UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 FORM 10-K
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
 Commission File Number 1-34073
 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Maryland

 31-0724920

 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 41 South High Street

 Columbus,

 Ohio
 43287

 (Address of principal executive offices)
 (Zip Code)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code ( 614) 480-2265
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of class
 Trading
 Symbol(s)

 Name of exchange on which registered

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 4.500% Series H Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)
 HBANP
 NASDAQ

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of 5.70% Series I Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)
 HBANM
 NASDAQ

 Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 6.875% Series J Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)

 HBANL

 NASDAQ

 Common Stock—Par Value $0.01 per Share
 HBAN
 NASDAQ

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Exchange Act. x Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes x No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes No

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 Large Accelerated Filer
 x
 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act)
 Yes x No
 The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2024, determined by using a per share closing price of $13.18, as quoted by Nasdaq on that date, was $ 18,889,814,095. As of January 31, 2025, there were 1,453,758,267 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 outstanding.
 Documents Incorporated By Reference
 Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Shareholders' Meeting.

 HUNTINGTON BANCSHARES INCORPORATED

 Glossary of Acronyms and Terms

 Part I.

 Item 1.

 Business

 Competition

 Regulatory Matters

 Corporate Responsibility

 Available Information

 Item 1A.

 Risk Factors

 Item 1B.

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 Item 1C.

 Cybersecurity

 Item 2.

 Properties

 Item 3.

 Legal Proceedings

 Item 4.

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Part II.

 Item 5.

 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 Item 6.

 [Reserved]

 Item 7.

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 Introduction

 Executive Overview

 Discussion of Results of Operations

 Risk Management:

 Credit Risk

 Market Risk

 Liquidity Risk

 Operational Risk

 Compliance Risk

 Capital

 Business Segment Discussion

 Additional Disclosures

 Item 7A.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Item 8.

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Consolidated Statements of Income

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies

 Note 2 - Accounting Standards Update

 Note 3 - Investment Securities and Other Securities

 Note 4 - Loans and Leases

 Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses

 Note 6 - Mortgage Loan Sales and Servicing Rights

 Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 Note 8 - Premises and Equipment

 Note 9 - Operating Leases

 Note 10 - Borrowings

 Note 11 - Other Comprehensive Income

 Note 12 - Shareholders' Equity

 Note 13 - Earnings Per Share

 Note 14 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

 Note 15 - Share-Based Compensation

 Note 16 - Benefit Plans

 Note 17 - Income Taxes

 Note 18 - Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

 Note 19 - Derivative Financial Instruments

 Note 20 - Variable Interest Entities

 Note 21 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

 Note 22 - Other Regulatory Matters

 Note 23 - Parent-Only Financial Statements

 Note 24 - Segment Reporting

 Item 9.

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 Item 9A.

 Controls and Procedures

 Item 9B.

 Other Information

 Item 9C.

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

 Part III.

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 Part IV.

 Item 15.

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 16.

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
 The following listing provides a comprehensive reference of common acronyms and terms used throughout the document:

 2024 Banking Addendum

 2024 Banking Addendum to 2023 Merger Guidelines

 ACL
 Allowance for Credit Losses

 AFS
 Available-for-Sale

 AI

 Artificial Intelligence

 ALCO
 Asset-Liability Management Committee

 ALLL
 Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

 AML
 Anti-Money Laundering

 AOCI
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 ASC
 Accounting Standards Codification

 ASU

 Accounting Standards Update

 ATM
 Automated Teller Machine

 AULC
 Allowance for Unfunded Lending Commitments

 Bank Secrecy Act
 Financial Recordkeeping and Reporting of Currency and Foreign Transactions Act of 1970

 Basel III
 Refers to the final rule issued by the Federal Reserve and OCC and published in the Federal Register on October 11, 2013

 BHC
 Bank Holding Company

 BHC Act
 Bank Holding Company Act of 1956

 Board

 Board of Directors

 BOLI

 Bank Owned Life Insurance

 Capstone Partners
 Together, Capstone Corporate Finance LLC, Capstone Capital Markets LLC, CRS Capstone Partners LLC, Capstone Partners LLC, and Amherst Consulting LLC

 C&I
 Commercial and Industrial

 CCAR
 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

 CCB
 Capital Conservation Buffer

 CCPA
 California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020

 CDs
 Certificates of Deposit

 CDS

 Credit Default Swap

 CECL
 Current Expected Credit Losses

 CEO

 Chief Executive Officer

 CET1
 Common Equity Tier 1

 CFPB
 Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection

 CIRCIA

 Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act

 CISA
 Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act

 CISA Agency

 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

 CLN

 Credit Linked Note

 CME

 Chicago Mercantile Exchange

 CMO
 Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

 CODM

 Chief Operating Decision Maker

 CRA
 Community Reinvestment Act

 CRE
 Commercial Real Estate

 DIF
 Deposit Insurance Fund

 Dodd-Frank Act
 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

 DOJ

 Department of Justice

 EAD
 Exposure at Default

 ELT
 Executive Leadership Team

 2024 Form 10-K 5

 EOP

 End of Period

 EPS
 Earnings Per Share

 ERM

 Enterprise Risk Management

 ESG
 Environmental, Social, and Governance

 EVE
 Economic Value of Equity

 FASB
 Financial Accounting Standards Board

 FCRA
 Fair Credit Reporting Act

 FDIA
 Federal Deposit Insurance Act

 FDIC
 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

 Federal Reserve
 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

 FFIEC

 Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

 FHC
 Financial Holding Company

 FHLB
 Federal Home Loan Bank

 FICO
 Fair Isaac Corporation

 FinCEN
 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

 FINRA
 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

 FOMC

 Federal Open Market Committee

 FRB
 Federal Reserve Bank

 FRG
 Financial Recovery Group

 FTE
 Fully-Taxable Equivalent

 FTP
 Funds Transfer Pricing

 FVO
 Fair Value Option

 GAAP
 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America

 GDP
 Gross Domestic Product

 GLBA
 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

 HTM
 Held-to-Maturity

 IRS
 Internal Revenue Service

 LCR
 Liquidity Coverage Ratio

 LFI Rating System
 Large Financial Institution Rating System

 LGD
 Loss Given Default

 LIBOR
 London Interbank Offered Rate

 LIHTC
 Low Income Housing Tax Credit

 LTV
 Loan-to-Value

 MBS
 Mortgage-Backed Securities

 MD&A
 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 MSA
 Metropolitan Statistical Area

 MSR
 Mortgage Servicing Right

 NAICS
 North American Industry Classification System

 NALs
 Nonaccrual Loans

 NCO
 Net Charge-off

 NII
 Net Interest Income

 NIM
 Net Interest Margin

 NM
 Not Meaningful

 NPAs
 Nonperforming Assets

 OCC
 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

 OCI
 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 OCR
 Optimal Customer Relationship

 OFAC
 Office of Foreign Assets Control

 OLEM
 Other Loans Especially Mentioned

 6 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 OREO
 Other Real Estate Owned

 Patriot Act
 Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

 PCAOB
 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

 PD
 Probability of Default

 Plan
 Huntington Bancshares Retirement Plan

 Problem Loans
 Includes nonaccrual loans and leases, accruing loans and leases past due 90 days or more, modified loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and criticized commercial loans

 REIT
 Real Estate Investment Trust

 Riegle-Neal Act
 The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994

 ROC
 Risk Oversight Committee

 RPS

 Retirement Plan Services

 RV

 Recreational Vehicle

 RWA
 Risk-Weighted Assets

 SBA
 Small Business Administration

 SCB
 Stress Capital Buffer

 SEC
 Securities and Exchange Commission

 SOFR
 Secured Overnight Financing Rate

 SPE

 Special Purpose Entity

 TBA

 To Be Announced

 TCF
 TCF Financial Corporation

 TCFD
 Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures

 U.S.

