material consequences. Furthermore, the public perception that a cyber-attack on our systems has been successful, whether or not this perception is correct, may damage our reputation with customers and third parties with whom we do business. Hacking of personal information and identity theft risks, in particular, could cause serious reputational harm. A successful penetration or circumvention of system security could cause us serious negative consequences, including: loss of customers and business opportunities; costs associated with maintaining business relationships after an attack or breach; significant business disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation, exposure, or destruction of our confidential information, intellectual property, funds, and/or those of our customers; or damage to our or our customers' and/or third parties' computers or systems. The occurrence of any of these events could result in a violation of applicable privacy laws and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, additional compliance costs, and could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a cybersecurity event.
 For more information regarding the Company's process for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, refer to Item 1C: Cybersecurity.
 Cybersecurity and data privacy are areas of heightened legislative and regulatory focus.
 As cybersecurity and data privacy risks for banking organizations and the broader financial system have significantly increased in recent years, cybersecurity and data privacy issues have become the subject of increasing legislative and regulatory focus. The federal bank regulatory agencies have proposed regulations that would enhance cyber risk management standards, which would apply to a wide range of large financial institutions and their third-party service providers, including us and the Bank, and would focus on cyber risk governance and management, management of internal and external dependencies, incident response, cyber resilience, and situational awareness. Laws in all 50 states generally require, among other things, notification to affected individuals when there has been a security breach of their personal data under certain circumstances. For more information regarding cybersecurity and data privacy, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 2023 Form 10-K 33

 We receive, maintain, and store non-public personal information of our customers and counterparties, including, but not limited to, personally identifiable information and personal financial information. The sharing, use, disclosure, and protection of these types of information are governed by federal and state law. Both personally identifiable information and personal financial information are increasingly subject to legislation and regulation, the intent of which is to protect the privacy of personal information and personal financial information that is collected and handled. For example, under California state law, the CCPA broadly defines personal information and substantially increases the rights of California residents to understand how their personal information is collected, used, and otherwise processed by commercial businesses, such as affording them the right to access and request deletion of their information and to opt out of certain sharing and sales of personal information. Numerous other states have also enacted or are in the process of enacting state-level privacy, data protection and/or data security laws and regulations. For more information regarding data privacy laws and regulations, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 Further, we make public statements about our use, collection, disclosure, and other processing of personal information through our privacy policies, information provided on our website and press statements. Although we endeavor to comply with our public statements and documentation, we may at times fail to do so or be alleged to have failed to do so. The publication of our privacy policies and other statements that provide promises and assurances about privacy, data protection, and data security can subject us to potential government or legal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our actual practices.
 We may become subject to new legislation or regulation concerning cybersecurity or the privacy of personally identifiable information and personal financial information or of any other information we may store or maintain. We could be adversely affected if new legislation or regulations are adopted or if existing legislation or regulations are modified such that we are required to alter our systems or require changes to our business practices or privacy policies. If cybersecurity, data privacy, data protection, data transfer, or data retention laws are implemented, interpreted, or applied in a manner inconsistent with our current practices, we may be subject to fines, litigation, or regulatory enforcement actions or ordered to change our business practices, policies, or systems in a manner that adversely impacts our operating results.
 We face significant operational risks which could lead to financial loss, expensive litigation, and loss of confidence by our customers, regulators, and capital markets.
 We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of fraud or theft by colleagues or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by colleagues or outsiders, operational errors by colleagues, business disruption, and system failures. Huntington executes against a significant number of controls, a large percent of which are manual and dependent on adequate execution by colleagues and third-party service providers. There is inherent risk that unknown single points of failure through the execution chain could give rise to material loss through inadvertent errors or malicious attack. These operational risks could lead to financial loss, expensive litigation, and loss of confidence by our customers, regulators, and the capital markets.
 Moreover, negative public opinion can result from our actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including clients, products, and business practices; corporate governance; acquisitions; and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to those activities. Negative public opinion can adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers and can also expose us to litigation and regulatory action.
 Relative to acquisitions, we incur risks and challenges associated with the integration of employees, accounting systems, and technology platforms from acquired businesses and institutions in a timely and efficient manner, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in retaining existing customer relationships or achieving anticipated operating efficiencies expected from such acquisitions. Acquisitions may be subject to the receipt of approvals from certain governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve, the OCC, and the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as the approval of our shareholders and the shareholders of companies that we seek to acquire. These approvals for acquisitions may not be received, may take longer than expected, or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated or that could have an adverse effect on the combined company following the acquisitions. Subject to requisite regulatory approvals, future business acquisitions may result in the issuance and payment of additional shares of stock, which would dilute current shareholders' ownership interests. Additionally, acquisitions may involve the payment of a premium over book and market values. Therefore, dilution of our tangible book value and net income per common share could occur in connection with any future transaction.
 34 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could impair our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results or prevent fraud, resulting in loss of investor confidence and adversely affecting our business and our stock price.
 Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We are subject to regulation that focuses on effective internal controls and procedures. Such controls and procedures are modified, supplemented, and changed from time-to-time as necessitated by our growth and in reaction to external events and developments. Any failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could impact our ability to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis, which could result in regulatory actions, loss of investor confidence, and an adverse impact on our business and our stock price.
 We rely on quantitative models to measure risks and to estimate certain financial values.
 Quantitative models may be used to help manage certain aspects of our business and to assist with certain business decisions, including estimating expected lifetime credit losses, measuring the fair value of financial instruments when reliable market prices are unavailable, estimating the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, managing risk, and for capital planning purposes (including during the CCAR capital planning and capital adequacy process). Our measurement methodologies rely on many assumptions, historical analyses, and correlations. These assumptions may not capture or fully incorporate conditions leading to losses, particularly in times of market distress, and the historical correlations on which we rely may no longer be relevant. Additionally, as businesses and markets evolve, our measurements may not accurately reflect this evolution. Even if the underlying assumptions and historical correlations used in our models are adequate, our models may be deficient due to errors in computer code, inaccurate data, misuse of data, or the use of a model for a purpose outside the scope of the model's design.
 All models have certain limitations. Reliance on models presents the risk that our business decisions based on information incorporated from models will be adversely affected due to incorrect, missing, or misleading information. In addition, our models may not capture or fully express the risks we face, may suggest that we have sufficient capitalization when we do not, or may lead us to misjudge the business and economic environment in which we will operate. If our models fail to produce reliable results on an ongoing basis, we may not make appropriate risk management, capital planning, or other business or financial decisions. Strategies that we employ to manage and govern the risks associated with our use of models may not be effective or fully reliable. Also, information that we provide to the public or regulators based on poorly designed models could be inaccurate or misleading.
 Banking regulators continue to focus on the models used by banks and bank holding companies in their businesses. Some of our decisions that the regulators evaluate, including distributions to our shareholders, could be affected adversely due to their perception that the quality of the models used to generate the relevant information are insufficient.
 We rely on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
 We rely on third-party service providers, both domestically and offshore, to leverage subject matter expertise and industry best practice, provide enhanced products and services, and reduce costs. Although there are benefits in entering into third-party relationships with vendors and others, there are risks associated with such activities. When entering a third-party relationship, the risks associated with that activity are not passed to the third-party but remain our responsibility. The Risk Oversight Committee of the Board of Directors provides oversight related to the overall risk management process associated with third-party relationships. Management is accountable for the review and evaluation of all new and existing third-party relationships. Management is responsible for ensuring that adequate controls are in place to protect us and our customers from the risks associated with vendor relationships.
 Increased risk could occur based on poor planning, oversight, control, and inferior performance or service on the part of the third-party and may result in legal costs or loss of business. While we have implemented a vendor management program to actively manage the risks associated with the use of third-party service providers, any problems caused by third-party service providers could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and to conduct our business. Replacing a third-party service provider could also take a long period of time and result in increased expenses.
 2023 Form 10-K 35

 Changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations could affect how we report our financial condition and results of operations.
 The FASB, regulatory agencies, and other bodies that establish accounting standards periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards governing the preparation of our financial statements. Additionally, those bodies that establish and interpret the accounting standards (such as the FASB, SEC, and banking regulators) may change prior interpretations or positions on how these standards should be applied.
 For further discussion, see Note 2 - " Accounting Standards Update " to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Impairment of goodwill could require charges to earnings, which could result in a negative impact on our results of operations.
 Our goodwill could become impaired in the future. If goodwill were to become impaired, it could limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to Huntington, adversely impacting Huntington liquidity and ability to pay dividends or repay debt. Assumptions affecting our goodwill impairment evaluation include earnings projections, the discount rates used in the income approach to measure fair value, and observed peer multiples used in estimating the fair value under the market approach. We are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually or when impairment indicators are present. If an impairment determination is made in a future reporting period, our earnings and book value of goodwill will be reduced by the amount of the impairment. If an impairment loss is recorded, it will have little or no impact on the tangible book value of our Common Stock, or our regulatory capital levels, but such an impairment loss could significantly reduce the Bank's earnings and thereby restrict the Bank's ability to make dividend payments to us without prior regulatory approval, which in turn could impact our ability to pay dividends. At December 31, 2023, the book value of our goodwill was $5.6 billion, substantially all of which was recorded at the Bank. Any such write down of goodwill or other acquisition related intangibles will reduce Huntington's earnings, as well.
 Climate change manifesting as physical or transition risks could adversely affect our operations, businesses, and customers.
 There is an increasing concern over the risks of climate change and related environmental sustainability matters. The physical risks of climate change include discrete events, such as flooding and wildfires, and longer-term shifts in climate patterns, such as extreme heat, sea level rise, and more frequent and prolonged drought. Under medium or longer-term scenarios, such events, if uninterrupted or unaddressed, could disrupt our operations or those of our customers or third parties on which we rely, including through direct damage to assets and indirect impacts from supply chain disruption and market volatility. Additionally, transitioning to a low-carbon economy may entail extensive policy, legal, technology and market initiatives. Transition risks, including changes in consumer preferences and additional regulatory requirements or supervisory expectations or taxes, could increase our expenses and undermine our strategies. In addition, our reputation and client relationships may be damaged as a result of our practices related to climate change, including our involvement, or our customers' involvement, in certain industries or projects, in the absence of mitigation and/or transition measures, associated with causing or exacerbating climate change, as well as any decisions we make to continue to conduct or change our activities in response to considerations relating to climate change. As climate risk is interconnected with all key risk types, we have established a formal climate risk program to embed climate risk considerations into our risk management processes across all established risk pillars, such as market, credit, and operational risks. While the timing and severity of climate change may not be entirely predictable and our risk management processes may not be effective in mitigating climate risk exposure, we continue to build capabilities to identify, assess, and manage climate risks.
 36 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Compliance Risks:
 We operate in a highly regulated industry, and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and financial accounting, or reporting, including changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us.
 The banking industry is highly regulated. We are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by various federal and state regulators, including the Federal Reserve, OCC, SEC, CFPB, FDIC, FINRA, and various state regulatory agencies. The statutory and regulatory framework that governs us is generally intended to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole - not to protect shareholders. These laws and regulations, many of which are discussed in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters," among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on our business activities (including foreclosure and collection practices), limit the dividend or distributions that we can pay, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt, and impose certain specific accounting requirements that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional compliance costs. Such regulation and supervision may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. Further, our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure was inadvertent or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, fines, and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, capital base, and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules, and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial condition.
 Under the supervision of the CFPB, our Consumer and Business Banking products and services are subject to heightened regulatory oversight and scrutiny with respect to compliance under consumer laws and regulations. We may face a greater number or wider scope of investigations, enforcement actions, and litigation in the future related to consumer practices, thereby increasing costs associated with responding to or defending such actions. Also, federal and state regulators have been increasingly focused on sales practices of branch personnel, including taking regulatory action against other financial institutions. In addition, increased regulatory inquiries and investigations, as well as any additional legislative or regulatory developments affecting our consumer businesses, and any required changes to our business operations resulting from these developments, could result in significant loss of revenue, require remuneration to our customers, trigger fines or penalties, limit the products or services we offer, require us to increase our prices and, therefore, reduce demand for our products, impose additional compliance costs on us, increase the cost of collection, cause harm to our reputation, or otherwise adversely affect our consumer businesses.
 Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future that impact the financial industry may materially adversely affect us by increasing our costs, adding complexity in doing business, impeding the efficiency of our internal business processes, negatively impacting the recoverability of certain of our recorded assets, requiring us to increase our regulatory capital, limiting our ability to pursue business opportunities, and otherwise resulting in a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operation, liquidity, or stock price.
 Both the scope of the laws and regulations and the intensity of the supervision to which we are subject may increase in times of financial crisis, as well as a result of other factors such as technological and market changes. Compliance with these laws and regulations have resulted in and will continue to result in additional costs, which could be significant, and may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, if we do not appropriately comply with current or future legislation and regulations, especially those that apply to our consumer operations, which has been an area of heightened focus, we may be subject to fines, penalties or judgments, or material regulatory restrictions on our businesses, which could adversely affect operations and, in turn, financial results.
 2023 Form 10-K 37

 We expect the current administration will continue to implement a regulatory reform agenda that is significantly different than that of the former administration. This reform agenda could include a heightened focus on consumer protection, fair lending, the regulation of loan portfolios and credit concentrations to borrowers impacted by climate change, heightened scrutiny on Bank Secrecy Act and AML requirements, topics related to social equity, executive compensation, and increased capital and liquidity, as well as limits on share buybacks and dividends. In addition, mergers and acquisitions could be dampened by increased antitrust scrutiny. We also expect reform proposals for the short-term wholesale markets. The evolving regulatory and supervisory environment and uncertainty about the timing and scope of future laws, regulations and policies may contribute to decisions we may make to suspend, reduce, or withdraw from existing businesses, activities, or initiatives, which may result in potential lost revenue or significant restructuring or related costs or exposures.
 In addition, regulatory responses in connection with severe market downturns or unforeseen stress events may alter or disrupt our planned future strategies and actions. Adverse developments affecting the overall strength and soundness of other financial institutions, the financial services industry as a whole, and the general economic climate and U.S. Treasury market could have a negative impact on perceptions about the strength and soundness of our business even if we are not subject to the same adverse developments. During 2023, the FDIC took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, respectively. The failure of other banks and financial institutions and the measures taken by governments and regulators in response to these events could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
 The resolution of significant pending litigation, if unfavorable, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations for a particular period.
 We face legal risks in our businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. Substantial legal liability against us could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to us, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the results of operations for a particular reporting period.
 For more information on litigation risks, see Note 22 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Noncompliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations could cause us material financial loss.
 The Bank Secrecy Act and the Patriot Act contain anti-money laundering and financial transparency provisions intended to detect and prevent the use of the U.S. financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing activities. The Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the Patriot Act, requires depository institutions and their holding companies to undertake activities including maintaining an anti-money laundering program, verifying the identity of clients, monitoring for and reporting suspicious transactions, reporting on cash transactions exceeding specified thresholds, and responding to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. FinCEN, a unit of the Treasury Department that administers the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with the federal bank regulatory agencies, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, and IRS.
 There is also increased scrutiny of compliance with the rules enforced by the OFAC. If our policies, procedures, and systems are deemed deficient or the policies, procedures, and systems of the financial institutions that we have already acquired or may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain planned business activities, including acquisition plans, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us.
 For more information regarding the Bank Secrecy Act, Patriot Act, anti-money laundering requirements and OFAC-administered sanctions, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 38 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Strategic Risk:
 We operate in a highly competitive industry which depends on our ability to successfully execute our strategic plan and adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and consumer preferences.
 We are subject to intense competition from both other financial institutions and from non-bank entities, including FinTech companies. Technology has lowered the barriers to entry, with customers having a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives, including crowdfunding, digital wallets, and money transfer services. The continuous widespread adoption of new technologies, including internet services and mobile applications, and advanced ATM functionality, is influencing how individuals and firms conduct their financial affairs and is changing the delivery channels for financial services. Our "People-First, Digitally-Powered" strategic plan considers the implications of these changes in technology. Additionally, these changes require us to adapt our product and services, as well as our distribution of them, to evolving industry standards and customer preferences. Failure to address competitive pressures could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers across our businesses.
 Our success depends, in part, on our ability to successfully implement our strategic plan as well as adapt existing products and services and develop competitive new products and services demanded by our customers. The widespread adoption of technologies will continue to require substantial investments to modify or adapt existing products and services and to develop new product or services. Additionally, we may not be successful in executing our strategic plan, introducing new products or services, achieving market acceptance of new product or services, anticipating or reacting to customers changing preferences, or attracting and retaining loyal customers.
 We depend on our executive officers and key personnel to continue the implementation of our long-term business strategy and could be harmed by the loss of their services.
 We believe that our continued growth and future success will depend in large part on the skills of our management team and our ability to motivate and retain these individuals and other key personnel. The loss of service of one or more of our executive officers or key personnel could reduce our ability to successfully implement our long-term business strategy, our business could suffer, and the value of our stock could be materially adversely affected. Leadership changes will occur from time to time, and we cannot predict whether significant resignations will occur or whether we will be able to recruit additional qualified personnel. We believe our management team possesses valuable knowledge about the banking industry and that their knowledge and relationships would be very difficult to replicate. Our success also depends on the experience of our branch managers and lending officers and on their relationships with the customers and communities they serve. The loss of these key personnel could negatively impact our banking operations. The loss of key personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
 Bank regulations regarding capital and liquidity, including the CCAR assessment process and the U.S. Basel III capital and liquidity standards, could require higher levels of capital and liquidity. Among other things, these regulations could impact our ability to pay common stock dividends, repurchase common stock, attract cost-effective sources of deposits, or require the retention of higher amounts of low yielding securities.
 The Federal Reserve administers CCAR, a periodic forward-looking quantitative assessment of Huntington's capital adequacy and planned capital distributions and a review of the strength of Huntington's practices to assess capital needs. The Federal Reserve makes a quantitative assessment of capital based on supervisory-run stress tests that assess the ability to maintain capital levels above each minimum regulatory capital ratio after making all capital actions included in Huntington's capital plan, under baseline and stressful conditions throughout a nine-quarter planning horizon. The CCAR process is also used to determine Huntington's SCB requirement. There can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve or OCC will respond favorably to our capital plans, planned capital actions, or stress test results, and the Federal Reserve, OCC, or other regulatory capital requirements may limit or otherwise restrict how we utilize our capital, including common stock dividends and stock repurchases.
 2023 Form 10-K 39

 We are also required to maintain minimum capital ratios and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that Huntington and/or the Bank, based on size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain capital ratios above these minimums in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. In the event we are required to raise capital to maintain required minimum capital and leverage ratios or ratios above the required applicable minimums, we may be forced to do so when market conditions are undesirable or on terms that are less favorable to us than we would otherwise require. Furthermore, in order to prevent becoming subject to restrictions on our ability to distribute capital or make certain discretionary bonus payments to management, the Bank must maintain a CCB of 2.5%, and Huntington must maintain the applicable SCB determined as part of the CCAR process, which are in addition to our required minimum capital ratios.
 We also face the risk of becoming subject to new or more stringent requirements in connection with the introduction of new regulations or modification of existing regulations, which could require us to hold more capital or liquidity or have other adverse effects on our businesses or profitability. For example, proposed changes to applicable capital and liquidity requirements, such as the Basel III Endgame Proposal and the long-term debt proposal, could result in increased expenses or cost of funding, which could negatively affect our financial results or our ability to pay dividends and engage in share repurchases.
 For more information regarding CCAR, stress testing, and capital and liquidity requirements, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 Reputation Risk:
 Damage to our reputation could significantly harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
 Our ability to attract and retain customers, clients, investors, and employees is affected by our reputation. Significant harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including officer, director, or employee misconduct, actual or perceived unethical behavior, conflicts of interest, security breaches, litigation or regulatory outcomes, compensation practices, failing to deliver minimum or required standards of service and quality, failing to address customer and agency complaints, compliance failures, unauthorized release of personal, proprietary or confidential information due to cyber-attacks or otherwise, perception of our environmental, social, and governance practices and disclosures, and the activities of our clients, customers, and counterparties, including vendors. Actions by the financial service industry generally or by institutions or individuals in the industry can adversely affect our reputation indirectly by association. In addition, adverse publicity or negative information posted on social media, whether or not factually correct, may affect our business prospects. All of these could adversely affect our growth, results of operation, and financial condition.

 Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments
 None.
 40 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 1C: Cybersecurity
 Cybersecurity represents an important component of Huntington's overall cross-functional approach to risk management. Our cybersecurity practices are integrated into Huntington's ERM approach, and cybersecurity risks are among the core enterprise risks identified for oversight by our Board of Directors ("Board") through our annual ERM assessment. See "Risk Factors—Operational Risks" for information on risks from cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity policies and practices follow the cybersecurity framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other applicable industry standards.
 Consistent with Huntington's overall ERM policies and practices, our cybersecurity program includes:
 • Vigilance: We maintain a global cybersecurity threat operation designed to detect, contain, and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents in a prompt and effective manner with the goal of minimizing disruptions to our business.
 • Collaboration: We have established collaboration mechanisms with public and private entities, including intelligence and enforcement agencies, industry groups, and third-party service providers to identify and assess cybersecurity risks.
 • Systems Safeguards: We deploy technical safeguards that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality, access controls, and ongoing vulnerability assessments.
 • Third-Party Management: We maintain a risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, such as vendors, service providers, and other users of our systems.
 • Education: We provide periodic and ongoing training for personnel regarding cybersecurity threats, with such training scaled to reflect the roles, responsibilities, and access of relevant personnel.
 • Incident Response Planning: We have established and maintain incident response plans that address our response to a cybersecurity incident, and such plans are tested at least annually, or more frequently as needed.
 • Communication and Coordination: We utilize a cross-functional approach to evaluating the risk from cybersecurity threats, involving management personnel from the technology, operations, legal, risk management, internal audit, and other key business functions, as well as members of our Board and the Technology Committee of the Board regarding cybersecurity threats and incidents.
 • Governance: The Board's oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the Technology Committee, which has responsibility for the development, implementation, maintenance, and risk management of the cybersecurity program and regularly interacts with Huntington's ERM function, individual members of management, and relevant management committees.
 A key part of Huntington's strategy for managing risks from cybersecurity threats is the ongoing assessment and testing of our processes and practices through auditing, assessments, tabletop exercises, and other exercises focused on evaluating effectiveness. We regularly engage third parties to perform assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, and independent reviews of our information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments and reviews are reported to the Technology Committee and the Board, and we adjust our cybersecurity processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by the third-party assessments and reviews.
 The Technology Committee of the Board oversees the management of risks from cybersecurity threats, including the policies, processes and practices that management implements to address risks from cybersecurity threats. The Board and the Technology Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on cybersecurity risks which address a wide range of topics including, for example, recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends, and information security considerations arising with respect to peers and vendors. The Board and the Technology Committee also receive prompt information regarding the occurrence of any potentially material cybersecurity incidents, including ongoing updates, when applicable. To keep the Board apprised of the continually shifting landscape, the Chief Information Security Officer provides updates to the Technology Committee on information security and cybersecurity matters on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently as necessary. The entire Board also participates in periodic cyber-related tabletop exercises.
 2023 Form 10-K 41

 Huntington's Chief Information Security Officer is a member of our Information and Technology Risk Committee that is principally responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity risk management program, in partnership with other business leaders across Huntington. The Chief Information Security Officer also works with members of the ELT, which includes our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer, and General Counsel. We believe our Board and management have the appropriate expertise, background, and depth of experience to manage risks arising from cybersecurity threats including applicable knowledge gained through industry experience, academia, ongoing internal and external training, and regular discussions with consultants and peers with applicable knowledge and expertise. In particular, one of our Board members has an extensive cybersecurity background, including having most recently served as the first-ever U.S. National Cyber Director. In addition, other members of our Board and management hold varying levels of relevant cybersecurity certifications.
 The Company's Chief Information Security Officer works collaboratively across Huntington to implement a program designed to identify and protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents. To facilitate this program, multi-disciplinary teams throughout Huntington are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with Huntington's incident response plan. Through ongoing communications across the organization, the Chief Information Security Officer monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in real time, and reports such incidents to the CEO and the Technology Committee and the Board when appropriate, as discussed above.

 Item 2: Properties

 Our headquarters, as well as the Bank's, is located in the Huntington Center, a thirty-seven story office building located in Columbus, Ohio. Of the building's total office space available, we lease approximately 22%. The lease term expires in 2030, with six five-year renewal options for up to 30 years but with no purchase option. The Bank has an indirect minority equity interest of 18% in the building. Our commercial headquarters is located in the Detroit Tower, a twenty story office building, located in Detroit, Michigan. We lease the entirety of the building's total office space available. The lease term expires in 2044, with four seven-year renewal options for up to 28 years with no purchase option. The Bank has no ownership interest in the building.
 We own or lease numerous other premises for use in conducting business activities, including operations centers, offices, and branches and other facilities. We consider the facilities owned or occupied under lease by our subsidiaries to be adequate for the purposes of our business operations. Additional information regarding our properties is set forth in Note 9 - " Premises and Equipment " and Note 10 - " Operating Leases " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated into this item by reference.

 Item 3: Legal Proceedings
 Information required by this item is set forth in Note 22 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Litigation and Regulatory Matters" and is incorporated into this Item by reference.

 Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
 Not applicable.
 42 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 5: Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 The common stock of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated is traded on the Nasdaq Global Stock Market under the symbol "HBAN." As of January 31, 2024, we had 29,674 shareholders of record.
 Information regarding restrictions on dividends, as required by this Item, is set forth in Item 1: "Business - Regulatory Matters " and in Note 23 - " Other Regulatory Matters " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and incorporated into this Item by reference.
 The following graph shows the changes, over the five-year period, in the value of $100 invested in (i) shares of Huntington's Common Stock; (ii) the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (the S&P 500 Index) and (iii) Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Bank Index, for the period December 31, 2018, through December 31, 2023. The KBW Bank Index is a market capitalization-weighted bank stock index published by Keefe, Bruyette & Woods. The index is composed of the largest banking companies and includes all money center banks and many regional banks, including Huntington. An investment of $100 on December 31, 2018, and the reinvestment of all dividends, are assumed. The plotted points represent the cumulative total return on the last trading day of the fiscal year indicated.

 2018
 2019
 2020
 2021
 2022
 2023

 HBAN
 $100
 $132
 $117
 $149
 $142
 $136

 S&P 500

 KBW Bank Index

 For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under Huntington's equity compensation plans, see Part III, Item 12.

 Item 6:
 [Reserved]

 2023 Form 10-K 43

 Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 INTRODUCTION
 This MD&A provides information we believe necessary for understanding our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and other information contained in this report. The forward-looking statements in this section and other parts of this report involve assumptions, risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including statements regarding our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and financial performance. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors set forth under the caption "Forward-Looking Statements" and those set forth in Item 1A.

 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
 Acquisitions and Divestitures
 In March 2023, Huntington completed the sale of the RPS business and entered into an ongoing partnership with the purchaser. The sale of our RPS business resulted in a $57 million gain including associated goodwill allocation, recorded within other noninterest income.
 In June 2022, Huntington completed the acquisition of Capstone Partners, a top tier middle market investment bank and advisory firm. The transaction brings a national scale to serve middle market business owners throughout the corporate lifecycle, building on Huntington's regional banking foundation. Capstone Partners related revenue, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raising and other advisory-related fees, is recognized within capital markets fees in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For further information, refer to Note 3 - " Business Combinations " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 In May 2022, Huntington completed the acquisition of Torana, now known as Huntington ChoicePay, a digital payments business focused on business to consumer payments. This acquisition, along with the formation of our enterprise-wide payments group, reflects one of our strategic priorities to accelerate our payments capabilities and expand the services provided to our customers.
 In June 2021, Huntington closed the acquisition of TCF Financial Corporation. TCF was a financial holding company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan with operations across the Midwest. The acquisition brought increased scale and market density, as well as added new markets and capabilities. Our operating results include the impact of TCF subsequent to the acquisition on June 9, 2021. For further information, refer to Note 3 - " Business Combinations " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Reporting Updates
 During the fourth quarter of 2023, we updated the presentation of our noninterest income categories to align product and service types more closely with how we strategically manage our business. For a description of each updated noninterest income revenue stream refer to Note 15 - " Revenue from Contracts with Customers " of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 During the fourth quarter of 2023, we revised our FTP methodology for non-maturity deposits, which has been enhanced to consider the internally modeled weighted average life by non-maturity deposit type. In general, the impact of the FTP methodology revision resulted in a higher cost of funds allocation as compared with the previous method.
 To align with our strategic priorities, during the second quarter of 2023, we completed an organizational realignment and now report on two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The Treasury / Other function includes technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense. Huntington's business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how management monitors results and assesses performance. The organizational realignment primarily involved consolidating our previously reported Consumer and Business Banking, Vehicle Finance and RBHPCG, into one new business segment called Consumer & Regional Banking.
 44 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 During the second quarter of 2023, we revised our process for assessing and monitoring the risk and performance of non-real estate secured commercial loans, primarily loans to REITs. These loans were reclassified from commercial real estate to the commercial and industrial loan category to align reporting with this process revision.
 For the reporting updates discussed above, prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.
 2023 Financial Performance Review
 Selected Financial Data

 Table 1 - Selected Year to Date Income Statement Data

 Change from 2021

 (amounts in millions, except per share data)
 2023
 2022
 2021

 Interest income
 $
 8,916
 $
 2,947
 %
 $
 5,969
 $
 1,778
 %
 $
 4,191

 Interest expense
 3,477
 2,781

 5,439
 5,273
 1,171
 4,102

 NM

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses
 5,037
 4,984
 4,077

 1,921
 (60)
 (3)
 1,981
 1,889

 4,574
 4,201
 (174)
 (4)
 4,375

 Income before income taxes
 2,384
 (380)
 (14)
 2,764
 1,173
 1,591

 (102)
 (20)

 Income after income taxes
 1,971
 (278)
 (12)
 2,249
 1,297

 NM

 1,951
 (287)
 (13)
 2,238
 1,295

 Dividends on preferred shares
 (18)
 (14)

 Impact of preferred stock repurchases and redemptions
 (8)
 (8)
 NM
 —
 (11)
 NM

 Net income applicable to common shares
 $
 1,817
 $
 (308)
 (14)
 %
 $
 2,125
 $
 %
 $
 1,153

 Average common shares—basic
 1,446
 —
 %
 1,441
 %
 1,262

 Average common shares—diluted
 1,468
 —
 1,465
 1,287

 Net income per common share—basic
 $
 1.26
 $
 (0.21)
 (14)
 %
 $
 1.47
 $
 0.56
 %
 $
 0.91

 Net income per common share—diluted
 1.24
 (0.21)
 (14)
 1.45
 0.55
 0.90

 Cash dividends declared
 0.62
 —
 —
 0.62
 0.015
 0.605

 Revenue and Net Interest Income—FTE (Non-GAAP)

 $
 5,439
 $
 %
 $
 5,273
 $
 1,171
 %
 $
 4,102

 FTE adjustment(1)

 Net interest income, FTE (non-GAAP)(1)

 5,481
 5,304
 1,177
 4,127

 1,921
 (60)
 (3)
 1,981
 1,889

 Total revenue, FTE (non-GAAP)(1)

 $
 7,402
 $
 %
 $
 7,285
 $
 1,269
 %
 $
 6,016

 (1) On an FTE basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
 In 2023, we reported net income of $2.0 billion, a $287 million, or 13%, decrease from the prior year. Earnings per common share on a diluted basis for the year were $1.24, down 14% from the prior year. The current year reported net income was negatively impacted by the recognition of the FDIC DIF special assessment totaling $214 million, or $169 million after tax ($0.11 per common share), to recover the cost associated with protecting uninsured depositors as part of the 2023 bank failures and $69 million, or $55 million after tax ($0.04 per common share), of expense from staffing related initiatives and the consolidation of corporate locations. The prior year's reported net income was negatively impacted by acquisition-related expenses totaling $95 million, or $76 million after tax ($0.05 per common share).
 2023 Form 10-K 45

 Net interest income for 2023 was $5.4 billion, up $166 million, or 3%, from 2022. FTE net interest income, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased $177 million, or 3%, from 2022. The increase in FTE net interest income reflected an increase in earning asset yields and the benefit of a $8.3 billion, or 5%, increase in average earning assets, partially offset by higher cost of funds and a $15.3 billion, or 13%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. Average earning asset growth included a $5.7 billion, or 5%, increase in loans and leases and a $4.5 billion, or 92%, increase in interest-earning deposits with banks, partially offset by a $1.4 billion, or 3%, decrease in average securities. The growth in average interest-bearing liabilities included a $10.1 billion, or 10%, increase in average interest-bearing deposits and a $5.2 billion, or 46%, increase in average borrowings.
 The provision for credit losses increased $113 million, or 39%, to $402 million, primarily driven by a combination of loan and lease growth and modest overall ACL coverage ratio builds throughout 2023 that is reflective of the current macroeconomic environment. The ACL was $2.4 billion, or 1.97% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2023, compared to $2.3 billion, or 1.90% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2022.
 Noninterest income of $1.9 billion, decreased $60 million, or 3%, from the prior year primarily due to lower gain on sale of loans, customer deposit and loan fees, and mortgage banking income, in addition to $24 million of unfavorable mark-to-market on the pay-fixed swaptions program, partially offset by a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business and increases in payments and cash management revenue and wealth and asset management revenue. Noninterest expense of $4.6 billion, increased $373 million, or 9%, from the prior year primarily due to the FDIC DIF special assessment of $214 million and an increase in personnel costs, partially offset by a decrease in acquisition-related expenses.
 Total assets at December 31, 2023 were $189.4 billion, an increase of $6.5 billion, or 4%, compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by increases in interest-earning deposits with banks of $3.6 billion, or 71%, and loans and leases of $2.5 billion, or 2%. Total liabilities at December 31, 2023 were $170.0 billion, an increase of $4.8 billion, or 3%, compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in total liabilities was primarily driven by increases in total deposits of $3.3 billion, or 2%, and borrowings of $1.3 billion, or 11%.
 The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 6.14% at December 31, 2023, up 59 basis points from December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in tangible common equity related to earnings, net of dividends, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss due in part from a modest decline in interest rates at year-end, partially offset by higher tangible assets. CET1 risk-based capital ratio was 10.25%, up from 9.36% at December 31, 2022. The increase in regulatory capital ratios was primarily driven by earnings and a decrease in risk-weighted assets, partially offset by dividends. The decrease in risk-weighted assets was largely driven by the synthetic CRT related to an approximately $3 billion portfolio of on-balance sheet prime indirect auto loans.
 Business Overview
 General
 Our general business objectives are to:
 • Build on our vision to be the country's leading people-first, digitally powered bank;
 • Drive sustainable long-term revenue growth and efficiency;
 • Deliver a Category of One customer experience through our distinguished brand and culture;
 • Extend our digital leadership with focus on ease of use, access to information, and self-service across products and services;
 • Leverage expertise and capabilities to acquire and deepen relationships and launching of select partnerships;
 • Maintain positive operating leverage and execute disciplined capital management; and
 • Provide stability and resilience through risk management, while maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite.
 46 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Economy
 Inflation continues to trend lower while remaining at levels above the Federal Reserve's long run target. The Federal Reserve has shifted policy to a more balanced interest rate view and continues to further evaluate the impact of their monetary tightening and the overall health of the economy. The economy has continued to expand with fourth quarter of 2023 growth trending towards 2.0%. Equity markets have remained buoyant anticipating easier policy from the Federal Reserve in 2024. Further banking regulation has been delayed as recent regulatory proposals have been in their comment periods for an extended amount of time, with clarity on proposed amendments to the regulatory capital rule and long-term debt requirements for banks anticipated.
 The consensus economic outlook assumes a soft landing through the first half of 2024 with modest growth in the second half of 2024. Inflation is expected to continue to fall, approaching target levels of 2% by the third quarter of 2024, as the Federal Reserve actions will likely result in lower GDP growth and higher unemployment.
 Our 2023 results reflect the execution of our growth strategy and leveraging the strength of our balance sheet, delivered through sustained deposit growth, bolstered capabilities across our payments and other fee revenue areas, and expansion of our CET1. We have continued our disciplined management of credit consistent with our aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite. With our disciplined and proactive approach, we believe Huntington is well positioned to manage through the uncertain economic outlook on the horizon. We remain focused on delivering profitable growth and driving value for our shareholders.
 Legislative and Regulatory
 A comprehensive discussion of legislative and regulatory matters affecting us can be found in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters " section of this Form 10-K.

 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 This section provides a review of financial performance on a consolidated basis. Key consolidated balance sheet and income statement trends are discussed. All earnings per share data are reported on a diluted basis. For additional insight on financial performance, please read this section in conjunction with the " Business Segment Discussion."
 For a discussion of our results of operations for 2022 versus 2021, see "Part II, Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" Discussion of Results of Operations included in our 2022 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2023. In addition, discussion of our results of operations for 2022 versus 2021 for noninterest income and business segment discussion where prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the current presentation are included within this MD&A.
 Average Balance Sheet / Net Interest Income
 Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from earning assets (primarily loans, leases, and securities), and interest expense of funding sources (primarily interest-bearing deposits and borrowings). Earning asset balances and related funding sources, as well as changes in the levels of interest rates, impact net interest income. The difference between the average yield on earning assets and the average rate paid for interest-bearing liabilities is the net interest spread. Noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as demand deposits and shareholders' equity, also support earning assets. The impact of the noninterest-bearing sources of funds, often referred to as "free" funds, is captured in the net interest margin, which is calculated as net interest income divided by average earning assets. Both the net interest margin and net interest spread are presented on an FTE basis, which means that tax-free interest income has been adjusted to a pretax equivalent income, assuming a 21% tax rate.

 2023 Form 10-K 47

 Table 2 - Consolidated Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Margin Analysis

 2023
 2022

 Interest Income

 Interest Income

 Change from 2022 Average Balances

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Assets:

 Interest-earning deposits with banks

 $
 9,309
 $
 5.30
 %
 $
 4,852
 $
 1.70
 %
 $
 4,457
 %

 Securities:

 5.14
 4.14

 Taxable
 20,539
 1,016
 4.95
 21,994
 2.62
 (1,455)
 (7)

 Tax-exempt
 2,720
 4.84
 2,842
 3.32
 (122)
 (4)

 23,259
 1,148
 4.93
 24,836
 2.70
 (1,577)
 (6)

 Held-to-maturity securities—taxable
 16,507
 2.43
 16,509
 2.13
 (2)
 —

 5.70
 3.16

 Total securities
 40,776
 1,606
 3.94
 42,222
 1,049
 2.48
 (1,446)
 (3)

 6.34
 4.24
 (419)
 (43)

 Loans and leases: (3)

 49,640
 2,991
 6.03
 45,362
 1,956
 4.31
 4,278

 13,140
 7.40
 13,524
 4.45
 (384)
 (3)

 5,128
 5.63
 4,974
 5.04

 67,908
 4,252
 6.26
 63,860
 2,809
 4.40
 4,048

 22,990
 3.59
 20,907
 3.16
 2,083

 12,881
 4.36
 13,454
 3.51
 (573)
 (4)

 10,156
 7.48
 10,409
 5.11
 (253)
 (2)

 5,650
 4.79
 5,322
 4.26

 1,362
 11.53
 1,314
 9.51

 53,039
 2,573
 4.85
 51,406
 2,018
 3.92
 1,633

 120,947
 6,825
 5.64
 115,266
 4,827
 4.19
 5,681

 Total earning assets
 171,586
 8,958
 5.22
 163,313
 6,000
 3.67
 8,273

 Cash and due from banks
 1,576
 1,666
 (90)
 (5)

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 5,731
 5,688

 All other assets
 10,850
 10,184

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 (2,187)
 (2,083)
 (104)
 (5)

 $
 187,556
 $
 178,768
 $
 8,788
 %

 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

 Interest-bearing deposits:

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 $
 39,826
 $
 1.76
 %
 $
 41,779
 $
 0.38
 %
 $
 (1,953)
 (5)
 %

 Money market deposits
 40,401
 1,135
 2.81
 33,733
 0.33
 6,668

 Savings and other domestic deposits
 18,345
 0.13
 21,316
 0.02
 (2,971)
 (14)

 Core certificates of deposit (4)

 9,780
 3.99
 2,439
 0.50
 7,341

 Other domestic deposits of $250,000 or more
 3.56
 0.47

 Negotiable CDs, brokered and other deposits

 4,697
 4.98
 3,838
 1.96

 Total interest-bearing deposits
 113,403
 2,497
 2.20
 103,338
 0.35
 10,065

 3,081
 5.81
 2,485
 1.86

 13,324
 6.01
 8,724
 3.29
 4,600

 Total interest-bearing liabilities
 129,808
 3,477
 2.68
 114,547
 0.61
 15,261

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 33,985
 41,574
 (7,589)
 (18)

 All other liabilities
 5,080
 4,353

 Total liabilities

 168,873
 160,474
 8,399

 Total Huntington shareholders' equity

 18,634
 18,263

 Non-controlling interest

 Total equity
 18,683
 18,294

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 $
 187,556
 $
 178,768
 $
 8,788
 %

 Net interest rate spread
 2.54
 3.06

 Impact of noninterest-bearing funds on margin
 0.65
 0.19

 Net interest margin/NII (FTE)

 $
 5,481
 3.19
 %
 $
 5,304
 3.25
 %

 (1)FTE yields are calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Yield/rates include the impact of applicable derivatives. Loan and lease and deposit average yield/rates also include impact of applicable non-deferrable and amortized fees.
 (3)For purposes of this analysis, NALs are reflected in the average balances of loans and leases.
 (4)Includes consumer certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more.

 48 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 2 - Consolidated Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Margin Analysis (Continued)

 2022
 2021

 Interest Income

 Interest Income

 Change from 2021 Average Balances

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Assets:

 Interest-earning deposits with banks

 $
 4,852
 $
 1.70
 %
 $
 8,501
 $
 0.13
 %
 $
 (3,649)
 (43)
 %

 Securities:

 4.14
 3.32
 (18)
 (36)

 Taxable
 21,994
 2.62
 19,767
 1.32
 2,227

 Tax-exempt
 2,842
 3.32
 2,916
 2.42
 (74)
 (3)

 24,836
 2.70
 22,683
 1.46
 2,153

 Held-to-maturity securities—taxable
 16,509
 2.13
 10,000
 1.74
 6,509

 3.16
 1.75

 Total securities
 42,222
 1,049
 2.48
 33,289
 1.55
 8,933

 4.24
 1,398
 2.96
 (425)
 (30)

 Loans and leases: (3)

 45,362
 1,956
 4.31
 38,294
 1,476
 3.86
 7,068

 13,524
 4.45
 10,016
 3.31
 3,508

 4,974
 5.04
 3,739
 4.98
 1,235

 63,860
 2,809
 4.40
 52,049
 1,994
 3.83
 11,811

 20,907
 3.16
 15,953
 3.00
 4,954

 13,454
 3.51
 13,008
 3.62

 10,409
 5.11
 10,018
 3.90

 5,322
 4.26
 4,672
 4.27

 1,314
 9.51
 1,118
 10.04

 51,406
 2,018
 3.92
 44,769
 1,652
 3.69
 6,637

 115,266
 4,827
 4.19
 96,818
 3,646
 3.77
 18,448

 Total earning assets
 163,313
 6,000
 3.67
 140,006
 4,216
 3.01
 23,307

 Cash and due from banks
 1,666
 1,356

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 5,688
 4,108
 1,580

 All other assets
 10,184
 8,804
 1,380

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 (2,083)
 (1,993)
 (90)
 (5)

 $
 178,768
 $
 152,281
 $
 26,487
 %

 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

 Interest-bearing deposits:

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 $
 41,779
 $
 0.38
 %
 $
 32,708
 $
 0.04
 %
 $
 9,071
 %

 Money market deposits
 33,733
 0.33
 30,039
 0.07
 3,694

 Savings and other domestic deposits
 21,316
 0.02
 17,357
 0.03
 3,959

 Core certificates of deposit (4)

 2,439
 0.50
 2,368
 0.03

 Other domestic deposits of $250,000 or more
 0.47
 0.21
 (120)
 (34)

 Negotiable CDs, brokered and other deposits

 3,838
 1.96
 3,525
 0.16

 Total interest-bearing deposits
 103,338
 0.35
 86,350
 0.05
 16,988

 2,485
 1.86
 0.20
 2,207

 Long-term debt (5)

 8,724
 3.29
 7,479
 0.57
 1,245

 Total interest-bearing liabilities
 114,547
 0.61
 94,107
 0.09
 20,440

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 41,574
 37,960
 3,614

 All other liabilities
 4,353
 3,205
 1,148

 Total liabilities

 160,474
 135,272
 25,202

 Total Huntington shareholders' equity

 18,263
 16,997
 1,266

 Non-controlling interest

 Total equity
 18,294
 17,009
 1,285

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 178,768
 $
 152,281
 $
 26,487
 %

 Net interest rate spread
 3.06
 2.92

 Impact of noninterest-bearing funds on margin
 0.19
 0.03

 Net interest margin/NII (FTE)

 $
 5,304
 3.25
 %
 $
 4,127
 2.95
 %

 (1)FTE yields are calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Average yield rates include the impact of applicable derivatives. Loan and lease and deposit average yield rates also include impact of applicable non-deferrable and amortized fees.
 (3)For purposes of this analysis, NALs are reflected in the average balances of loans and leases.
 (4)Includes consumer certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more.
 (5)Reflects the benefit of $89 million mark-to-market of interest rate caps for 2021. There was no impact for 2022.

 2023 Form 10-K 49

 The following table shows changes in fully-taxable equivalent interest income, interest expense, and net interest income due to volume and rate variances for major categories of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities:

 Table 3 - Change in Net Interest Income Due to Changes in Average Volume and Interest Rates (1)

 2023
 2022

 Increase (Decrease) From
Previous Year Due To
 Increase (Decrease) From
Previous Year Due To

 FTE basis (2)
 Volume
Rate
 Total
 Volume
Rate
 Total

 Loans and leases
 $
 $
 1,750
 $
 1,998
 $
 $
 $
 1,181

 Investment securities
 (38)

 Other earning assets
 (30)

 Total interest income from earning assets
 2,619
 2,958
 1,784

 2,095
 2,134

 Total interest expense of interest-bearing liabilities
 2,529
 2,781

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,177

 (1)The change in interest income or expense due to both rate and volume has been allocated between the factors in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
 (2)Calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.

 Net Interest Income
 Net interest income for 2023 increased $166 million, or 3%, from 2022. FTE net interest income, a non-GAAP financial measure, for 2023 increased $177 million, or 3%, from 2022. The increase in FTE net interest income reflected an increase in yields on loans and leases and investment securities and an $8.3 billion, or 5%, increase in average total earning assets, partially offset by higher cost of funds and a $15.3 billion, or 13%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities.
 Net interest income for 2023 included $30 million of net interest income from purchase accounting accretion, compared to $61 million and $21 million from purchase accounting accretion and accelerated PPP loan fees recognized upon forgiveness payments from the SBA, respectively, in 2022.
 Average Balance Sheet
 Average assets of $187.6 billion for 2023 increased $8.8 billion, or 5%, from 2022, primarily due to increases in average loans and leases of $5.7 billion, or 5%, and average interest-earning deposits with banks of $4.5 billion, or 92%, partially offset by a decrease in average total securities of $1.4 billion, or 3%. The increase in average loans and leases was driven by growth in average commercial loans and leases of $4.0 billion, or 6%, and average consumer loans of $1.6 billion, or 3%.
 Average liabilities for 2023 increased $8.4 billion, or 5%, from 2022, primarily due to increases in average borrowings and deposits. Average borrowings increased $5.2 billion, or 46%, driven by new debt issuances and higher FHLB borrowings reflecting actions taken as part of ongoing management of funding needs. Total average deposits increased $2.5 billion, or 2%, primarily due to an increase in average interest-bearing deposits of $10.1 billion, or 10%, largely due to increases in average certificates of deposits and money market deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average noninterest-bearing deposits of $7.6 billion, or 18%.
 Average shareholders' equity for 2023 increased $371 million, or 2%, from 2022 primarily due to earnings net of dividends, a reduction in average accumulated other comprehensive loss driven by changes in interest rates, and the net issuance of preferred stock.
 50 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Provision for Credit Losses
 (This section should be read in conjunction with the " Credit Risk " section.)
 The provision for credit losses is the expense necessary to maintain the ACL at levels appropriate to absorb our estimate of credit losses expected over the life of the loan and lease portfolio, securities portfolio, and unfunded lending commitments.
 The provision for credit losses in 2023 was $402 million, an increase of $113 million, or 39%, from 2022. The increase in provision expense over the prior year was driven by a combination of loan and lease growth and modest overall ACL coverage ratio builds throughout 2023 that is reflective of the current macroeconomic environment.
 The components of the provision for credit losses were as follows:

 Table 4 - Provision for Credit Losses

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Provision for loan and lease losses
 $
 $
 $
 (1)

 Provision for unfunded lending commitments
 (5)

 Provision for securities
 —
 —

 Total provision for credit losses
 $
 $
 $

 Noninterest Income
 The following table reflects noninterest income for each of the periods presented:

 Table 5 - Noninterest Income

 Change from 2021

 2023
 2022
 2021

 $
 $
 %
 $
 $
 %
 $

 (38)
 (11)

 (17)
 (6)

 (14)
 (11)

 (35)
 (24)
 (165)
 (53)

 (5)
 (6)
 (3)
 (4)

 Bank owned life insurance income
 (13)
 (19)

 Gain on sale of loans
 (43)
 (75)
 NM

 Net gains (losses) on sales of securities
 (7)
 (7)
 NM
 —
 (9)
 NM

 Other noninterest income
 (33)
 (43)

 $
 1,921
 $
 (60)
 (3)
 %
 $
 1,981
 $
 %
 $
 1,889

 2023 noninterest income was $1.9 billion, a decrease of $60 million, or 3%, from the prior year. Gain on sale of loans decreased $43 million, or 75%, primarily resulting from the strategic decision to retain the guaranteed portion of SBA loans at origination. Customer deposit and loan fees decreased $38 million, or 11%, primarily due to program changes and a reduction in loan commitment fees. Mortgage banking income decreased $35 million, or 24%, primarily reflecting lower secondary marketing spreads and lower salable volume. Capital markets and advisory fees decreased $17 million, or 6%, primarily due to lower interest rate derivative and trading fees, partially offset by an increase in advisory fees. Partially offsetting these decreases, other noninterest income increased $37 million, or 86%, primarily due to a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business, including associated goodwill allocation, partially offset by $24 million of unfavorable mark-to-market related to the pay-fixed swaptions program. Wealth and asset management revenue increased $28 million, or 9%, primarily due to an increase in annuity commissions. Payments and cash management revenue increased $24 million, or 4%, primarily due to higher debit and credit card transaction revenue.
 2023 Form 10-K 51

 2022 noninterest income was $2.0 billion, an increase of $92 million, or 5%, from the prior year. Capital markets and advisory fees increased $109 million, or 70%, primarily reflecting higher advisory fees supported by the impact of Capstone Partners acquisition, in addition to an increase in syndication, foreign exchange, and interest rate derivative fees. Payments and cash management revenue increased $60 million, or 12%, primarily due to the full-period impact on volume due to TCF customers, partially offset by program changes. Gain on sale of loans increased $48 million primarily due to sales of SBA loans during the first through third quarters of 2022. Customer deposit and loan fees increased $40 million, or 13%, primarily due to the full-period impact on volume due to TCF customers, partially offset by the impact from program changes. Wealth and asset management revenue increased $31 million, or 12%, primarily due to the full-period impact of the TCF acquisition and an increase in sales. Leasing revenue increased $27 million, or 27%, primarily due to the full-period impact of the TCF acquisition. Partially offsetting these decreases, mortgage banking income decreased $165 million, or 53%, primarily reflecting lower salable volume and secondary marketing spreads and bank owned life insurance decreased $13 million, or 19%, primarily due to valuation adjustments and lower benefit claims.

 Noninterest Expense

 The following table reflects noninterest expense for each of the periods presented:

 Table 6 - Noninterest Expense

 Change from 2021

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Personnel costs
 $
 2,529
 $
 %
 $
 2,401
 $
 %
 $
 2,335

 Outside data processing and other services
 (5)
 (1)
 (240)
 (28)

 Deposit and other insurance expense
 NM

 Equipment
 (6)
 (2)

 Net occupancy
 —
 —
 (31)
 (11)

 Marketing

 Professional services
 (36)
 (32)

 Amortization of intangibles
 (3)
 (6)

 Lease financing equipment depreciation
 (18)
 (40)

 Other noninterest expense
 (4)
 (1)

 Total noninterest expense
 $
 4,574
 $
 %
 $
 4,201
 $
 (174)
 (4)
 %
 $
 4,375

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 19,955
 —
 %
 19,920
 1,478
 %
 18,442

 Noninterest expense was $4.6 billion, an increase of $373 million, or 9%, from the prior year. Deposit and other insurance expense increased $235 million primarily due to the FDIC DIF special assessment of $214 million and the 2 basis point higher base assessment rate enacted for the banking industry at the beginning of 2023. Personnel costs increased $128 million, or 5%, primarily due to $52 million of expense related to staffing efficiency initiatives, the impact of merit increases, and the impact of the Capstone Partners acquisition, partially offset by $8 million of acquisition-related expenses recognized in the prior year. Marketing expense increased $24 million, or 26%, primarily reflecting actions taken to deepen and acquire new customer relationships. Professional services expense increased $22 million, or 29%, primarily due to an increase in consulting fees related to regulatory and scale initiatives. Partially offsetting these increases, lease financing equipment depreciation decreased $18 million, or 40%, and outside data processing and other services decreased $5 million, or 1%, primarily due to a decrease of $41 million in acquisition-related expenses, partially offset by higher technology investments. Net occupancy remained unchanged as corporate real estate and branch consolidation expenses and a decrease in gain on sale of fixed assets were offset by $32 million in acquisition-related expenses recognized in the prior year.
 52 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Provision for Income Taxes
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " and Note 18 - " Income Taxes " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 The provision for income taxes was $413 million for 2023, compared with $515 million in 2022. The effective tax rates for 2023 and 2022 were 17.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Both years included the benefits from general business credits, tax-exempt income, tax-exempt bank owned life insurance income and investments in qualified affordable housing projects. The decrease in the effective tax rate was largely due to lower pretax income, higher general business credits and an increase in discrete tax benefits, partially offset by capital losses recognized in 2022.
 The net federal deferred tax asset was $616 million, and the net state deferred tax asset was $94 million at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no valuation allowance on federal deferred taxes. In 2023, a decrease of $1 million in the provision for state income taxes, net of federal tax effect, was recorded for the portion of state deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized, compared to a decrease of $3 million, net of federal tax effect, in 2022.

 RISK MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL
 Risk Governance
 Risk awareness, identification and assessment, reporting, and active management are key elements in overall risk management. Controls include, among other, effective segregation of duties, access management, and authorization and reconciliation procedures, as well as staff education and a disciplined assessment process.
 We use a multi-faceted approach to risk governance. It begins with the Board of Directors, which has defined our risk appetite as aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle. This does not preclude engagement in select higher risk activities. Rather, the definition is intended to represent an aggregate view of where we want our overall risk to be managed.
 Three Board committees primarily oversee implementation and monitoring of the risk appetite:
 • Our Risk Oversight Committee assists the Board in overseeing management of material risks, the approval and monitoring of our capital position and plan that aligns to our overall aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite, the risk governance structure, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and determining adherence to the board's stated risk appetite. The ROC has oversight responsibility of our key risk exposures: credit, market, liquidity, compliance, operational, strategic, and reputational. Both our Chief Risk Officer and Credit Review Director report directly to the ROC. This committee also oversees our capital management and planning process, ensures that the amount and quality of capital are adequate in relation to expected and unexpected risks, and that our capital levels exceed "well-capitalized" requirements.
 • Our Technology Committee assists our Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to all technology and cybersecurity strategies and plans. The Technology Committee is charged with evaluating Huntington's capability to properly perform all technology functions necessary for its business plan, including projected growth, technology capacity, planning, operational execution, product development, and management capacity. Our Technology Committee provides oversight of technology investments and plans to drive efficiency as well as to meet defined standards for risk, information security, and redundancy. Our Technology Committee oversees the allocation of technology costs and ensures that they are understood by the Board. Our Technology Committee monitors and evaluates innovation and technology trends that may affect our strategic plans, including monitoring of overall industry trends. The Technology Committee reviews and provides oversight of our continuity and disaster recovery planning and preparedness.
 2023 Form 10-K 53

 • Our Audit Committee oversees the integrity of the consolidated financial statements, including policies, procedures, and practices regarding the preparation of financial statements, the financial reporting process, disclosures, and internal control over financial reporting. The Audit Committee also provides assistance to our Board in overseeing the internal audit department and the independent registered public accounting firm's qualifications and independence; compliance with our Financial Code of Ethics for the chief executive officer and senior financial officers; compliance with corporate securities trading policies; compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; and financial risk exposures in coordination with the ROC.
 Our Audit and Risk Oversight Committees routinely hold executive sessions with our key officers engaged in accounting and risk management. On a periodic basis, the two committees meet in joint session to cover matters relevant to both, such as the construct and appropriateness of the ACL, which is reviewed quarterly. All directors have access to information provided to each committee and all scheduled meetings are open to all directors.
 Our Risk Oversight and Technology Committees hold joint sessions to cover matters relevant to both such as cybersecurity and IT risk and control projects and risk assessments.
 Further, through our Human Resources and Compensation Committee, our Board seeks to ensure its overall compensation programs are balanced and align the interests of management, creditors, and shareholders. We utilize a variety of compensation-related tools to induce appropriate behavior, including common stock ownership thresholds for the chief executive officer and certain members of senior management, equity deferrals, recoupment provisions, and the right to terminate compensation plans at any time.
 Management has implemented an Enterprise Risk Management and Risk Appetite Framework. Critically important is our self-assessment process, in which each first-line business segment produces an analysis of its risks and the strength of its risk controls. The segment analyses are combined with assessments by our second-line risk management organization of major risk sectors (e.g., credit, market, liquidity, operational, compliance, strategic, and reputation) to produce an overall enterprise risk assessment. Outcomes of the process include a determination of the quality of the overall control environment, the direction of risk, and our position compared to the Board's defined risk appetite.
 Management also utilizes a wide range of metrics (key risk indicators) to monitor risk positions throughout the Company. In general, thresholds for each metric are established, which allows the Company to operate within an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite. Deviations from the thresholds will indicate if the risk being measured exceeds desired tolerance, which may then necessitate corrective action.
 We also have executive level committees to manage and oversee risk, including: ALCO, Credit Policy and Strategy, Risk Management, and Capital Management. Each committee focuses on specific categories of risk and is supported by a series of subcommittees that are tactical in nature. We believe this structure helps ensure appropriate escalation of issues and overall communication of strategies.
 Huntington utilizes three lines of defense with regard to risk management: (1) business segments, (2) corporate risk management, and (3) internal audit and credit review. To induce greater ownership of risk within our business segments, segment risk officers have been embedded in the business to identify and monitor risk, elevate and remediate issues, establish controls, perform self-testing, and oversee the self-assessment process. Corporate Risk Management establishes policies, sets operating limits, reviews new or modified products/processes, oversees first-line risk-taking activity, and produces the enterprise risk assessment. The Chief Risk Officer has significant input into the design and outcome of incentive compensation plans. Internal audit and credit review provide additional assurance that risk-related functions are operating as intended.
 Huntington classifies/aggregates risk into seven risk pillars. Huntington recognizes that risks can be interrelated or embedded within each other, and therefore managing across risk pillars is a key component of the framework. The following defines the Company's risk pillars:
 • Credit risk, which is the risk of loss due to loan and lease customers or other counterparties not being able to meet their financial obligations under agreed upon terms;
 • Market risk, which occurs when fluctuations in interest rates impact earnings and capital. Financial impacts are realized through changes in the interest rates of balance sheet assets and liabilities (net interest margin) or directly through valuation changes of capitalized MSR and/or trading assets (noninterest income);
 54 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 • Liquidity risk, which is the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from an inability to meet obligations when they come due. Liquidity risk includes the inability to access funding sources or manage fluctuations in funding levels. Liquidity risk also results from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect our ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value;
 • Operational risk, which is the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes or systems, including information security breaches or cyberattacks, human errors or misconduct, or adverse external events. Operational losses result from internal fraud, external fraud, inadequate or inappropriate employment practices and workplace safety, failure to meet professional obligations involving customers, products, and business practices, damage to physical assets, business disruption and systems failures, and failures in execution, delivery, and process management;
 • Compliance risk, which exposes us to money penalties, enforcement actions, or other sanctions as a result of non-conformance with laws, rules, and regulations that apply to the financial services industry;
 • Strategic risk, which is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings, capital, or enterprise value arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of business decisions or lack of responsiveness to industry / market changes; and
 • Reputation risk, which is the risk that negative publicity regarding an institution's business practices, whether true or not, will cause a decline in the customer base, costly litigation, or revenue reductions.
 A comprehensive discussion of risk management and capital matters affecting us can be found in the Risk Factors section included in Item 1A: Risk Factors and the " Regulatory Matters " section of Item 1: Business of this Form 10-K.
 Some of the more significant processes used to manage and control credit, market, liquidity, operational, and compliance risks are described in the following sections.

 Credit Risk
 Credit risk is the risk of financial loss if a counterparty is not able to meet the agreed upon terms of the financial obligation. The majority of our credit risk is associated with lending activities, as the acceptance and management of credit risk is central to profitable lending. We also have credit risk associated with our investment securities portfolios (see Note 4 - " Investment Securities and Other Securities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We engage with other financial counterparties for a variety of purposes including investing, asset and liability management, mortgage banking, and trading activities. A variety of derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, caps, swaptions, swaption collars, floors, forward contracts, and forward starting interest rate swaps are used in asset and liability management activities to protect against the risk of adverse price or interest rate movements. We also use derivatives, principally loan sale commitments, in hedging our mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments and mortgage loans held for sale. While there is credit risk associated with derivative activity, we believe this exposure is minimal. (See Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 We focus on the early identification, monitoring, and management of all aspects of our credit risk. In addition to the traditional credit risk mitigation strategies of credit policies and processes, market risk management activities, and portfolio diversification, we use quantitative measurement capabilities utilizing external data sources, enhanced modeling technology, and internal stress testing processes. Our ongoing expansion of portfolio management resources is central to our commitment to maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite. In our efforts to identify risk mitigation techniques, we have focused on product design features, origination policies, and solutions for delinquent or stressed borrowers.
 2023 Form 10-K 55

 The maximum level of credit exposure to individual credit borrowers is limited by policy guidelines based on the perceived risk of each borrower or related group of borrowers. Authority to grant commitments sits with the independent credit administration function, with limited exceptions, and is closely monitored and regularly updated. Concentration risk is managed through limits on loan type, industry, and loan quality factors. We focus predominantly on extending credit to consumer and commercial customers with existing or expandable relationships within our primary banking markets, although we will consider lending opportunities outside our primary markets if we believe the associated risks are acceptable and aligned with strategic initiatives. Although we offer a broad set of products, we continue to develop new lending products and opportunities. Each of these new products and opportunities goes through a rigorous development and approval process prior to implementation to ensure our overall objective of maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk portfolio profile.
 The checks and balances in the credit process and the separation of the credit administration and risk management functions are designed to appropriately assess and sanction the level of credit risk being accepted, facilitate the early recognition of credit problems when they occur, and provide for effective problem asset management and resolution. For example, we do not extend additional credit to delinquent borrowers except in certain circumstances that substantially improve our overall repayment or collateral coverage position.
 Loan and Lease Credit Exposure Mix
 At December 31, 2023, our loans and leases totaled $122.0 billion, representing a $2.5 billion, or 2%, increase compared to $119.5 billion at December 31, 2022.
 The table below provides the composition of our total loan and lease portfolio:

 Table 7 - Loan and Lease Portfolio Composition

 2023
 2022

 $
 %
 $
 48,121
 %

 5,228
 5,252

 68,307
 67,013

 22,226

 10,375

 5,899
 5,376

 1,461
 1,379

 53,675
 52,510

 $
 %
 $
 %

 56 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Total commercial loans and leases were $68.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and represented 56% of our total loan and lease credit exposure at that date. Our commercial loan portfolio is diversified by product type, customer size, and geography, and is comprised of the following (see Commercial Credit discussion):
 C&I – C&I loans are made to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases, or other projects, and to institutional sponsors supporting REITs. We focus on borrowers doing business within our geographic markets. C&I loans are generally underwritten individually and secured with the assets of the company and/or the personal guarantee of the business owners. The financing of owner-occupied facilities is considered a C&I loan even though there is improved real estate as collateral. This treatment is a result of the credit decision process, which focuses on cash flow from operations of the business to repay the debt. The operation, sale, rental, or refinancing of the real estate is not considered the primary repayment source for these types of loans. As we have expanded our C&I portfolio, we have developed a series of "vertical specialties" to ensure that new products or lending types are embedded within a structured, centralized Commercial Lending area with designated, experienced credit officers. These specialties are comprised of either targeted industries (for example, healthcare, technology & telecom, finance and insurance, etc.) and/or lending disciplines (equipment finance, distribution finance, asset-based lending, etc.), all of which requires a high degree of expertise and oversight to effectively mitigate and monitor risk. As such, we have dedicated colleagues and teams focused on bringing value-added expertise to these specialty customers.
 CRE – The CRE portfolio includes both CRE commercial and CRE construction loans. CRE commercial loans are loans to developers. We mitigate our risk on these loans by requiring collateral values that exceed the loan amount and underwriting the loan with projected cash flow in excess of the debt service requirement. These loans are made to finance properties such as apartment buildings, office and industrial buildings, and retail shopping centers, and are repaid through cash flows related to the operation, sale, or refinance of the property. Appropriate appraisals are obtained at origination and updated on an as needed basis in compliance with regulatory requirements and our credit policies. CRE construction loans are loans to developers, companies, or individuals used for the construction of a commercial or residential property for which repayment will be generated by the sale or permanent financing of the property. Our CRE construction portfolio primarily consists of multi-family, retail, and warehouse property types. Generally, these loans are for construction projects that have been pre-sold or pre-leased, or have secured permanent financing, as well as loans to real estate companies with significant equity invested in each project. These loans are managed by a specialized real estate lending group that actively monitors the construction phase and manages the loan disbursements according to the predetermined construction schedule.
 Lease Financing – Lease financing products are designed to address the diverse financing needs of small to large companies primarily for the acquisition of equipment. Our lease financing portfolio will utilize a variety of origination partners and third-party sources including equipment manufacturers, dealers, or vendors set up under program structures to generate transactions from a nationwide footprint. High level business lines comprise of industrial finance, specialty finance, healthcare finance, technology finance, and specialized transportation, franchise, & government.
 2023 Form 10-K 57

 Total consumer loans were $53.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and represented 44% of our total loan and lease credit exposure at that date. The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of residential mortgages, automobile loans, home equity loans and lines-of-credit, and RV and marine finance (see Consumer Credit discussion).
 Residential mortgage – Residential mortgage loans represent loans to consumers for the purchase or refinance of a residence. These loans are generally financed over a 15-year to 30-year term, and in most cases, are extended to borrowers to finance their primary residence. Applications are underwritten centrally using consistent credit policies and processes. All residential mortgage loan decisions utilize a full appraisal for collateral valuation. Huntington has not originated or acquired residential mortgages that allow negative amortization or allow the borrower multiple payment options.
 Automobile – Automobile loans are comprised primarily of loans made through automotive dealerships and include exposure in selected states outside of our primary banking markets. The exposure outside of our core footprint states represents 17% of the total exposure, with no individual state representing more than 6%. Applications are underwritten using an automated underwriting system that applies consistent policies and processes across the portfolio.
 Home equity – Home equity lending includes both home equity loans and lines-of-credit. This type of lending, which is secured by a first-lien or junior-lien on the borrower's residence, allows customers to borrow against the equity in their home or refinance existing mortgage debt. Products include closed-end loans which are generally fixed-rate with principal and interest payments, and variable-rate, interest-only lines-of-credit which do not require payment of principal during the 10-year revolving period. The home equity line of credit converts to a 20-year amortizing structure at the end of the revolving period. Applications are underwritten centrally in conjunction with an automated underwriting system. The home equity underwriting criteria is based on minimum credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, and LTV ratios, with current collateral valuations. The underwriting for the floating rate lines of credit also incorporates a stress analysis for rising interest rates.
 RV and marine – RV and marine loans are loans provided to consumers for the purpose of financing recreational vehicles and boats. Loans are originated on an indirect basis through a series of dealerships across 35 states. The loans are underwritten centrally using an application and decisioning system similar to automobile loans. The current portfolio includes 24% of the balances within our core footprint states.
 Other consumer – Other consumer loans primarily consists of consumer loans not secured by real estate, including credit cards, personal unsecured loans, and overdraft balances. We originate these products within our established set of credit policies and guidelines.
 Our loan and lease portfolio is a managed mix of consumer and commercial credits. We manage the overall credit exposure and portfolio composition via a credit concentration policy. The policy designates specific loan types, collateral types, and loan structures to be formally tracked and assigned maximum exposure limits as a percentage of capital. Commercial lending by NAICS categories, specific limits for CRE project types, loans secured by residential real estate, large dollar exposures, and designated high risk loan categories represent examples of specifically tracked components of our concentration management process. There are no identified concentrations that exceed the assigned exposure limit. Our concentration management policy is approved by the ROC and is used to ensure a high quality, well diversified portfolio that is consistent with our overall objective of maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite. Changes to existing concentration limits, incorporating specific information relating to the potential impact on the overall portfolio composition and performance metrics, require the approval of the ROC prior to implementation.
 58 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The table below provides our total loan and lease portfolio segregated by industry type. The changes in the industry composition from December 31, 2022 are consistent with the portfolio growth metrics.

 Table 8 - Loan and Lease Portfolio by Industry Type

 2023
 2022

 Commercial loans and leases:

 Real estate and rental and leasing (1)
 $
 15,897
 %
 $
 16,310
 %

 Retail trade (2)
 11,417
 9,894

 Manufacturing
 7,183
 7,809

 Finance and insurance (1)
 5,025
 5,005

 Health care and social assistance (1)
 4,464
 4,293

 Wholesale Trade
 3,647
 3,922

 Accommodation and food services
 3,107
 3,335

 Transportation and warehousing
 3,107
 3,246

 Utilities
 2,533
 1,298

 Professional, scientific, and technical services
 2,035
 1,899

 Other Services
 1,864
 2,097

 Construction
 1,738
 1,757

 Admin./Support/Waste Mgmt. and Remediation Services
 1,498
 1,370

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation
 1,366
 1,424

 Information
 1,291
 1,167

 Public administration

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
 —
 —

 Educational Services
 —
 —

 Management of companies and enterprises
 —
 —

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
 —
 —

 Unclassified/other
 —
 —

 Total commercial loans and leases by industry category
 68,307
 67,013

 22,226

 Home Equity
 10,375

 5,899
 5,376

 Other consumer loans
 1,461
 1,379

 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1) Non-real estate secured commercial loans to REITs, which are classified in the C&I loan category, are included in the real estate, finance and insurance, and
 health care industry types.
 (2) Amounts include $3.3 billion and $2.3 billion of auto dealer services loans at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 2023 Form 10-K 59

 Commercial Credit
 The primary factors considered in commercial credit approvals are the financial strength of the borrower, assessment of the borrower's management capabilities, cash flows from operations, industry sector trends, type and sufficiency of collateral, type of exposure, transaction structure, and the general economic outlook. While these are the primary factors considered, there are a number of other factors that may be considered in the decision process. We require the signature approval of both the appropriate line of business leaders and independent credit executives. The risk rating, credit exposure amount, and complexity of the credit determines the threshold for approval. Credit officers who understand each local region and are experienced in the industries and loan structures of the requested credit exposure are involved in all loan decisions and have the primary credit authority, with the exception of small business loans. For small business loans, we utilize a centralized loan approval process for standard products and structures. In this centralized decision environment, certain individuals who understand each local region may make credit-extension decisions to preserve our commitment to the communities in which we operate. In addition to disciplined and consistent judgmental factors, a sophisticated credit scoring process is used as a primary evaluation tool in the determination of approving a loan.
 In commercial lending, on-going credit management is dependent on the type and nature of the loan. We monitor all significant exposures. All commercial credit extensions are assigned internal risk ratings reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional rating methodology provides granularity in the portfolio management process. The PD is rated and applied at the borrower level. The LGD is rated and applied based on the specific type of credit extension and the quality and lien position associated with the underlying collateral. The internal risk ratings are assessed at origination and updated at each periodic monitoring event. There is also extensive macro-portfolio management analysis. We review and adjust our risk-rating criteria based on actual experience, which provides us with the current risk level in the portfolio. A centralized portfolio management function monitors and reports on the performance of the entire commercial portfolio, including small business loans, to provide consistent oversight.
 In addition to the initial credit analysis conducted during the approval process, our credit review group performs testing to provide an independent review and assessment of the quality and risk of new loan originations. This group is part of our Risk Management area and conducts portfolio reviews on a risk-based cycle to evaluate individual loans, validate risk ratings, and test the consistency of credit processes.
 Our standardized loan grading system considers many components that directly correlate to loan quality and likelihood of repayment, one of which is guarantor support. On an at least annual basis, we consider, among other things, the guarantor's reputation and creditworthiness, where available, along with various key financial metrics such as liquidity and net worth. Our assessment of the guarantor's credit strength, or lack thereof, is reflected in our risk ratings for such loans, which is directly tied to, and an integral component of, our ACL methodology. When a loan goes to impaired status, viable guarantor support is considered in the determination of a credit loss.
 If our assessment of the guarantor's credit strength yields an inherent capacity to perform, we will seek repayment from the guarantor as part of the collection process and have done so successfully.
 Substantially all loans categorized as Classified (See Note 5 - " Loans and Leases " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) are managed by FRG. FRG is a specialized group of credit professionals that handle the day-to-day management of workouts, commercial recoveries, and problem loan sales. Its responsibilities include developing and implementing action plans, assessing risk ratings, and determining the appropriateness of the allowance, the accrual status, and the ultimate collectability of the Classified loan portfolio.
 C&I PORTFOLIO
 We manage the risks inherent in the C&I portfolio through origination policies, a defined loan concentration policy with established limits, on-going loan-level and portfolio-level reviews, recourse requirements, and continuous portfolio risk management activities. Our origination policies for the C&I portfolio include loan product-type specific policies such as LTV and debt service coverage ratios, as applicable.
 60 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The C&I portfolio continues to have solid origination activity while we maintain a focus on high quality originations. We continue to maintain a proactive approach to identifying borrowers that may be facing financial difficulty in order to maximize the potential credit outcomes. Subsequent to the origination of the loan, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new loan originations.
 CRE PORTFOLIO
 We manage the risks inherent in this portfolio specific to CRE lending, focusing on the quality of the developer and the specifics associated with each project. Generally, we: (1) limit our loans to 80% of the appraised value of the commercial real estate at origination, (2) require net operating cash flows to be 120% of required interest and principal payments, and (3) if the commercial real estate is non-owner occupied, require that pre-leasing generates break-even interest-only debt service. We actively monitor property-type concentrations and both geographic and property-type performance metrics of all CRE loan types, with a focus on loans identified as higher risk based on the risk rating methodology. Both macro-level and loan-level stress-test scenarios based on existing and forecast market conditions are part of the on-going portfolio management process for the CRE portfolio.
 Dedicated real estate professionals originate and manage the portfolio. The portfolio is diversified by property-type and loan size, and this diversification represents a significant portion of the credit risk management strategies employed for this portfolio. Subsequent to the origination of the loan, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new loan originations.
 The following tables present our commercial real estate portfolio by property-type and geographic location.