 United States of America

 U.S. Department of the Treasury

 VIE
 Variable Interest Entity

 eXtensible Business Reporting Language

 2024 Form 10-K 7

 When we refer to "Huntington," "we," "our," "us," and "the Company" in this report, we mean Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates that we refer only to the parent company, Huntington Bancshares Incorporated. When we refer to the "Bank" in this report, we mean our only bank subsidiary, The Huntington National Bank, and its subsidiaries.

 Item 1: Business

 General Business Description
 We are a multi-state diversified regional bank holding company organized under Maryland law in 1966 and headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Through the Bank, we are committed to making people's lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve, and we have been servicing the financial needs of our customers since 1866. Through our subsidiaries, we provide full-service commercial and consumer deposit, lending, and other banking services. These include, but are not limited to, payments, mortgage banking, direct and indirect consumer financing, investment banking, capital markets, advisory, equipment financing, distribution finance, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. As of December 31, 2024, our 978 full-service branches and private client group offices are located in Ohio, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. We also maintain a local banking presence in South Carolina and Texas, along with conducting select financial services and other activities in other states.
 Business Segments
 Our business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how we monitor results and assess performance. For each business segment, we expect the combination of our business model, investment in products and capabilities, and exceptional service to provide a competitive advantage that supports revenue and earnings growth. Our business model emphasizes the delivery of a complete set of banking products and services offered by larger banks, but distinguished by local delivery and customer service.
 A key strategic emphasis has been for our business segments to operate in cooperation to provide products and services to our customers and to build stronger and more profitable relationships using our OCR sales and service process, which aligns to our vision to be the leading people-first, customer-centered bank in the country. The objectives of OCR are to:
 • Use a consultative and advisory sales approach to provide solutions that are specific to each customer;
 • Leverage each business segment in terms of its products and expertise to benefit customers; and
 • Develop prospects who may want to have multiple products and services as part of their relationship with us.
 Following is a description of our two business segments, Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking, along with the Treasury / Other function:
 • Consumer & Regional Banking: The Consumer & Regional Banking segment provides a wide array of financial products and services to consumer and business customers including, but not limited to, deposits, lending, payments, mortgage banking, dealer financing, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. We serve our customers through our network of regional banking and national specialty finance channels, including branches and ATMs, online and mobile banking, our customer call centers, and strategic national partnerships.
 We have a "Fair Play" banking philosophy: providing differentiated products and services, built on a strong foundation of customer friendly products and advocacy. Our brand resonates with consumers and businesses, helping us acquire new customers and deepen relationships with current customers. Our Fair Play banking suite of products includes 24-Hour Grace, Asterisk-Free Checking, Money Scout, $50 Safety Zone, Standby Cash, Early Pay, Instant Access, Savings Goal Getter and Huntington Heads Up.
 8 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consumer & Regional Banking offers a comprehensive set of digitally powered consumer and business financial solutions to Consumer Finance, Regional Banking, Branch Banking, and Wealth Management customers.
 Consumer Finance provides direct and indirect consumer loans, as well as dealer finance loans and deposits. Direct consumer loan products, including mortgage and home equity, are originated through branch, online, and third-party channels. Indirect consumer loans are originated through deep relationships with dealerships to finance consumer purchases of automobiles, recreational vehicles, marine craft, and powersports. We also provide dealer finance loans (including floorplan loans), deposits, and other financial products to these dealerships and their owners.
 Regional Banking, along with our business and specialty banking offerings, is a dynamic part of our business. Regional Banking is defined as serving small to mid-sized businesses. Beyond conventional lending solutions, Huntington offers access to capital markets, practice finance, and SBA lending capabilities. In addition, our payments business provides credit and debit cards and treasury management services to our customers. Huntington continues to develop products and services that are designed specifically to meet the needs of business customers and looks for ways to help companies find solutions to their financing needs.
 Branch Banking provides a full range of financial products and services to consumer and business customers through our extensive branch and ATM network. The branch network offers full-service branches that are located in Ohio, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
 Wealth Management has a comprehensive product offering, including private banking, wealth management, and legacy planning through investment and portfolio management, fiduciary administration and trust services, institutional custody services, and full-service retail brokerage investments.
 In addition, we offer our customers a wide variety of financial solutions, ranging from payment instruments, such as consumer and small business credit and debit cards, payables solutions, including ACH processing and account reconciliation, and receivables solutions, including remote deposit capture, billing services, and lockbox services. We offer merchant services to our business and commercial customers. We also offer our customers with money movement services through payment platforms such as Real-Time Payments (RTP) and Zelle.
 • Commercial Banking: The Commercial Banking segment provides expertise through bankers, capabilities, and digital channels, which includes a comprehensive set of product offerings. Our target clients span from mid-market to large corporates across a national footprint. The Commercial Banking segment leverages internal partnerships for wealth management, trust, insurance, payments, and treasury management capabilities. In particular, our payments capabilities continue to expand as we develop unique solutions for our diverse client segments, including Huntington ChoicePay. The Commercial Banking segment includes customers in Middle Market Banking, Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking, Asset Finance, Commercial Real Estate Banking, and Capital Markets.
 Middle Market Banking serves the banking needs of mid-sized clients, leveraging our local presence to serve our clients, and extending our full suite of banking products including lending, liquidity, treasury management and other payment services, and capital markets.
 Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking serves medium to large enterprises. We focus on specific industry verticals such as government and non-profits, healthcare, technology and telecommunications, franchises, financial sponsors, Native American financial services, mortgage financial services, fund finance, and global services. Our expertise in these markets allows us to uniquely serve our clients' sophisticated banking, capital markets, and payments requirements.
 Asset Finance serves our clients' capital expenditure and working capital needs through equipment financing, asset-based lending, distribution finance, structured lending, and municipal financing solutions. Our relationship with large manufacturers is bolstered by a strong commitment to their dealers and financing needs.
 2024 Form 10-K 9

 Commercial Real Estate Banking provides banking solutions to commercial real estate developers and institutional sponsors across the nation. Within this group, Huntington Community Development improves the quality of life for our communities and the residents of low-to-moderate income neighborhoods by developing and delivering innovative products and services to support affordable housing and neighborhood stabilization, including tax credit investments.
 Capital Markets delivers corporate risk management, institutional sales and trading, debt and equity issuance, and additional advisory services.
 • Treasury / Other: The Treasury / Other function includes all other items not included within our two business segments, including technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 The financial results for each of our business segments are included in Note 24 - " Segment Reporting " of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and are discussed in the " Business Segment Discussion " of our MD&A.

 Competition
 We compete with other banks and financial services companies such as savings and loans, credit unions, and finance and trust companies, as well as mortgage banking companies, equipment and automobile financing companies (including captive automobile finance companies), insurance companies, mutual funds, investment advisors, brokerage firms, and non-bank lenders both within and outside of our primary market areas. Financial Technology Companies, or FinTechs, are also providing nontraditional, but increasingly strong, competition for our borrowers, depositors, and other customers.
 We compete for loans primarily on the basis of value and service by building customer relationships through addressing our customers' entire suite of banking needs, demonstrating expertise, and providing convenience. We also consider the competitive pricing levels in each of our markets.
 We compete for deposits similarly on the basis of value and service and by providing convenience through a banking network of branches and ATMs within our markets and our website at www.huntington.com. We employ customer friendly practices, such as a $50 Safety Zone, which prevents customers from being charged an overdraft fee if they overdraw by $50 or less, 24-Hour Grace account feature for both commercial and consumer accounts, which gives customers an additional business day to cover overdrafts to their account without being charged overdraft fees, Early Pay, which allows customers with direct deposit availability to their paycheck up to two days early, Instant Access, which allows up to $500 of a check deposit available to customers immediately, and Asterisk-Free Checking where there is no cost to open and no monthly maintenance fees. In addition, customers can qualify for Standby Cash based primarily on their checking deposit history, not their credit score, which provides a $100 to $500 short-term line of credit free with automatic payments, or a 1% monthly interest charge without automatic payments. Huntington also has created a feature called Money Scout, which is a tool that analyzes a customer's spending habits and moves money that is not being used into that customer's savings account and have introduced tools including The Hub and Huntington Heads Up to provide customers greater visibility and control over their financial future. These measures fall under our approach of "Fair Play Banking."
 10 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The table below shows our competitive ranking and market share based on deposits of FDIC-insured institutions as of June 30, 2024, in the top 10 MSAs in which we compete.

 MSA
 Rank
 (in millions)

 Market Share

 Columbus, OH
 $
 44,814
 %

 Detroit, MI
 17,398

 Cleveland, OH
 15,595

 Chicago, IL
 9,667

 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN
 6,604

 Grand Rapids, MI
 5,756

 Indianapolis, IN
 5,493

 Akron, OH
 5,191

 Cincinnati, OH
 4,735

 Pittsburgh, PA
 4,682

 Source: FDIC.gov, based on June 30, 2024 survey.

 Many of our nonfinancial institution competitors have fewer regulatory constraints, broader geographic service areas, access to a larger pool of capital to deploy, and, in some cases, lower cost structures. In addition, competition for quality customers has intensified as a result of changes in regulation, advances in technology and product delivery systems, and consolidation among financial service providers.
 FinTechs continue to emerge in key areas of banking. In addition, larger established technology platform companies continue to evaluate, and in some cases, create businesses focused on banking products. We closely monitor activity in the marketplace to ensure that our products and services are technologically competitive. Further, we continue to invest in and evolve our innovation program to develop, incubate, and launch new products and services driving ongoing differentiated value for our customers. Our overall strategy involves an active corporate development program that seeks to identify partnership and possible investment opportunities in technology-driven companies that can augment our distribution and product capabilities.

 Regulatory Matters
 Regulatory Environment
 The banking industry is highly regulated. We are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by various federal and state regulators, including the Federal Reserve, OCC, SEC, CFPB, FDIC, FINRA, and various state regulatory agencies. The statutory and regulatory framework that governs us is generally intended to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole.
 Banking statutes, regulations, and policies are continually under review by Congress, state legislatures, and federal and state regulatory agencies. In addition to laws and regulations, state and federal bank regulatory agencies may issue policy statements, interpretive letters, and similar written guidance applicable to Huntington and its subsidiaries. Any change in the statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies applicable to us, including changes in their interpretation or implementation, could have a material effect on our business or organization.
 Huntington and the Bank each qualify as a Category IV banking organization subject to the least restrictive of the requirements applicable to firms with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets. Our business, however, remains subject to extensive regulation and supervision, and the U.S. banking agencies may issue additional rules to tailor the application of certain other regulatory requirements to BHCs and banks, including Huntington and the Bank. The scope of laws and regulations and the intensity of supervision to which we are subject has increased in response to the banking turmoil in early 2023, technological factors, market changes, and climate change concerns, and there is increased scrutiny and possible denials of bank mergers and acquisitions by federal banking regulators.
 We are also subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, both as administered by the SEC, as well as the rules of Nasdaq that apply to companies with securities listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
 2024 Form 10-K 11

 The following discussion describes certain elements of the comprehensive regulatory framework applicable to us. This discussion is not intended to describe all laws and regulations applicable to Huntington, the Bank, and Huntington's other subsidiaries.
 Supervision, Examination and Enforcement
 Huntington is a BHC under the BHC Act that has elected to be an FHC. FHCs may engage in, and be affiliated with, companies engaging in a broader range of activities than those permitted for a BHC, so long as such activities are (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and that do not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of a depository institution or to the financial system generally. These activities include, for example, securities underwriting, securities dealing, making a market in securities, making merchant banking investments in non-financial companies, and engaging in insurance underwriting and agency activities. To become and remain eligible for FHC status, a BHC and its subsidiary depository institutions must meet certain criteria, including capital, management, and CRA requirements. Failure to meet such criteria could result, depending on which requirements were not met, in restrictions on new financial activities or acquisitions, or being required to discontinue existing activities that are not generally permissible for BHCs.
 Huntington is subject to primary supervision, regulation, and examination by the Federal Reserve, which serves as the primary regulator of our consolidated organization. The primary regulators of our non-bank subsidiaries directly regulate the activities of those subsidiaries, with the Federal Reserve exercising a supervisory role. Such non-bank subsidiaries include, for example, broker-dealers and investment advisers both registered with the SEC.
 The Bank is a national banking association chartered under the laws of the U.S. As a national bank, the activities of the Bank are limited to those specifically authorized under the National Bank Act and OCC regulations. The Bank is subject to comprehensive primary supervision, regulation, and examination by the OCC. As a member of the DIF, the Bank is also subject to regulation and examination by the FDIC.
 A principal objective of the U.S. bank regulatory regime is to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole, by ensuring the financial safety and soundness of BHCs and banks, including Huntington and the Bank. Bank regulators regularly examine the operations of BHCs and banks. In addition, BHCs and banks are subject to periodic reporting and filing requirements.
 The Federal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC have broad supervisory and enforcement authority with regard to BHCs and banks, including the power to conduct examinations and investigations, impose nonpublic supervisory agreements, issue cease and desist orders, impose fines and other civil and criminal penalties, terminate deposit insurance, and appoint a conservator or receiver. In addition, Huntington, the Bank, and other Huntington subsidiaries are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by the CFPB, which is the primary administrator of most federal consumer financial statutes and Huntington's primary consumer financial regulator. Supervision and examinations are confidential, and the outcomes of these actions may not be made public.
 Bank regulators have various remedies available if they determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of a banking organization's operations are unsatisfactory. The regulators may also take action if they determine that the banking organization or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation. The regulators have the power to, among other things, (1) prohibit unsafe or unsound practices, (2) require affirmative actions to correct any violation or practice, (3) issue administrative orders that can be judicially enforced, (4) direct increases in capital, (5) direct the sale of subsidiaries or other assets, (6) limit dividends and distributions, (7) restrict growth, (8) assess civil monetary penalties, (9) remove officers and directors, and (10) terminate deposit insurance.
 Engaging in unsafe or unsound practices or failing to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and supervisory agreements could subject the Company, its subsidiaries, and their respective officers, directors, and institution-affiliated parties to the remedies described above, and other sanctions. In addition, the FDIC may terminate a bank's deposit insurance upon a finding that the bank's financial condition is unsafe or unsound or that the bank has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or has violated an applicable rule, regulation, order, or condition enacted or imposed by the bank's regulatory agency.
 12 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington is subject to the Federal Reserve's LFI Rating System, which places a greater emphasis on capital and liquidity, including related planning and risk management practices, as compared to the supervisory rating system applicable to smaller BHCs. These ratings are confidential.
 Pause on Major Federal Reserve Rulemakings
 In January 2025, the Federal Reserve stated that Vice Chair for Supervision Michael Barr would step down from the position, effective, February 28, 2025. The Federal Reserve stated that it will not issue any major rulemakings from the time of the announcement until a new vice chair for supervision is confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
 Bank Acquisitions by Huntington
 BHCs, such as Huntington, must obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve in connection with any acquisition that results in the BHC owning or controlling 5% or more of any class of voting securities of a bank or another BHC.
 Late in the term of the Biden administration, the standards by which bank and financial institution acquisitions would be evaluated have been undergoing review and change by the OCC and the DOJ, but not by the Federal Reserve. These reviews and changes were incorporated into non-binding guidance. Whether and how the guidance might be further changed or interpreted by the Trump administration is uncertain.
 In September 2024, the OCC adopted a final rule and policy statement regarding its review of Bank Merger Act applications for OCC-supervised institutions, including the Bank. The final rule removes the ability for Bank Merger Act applicants to file a streamlined application form for certain types of acquisitions and removes the expedited review process for Bank Merger Act applications. The policy statement provides 19 indicators of whether a Bank Merger Act application is more or less likely to be approved by the OCC. The policy statement also provides heightened expectations around the existing statutory factors the OCC is required to consider in evaluating Bank Merger Act applications.
 In September 2024, the DOJ withdrew its 1995 Bank Merger Guidelines and issued the 2024 Banking Addendum. The DOJ clarified that it will assess competition considerations in connection with bank and bank holding company mergers using its 2023 Merger Guidelines, which is the general merger review framework the DOJ now uses to evaluate transactions in all segments of the economy, and the 2024 Banking Addendum. The 2024 Banking Addendum provides guidance on how the DOJ will assess competition in the context of bank and bank holding company mergers. An analysis under the 2023 Merger Guidelines and 2024 Banking Addendum may include consideration of theories of harm and relevant markets not considered under the 1995 Bank Merger Guidelines, which focused primarily on concentrations of deposits and branches.
 Acquisitions of Ownership of the Company
 Acquisitions of Huntington's voting stock above certain thresholds are subject to prior regulatory notice or approval under federal banking laws, including the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Under the Change in Bank Control Act, a person or entity generally must provide prior notice to the Federal Reserve before acquiring the power to vote 10% or more of our outstanding common stock. Investors should be aware of these requirements when acquiring shares in our stock.
 Interstate Banking
 Under the Riegle-Neal Act, a BHC may acquire banks in states other than its home state, subject to any state requirement that the bank has been organized and operating for a minimum period of time, not to exceed five years, and the requirement that the BHC not control, prior to or following the proposed acquisition, more than 10% of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions nationwide or, unless the acquisition is the BHC's initial entry into the state, more than 30% of such deposits in the state (or such lesser or greater amount set by the state). The Riegle-Neal Act also authorizes banks to merge across state lines, thereby creating interstate branches. A national bank, such as the Bank, with the approval of the OCC may open a branch in any state if the law of that state would permit a state bank chartered in that state to establish the branch.
 2024 Form 10-K 13