 Table 9 - Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Property-type

 Amount by Property-Type

 % of Total Loans and Leases

 Amount by Property-Type

 % of Total Loans and Leases

 Multi-family
 $
 4,708
 %
 $
 4,701
 %

 Warehouse/industrial
 2,029
 2,256

 Office
 1,825
 2,167

 Retail
 1,725
 1,841

 Hotel
 1,186

 Other
 1,197
 1,489

 Total commercial real estate loans and leases
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Table 10 - Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Geographic Location

 Amount by Location (1)

 % of Total CRE loans and leases

 Amount by Location (1)

 % of Total CRE loans and leases

 Michigan
 $
 2,498
 %
 $
 3,005
 %

 Ohio
 2,364
 2,674

 Illinois

 Florida

 Texas

 Minnesota

 Wisconsin

 Colorado

 Virginia

 Georgia

 Other
 3,290
 3,535

 Total commercial real estate loans and leases
 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1)Geographic location based on location of underlying collateral.
 2023 Form 10-K 61

 Appraisal values are obtained in conjunction with all originations and renewals, and on an as-needed basis, in compliance with regulatory requirements and to ensure appropriate decisions regarding the on-going management of the portfolio reflect the changing market conditions. Appraisals are obtained from approved vendors and are reviewed by an internal appraisal review group comprised of certified appraisers to ensure the quality of the valuation used in the underwriting process. We continue to perform on-going portfolio level reviews within the CRE portfolio. These reviews generate action plans based on occupancy levels or leasing revenues associated with the projects being reviewed. This highly individualized process requires working closely with all of our borrowers, as well as an in-depth knowledge of CRE project lending and the market environment.
 Following the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work options have led to increased vacancy rates and underutilization of office space across the country. Our office portfolio, which is predominantly suburban and multi-tenant loans, totaled $1.8 billion, or 1%, of total loans and leases, as of December 31, 2023. We have established ACL reserves of approximately 10% for our office portfolio. At December 31, 2023, there was $25 million of outstanding balances in the office portfolio that were 30 or more days past due.
 LEASE FINANCING
 We manage the risks inherent in the Lease Financing portfolio through external consumer and business credit scoring solutions, internally developed custom probability of default and loss given default models, continuous portfolio risk management activities, and equipment and customer diversification. Our origination policies are aligned by transaction size with increased use of the personal guarantee of principals and external credit scoring tools for smaller transactions and expanded financial analysis and reporting requirements for larger transactions. Our program focuses on high-quality manufacturer, distributor, vendor, or third party originations sources with in-depth partner diligence. The lease financing group may use manufacturer loss risk share programs that provide additional transaction support, but the origination strategy prioritizes strong customer financial condition.
 High level business lines are comprised of Industrial Finance, Specialty Finance, Healthcare Finance, Technology Finance, and Specialized Transportation, Franchise, and Government with multiple segments under each main line. We also have specific equipment types or industries designated as low tolerance with additional front-end guidance and diligence requirements. Subsequent to the origination of the lease, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new lease originations.
 Consumer Credit
 Consumer credit approvals are based on, among other factors, the financial strength and payment history of the borrower, type of exposure, and transaction structure. Consumer credit decisions are generally made in a centralized environment utilizing decision models. Importantly, certain individuals who understand each local region have the authority to make credit extension decisions to preserve our focus on the local communities in which we operate. For all classes within the consumer loan portfolio, loans are assigned pool level PD factors based on the FICO range within which the borrower's credit bureau score falls. The credit bureau score is widely accepted as the standard measure of consumer credit risk used by lenders, regulators, rating agencies, and consumers. The LGD is related to the type of collateral associated with the credit extension, which typically does not change over the course of the loan term. This allows Huntington to maintain a current view of the customer for credit risk management and ACL purposes.
 In consumer lending, credit risk is managed from a segment (i.e., loan type, collateral position, geography, etc.) and vintage performance analysis. All portfolio segments are continuously monitored for changes in delinquency trends and other asset quality indicators. We make extensive use of portfolio assessment models to continuously monitor the quality of the portfolio, which may result in changes to future origination strategies. The credit review group conducts ongoing independent credit origination and process reviews to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the consumer credit processes.
 Collection actions by our customer assistance team are initiated as needed through a centrally managed collection and recovery function. We employ a series of collection methodologies designed to maintain a high level of effectiveness, while maximizing efficiency. In addition to the consumer loan portfolio, the customer assistance team is responsible for collection activity on all sold and securitized consumer loans and leases. Collection practices include a single contact point for the majority of the residential real estate secured portfolios.
 62 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE SECURED PORTFOLIOS
 The properties securing our residential mortgage and home equity portfolios are primarily located within our geographic footprint. Huntington continues to support our local markets with consistent underwriting across all residential secured products. The residential secured portfolio originations continue to be of high quality. Our portfolio management strategies associated with our Home Savers group allow us to focus on effectively helping our customers with appropriate solutions for their specific circumstances.
 Huntington underwrites all residential mortgage applications centrally, with a focus on higher quality borrowers. We do not originate residential mortgages that allow negative amortization or allow the borrower multiple payment options. Residential mortgages are originated based on a completed full appraisal during the credit underwriting process. We update values in compliance with applicable regulations to facilitate our portfolio management, as well as our workout and loss mitigation functions.
 We are subject to repurchase risk associated with residential mortgage loans sold in the secondary market. An appropriate level of reserve for representations and warranties related to residential mortgage loans sold has been established to address this repurchase risk inherent in the portfolio.
 AUTOMOBILE PORTFOLIO
 Our strategy in the automobile portfolio continues to focus on high quality borrowers as measured by both FICO and internal custom scores, combined with appropriate LTVs, terms, and profitability. Our strategy and operational capabilities allow us to appropriately manage the origination quality across the entire portfolio, including our newer markets. Although increased origination volume and entering new markets can be associated with increased risk levels, we believe our disciplined strategy and operational processes significantly mitigate these risks.
 We have continued to consistently execute our value proposition and take advantage of available market opportunities. Importantly, we have maintained our high credit quality standards while also maintaining strong origination volume.
 RV AND MARINE PORTFOLIO
 Our strategy in the RV and Marine portfolio focuses on high quality borrowers, combined with appropriate LTVs, terms, and profitability. Although entering new markets can be associated with increased risk levels, we believe our disciplined strategy and operational processes significantly mitigate these risks.
 Credit Quality
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 5 - " Loans and Leases and Note 6 - " Allowance for Credit Losses " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 We believe the most meaningful way to assess overall credit quality performance is through an analysis of specific performance ratios. This approach forms the basis of the discussion in the sections immediately following: NPAs, NALs, ACL, and NCOs. In addition, we utilize delinquency rates, risk distribution and migration patterns, product segmentation, and origination trends in the analysis of our credit quality performance.
 Credit quality performance in 2023 reflected NCOs of $273 million, or 0.23%, of average total loans and leases, an increase from $121 million, or 0.11%, in the prior year, driven by an $143 million increase in Commercial NCOs. NPAs increased $117 million, or 20%, to $711 million, primarily driven by increases in commercial and industrial and commercial real estate NALs.
 NPAs and NALs
 NPAs consist of (1) NALs, which represent loans and leases no longer accruing interest, (2) OREO properties, and (3) other NPAs. Any loan or lease in our portfolio may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to the policies described below when collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Also, when a borrower with discharged non-reaffirmed debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is identified and the loan or lease is determined to be collateral dependent, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.
 2023 Form 10-K 63

 Commercial loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status at 90-days past due, or earlier if repayment of principal and interest is in doubt. Of the $498 million of commercial related NALs at December 31, 2023, $260 million, or 52%, represent loans and leases that were less than 30-days past due, demonstrating our continued commitment to proactive credit risk management. With the exception of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by government organizations which continue to accrue interest, first lien loans secured by residential mortgage collateral are placed on nonaccrual status at 150-days past due. Junior-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at the earlier of 120-days past due or when the related first-lien loan has been identified as nonaccrual. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120-days past due, and if not fully charged-off are placed on non-accrual.
 When loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual, any accrued interest is reversed against interest income. When, in our judgment, the borrower's ability to make required interest and principal payments has resumed and collectability is no longer in doubt, the loan or lease could be returned to accrual status.
 The following table reflects period-end NALs and NPAs detail:

 Table 11 - Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Nonperforming Assets

 2023
 2022

 Nonaccrual loans and leases (NALs):

 $
 $

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 Other real estate, net

 Other NPAs (1)

 Total nonperforming assets
 $
 $

 Nonaccrual loans and leases as a % of total loans and leases
 0.55
 %
 0.48
 %

 NPA ratio (2)
 0.58
 0.50

 (1)Other nonperforming assets include certain impaired investment securities and/or nonaccrual loans held-for-sale.
 (2)Nonperforming assets divided by the sum of loans and leases, other real estate owned, and other NPAs.
 ACL
 Our ACL is comprised of two different components, both of which in our judgment are appropriate to absorb lifetime expected credit losses in our loan and lease portfolio: the ALLL and the AULC.
 We use statistically-based models that employ assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of the loan. The process of estimating expected credit losses is based on three key parameters: PD, EAD, and LGD. Beyond the reasonable and supportable period (two to three years), the economic variables revert to a historical equilibrium at a pace dependent on the state of the economy reflected within the economic scenario.
 64 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Future economic conditions consider multiple macroeconomic scenarios provided to us by an independent third party and are reviewed through the Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee described below. These macroeconomic scenarios contain certain variables that are influential to our modeling process, the most significant being unemployment rates and GDP. The probability weights assigned to each scenario are generally expected to be consistent from period to period. Any changes in probability weights must be supported by appropriate documentation and approval of senior management. Additionally, we consider whether to adjust the modeled estimates to address possible limitations within the models or factors not captured within the macroeconomic scenarios. Lifetime losses for most of our loans and leases are evaluated collectively based on similar risk characteristics, risk ratings, origination credit bureau scores, delinquency status, and remaining months within loan agreements, among other factors.
 The baseline scenario used for the 2023 fourth quarter assumes softening of the labor market is underway and will continue through early 2025 causing the unemployment rate to gradually increase, peaking at 4.1% in the first quarter of 2025 before marginally improving to 3.9% by 2027. The overnight federal funds rate is forecasted to have peaked during the third quarter of 2023, remaining at this terminal level until mid-2024 as the Federal Reserve continues to address inflation levels and tightness in the labor market. The Federal Reserve is expected to start cutting rates in the third quarter of 2024 at a rate of 25 basis points per quarter until reaching 3% in late 2026. Inflation is forecasted to drop from 3.3% year over year at the end of 2023 to the Federal Reserve's target rate of 2% by the fourth quarter of 2024. The GDP forecast for 2024 has fallen from prior year end, a result of elevated interest rates and tightening credit conditions over the past year. GDP is now forecasted to be 1.5% by the fourth quarter of 2024.
 Management uses a probability-weighted approach that incorporates a baseline, an adverse and a more favorable economic scenario when formulating the quantitative estimate for the allowance. The table below is intended to show how the forecasted path of unemployment and GDP in the baseline scenario has changed between those used in the year 2022 and 2023 ACL determination:

 Table 12 - Forecasted Key Macroeconomic Variables

 2022
 2023
 2024

 Baseline scenario forecast
 Q4
 Q2
 Q4
 Q2
 Q4

 Unemployment rate (1)

 4Q 2022
 3.7%
 3.9%
 4.1%
 4.1%
 3.9%

 4Q 2023
 N/A
 N/A
 3.8
 3.9
 4.0

 Gross Domestic Product (1)

 4Q 2022
 (0.1)%
 0.4%
 2.0%
 2.3%
 2.7%

 4Q 2023
 N/A
 N/A
 0.8
 1.2
 1.5

 (1)Values reflect the baseline scenario forecast inputs for each period presented, not updated for subsequent actual amounts.
 Management continues to assess the uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, including ongoing risks in the commercial real estate environment, current inflation levels, political uncertainty, and geopolitical instability, considering multiple macroeconomic forecasts that reflected a range of possible outcomes. While we have incorporated estimates of economic uncertainty into our ACL, the ultimate impact of specific challenges in the commercial real estate industry, recent inflation levels, higher interest rates, and the significant conflicts on-going around the world will have on the economy remains unknown.
 Management develops additional analytics to support adjustments to our modeled results. Our Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee reviewed model results of each economic scenario for appropriate usage, concluding that the quantitative transaction reserve will continue to utilize scenario weighting. Given the uncertainty associated with key economic scenario assumptions, the December 31, 2023 ACL included a general reserve that consists of various risk profile components, including profiles to capture uncertainty not addressed within the quantitative transaction reserve.
 2023 Form 10-K 65

 Our Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee is responsible for developing the methodology, assumptions and estimates used in the calculation, as well as determining the appropriateness of the ACL. The ALLL represents the estimate of lifetime expected losses in the loan and lease portfolio at the reported date. The loss modeling process uses an EAD concept to calculate total expected losses on both funded balances and unfunded lending commitments, where appropriate. Losses related to the unfunded lending commitments are then recorded as AULC within other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. A liability for expected credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recognized if Huntington has a present contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancelable.
 The AULC is determined by applying the same quantitative reserve determination process to the unfunded portion of the loan exposures adjusted by an applicable funding expectation. (See Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
 Our ACL evaluation process includes the on-going assessment of credit quality metrics, and a comparison of certain ACL benchmarks to current performance. For further information, including the ALLL and AULC activity by portfolio segment, refer to Note 6 - " Allowance for Credit Losses " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 The table below reflects the allocation of our ALLL among our various loan and lease categories as well as certain coverage metrics of the reported ALLL and ACL:

 Table 13 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses

 2023
 2022

 Allocation of Allowance
 % of Total ALLL
 % of Total Loans and Leases (1)
 Allocation of Allowance
 % of Total ALLL
 % of Total Loans and Leases (1)

 $
 %
 %
 $
 %
 %

 1,563
 1,424

 Consumer

 Total ALLL
 2,255
 2,121

 AULC

 Total ACL
 $
 2,400
 $
 2,271

 Total ALLL as % of:

 1.85
 %
 1.77
 %

 Nonaccrual loans and leases

 NPAs

 Total ACL as % of:

 1.97
 %
 1.90
 %

 Nonaccrual loans and leases

 NPAs

 (1)Percentages represent the percentage of each loan and lease category to total loans and leases.
 At December 31, 2023, the ACL was $2.4 billion, or 1.97%, of total loans and leases, compared to $2.3 billion, or 1.90%, at December 31, 2022. The increase in the total ACL was primarily driven by a combination of loan and lease growth and modest overall coverage ratio builds throughout 2023. The ACL coverage ratio at December 31, 2023 is reflective of the current macro-economic environment.
 66 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 NCOs
 A loan in any portfolio may be charged-off prior to the policies described below if a loss confirming event has occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, foreclosure, or receipt of an asset valuation indicating a collateral deficiency where that asset is the sole source of repayment. Additionally, discharged, collateral dependent non-reaffirmed debt in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings will result in a charge-off to estimated collateral value, less anticipated selling costs at the time of discharge.
 Commercial loans and leases are either charged-off or written down to net realizable value by 90-days past due with the exception of administrative small ticket lease delinquencies. Automobile loans, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120-days past due. First-lien and junior-lien home equity loans are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150-days past due and 120-days past due, respectively. Residential mortgages are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150-days past due. The remaining balance is in delinquent status until a modification can be completed, or the loan goes through the foreclosure process.
 The following table reflects NCO detail:

 Table 14 - Net Loan and Lease Charge-offs

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Net charge-offs (recoveries) by loan and lease type:

 $
 $
 (2)
 $

 (6)

 (2)
 (1)

 (6)

 (1)
 (5)
 (5)

 Total net charge-offs
 $
 $
 $

 Net charge-offs (recoveries) - annualized percentages:

 0.22
 %
 —
 %
 0.26
 %

 0.43
 0.06
 0.16

 (0.12)
 0.18
 1.18

 0.23
 0.03
 0.31

 0.01
 (0.01)
 —

 0.16
 0.05
 (0.05)

 (0.01)
 (0.05)
 (0.05)

 0.21
 0.15
 0.10

 6.03
 7.55
 5.56

 0.22
 0.21
 0.12

 Net charge-offs as a % of average loans
 0.23
 %
 0.11
 %
 0.22
 %

 2023 Form 10-K 67

 NCOs were 0.23% of average loans and leases in 2023, up from 0.11% in 2022. NCOs for commercial loans and leases were higher, with net charge-offs of 0.23% in 2023 compared to 0.03% in 2022, driven by increases in both commercial and industrial and commercial real estate portfolios and reflecting the continued normalization of net charge-offs. Consumer net charge-offs were modestly higher in 2023 compared to 2022, with increases in the automobile and RV and marine portfolios partially offset by lower NCOs in other consumer loans.

 Market Risk
 Market risk refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, and commodity prices, including the correlation among these factors and their volatility. When the value of an instrument is tied to such external factors, the holder faces market risk. We are primarily exposed to interest rate risk as a result of offering a wide array of financial products to our customers, and secondarily, to price risk from trading securities, securities owned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries, foreign exchange positions, equity investments, and investments in securities backed by mortgage loans.
 We measure market risk exposure via financial simulation models, which provide management with insights on the potential impact to net interest income and other key metrics as a result of changes in market interest rates. Models are used to simulate cash flows and accrual characteristics of the balance sheet based on assumptions regarding the slope or shape of the yield curve, the direction and volatility of interest rates, and the changing composition and characteristics of the balance sheet resulting from strategic objectives and customer behavior. Our models incorporate market-based assumptions that include the impact of changing interest rates on prepayment rates of assets and runoff of deposits. The models also include our projections of the future volume and pricing of various business lines.
 In measuring the financial risks associated with interest rate sensitivity in our balance sheet, we compare a set of alternative interest rate scenarios to the results of a base case scenario derived using market forward rates. The market forward rates reflect the market consensus regarding the future level and slope of the yield curve across a range of tenor points. The standard set of interest rate scenarios includes two types: "shock" scenarios which are immediate parallel rate shifts, and "ramp" scenarios where the parallel shift is applied gradually over the first 12 months of the forecast on a pro rata basis. In both shock and ramp scenarios with falling rates, we presume that market rates will not go below 0%. The scenarios are inclusive of all executed interest rate risk hedging activities. Forward starting hedges are included to the extent that they have been transacted and that they start within the measurement horizon.
 A key driver of our interest rate risk profile is our interest-bearing deposit repricing sensitivity assumptions to changes in interest rates, otherwise known as deposit beta. In addition, our interest expense is impacted by the composition of both interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits in relation to our total deposits. Accordingly, we consider the impacts from both interest-bearing and noninterest bearing deposits on our total deposit beta. Our cumulative to-date total deposit beta (total cost of deposits) is 41% within the current rate cycle, which started in March 2022.
 Interest rate risk is measured across a range of scenarios and the results are reported to the ROC at least quarterly. A comprehensive discussion of risk management governance can be found in Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the " Risk Governance " section of this Form 10-K.
 We use two approaches to model interest rate risk: Net interest income at risk (NII at risk) and economic value of equity at risk modeling sensitivity analysis (EVE at Risk).
 NII at Risk is used by management to measure the risk and impact to earnings over the next 12 months, using a variety of interest rate scenarios. The NII at Risk results included in the table below reflect the analysis used monthly by management. It models gradual "ramp" -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel shift scenarios implied by the forward yield curve over the next 12 months.
 68 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 15 - Net Interest Income at Risk

 Federal Funds Rate (1)
 Federal Funds Rate (1)

 Basis point change scenario
 Starting Point (2)
 Month 12 (3)
 NII at Risk (%)
 Starting Point (2)
 Month 12 (3)
 NII at Risk (%)

 +200
 5.50
 5.75
 5.5
 4.50
 6.75
 4.0

 +100
 5.50
 4.75
 3.0
 4.50
 5.75
 2.0

 Base
 5.50
 3.75
 —
 4.50
 4.75
 —

 -100
 5.50
 2.75
 -2.8
 4.50
 3.75
 -2.0

 -200
 5.50
 1.75
 -5.6
 4.50
 2.75
 -4.1

 (1)Represents the upper bound.
 (2)Represents the spot federal funds rate.
 (3)Represents the federal funds rate in month 12 given a gradual, parallel "ramp" relative to the base implied forward scenario.
 The NII at Risk shows that the balance sheet is asset sensitive at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The primary drivers to the change in sensitivity during 2023 include changes in the projected composition and characteristics of the balance sheet, pricing assumptions, hedging activity, and the evolution of market rates over the next 12 months.
 EVE at Risk is used by management to measure the impact of interest rate changes on the net present value of assets and liabilities, including derivative exposures. The EVE results included in the table below reflect the analysis used monthly by management. It models immediate -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel "shock" scenarios from the yield curve term points at the specific point in time that EVE sensitivity is measured.

 Table 16 - Economic Value of Equity at Risk

 Economic Value of Equity at Risk (%)

 Basis point change scenario
 -200
 -100
 +100
 +200

 0.1
 1.6
 -3.8
 -8.8

 9.0
 5.9
 -8.0
 -17.3

 The change in sensitivity from December 31, 2022 was driven primarily by changes in the composition and characteristics of the balance sheet, routine enhancements to deposit and prepayment modeling assumptions, changes in hedging activity aligned with interest rate risk positioning through macroeconomic cycles, and market rates.
 To address the discontinuance of LIBOR, we established a LIBOR transition team and project plan under the oversight of the CRO and CFO, providing periodic updates to the ROC. Contract remediation efforts coordinated by the LIBOR transition team were complete as of June 2023. Upon the discontinuation of LIBOR, loans and leases that referenced LIBOR were transitioned to a SOFR-based replacement rate as set forth in the related contract. For further details on the transition of notional derivatives, refer to the Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate Risk section below.
 Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate Risk
 An integral component of our interest rate risk management strategy is the use of derivative instruments to minimize significant fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in market interest rates. Examples of derivative instruments that we may use as part of our interest rate risk management strategy include interest rate swaps, caps and floors, collars, forward contracts, and forward starting interest rate swaps.
 Table 17 shows all swap, swaption, swaption collar and floor positions that are utilized for purposes of managing our exposures to the variability of interest rates. The interest rates variability may impact either the fair value of the assets and liabilities or impact the cash flows attributable to net interest margin. These positions are used to protect the fair value of asset and liabilities by converting the contractual interest rate on a specified amount of assets and liabilities (i.e., notional amounts) to another interest rate index. The positions are also used to hedge the variability in cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rate by converting the variable rate index into a fixed rate. The volume, maturity, and mix of derivative positions change frequently as we adjust our broader interest rate risk management objectives and the balance sheet positions to be hedged. For further information, including the notional amount and fair values of these derivatives, refer to Note 20 - " Derivative Financial Instruments " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 2023 Form 10-K 69

 The following presents additional information about the interest rate swaps, swaptions, swaption collars, and floors used in Huntington's asset and liability management activities.

 Table 17 - Information on Asset Liability Management Instruments

 Notional Value
 Weighted-Average Maturity (years)

 Fair
 Value
 Weighted-Average Fixed Rate
 Weighted-Average Reset Rate

 Asset conversion swaps

 Securities (1):

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR
 $
 10,721
 3.11
 $
 1.37
 %
 5.42
 %

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR - forward starting (2)
 8.46
 2.81
 —

 Loans:

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 9,275
 3.06
 (243)
 2.77
 5.34

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (3)
 1,400
 4.20
 (19)
 2.90
 —

 Liability conversion swaps

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 7,568
 3.40
 (199)
 2.95
 5.14

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (3)
 2,125
 3.16
 4.33
 —

 Purchased floor spreads (4)

 Purchased Floor Spread - SOFR
 5,000
 2.29
 2.97 / 3.97
 —

 Purchased Floor Spread - SOFR forward starting (3)
 1,000
 5.54
 $
 1.88 / 3.38
 —

 Basis swaps (5)

 Pay SOFR- Receive Fed Fund (economic hedges)
 2.58
 —
 5.33
 5.41

 Pay Fed Fund - Receive SOFR (economic hedges)
 11.81
 —
 5.45
 5.33

 Total swap portfolio

 $
 38,192
 $

 Asset conversion swaps

 Securities (1):

 Pay Fixed - Receive 1 month LIBOR
 $
 8,024
 3.89
 $
 0.93
 %
 4.37
 %

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR
 7.02
 1.46
 3.82

 Pay Fixed - Receive 1 month LIBOR - forward starting (6)
 7.31
 1.62
 —

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR - forward starting (7)
 1,926
 6.17
 2.17
 —

 Loans:

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (8)
 2,950
 4.91
 (109)
 2.64
 —

 Receive Fixed - Pay 1 month LIBOR
 7,875
 1.41
 (390)
 1.21
 4.20

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 8,700
 3.55
 (351)
 2.57
 3.90

 Liability conversion swaps

 Receive Fixed - Pay 1 month LIBOR
 1,430
 1.85
 (60)
 2.01
 4.25

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 6,299
 4.91
 (201)
 3.16
 3.36

 Purchased swaption collars (4)

 Purchased Interest Rate Swaption Collars
 4,800
 0.27
 (6)
 2.87 / 4.05
 —

 Basis swaps (5)

 Pay SOFR- Receive Fed Fund (economic hedges)
 3.58
 —
 4.33
 4.31

 Pay Fed Fund - Receive SOFR (economic hedges)
 12.81
 —
 4.35
 4.33

 Total swap portfolio
 $
 42,636
 $
 (137)

 (1)Amounts include interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate investment securities using the portfolio layer method.
 (2)Forward starting swaps effective starting from April 2025 to October 2027.
 (3)Forward starting swaps effective starting from April 2024 to March 2025.
 (4)The weighted average fixed rates for floor spread and swaption collars are the weighted average strike rates for the upper and lower bounds of the instruments.
 (5)Basis swaps have variable pay and variable receive resets. Weighted average fixed fate column represents pay rate reset.
 (6)Forward starting swaps effective starting from January 2023 to February 2023.
 (7)Forward starting swaps effective starting from January 2023 to October 2027.
 (8)Forward starting swaps effective starting from January 2023 to July 2024.
 During the year ended December 31, 2023, we purchased interest rate swaptions to reduce the impact on capital from rising rates. These swaptions were economic hedges of interest rate risk attributable to our investment securities with the change in value of these instruments recorded in other noninterest income. We terminated these positions during the 2023 fourth quarter. Cumulatively for the full-year, the net unfavorable mark-to-market on the pay-fixed swaptions program totaled $24 million.
 70 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 In the second quarter of 2023, all cleared derivatives that referenced LIBOR transitioned from LIBOR to a SOFR-based replacement rate in accordance with the conventions established by the applicable clearinghouse. Upon the discontinuation of LIBOR, all over-the-counter derivatives that referenced LIBOR were transitioned to a SOFR-based replacement rate as set forth in the related contract. Those derivatives that did not have a clearly defined or practicable replacement benchmark rate set forth in the related contract used the LIBOR Act to replace LIBOR with a SOFR-based rate established by FRB rulemaking. For every LIBOR referenced instrument with a reset date after the LIBOR cessation date, counterparties received a LIBOR referenced instrument maturing on the first reset date after the LIBOR cessation date, and a forward starting SOFR instrument. The instruments received through the transition were economically similar to the instruments held prior to the transition.
 Use of Derivatives to Manage Credit Risk
 We may utilize credit derivatives as a tool to manage credit risk within the portfolio by purchasing credit protection over certain types of loan products. When we purchase credit protection, such as a CDS, we pay a fee to the seller, or CDS counterparty, in return for the right to receive a payment if a specified credit event occurs. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we completed a synthetic CRT transaction consisting of a CDS to mitigate credit risk associated with a $3 billion portfolio of on-balance sheet prime indirect auto loans and which benefited our regulatory capital ratios by reducing the RWA on the associated pool of loans by approximately $2.4 billion.

 MSRs
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 7 - " Mortgage Loan Sales and Servicing Rights " of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 At December 31, 2023, we had a total of $515 million of capitalized MSRs representing the right to service $33.2 billion in mortgage loans.
 MSR fair values are sensitive to movements in interest rates as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which can be reduced by prepayments and declines in credit quality. Prepayments usually increase when mortgage interest rates decline and decrease when mortgage interest rates rise. We also employ hedging strategies to reduce the risk of MSR fair value changes or impairment. However, volatile changes in interest rates can diminish the effectiveness of these economic hedges. We report changes in the MSR value net of hedge-related trading activity in the mortgage banking income category of noninterest income.
 MSR assets are included in servicing rights and other intangible assets in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Price Risk
 Price risk represents the risk of loss arising from adverse movements in the prices of financial instruments that are carried at fair value and are subject to fair value accounting. We have price risk from trading securities, securities owned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries, foreign exchange positions, derivative instruments, and equity investments. We have established loss limits on the trading portfolio, on the amount of foreign exchange exposure that can be maintained, and on the amount of marketable equity securities that can be held.

 Liquidity Risk
 Liquidity risk is the possibility of us being unable to meet current and future financial obligations in a timely manner. The goal of liquidity management is to ensure adequate, stable, reliable, and cost-effective sources of funds to satisfy changes in loan and lease demand, unexpected levels of deposit withdrawals, investment opportunities, and other contractual obligations. We consider core earnings, strong capital ratios, and credit quality essential for maintaining high credit ratings, which allows us cost-effective access to market-based liquidity. We mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining liquid assets in the form of cash, cash equivalents, and securities. In addition, we maintain a large, stable core deposit base and a diversified base of readily available wholesale funding sources, including secured funding sources from the FHLB and Federal Reserve through pledged borrowing capacity, issuance through dealers in the capital markets, and access to certificates of deposit issued through brokers.
 2023 Form 10-K 71

 The Board of Directors is responsible for establishing an acceptable level of liquidity risk at Huntington, including approval of the liquidity risk appetite at least annually. The liquidity risk appetite includes certain structural and contingent liquidity risk metrics and limits that are designed and monitored to ensure Huntington maintains adequate liquidity to meet current and future funding needs, including during periods of potential stress. Further, the ALCO is appointed by the ROC to oversee liquidity risk management, including the establishment of liquidity risk policies and additional liquidity risk metrics and limits to support our overall liquidity risk appetite. Liquidity risk appetite metrics monitored by senior management and reported to the Board at least semi-annually include loans as a percentage of core deposits, a structural funding ratio, internal liquidity stress test coverage ratios, and a holding company cash coverage ratio. Additional key liquidity risk metrics monitored by senior management and reported to ALCO monthly include non-core funds (such as brokered deposits and wholesale borrowings) as a percentage of tangible assets, various deposit concentration limits, including large dollar depositor and brokered deposit limits, and varying types of internally defined liquidity coverage ratios, including minimum reserve balances at the FRB and U.S. Treasury holdings relative to internal liquidity stress outflows. Our liquidity risk metric monitoring thresholds are evaluated at a minimum annually, and more frequently if conditions warrant.
 Liquidity risk is managed centrally by Corporate Treasury with independent oversight of liquidity risk performed by Corporate Risk Management. Our liquidity position is evaluated daily, weekly, and monthly by analyzing the composition of all funding sources, reviewing projected liquidity commitments by future months, and identifying sources and uses of funds. The overall management of our liquidity position is also integrated into consumer and commercial pricing policies to ensure a stable core deposit base. Liquidity risk is reviewed and managed continuously for the Bank and the parent company, as well as its subsidiaries. In addition, liquidity working groups meet regularly to identify and monitor liquidity positions, provide policy guidance, review funding strategies, and oversee the adherence to, and maintenance of, contingency funding plans. At December 31, 2023, management believes current sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet Huntington's on and off-balance sheet obligations.
 We maintain a contingency funding plan that provides for liquidity stress testing, which assesses the potential erosion of funds in the event of an institution-specific event or systemic financial market crisis. Examples of institution specific events could include a downgrade in our public credit rating by a rating agency, a large charge to earnings, declines in profitability or other financial measures, declines in liquidity sources including reductions in deposit balances or access to contingent funding sources, or a significant merger or acquisition. Examples of systemic events unrelated to us that could have an effect on our access to liquidity could include terrorism or war, natural disasters, political events, failure of a major financial institution, or the default or bankruptcy of a major corporation, mutual fund, or hedge fund. Similarly, market speculation or rumors about us, or the banking industry in general, may adversely affect the cost and availability of normal funding sources. The contingency funding plan, which is reviewed and approved by the ROC at least annually, outlines the process for addressing a liquidity crisis and provides for an evaluation of funding sources under various market conditions. It also assigns specific roles and responsibilities and communication protocols for effectively managing liquidity through a problem period and outlines early warning indicators that are used to monitor emerging liquidity stress events.
 Our largest source of liquidity on a consolidated basis is core deposits, which provide stable and lower-cost funding. Core deposits were $145.5 billion at December 31, 2023 which comprised 96% of total deposits, compared to $142.1 billion, and 96% of total deposits at December 31, 2022. The $3.3 billion increase in core deposits, compared to December 31, 2022, was primarily driven by an increase in consumer deposits, largely money market and certificates of deposits, partially offset by a decrease in commercial core deposits driven by shifts to off-balance sheet liquidity solutions we provide for our customers. Our core deposits come from a base of primary bank customer relationships, and we continue to focus on acquiring and deepening those relationships resulting in our granular and diversified deposit base.
 Non-core deposits consist primarily of brokered money market balances. Non-core deposits were $5.8 billion, or 4% of total deposits, at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Non-core deposits were below our established liquidity risk metric limits at December 31, 2023.
 Insured deposits comprised approximately 70% of our total deposits at December 31, 2023, compared to 68% at December 31, 2022. Throughout 2023, we maintained one of the highest levels of insured deposits amongst banks with more than $100 billion in deposits.
 72 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 18 - Deposit Composition

 2023
 2022

 By Type:

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 $
 30,967
 %
 $
 38,242
 %

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 39,190
 43,136

 Money market deposits
 44,947
 36,082

 Savings and other domestic deposits
 16,722
 20,357

 Core certificates of deposit (1)
 13,626
 4,324

 Total core deposits:
 145,452
 142,141

 Other domestic deposits of $250,000 or more
 —
 —

 Negotiable CDs, brokered and other deposits
 5,331
 5,553

 Total deposits
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Total core deposits:

 $
 60,547
 %
 $
 64,107
 %

 Consumer
 84,905
 78,034

 Total core deposits
 $
 145,452
 %
 $
 142,141
 %

 Total deposits (insured/uninsured):

 Insured deposits
 $
 105,986
 %
 $
 100,631
 %

 Uninsured deposits (2)
 45,244
 47,283

 Total deposits
 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1)Includes consumer certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more.
 (2)Represents consolidated Huntington uninsured deposits, determined by adjusting the amounts reported in the Bank Call Report (FFIEC 031) by inter-company deposits, which are not customer deposits and are therefore eliminated through consolidation. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank Call Report uninsured deposit balance was $49.8 billion, which includes $4.6 billion of inter-company deposits. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank Call Report uninsured deposit balance was $84.6 billion, which includes $37.3 billion of inter-company deposits.