 Enhanced Prudential Standards
 BHCs with consolidated assets of more than $100 billion, such as Huntington, are currently subject to certain enhanced prudential standards. As a result, Huntington is subject to more stringent standards, including liquidity and capital requirements, leverage limits, stress testing, resolution planning, and risk management standards, than those applicable to institutions with less than $100 billion in total consolidated assets. Certain larger banking organizations are subject to additional enhanced prudential standards. As a Category IV banking organization, Huntington is subject to the least restrictive enhanced prudential standards applicable to firms with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets.
 Liquidity Requirements
 Huntington, as a Category IV banking organization with less than $50 billion in weighted short-term wholesale funding, is exempt from the LCR and net stable funding ratio requirements but continues to be subject to internal liquidity stress tests and standards.
 Long-term Debt Requirements
 In August 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule that would require certain large banking organizations such as Huntington to comply with long-term debt requirements and "clean holding company requirements" similar to those that currently only apply to U.S. global systemically important banking organizations. This proposal would also impose a long-term debt requirement on certain categories of insured depository institutions that are not consolidated subsidiaries of U.S. global systematically important banking organizations, including insured depository institutions with $100 billion or more in total assets, such as the Bank. If adopted, this proposal, would require Huntington and the Bank to each maintain a minimum outstanding eligible long-term debt amount of no less than the greater of (i) 6% of total risk-weighted assets, (ii) 2.5% of total leverage exposure (if subject to the supplementary leverage ratio), or (iii) 3.5% of average total consolidated assets. To comply with the requirement, the Bank would be required to issue the minimum amount of eligible long-term debt to Huntington, and Huntington would be required to issue the minimum amount of eligible long-term debt externally. The proposal allows banking organizations to include, as part of the required minimum outstanding eligible long-term debt amounts, certain existing long-term debt. Once the rule is finalized, covered institutions would have three years to comply with the new requirements following a phased-in approach, with 25% of the long-term debt requirement by one year after finalization of the rule, 50% after two years, and 100% after three years.
 In addition, if adopted as proposed, the "clean holding company requirements" would limit or prohibit Huntington from entering into certain transactions that could impede its orderly resolution, including, for example, prohibiting Huntington from entering into transactions that could spread losses to subsidiaries and third parties, as well as limiting the amount of the Company's liabilities that are not eligible long-term debt. The timing and form of any final rule implementing the long-term debt requirements and clean holding company requirements remains uncertain.
 Regulatory Capital Requirements
 Huntington and the Bank are subject to certain risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules adopted by the Federal Reserve, for Huntington, and by the OCC, for the Bank. These rules implement the Basel III international regulatory capital standards in the U.S., as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. These quantitative calculations are minimums, and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner.
 Under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington's and the Bank's assets, exposures, and certain off-balance sheet items are subject to risk weights used to determine the institutions' risk-weighted assets. These risk-weighted assets are used to calculate the following minimum capital ratios for Huntington and the Bank:
 • CET1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets. CET1 capital primarily includes common shareholders' equity subject to certain regulatory adjustments and deductions, including goodwill, intangible assets, certain deferred tax assets, and AOCI.
 • Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. Tier 1 capital is primarily comprised of CET1 capital, perpetual preferred stock, and certain qualifying capital instruments.
 14 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 • Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, equal to the ratio of total capital, including CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and Tier 2 capital, to risk-weighted assets. Tier 2 capital primarily includes qualifying subordinated debt and qualifying ALLL. Tier 2 capital also includes, among other things, certain trust preferred securities.
 • Tier 1 Leverage Ratio, equal to the ratio of Tier 1 capital to quarterly average assets (net of goodwill, certain other intangible assets, and certain other deductions).
 Huntington and the Bank elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital pursuant to a rule that allowed BHCs and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2024, we have phased in 75% of the cumulative CECL deferral with the full cumulative CECL deferral fully phased in beginning January 1, 2025.
 The total minimum regulatory capital ratios and well-capitalized minimum ratios are reflected in the table below in this section. The Federal Reserve has not yet revised the well-capitalized standard for BHCs to reflect the higher capital requirements imposed under the U.S. Basel III capital rules. For purposes of the Federal Reserve's Regulation Y, including determining whether a BHC meets the requirements to be an FHC, BHCs, such as Huntington, must maintain a Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio of 6.0% or greater and a Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio of 10.0% or greater. If the Federal Reserve were to apply the same or a very similar well-capitalized standard to BHCs as that applicable to the Bank, Huntington's capital ratios as of December 31, 2024, would exceed such revised well-capitalized standard. The Federal Reserve may require BHCs, including Huntington, to maintain capital ratios substantially in excess of mandated minimum levels, depending upon general economic conditions and a BHC's particular condition, risk profile, and growth plans.
 Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our operations or financial condition. Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could also result in restrictions on Huntington's or the Bank's ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital or to receive regulatory approval of applications.
 In addition to meeting the minimum capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington and the Bank must maintain the applicable capital buffer (SCB and CCB, respectively) requirements to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management. Huntington is subject to a SCB of 2.5% effective October 1, 2024. Refer to the SCB Requirements section below for further details. The Bank is subject to a CCB of 2.5%. The Tier 1 Leverage Ratio is not impacted by the SCB or CCB, and a banking institution may be considered well-capitalized while remaining out of compliance with the SCB or CCB.
 The following table presents the minimum regulatory capital ratios, minimum ratio plus the capital buffer, and well-capitalized minimums compared with Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2024, calculated using the regulatory capital methodology applicable as of the end of 2024.