 3 months
or less
 3 months
to 6 months
 6 months
to 12 months
 12 months
or more
 Total

 Portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of insurance limit
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,367

 Cash and cash equivalents were $10.1 billion and $6.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $3.4 billion increase in cash and cash equivalents is primarily due to an increase in interest-bearing deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank to support short-term liquidity.
 Our investment securities portfolio is evaluated under established ALCO objectives. Changing market conditions could affect the profitability of the portfolio, as well as the level of interest rate risk exposure.
 Total investment securities were $41.2 billion at December 31, 2023, compared to $40.5 billion at December 31, 2022. The $686 million increase in securities compared to December 31, 2022, was due to a managed increase in the portfolio through the purchase of U.S. Treasuries, in addition to an increase in fair market value, partially offset by maturities during the year. At December 31, 2023, the duration of the investment securities portfolio was 4.5 years, or 3.7 years net of hedging. Securities are pledged to secure borrowing capacity with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve, discussed further in the Bank Liquidity and Sources of Funding section below. At December 31, 2023, investment securities with market value of $5.8 billion were unpledged.
 2023 Form 10-K 73

 The weighted average yield by maturity of the investment securities portfolio is presented on the following table:

 Table 19 - Investment Securities Weighted Average Yield by Maturity

 1 year or less

 After 1 year through 5 years
 After 5 years through 10 years
 After 10 years
 Total

 U.S. Treasury
 5.40
 %
 4.15
 %
 —
 %
 —
 %
 5.40
 %

 —
 —
 2.46
 3.22
 3.22

 —
 —
 1.66
 2.17
 2.17

 —
 —
 —
 2.85
 2.85

 2.55
 1.55
 7.33
 7.09
 4.52

 Total U.S. Treasury, Federal agency, and other agency securities
 5.40
 1.71
 2.93
 2.47
 2.85

 6.65
 5.95
 4.76
 4.63
 5.36

 —
 0.20
 2.42
 2.97
 2.73

 8.31
 1.90
 1.67
 2.52
 3.58

 —
 2.04
 2.30
 —
 2.23

 Other securities/Sovereign debt
 0.80
 0.80
 —
 —
 0.80

 5.63
 %
 3.79
 %
 3.66
 %
 2.55
 %
 3.12
 %

 —
 %
 —
 %
 2.69
 %
 2.57
 %
 2.58
 %

 —
 —
 —
 2.52
 2.52

 —
 —
 3.02
 2.44
 2.45

 2.29
 2.49
 2.36
 2.60
 2.51

 Total Federal agencies and other agencies
 2.29
 2.49
 2.78
 2.53
 2.53

 —
 —
 —
 2.63
 2.63

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 2.29
 %
 2.49
 %
 2.78
 %
 2.53
 %
 2.53
 %

 (1)Weighted average yields were calculated using amortized cost on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, assuming a 21% tax rate where applicable.
 Sources of wholesale funding include non-core deposits (other domestic deposits of $250,000 or more, negotiable CDs, brokered and other deposits), short-term borrowings, and long-term debt. Our wholesale funding totaled $18.8 billion at December 31, 2023, compared to $17.5 billion at December 31, 2022, with the increase primarily due to increases in long-term FHLB borrowings and senior notes, partially offset by a decrease in short-term FHLB borrowings. For further information on our short-term borrowings and long-term debt, refer to Note 11 - " Borrowings " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Bank Liquidity and Sources of Funding
 Our primary sources of funding for the Bank are consumer and commercial core deposits. At December 31, 2023, these core deposits funded 77% of total assets (119% of total loans). To the extent we are unable to obtain sufficient liquidity through core deposits and cash and cash equivalents, we may meet out liquidity needs through wholesale funding and asset securitization or sale.
 The Bank maintains borrowing capacity at both the FHLB and the Federal Reserve secured by pledged loans and securities. The Bank does not consider borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve a primary source of funding, however, it could be used as a potential source of liquidity in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. At December 31, 2023, the Bank's available contingent borrowing capacity at the FHLB and Federal Reserve totaled $83.0 billion, compared to $53.5 billion at December 31, 2022. The increase reflects our optimization of contingent borrowing capacity through the pledge of incremental assets. The amount of available contingent borrowing capacity may fluctuate based on the level of borrowings outstanding and level of assets pledged.
 74 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Following the first quarter of 2023 bank failures, the FRB established the BTFP as an additional source of available liquidity to support depository institutions through pledging qualifying assets as collateral. The Bank has taken steps to support readiness but has not participated through December 31, 2023. In January 2024, the FRB announced it will stop extending loans under the BTFP after March 11, 2024.
 At December 31, 2023, we believe the Bank has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash flow obligations over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
 The following table reflects the composition and maturities of the loan and lease portfolio:

 Table 20 - Maturity Schedule of Loans and leases

 One Year
or Less
 One to
Five Years
 Five to
Fifteen Years
 After
Fifteen Years
 Total

 $
 14,795
 $
 28,553
 $
 6,447
 $
 $

 3,846
 6,912
 1,614

 3,247
 5,228

 19,049
 38,712
 9,023
 1,523
 68,307

 1,725
 21,880

 7,985
 4,313

 2,259
 7,391

 3,328
 2,439
 5,899

 1,461

 9,436
 11,795
 31,768
 53,675

 $
 19,725
 $
 48,148
 $
 20,818
 $
 33,291
 $

 Percent of total
 %
 %
 %
 %
 %

 The following table reflects the loans and leases due after one year:

 Table 21 - Loans and leases due after one year

 Interest rate

 Fixed
 Floating or Adjustable

 $
 11,563
 $
 24,299

 7,689

 4,571

 17,021
 32,237

 10,114
 13,596

 12,319
 —

 2,841
 7,124

 RV and marine finance
 5,897
 —

 31,693
 21,306

 $
 48,714
 $
 53,543

 2023 Form 10-K 75

 Parent Company Liquidity
 The parent company's funding requirements consist primarily of dividends to shareholders, debt service, income taxes, operating expenses, funding of nonbank subsidiaries, repurchases of our stock, and acquisitions. The parent company obtains funding to meet obligations from dividends and interest received from the Bank, interest and dividends received from direct subsidiaries, net taxes collected from subsidiaries included in the federal consolidated tax return, fees for services provided to subsidiaries, and the issuance of debt securities.
 The parent company had cash and cash equivalents of $4.0 billion and $3.5 billion at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 On January 17, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.155 per common share. The dividend is payable on April 1, 2024, to shareholders of record on March 18, 2024. Based on the current quarterly dividend of $0.155 per common share, cash demands required for common stock dividends are estimated to be approximately $224 million per quarter. Additionally, on January 17, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly Series B, Series E, Series F, Series G, Series H, and Series J Preferred Stock dividend payable on April 15, 2024 to shareholders of record on April 1, 2024. On December 7, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend for the Series I Preferred Stock payable on March 1, 2024 to shareholders of record on February 15, 2024. Total cash demands required for preferred stock dividends are expected to be approximately $36 million per quarter.
 During 2023, the Bank paid preferred and common dividends to the parent company of $45 million and $1.7 billion, respectively. To meet any additional liquidity needs, the parent company may issue debt or equity securities. To support the parent company's ability to issue debt or equity securities, we have filed with the SEC an automatic shelf registration statement covering an indeterminate amount or number of securities to be offered or sold from time to time as authorized by the Huntington's Board of Directors.
 At December 31, 2023, we believe the Company has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash flow obligations over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements. These arrangements include commitments to extend credit, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, swaption collars, financial guarantees contained in standby letters-of-credit issued by the Bank, and commitments by the Bank to sell mortgage loans.
 COMMITMENTS TO EXTEND CREDIT
 Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates, are variable-rate, and contain clauses that permit Huntington to terminate or otherwise renegotiate the contracts in the event of a significant deterioration in the customer's credit quality. These arrangements normally require the payment of a fee by the customer, the pricing of which is based on prevailing market conditions, credit quality, probability of funding, and other relevant factors. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The interest rate risk arising from these financial instruments is insignificant as a result of their predominantly short-term, variable-rate nature. See Note 22 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 STANDBY LETTERS-OF-CREDIT
 Standby letters-of-credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Most of these arrangements mature within two years and are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Standby letters-of-credit are included in the determination of the amount of risk-based capital that the parent company and the Bank are required to hold. Through our credit process, we monitor the credit risks of outstanding standby letters-of-credit. When it is probable that a standby letter-of-credit will be drawn and not repaid in full, a loss is recognized in the provision for credit losses. See Note 22 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 76 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 COMMITMENTS TO SELL LOANS
 Activity related to our mortgage origination activity supports the hedging of the mortgage pricing commitments to customers and the secondary sale to third parties. In addition, we have commitments to sell residential real estate loans. These contracts mature in less than one year. See Note 22 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 Contractual obligations, including off-balance sheet arrangements, are properly considered in our liquidity risk management process.

 Table 22 - Contractual Obligations (1)

 Less than 1 Year
 1 to 3
 Years

 3 to 5
 Years

 More than
 5 Years

 Total

 Deposits without a stated maturity
 $
 136,105
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 136,105

 Certificates of deposit and other time deposits
 14,695
 —
 15,125

 —
 —
 —

 Long-term debt (2)
 4,580
 2,883
 4,309
 12,576

 Operating lease obligations

 Purchase commitments

 (1)Amounts do not include associated interest payments.
 (2)Maturities are based upon the par value.

 Operational Risk
 Operational risk is the risk of loss due to human error, third-party performance failures, inadequate or failed internal systems and controls, including the use of financial or other quantitative methodologies that may not adequately predict future results; violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, or ethical standards; and external influences such as market conditions, fraudulent activities, disasters, failed business contingency plans, and security risks. We continuously strive to test and strengthen our system of internal controls to ensure compliance with significant contracts, agreements, laws, rules, and regulations, to reduce our exposure to fraud, and to improve the oversight of our operational risk.
 We actively monitor cyberattacks such as attempts related to online deception and loss of sensitive customer data. We evaluate internal systems, processes, and controls to mitigate loss from cyber-attacks and, to date, have not experienced any material losses. Cybersecurity threats have increased, primarily through phishing campaigns. We are actively monitoring our email gateways for malicious phishing email campaigns. We have also increased our cybersecurity and fraud monitoring activities through the implementation of specific monitoring of remote connections by geography and volume of connections to detect anomalous remote logins, since a significant portion of our workforce has the option to work remotely.
 Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate our systems. We work to achieve this objective by hardening networks and systems against attack, and by diligently managing visibility and monitoring controls within our data and communications environment to recognize events and respond before the attacker has the opportunity to plan and execute on its own goals. To this end we employ a set of defense in-depth strategies, which include efforts to make us less attractive as a target and less vulnerable to threats, while investing in threat analytic capabilities for rapid detection and response. Potential concerns related to cybersecurity may be escalated to our board-level Technology Committee, as appropriate. As a complement to the overall cybersecurity risk management, we use a number of internal training methods, both formally through mandatory courses and informally through written communications and other updates. Internal policies and procedures have been implemented to encourage the reporting of potential phishing attacks or other security risks. We also use third-party services to test the effectiveness of our cybersecurity risk management framework, and any such third parties are required to comply with our policies regarding information security and confidentiality.
 2023 Form 10-K 77

 To govern operational risks, we have an Operational Risk Committee, a Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Committee, a Funds Movement Committee, a Fraud Risk Committee, an Information and Technology Risk Committee, and a Third Party Risk Management Committee. The responsibilities of these committees, among other duties, include establishing and maintaining management information systems to monitor material risks and to identify potential concerns, risks, or trends that may have a significant impact and ensuring that recommendations are developed to address the identified issues. In addition, we have a Model Risk Oversight Committee that is responsible for policies and procedures describing how model risk is evaluated and managed and the application of the governance process to implement these practices throughout the enterprise. These committees report any significant findings and remediation recommendations to the Risk Management Committee. Potential concerns may be escalated to our ROC and our Audit Committee, as appropriate.
 The goal of this framework is to implement effective operational risk-monitoring; minimize operational, fraud, and legal losses; minimize the impact of inadequately designed models and enhance our overall performance.

 Compliance Risk
 Financial institutions are subject to many laws, rules, and regulations at both the federal and state levels. These broad-based laws, rules, and regulations include, but are not limited to, expectations relating to anti-money laundering, lending limits, client privacy, fair lending, prohibitions against unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, protections for military members as they enter active duty, and community reinvestment. The volume and complexity of recent regulatory changes have increased our overall compliance risk. As such, we utilize various resources to help ensure expectations are met, including a team of compliance experts dedicated to ensuring our conformance with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Our colleagues receive training for several broad-based laws and regulations including, but not limited to, anti-money laundering and customer privacy. Additionally, colleagues engaged in lending activities receive training for laws and regulations related to flood disaster protection, equal credit opportunity, fair lending, and/or other courses related to the extension of credit. We hold ourselves to a high standard for adherence to compliance management and seek to continuously enhance our performance.

 Capital
 (This section should be read in conjunction with the " Regulatory Matters " section included in Part I, Item 1: Business and Note 23 - " Other Regulatory Matters " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 Our primary capital objective is to maintain appropriate levels of capital within our Board-approved risk appetite to support the Bank's operations, absorb unanticipated losses and declines in asset values, and provide protection to uninsured depositors and debt holders in the event of liquidation, while also funding organic growth and providing appropriate returns to our shareholders. Both regulatory capital and shareholders' equity are managed at the Bank and on a consolidated basis. We have an active program for managing capital and maintain a comprehensive process for assessing the Company's overall capital adequacy, including the monitoring and reporting of capital risk metrics to the Board and ROC that we believe are useful for evaluating capital adequacy and making capital decisions. In addition to as-reported regulatory capital and tangible common equity metrics, which are discussed in more detail below, we also actively monitor other measures of capital, such as tangible common equity including the mark-to-market impact on HTM securities and CET1 inclusive of AOCI excluding cash flow hedges. We believe our capital levels are adequate.
 Regulatory Capital
 We are subject to the Basel III capital requirements including the standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets in accordance with subpart D of the final capital rule. The following table presents risk-weighted assets and other financial data necessary to calculate certain financial ratios, including CET1, which we use to measure capital adequacy.
 78 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 23 - Capital Under Current Regulatory Standards (Basel III)

 2023
 2022

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio:

 Total shareholders' equity
 $
 $

 Regulatory capital adjustments:

 CECL transitional amount (1)

 Shareholders' preferred equity and related surplus
 (2,404)
 (2,177)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 2,676
 3,098

 Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of taxes
 (5,591)
 (5,663)

 Deferred tax assets that arise from tax loss and credit carryforwards
 (41)
 (27)

 CET1 capital
 14,212
 13,290

 Additional tier 1 capital

 Shareholders' preferred equity and related surplus
 2,404
 2,177

 Tier 1 capital
 16,616
 15,467

 Long-term debt and other tier 2 qualifying instruments
 1,306
 1,424

 Qualifying allowance for loan and lease losses
 1,735
 1,682

 Tier 2 capital
 3,041
 3,106

 Total risk-based capital
 $
 19,657
 $
 18,573

 RWA
 $
 138,706
 $
 141,940

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 10.25
 %
 9.36
 %

 Other regulatory capital data:

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 11.98
 10.90

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 14.17
 13.09

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 9.32
 8.60

 (1)Huntington and the Bank elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital until January 1, 2022 pursuant to a rule that allowed BHCs and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we have phased in 50% and 25%, respectively, of the cumulative CECL deferral with the remaining impact to be recognized through the first quarter 2025.

 Table 24 - Capital Adequacy—Non-Regulatory (Non-GAAP)

 2023
 2022

 Consolidated capital calculations:

 Total shareholders' equity
 $
 $

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 (5,704)
 (5,766)

 Deferred tax liability on other intangible assets (1)

 Total tangible equity (2)
 13,679
 12,006

 Preferred equity
 (2,394)
 (2,167)

 Total tangible common equity (2)
 $
 11,285
 $
 9,839

 $
 189,368
 $
 182,906

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 (5,704)
 (5,766)

 Deferred tax liability on other intangible assets (1)

 Total tangible assets (2)
 $
 183,694
 $
 177,181

 Tangible equity / tangible asset ratio (2)
 7.45
 %
 6.78
 %

 Tangible common equity / tangible asset ratio (2)
 6.14
 5.55

 Tangible common equity / RWA ratio (2)
 8.14
 6.93

 (1)Deferred tax liability related to other intangible assets is calculated at a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Tangible equity, tangible common equity, and tangible assets, as well as ratios utilizing these financial measures are non-GAAP financial measures. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the Additional Disclosures section.
 2023 Form 10-K 79

 The following table presents certain regulatory capital data at the consolidated and Bank level:

 Table 25 - Regulatory Capital Data (1)

 Basel III

 2023
 2022

 Total risk-weighted assets
 $
 138,706
 $
 141,940

 Bank
 138,462
 141,571

 CET1 risk-based capital
 14,212
 13,290

 Bank
 14,671
 14,133

 Tier 1 risk-based capital
 16,616
 15,467

 Bank
 15,879
 15,334

 Tier 2 risk-based capital
 3,042
 3,106

 Bank
 2,247
 2,313

 Total risk-based capital
 19,657
 18,573

 Bank
 18,126
 17,647

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 10.25
 %
 9.36
 %

 Bank
 10.60
 9.98

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 11.98
 10.90

 Bank
 11.47
 10.83

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 14.17
 13.09

 Bank
 13.09
 12.47

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 9.32
 8.60

 Bank
 8.51
 8.54

 (1) Huntington and the Bank elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital until January 1, 2022 pursuant to a rule that allowed BHCs and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we have phased in 50% and 25%, respectively, of the cumulative CECL deferral with the remaining impact to be recognized through the first quarter 2025.
 At December 31, 2023, we, at both the consolidated and Bank level, maintained Basel III capital ratios in excess of the well-capitalized standards established by the Federal Reserve. The increase in the consolidated CET1 risk-based capital ratio compared to the prior year, was primarily driven by current period earnings and a decrease in risk-weighted assets, partially offset by dividends. The decrease in risk-weighted assets was largely driven by the synthetic CRT transaction, which reduced risk-weighted assets by approximately $2.4 billion, with the risk-weight moving from 100% to 20% on the selected pool of assets.
 Shareholders' Equity
 We generate shareholders' equity primarily through the retention of earnings, net of dividends and share repurchases. Other potential sources of shareholders' equity include issuances of common and preferred stock. Our objective is to maintain capital at an amount commensurate with our risk appetite and risk tolerance objectives, to meet both regulatory and market expectations, and to provide the flexibility needed for future growth and business opportunities.
 Shareholders' equity totaled $19.4 billion at December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.6 billion, or 9%, when compared with December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by earnings, net of dividends, the changing rate environment causing a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, and net issuance of preferred stock. The net issuance of preferred stock is reflective of the first quarter of 2023 issuance of $317 million of Series J perpetual preferred stock, partially offset by the fourth quarter of 2023 repurchases totaling $90 million of Series E perpetual preferred stock.
 80 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Share Repurchases
 From time to time the Board of Directors authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of our common stock. Although we announce when our Board authorizes share repurchases, we typically do not give any public notice before we repurchase our shares. Future stock repurchases may be private or open-market repurchases, including block transactions, accelerated or delayed block transactions, forward transactions, and similar transactions. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our share repurchases, including our capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue for employee benefit plans and acquisitions, market conditions (including the trading price of our stock), and regulatory and legal considerations.
 On January 18, 2023, our Board authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of common shares within the eight quarter period ending December 31, 2024, subject to the Federal Reserve's capital regulations. Purchases of common stock under the authorization may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, and accelerated share repurchase programs. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased no
 shares of common stock under the current repurchase authorization. As part of the 2023 capital plan and our
 current expectation that organic capital will be used for funding loan and lease growth and proposed changes to
 regulatory capital requirements, we do not expect to utilize the share repurchase program through 2024. However,
 we may at our discretion resume share repurchases at any time while considering factors including, but not limited
 to, capital requirements and market conditions.

 BUSINESS SEGMENT DISCUSSION
 Overview
 Huntington's business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how we monitor results and assess performance. To align with our strategic priorities, during the second quarter of 2023, we completed an organizational realignment and now report on two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The Treasury / Other function includes technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense. The organizational realignment primarily involved consolidating our previously reported Consumer and Business Banking, Vehicle Finance and RBHPCG, into one new business segment called Consumer & Regional Banking. Prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the new segment presentation.
 Business segment results are determined based upon our management practices, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around our organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions.
 Revenue Sharing
 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing is recorded to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to or providing service to customers. Results of operations for the business segments reflect these fee sharing allocations.
 Expense Allocation
 The management process that develops the business segment reporting utilizes various estimates and allocation methodologies to measure the performance of the business segments. Expenses are allocated to business segments using a two-phase approach. The first phase consists of measuring and assigning unit costs (activity-based costs) to activities related to product origination and servicing. These activity-based costs are then extended, based on volumes, with the resulting amount allocated to business segments that own the related products. The second phase consists of the allocation of overhead costs to the business segments from Treasury / Other. We utilize a full-allocation methodology, where all Treasury / Other expenses, except reported acquisition-related expenses, if any, and a small amount of other residual unallocated expenses, are allocated to the business segments.
 2023 Form 10-K 81

 Funds Transfer Pricing (FTP)
 We use an active and centralized FTP methodology to attribute appropriate net interest income to the business segments. The intent of the FTP methodology is to transfer interest rate risk from the business segments by providing modeled duration funding of assets and liabilities. The result is to centralize the financial impact, management, and reporting of interest rate risk in the Treasury / Other function where it can be centrally monitored and managed. The Treasury / Other function charges (credits) an internal cost of funds for assets held in (or pays for funding provided by) each business segment.
 During the fourth quarter of 2023, we revised our FTP methodology for non-maturity deposits, which has been enhanced to consider the internally modeled weighted average life by non-maturity deposit type. In general, the impact of the FTP methodology revision resulted in a higher cost of funds allocation as compared with the previous method. Prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the revised FTP methodology.
 Net Income (Loss) by Business Segment
 Net income (loss) by business segment for the past three years is presented in the following table:

 Table 26 - Net Income (Loss) by Business Segment

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Consumer & Regional Banking
 $
 1,315
 $
 1,027
 $
 1,337

 Commercial Banking
 1,179
 1,087

 (543)
 (981)

 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238
 $
 1,295

 Table 27 - Key Performance Indicators for Consumer & Regional Banking

 (dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise noted)
 2023
 2022
 2021

 $
 3,717
 $
 3,213
 $
 %
 $
 3,103

 (14)
 (5)

 1,257
 1,272
 (15)
 (1)
 1,289

 3,064
 2,924
 2,698

 $
 1,315
 $
 1,027
 $
 %
 $
 1,337

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 11,536
 11,984
 (448)
 (4)
 %
 11,322

 Total average assets
 $
 71,214
 $
 69,176
 $
 2,038
 $
 64,121

 Total average loans/leases
 65,349
 62,881
 2,468
 58,715

 Total average deposits
 105,821
 105,469
 —
 91,485

 Net interest margin
 3.45
 %
 2.99
 %
 0.46
 %
 3.31
 %

 NCOs
 $
 $
 $
 $

 NCOs as a % of average loans and leases
 0.24
 %
 0.19
 %
 0.05
 %
 0.16
 %

 Total assets under management (in billions)—eop
 $
 23.8
 $
 21.7
 $
 2.1
 $
 19.8

 Total trust assets (in billions)—eop
 172.2
 135.7
 36.5
 123.0

 82 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consumer & Regional Banking reported net income of $1.3 billion in 2023, an increase of $288 million, or 28%, compared to the year-ago period. Segment net interest income increased $504 million, or 16%, primarily due to a $2.5 billion, or 4%, increase in average loans and leases and a 46 basis point increase in NIM driven by the higher rate environment. The provision for credit losses decreased $14 million, or 5%, primarily due to modest improvement in the macroeconomic environment that was somewhat offset by consumer loan growth over the course of 2023. Noninterest income decreased $15 million, or 1%, primarily due to decreases in gain on sale of loans resulting from the strategic decision to retain the guaranteed portion of SBA loans at origination, in customer deposit and loan fees largely due to program changes, and in mortgage banking income reflecting secondary marketing spreads and lower salable volume. The decreases in noninterest income were partially offset by a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business and increases in wealth and asset management revenue and payments and cash management revenue. Noninterest expense increased $140 million, or 5%, primarily due to higher overhead allocations, gains from branch sales recognized in 2022, an increase in personnel expense, and the impact of the FDIC DIF special assessment.
 Consumer & Regional Banking reported net income of $1.0 billion in 2022, a decrease of $310 million, compared to the prior year period. Segment net interest income increased $110 million, or 4%, primarily due to an increase in average assets reflecting organic growth and the impact of the TCF acquisition, partially offset by a 32 basis point decrease in NIM driven by higher cost of funds and a decrease in accelerated PPP loan fees recognized upon forgiveness payments from the SBA. The provision for credit losses increased $258 million, primarily due to reserve releases in 2021 as the economic environment was improving, contrasted with reserve builds in 2022 that recognized the increased near-term recessionary risks. Noninterest income decreased $17 million, or 1%, primarily due to lower mortgage banking income reflecting lower salable volume and secondary marketing spreads, partially offset by the impact of the TCF acquisition and an increase in gain on sale of loans, primarily due to sales of SBA loans during the first through third quarters of 2022. Noninterest expense increased $226 million, or 8%, primarily due to the impact of the TCF acquisition largely driven by higher personnel expense reflecting an increase in the number of full-time equivalent employees and allocated overhead.

 Table 28 - Key Performance Indicators for Commercial Banking

 (dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise noted)
 2023
 2022
 2021

 $
 2,162
 $
 1,807
 $
 %
 $
 1,483

 NM

 (21)
 (3)

 1,134
 1,056

 $
 1,179
 $
 1,087
 $
 %
 $

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 2,276
 2,100
 %
 1,734

 Total average assets
 $
 63,932
 $
 59,772
 $
 4,160
 $
 43,924

 Total average loans/leases
 55,385
 52,094
 3,291
 37,900

 Total average deposits
 36,152
 34,771
 1,381
 28,545

 Net interest margin
 3.74
 %
 3.30
 %
 0.44
 %
 3.64
 %

 NCOs
 $
 $
 $
 NM
 $

 NCOs as a % of average loans and leases
 0.21
 %
 —
 %
 0.21
 %
 NM
 0.31
 %

 2023 Form 10-K 83

 Commercial Banking reported net income of $1.2 billion in 2023, an increase of $92 million, or 8%, compared to the year-ago period. Segment net interest income increased $355 million, or 20%, primarily due to a 44 basis point increase in NIM, driven by the higher rate environment resulting in an increase in spreads and an increase in average loans and leases, partially offset by an increase in average deposits. The provision for credit losses increased $127 million due to a combination of commercial loan and lease growth and an increase in the coverage ratio in the commercial real estate portfolio, reflecting ongoing risks in the commercial real estate environment. Noninterest income decreased $21 million, or 3%, primarily due to a decrease in customer deposit and loan fees driven by a reduction in loan commitment fees and a decrease in capital markets and advisory fees, largely due to lower interest rate derivatives fees, partially offset by higher advisory fees from the Capstone acquisition. Partially offsetting these decreases in noninterest income were increases in payments and cash management revenue and wealth and asset management revenue. Noninterest expense increased $78 million, or 7%, primarily due to an increase in personnel costs reflecting the impact of the Capstone acquisition and an increase in average full-time equivalent employees, higher allocated overhead, and the impact of the FDIC DIF special assessment, partially offset by lower lease financing equipment depreciation.
 Commercial Banking reported net income of $1.1 billion in 2022, an increase of $148 million, or 16%, compared to the prior year period. Segment net interest income increased $324 million, or 22%, primarily due to an increase in average loans and leases, reflecting the impact of the TCF acquisition and continued organic loan and lease growth, partially offset by a 34 basis point decrease in NIM, driven by higher cost of funds. The provision for credit losses increased $6 million due to a combination of loan and lease growth in 2022 and a reduction in ACL coverage ratios over the course of 2021, as there was more clarity around the economic impacts of COVID-19. Noninterest income increased $148 million, or 29%, reflecting the impact of the TCF acquisition in addition to an increase in capital markets and advisory fees, primarily due to higher advisory fees supported by the impact of the Capstone Partners acquisition, loan syndication fees, foreign exchange fees, and interest rate derivatives fees. Noninterest expense increased $269 million, or 34%, primarily reflecting the impact of the TCF and Capstone Partners acquisitions, which led to higher personnel costs and allocated overhead.

 The Treasury / Other function includes revenue and expense related to assets, liabilities, derivatives (including mark-to-market of interest rate caps, as applicable), and equity not directly assigned or allocated to one of the business segments. Assets include investment securities and bank owned life insurance.
 Net interest income includes the impact of administering our investment securities portfolios, the net impact of derivatives used to hedge interest rate sensitivity, as well as the financial impact associated with our FTP methodology, as described above. Noninterest income includes miscellaneous fee income not allocated to other business segments, such as bank owned life insurance income and securities and trading asset gains or losses. Noninterest expense includes certain corporate administrative, acquisition-related, if any, and other miscellaneous expenses not allocated to other business segments. The provision for income taxes for the business segments is calculated at a statutory 21% tax rate, although our overall effective tax rate is lower.
 Treasury / Other reported a net loss of $543 million in 2023, a decrease in net income of $667 million, compared to the year-ago period, driven by a decrease in net interest income and an increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by an increase in provision benefit for income tax. Net interest income decreased $693 million primarily due to a higher cost of funds. Noninterest expense increased $155 million primarily due to increases in personnel costs and professional services. The increase in provision benefit for income taxes of $204 million is primarily due to lower pre-tax income in addition an increase in discrete tax benefits.
 Treasury / Other reported net income of $124 million in 2022, an increase of $1.1 billion, compared to the year-ago period, driven by a $737 million increase in net interest income and a $669 million decrease in noninterest expense, partially offset by a $261 million reduction in provision benefit for income taxes.
 84 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES
 Forward-Looking Statements
 This report, including MD&A, contains certain forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, certain plans, expectations, goals, projections, and statements, which are not historical facts and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Statements that do not describe historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as expect, anticipate, believe, intend, estimate, plan, target, goal, or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, may, might, should, would, could, or similar variations. The forward-looking statements are intended to be subject to the safe harbor provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
 While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in the forward-looking statements: changes in general economic, political, or industry conditions; deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, supply chain issues or labor shortages; instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets; the impact of pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and related variants and mutations, and their impact on the global economy and financial market conditions and our business, results of operations, and financial condition; the impacts related to or resulting from recent bank failures and other volatility, including potential increased regulatory requirements and costs, such as FDIC special assessments, long-term debt requirements and heightened capital requirements, and potential impacts to macroeconomic conditions, which could affect the ability of depository institutions, including us, to attract and retain depositors and to borrow or raise capital; unexpected outflows of uninsured deposits which may require us to sell investment securities at a loss; rising interest rates which could negatively impact the value of our portfolio of investment securities; the loss of value of our investment portfolio which could negatively impact market perceptions of us and could lead to deposit withdrawals; the effects of social media on market perceptions of us and banks generally; cybersecurity risks; uncertainty in U.S. fiscal and monetary policy, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve; volatility and disruptions in global capital and credit markets; movements in interest rates; competitive pressures on product pricing and services; success, impact, and timing of our business strategies, including market acceptance of any new products or services including those implementing our "Fair Play" banking philosophy; the nature, extent, timing, and results of governmental actions, examinations, reviews, reforms, regulations, and interpretations, including those related to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, as well as those involving the OCC, Federal Reserve, FDIC, and CFPB; and other factors that may affect the future results of Huntington.
 All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and are based on information available at that time. Huntington does not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements were made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events except as required by federal securities laws. As forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties, caution should be exercised against placing undue reliance on such statements.
 Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 This document contains GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP financial measures where management believes it to be helpful in understanding our results of operations or financial position. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure, can be found herein.
 Fully-Taxable Equivalent Basis
 Interest income, yields, and ratios on an FTE basis are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes net interest income on an FTE basis provides an insightful picture of the interest margin for comparison purposes. The FTE basis also allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The FTE basis assumes a federal statutory tax rate of 21%. We encourage readers to consider the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information contained in this Form 10-K in their entirety, and not to rely on any single financial measure.
 2023 Form 10-K 85

 Non-Regulatory Capital Ratios
 In addition to capital ratios defined by banking regulators, the Company considers various other measures when evaluating capital utilization and adequacy, including:
 • Tangible common equity to tangible assets,
 • Tangible equity to tangible assets, and
 • Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets using Basel III definitions.
 These non-regulatory capital ratios are viewed by management as useful additional methods of reflecting the level of capital available to withstand unexpected market conditions. Additionally, presentation of these ratios allows readers to compare our capitalization to other financial services companies. These ratios differ from capital ratios defined by banking regulators principally in that the numerator excludes goodwill and other intangible assets, the nature and extent of which varies among different financial services companies. These ratios are not defined in GAAP or federal banking regulations. As a result, these non-regulatory capital ratios disclosed by the Company are considered non-GAAP financial measures.
 Because there are no standardized definitions for these non-regulatory capital ratios, the Company's calculation methods may differ from those used by other financial services companies. Also, there may be limits in the usefulness of these measures to investors. As a result, we encourage readers to consider the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information contained in this Form 10-K in their entirety, and not to rely on any single financial measure.
 Risk Factors
 More information on risk is discussed in the Risk Factors section included in Item 1A: " Risk Factors " of this report. Additional information regarding risk factors can also be found in the Risk Management and Capital discussion of this report, as well as the " Regulatory Matters " section included in Item 1: Business of this report.
 Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates
 Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this MD&A, describes the significant accounting policies we used in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 An accounting estimate requires assumptions and judgments about uncertain matters that could have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimates are made under facts and circumstances at a point in time, and changes in those facts and circumstances could produce results substantially different from those estimates. Our most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related application are discussed below.
 Allowance for Credit Losses
 Our ACL at December 31, 2023 represents our current estimate of the lifetime credit losses expected from our loan and lease portfolio and our unfunded lending commitments. Management estimates the ACL by projecting probability of default, loss given default and exposure at default conditional on economic parameters, for the remaining contractual term. Internal factors that impact the quarterly allowance estimate include the level of outstanding balances, the portfolio performance and assigned risk ratings.
 One of the most significant judgments influencing the ACL estimate is the macroeconomic forecasts. Key external economic parameters that directly impact our loss modeling framework include forecasted unemployment rates and GDP. Changes in the economic forecasts could significantly affect the estimated credit losses, which could potentially lead to materially different allowance levels from one reporting period to the next.
 Given the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic variables within our modeling framework, it is difficult to estimate the impact of a change in any one individual variable on the allowance. As a result, management uses a probability-weighted approach that incorporates a baseline, an adverse, and a more favorable economic scenario when formulating the quantitative estimate.
 86 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 However, to illustrate a hypothetical sensitivity analysis, management calculated a quantitative allowance using a 100% weighting applied to an adverse scenario. This scenario contemplates an increased risk of an extended government shutdown, persisting inflation concerns at the Federal Reserve causing the federal funds rate to remain elevated through the first quarter of 2024, ongoing banking industry uncertainty, and the tightening of lending standards. Increased geopolitical tensions between China and Taiwan impact the supply chain for semiconductors and the threat of a wider conflict causes consumer confidence to fall. Additionally, the Russian invasion of Ukraine lasts longer than in the baseline scenario and concerns increase around the Hamas-Israel conflict leading to a broader war in the Middle East. The combination of the risk of federal shutdown, political tensions, tightening lending standards and the federal funds rate remaining elevated cause the stock market to fall. The economy falls into a recession in the first quarter of 2024. In response to the recession, the Federal Reserve starts lowering the federal funds rate in the second quarter of 2024, with significant rate reductions by the end of 2024. Under this scenario, as an example, the unemployment rate increases from baseline levels and remains elevated for a prolonged period, the rate is estimated at 7.6% and 6.9% at the end of 2024 and 2025, respectively. This forecast reflects unemployment rates that are approximately 3.6% and 2.9% higher than baseline scenario projections of 4.0% and 4.0%, respectively, for the same time periods.
 To demonstrate the sensitivity to key economic parameters used in the calculation of our ACL at December 31, 2023, management calculated the difference between our quantitative ACL and this 100% adverse scenario. Excluding consideration of qualitative adjustments, this sensitivity analysis would result in a hypothetical increase in our ACL of approximately $1.1 billion at December 31, 2023. This hypothetical increase is reflective of the sensitivity of the rate of change in the unemployment variable on our models.
 The resulting difference is not intended to represent an expected increase in allowance levels for a number of reasons including the following:
 • Management uses a weighted approach applied to multiple economic scenarios for its allowance estimation process;
 • The highly uncertain economic environment;
 • The difficulty in predicting the inter-relationships between the economic parameters used in the various economic scenarios; and
 • The sensitivity estimate does not account for any general reserve components and associated risk profile adjustments incorporated by management as part of its overall allowance framework.
 We regularly review our ACL for appropriateness by performing on-going evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio. In doing so, we consider factors such as the differing economic risks associated with each loan category, the financial condition of specific borrowers, the level of delinquent loans, the value of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or other documented support. We also evaluate the impact of changes in key economic parameters and overall economic conditions on the ability of borrowers to meet their financial obligations when quantifying our exposure to credit losses and assessing the appropriateness of our ACL at each reporting date. There is no certainty that our ACL will be appropriate over time to cover losses in our portfolio as economic and market conditions may ultimately differ from our reasonable and supportable forecast. Additionally, events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or our markets such as geopolitical instability, or risks of inflation including a near-term recession, could severely impact our current expectations. If the credit quality of our customer base materially deteriorates or the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, our net income and capital could be materially adversely affected which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The extent to which the geopolitical instability and risks of inflation will continue to negatively impact our businesses, financial condition, liquidity, and results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be forecasted with precision at this time. For more information, see Note 5 - " Loans / Leases " and Note 6 - " Allowance for Credit Losses " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 2023 Form 10-K 87

 Goodwill
 The acquisition method of accounting requires that assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. The valuation of assets and liabilities often involves estimates based on third party valuations or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective. This typically results in goodwill, the amount by which the cost of net assets acquired in a business combination exceeds their fair value, which is subject to impairment testing at least annually.
 Management reviews the goodwill of each reporting unit for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1 or more often if events or circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value.
 Based on our annual impairment analysis of goodwill as of October 1, 2023, it was determined that the fair value of each reporting unit was in excess of its respective carrying value as of October 1, 2023; therefore, goodwill is considered not impaired. Huntington additionally performs sensitivity analyses around discount rate assumptions utilized in order to assess the reasonableness of the rates, and the resulting estimated fair values. As of October 1, 2023, a 100 basis point increase in discount rates would reduce estimated entity level fair value by approximately $2 billion and would not result in any impairment, as each reporting unit's fair value would still exceed its carrying value.
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Developments
 Note 2 - " Accounting Standards Update " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements discusses new accounting pronouncements adopted during 2023 and the expected impact of accounting pronouncements recently issued but not yet required to be adopted. To the extent the adoption of new accounting standards materially affects financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, the impacts are discussed in the applicable section of this MD&A and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 Information required by this item is set forth under the heading of " Market Risk " in Item 7: MD&A, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 Information required by this item is set forth in the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238), Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
 88 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 REPORT OF MANAGEMENT'S EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 The Management of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (Huntington or the Company) is responsible for the financial information and representations contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements and other sections of this report. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In all material respects, they reflect the substance of transactions that should be included based on informed judgments, estimates, and currently available information. Management maintains a system of internal accounting controls, which includes the careful selection and training of qualified personnel, appropriate segregation of responsibilities, communication of written policies and procedures, and a broad program of internal audits. The costs of the controls are balanced against the expected benefits. During 2023, the audit committee of the board of directors met regularly with Management, Huntington's internal auditors, and the independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, to review the scope of their audits and to discuss the evaluation of internal accounting controls and financial reporting matters. The independent registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors have free access to, and meet confidentially with, the audit committee to discuss appropriate matters. Also, Huntington maintains a disclosure review committee. This committee's purpose is to design and maintain disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the financial and operating condition of Huntington is properly reported to its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief auditor, and the audit committee of the board of directors in connection with the preparation and filing of periodic reports and the certification of those reports by the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer.
 REPORT OF MANAGEMENT'S ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Huntington's Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, Management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on that assessment, Management concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the next page.