 Minimum Regulatory Capital Ratio
 Minimum Ratio + Capital Buffer (1)
 Well-Capitalized
 Minimums (2)

 Actual

 Ratios:

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 4.5
 %
 7.0
 %
 N/A
 10.5
 %

 Bank
 4.5
 7.0
 6.5
 %
 11.6

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 6.0
 8.5
 6.0
 11.9

 Bank
 6.0
 8.5
 8.0
 12.4

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 8.0
 10.5
 10.0
 14.3

 Bank
 8.0
 10.5
 10.0
 14.1

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 4.0
 N/A
 N/A
 8.6

 Bank
 4.0
 N/A
 5.0
 8.9

 (1) Reflects a SCB of 2.5% for both Huntington and the Bank.
 (2) Reflects the well-capitalized standard applicable to Huntington under Federal Reserve Regulation Y and the well-capitalized standard applicable to the Bank.
 Huntington has the ability to provide additional capital to the Bank to maintain the Bank's risk-based capital ratios at levels which would be considered well-capitalized.
 2024 Form 10-K 15

 As of December 31, 2024, Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios were above the well-capitalized standards and met the applicable capital buffer requirements.
 Basel III Endgame Proposal
 In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to implement the Basel III endgame agreement for large banks (2023 Basel III Endgame Proposal). The proposal is aimed at significantly increasing capital requirements for large banks, particularly in the US, by mandating them to hold more capital against potential risks like credit, market, and operational risks.
 It is uncertain if and when a final rule will be adopted, and if so, whether and to what extent it will differ from the 2023 Basel III Endgame Proposal. As a result, the timing and content of any final rule, and the potential effects of any final rule on Huntington and the Bank, remain uncertain.
 Capital Planning and Stress Testing
 Huntington is required to develop, maintain, and submit to the Federal Reserve a capital plan every year, which is subject to supervisory review in connection with the Federal Reserve's CCAR process. Huntington is required to include within its capital plan an assessment of the expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, a detailed description of the process for assessing capital adequacy, its capital policy, and a discussion of any expected changes to its business plan that are likely to have a material impact on its capital adequacy. Under the stress buffer requirements, the CCAR process is used to determine a BHC's SCB requirement. Please refer to the SCB Requirements section below for further details.
 The Federal Reserve expects BHCs subject to CCAR, such as Huntington, to have sufficient capital to withstand a highly adverse operating environment and to be able to continue operations, maintain ready access to funding, meet obligations to creditors and counterparties, and serve as credit intermediaries. In addition, the Federal Reserve evaluates the planned capital actions of these BHCs, including planned capital distributions such as dividend payments or stock repurchases. This involves a quantitative assessment of capital based on supervisory-run stress tests that assess the ability to maintain capital levels above certain minimum ratios, after taking into consideration all capital actions included in a BHC's capital plan, under baseline and stressful conditions throughout the nine-quarter planning horizon. As part of CCAR, the Federal Reserve evaluates whether BHCs have sufficient capital to continue operations throughout times of economic and financial market stress and whether they have robust, forward-looking capital planning processes that account for their unique risks. We are generally prohibited from making a capital distribution unless, after giving effect to the distribution, we will meet all minimum regulatory capital ratios. Huntington may increase certain types of capital distributions in excess of the amount included in its capital plan without seeking prior approval from the Federal Reserve as long as it otherwise complies with the automatic restrictions on distributions under the Federal Reserve's capital rules.
 Although the Federal Reserve is no longer allowed to object to the capital plan of a large and non-complex BHC, such as Huntington, on a qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, basis, the Federal Reserve may evaluate the strength of Huntington's qualitative capital planning process through the regular supervisory process and targeted horizontal reviews of particular aspects of capital planning.
 SCB Requirements
 For risk-based capital requirements, Huntington, as a large BHC, is provided an SCB by the Federal Reserve that is determined annually based on the greater of (i) the difference between its starting and minimum projected CET1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus the sum of the dollar amount of Huntington's planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of the planning horizon as a percentage of risk-weighted assets, or (ii) 2.5%. On April 5, 2024, Huntington submitted its 2024 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve for supervisory review. By notice dated June 26, 2024, the Federal Reserve informed Huntington that, effective October 1, 2024, its indicative SCB requirement associated with its 2024 Capital Plan is the prescribed minimum SCB of 2.5%, a decrease from its previous SCB of 3.2%.
 Huntington is authorized to make capital distributions that are consistent with the requirements in the Federal Reserve's capital rule, inclusive of the SCB requirement. Provided that Huntington is otherwise in compliance with automatic restrictions on distributions under the Federal Reserve's capital rules, Huntington is not required to seek prior approval to make capital distributions in excess of those included in its capital plan.
 16 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Restrictions on Dividends
 Huntington is a legal entity separate and distinct from its banking and non-banking subsidiaries. Since our consolidated net income consists largely of net income of Huntington's subsidiaries, our ability to make capital distributions, including paying dividends and repurchasing shares, depends upon our receipt of dividends from these subsidiaries. Under federal law, there are various limitations on the extent to which the Bank can declare and pay dividends to Huntington, including those related to regulatory capital requirements, general regulatory oversight to prevent unsafe or unsound practices, and federal banking law requirements concerning the payment of dividends out of net profits, surplus, and available earnings. Certain contractual restrictions also may limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to Huntington. No assurances can be given that the Bank will, in any circumstances, pay dividends to Huntington.
 Huntington's ability to declare and pay dividends to our shareholders is similarly limited by federal banking law and Federal Reserve regulations and policy. As discussed in the Capital Planning section above, in general, a BHC may pay dividends and repurchase stock only in accordance with a capital plan that has been reviewed by the Federal Reserve and as to which the Federal Reserve has not objected.
 Huntington and the Bank must maintain the applicable capital buffer requirements to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions, including dividends. For more information on the capital buffer requirements, see the SCB Requirements and the Regulatory Capital Requirements sections above.
 The Federal Reserve has indicated generally that it may be an unsafe or unsound practice for a BHC to pay dividends unless a its net income is sufficient to fund the dividends and the expected rate of earnings retention is consistent with its capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve could prohibit or limit the payment of dividends by a BHC if it determines that payment of the dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
 Volcker Rule
 Under the Volcker Rule, we are prohibited from (1) engaging in short-term proprietary trading for our own account and (2) having certain ownership interests in and relationships with hedge funds or private equity funds (covered funds). The Volcker Rule regulations contain exemptions for market-making, hedging, underwriting, trading in U.S. government and agency obligations, and also permit certain ownership interests in certain types of covered funds to be retained. They also permit the offering and sponsoring of covered funds under certain conditions. The Volcker Rule regulations impose significant compliance and reporting obligations on banking entities, such as Huntington. We have put in place the compliance programs required by the Volcker Rule and any holdings in illiquid covered funds are in compliance with the Volcker Rule.
 Resolution Planning
 As a Category IV banking organization, Huntington is not required to submit a resolution plan to the Federal Reserve. As an insured depository institution, the Bank is required to file a resolution plan with the FDIC, and the Bank submitted its most recent resolution plan to the FDIC on November 30, 2022. In June 2024, the FDIC adopted a final rule to modify the required frequency and informational content of resolution plan submissions applicable to insured depository institutions with $50 billion or more in total assets, including the Bank, which describe the insured depository institution's strategy for a rapid and orderly resolution in the event of material financial distress or failure. As a result of the final rule, the Bank will be required to submit to the FDIC full resolution plans every three years and interim targeted information between full resolution plan submissions. In addition, the final rule introduces a new credibility standard that will be used to evaluate full resolution plan submissions. If the FDIC finds an insured depository institution's resolution plan to be not credible, it could subject the insured depository institution to an enforcement action. The final rule became effective October 1, 2024 and the deadline for the Bank's first resolution plan submission under the final rule is July 1, 2025.
 2024 Form 10-K 17