 Stephen D. Steinour – Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer

 Zachary Wasserman – Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 February 16, 2024

 2023 Form 10-K 89

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

 Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of changes in shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

 In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

 Basis for Opinions
 The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 90 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Critical Audit Matters
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Valuation of the General Reserve of the Allowance for Credit Losses
 As described in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, management's estimate of the allowance for credit losses of $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 includes a general reserve that consists of various risk-profile reserve components. The risk-profile components consider items unique to the Company's structure, policies, processes, and portfolio composition, as well as qualitative measurements and assessments of the Company's loan portfolios including, but not limited to, economic uncertainty, concentrations, portfolio composition, industry comparisons, and internal review functions.

 The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the general reserve of the allowance for credit losses is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when determining the general reserve, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence relating to the methodology and assumptions used to determine the general reserve, and (ii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

 Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls related to the valuation of the general reserve of the allowance for credit losses. These procedures also included, among others, testing management's process for determining the general reserve, including evaluating the appropriateness of management's methodology, testing the completeness and accuracy of data utilized by management and evaluating the reasonableness of assumptions relating to the general reserve. Evaluating management's assumptions related to the general reserve involved evaluating whether the assumptions used were reasonable considering portfolio composition, relevant market data, and indicators of economic uncertainty. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of management's methodology and assumptions related to the general reserve.

 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 Columbus, Ohio
 February 16, 2024
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.
 2023 Form 10-K 91

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 2023
 2022

 Cash and due from banks
 $
 1,558
 $
 1,796

 Interest-earning deposits with banks
 8,765
 5,122

 Loans held for sale (includes $ 506 and $ 520 respectively, measured at fair value)(1)

 Loans and leases (includes $ 174 and $ 185 respectively, measured at fair value)(1)

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 ( 2,255)
 ( 2,121)

 Net loans and leases
 119,727
 117,402

 Bank owned life insurance
 2,759
 2,753

 Accrued income and other receivables
 1,646
 1,573

 Premises and equipment
 1,109
 1,156

 Goodwill
 5,561
 5,571

 Servicing rights and other intangible assets

 Other assets
 5,150
 4,944

 $
 189,368
 $
 182,906

 Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 Deposits:

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 $
 30,967
 $
 38,242

 Interest-bearing
 120,263
 109,672

 Total deposits

 2,027

 12,394
 9,686

 Other liabilities
 5,726
 5,510

 Total liabilities
 169,970
 165,137

 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 22)

 Shareholders' equity

 Preferred stock
 2,394
 2,167

 Common stock

 Capital surplus
 15,389
 15,309

 Less treasury shares, at cost
 ( 91)
 ( 80)

 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 ( 2,676)
 ( 3,098)

 Retained earnings
 4,322
 3,419

 Total Huntington Bancshares Inc shareholders' equity

 Non-controlling interest

 Total equity
 19,398
 17,769

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 189,368
 $
 182,906

 Common shares authorized (par value of $ 0.01)

 2,250,000,000
 2,250,000,000

 Common shares outstanding
 1,448,319,953
 1,443,068,036

 Treasury shares outstanding
 7,403,008
 6,322,052

 Preferred stock, authorized shares
 6,617,808
 6,617,808

 Preferred shares outstanding
 881,587
 557,500

 (1) Amounts represent loans for which Huntington has elected the fair value option. See Note 19 - " Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities."
 92 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consolidated Statements of Income

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share amounts in thousands)
 2023
 2022
 2021

 Interest and fee income:

 Loans and leases
 $
 6,811
 $
 4,816
 $
 3,636

 Taxable
 1,016

 Tax-exempt

 Held-to-maturity securities-taxable

 Other securities-taxable

 Other interest income

 Total interest income
 8,916
 5,969
 4,191

 Interest expense

 2,497

 Total interest expense
 3,477

 5,439
 5,273
 4,102

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses
 5,037
 4,984
 4,077

 Bank owned life insurance income

 Gain on sale of loans

 Net gains (losses) on sales of securities
 ( 7)
 —

 Other noninterest income

 1,921
 1,981
 1,889

 Personnel costs
 2,529
 2,401
 2,335

 Outside data processing and other services

 Deposit and other insurance expense

 Equipment

 Net occupancy

 Marketing

 Professional services

 Amortization of intangibles

 Lease financing equipment depreciation

 Other noninterest expense

 Total noninterest expense
 4,574
 4,201
 4,375

 Income before income taxes
 2,384
 2,764
 1,591

 Income after income taxes
 1,971
 2,249
 1,297

 1,951
 2,238
 1,295

 Dividends on preferred shares

 Impact of preferred stock redemption
 ( 8)
 —

 Net income applicable to common shares
 $
 1,817
 $
 2,125
 $
 1,153

 Average common shares—basic
 1,446,449
 1,441,279
 1,262,435

 Average common shares—diluted
 1,468,016
 1,465,220
 1,286,733

 Per common share:

 Net income—basic
 $
 1.26
 $
 1.47
 $
 0.91

 Net income—diluted
 1.24
 1.45
 0.90

 2023 Form 10-K 93

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 2023
 2022
 2021

 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238
 $
 1,295

 Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

 Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 2,184)
 ( 254)

 Translations adjustments, net of hedges
 ( 5)
 ( 3)

 Change in accumulated unrealized gains for pension and other post-retirement obligations

 ( 3)

 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

 Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Huntington Bancshares
 2,373
 ( 631)

 Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest

 Comprehensive income (loss)

 $
 2,393
 $
 ( 620)
 $

 94 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

 Preferred Stock
 Common Stock
 AOCI
 Non-controlling

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share amounts in thousands)
 Capital
 Treasury Stock
 Retained
 Total

 Shares
 Surplus
 Shares
 Earnings
 Total
 Interest
 Equity

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,167
 1,449,390
 $
 $
 15,309
 ( 6,322)
 $
 ( 80)
 $
 ( 3,098)
 $
 3,419
 $
 $
 $
 17,769

 1,951
 1,951
 1,971

 Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 Net proceeds from issuance of Series J Preferred Stock

 Repurchase of preferred stock
 ( 90)
 —
 ( 82)
 ( 82)

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.62 per share)

 ( 911)
 ( 911)
 ( 911)

 Preferred
 ( 142)
 ( 142)
 ( 142)

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 6,333
 ( 17)
 ( 3)
 ( 19)
 ( 19)

 Other
 —
 ( 1,081)
 ( 11)
 ( 11)
 ( 13)
 ( 24)

 Balance, end of year
 $
 2,394
 1,455,723
 $
 $
 15,389
 ( 7,403)
 $
 ( 91)
 $
 ( 2,676)
 $
 4,322
 $
 $
 $
 19,398

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,167
 1,444,040
 $
 $
 15,222
 ( 6,298)
 $
 ( 79)
 $
 ( 229)
 $
 2,202
 $
 19,297
 $
 $
 19,318

 2,238
 2,238
 2,249

 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.62 per share)

 ( 908)
 ( 908)
 ( 908)

 Preferred

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 5,350
 ( 19)
 ( 19)
 ( 19)

 Other
 ( 24)
 ( 1)
 —

 Balance, end of year
 $
 2,167
 1,449,390
 $
 $
 15,309
 ( 6,322)
 $
 ( 80)
 $
 ( 3,098)
 $
 3,419
 $
 $
 $
 17,769

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,191
 1,022,258
 $
 $
 8,781
 ( 5,062)
 $
 ( 59)
 $
 $
 1,878
 $
 12,993
 $
 —
 $
 12,993

 1,295
 1,295
 1,297

 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

 TCF Financial Corp Acquisition:

 Issuance of common stock
 458,171
 6,993
 ( 37)
 6,961
 6,961

 Issuance of Series I Preferred Stock

 Non-controlling interest acquired
 —

 Net proceeds from issuance of Series H Preferred Stock

 Redemption of preferred stock
 ( 685)
 ( 4)
 ( 11)
 ( 700)
 ( 700)

 Repurchases of common stock
 ( 43,139)
 —

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.605 per share)

 ( 826)
 ( 826)
 ( 826)

 Preferred
 ( 131)
 ( 131)
 ( 131)

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 6,750
 ( 1)
 ( 37)
 —
 ( 38)
 ( 38)

 Other
 —
 ( 1,236)
 ( 3)
 $
 ( 3)

 Balance, end of year
 $
 2,167
 1,444,040
 $
 $
 15,222
 ( 6,298)
 $
 ( 79)
 $
 ( 229)
 $
 2,202
 $
 19,297
 $
 $
 19,318

 2023 Form 10-K 95

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Operating activities

 $
 1,971
 $
 2,249
 $
 1,297

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization

 Share-based compensation expense

 Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
 ( 302)
 ( 76)

 Net change in:

 ( 106)

 ( 83)
 ( 56)

 Other assets
 ( 491)
 ( 1,156)

 Other liabilities
 1,024

 ( 57)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 2,657
 4,027
 2,062

 Investing activities

 Change in interest bearing deposits in banks

 Net cash (paid) received from business acquisition
 —
 ( 223)

 Proceeds from:

 Maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities
 2,689
 4,053
 7,275

 Maturities and calls of held-to-maturity securities
 1,523
 2,803
 4,151

 Maturities and calls of other securities
 —

 Sales of available-for-sale securities
 —
 5,892

 Sales of other securities

 Purchases of available-for-sale securities
 ( 4,965)
 ( 7,107)
 ( 19,936)

 Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
 ( 256)
 ( 3,229)
 ( 4,777)

 Purchases of other securities
 ( 630)
 ( 1,080)
 ( 126)

 Net proceeds from sales of portfolio loans and leases

 Principal payments received under direct finance and sales-type leases
 1,891
 1,882
 1,055

 Purchases of loans and leases
 ( 71)
 ( 610)
 ( 1,197)

 Net loan and lease activity, excluding sales and purchases
 ( 5,108)
 ( 10,169)
 3,303

 Purchases of premises and equipment
 ( 140)
 ( 214)
 ( 247)

 Net accrued income and other receivables activity
 ( 17)
 ( 66)
 ( 653)

 Net cash paid for branch disposition
 —
 —
 ( 618)

 Net cash used in investing activities

 ( 2,997)
 ( 11,609)
 ( 3,962)

 Financing activities

 Increase in deposits
 3,316
 4,651
 6,501

 Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings
 ( 1,295)
 2,161
 ( 1,245)

 Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 14,965
 11,004

 Maturity/redemption of long-term debt
 ( 12,376)
 ( 8,017)
 ( 3,404)

 Dividends paid on preferred stock
 ( 134)
 ( 138)

 Dividends paid on common stock
 ( 900)
 ( 897)
 ( 750)

 Repurchases of common stock
 —
 —

 Repurchase/redemption of preferred stock

 ( 82)
 —
 ( 700)

 Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
 —

 ( 46)
 ( 25)
 ( 48)

 Net cash provided by financing activities
 3,765
 8,764

 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 3,425
 1,182
 ( 1,073)

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (1)
 6,704
 5,522
 6,595

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period (1)
 $
 10,129
 $
 6,704
 $
 5,522

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Supplemental disclosures:

 Interest paid
 $
 3,359
 $
 $

 Income taxes (refunded) paid
 ( 109)

 Non-cash activities

 Loans transferred to held-for-sale from portfolio

 Loans transferred to portfolio from held-for-sale

 Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity
 —
 4,225
 3,007

 Business Combination (2)

 (1) Includes cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank, included within Interest-earning deposits with banks on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (2) In the year ended 2021, the TCF acquisition included fair value of tangible assets acquired of $ 46.3 billion, goodwill and other intangible assets of $ 3.5 billion, liabilities assumed $ 42.6 billion, preferred stock of $ 185 million, and common stock of $ 7.0 billion.

 2023 Form 10-K 96

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 Nature of Operations — Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (Huntington or the Company) is a multi-state diversified regional bank holding company organized under Maryland law in 1966 and headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Through its subsidiaries, including its bank subsidiary, The Huntington National Bank (the Bank), Huntington is engaged in providing full-service commercial and consumer deposit, lending, and other banking services. This includes, but is not limited to, payments, mortgage banking, automobile, recreational vehicle and marine financing, investment banking, capital markets, advisory, equipment financing, distribution finance, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. Huntington's full-service branches and private client group offices are primarily located in Ohio, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Select financial services and other activities are also conducted in other states.
 Basis of Presentation — The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Huntington and its majority-owned subsidiaries and are presented in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Entities in which Huntington holds a controlling financial interest are consolidated. For a voting interest entity, a controlling financial interest is generally where Huntington holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares. For a VIE, a controlling financial interest is where Huntington has the power to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and has an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. For consolidated entities where Huntington holds less than a 100% interest, Huntington recognizes non-controlling interest (included in shareholders' equity) for the equity held by minority shareholders and non-controlling profit or loss (included in income attributable to non-controlling interest) for the portion of the entity's earnings attributable to minority interests. Investments in companies that are not consolidated are accounted for using the equity method when Huntington has the ability to exert significant influence. Investments in non-marketable equity securities for which Huntington does not have the ability to exert significant influence are generally accounted for using fair value or a cost measurement alternative adjusted for impairment and other changes in observable prices. Investments in private investment partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method or the cost measurement alternative are included in other assets and Huntington's earnings in equity investments are included in other noninterest income. Investments accounted for under the cost measurement alternative and equity methods are periodically evaluated for impairment.
 Huntington updated the presentation of our noninterest income categories during the 2023 fourth quarter to align product and service types more closely with how we strategically manage our business. All prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the current presentation. See Note 15 - " Revenue from Contracts with Customers " for a description of our major noninterest income categories.
 Use of Estimates —The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that significantly affect amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Huntington utilizes processes that involve the use of significant estimates and the judgments of management in determining the amount of its allowance for credit losses, income taxes, as well as certain fair value measurements. As with any estimate, actual results could differ from those estimates.
 Cash and cash equivalents —For statements of cash flows purposes, cash and cash equivalents are defined as the sum of cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits at Federal Reserve Bank, included within Interest-bearing deposits with banks on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 97 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Securities — Securities purchased with the intention of recognizing short-term profits or which are actively bought and sold are classified as trading account securities and reported at fair value. The unrealized gains or losses on trading account securities are recorded in other noninterest income. Debt securities purchased that Huntington has the positive intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. All other debt securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are recognized and measured at fair value with any change in the fair value recognized in other comprehensive income. All equity securities are classified as other securities.
 Securities transactions are recognized on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). The carrying value plus any related AOCI balance of sold securities is used to compute realized gains and losses. Interest on securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the effective interest method over the period to maturity, is included in interest income.
 Non-marketable equity securities include stock held for membership and regulatory purposes, such as FHLB stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock, and other non-marketable equity securities. These securities are accounted for at cost, evaluated for impairment, and are included in other securities. Other securities also include mutual funds and other marketable equity securities. These securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other noninterest income.
 Loans and Leases — Loans for which Huntington has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, except loans for which the fair value option has been elected, are carried at the principal amount outstanding, net of charge-offs, unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs, premiums and discounts, and unearned income. Direct financing leases are reported at the aggregate of lease payments receivable and estimated residual values, net of unearned and deferred income, and any initial direct costs incurred to originate these leases. Renewal options for leases are at the option of the lessee and are typically not included in the measurement of the lease receivable as they are not considered reasonably certain of exercise. Purchase options are typically at fair value, and as such those options are not considered in the measurement of lease receivables or in lease classification. Interest income is accrued as earned using the interest method. Huntington defers the fees it receives from the origination of loans and leases, as well as the direct costs of those activities. Huntington also acquires loans at premiums and/or discounts to their contractual values. Huntington amortizes loan discounts, premiums, and net loan origination fees and costs over the contractual lives of the related loans using the effective interest method.
 Effective January 1, 2023, Huntington adopted ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR) and Vintage Disclosures, which removed the existing measurement and disclosure requirements for TDR loans and added additional disclosure requirements related to modifications provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Prior to adoption a change in contractual terms of a loan where a borrower was experiencing financial difficulty and received a concession not available through other sources the loan was required to be disclosed as a TDR, whereas now a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and receives a modification in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension in the current period is disclosed as a modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Huntington may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a way of managing risk and mitigating credit loss from the borrower. Huntington may make various types of modifications and may in certain circumstances use a combination of modification types in order to mitigate future loss.
 Impairment of the residual values of direct financing leases is evaluated quarterly, with impairment arising if the expected fair value is less than the carrying amount. Huntington assesses net investments in leases (including residual values) for impairment and recognizes impairment losses in accordance with the impairment guidance for financial instruments. As such, net investments in leases may be reduced by an allowance for credit losses, with changes recognized as provision expense.
 2023 Form 10-K 98

 For leased equipment, the residual component of a direct financing lease represents the estimated fair value of the leased equipment at the end of the lease term. Huntington uses industry data, historical experience, and independent appraisals to establish these residual value estimates. Upon expiration of a lease, residual assets are remarketed, resulting in an extension of the lease by the lessee, a lease to a new customer, or purchase of the residual asset by the lessee or another party. Huntington also purchases insurance guaranteeing the value of certain residual assets.
 Loans Held for Sale — Loans in which Huntington does not have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as loans held for sale. Loans held for sale are carried at (a) the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell, or (b) fair value where the fair value option is elected. The fair value option is generally elected for mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell.
 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans — Loans are considered past due when the contractual amounts due with respect to principal and interest are not received within 30 days of the contractual due date.
 Any loan in any portfolio may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to the policies described below when collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When a borrower with debt is discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and the debt is not reaffirmed by the borrower, the loan is determined to be collateral dependent and placed on nonaccrual status, unless there is a co-borrower or the repayment is likely to occur based on objective evidence.
 All classes within the commercial loan and lease portfolio are placed on nonaccrual status at 90 -days past due. First-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 -days past due. Junior-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at the earlier of 120 -days past due or when the related first-lien loan has been identified as nonaccrual. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120 -days past due, and if not fully charged-off are placed on non-accrual. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 -days past due, with the exception of residential mortgages guaranteed by government agencies which continue to accrue interest at the rate guaranteed by the government agency.
 For all classes within all loan portfolios, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued interest is reversed and charged against interest income.
 For all classes within all loan portfolios, cash receipts on NALs are applied against principal until the loan or lease has been collected in full, including the charged-off portion, after which time any additional cash receipts are recognized as interest income. However, for secured non-reaffirmed debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, payments are applied to principal and interest when the borrower has demonstrated a capacity to continue payment of the debt and collection of the debt is reasonably assured. For unsecured non-reaffirmed debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy where the carrying value has been fully charged-off, payments are recorded as loan recoveries.
 Management monitors several factors to evaluate a borrower's financial condition and their ability to make principal and interest payments. When, in management's judgment, the borrower's ability to make required principal and interest payments resumes and collectability is no longer in doubt, supported by sustained repayment history, the loan is returned to accrual status. For loans that are returned to accrual status, cash receipts are applied according to the contractual terms of the loan.
 Collateral-dependent Loans — Certain commercial and consumer loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the loan collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent.
 Allowance for Credit Losses — Huntington performs an ACL evaluation on its loan and lease portfolio, held-to-maturity securities as well as on available-for-sale securities. The ACL on loan and lease portfolio and held-to-maturity securities are provided through an expected loss methodology referred to as CECL methodology. The ACL on AFS securities is provided when a credit loss is deemed to have occurred for securities which Huntington does not intend to sell or is not required to sell. The CECL methodology also applies to credit exposures on off-balance-sheet loan commitments, financial guarantees not accounted for as insurance, including standby letters of credit, and other similar instruments not recognized as derivative financial instruments.
 99 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Loan and Lease portfolio - The ACL is deducted from the amortized cost basis of a financial asset or a group of financial assets so that the balance sheet reflects the net amount Huntington expects to collect. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts, fair value hedge accounting adjustments, and deferred fees and costs. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected credit losses are recognized immediately in net income as a provision for credit losses or a reversal of provision for credit losses. Management estimates the allowance by utilizing models dependent upon loan risk characteristics and economic parameters. Commercial loan risk characteristics include but are not limited to risk ratings, industry type and maturity type. Consumer loan risk characteristics include but are not limited to FICO scores, LTV, and loan vintages. The economic parameters are developed using available information relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Huntington's reasonable and supportable forecast period reverts to a historical norm based on inputs within approximately two to three years. The reversion period is dependent on the state of the economy at the beginning of the forecast. Historical credit experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, with adjustments made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency levels and terms, as well as for changes in the macroeconomic environment. The contractual terms of financial assets are adjusted for expected prepayments and any extensions outside of Huntington's control.
 The ACL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that are determined to have unique risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis by management. If a loan is determined to be collateral dependent or meets the criteria to apply the collateral dependent practical expedient, expected credit losses are determined based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, less costs to sell as appropriate.
 Management believes the products within each of the entity's portfolio classes exhibit similar risk characteristics. Huntington has identified its portfolio classes as disclosed in Note 5 - " Loans and Leases."
 In addition to the transaction reserve described above, Huntington also maintains a general reserve that consists of various risk-profile reserve components. The risk-profile components consider items unique to Huntington's structure, policies, processes, and portfolio composition, as well as qualitative measurements and assessments of the loan portfolios including, but not limited to, economic uncertainty, concentrations, portfolio composition, industry comparisons and internal review functions.
 Huntington has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the measurement of its ACL given the well-defined non-accrual policies in place for all loan portfolios which results in timely reversal of outstanding interest through interest income.
 The estimate for the off-balance sheet exposures, the AULC, is determined using the same procedures and methodologies as used for the loan and lease portfolio supplemented by the information related to future draws and related credit loss expectations. The AULC is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 HTM Securities - The allowance for held-to-maturity debt securities is estimated using a CECL methodology. Any expected credit loss is provided through the allowance for credit loss on HTM securities and is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the security so that the balance sheet reflects the net amount Huntington expects to collect. Nearly all of Huntington's HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, there is a zero credit loss expectation on these securities.
 2023 Form 10-K 100

 AFS Securities - Huntington evaluates its available-for-sale investment securities portfolio on a quarterly basis for indicators of impairment. Huntington assesses whether an impairment has occurred when the fair value of a debt security is less than the amortized cost at the balance sheet date. Management reviews the amount of unrealized loss, the credit rating history, market trends of similar security classes, time remaining to maturity, and the source of both interest and principal payments to identify securities which could potentially be impaired. For those debt securities that Huntington intends to sell or is more likely than not required to sell, before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is considered to be impaired and is recognized in provision for credit losses. For those debt securities that Huntington does not intend to sell or is not more likely than not required to sell, prior to expected recovery of amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through an allowance in provision for credit losses while the noncredit portion is recognized in OCI. In determining the credit portion, Huntington uses a discounted cash flow analysis, which includes evaluating the timing and amount of the expected cash flows. Non-credit-related impairment results from other factors, including increased liquidity spreads and higher interest rates.
 Charge-off of Uncollectible Loans — Any loan in any portfolio may be charged-off prior to the policies described below if a loss confirming event has occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, foreclosure, or receipt of an asset valuation indicating a collateral deficiency and that asset is the sole source of repayment. Additionally, discharged, collateral dependent non-reaffirmed debt in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings will result in a charge-off to estimated collateral value, less anticipated selling costs, unless the repayment is likely to occur based on objective evidence.
 Commercial loans and leases are generally either charged-off or written down to net realizable value at 90 -days past due. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally charged-off at 120 -days past due. First-lien and junior-lien home equity loans are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150 -days past due and 120 -days past due, respectively. Residential mortgages are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral at 150 -days past due.
 Collateral — Huntington pledges assets as collateral as required for various transactions including security repurchase agreements, public deposits, loan notes, derivative financial instruments, short-term borrowings, and long-term borrowings. Assets that have been pledged as collateral, including those that can be sold or repledged by the secured party, continue to be reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Huntington also accepts collateral, primarily as part of various transactions including derivative instruments and security resale agreements. Collateral received is excluded from the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 The market value of collateral accepted or pledged is regularly monitored and additional collateral is obtained or provided as necessary to ensure appropriate collateral coverage in these transactions.
 Premises and Equipment — Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and building improvements are depreciated over an average of 30 to 40 years and 10 to 30 years, respectively. Land improvements and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over an average of 5 to 20 years, while equipment is depreciated over a range of 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the asset's useful life or the lease term, including any renewal periods for which renewal is reasonably assured. Premises and equipment are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
 Mortgage Servicing Rights — Huntington recognizes the rights to service mortgage loans as an asset when servicing is contractually separated from the underlying mortgage loans by sale or securitization of the loans with servicing rights retained or when purchased. MSRs are included in servicing rights and other intangible assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All MSR assets are recorded using the fair value method. Any change in the fair value of MSRs during the period is recorded in mortgage banking income.
 101 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — Under the acquisition method of accounting, the net assets of entities acquired by Huntington are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess cost of consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis at October 1st of each year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized either on an accelerated or straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Other intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
 Operating Leases (Lessee) — Huntington has elected not to include non-lease components in the measurement of right-of-use assets, and as such allocates the costs attributable to such components, where those costs are not separately identifiable, via per-square-foot costing analysis developed by the entity for owned and leased spaces. Huntington uses a portfolio approach to develop discount rates as its lease portfolio is comprised of substantially all branch space and office space used in the entity's operations. That rate, an input used in the measurement of the entity's right-of-use assets, leverages an incremental borrowing rate of appropriate tenor and collateralization.
 Derivative Financial Instruments — A variety of derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, swaptions, caps, swaption collars, floors, forward contracts, and forward starting interest rate swaps are used in asset and liability management activities to protect against the risk of adverse price or interest rate movements. These instruments provide flexibility in adjusting Huntington's sensitivity to changes in interest rates without exposure to loss of principal and higher funding requirements.
 Huntington also uses derivatives, principally loan sale commitments, in hedging its mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments and its mortgage loans held for sale. Mortgage loan sale commitments and the related interest rate lock commitments are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value reflected in mortgage banking income. Huntington also uses certain derivative financial instruments to offset changes in value of its MSRs. These derivatives consist primarily of forward interest rate agreements and forward mortgage contracts. The derivative instruments used are not designated as qualifying hedges. Accordingly, such derivatives are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in mortgage banking income.
 Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or a liability (in other assets and other liabilities, respectively) and measured at fair value. Accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends on whether the derivative is designated and qualifies in a hedging relationship. At inception a derivative contract can be designated as:
 • a qualifying hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge);
 • a qualifying hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset, liability or forecasted transaction (cash flow hedge); or
 • a qualifying hedge of Huntington's investment in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities (net investment hedge).
 Changes in the fair value of a derivative that has been designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that have been designated as net investment hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and reclassified into earnings during the period the foreign entity is substantially liquidated or other elements of the currency translation adjustment are reclassified into earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives which do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in current period earnings.
 2023 Form 10-K 102

 For those derivatives to which hedge accounting is applied, Huntington formally documents the hedging relationship and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. This documentation identifies the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, and, unless the hedge meets all of the criteria to assume there is no ineffectiveness, the method that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging instrument. Huntington typically assesses effectiveness using statistical regression at inception and on an ongoing basis.
 Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when:
 • the derivative is no longer effective or expected to be effective in offsetting changes in the fair value, cash flows or changes in net investment of a hedged item (including firm commitments or forecasted transactions);
 • the derivative expires, is sold, terminated, or exercised;
 • the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring by the end of the originally specified time period;
 • the hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment; or
 • the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is removed.
 When hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value will be recorded in current period earnings unless re-designated.
 Like other financial instruments, derivatives contain an element of credit risk, which is the possibility that Huntington will incur a loss because the counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations. Notional values of interest rate swaps and other off-balance sheet financial instruments significantly exceed the credit risk associated with these instruments and represent contractual balances on which calculations of amounts to be exchanged are based. Credit exposure is limited to the sum of the aggregate fair value of positions that have become favorable to Huntington, including any accrued interest receivable due from counterparties. Potential credit losses are mitigated by derivatives through central clearing parties, careful evaluation of counterparty credit standing, selection of counterparties from a limited group of high quality institutions, collateral agreements, and other contract provisions. Huntington considers the value of collateral held and collateral provided in determining the net carrying value of derivatives.
 Huntington offsets the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement.
 Fair Value Measurements — The Company records or discloses certain of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels in a valuation hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
 • Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 • Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 • Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
 A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 103 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Bank Owned Life Insurance — Huntington's bank owned life insurance policies are recorded at their cash surrender value. Huntington recognizes tax-exempt income from the periodic increases in the cash surrender value of these policies and from death benefits. A portion of the cash surrender value is supported by holdings in separate accounts. Book value protection for the separate accounts is provided by the insurance carriers and a highly rated major bank.
 Transfers of Financial Assets and Securitizations — Transfers of financial assets in which we have surrendered control over the transferred assets are accounted for as sales. In assessing whether control has been surrendered, Huntington considers whether the transferee would be a consolidated affiliate, the existence and extent of any continuing involvement in the transferred financial assets, and the impact of all arrangements or agreements made contemporaneously with, or in contemplation of, the transfer, even if they were not entered into at the time of transfer. Control is generally considered to have been surrendered when (i) the transferred assets have been legally isolated from Huntington or any of its consolidated affiliates, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (ii) the transferee (or, if the transferee is an entity whose sole purpose is to engage in securitization or asset-backed financing that is constrained from pledging or exchanging the assets it receives, each third-party holder of its beneficial interests) has the right to pledge or exchange the assets (or beneficial interests) it received without any constraints that provide more than a trivial benefit to Huntington, and (iii) neither Huntington nor its consolidated affiliates and agents have (a) both the right and obligation under any agreement to repurchase or redeem the transferred assets before their maturity, (b) the unilateral ability to cause the holder to return specific financial assets that also provides Huntington with a more-than-trivial benefit (other than through a cleanup call) or (c) an agreement that permits the transferee to require Huntington to repurchase the transferred assets at a price so favorable that it is probable that it will require Huntington to repurchase them.
 If the sale criteria are met, the transferred financial assets are removed from the balance sheet and a gain or loss on sale is recognized. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. For the majority of financial asset transfers, it is clear whether or not Huntington has surrendered control. For other transfers, such as in the case of complex transactions or where Huntington have continuing involvement, we generally obtain a legal opinion as to whether the transfer results in a true sale by law.
 Gains and losses on the loans and leases sold and servicing rights associated with loan and lease sales are determined when the related loans or leases are sold to either a securitization trust or third-party. For loan or lease sales with servicing retained, a servicing asset is recorded at fair value for the right to service the loans sold.
 Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits — Huntington recognizes the funded status of the postretirement benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net postretirement benefit cost charged to current earnings related to these plans is predominantly based on various actuarial assumptions regarding expected future experience.
 Certain employees are participants in various defined contribution and other non-qualified supplemental retirement plans. Contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to current earnings.
 In addition, Huntington maintains a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Employer contributions to the plan are charged to current earnings.
 Revenue Recognition — Huntington earns a variety of revenue including interest and fees from customers as well as revenues from non-customers. Certain sources of revenue are recognized within interest or fee income and are outside of the scope of ASC 606. Other sources of revenue fall within the scope of ASC 606 and are generally recognized within noninterest income.
 2023 Form 10-K 104

 Huntington recognizes revenue when the performance obligations related to the transfer of goods or services under the terms of a contract are satisfied. Some obligations are satisfied at a point in time while others are satisfied over a period of time. Revenue is recognized as the amount of consideration to which Huntington expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. When consideration includes a variable component, the amount of consideration attributable to variability is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that significant revenue recognized will not be reversed when uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Generally, the variability relating to the consideration is explicitly stated in the contracts, but may also arise from Huntington's customer business practices, for example, waiving certain fees related to customer's deposit accounts. Huntington's contracts generally do not contain terms that require significant judgement to determine the variability impacting the transaction price.
 Control is transferred to a customer either at a point in time or over time. A performance obligation is deemed satisfied when the control over goods or services is transferred to the customer. To determine when control is transferred at a point in time, Huntington considers indicators, including, but not limited to, the right to payment for the asset, transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the asset and acceptance of the asset by the customer.
 Refer to Note 15 - " Revenue from Contracts with Customers " for details related to revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606").
 Income Taxes — Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future book and tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income at the time of enactment of such change in tax rates.
 Any interest or penalties due for payment of income taxes are included in the provision for income taxes. To the extent we do not consider it more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, a valuation allowance is recorded. All positive and negative evidence is reviewed when determining how much of a valuation allowance is recognized on a quarterly basis. In determining the requirements for a valuation allowance, sources of possible taxable income are evaluated including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in appropriate carryback years, and tax-planning strategies. Huntington applies a more likely than not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties.
 Share-Based Compensation — Huntington uses the fair value based method of accounting for awards of HBAN stock granted to employees under various share-based compensation plans. Share-based compensation costs are recognized prospectively for all new awards granted under these plans. Compensation expense relating to stock options is calculated using a methodology that is based on the underlying assumptions of the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is charged to expense over the requisite service period (e.g., vesting period) taking into account retirement eligibility. Compensation expense relating to restricted stock awards is based upon the fair value of the awards on the date of grant and is charged to earnings over the requisite service period (e.g., vesting period) taking into account the retirement eligibility of the award.
 Stock Repurchases — Acquisitions of Huntington stock are recorded at cost.
 105 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 2. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
 Accounting standards adopted in the current period

 Standard
 Summary of guidance
 Effects on financial Statements

 ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
 Issued March 2022

 • The amendments in this update eliminate TDR accounting while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan modifications when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The ASU also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases.

 • Management adopted the guidance during the first quarter of 2023.
 • The ASU has been applied prospectively, except the portion of the standard related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs where we elected to use a modified retrospective transition method.
 • The adoption did not result in a material impact on Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Accounting standards yet to be adopted

 Standard
 Summary of guidance
 Effects on financial statements

 ASU 2023-02 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method Issued: March 2023

 • Permits the election of the proportional amortization method for any tax equity investment that meets specific criteria.
 • Requires that the election be made on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis.
 • Receipt of tax credits must be accounted for using the flow through method.
 • Requires that a liability be recorded for delayed equity contributions.
 • Expands disclosure requirements for the nature of investments and financial statement effect.

 • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
 • Huntington adopted the standard effective January 1, 2024. on a modified retrospective basis.
 • Huntington does not expect adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

 ASU 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvement to Reportable Segments

 • Requires disclosure of the position and title of the CODM and significant segment expenses that the CODM is regularly provided.
 • Requires the disclosure of other segment items representing the difference between segment revenue and expense and the profit and loss measure of the segment.
 • Allows for the CODM to use more than one measure of segment profit and loss, as long as one measure is consistent with GAAP.

 • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
 • Early adoption is permitted.
 • The amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented and segment expense categories should be based on the categories identified at adoption.
 • Huntington does not expect adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

 ASU 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
 • Requires a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and reporting currency amounts between the reported amount of income tax expense (or benefit) to the amount of statutory federal income tax at current rates for specified categories using specified disaggregation criteria.
 • The amount of net income taxes paid for federal, state, and foreign taxes, as well as the amount paid to any jurisdiction that net taxes exceed a 5% quantitative threshold.
 • The amendments will require the disclosure of pre-tax income disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign.
 • The amendment also eliminates certain disclosures related to unrecognized tax benefits and certain temporary differences.

 • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
 • Early adoption is permitted in any annual period where financial statements have not yet been issued.
 • The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis but retrospective application is permitted.
 • Huntington does not expect adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

 2023 Form 10-K 106

 3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
 Capstone Partners
 On June 15, 2022, Huntington acquired Capstone Partners, a leading middle market investment bank and advisory firm dedicated to servicing middle market companies throughout their full business lifecycle. The acquisition resulted in $ 192 million of goodwill, allocated to the Commercial Banking segment, which approximates total consideration. The goodwill recognized is deductible for tax purposes.
 TCF Financial Corporation
 On June 9, 2021, Huntington closed the acquisition of TCF Financial Corporation in an all-stock transaction valued at $ 7.2 billion. TCF was a financial holding company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan with operations across the Midwest. The acquisition brought increased scale and market density, as well as added new markets and capabilities.
 Under the terms of the agreement, TCF shareholders received 3.0028 shares of Huntington common stock for each share of TCF common stock. Holders of TCF common stock also received cash in lieu of fractional shares. In addition, each outstanding share of 5.70 % Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock of TCF was converted into one share of a newly created series of preferred stock of Huntington, Series I Preferred Stock.
 Huntington's operating results for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of TCF Financial Corporation subsequent to the acquisition on June 9, 2021. Due to the conversions of TCF system occurring throughout 2021, as well as other streamlining and integration of the operating activities into those of the Company, historical reporting for the former TCF operations is impracticable and thus disclosures of the revenue from the assets acquired and income before income taxes is impracticable for the period subsequent to acquisition.
 107 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND OTHER SECURITIES
 Debt securities purchased in which Huntington has the intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities. All other debt and equity securities are classified as either available-for-sale or other securities. The following tables provide amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses by investment category.

 Unrealized

 Amortized
Cost (1)(2)
 Gross
 Gains

 Gross

 U.S. Treasury
 $
 2,855
 $
 $
 —
 $
 2,856

 3,592
 —
 ( 408)
 3,184

 13,155
 ( 1,776)
 11,382

 2,536
 —
 ( 709)
 1,827

 —
 ( 6)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency, and other agency securities
 22,299
 ( 2,899)
 19,404

 3,536
 ( 165)
 3,373

 —
 ( 12)

 —
 ( 31)

 2,202
 2,043

 Other securities/Sovereign debt
 —
 —

 $
 28,565
 $
 $
 ( 3,345)
 $

 $
 4,770
 $
 $
 ( 664)
 $
 4,112

 9,368
 ( 1,145)
 8,224

 1,509
 —
 ( 224)
 1,285

 —
 ( 6)

 15,748
 ( 2,039)
 13,716

 —
 —

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 $
 ( 2,039)
 $

 Other securities, at cost:

 Non-marketable equity securities:

 Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Federal Reserve Bank stock
 —
 —

 Other non-marketable equity securities
 —
 —

 Other securities, at fair value

 Mutual funds
 —
 —

 Equity securities
 —

 Total other securities
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 (1)Amortized cost amounts exclude accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within accrued income and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities totaled $ 61 million and $ 36 million, respectively.
 (2)Excluded from the amortized cost are portfolio level basis adjustments for securities designated in fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method. The basis adjustments totaled $ 619 million and represent a reduction to the amortized cost of the securities being hedged. The securities being hedged under the portfolio layer method are primarily Residential CMO and Residential MBS securities.
 2023 Form 10-K 108

 Unrealized

 Amortized
 Cost (1)(2)

 Gross
Gains
 Gross

 U.S. Treasury
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 3,336
 —
 ( 422)
 2,914

 14,349
 ( 2,090)
 12,263

 2,565
 —
 ( 612)
 1,953

 ( 9)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency, and other agency securities
 20,543
 ( 3,133)
 17,415

 3,527
 3,290

 —
 ( 18)

 —
 ( 44)

 2,467
 ( 385)
 2,214

 Other securities/Sovereign debt
 —
 —

 $
 27,103
 $
 $
 ( 3,818)
 $

 $
 4,970
 $
 $
 ( 714)
 $
 4,260

 10,295
 —
 ( 1,375)
 8,920

 1,652
 —
 ( 204)
 1,448

 —
 ( 9)

 17,050
 ( 2,302)
 14,752

 —
 —

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 $
 ( 2,302)
 $

 Other securities, at cost:

 Non-marketable equity securities:

 Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Federal Reserve Bank stock
 —
 —

 Other non-marketable equity securities
 —
 —

 Other securities, at fair value

 Mutual funds
 —
 —

 Equity securities
 —
 —

 Total other securities
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 (1)Amortized cost amounts exclude accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within accrued income and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities totaled $ 64 million and $ 39 million, respectively.
 (2)Excluded from the amortized cost are portfolio level basis adjustments for securities designated in fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method. The basis adjustments totaled $ 849 million and represent a reduction to the amortized cost of the securities being hedged. The securities being hedged under the portfolio layer method are primarily Residential CMO and Residential MBS securities.
 109 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without incurring penalties.

 2023
 2022

 Amortized
 Cost

 Fair
 Value

 Amortized
 Cost

 Fair
 Value

 Under 1 year
 $
 3,380
 $
 3,372
 $
 $

 After 1 year through 5 years
 2,484
 2,338
 2,182
 2,033

 After 5 years through 10 years
 2,392
 2,255
 3,106
 2,814

 After 10 years
 20,309
 17,340
 21,297
 18,065

 $
 28,565
 $
 $
 27,103
 $

 Under 1 year
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —

 After 1 year through 5 years

 After 5 years through 10 years

 After 10 years
 15,632
 13,605
 16,909
 14,620

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 $
 $

 The following tables provide detail on investment securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.

 Less than 12 Months
 Over 12 Months
 Total

 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value

 $
 $
 ( 7)
 $
 2,641
 $
 ( 401)
 $
 3,184
 $
 ( 408)

 ( 2)
 10,913
 ( 1,774)
 11,120
 ( 1,776)

 —
 —
 1,827
 ( 709)
 1,827
 ( 709)

 —
 —
 ( 6)
 ( 6)

 ( 9)
 15,462
 ( 2,890)
 16,212
 ( 2,899)

 ( 19)
 2,496
 ( 146)
 3,121
 ( 165)

 —
 —
 ( 12)
 ( 12)

 —
 —
 ( 31)
 ( 31)

 —
 —
 2,043
 2,043

 Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
 $
 1,375
 $
 ( 28)
 $
 20,381
 $
 ( 3,317)
 $
 21,756
 $
 ( 3,345)

 $
 $
 ( 1)
 $
 3,542
 $
 ( 663)
 $
 3,698
 $
 ( 664)

 —
 —
 8,108
 ( 1,145)
 8,108
 ( 1,145)

 —
 —
 1,285
 ( 224)
 1,285
 ( 224)

 —
 —
 ( 6)
 ( 6)

 ( 1)
 13,030
 ( 2,038)
 13,186
 ( 2,039)

 Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 ( 1)
 $
 13,030
 $
 ( 2,038)
 $
 13,186
 $
 ( 2,039)

 2023 Form 10-K 110

 Less than 12 Months
 Over 12 Months
 Total

 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value

 $
 2,096
 $
 ( 224)
 $
 $
 ( 198)
 $
 2,914
 $
 ( 422)

 2,455
 ( 286)
 9,490
 ( 1,804)
 11,945
 ( 2,090)

 1,090
 ( 249)
 ( 363)
 1,953
 ( 612)

 ( 1)
 ( 8)
 ( 9)

 5,681
 ( 760)
 11,227
 ( 2,373)
 16,908
 ( 3,133)

 2,298
 ( 174)
 ( 64)
 3,105

 ( 13)
 ( 5)
 ( 18)

 ( 10)
 ( 34)
 ( 44)

 ( 105)
 1,487
 ( 280)
 2,214
 ( 385)

 Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
 $
 8,944
 $
 ( 1,062)
 $
 13,763
 $
 ( 2,756)
 $
 22,707
 $
 ( 3,818)

 $
 1,702
 $
 $
 2,283
 $
 ( 476)
 $
 3,985
 $
 ( 714)

 4,151
 ( 462)
 4,711
 ( 913)
 8,862
 ( 1,375)

 1,201
 ( 154)
 ( 50)
 1,448
 ( 204)

 ( 9)
 —
 —
 ( 9)

 7,178
 ( 863)
 7,241
 ( 1,439)
 14,419
 ( 2,302)

 Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
 $
 7,178
 $
 ( 863)
 $
 7,241
 $
 ( 1,439)
 $
 14,419
 $
 ( 2,302)

 During 2022, Huntington transferred $ 4.2 billion of securities from the AFS portfolio to the HTM portfolio. At the time of the transfers, AOCI included $ 58 million of net unrealized losses attributed to these securities. The net unrealized loss will be amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the securities.
 At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of investment securities pledged to secure public and trust deposits, trading account liabilities, U.S. Treasury demand notes, security repurchase agreements and to support borrowing capacity totaled $ 35.1 billion and $ 26.9 billion, respectively. There were no securities of a single issuer, which were not governmental or government-sponsored, that exceeded 10% of shareholders' equity at either December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, all HTM debt securities are comprised of securities issued by government sponsored entities or are explicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. In addition, there were no HTM debt securities considered past due at December 31, 2023.
 Based on an evaluation of available information including security type, counterparty credit quality, past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that are relevant to collectability of cash flows, as of December 31, 2023, Huntington has concluded that it expects to receive all contractual cash flows from each security held in its AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. There was no allowance related to securities as of December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
 111 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 5. LOANS AND LEASES
 The following table provides a detailed listing of Huntington's loan and lease portfolio.

 2023
 2022

 Commercial loan and lease portfolio:

 $
 $
 48,121

 5,228
 5,252

 Total commercial loan and lease portfolio
 68,307
 67,013

 Consumer loan portfolio:

 22,226

 10,375

 5,899
 5,376

 1,461
 1,379

 Total consumer loan portfolio
 53,675
 52,510

 Total loans and leases (1)(2)

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 ( 2,255)
 ( 2,121)

 Net loans and leases
 $
 119,727
 $
 117,402

 (1)Loans and leases are reported at principal amount outstanding including unamortized purchase premiums and discounts, unearned income, and net direct fees and costs associated with originating and acquiring loans and leases. The aggregate amount of these loan and lease adjustments was a net (discount) premium of $( 323) million and $ 3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 (2)The total amount of accrued interest recorded for these loans and leases at December 31, 2023, was $ 333 million and $ 220 million of commercial and consumer loan and lease portfolios, respectively, and at December 31, 2022, was $ 274 million and $ 186 million of commercial and consumer loan and lease portfolios, respectively. Accrued interest is presented in accrued income and other receivables within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet s.
 Huntington revised its process for assessing and monitoring the risk and performance of non-real estate secured commercial loans, primarily loans to REITs, during the 2023 second quarter. These loans were reclassified from commercial real estate to the commercial and industrial loan category to align reporting with this process
 revision. All prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.
 Lease Financing
 The following table presents net investments in lease financing receivables by category.

 2023
 2022

 Lease payments receivable
 $
 4,980
 $
 4,916

 Estimated residual value of leased assets

 Gross investment in lease financing receivables
 5,784
 5,704

 Deferred origination costs

 Deferred fees, unearned income and other
 ( 610)
 ( 498)

 Total lease financing receivables
 $
 5,228
 $
 5,252

 The carrying value of residual values guaranteed was $ 478 million and $ 466 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The future lease rental payments due from customers on sales-type and direct financing leases at December 31, 2023, totaled $ 5.0 billion and were due as follows: $ 810 million in 2024, $ 749 million in 2025, $ 704 million in 2026, $ 752 million in 2027, $ 766 million in 2028, and $ 1.2 billion thereafter. Interest income recognized for these types of leases was $ 287 million, $ 249 million, and $ 193 million for the years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
 2023 Form 10-K 112

 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Leases
 The following table presents NALs by class.

 Nonaccrual loans and leases with no ACL

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 Nonaccrual loans and leases with no ACL

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 $
 $
 $
 $

 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 Home Equity
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases
 $
 $
 $
 $

 The total amount of interest recorded to interest income for NAL loans was $ 21 million, $ 23 million, and $ 10 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
 The following tables present an aging analysis of loans and leases, by class.

 Past Due (1)
 Loans Accounted for Under FVO
 Total Loans
and Leases
 90 or
more days
past due
and accruing

 30-59
 Days
 60-89
 Days
 90 or
more days
 Total
 Current

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 50,429
 $
 —
 $
 $
 (2)

 12,342
 —
 —

 5,169
 —
 5,228

 23,060
 (3)

 12,358
 —

 9,932
 —

 5,873
 —
 5,899

 1,440
 —
 1,461

 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,205
 $
 120,603
 $
 $
 $

 Past Due (1)
 Loans Accounted for Under FVO
 Total Loans
and Leases
 90 or
more days
past due
and accruing

 30-59 Days

 60-89 Days

 90 or more days
 Total
 Current

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 47,941
 $
 —
 $
 48,121
 $
 (2)

 13,628
 —
 —

 5,188
 —
 5,252

 21,528
 22,226
 (3)

 13,035
 —

 10,222
 10,375

 5,353
 —
 5,376

 1,360
 —
 1,379

 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,083
 $
 118,255
 $
 $
 $

 (1)NALs are included in this aging analysis based on the loan's past due status.
 (2)Amounts include SBA loans and leases.
 (3)Amounts include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
 113 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Credit Quality Indicators
 To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for commercial loans, and for purposes of determining an appropriate ACL level for these loans, Huntington utilizes the following internally defined categories of credit grades:
 • Pass - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.
 • OLEM - The credit risk may be relatively minor yet represents a risk given certain specific circumstances. If the potential weaknesses are not monitored or mitigated, the loan may weaken or the collateral may be inadequate to protect Huntington's position in the future. For these reasons, Huntington considers the loans to be potential problem loans.
 • Substandard - Inadequately protected loans resulting from the borrower's ability to repay, equity, and/or the collateral pledged to secure the loan. These loans have identified weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. It is likely Huntington will sustain some loss if any identified weaknesses are not mitigated.
 • Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as Substandard, with the added elements of the full collection of the loan is improbable and that the possibility of loss is high.
 Loans are generally assigned a category of "Pass" rating upon initial approval and subsequently updated as appropriate based on the borrower's financial performance.
 Commercial loans categorized as OLEM, Substandard, or Doubtful are considered Criticized loans. Commercial loans categorized as Substandard or Doubtful are both considered Classified loans.
 For all classes within the consumer loan portfolios, borrower credit bureau scores are monitored as an indicator of credit quality. A credit bureau score is a credit score developed by FICO based on data provided by the credit bureaus. The credit bureau score is widely accepted as the standard measure of consumer credit risk used by lenders, regulators, rating agencies, and consumers. The higher the credit bureau score, the higher likelihood of repayment and therefore, an indicator of higher credit quality.
 Huntington assesses the risk in the loan portfolio by utilizing numerous risk characteristics. The classifications described above, and also presented in the table below, represent one of those characteristics that are closely monitored in the overall credit risk management processes.
 2023 Form 10-K 114

 The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans and leases by vintage and credit quality indicator.

 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
 Revolver Total at Amortized Cost Basis
 Revolver Total Converted to Term Loans

 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 Prior
 Total

 Pass
 $
 14,677
 $
 9,889
 $
 3,673
 $
 2,151
 $
 1,187
 $
 1,431
 $
 14,563
 $
 $
 47,574

 OLEM
 —
 1,030

 —
 2,053

 Total Commercial and industrial
 $
 15,283
 $
 10,433
 $
 3,925
 $
 2,321
 $
 1,282
 $
 1,635
 $
 15,775
 $
 $

 Pass
 $
 1,395
 $
 3,253
 $
 1,774
 $
 1,063
 $
 1,152
 $
 1,288
 $
 $
 —
 $
 10,510

 OLEM
 —

 —
 1,020

 Total Commercial real estate
 $
 1,722
 $
 4,063
 $
 2,062
 $
 1,138
 $
 1,321
 $
 1,456
 $
 $
 —
 $

 Pass
 $
 1,973
 $
 1,284
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,017

 OLEM
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total Lease financing
 $
 2,009
 $
 1,372
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,228

 750+
 $
 2,077
 $
 3,963
 $
 6,028
 $
 3,292
 $
 $
 2,191
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 18,300

 1,024
 —
 —
 4,409

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Residential mortgage
 $
 3,051
 $
 5,066
 $
 7,074
 $
 3,866
 $
 1,020
 $
 3,469
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 23,546

 750+
 $
 2,624
 $
 1,964
 $
 1,525
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 7,305

 1,438
 1,305
 —
 —
 4,241

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Automobile
 $
 4,232
 $
 3,550
 $
 2,698
 $
 1,228
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Home Equity

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 4,454
 $
 $
 6,804

 2,083
 2,779

 <650

 Total Home equity
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 6,881
 $
 $

 750+
 $
 1,206
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,539

 —
 —
 1,248

 <650
 —
 —

 Total RV and marine
 $
 1,499
 $
 1,231
 $
 1,140
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,899

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 <650

 Total Other consumer
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,461

 115 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
 Revolver Total at Amortized Cost Basis
 Revolver Total Converted to Term Loans

 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 2018
 Prior
 Total

 Pass
 $
 18,092
 $
 6,742
 $
 3,332
 $
 2,107
 $
 1,156
 $
 1,186
 $
 13,060
 $
 $
 45,678

 OLEM
 —

 —
 1,914

 Doubtful
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total Commercial and industrial
 $
 18,568
 $
 7,064
 $
 3,607
 $
 2,340
 $
 1,347
 $
 1,469
 $
 13,723
 $
 $
 48,121

 Pass
 $
 4,022
 $
 3,115
 $
 1,562
 $
 1,662
 $
 $
 1,020
 $
 $
 —
 $
 12,729

 OLEM
 —
 —

 —

 Total Commercial real estate
 $
 4,314
 $
 3,284
 $
 1,655
 $
 1,779
 $
 $
 1,169
 $
 $
 —
 $

 Pass
 $
 1,930
 $
 1,291
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,949

 OLEM
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total Lease financing
 $
 2,027
 $
 1,337
 $
 1,041
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,252

 750+
 $
 3,666
 $
 6,274
 $
 3,566
 $
 $
 $
 2,070
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 16,891

 1,394
 1,172
 —
 —
 4,308

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Residential mortgage
 $
 5,109
 $
 7,514
 $
 4,244
 $
 1,152
 $
 $
 3,327
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 22,042

 750+
 $
 2,770
 $
 2,212
 $
 1,243
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 7,389

 1,944
 1,508
 —
 —
 4,716

 <650
 —
 —
 1,049

 Total Automobile
 $
 5,021
 $
 4,072
 $
 2,099
 $
 1,259
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 4,787
 $
 $
 7,030

 2,129
 2,816

 <650

 Total Home equity
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 7,251
 $
 $
 10,374

 750+
 $
 1,148
 $
 1,031
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,063

 —
 —
 1,205

 <650
 —
 —

 Total RV and marine
 $
 1,443
 $
 1,364
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,376

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 <650

 Total Other consumer
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,379

 (1)Consistent with the credit quality disclosures, indicators for the Commercial portfolio are based on internally defined categories of credit grades.
 (2)Consistent with the credit quality disclosures, indicators for the Consumer portfolio are based on updated customer credit scores refreshed at least quarterly.
 2023 Form 10-K 116

 The following tables present the gross charge-offs of loans and leases by vintage.

 Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year

 Revolver Gross Charge-offs

 Revolver Converted to Term Loans Gross Charge-offs

 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 Prior
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —
 —

 Lease Financing
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 Modifications to Debtors Experiencing Financial Difficulty
 Effective January 1, 2023, Huntington adopted ASU 2022-02- Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. For additional information on the adoption, refer to both Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " and Note 2 - " Accounting Standards Update."
 Huntington will modify the contractual terms of loans to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a way to mitigate loss, proactively work with borrowers in financial difficulty, or to comply with regulations regarding the treatment of certain bankruptcy filing and discharge situations.
 A debtor is considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when there is significant doubt about the debtor's ability to make required payments on the debt or to get equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for similar debt. A loan placed on nonaccrual because the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty may be returned to accrual status when all contractually due interest and principal has been paid and the borrower demonstrates the financial capacity to continue to pay as agreed, with the risk of loss diminished.
 Reported Modification Types
 Modifications in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other than insignificant payment delay or a term extension that have occurred in the current reporting period to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty are disclosed along with the financial impact of the modifications.
 Huntington will generally try other forms of relief before principal forgiveness but would define any contractual reduction in the amount of principal due without receiving payment or assets as forgiveness. For the purpose of the disclosure Huntington considers any contractual change in interest rate that results in the borrower receiving a below market rate to be an interest rate reduction. Many factors can go into what is considered an other than insignificant payment delay, for example, the significance of the restructured payment amount relative to the normal loan payment or the relative significance of the delay to the original loan terms. Generally, Huntington would consider any delay in payment of greater than 90 days in the last 12 months to be significant. For the purpose of the disclosure modification of contingent payment features or covenants that would have accelerated payment are not considered term extensions.
 117 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Following is a description of what is considered a borrower experiencing financial difficulty by the different loan types:
 Commercial loan modifications – Our strategy involving commercial borrowers generally includes working with these borrowers to allow them time to improve their financial position and remain a Huntington customer through restructuring their notes or to restructure elsewhere if necessary. Borrowers that are rated substandard or worse in accordance with the regulatory definition, or that cannot otherwise restructure at market terms and conditions, are considered to be experiencing financial difficulty. A subsequent restructuring or modification of a loan may occur when either the loan matures according to the terms of the modified agreement, or the borrower requests a change to the loan agreements. It is subjected to the normal underwriting standards and processes for other similar credit extensions, both new and existing. The restructured note is evaluated to determine if it is considered a new loan or a continuation of the prior loan.
 Consumer loan modifications – Consumer loans in which a borrower requires a modification as a result of negative changes to their financial condition or to avoid default, generally indicate the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The primary modifications made to consumer loans are amortization, maturity date and interest rate changes. Consumer borrowers identified as experiencing financial difficulty are unable to refinance their loans through the Company's normal origination channels or through other independent sources. Most, but not all, of the loans may be delinquent. The Company's primary loan categories that receive modifications are residential mortgage, automobile, home equity, RV and marine, and other consumer loans.
 Impact on Credit Quality of Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
 Huntington's ALLL is influenced by loan level characteristics that inform the assessed propensity to default. As such, the provision for credit losses is impacted primarily by changes in such loan level characteristics, such as payment performance. Commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are risk rated to reflect the increase in default characteristics so that that the ALLL reflects the future risk of loss. Borrowers experiencing financial difficulty can be classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans.
 The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis of loans modified during the reporting period to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of modification.

 Amortized Cost

 Interest rate reduction
 Term extension
 Payment deferral
 Combo - interest rate reduction and term extension
 Total
 % of total loan class (1)

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 0.90
 %

 —
 1.26

 —
 0.27

 —
 —
 0.12

 —
 —
 0.12

 —
 —
 —
 0.02

 —
 —
 —
 0.07

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 0.58
 %

 (1)Represents the amortized cost of loans modified during the reporting period as a percentage of the period-end loan balance by class.
 2023 Form 10-K 118

 The following table describes the financial effect of the modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

 Interest Rate Reduction (1)

 Term Extension (1)

 Weighted-average contractual interest rate
 Weighted-average years added to the life

 From
 To

 8.62
 %
 8.05
 %
 1.0

 13.42
 8.75
 1.0

 6.32
 4.64
 7.7

 6.60
 6.26
 1.9

 8.88
 6.15
 14.6

 (1)Certain disclosures related to financial effects of modifications do not include deemed to be immaterial.
 The performance of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made is closely monitored to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Loans are considered to be in payment default at 90 or more days past due. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified during the reporting period.

 Past Due

 30-59
 Days
 60-89
 Days
 90 or
more days
 Total
 Current
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —
 —

 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 TDR Loans
 TDR Concession Types
 The following provides additional disclosures previously required by ASC Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, related to the year ended December 31, 2022.
 The Company's standards relating to loan modifications consider, among other factors, minimum verified income requirements, cash flow analyses, and collateral valuations. Each potential loan modification is reviewed individually and the terms of the loan are modified to meet a borrower's specific circumstances at a point in time. All commercial TDRs are reviewed and approved by our FRG.
 Following is a description of TDRs by the different loan types:
 Commercial loan TDRs – Our strategy involving commercial TDR borrowers includes working with these borrowers to allow them to refinance elsewhere, as well as allow them time to improve their financial position and remain a Huntington customer through refinancing their notes according to market terms and conditions in the future. A subsequent refinancing or modification of a loan may occur when either the loan matures according to the terms of the TDR-modified agreement, or the borrower requests a change to the loan agreements. At that time, the loan is evaluated to determine if the borrower is creditworthy. It is subjected to the normal underwriting standards and processes for other similar credit extensions, both new and existing. The refinanced note is evaluated to determine if it is considered a new loan or a continuation of the prior loan.
 119 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consumer loan TDRs – Residential mortgage TDRs represent loan modifications associated with traditional first-lien mortgage loans in which a concession has been provided to the borrower. The primary concessions given to residential mortgage borrowers are amortization, maturity date, and interest rate concessions. Residential mortgages identified as TDRs involve borrowers unable to refinance their mortgages through the Company's normal mortgage origination channels or through other independent sources. Some, but not all, of the loans may be delinquent. The Company may make similar interest rate, term, and principal concessions for Automobile, Home Equity, RV and Marine, and Other Consumer loan TDRs.
 TDR Impact on Credit Quality
 Huntington's ALLL is influenced by loan level characteristics that inform the assessed propensity to default. As such, the provision for credit losses is impacted primarily by changes in such loan level characteristics, such as payment performance, rather than the TDR classification. TDRs can be classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans. Nonaccrual TDRs are included in NALs whereas accruing TDRs are excluded from NALs as it is probable that all contractual principal and interest due under the restructured terms will be collected.
 The Company's TDRs may include multiple concessions and the disclosure classifications are presented based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
 The following table presents, by class and modification type, the number of contracts, post-modification outstanding balance, and the financial effects of the modification.

 New Troubled Debt Restructurings (1)

 Number of
Contracts
 Post-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (2)

 Interest rate concession
 Amortization or maturity date concession
 Chapter 7 bankruptcy
 Other
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $

 —
 —

 —
 —

 2,368
 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 Total new TDRs
 4,005
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 (1)TDRs may include multiple concessions and the disclosure classifications are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
 (2)Post-modification balances approximate pre-modification balances.
 Pledged Loans and Leases
 The Bank has access to secured borrowings from the Federal Reserve's discount window and advances from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans and leases totaling $ 101.8 billion and $ 70.9 billion, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Reserve and FHLB for access to these contingent funding sources.
 2023 Form 10-K 120

 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 The following table presents ACL activity by portfolio segment.

 Consumer
 Total

 Year Ended December 31, 2023:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,424
 $
 $
 2,121

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 270)
 ( 184)
 ( 454)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision for loan and lease losses

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,563
 $
 $
 2,255

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Benefit for unfunded lending commitments
 ( 5)
 —
 ( 5)

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,629
 $
 $
 2,400

 Year Ended December 31, 2022:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,462
 $
 $
 2,030

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 129)
 ( 184)
 ( 313)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision (benefit) for loan and lease losses
 ( 23)

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,424
 $
 $
 2,121

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Provision for unfunded lending commitments

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,495
 $
 $
 2,271

 Year Ended December 31, 2021:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,236
 $
 $
 1,814

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 243)
 ( 139)
 ( 382)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision (benefit) for loan and lease losses
 ( 13)
 ( 1)

 Allowance on PCD loans and leases at acquisition

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,462
 $
 $
 2,030

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Provision for unfunded lending commitments

 Unfunded lending commitment losses
 ( 1)
 —
 ( 1)

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,503
 $
 $
 2,107

 At December 31, 2023, the ACL was $ 2.4 billion, an increase of $ 129 million from the December 31, 2022 balance of $ 2.3 billion. The increase in the total ACL was primarily driven by a combination of loan and lease growth and modest overall coverage ratio builds throughout 2023.
 The Commercial ACL was $ 1.6 billion at December 31, 2023, an increase of $ 134 million from the December 31, 2022 balance of $ 1.5 billion. The primary drivers were approximately $ 1.3 billion of commercial loan growth and an increase in the coverage ratio for the commercial real estate loan portfolio, reflecting the ongoing risks presented by higher interest rates, increased vacancy rates and deteriorating property values.
 The Consumer ACL balance was $ 771 million at December 31, 2023, relatively flat compared to the December 31, 2022 balance of $ 776 million. Consumer loan growth over the course of 2023 was offset by modest improvement in the macroeconomic environment.
 121 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The baseline economic scenario used in the December 31, 2023 ACL determination included the federal funds rate projected to have peaked during the third quarter of 2023 and is forecast to remain at this terminal level until mid-2024 as the Federal Reserve continues to address the elevated inflation levels and tightness in the labor market. The Federal Reserve is expected to start cutting rates in the third quarter of 2024 at a rate of 25 basis points per quarter until reaching 3% in late 2026. Inflation is forecast to drop from 3.3% year over year at the end of 2023, to the Federal Reserve's target level of 2% by the fourth quarter of 2024. Unemployment is projected to gradually increase, peaking at 4.1% in the first quarter of 2025 before marginally improving to 3.9% by 2027.
 The economic scenarios used included elevated levels of economic uncertainty including the impact of specific challenges in the Commercial Real Estate industry, high inflation readings, the U.S labor market, the expected path of interest rate changes by the Federal Reserve, and the impact of significant conflicts on-going around the world. Given the uncertainty associated with key economic scenario assumptions, the December 31, 2023 ACL included a general reserve that consists of various risk profile components to address uncertainty not measured within the quantitative transaction reserve.

 7. MORTGAGE LOAN SALES AND SERVICING RIGHTS
 Residential Mortgage Portfolio
 The following table summarizes activity relating to residential mortgage loans sold with servicing retained.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Residential mortgage loans sold with servicing retained
 $
 4,109
 $
 5,686
 $
 9,702

 Pretax gains resulting from above loan sales (1)

 (1)Recorded in mortgage banking income.
 The following table summarizes the changes in MSRs recorded using the fair value method:

 2023
 2022

 Fair value, beginning of period
 $
 $

 New servicing assets created

 Servicing assets sold

 ( 1)
 —

 Change in fair value during the period due to:

 Time decay (1)
 ( 24)
 ( 22)

 Payoffs (2)
 ( 24)
 ( 34)

 Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions (3)

 Fair value, end of period
 $
 $

 (1)Represents decrease in value due to passage of time, including the impact from both regularly scheduled principal payments and partial loan paydowns.
 (2)Represents decrease in value associated with loans that paid off during the period.
 (3)Represents change in value resulting primarily from market-driven changes in interest rates.
 MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Therefore, the fair value of MSRs is estimated using a discounted future cash flow model. Changes in the assumptions used may have a significant impact on the valuation of MSRs. MSR values are sensitive to movement in interest rates as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which are impacted by the level of prepayments.
 2023 Form 10-K 122

 The following table summarizes the key assumptions and the sensitivity of the MSR value to changes in these assumptions.

 Decline in fair value due to
 Decline in fair value due to

 Actual
 10%
adverse
change
 20%
adverse
change
 Actual
 10%
adverse
change
 20%
adverse
change

 Constant prepayment rate (annualized)

 8.61
 %
 $
 ( 15)
 $
 ( 28)
 7.05
 %
 $
 ( 13)
 $
 ( 25)

 Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 bps
 ( 11)
 ( 22)
 bps
 ( 12)
 ( 22)

 Total servicing, late and other ancillary fees included in mortgage banking income was $ 98 million, $ 91 million, and $ 79 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $ 33.2 billion, $ 32.4 billion, and $ 31.0 billion at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

 8. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 Business segments are based on segment leadership structure, which reflects how segment performance is monitored and assessed. We have two major business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The Treasury / Other function includes technology and operations, other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 A rollforward of goodwill by business segment for which goodwill is allocated is presented in the table below. No goodwill impairment was recorded in 2023 or 2022.