 Source of Strength
 Huntington is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank and, under appropriate conditions, to commit resources to support the Bank. This support may be required by the Federal Reserve at times when we might otherwise determine not to provide it or when doing so is not otherwise in the interests of Huntington or our shareholders or creditors. The Federal Reserve may require a BHC to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the BHC with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices if the BHC fails to commit resources to such a subsidiary bank or if it undertakes actions that the Federal Reserve believes might jeopardize the BHC's ability to commit resources to such subsidiary bank.
 Under these requirements, Huntington may in the future be required to provide financial assistance to the Bank should it experience financial distress. Capital loans by Huntington to the Bank would be subordinate in right of payment to deposits and certain other debts of the Bank. In the event of Huntington's bankruptcy, any commitment by Huntington to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of the Bank would be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
 FDIC as Receiver or Conservator of Huntington
 Upon the insolvency of an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, the FDIC may be appointed as the conservator or receiver of the institution. Under the Orderly Liquidation Authority, upon the insolvency of a BHC, such as Huntington, the FDIC may be appointed as conservator or receiver of the BHC, if certain findings are made by the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the President. Acting as a conservator or receiver, the FDIC would have broad powers to transfer any assets or liabilities of the institution without the approval of the institution's creditors.
 Depositor Preference
 The FDIA provides that, in the event of the liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, including the Bank, the claims of depositors of the institution (including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver would have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If the Bank were to fail, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, would have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including Huntington, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.
 Transactions between a Bank and its Affiliates
 Federal banking laws and regulations impose qualitative standards and quantitative limitations upon certain transactions between a bank and its affiliates, including between a bank and its holding company and companies that the BHC may be deemed to control for these purposes. Transactions covered by these provisions must be on arm's-length terms and cannot exceed certain amounts which are determined with reference to the Bank's regulatory capital. Moreover, if the transaction is a loan or other extension of credit, it must be secured by collateral in an amount and quality expressly prescribed by statute, and if the affiliate is unable to pledge sufficient collateral, the BHC may be required to provide it. The Dodd-Frank Act expanded the coverage and scope of these regulations, including by applying them to the credit exposure arising under derivative transactions, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions. Federal banking laws also place similar restrictions on loans and other extensions of credit by FDIC-insured banks, such as the Bank, and their subsidiaries to their directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders.
 Lending Standards and Guidance
 The federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted uniform regulations prescribing standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real estate or made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. Under these regulations, all insured depository institutions, such as the Bank, must adopt and maintain written policies establishing appropriate limits and standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real estate or are made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. These policies must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards (including loan-to-value limits) that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and documentation, approval, and reporting requirements. The real estate lending policies must reflect consideration of the federal bank regulatory agencies' Interagency Guidelines for Real Estate Lending Policies.
 18 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Heightened Governance and Risk Management Standards
 The OCC has published guidelines to set expectations for the governance and risk management practices of certain large financial institutions, including the Bank. The guidelines require covered institutions to establish and adhere to a written governance framework in order to manage and control their risk-taking activities. In addition, the guidelines provide standards for the institutions' boards of directors to oversee the risk governance framework. As discussed in the " Risk Management and Capital " section of the MD&A, the Bank currently has a written governance framework and associated controls.
 Anti-Money Laundering
 The Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the Patriot Act and Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency provisions intended to detect and prevent the use of the U.S. financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing activities. The Bank Secrecy Act requires financial institutions such as depository institutions to undertake activities, including maintaining an AML program, verifying the identity of customers, verifying the identity of certain beneficial owners for legal entity customers, monitoring for and reporting suspicious transactions, reporting on cash transactions exceeding specified thresholds, and responding to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. The Bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and, therefore, is required to implement compliance policies, procedures, and internal controls, provide its employees with AML training, designate an AML compliance officer, and undergo a periodic independent auditing and testing to assess the effectiveness of its AML program, among other requirements. The Bank has implemented an AML compliance program, including policies, procedures, and internal controls that are designed to comply with these AML requirements. Bank regulators continue to focus their examinations on AML compliance, and we will continue to monitor and augment, where necessary, our AML compliance programs, including the Bank's. The federal banking agencies are required, when reviewing bank and BHC acquisition or merger applications, to take into account the effectiveness of the AML activities of the applicant.
 The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, does not directly impose new requirements on banks, but requires the U.S. Treasury to issue National Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism Priorities, and conduct studies and issue regulations that may, over the next few years, significantly alter some of the due diligence, recordkeeping and reporting requirements that the Bank Secrecy Act imposes on banks. The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 also contains provisions that promote increased information-sharing and use of technology and increases penalties for violations of the Bank Secrecy Act and includes whistleblower incentives, both of which could increase the prospect of regulatory enforcement.
 OFAC Regulation
 OFAC is the primary U.S. regulatory authority responsible for administering economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals, and others, as defined by various Executive Orders and in various legislation. OFAC-administered sanctions take many different forms. For example, sanctions may include: (1) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on U.S. persons engaging in financial transactions relating to making investments in, or providing investment-related advice or assistance to, a sanctioned country; and (2) a blocking of assets in which the government or "specially designated nationals" of the sanctioned country have an interest by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction, including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons. OFAC also publishes lists of blocked or designated persons, organizations, and entities, including the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List. Blocked assets, for example property and bank deposits, cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off, or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences. Other jurisdictions and multilateral bodies also administer and impose sanctions.
 2024 Form 10-K 19

 Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
 Federal and state legislation and regulations contain extensive cybersecurity and data privacy provisions. Our regulatory agencies including the CFPB, FDIC, Federal Reserve, and OCC also have oversight over us, the Bank, and our subsidiaries with respect to cybersecurity and data privacy. Huntington and its subsidiaries are subject to the rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the CFPB and Federal Trade Commission, which regulates unfair or deceptive acts or practices, including with respect to cybersecurity and data privacy. Further, the GLBA, and its regulations such as Regulation P, require financial institutions to disclose their data privacy policies and practices relating to sharing personal information and enables retail customers to opt out of our ability to share their personal information with unaffiliated third parties under certain circumstances. The GLBA and its regulations require financial institutions to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information. An amendment to Regulation S-P, an implementing regulation under the GLBA, was adopted by the SEC on May 16, 2024 and requires registered investment advisers and broker-dealers to, among other things, adopt and implement an incident response program as part of their formal cybersecurity policies and procedures and report data breaches to affected individuals whose sensitive customer information was, or is reasonably likely to have been, accessed or used without authorization within 30 days of becoming aware of such data breach. Federal law also makes it a criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by fraudulent or deceptive means. Moreover, the U.S. Congress has recently considered, and is currently considering, various proposals for more comprehensive cybersecurity and data privacy legislation, to which we may be subject if passed.
 Like other lenders, the Bank and other of our subsidiaries also use credit bureau data in their underwriting activities. Use of such data is regulated under the FCRA, and the FCRA also regulates reporting information to credit bureaus, prescreening individuals for credit offers, sharing of information between affiliates, and using affiliate data for marketing purposes. Similar state laws may impose additional requirements on us and our subsidiaries.
 The CISA is intended to improve cybersecurity in the U.S. by enhanced sharing of information about security threats among the U.S. government and private sector entities, including financial institutions, and empowers the CISA Agency to oversee this information sharing process. The CISA also authorizes companies to monitor their own systems notwithstanding any other provision of law and allows companies to carry out defensive measures on their own systems from cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches. The law includes liability protections for companies that share cyber-threat information with third parties so long as such sharing activity is conducted in accordance with the CISA. In addition, the enactment of the CIRCIA in 2022, once rulemaking is complete, will require, among other things, certain companies to report significant cyber incidents to the CISA Agency within 72 hours from the time the company reasonably believes the incident occurred (and within 24 hours of making a ransom payment as a result of a ransomware attack). On April 4, 2024, the CISA Agency proposed a rule under the CIRCIA that would clarify the scope of cyber incidents to be reported and would further define covered entities subject to the CIRCIA to expressly include companies in the financial services industry that are required to report cyber incidents to their primary federal regulators.
 In addition, effective April 1, 2022, the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC issued a rule that, among other things, requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator as soon as possible and within 36 hours after identifying a "computer-security incident" that the banking organization believes in good faith could materially disrupt, degrade or impair its business or operations in a manner that would, among other things, jeopardize the viability of its operations, result in customers being unable to access their deposit and other accounts, result in a material loss of revenue, profit or franchise value, or pose a threat to the stability of the U.S. financial sector.
 20 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Cybersecurity and data privacy are also areas of increasing state legislative focus. For example, under California state law, the CCPA broadly defines personal information and substantially increases the rights of California residents to understand how their personal information is collected, used, and otherwise processed by commercial businesses, such as affording them the right to access and request deletion of their information and to opt out of certain sharing and sales of personal information. The CCPA contemplates civil penalties of up to $2,500 for each violation and up to $7,500 for each intentional violation and includes a private right of action (permitting lawsuits to be brought by private individuals instead of the state Attorney General or other government actor for certain breaches). Numerous other states have enacted, or are considering enacting, comprehensive data privacy laws that share similarities with the CCPA. In addition, laws in all 50 U.S. states require businesses to provide notice under certain circumstances to consumers whose personal information has been disclosed as a result of a data breach.
 Our cybersecurity and data privacy policies and procedures for the protection of personal information are in effect across all businesses and geographic locations as applicable.
 FDIC Insurance
 The DIF provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, up to a standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000 per depositor, and is funded through assessments on insured depository institutions, based on the risk each institution poses to the DIF. The Bank accepts customer deposits that are insured by the DIF and, therefore, must pay insurance premiums. The FDIC may increase the Bank's insurance premiums based on various factors, including the FDIC's assessment of its risk profile.
 The FDIC also requires large insured depository institutions, including the Bank, to maintain enhanced deposit account recordkeeping and related information technology system capabilities to facilitate prompt payment of insured deposits if such an institution were to fail.
 The FDIC, as required under the FDIA, established a plan on September 15, 2020, to restore the DIF reserve ratio to meet or exceed the statutory minimum of 1.35% within eight years. This plan did not include an increase in the deposit insurance assessment rate. Based on the FDIC's recent projections, however, the FDIC determined that the DIF reserve ratio is at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum by the statutory deadline of September 30, 2028 without increasing the deposit insurance assessment rates. In October 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by 2 basis points, beginning on January 1, 2023. The FDIC also concurrently maintained the Designated Reserve Ratio for the DIF at 2%.
 In November 2023, the FDIC issued a final rule, which became effective April 1, 2024, to implement a special assessment to recoup losses to the DIF associated with the first half 2023 bank failures. Under the final rule, the assessment base for the special assessment is equal to an insured depository institution's estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to exclude the first $5 billion of uninsured deposits. The FDIC will collect the special assessment over an initial eight-quarter collection period, which began in the second quarter of 2024 and currently projects that the special assessment will be collected for an additional two quarters beyond the initial eight-quarter collection period, at a lower rate, subject to change depending on any adjustments to the loss estimate, mergers or failures, or amendments to reported estimates of uninsured deposits. The Bank recognized expense of $214 million in 2023 and $28 million in 2024 related to the DIF special assessment.
 Compensation
 Our compensation practices are subject to oversight by the Federal Reserve and, with respect to some of our subsidiaries and employees, by other financial regulatory bodies. The scope and content of compensation regulation in the financial industry are continuing to develop, and we expect that these regulations and resulting market practices will continue to evolve over a number of years.
 The federal bank regulatory agencies have issued joint guidance on executive compensation designed to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations, such as Huntington and the Bank, do not encourage imprudent risk taking and are consistent with the safety and soundness of the organization. The SEC has a rule that directs stock exchanges to require listed companies to implement clawback policies to recover incentive-based compensation from current or former executive officers in the event of certain financial restatements and requires companies to disclose their clawback policies and their actions under those policies.
 2024 Form 10-K 21

 Community Reinvestment Act
 The CRA is intended to encourage banks to help meet the credit needs of their service areas, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and soundness practices. The relevant federal bank regulatory agency, the OCC in the Bank's case, examines each bank and assigns it a public CRA rating. A bank's record of fair lending compliance is part of the resulting CRA examination report.
 The CRA requires the relevant federal bank regulatory agency to consider a bank's CRA assessment when considering the bank's application to conduct certain mergers or acquisitions or to open or relocate a branch office. The Federal Reserve also must consider the CRA record of each subsidiary bank of a BHC in connection with any acquisition or merger application filed by the BHC. An unsatisfactory CRA record could substantially delay or result in the denial of an approval or application by Huntington or the Bank. The Bank received the highest possible overall CRA rating of "Outstanding" in its most recent examination.
 In October 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a final rule to amend their regulations implementing the CRA. The rule materially revises the current CRA framework, including the assessment areas in which a bank is evaluated to include activities associated with online and mobile banking, the tests used to evaluate the Bank in its assessment areas, new methods of calculating credit for lending, investment, and service activities, and additional data collection and reporting requirements. The rule is expected to result in a significant increase in the thresholds for large banks to receive "Outstanding" ratings in the future. The rule was expected to take effect on April 1, 2024, with most of its provisions becoming applicable on January 1, 2026. Reporting of the collected data will not be required until 2027. Several banking industry groups filed a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the CRA final rule, in which they argued that the federal banking agencies exceeded their statutory authority in adopting the CRA final rule. In March 2024, a federal judge granted an injunction to extend the CRA final rule's effective date, originally set for April 1, 2024. The effective date will be extended each day the injunction remains in place, pending the resolution of the lawsuit.
 Debit Interchange Fees
 We are subject to a statutory requirement that interchange fees for electronic debit transactions that are paid to or charged by payment card issuers, including the Bank, be reasonable and proportional to the cost incurred by the issuer. Interchange fees for electronic debit transactions are limited to 21 cents plus 0.05% of the transaction, plus an additional one cent per transaction fraud adjustment. These fees impose requirements regarding routing and exclusivity of electronic debit transactions. As an issuer with over $10 billion in assets, Huntington is subject to, and in compliance with, Regulation II which requires, among other things, that debit card issuers should enable all debit card transactions, including card-not-present transactions such as online payments, to be processed on at least two unaffiliated payment card networks.
 In October 2023, the Federal Reserve released a notice of proposed rulemaking that would lower the maximum interchange fee that a large debit card issuer can receive on a debit card transaction. Under the proposal, the base component would initially decrease from 21.0 cents to 14.4 cents, the ad valorem component would decrease from 5.0 basis points to 4.0 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction, and the fraud-prevention adjustment would increase from 1.0 cents to 1.3 cents for debit card transactions performed from the effective date of the final rule to June 30, 2025. In addition, the proposal would adopt an approach for future adjustments to the interchange fee cap, which would occur every other year based on issuer cost data gathered from large debit card issuers.
 Consumer Protection Regulation and Supervision
 We are subject to supervision and regulation by the CFPB with respect to federal consumer protection laws. We are also subject to certain state consumer protection laws, and under the Dodd-Frank Act, state attorneys general and other state officials are empowered to enforce certain federal consumer protection laws and regulations. State authorities have increased their focus on and enforcement of consumer protection rules. These federal and state consumer protection laws apply to a broad range of our activities and to various aspects of our business and include laws relating to interest rates, fair lending, disclosures of credit terms and estimated transaction costs to consumer borrowers, debt collection practices, the use of and the provision of information to consumer reporting agencies, and the prohibition of unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offer, sale, or provision of consumer financial products and services.
 22 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 In December 2024, the CFPB issued a final rule that amends Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act, to apply to overdraft credit provided by insured depository institutions with more than $10 billion in total assets. The final rule is scheduled to go into effect on October 1, 2025. Under the final rule, covered institutions, including the Bank, would be allowed to choose to offer overdrafts as a courtesy overdraft service or as a line of credit. If the courtesy overdraft option is chosen, overdrafts would remain exempt from Regulation Z, as long as fees charged are based on the higher of an institutions breakeven point derived from its own costs and losses, or a benchmark fee of $5 established by the CFPB. If the overdraft line of credit option is chosen, overdrafts would be considered a loan subject to Regulation Z, and therefore, subject to account opening and loan disclosures, required to be held in an account separate from the customer's checking or transaction account, and may not be conditioned on preauthorized electronic funds transfers. Several banking industry groups filed a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the final rule, in which they argued that the CFPB exceeded its statutory authority in adopting the final rule. The court has not yet ruled on the merits of the lawsuit nor granted a preliminary injunction. We continue to evaluate this rulemaking and assess its potential impact on Huntington and the Bank.

 Corporate Responsibility
 The responsible way in which we operate our Company enables us to live Our Purpose of making people's lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve. We use the platform of Corporate Responsibility to help describe and report on the work we do every day to deliver value for our stakeholders.
 As a public company, our economic impact begins with our commitment to creating sustainable, long-term shareholder value through top-tier performance, while maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low, through-the-cycle risk appetite and a well-capitalized position.
 As a regional bank, our economic impact includes helping individuals and families reach their goals of financial stability and homeownership; providing businesses, especially small and mid-sized businesses, with the resources to grow; serving and supporting the underbanked; and working in partnership to create more prosperous and resilient communities.
 Governance and Ethics
 With oversight from our Board of Directors and in furtherance of our business strategy, we are committed to implementing strong Corporate Responsibility practices. The following represents our integrated governance structure:

 Board Nominating and ESG Committee

 Board Risk Oversight Committee

 Executive Leadership Team

 Chief Corporate Responsibility Officer

 Climate Risk Director

 Our Board of Directors and ELT are committed to executing on our long-term vision and aligning our strategic objectives with the interests of our stakeholders. Our Board members are accomplished leaders, bringing the perspectives, skills, experience, and independent judgment necessary to provide effective oversight and drive continued success. Our Board oversees and approves the strategy, risk appetite, and Code of Business Conduct & Ethics for the entire organization. Our ELT operates our business and enterprise functions with high legal, ethical, and moral standards through clearly stated policies and procedures. Additionally, our leaders set the tone at the top and oversee compliance with our standards and direct the company's financial reporting and internal controls.
 At the end of 2024, our Board consisted of 16 directors, comprised of our Chairman/President/CEO of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and President/CEO of Huntington National Bank, our Huntington National Bank Chairman, and 14 independent directors. Our key risk and governance committees are comprised of a minimum of three independent directors and are chaired by an independent director with the knowledge and expertise to lead the committee. Each year, the Board evaluates its leadership organization to ensure it is best structure to provide oversight of the Company and execute against our strategy objectives. As of December 31, 2024, our ELT and Board were both 50% diverse by race and gender.
 2024 Form 10-K 23

 Chief Corporate Responsibility Officer
 Our Chief Corporate Responsibility Officer is responsible for (1) advancing enterprise Corporate Responsibility strategy and facilitating implementation of the strategy at the business levels; (2) driving a consistent understanding of Corporate Responsibility strategy throughout the Company; (3) leading regulatory compliance efforts; and (4) overseeing goal setting (when appropriate), reporting, and monitoring. The Chief Corporate Responsibility Officer also identifies innovation and advancement opportunities aligned with strategic planning. The Chief Corporate Responsibility Officer works with a Strategy Team to drive an integrated strategic vision throughout the Bank, as well as a Core Team that is responsible for day-to-day oversight, including over publication of external disclosures and reporting.
 Climate Risk Director and Team
 Our Climate Risk Director and climate risk management team are responsible for providing input into the identification, assessment, and monitoring of climate-related risks, including guidance and insight relative to areas of expertise by the members who represent business units across the Company. This team is also tasked with offering input into emissions calculations and climate scenario analyses to help identify and mitigate prospective risks.
 Community Development
 We are committed to delivering sustainable, long-term shareholder value through financial performance, while maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite and a well-capitalized position. We align our corporate strategy to our purpose of helping others and building upon our market-leading, purpose-driven bank through focused efforts on the environmental and social issues most important to our business and our stakeholders.
 In June 2021, we made a five-year $40 billion commitment toward our Community Plan to strengthen small businesses and foster opportunity throughout our footprint. Our Community Plan was developed to support communities by enabling and improving financial opportunities for people, businesses, and neighborhoods through commitments focusing on increasing lending, investing, and services to address areas of need as follows:
 • Huntington committed to providing $24 billion in affordable housing financing and consumer lending. Through October 31, 2024, we have reached $18.2 billion of this commitment.
 • Huntington expanded its Small Business lending programs into its acquired TCF footprint and committed $10 billion to the programs. Through October 31, 2024, we have reached $8.2 billion of this commitment.
 • Huntington committed $6.5 billion in community development loans and investments to establish programs and services that foster equity in areas such as affordable housing, small business financing, and community services. Through October 31, 2024, we have exceeded this commitment by funding $7.8 billion in loans and investments.
 • Embedded in the areas of need above is a $16 billion commitment to diverse borrowers and communities to advance systemic change. Through October 31, 2024, we have reached $14.7 billion of this commitment.
 Huntington has additionally developed a Lift Local Business program, and made a commitment of $100 million, which supports entrepreneurs who have been historically under-resourced. This program offers loans, business planning support, free financial education courses delivered through Operation HOPE, and other services to help them achieve their goals. Through September 30, 2024, we have exceeded this commitment by funding $153 million in loans.
 24 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Environmental
 Huntington supports environmental stewardship, reflecting our commitment to mitigating the effects of climate change and reducing our reliance on natural resources. Our path to a more sustainable future is guided by our environmental and climate strategies, transitioning to renewable sources of energy, improving our energy efficiency, growing our renewable energy financing capabilities, and preparing for future regulatory and reporting requirements.
 We report on our commitment and transparency in numerous ways. These include:
 • Preparing an annual Climate Report that discusses in detail our approach toward environmental and climate governance, strategy, risk management, and performance;
 • Working closely with shareholders and third party rating agencies to disclose and update details about our environmental programs; and
 • Making additional environmental and climate-related resources available on our Investor Relations website, and meeting regularly with shareholders to discuss our environmental and climate risk management efforts.
 In 2024, we published our third standalone Climate Report, organized around the TCFD framework, based on 2023 data; Our Climate Report updated progress against our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions reductions, water consumption, and landfill waste goals. Consistent with our membership in the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials organization, we have disclosed the Scope 3, Category 15 emissions associated with our consumer automobile portfolio. Consistent with emerging regulatory expectation, our Climate Risk team continues to work toward computing reliable, accurate estimates of other Scope 3, Category 15 portfolios.
 Human Capital and Inclusion
 Huntington aspires to be a Category of One financial services institution: an organization that uniquely combines its culture and performance. Huntington had 19,932 average full-time equivalent colleagues during 2024, whom we encourage to support a shared purpose of making our colleagues' and customers' lives better, helping businesses thrive, and strengthening the communities we serve. We believe that our culture enriches the experience of colleagues, enhances our ability to perform as a company, and makes us a destination employer.
 We engage with our colleagues to gain valuable feedback on a wide range of subjects related to the experience of working at Huntington, with a strategic focus on culture, trust, and engagement. We value the feedback colleagues choose to share and use the information to drive our talent management program, which focuses on four key areas:
 • Engagement
 • Development
 • Retention, and
 • Attraction of talent
 Engagement
 At Huntington, we have taken steps to align our values, beliefs, and behaviors with those of our colleagues. We have highly engaged colleagues committed to looking out for each other and our customers with a balanced focus on "what we do" and "how we do it." This synergy has proven to positively impact colleague performance and satisfaction. 2024 marked the tenth consecutive year we conducted a company-wide engagement survey to measure our colleagues' experience with a strategic focus on culture, trust, and engagement – and the results were reaffirming. In 2024, 85%, 82%, and 82% of colleagues responded favorably on trust, culture