 Consumer &
 Huntington

 Regional Banking
 Banking

 Balance, January 1, 2022

 $
 3,650
 $
 1,699
 $
 5,349

 Acquisitions
 —

 Balance, December 31, 2022
 3,650
 1,921
 5,571

 RPS sale
 ( 10)
 —
 ( 10)

 Balance, December 31, 2023
 $
 3,640
 $
 1,921
 $
 5,561

 Huntington's other intangible assets consisted of the following:

 Gross
Carrying
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Value

 Core deposit intangible
 $
 $
 ( 259)
 $

 Customer relationship
 ( 75)

 Total other intangible assets
 $
 $
 ( 334)
 $

 Core deposit intangible
 $
 $
 ( 216)
 $

 Customer relationship
 ( 81)

 Total other intangible assets
 $
 $
 ( 297)
 $

 The estimated amortization expense of other intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

 Amortization
 Expense

 2024
 $

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 123 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 9. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
 Premises and equipment were comprised of the following:

 2023
 2022

 Land and land improvements
 $
 $

 Buildings

 Leasehold improvements

 Equipment

 Total premises and equipment
 2,293
 2,278

 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 ( 1,184)
 ( 1,122)

 Net premises and equipment
 $
 1,109
 $
 1,156

 Depreciation and amortization charged to expense was as follows:

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Total depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
 $
 $
 $

 10. OPERATING LEASES
 At December 31, 2023, Huntington was obligated under non-cancelable leases for branch and office space. These leases are all classified as operating due to the amount of time such spaces are occupied relative to the underlying assets useful lives. Many of these leases contain renewal options, most of which are not included in measurement of the right-of-use asset as they are not considered reasonably certain of exercise (i.e., Huntington does not currently have a significant economic incentive to exercise these options).
 Net lease assets and liabilities are as follows:

 Classification
 2023
 2022

 Operating lease assets
 Other assets
 $
 $

 Lease liabilities
 Other liabilities
 $
 $

 Net lease cost are as follows:

 Classification
 2023
 2022

 Operating lease cost
 Net occupancy
 $
 $

 Short-term lease cost
 Net occupancy

 Net lease cost
 $
 $

 2023 Form 10-K 124

 Maturity of lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 are as follows:

 Total

 2024
 $

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 Thereafter

 Total lease payments

 Less: Interest
 ( 134)

 Total lease liabilities
 $

 Additional supplemental information related to the Company's operating leases is as follows:

 2023
 2022

 Year ended December 31:

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for operating cash flows
 $
 ( 77)
 $
 ( 80)

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for operating leases

 At December 31:

 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) for operating leases
 11.30
 11.48

 Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases
 4.93
 %
 4.64
 %

 11. BORROWINGS
 Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term and were comprised of the following:

 2023
 2022

 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 $
 $

 FHLB advances
 —
 1,700

 Other borrowings

 Total short-term borrowings
 $
 $
 2,027

 As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of assets pledged as collateral against repurchase agreements totaled $ 840 million. Assets pledged as collateral are reported in available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The repurchase agreements have maturities within 60 days. No amounts have been offset against the agreements.
 125 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington's long-term debt consisted of the following:

 2023
 2022

 The Parent Company:

 Senior Notes:

 2.67 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2024

 $
 $

 4.05 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2025

 4.51 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2028

 6.29 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2029

 1,266
 —

 2.60 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2030

 5.08 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2033

 Subordinated Notes:

 3.55 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated subordinated notes due 2023

 —

 Huntington Capital I Trust Preferred 6.34 % junior subordinated debentures due 2027 (1) (7)

 Huntington Capital II Trust Preferred 6.27 % junior subordinated debentures due 2028 (2) (7)

 Sky Financial Capital Trust III 7.04 % junior subordinated debentures due 2036 (3) (7)

 Sky Financial Capital Trust IV 7.04 % junior subordinated debentures due 2036 (3) (7)

 2.49 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated subordinated notes due 2036

 2.53 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated subordinated notes due 2036

 Total notes issued by the parent
 4,993
 3,980

 The Bank:

 Senior Notes:

 3.60 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2023

 —

 6.66 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 4.11 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 5.81 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 1,060
 1,094

 4.55 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2028

 5.76 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2030

 Subordinated Notes:

 0.96 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2025

 3.86 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2026

 3.03 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2029

 3.75 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2030

 Total notes issued by the bank
 4,142
 4,923

 FHLB Advances:

 4.21 % weighted average rate, varying maturities greater than one year

 2,731

 Other:

 Huntington Technology Finance nonrecourse debt, 5.38 % weighted average interest rate, varying maturities

 6.65 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class G securities

 —

 7.64 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class I securities (4)

 8.24 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class J securities (5)

 8.74 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class L securities (6)

 Total long-term debt
 $
 12,394
 $
 9,686

 (1)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 0.96 %.
 (2)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 0.866 %.
 (3)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 1.66 %.
 (4)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 2.00 %.
 (5)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 2.60 %.
 (6)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2023, based on three-month SOFR + 3.10 %.
 (7)Represents the outstanding amount of debentures issued to each trust and related trust-preferred securities. Refer to Note 21 - " Variable Interest Entities " for trust-preferred securities details.
 2023 Form 10-K 126

 Amounts above are net of unamortized discounts and adjustments related to hedging with derivative financial instruments. We use interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk of certain fixed-rate debt by converting the debt to a variable rate. See Note 20 - " Derivative Financial Instruments " for more information regarding such financial instruments.
 During the 2023 third quarter, Huntington issued $ 1.3 billion of fixed-to-floating senior notes. The fixed-to-floating senior notes are due August 21, 2029 and bear an initial fixed interest rate of 6.208 %. Commencing August 21, 2028, the interest rate will reset to a floating rate equal to a benchmark rate based on the Compounded SOFR Index Rate plus 202 basis points.
 On January 26, 2024, Huntington issued $ 1.3 billion of fixed-to-floating senior notes. The fixed-to-floating senior notes are due February 2, 2035 and bear an initial fixed interest rate of 5.709 %. Commencing February 2, 2034, the interest rate will reset to a floating rate equal to a benchmark rate based on the Compounded SOFR Index Rate plus 187 basis points.
 Long-term debt maturities, based upon the par values of the long-term debt, for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

 2024
 2025
 2026
 2027
 2028
 Thereafter
 Total

 The Parent Company:

 Senior notes
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $
 2,400
 $
 4,352

 Subordinated notes
 —
 —
 —

 The Bank:

 Senior notes
 —
 1,817
 —
 —
 3,517

 Subordinated notes
 —
 —
 —

 FHLB Advances
 —
 1,500
 2,701

 Other

 Total
 $
 $
 2,690
 $
 1,890
 $
 $
 2,188
 $
 4,309
 $
 12,576

 The terms of certain long-term debt obligations contain various restrictive covenants including limitations on the acquisition of additional debt, dividend payments, and the disposition of subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2023, Huntington was in compliance with all such covenants.
 127 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 12. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 The components of Huntington's OCI were as follows:

 Pretax
 Tax (expense) benefit
 After-tax

 Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 $
 ( 36)
 $

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 11)

 Total unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 47)

 Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 37)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 ( 43)

 ( 80)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 —

 Change in accumulated unrealized gains for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 4)
 ( 3)

 Other comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 $
 ( 126)
 $

 Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 ( 2,934)
 $
 $
 ( 2,261)

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 23)

 Total unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 2,834)
 ( 2,184)

 Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 896)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 —
 —
 —

 ( 896)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 ( 5)
 —
 ( 5)

 Change in accumulated unrealized gains for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 4)

 Other comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 ( 3,716)
 $
 $

 Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 ( 361)
 $
 $
 ( 280)

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 8)

 Total unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 327)
 ( 254)

 Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 257)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 —
 —
 —

 ( 257)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 ( 3)
 —
 ( 3)

 Change in accumulated unrealized gains for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 8)

 Other comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 ( 551)
 $
 $

 (1)Foreign investments are deemed to be permanent in nature and, therefore, Huntington does not provide for taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments.
 2023 Form 10-K 128

 Activity in accumulated OCI were as follows:

 Unrealized (losses)
 gains on
 available-for-sale
 securities, net of hedges (1)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 Unrealized
(losses) gains for
pension and other
 post-retirement
obligations
 Total

 December 31, 2020
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 ( 253)
 $

 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 ( 280)
 ( 3)
 —
 ( 475)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 —

 Period change
 ( 254)
 ( 3)

 December 31, 2021
 ( 64)
 ( 3)
 ( 225)
 ( 229)

 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 ( 2,261)
 ( 5)
 —
 ( 2,961)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 —

 Period change
 ( 2,184)
 ( 5)

 ( 2,248)
 ( 632)
 ( 8)
 ( 210)
 ( 3,098)

 Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 —

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 ( 3)

 Period change
 ( 3)

 $
 ( 2,094)
 $
 ( 363)
 $
 ( 6)
 $
 ( 213)
 $
 ( 2,676)

 (1)AOCI amounts at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 include $ 58 million, $ 66 million, and $ 27 million, respectively, of net unrealized losses (after-tax) on securities transferred from the available-for-sale securities portfolio to the held-to-maturity securities portfolio. The net unrealized losses will be recognized in earnings over the remaining life of the security using the effective interest method.

 13. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 Preferred Stock
 The following is a summary of Huntington's non-cumulative, non-voting, perpetual preferred stock outstanding.

 Carrying Amount

 Series
 Issuance Date
 Shares Outstanding
 Dividend Rate
 Earliest Optional Redemption Date (1)

 Series B (2)
 12/28/2011
 35,500
 Variable (3)
 1/15/2017
 $
 $

 Series E (4)
 2/27/2018
 4,087
 Variable (5)
 4/15/2023

 Series F (4)
 5/27/2020
 5,000
 5.625
 %
 7/15/2030

 Series G (4)
 8/3/2020
 5,000
 4.45
 10/15/2027

 Series H (2)
 2/2/2021
 500,000
 4.50
 4/15/2026

 Series I (6)
 6/9/2021
 7,000
 5.70
 12/01/2022

 Series J (2)
 3/6/2023
 325,000
 6.875
 4/15/2028
 —

 Total
 881,587
 $
 2,394
 $
 2,167

 (1)Redeemable at Huntington's option on the date stated or on a quarterly basis thereafter.
 (2)Series B, H, and J preferred stock have a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 1,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.
 (3)Series B dividend rate converted to 3-month CME Term SOFR + 26 bps LIBOR spread adjustment + 270 bps effective July 15, 2023. Prior to July 15, 2023, the dividend rate was 3-month LIBOR + 270 bps.
 (4)Series E, F, and G, preferred stock have a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 100,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.
 (5)Series E dividend rate converted to 3-month CME Term SOFR + 26 bps LIBOR spread adjustment + 288 bps effective July 15, 2023. Prior to July 15, 2023, the dividend rate was 3-month LIBOR + 288 bps.
 (6) Series I preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 25,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.

 129 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table presents the dividends declared for each series of Preferred shares.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 (amounts in millions, except per share data)
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share

 Preferred Series
 Amount ($)
 Amount ($)
 Amount ($)

 Series B
 $
 80.28
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 46.68
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 28.69
 $
 ( 1)

 Series C
 —
 —
 —
 —
 44.07
 ( 4)

 Series D
 —
 —
 —
 —
 31.25
 ( 18)

 Series E
 7,753.75
 ( 37)
 5,700.00
 ( 29)
 5,700.00
 ( 29)

 Series F
 5,625.00
 ( 28)
 5,625.00
 ( 28)
 5,625.00
 ( 28)

 Series G
 4,450.00
 ( 22)
 4,450.00
 ( 22)
 4,450.00
 ( 23)

 Series H
 45.00
 ( 23)
 45.00
 ( 22)
 42.00
 ( 21)

 Series I
 1,425.00
 ( 10)
 1,425.00
 ( 10)
 1,068.75
 ( 7)

 Series J
 59.02
 ( 19)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 ( 142)
 $
 $
 ( 131)

 During the fourth quarter of 2023, $ 90 million of outstanding Series E Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, was repurchased.
 On October 15, 2021, all $ 100 million of outstanding Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, was redeemed.
 On July 15, 2021, all $ 600 million of outstanding Series D Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, was redeemed.

 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
 Basic earnings per share is the amount of earnings (adjusted for preferred stock dividends and the impact of preferred stock repurchases and redemptions) available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include incremental shares issued for stock options, restricted stock units and awards, and distributions from deferred compensation plans. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive.
 2023 Form 10-K 130

 The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share count in thousands)
 2023
 2022
 2021

 Basic earnings per common share:

 Net income attributable to Huntington
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238
 $
 1,295

 Preferred stock dividends

 Impact of preferred stock repurchases and redemptions
 ( 8)
 —

 Net income available to common shareholders
 $
 1,817
 $
 2,125
 $
 1,153

 Average common shares issued and outstanding
 1,446,449
 1,441,279
 1,262,435

 Basic earnings per common share
 $
 1.26
 $
 1.47
 $
 0.91

 Diluted earnings per common share:

 Average dilutive potential common shares:

 Stock options and restricted stock units and awards
 14,456
 17,534
 18,185

 Shares held in deferred compensation plans
 7,111
 6,407
 6,113

 Average dilutive potential common shares
 21,567
 23,941
 24,298

 Total diluted average common shares issued and outstanding
 1,468,016
 1,465,220
 1,286,733

 Diluted earnings per common share
 $
 1.24
 $
 1.45
 $
 0.90

 Anti-dilutive awards (1)
 11,039
 5,303
 2,674

 (1)Reflects the total number of shares related to outstanding options that have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would have been anti-dilutive.

 15. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 Revenue is segregated based on the nature of product and services offered as part of contractual arrangements. Revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is broadly segregated within the following noninterest income categories:
 • Payments and cash management revenue primarily includes interchange fees earned on debit cards and credit cards and fees earned from providing cash management services to corporate deposit customers. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes debit and credit card interchange fees for services performed related to authorization and settlement of a cardholder's transaction with a merchant. Revenue is recognized when a cardholder's transaction is approved and settled. Certain volume or transaction based interchange expenses (net of rebates) paid to the payment network reduce the interchange revenue and are presented net on the income statement. Similarly, rewards payable under a reward program to cardholders are recognized as a reduction of the transaction price and are presented net against the interchange revenue. Revenue from providing cash management services to corporate deposit customers is recognized over the period of time services are rendered.
 • Wealth and asset management revenue primarily includes fee income generated from providing wealth and asset management services to personal, corporate, and institutional customers, including, but not limited to, fees and commissions earned from trust and investment management services, sales of annuity products, and tax reporting services. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes revenue from wealth and asset management services are rendered over a period of time. Huntington may also recognize revenue from referring a customer to outside third-parties to purchase annuities and mutual funds which is recognized in the period earned.
 131 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 • Customer deposit and loan fees primarily includes fees and other charges Huntington receives related to service charges on deposit accounts, loan commitments and standby letters of credits, and other deposit and lending activity. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes fees and other charges for providing various services, including, but not limited to, maintaining accounts, providing overdraft services, transferring funds, and accepting and executing stop-payment orders for customers. Revenue includes both fixed fees (e.g., account maintenance fee), recognized over a period of time, and transaction fees (e.g., wire-transfer fee), recognized when a specific service is performed. Huntington may, from time to time, waive certain fees for customers but generally does not reduce the transaction price to reflect variability for future reversals due to the insignificance of the amounts. Waiver of fees reduces the revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the customer.
 • Capital markets and advisory fees primarily includes advisory fees for merger, acquisition and capital markets activity, interest rate derivative fees, underwriting fees, foreign exchange fees, loan syndication fees, and fees earned from customer-related sales activity. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes revenue associated with capital markets and advisory fees when the related transaction closes.
 • Leasing revenue primarily includes income from operating lease payments and termination of leases. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes leasing revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Inherent variability in the transaction price is not recognized until the uncertainty affecting the variability is resolved.
 • Insurance income primarily includes agency commissions from the sale of insurance premiums to customers. All insurance income is recognized within the scope of ASC 606. Huntington receives commissions from the sales of insurance policies to customers. The initial commission is recognized when the insurance policy is sold to a customer. Huntington is also entitled to renewal commissions and, in some cases, profit sharing which are recognized in subsequent periods.
 • Other - Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes a variety of other miscellaneous revenue streams which are recognized when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
 The following table shows Huntington's total noninterest income segregated between revenue with contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 and revenue within the scope of other GAAP Topics.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Revenue from contracts with customers

 $
 1,400
 $
 1,318
 $
 1,113

 Revenue within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,921
 $
 1,981
 $
 1,889

 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing arrangements exist to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to, or providing service to, customers. Business segment results are determined based upon management's reporting system, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around Huntington's organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions.
 2023 Form 10-K 132

 The following table illustrates the disaggregation by operating segment and major revenue stream and reconciles disaggregated revenue to segment revenue presented in Note 25 - " Segment Reporting ":

 Consumer & Business Banking
 Commercial Banking
 Huntington Consolidated

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 ( 2)

 —

 ( 1)

 Other
 ( 2)

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 1,098
 $
 $
 ( 5)
 $
 1,400

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,257
 $
 $
 $
 1,921

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 ( 3)

 —

 ( 1)

 Other
 ( 2)

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 1,020
 $
 $
 ( 6)
 $
 1,318

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,272
 $
 $
 $
 1,981

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 Other

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,113

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,289
 $
 $
 $
 1,889

 Huntington generally provides services for customers in which it acts as principal. Payment terms and conditions vary amongst services and customers, and thus impact the timing and amount of revenue recognition. Some fees may be paid before any service is rendered and accordingly, such fees are deferred until the obligations pertaining to those fees are satisfied. Most Huntington contracts with customers are cancelable by either party without penalty or they are short-term in nature, with a contract duration of less than one year. Accordingly, most revenue deferred for the reporting period ended December 31, 2023 is expected to be earned within one year. Huntington does not have significant balances of contract assets or contract liabilities and any change in those balances during the reporting period ended December 31, 2023 was determined to be immaterial.
 133 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
 Share-based awards are eligible for issuance under the Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2018 Long Term Incentive Plan. This plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share units and other awards to officers, directors, and other employees. In connection with the TCF acquisition in 2021, equity awards granted under the TCF equity plans were assumed subject to the same terms and conditions applicable to such awards prior to the date of acquisition. At December 31, 2023, 15 million shares were available for future grants.
 Huntington issues shares to fulfill share-based award vesting from available authorized common shares. At December 31, 2023, Huntington believes there are adequate authorized common shares to satisfy anticipated share-based award vesting in 2024.
 The following table presents total share-based compensation expense and related tax benefit.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Share-based compensation expense (1)
 $
 $
 $

 Tax benefit

 (1)Compensation costs are included in personnel costs on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 Stock Options
 Stock options, awarded by Huntington, are granted at the closing market price on the date of the grant and vest ratably over four years or when other conditions are met. Options assumed in the TCF acquisition have been fully vested. Stock options, which represented a portion of the grant values, have no intrinsic value until the stock price increases. All options have a contractual term of ten years from the date of grant.
 Huntington's stock option activity and related information was as follows:

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share and options amounts in thousands)
 Options
 Weighted-
Exercise Price
 Weighted-Average
Remaining
 Contractual Life (Years)

 Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

 Outstanding at January 1, 2023
 13,458
 $
 12.50

 Exercised
 ( 425)
 9.93

 Forfeited/expired
 ( 111)
 12.74

 Outstanding at December 31, 2023
 12,922
 $
 12.58
 5.0
 $

 Expected to vest
 1,909
 $
 12.26
 6.8
 $

 Exercisable at December 31, 2023
 11,001
 $
 12.63
 4.7
 $

 Restricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units
 Restricted stock units and performance share units awarded by Huntington are granted at the closing market price on the date of the grant. Restricted stock units and awards can be settled in shares or cash depending on the award. Restricted stock units, for the most part, provide either accumulated cash dividends during the vesting period or, accrue a dividend equivalent that is paid upon vesting. Both restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are subject to certain service restrictions. Performance share units are payable contingent upon Huntington achieving certain predefined performance objectives over a three-year measurement period. The fair value of these awards and units reflects the closing market price of Huntington's common stock on the grant or assumption date.
 2023 Form 10-K 134

 The following table summarizes the status of Huntington's restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance share units as of December 31, 2023, and activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:

 Restricted Stock Awards
 Restricted Stock Units
 Performance Share Units

 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
 Quantity
 Weighted-
 Grant Date
 Per Share

 Quantity
 Weighted-
 Grant Date
 Per Share

 Quantity
 Weighted-
 Grant Date
 Per Share

 Nonvested at January 1, 2023

 $
 14.37
 24,221
 $
 12.70
 3,469
 $
 12.40

 Granted
 —
 —
 7,981
 13.94
 2,521
 15.30

 Vested
 ( 115)
 14.03
 ( 6,316)
 11.74
 ( 2,682)
 8.64

 Forfeited
 —
 —
 ( 1,217)
 13.08
 ( 88)
 15.02

 Nonvested at December 31, 2023
 $
 14.16
 24,669
 $
 13.15
 3,220
 $
 15.19

 The weighted-average fair value at grant date of nonvested shares granted for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $ 14.14, $ 13.47, and $ 15.78, respectively. The total fair value of awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $ 99 million, $ 105 million, and $ 135 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested shares was $ 289 million with a weighted-average expense recognition period of 2.4 years.

 17. BENEFIT PLANS
 Huntington sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees hired or rehired prior to January 1, 2010. The Plan no longer accrues service benefits to participants and provides benefits based upon length of service and compensation levels. Huntington's funding policy is to contribute an annual amount that is at least equal to the minimum funding requirements but not more than the amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code. There were no required minimum contributions during 2023.
 The following table shows the weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and the net periodic benefit cost:

 2023
 2022

 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations

 Discount rate
 5.15
 %
 5.41
 %

 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost

 Discount rate
 5.41
 2.86

 Expected return on plan assets
 5.00
 4.50

 The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation of the Plan with the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:

 2023
 2022

 Projected benefit obligation at beginning of measurement year
 $
 $

 Changes due to:

 Service cost

 Interest cost

 Benefits paid
 ( 33)
 ( 32)

 ( 16)
 ( 29)

 Actuarial gains
 ( 228)

 Total changes
 ( 5)
 ( 264)

 Projected benefit obligation at end of measurement year
 $
 $

 135 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of Plan assets:

 2023
 2022

 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of measurement year
 $
 $
 1,007

 Changes due to:

 Actual return on plan assets
 ( 197)

 ( 17)
 ( 38)

 Benefits paid
 ( 33)
 ( 32)

 Total changes
 ( 11)
 ( 267)

 Fair value of plan assets at end of measurement year
 $
 $

 As of December 31, 2023, the difference between the accumulated benefit obligation and the fair value of Plan assets was $ 42 million and is recorded in other assets.
 The following table shows the components of net periodic benefit costs recognized:

 Year Ended December 31, (1)

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Service cost
 $
 $
 $

 Interest cost

 Expected return on plan assets
 ( 43)
 ( 41)
 ( 40)

 Amortization of loss

 Benefit costs
 $
 $
 $

 (1) The pension costs are recognized in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 During 2023, all Plan assets were transferred to Northern Trust who held them as trustee at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, The Huntington National Bank, as trustee, held all Plan assets. The Plan assets consisted of investments in a variety of cash equivalent, corporate and government fixed income, and equity investments as follows:

 Fair Value at December 31,

 2023
 2022

 Cash equivalents:

 Mutual funds-money market
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Fixed income:

 Corporate obligations

 U.S. Government obligations

 Municipal obligations
 —
 —

 Collective trust funds

 Equities:

 Limited liability companies

 Collective trust funds

 Limited partnerships

 Fair value of plan assets
 $
 %
 $
 %

 2023 Form 10-K 136

 Investments of the Plan are accounted for at cost on the trade date and are reported at fair value. The valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of pension plan assets vary depending on the type of asset. At December 31, 2023, mutual money market funds are valued at the closing price reported from an actively traded exchange and are classified as Level 1. Fixed income investments are valued using unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for similar assets are classified as Level 2. Common stock is valued using the year-end closing price as determined by a national securities exchange and are classified as Level 1. Collective trust funds and limited liability companies are valued at net asset value per unit as a practical expedient, which is calculated based on the fair values of the underlying investments held by the fund less its liabilities as reported by the issuer of the fund. The investment in the limited partnerships is reported at net asset value per share as determined by the general partners of each limited partnership, based on their proportionate share of the partnership's fair value as recorded in the partnership's audited financial statements.
 The investment objective of the Plan is to maximize the return on Plan assets over a long-time period, while meeting the Plan obligations. At December 31, 2023, Plan assets were invested 2 % in cash equivalents, 14 % in equity investments, and 84 % in fixed income investments, with an average duration of 13.0 years on investments. The estimated life of benefit obligations was 10.4 years. Although it may fluctuate with market conditions, Huntington has targeted a long-term allocation of Plan assets of 1 % in cash equivalents, 10 % in equity investments, and 89 % in bond investments. The allocation of Plan assets between equity investments and fixed income investments will change from time to time.
 At December 31, 2023, the following table shows when benefit payments are expected to be paid:

 Pension Benefits

 2024
 $

 2025

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029 through 2033

 Huntington has a defined contribution plan that is available to eligible employees. Huntington's expense related to the defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $ 61 million, $ 58 million, and $ 70 million, respectively.
 The following table shows the number of shares, market value, and dividends received on shares of Huntington stock held by the defined contribution plan:

 (dollar amounts in millions, share amounts in thousands)
 2023
 2022

 Shares in Huntington common stock
 11,899
 9,451

 Market value of Huntington common stock
 $
 $

 Dividends received on shares of Huntington stock

 137 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 18. INCOME TAXES
 The following is a summary of the provision for income taxes:

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Current tax provision (benefit)

 Federal
 $
 $
 $

 State

 Foreign

 Total current tax provision

 Deferred tax provision (benefit)

 Federal
 ( 291)
 ( 104)

 State
 ( 11)
 —

 Total deferred tax provision (benefit)
 ( 302)
 ( 76)

 $
 $
 $

 The following is a reconciliation for provision for income taxes:

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Provision for income taxes computed at the statutory rate
 $
 $
 $

 Increases (decreases):

 General business credits
 ( 253)
 ( 164)
 ( 126)

 Tax-exempt income
 ( 28)
 ( 21)
 ( 18)

 Capital loss
 —
 ( 60)
 ( 32)

 Affordable housing investment amortization, net of tax benefits

 State income taxes, net

 Other

 $
 $
 $

 2023 Form 10-K 138

 The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

 2023
 2022

 Deferred tax assets:

 Fair value adjustments
 $
 $

 Allowances for credit losses

 Tax credit carryforward

 Net operating and other loss carryforward

 Research and development expenses
 —

 Lease liability

 Purchase accounting and other intangibles

 Pension and other employee benefits

 Accrued expense/prepaid

 Other assets

 Total deferred tax assets
 2,093
 1,982

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Loan origination costs

 Mortgage servicing rights

 Operating assets

 Right-of-use asset

 Securities adjustments

 Other liabilities

 Total deferred tax liabilities
 1,353
 1,416

 Net deferred tax asset (liability) before valuation allowance

 Valuation allowance
 ( 30)
 ( 32)

 Net deferred tax asset
 $
 $

 At December 31, 2023, Huntington's net deferred tax asset related to loss and other carryforwards was $ 341 million. This was comprised of federal net operating loss carryforwards of $ 43 million, which will begin expiring in 2025, state net operating loss carryforwards of $ 42 million, which will begin expiring in 2024, a federal capital loss carryforward of $ 13 million, which will expire in 2025, state capital loss carryforwards of $ 4 million, which will begin expiring in 2024, and general business credits of $ 240 million, which will expire in 2042.
 The Company has established a valuation allowance on its state deferred tax assets as it believes it is more likely than not, portions will not be realized.
 The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state, city, and foreign jurisdictions. Federal income tax audits have been completed for tax years through 2016. The 2017-2022
 tax years remain open under the statute of limitations. Also, with few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state, city, or foreign income tax examinations for tax years before 2019.
 The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits:

 2023
 2022

 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year
 $
 $

 Gross increases for tax positions taken during prior years

 Settlements with taxing authorities
 ( 94)
 —

 Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year
 $
 $

 139 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Due to the complexities of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a liability that is materially different from the current estimate of the tax liabilities. Certain proposed adjustments resulting from the IRS examination of our 2010 through 2011 tax returns were effectively settled in 2023.
 Any interest and penalties on income tax assessments or income tax refunds are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of provision for income taxes. The amounts of accrued tax-related interest and penalties were immaterial at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Further, the amount of net interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits was immaterial for all periods presented. All of the gross unrecognized tax benefits would impact the Company's effective tax rate if recognized.
 At December 31, 2023, retained earnings included approximately $ 182 million of base year reserves of acquired thrift institutions, for which no deferred federal income tax liability has been recognized. Under current law, if these bad debt reserves are used for purposes other than to absorb bad debt losses, they will be subject to federal income tax at the corporate rate enacted at the time. The amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability relating to the cumulative bad debt deduction was approximately $ 38 million at December 31, 2023.

 19. FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
 Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value rarely transfer between Level 1 and Level 2 measurements. There were no such transfers during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
 Huntington has elected to apply the fair value option for mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell which are included in loans held for sale. Mortgage loans held for sale are classified as Level 2 and are estimated using security prices for similar product types.
 Certain mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell for which the FVO was elected have been reclassified to loans held for investment. These loans continue to be measured at fair value. The fair value is determined using fair value of similar mortgage-backed securities adjusted for loan specific variables.
 Available-for-sale and trading account securities
 Securities accounted for at fair value include both the available-for-sale and trading account portfolios. Huntington determines the fair value of securities utilizing quoted market prices obtained for identical or similar assets, third-party pricing services, third-party valuation specialists and other observable inputs such as recent trade observations. AFS and trading securities classified as Level 1 use quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical securities at the measurement date. Level 1 positions in these portfolios consist of U.S. Treasury securities. When quoted market prices are not available, fair values are classified as Level 2 using quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices of identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 2 positions in these portfolios consist of U.S. Government and agency debt securities, agency mortgage backed securities, private-label asset-backed securities, certain municipal securities, and other securities. For Level 2 securities Huntington primarily uses prices obtained from third-party pricing services to determine the fair value of securities. Huntington independently evaluates and corroborates the fair value received from pricing services through various methods and techniques, including references to dealer or other market quotes, by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments, and by comparing the prices realized on the sale of similar securities. If relevant market prices are limited or unavailable, valuations may require significant management judgment or estimation to determine fair value, in which case the fair values are classified as Level 3. The Level 3 positions predominantly consist of direct purchase municipal securities. A significant change in the unobservable inputs for these securities may result in a significant change in the ending fair value measurement of these securities.
 2023 Form 10-K 140

 The direct purchase municipal securities are classified as Level 3 and require estimates to determine fair value which results in greater subjectivity. The fair value is determined by utilizing a discounted cash flow valuation technique employed by a third-party valuation specialist. The third-party specialist uses assumptions related to yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rates and loss severity based on certain factors such as, credit worthiness of the counterparty, prevailing market rates, and analysis of similar securities. Huntington evaluates the fair values provided by the third-party specialist for reasonableness.
 Derivative assets and liabilities
 Derivatives classified as Level 2 primarily consist of interest rate contracts, which are valued using a discounted cash flow method that incorporates current market interest rates. In addition, Level 2 includes foreign exchange and commodity contracts, which are valued using exchange traded swaps, exchange traded options, and futures market data. Level 2 also includes exchange traded options and forward commitments to deliver mortgage-backed securities, which are valued using quoted prices.
 Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock agreements related to mortgage loan commitments, the Visa share swap, and credit default swaps.
 MSRs
 MSRs are accounted for using the fair value method and are classified as Level 3. Refer to Note 7 - " Mortgage Loan Sales and Servicing Rights " for information on valuation methodology.
 Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting Adjustments (1)

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Trading account securities:

 U.S. Treasury securities
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 Total trading account securities

 —
 —

 U.S. Treasury securities
 2,856
 —
 —
 —
 2,856

 —
 3,184
 —
 —
 3,184

 —
 11,382
 —
 —
 11,382

 —
 1,827
 —
 —
 1,827

 —
 —
 —

 —
 3,335
 —
 3,373

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 2,043
 —
 —
 2,043

 Other securities/sovereign debt
 —
 —
 —

 2,856
 19,019
 3,430
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 MSRs
 —
 —
 —

 Other assets:

 —
 1,720
 ( 1,330)

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —
 —

 $
 —
 $
 1,416
 $
 $
 ( 751)
 $

 141 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting Adjustments (1)

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Trading account securities:

 $
 —
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 U.S. Treasury securities
 —
 —
 —

 Residential CMOs
 —
 2,914
 —
 —
 2,914

 —
 12,263
 —
 —
 12,263

 —
 1,953
 —
 —
 1,953

 —
 —
 —

 —
 3,248
 —
 3,290

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 2,214
 —
 —
 2,214

 Other securities/sovereign debt
 —
 —
 —

 19,978
 3,342
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 MSRs
 —
 —
 —

 Other assets:

 —
 2,161
 ( 1,808)

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —
 —

 $
 —
 $
 2,332
 $
 $
 ( 1,345)
 $

 (1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
 2023 Form 10-K 142

 The following tables present a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3. The classification of an item as Level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 measurements may also include observable components of value that can be validated externally. Accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative
 Municipal
 Private-
label
CMO
 Asset-
backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,248
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers into Level 3
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 23)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 2)
 ( 1)
 —
 ( 3)

 —
 ( 2)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Purchases/originations
 —
 —
 —

 Sales
 ( 1)
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 ( 48)
 —
 ( 912)
 —
 —
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,335
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative

 Municipal

 Private-
label
CMO
 Asset-
 backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 $
 3,477
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 3)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 ( 3)
 —
 —
 —

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 5)
 ( 3)
 —
 —

 —
 —
 ( 4)
 —
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 ( 262)
 —
 ( 1)
 —

 Purchases/originations/acquisitions
 —
 1,087
 —

 Repayments
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 4)

 ( 56)
 —
 ( 1,045)
 ( 1)
 ( 26)
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,248
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 8)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 ( 257)
 —
 ( 1)
 —

 143 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative

 Municipal

 Private
 label CMO

 Asset-
 backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 $
 2,951
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 132)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 1)
 ( 2)
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 ( 46)
 —
 —
 —

 Purchases/originations/acquisitions
 1,835
 —

 Sales
 —
 —
 ( 369)
 —
 —
 —

 Repayments
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 4)

 ( 80)
 —
 ( 893)
 ( 55)
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 $
 3,477
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 41)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 ( 47)
 —
 —
 —

 (1) Transfers out of Level 3 represent the settlement value of the derivative instruments (i.e., interest rate lock agreements) that are transferred to loans held for sale, which is classified as Level 2.
 Assets and liabilities under the fair value option
 The following table presents the fair value and aggregate principal balance of certain assets and liabilities under the fair value option:

 Total Loans
 Loans that are 90 or more days past due

 Fair value
carrying
amount
 Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 Difference
 Fair value
carrying
amount
 Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 Difference

 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 ( 10)
 ( 1)

 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 $
 ( 5)
 —

 The following table presents the net (losses) gains from fair value changes:

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Loans held for sale (1)

 $
 $
 ( 26)
 $
 ( 31)

 ( 5)
 ( 1)

 (1)The net gains (losses) from fair value changes are included in Mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 Certain assets and liabilities may be required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, for example, when there is evidence of impairment. The gains (losses) represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at period end.
 2023 Form 10-K 144

 The amounts measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were as follows:
 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 Total Gains/(Losses) Year Ended

 December 31, 2021

 Collateral-dependent loans
 $
 $
 $
 ( 21)
 $
 ( 1)
 $
 ( 4)

 Huntington records nonrecurring adjustments of collateral-dependent loans held for investment. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of the collateral and incorporate measures that include recent sales prices for comparable properties and cost of construction. Periodically, in cases where the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, an impairment charge is recognized in the form of a charge-off.
 Significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value
 The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value:

 Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (1)

 Valuation Technique
 Significant Unobservable Input
 Range
 Weighted

 Range
 Weighted

 Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 MSRs
 Discounted cash flow
 Constant prepayment rate
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Municipal securities and asset-backed securities
 Discounted cash flow
 Discount rate
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Cumulative default
 —
 %
 -
 %
 %
 —
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Loss given default
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 (1)Certain disclosures related to quantitative level 3 fair value measurements do not include those deemed to be immaterial.

 The following provides a general description of the impact of a change in an unobservable input on the fair value measurement and the interrelationship between unobservable inputs, where relevant/significant. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs.
 Components of credit loss estimates including probability of default, constant default, cumulative default, loss given default, cure given deferral, and loss severity, are driven by the ability of the borrowers to pay their loans and the value of the underlying collateral and are impacted by changes in macroeconomic conditions, typically increasing when economic conditions worsen and decreasing when conditions improve. An increase in the estimated prepayment rate typically results in a decrease in estimated credit losses and vice versa. Higher credit loss estimates generally result in lower fair values. Credit spreads generally increase when liquidity risks and market volatility increase and decrease when liquidity conditions and market volatility improve.
 Discount rates and spread over forward interest rate swap rates typically increase when market interest rates increase and/or credit and liquidity risks increase and decrease when market interest rates decline and/or credit and liquidity conditions improve. Higher discount rates and credit spreads generally result in lower fair market values.
 Fair values of financial instruments
 Many of the assets and liabilities subject to the disclosure requirements are not actively traded, requiring fair values to be estimated by management. These estimations necessarily involve the use of judgment about a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, relevancy of market prices of comparable instruments, expected future cash flows, and appropriate discount rates.
 145 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The short-term nature of certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include trading account securities, customers' acceptance liabilities, short-term borrowings, bank acceptances outstanding, FHLB advances, and cash and short-term assets, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, interest-bearing deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank, and federal funds sold. Loan commitments and letters-of-credit generally have short-term, variable-rate features and contain clauses that limit Huntington's exposure to changes in customer credit quality. Accordingly, their carrying values, which are immaterial at the respective balance sheet dates, are reasonable estimates of fair value.
 Certain assets, the most significant being operating lease assets, bank owned life insurance, and premises and equipment, do not meet the definition of a financial instrument and are excluded from this disclosure. Similarly, mortgage servicing rights and relationship intangibles are not considered financial instruments and are not included below. Accordingly, this fair value information is not intended to, and does not, represent Huntington's underlying value.
 The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Huntington's financial instruments:

 Amortized Cost
 Lower of Cost or Market
 Fair Value or
 Fair Value Option

 Total Carrying Amount
 Estimated Fair Value

 Financial Assets

 Cash and short-term assets
 $
 10,323
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 10,323
 $
 10,323

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —

 —

 Net loans and leases (1)
 119,553
 —
 119,727
 116,781

 —
 —

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 Deposits (2)
 —
 —
 151,183

 —
 —

 12,394
 —
 —
 12,394
 12,276

 —
 —

 Financial Assets

 Cash and short-term assets
 $
 6,918
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 6,918
 $
 6,918

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —

 —

 Net loans and leases (1)
 117,217
 —
 117,402
 112,591

 —
 —

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 Deposits (2)
 —
 —
 147,796

 2,027
 —
 —
 2,027
 2,027

 9,686
 —
 —
 9,686
 9,564

 —
 —

 (1)Includes collateral-dependent loans.
 (2)Includes $ 1.4 billion and $ 462 million in time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance coverage limit at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

 2023 Form 10-K 146

 The following table presents the level in the fair value hierarchy for estimated fair values:

 Estimated Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting
 Presented Balance

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Adjustments (1)

 Financial Assets

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 2,856
 19,019
 3,430
 —

 —
 —
 —

 Other securities (2)
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Net loans and leases
 —
 116,661
 —
 116,781

 —
 1,720
 ( 1,330)

 Financial Liabilities

 —
 135,627
 15,556
 —
 151,183

 —
 —
 —

 —
 8,929
 3,347
 —
 12,276

 —
 1,416
 ( 751)

 Financial Assets

 $
 —
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 19,978
 3,342
 —

 —
 —
 —

 Other securities (2)
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Net loans and leases
 —
 112,422
 —
 112,591

 —
 2,161
 ( 1,808)

 Financial Liabilities

 —
 142,081
 5,715
 —
 147,796

 —
 2,027
 —
 —
 2,027

 —
 8,680
 —
 9,564

 —
 2,332
 ( 1,345)

 (1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
 (2)Excludes securities without readily determinable fair values.

 20. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or a liability (in other assets or other liabilities, respectively) and measured at fair value.
 Derivative financial instruments can be designated as accounting hedges under GAAP. Designating a derivative as an accounting hedge allows Huntington to recognize gains and losses on the hedging instruments in the income statement line item where the gains and losses on the hedged item are recognized. Gains and losses on derivatives that are not designated in an effective hedge relationship under GAAP immediately impact earnings within the period they occur.
 147 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table presents the fair values and notional values of all derivative instruments included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts in the table below are presented gross without the impact of any net collateral arrangements.

 Notional Value
 Asset
 Liability
 Notional Value
 Asset
 Liability

 Derivatives designated as Hedging Instruments

 Interest rate contracts
 $
 38,017
 $
 $
 $
 42,461
 $
 1,008
 $
 1,145

 Foreign exchange contracts
 —
 —

 Derivatives not designated as Hedging Instruments

 Interest rate contracts
 41,526
 37,562
 1,008

 Foreign exchange contracts
 5,257
 4,889

 Credit contracts

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Commodities contracts

 Equity contracts
 —

 Total Contracts
 $
 86,843
 $
 1,723
 $
 1,421
 $
 86,512
 $
 2,164
 $
 2,337

 The following table presents the amount of gain or loss recognized in income for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Subtopic 815-10 in the Consolidated Income Statement.

 Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Interest rate contracts:

 Customer
 Capital markets fees
 $
 $
 $

 Mortgage banking
 ( 10)
 ( 109)
 ( 26)

 Interest rate floors
 Interest and fee income on loans and leases
 —
 —
 ( 8)

 Interest rate caps
 Interest expense on long-term debt
 —
 —

 Interest rate swaptions

 Other noninterest income

 ( 24)
 —
 —

 Foreign exchange contracts
 Capital markets fees

 Credit contracts
 Other noninterest income
 ( 2)
 —
 —

 Commodities contracts
 Capital markets fees

 Equity contracts
 Other noninterest expense
 ( 13)
 ( 9)
 ( 8)

 Total
 $
 $
 ( 21)
 $

 Derivatives used in asset and liability management activities
 Huntington engages in balance sheet hedging activity, principally for asset and liability management purposes. Balance sheet hedging activity is generally arranged to receive hedge accounting treatment that can be classified as either fair value or cash flow hedges. Fair value hedges are executed to hedge changes in fair value of outstanding fixed-rate debt and investment securities caused by fluctuations in market interest rates. Cash flow hedges are executed to modify interest rate characteristics of designated commercial loans in order to reduce the impact of changes in future cash flows due to market interest rate changes.
 2023 Form 10-K 148

 The following table presents the gross notional values of derivatives used in Huntington's asset and liability management activities, identified by the underlying interest rate-sensitive instruments:

 Fair Value Hedges
 Cash Flow Hedges
 Economic Hedges
 Total

 Instruments associated with:

 Investment securities
 $
 11,649
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 11,649

 Loans
 —
 16,675
 16,850

 9,693
 —
 —
 9,693

 Total notional value
 $
 21,342
 $
 16,675
 $
 $
 38,192

 Fair Value Hedges
 Cash Flow Hedges
 Economic Hedges
 Total

 Instruments associated with:

 Investment securities
 $
 10,407
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 10,407

 Loans
 —
 24,325
 24,500

 7,729
 —
 —
 7,729

 Total notional value
 $
 18,136
 $
 24,325
 $
 $
 42,636

 These derivative financial instruments were entered into for the purpose of managing the interest rate risk of assets and liabilities. Net amounts receivable or payable on contracts hedging either interest earning assets or interest bearing liabilities were accrued as an adjustment to either interest income or interest expense. Adjustments to interest income were also recorded for the amounts related to the amortization of premiums for collars and floors that were not included in the measurement of hedge effectiveness, as well as the amounts related to terminated hedges reclassified from AOCI. The net amounts resulted in a decrease to net interest income of $ 248 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and an increase to net interest income of $ 76 million, and $ 337 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 Fair Value Hedges
 The changes in fair value of the fair value hedges are recorded through earnings and offset against changes in the fair value of the hedged item.
 Huntington has designated $ 11.0 billion of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate investment securities using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows the Company to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. The fair value portfolio level basis adjustment on our hedged mortgage-backed securities portfolio has not been attributed to the individual available-for-sale securities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Huntington has also designated $ 662 million of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate corporate bonds.
 The following table presents the change in fair value for derivatives designated as fair value hedges as well as the offsetting change in fair value on the hedged item.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Interest rate contracts

 Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging investment securities (1)
 $
 ( 284)
 $
 $

 Change in fair value of hedged investment securities (1)
 ( 862)
 ( 114)

 Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging long-term debt (2)
 ( 300)
 ( 184)

 Change in fair value of hedged long term debt (2)
 ( 141)

 (1)Recognized in Interest income—available-for-sale securities—taxable in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 (2)Recognized in Interest expense - long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 149 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

 Amortized Cost
 Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment To Hedged Items

 2023
 2022
 2023
 2022

 Investment securities (1)
 $
 18,241
 $
 18,029
 $
 ( 698)
 $
 ( 979)

 Long-term debt (2)
 9,909
 7,175
 ( 115)
 ( 256)

 (1)Amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $ 17.6 billion, the cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was $ 619 million, and the notional amounts of the designated hedging instruments were $ 11.0 billion.
 (2)Excluded from the above table are the cumulative amount of fair value hedge adjustments remaining for long-term debt for which hedge accounting has been discontinued in the amounts of $( 69) million at December 31, 2023 and $( 70) million at December 31, 2022.
 Cash Flow Hedges
 At December 31, 2023, Huntington had $ 16.7 billion of interest rate swaps and floors. These are designated as cash flow hedges for variable rate commercial loans. The change in the fair value of a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is initially recognized in OCI and is reclassified into income when the hedged item impacts earnings. The initial premium paid for the interest rate floor contracts represents the time value of the contracts and is not included in the measurement of hedge effectiveness. The initial premium paid is amortized on a straight line basis as a reduction to interest income over the contractual life of these contracts.
 At December 31, 2023, the net losses recognized in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months were $ 236 million.
 Derivatives used in mortgage banking activities
 Mortgage loan origination hedging activity
 Huntington's mortgage origination hedging activity is related to economically hedging Huntington's mortgage pricing commitments to customers and the secondary sale to third parties. The value of a newly originated mortgage is not firm until the interest rate is committed or locked. Forward commitments to sell economically hedge the possible loss on interest rate lock commitments due to interest rate change. The position of these derivatives was a net liability of $ 4 million and $ 3 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Huntington had commitments to sell residential real estate loans of $ 674 million and $ 766 million, respectively. These contracts mature in less than one year.
 MSR hedging activity
 Huntington's MSR economic hedging activity uses securities and derivatives to manage the value of the MSR asset and to mitigate the various types of risk inherent in the MSR asset, including risks related to duration, basis, convexity, volatility, and yield curve. The hedging instruments include forward commitments, TBA securities, Treasury futures contracts, interest rate swaps, and options on interest rate swaps.
 2023 Form 10-K 150

 MSR hedging trading assets and liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Trading gains (losses) are included in mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The notional value of the derivative financial instruments, the corresponding trading assets and liabilities positions, and net trading gains (losses) related to MSR hedging activity is summarized in the following tables:

 2023
 2022

 Notional value
 $
 1,668
 $
 1,120

 Trading assets
 —

 Trading liabilities
 ( 69)
 ( 78)

 Year December 31,

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Trading (losses) gains
 $
 ( 10)
 $
 ( 109)
 $
 ( 26)

 Derivatives used in customer related activities
 Various derivative financial instruments are offered to enable customers to meet their financing and investing objectives and for their risk management purposes. Derivative financial instruments used in trading activities consist of commodity, interest rate, and foreign exchange contracts. Huntington enters into offsetting third-party contracts with approved, reputable counterparties with substantially matching terms and currencies in order to economically hedge significant exposure related to derivatives used in trading activities.
 The interest rate or price risk of customer derivatives is mitigated by entering into similar derivatives having offsetting terms with other counterparties. The credit risk to these customers is evaluated and included in the calculation of fair value. Foreign currency derivatives help the customer hedge risk and reduce exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. Transactions are primarily in liquid currencies with Canadian dollars and Euros comprising a majority of all transactions. Commodity derivatives help the customer hedge risk and reduce exposure to fluctuations in the price of various commodities. Hedging of energy-related products and base metals comprise the majority of these transactions.
 The net fair values of these derivative financial instruments, for which the gross amounts are included in other assets or other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $ 47 million and $ 59 million, respectively. The total notional values of derivative financial instruments used by Huntington on behalf of customers, including offsetting derivatives, were $ 44.5 billion and $ 40.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Huntington's credit risk from customer derivatives was $ 122 million and $ 118 million at the same dates, respectively.
 Credit derivative instruments
 Huntington enters into credit default swaps to hedge credit risk associated with certain loans and leases. These contracts are accounted for as derivatives, and accordingly, these contracts are recorded at fair value. The total notional value of credit contracts at December 31, 2023 totaled $ 381 million and the position of these derivatives was a net liability of $ 2 million at that date.
 Financial assets and liabilities that are offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Huntington records derivatives at fair value as further described in Note 19 - " Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities."
 Derivative balances are presented on a net basis taking into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. Additionally, collateral exchanged with counterparties is also netted against the applicable derivative fair values. Huntington enters into derivative transactions with two primary groups: broker-dealers and banks, and Huntington's customers. Different methods are utilized for managing counterparty credit exposure and credit risk for each of these groups.
 151 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington enters into transactions with broker-dealers and banks for various risk management purposes. These types of transactions generally are high dollar volume. Huntington enters into collateral and master netting agreements with these counterparties, and routinely exchanges cash and high quality securities collateral. Huntington enters into transactions with customers to meet their financing, investing, payment and risk management needs. These types of transactions generally are low dollar volume. Huntington enters into master netting agreements with customer counterparties; however, collateral is generally not exchanged with customer counterparties.
 In addition to the customer derivative credit exposure, aggregate credit risk associated with broker-dealer and bank derivative transactions was net credit risk of $ 238 million and $ 227 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The net credit risk associated with derivatives is calculated after considering master netting agreements and is reduced by collateral that has been pledged by the counterparty.
 At December 31, 2023, Huntington pledged $ 206 million of investment securities and cash collateral to counterparties, while other counterparties pledged $ 745 million of investment securities and cash collateral to Huntington to satisfy collateral netting agreements. In the event of credit downgrades, Huntington would not be required to provide additional collateral.
 The following tables present the gross amounts of these assets and liabilities with any offsets to arrive at the net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets

 Gross amounts
 offset in the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Net amounts of
 assets
 presented in
 the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets

 Gross amounts
 of recognized
 assets

 Financial

 Cash collateral
 received

 Net amount

 $
 1,723
 $
 ( 1,330)
 $
 $
 ( 45)
 $
 ( 4)
 $

 2,164
 ( 1,808)
 ( 7)
 ( 56)

 Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities

 Gross amounts
 offset in the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Net amounts of
 liabilities
 presented in
 the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets

 Gross amounts
 of recognized
 liabilities

 Financial

 Cash collateral
 delivered

 Net amount

 $
 1,421
 $
 ( 751)
 $
 $
 —
 $
 ( 93)
 $

 2,337
 ( 1,345)
 ( 79)
 ( 118)

 21. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
 Unconsolidated VIEs
 The following tables provide a summary of the assets and liabilities included in Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the maximum exposure to losses, associated with its interests related to unconsolidated VIEs for which Huntington holds an interest in, but is not the primary beneficiary of, the VIE.

 Total Assets
 Total Liabilities
 Maximum Exposure to Loss

 Affordable Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
 $
 2,297
 $
 1,279
 $
 2,297

 Trust Preferred Securities
 —

 Other Investments

 Total
 $
 3,205
 $
 1,667
 $
 3,191

 Affordable Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
 $
 2,036
 $
 1,260
 $
 2,036

 Trust Preferred Securities
 —

 Other Investments

 Total
 $
 2,572
 $
 1,649
 $
 2,558

 2023 Form 10-K 152

 Trust-Preferred Securities
 Huntington has certain wholly-owned trusts whose assets, liabilities, equity, income, and expenses are not included within Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements. These trusts have been formed for the sole purpose of issuing trust-preferred securities, from which the proceeds are then invested in Huntington junior subordinated debentures, which are reflected in Huntington's Consolidated Balance Sheet as long-term debt. Refer to Note 11 - " Borrowings " for the outstanding amount of debentures issued to each trust and corresponding trust securities. The trust securities are the obligations of the trusts, and as such, are not consolidated within Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Each issue of the junior subordinated debentures has an interest rate equal to the corresponding trust securities distribution rate. Huntington has the right to defer payment of interest on the debentures at any time, or from time-to-time for a period not exceeding five years provided that no extension period may extend beyond the stated maturity of the related debentures. During any such extension period, distributions to the trust securities will also be deferred and Huntington's ability to pay dividends on its common stock will be restricted. Periodic cash payments and payments upon liquidation or redemption with respect to trust securities are guaranteed by Huntington to the extent of funds held by the trusts. The guarantee ranks subordinate and junior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Company to the same extent as the junior subordinated debt. The guarantee does not place a limitation on the amount of additional indebtedness that may be incurred by Huntington.
 Affordable Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
 Huntington makes certain equity investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the LIHTC pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, to facilitate the sale of additional affordable housing product offerings, and to assist in achieving goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act. The primary activities of the limited partnerships include the identification, development, and operation of multi-family housing that is leased to qualifying residential tenants. Generally, these types of investments are funded through a combination of debt and equity.
 Huntington uses the proportional amortization method to account for a majority of its investments in these entities. These investments are included in other assets. Investments that do not meet the requirements of the proportional amortization method are accounted for using the equity method. Investment losses are included in Other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 The following table presents the balances of Huntington's affordable housing tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments.

 2023
 2022

 Affordable housing tax credit investments
 $
 3,335
 $
 2,891

 Less: amortization
 ( 1,038)
 ( 855)

 Net affordable housing tax credit investments
 $
 2,297
 $
 2,036

 Unfunded commitments
 $
 1,279
 $
 1,260

 The following table presents other information relating to Huntington's affordable housing tax credit investments.

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized
 $
 $
 $

 Proportional amortization expense included in provision for income taxes

 There was no impairment recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and 2021.
 Other Investments
 Other investments determined to be VIE's include investments in Small Business Investment Companies, Historic Tax Credit Investments, certain equity method investments, renewable energy financings, and other miscellaneous investments.
 153 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 22. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 Commitments to Extend Credit
 In the ordinary course of business, Huntington makes various commitments to extend credit that are not reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The contract amounts of these financial agreements were as follows:

 2023
 2022

 Contract amount representing credit risk

 Commitments to extend credit:

 $
 32,344
 $
 32,500

 Consumer
 19,270
 19,064

 2,543
 3,393

 Standby letters of credit and guarantees on industrial revenue bonds

 Commercial letters of credit

 Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates, are variable-rate, and contain clauses that permit Huntington to terminate or otherwise renegotiate the contracts in the event of a significant deterioration in the customer's credit quality. These arrangements normally require the payment of a fee by the customer, the pricing of which is based on prevailing market conditions, credit quality, probability of funding, and other relevant factors. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The interest rate risk arising from these financial instruments is insignificant as a result of their predominantly short-term, variable-rate nature. Certain commitments to extend credit are secured by collateral, including residential and commercial real estate, inventory, receivables, cash and securities, and other business assets.
 Standby letters of credit and guarantees on industrial revenue bonds are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Most of these arrangements mature within two years. Since the conditions under which Huntington is required to fund these commitments may not materialize, the cash requirements are expected to be less than the total outstanding commitments. The carrying amount of deferred revenue associated with these guarantees was $ 9 million and $ 27 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 Commercial letters of credit represent short-term, self-liquidating instruments that facilitate customer trade transactions and generally have maturities of no longer than 90 days. The goods or cargo being traded normally secure these instruments.
 Litigation and Regulatory Matters
 In the ordinary course of business, Huntington is or may be a defendant in or party to pending and threatened legal and regulatory actions and proceedings.
 In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, Huntington generally cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines, or penalties related to each matter may be.
 2023 Form 10-K 154

 Huntington establishes an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Huntington thereafter continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established.
 For certain matters, Huntington is able to estimate a range of possible loss. In cases in which Huntington possesses information to estimate a range of possible loss, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed below. There may be other matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible but such an estimate of the range of possible loss may not be possible. For those matters where an estimate of the range of possible loss is possible, management currently estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible loss is $ 0 to $ 20 million at December 31, 2023 in excess of the accrued liability (if any) related to those matters. This estimated range of possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate. The estimated range of possible loss does not represent Huntington's maximum loss exposure.
 Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of Huntington. Further, management believes that amounts accrued are adequate to address Huntington's contingent liabilities. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in these matters, some of which are beyond Huntington's control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to Huntington's results of operations for any particular reporting period.

 23. OTHER REGULATORY MATTERS
 Huntington and the Bank are subject to certain risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules adopted by the Federal Reserve, for Huntington, and by the OCC, for the Bank. These rules implement the Basel III international regulatory capital standards in the U.S., as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. These quantitative calculations are minimums, and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. Under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington's and the Bank's assets, exposures and certain off-balance sheet items are subject to risk weights used to determine the institutions' risk-weighted assets.
 Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our operations or financial condition. Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could also result in restrictions on Huntington's or the Bank's ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital or to receive regulatory approval of applications.
 In addition to meeting the minimum capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington and the Bank must also maintain the applicable capital buffer requirements, SCB or CCB, to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management.
 155 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 As of December 31, 2023, Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios were above the well-capitalized standards and met the applicable capital buffer requirements. Please refer to the table below for a summary of Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios.

 Minimum
 Minimum Ratio+
 Basel III

 Regulatory
 Capital Buffer (1)
 Well-

 Capital
 Capitalized
 2023
 2022

 Ratios
 2023
 2022
 Minimums
 Ratio
 Ratio

 CET1 risk-based capital
 4.50
 %
 7.70
 %
 7.80
 %
 N/A
 10.25
 %
 $
 14,212
 9.36
 %
 $
 13,290

 Bank
 4.50
 7.00
 7.00
 6.50
 %
 10.60
 14,671
 9.98
 14,133

 Tier 1 risk-based capital
 6.00
 9.20
 9.30
 6.00
 11.98
 16,616
 10.90
 15,467

 Bank
 6.00
 8.50
 8.50
 8.00
 11.47
 15,879
 10.83
 15,334

 Total risk-based capital
 8.00
 11.20
 11.30
 10.00
 14.17
 19,657
 13.09
 18,573

 Bank
 8.00
 10.50
 10.50
 10.00
 13.09
 18,126
 12.47
 17,647

 Tier 1 leverage
 4.00
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 9.32
 16,616
 8.60
 15,467

 Bank
 4.00
 N/A
 N/A
 5.00
 8.51
 15,879
 8.54
 15,334

 (1) The SCB, applicable to Huntington, was 3.2 % and 3.3 % at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The CCB, applicable to the Bank, was 2.5 % at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
 Under current Federal Reserve regulations, the Bank is limited as to the amount and type of loans it may make to the parent company and nonbank subsidiaries. At December 31, 2023, the Bank could lend $ 1.8 billion to a single affiliate, subject to the qualifying collateral requirements defined in the regulations.
 Dividends from the Bank are one of the major sources of funds for the Company. These funds aid the Company in the payment of dividends to shareholders, expenses, and other obligations. Payment of dividends and/or return of capital to the parent company is subject to various legal and regulatory limitations. Also, there are statutory and regulatory limitations on the ability of national banks to pay dividends or make other capital distributions.

 24. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 The parent-only financial statements, which include transactions with subsidiaries, are as follows:

 Balance Sheets

 2023
 2022

 Cash and due from banks
 $
 4,001
 $
 3,525

 Due from The Huntington National Bank
 2,163

 Due from non-bank subsidiaries

 Investment in The Huntington National Bank
 18,388
 17,384

 Investment in non-bank subsidiaries

 Accrued interest receivable and other assets

 $
 25,558
 $
 22,809

 Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 Long-term borrowings
 $
 4,993
 $
 3,980

 Dividends payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities
 1,212
 1,098

 Total liabilities
 6,205
 5,078

 Shareholders' equity (1)

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 25,558
 $
 22,809

 (1)See Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity.
 2023 Form 10-K 156

 Statements of Income

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Income

 Dividends from:

 The Huntington National Bank
 $
 1,706
 $
 1,566
 $
 1,394

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 Interest from:

 The Huntington National Bank

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 Other
 ( 1)
 ( 1)
 —

 Total income
 1,811
 1,601
 1,417

 Expense

 Personnel costs

 Interest on borrowings

 Other

 Total expense

 Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 1,363
 1,317
 1,121

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 75)
 ( 44)
 ( 56)

 Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 1,438
 1,361
 1,177

 Increase in undistributed net income of:

 The Huntington National Bank

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238
 $
 1,295

 Other comprehensive income (loss)(1)

 Comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 2,373
 $
 ( 631)
 $

 (1)See Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for other comprehensive (loss) income detail.

 Statements of Cash Flows

 2023
 2022
 2021

 Operating activities

 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238
 $
 1,295

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 ( 513)
 ( 877)
 ( 118)

 Depreciation and amortization
 —
 ( 22)

 ( 55)
 ( 217)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 1,630
 1,284

 Investing activities

 Repayments from subsidiaries

 Advances to subsidiaries
 ( 1,753)
 ( 503)
 ( 59)

 Net purchases of securities
 —
 ( 20)
 ( 28)

 Net cash (paid) received from business combination
 —
 ( 194)

 ( 10)
 ( 1)
 —

 Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities
 ( 1,260)
 ( 704)

 Financing activities

 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 1,250
 1,144

 Payment of long-term debt
 ( 323)
 —
 ( 1,508)

 Dividends paid on common and preferred stock
 ( 1,034)
 ( 1,010)
 ( 888)

 Repurchases of common stock
 —
 —

 Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
 —

 Repurchase/redemption of preferred stock
 ( 82)
 —
 ( 700)

 ( 22)
 ( 21)
 ( 39)

 Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 ( 2,786)

 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 ( 1,634)

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 3,525
 2,832
 4,466

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 $
 4,001
 $
 3,525
 $
 2,832

 Supplemental disclosure: Interest paid

 $
 $
 $

 157 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 25. SEGMENT REPORTING
 Huntington's business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how management monitors results and assesses performance. Huntington completed an organizational realignment during the 2023 second quarter and now reports on two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The organizational realignment primarily involved consolidating our previously reported Consumer and Business Banking, Vehicle Finance and RBHPCG, into one new business segment called Consumer & Regional Banking. Prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the new segment presentation.
 The following is a description of our business segments and the Treasury / Other function:
 Consumer & Regional Banking - Consumer & Regional Banking offers a comprehensive set of digitally powered consumer and business financial solutions to Consumer Lending, Regional Banking, Branch Banking, and Wealth Management customers. The Consumer & Regional Banking segment provides a wide array of financial products and services to consumer and business customers including, but not limited to, deposits, lending, payments, mortgage banking, dealer financing, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. We serve our customers through our network of channels, including branches and ATMs, online and mobile banking, and through our customer call centers.
 Commercial Banking - The Commercial Banking segment provides expertise through bankers, capabilities, and digital channels, which include a comprehensive set of product offerings. Our target clients span from mid-market to large corporates across a national footprint. The Commercial Banking segment leverages internal partnerships for wealth management, trust, insurance, payments, and treasury management capabilities. In particular, our payment capabilities continue to expand as we develop unique solutions for our diverse client segments, including Huntington ChoicePay. This segment includes customers in Middle Market Banking, Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking, Asset Finance, Commercial Real Estate Banking, and Capital Markets.
 Treasury / Other - The Treasury / Other function includes technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 Business segment results are determined based upon Huntington's management reporting system, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around the organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.
 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing is recorded to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to, or providing service to, customers. Results of operations for the business segments reflect these fee sharing allocations.
 The management process that develops the business segment reporting utilizes various estimates and allocation methodologies to measure the performance of the business segments. Expenses are allocated to business segments using a two-phase approach. The first phase consists of measuring and assigning unit costs (activity-based costs) to activities related to product origination and servicing. These activity-based costs are then extended, based on volumes, with the resulting amount allocated to business segments that own the related products. The second phase consists of the allocation of overhead costs to the business segments from Treasury / Other. Huntington utilizes a full-allocation methodology, where all Treasury / Other expenses, except reported acquisition-related net expenses, if any, and a small amount of other residual unallocated expenses, are allocated to the business segments.
 The management policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to GAAP. As a result, reported segment results are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures result in changes in reported segment financial data.
 2023 Form 10-K 158

 Huntington uses an active and centralized FTP methodology to attribute appropriate net interest income to the business segments. The intent of the FTP methodology is to transfer interest rate risk from the business segments by providing matched duration funding of assets and liabilities. The result is to centralize the financial impact, management, and reporting of interest rate risk in the Treasury / Other function where it can be centrally monitored and managed. The Treasury / Other function charges (credits) an internal cost of funds for assets held in (or pays for funding provided by) each business segment. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we revised our FTP methodology for non-maturity deposits, which has been enhanced to consider the internally modeled weighted average life by non-maturity deposit type. Prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the revised FTP methodology.
 Listed in the table below is certain operating basis financial information reconciled to Huntington's, reported results by business segment.

 Income Statements

 Consumer & Regional Banking
 Commercial Banking
 Huntington

 Net interest income (loss)
 $
 3,717
 $
 2,162
 $
 ( 440)
 $
 5,439

 —

 1,257
 1,921

 3,064
 1,134
 4,574

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 255)

 —
 —

 Net income (loss) attributable to Huntington Bancshares Inc
 $
 1,315
 $
 1,179
 $
 ( 543)
 $
 1,951

 $
 3,213
 $
 1,807
 $
 $
 5,273

 —

 1,272
 1,981

 2,924
 1,056
 4,201

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 51)

 —

 $
 1,027
 $
 1,087
 $
 $
 2,238

 Net interest income (loss)
 $
 3,103
 $
 1,483
 $
 ( 484)
 $
 4,102

 —

 1,289
 1,889

 2,698
 4,375

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 312)

 —
 —

 Net income (loss) attributable to Huntington Bancshares Inc
 $
 1,337
 $
 $
 ( 981)
 $
 1,295

 Assets at
 December 31,

 Deposits at
 December 31,

 2023
 2022
 2023
 2022

 Consumer & Regional Banking
 $
 73,082
 $
 70,268
 $
 110,157
 $
 105,064

 Commercial Banking
 63,377
 63,611
 35,466
 36,807

 52,909
 49,027
 5,607
 6,043

 Total
 $
 189,368
 $
 182,906
 $
 $

 159 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 9: Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 None.

 Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
 Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 Huntington maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Huntington's management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of Huntington's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2023. Based upon such evaluation, Huntington's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, Huntington's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 Information required by this item is set forth in the Report of Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

 Item 9B: Other Information
 Trading Plans
 On November 20, 2023, Julie C. Tutkovics, our Chief Marketing and Communications Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Ms. Tutkovics' plan is for the sale of up to 178,395 shares of our common stock in amounts and prices determined in accordance with formulae set forth in the plan and terminates on the earlier of the date all the shares under the plan are sold and November 4, 2024.

 Item 9C: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
 Not applicable.

 We refer in Part III of this report to relevant sections of our 2024 Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the close of our 2023 fiscal year. Portions of our 2024 Proxy Statement, including the sections we refer to in this report, are incorporated by reference into this report.

 Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Election of Directors, Our Executive Officers, Family Relationships, Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports, Codes of Ethics, Proposals by Shareholders for the 2024 Annual Meeting, Recommendations for Directorship, and Board Committee Information of our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
 2023 Form 10-K 160

 Item 11: Executive Compensation
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Compensation of Executive Officers and Compensation of Directors of our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 The following table sets forth information about Huntington common stock authorized for issuance under Huntington's existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023.

 Plan Category (1)
 Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (2)(3)
 (a)

 Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (4)
(b)
 Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (5)
(c)

 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 34,359,531
 $
 4.53
 14,508,872

 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 34,359,531
 $
 4.53
 14,508,872

 (1)All equity compensation plan authorizations for shares of common stock provide for the number of shares to be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, and other changes in capitalization. The Huntington 401(k) Plan, a broad-based plan qualified under Internal Revenue Code Section 401(a) which includes Huntington common stock as one of a number of investment options available to participants, is excluded from the table.
 (2)The numbers in this column (a) reflect shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and the vesting of outstanding awards of restricted stock awards, restricted share units, and performance share units, and the release of deferred share units.
 (3)As of December 31, 2023, an additional 991,178 common shares, at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.07, are to be issued upon exercise or vesting under the TCF Incentive Plan, which was assumed in the acquisition of TCF, is no longer active, and for which Huntington has not reserved the right to make subsequent grants or awards.
 (4)The weighted-average exercise prices in this column are based on outstanding options and do not take into account unvested awards of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance share units and unreleased deferred share units as these awards do not have an exercise price.
 (5)The number of shares in this column (c) reflects the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under Huntington's 2018 Plan, excluding shares reflected in column (a). The number of shares in this column (c) does not include shares of common stock to be issued under the following compensation plans: the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, which provides senior officers designated by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee the opportunity to defer up to 90% of base salary, annual bonus compensation and certain equity awards, and up to 90% of long-term incentive awards; the Supplemental Plan under which voluntary participant contributions made by payroll deduction are used to purchase shares; the Deferred Compensation for Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Directors under which directors may defer their director compensation and such amounts may be invested in shares of common stock; and the Deferred Compensation Plan for directors (now inactive) under which directors of selected subsidiaries may defer their director compensation and such amounts may be invested in shares of Huntington common stock. These plans do not contain a limit on the number of shares that may be issued under them.
 The information related to item 403 of regulation S-K is set forth under the caption Ownership of Voting Stock of our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Review, Approval, or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons and Independence of Directors of our 2024 Proxy Statement, which are incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 Information required by this item is set forth under the caption Audit Matters of our 2024 Proxy Statement which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 161 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 15: Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
 Our consolidated financial statements required in response to this Item are incorporated by reference from Item 8 of this Report.
 Exhibits
 Our exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-K are filed with this Report or are incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 16: 10-K Summary
 Not applicable.
 2023 Form 10-K 162

 Exhibit Index
 This report incorporates by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC. The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference information in this document. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this document, except for any information that is superseded by information that is included directly in this document.
 The SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about issuers, like us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of the site is  The reports and other information filed by us with the SEC are also available free of charge at our Internet web site. The address of the site is  Except as specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information on those web sites is not part of this report. You also should be able to inspect reports, proxy statements, and other information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq National Market at 33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004.

 Exhibit
 Number

 Document Description
 Report or Registration Statement
 SEC File or
 Registration
 Number

 Exhibit
 Reference

 2.1
 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 13, 2020, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and TCF Financial Corporation

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 17, 2020.

 2.1

 3.1
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of January 18, 2019.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 16, 2019.

 3.1

 3.2
 Articles of Restatement of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of January 18, 2019.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 16, 2019.

 3.2

 3.3
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of February 5, 2021.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 5, 2021

 3.1

 3.4
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of August 5, 2020.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 5, 2020.

 3.1

 3.5
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of May 28, 2020.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 28, 2020.

 3.1

 3.6
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of June 8, 2021

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 2021

 3.1

 3.7
 Articles of Amendment of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated to Articles of Restatement of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of June 8, 2021

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 2021

 3.2

 3.8
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of March 3, 2023

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2023

 3.1

 3.9
 Bylaws of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as amended and restated on July 19, 2023

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 19, 2023

 3.2

 4.1
 Instruments defining the Rights of Security Holders — reference is made to Articles Fifth, Eighth, and Tenth of Articles of Restatement of Charter, as amended and supplemented. Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

 4.2

 Description of Securities

 10.1
 * Form of Executive Agreement for certain executive officers.

 Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 28, 2012.

 10.3

 10.2(P)
 * Deferred Compensation Plan and Trust for Directors
 Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on January 28, 1991.
 33-10546
 4(a)

 10.3
 * The Huntington Supplemental Stock Purchase and Tax Savings Plan and Trust, amended and restated, effective January 1, 2014.

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 10.8

 10.4
 * Form of Employment Agreement between Stephen D. Steinour and Huntington Bancshares Incorporated effective December 1, 2012.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 28, 2012.

 10.1

 10.5
 * Form of Executive Agreement between Stephen D. Steinour and Huntington Bancshares Incorporated effective December 1, 2012.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 28, 2012.

 10.2

 10.6
 * Restricted Stock Unit Deferral Agreement.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 24, 2006.

 000-02525

 99.3

 10.7
 * Director Deferred Stock Award Notice.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 24, 2006.

 000-02525

 99.4

 10.8
 * Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2007 Stock and Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 000-02525

 G

 10.9
 * Second Amendment to the 2007 Stock and Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.10
 * Form of Consolidated 2012 Stock Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Pursuant to Huntington's 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012.

 10.2

 163 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 10.11
 * Form of 2014 Stock Option Grant Agreement for Executive Officers.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.2

 10.12
 * Form of 2014 Performance Stock Unit Grant Agreement for Executive Officers.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.3

 10.13
 * Form of 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Version II.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.4

 10.14
 * Form of 2014 Stock Option Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Version II.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.5

 10.15
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.16
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.17
 *Form of 2015 Stock Option Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

 10.2

 10.18
 *Form of 2015 Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

 10.3

 10.19
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.

 10.1

 10.20
 * Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan and Trust for Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Directors

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 10.33

 10.21
 * First Amendment to the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

 10.1

 10.22
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Amended and Restated 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 10.22

 10.23
 *Form of 2018 Stock Option Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

 10.2

 10.24
 *Form of 2018 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

 10.3

 10.25
 *Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, amended as of January 18, 2022.

 10.25

 10.26
 *Huntington Supplemental 401(k) Plan (f/k/a Huntington Supplemental Stock Purchase and Savings Plan and Trust), as amended and restated effective January 1, 2019.

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 10.40

 10.27
 Transition Agreement dated May 13, 2019, by and between The Huntington National Bank and Howell D. McCullough

 Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 13, 2019.

 10.1

 10.28
 *Second Amendment to Huntington Supplemental 401(k) Plan dated October 22, 2019.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

 10.1

 10.29
 *First Amendment to The Huntington National Bank Supplemental Retirement Income Plan dated October 23, 2019.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

 10.2

 10.30
 *Management Incentive Plan effective for Plan Years Beginning On or After January 1, 2020.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10.1

 10.31
 *Letter Agreement dated December 13, 2020, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Gary Torgow.

 10.31

 10.32
 *Letter Agreement dated February 2, 2021, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Michael Jones.

 10.32

 10.33
 *Letter Agreement dated February 4, 2021, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Thomas C. Shafer.

 10.33

 10.34
 * Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan of 2019 for Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(d)

 10.35
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan of 2019 for Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(e)

 10.36
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan for Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(i)

 10.37
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan for Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(j)

 10.38
 *Amended and Restated TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 001-10253

 10.1

 10.39
 *Stock Incentive Plan of 2019.

 TCF Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.40
 *TCF 401K Supplemental Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2020.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(qq)

 2023 Form 10-K 164

 10.41
 *TCF Employees Omnibus Deferred Compensation Plan, as restated effective April 15, 2019.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(rr)

 10.42
 *Rabbi Trust Agreement for TCF Employees Omnibus Deferred Compensation Plan.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(ss)

 10.43
 *Form of 2022 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2022.

 10.43

 10.44
 *Separation Agreement dated August 7, 2023 by and between The Huntington National Bank and Sandra E. Pierce.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

 10.1

 10.45
 *Amendment to Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, dated April 28, 2023.

 14.1(P)
 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics dated January 14, 2003 and revised on January 31, 2023 and Financial Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, adopted January 18, 2003, and revised on October 17, 2023, are available on our website at

 21.1

 Subsidiaries of the Registrant

 Subsidiary Issuers of Guaranteed Securities

 23.1

 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

 24.1

 Power of Attorney

 31.1

 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification – Chief Executive Officer.

 31.2

 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification – Chief Financial Officer.

 32.1

 Section 1350 Certification – Chief Executive Officer.

 32.2

 Section 1350 Certification – Chief Financial Officer.

 Financial Restatement Recoupment Policy

 * Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 165 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Signatures
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 16th Day of February, 2024.
 HUNTINGTON BANCSHARES INCORPORATED
 (Registrant)

 By:
 /s/ Stephen D. Steinour
 By:
 /s/ Zachary Wasserman

 Stephen D. Steinour
 Zachary Wasserman

 Chairman, President, Chief Executive
 Chief Financial Officer

 Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
 (Principal Financial Officer)

 By:
 /s/ Nancy E. Maloney

 Nancy E. Maloney

 Executive Vice President, Controller

 (Principal Accounting Officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 16th Day of February, 2024.

 Alanna Y. Cotton *

 Alanna Y. Cotton

 Ann B. Crane *

 Ann B. Crane

 Gina D. France *

 Gina D. France

 Rafael Andres Diaz-Granados *

 Rafael Andres Diaz-Granados

 J. Michael Hochschwender *

 J. Michael Hochschwender

 John C. Inglis *

 John C. Inglis

 2023 Form 10-K 166

 Richard H. King *

 Richard H. King

 Katherine M.A. Kline *

 Katherine M.A. Kline

 Richard W. Neu *

 Richard W. Neu

 Kenneth J. Phelan *

 Kenneth J. Phelan

 David L. Porteous *

 David L. Porteous

 Roger J. Sit *

 Roger J. Sit

 Jeffrey L. Tate *

 Jeffrey L. Tate

 Gary Torgow *

 Gary Torgow

 */s/ Marcy C. Hingst

 Marcy C. Hingst

 Attorney-in-fact for each of the persons indicated

 167 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated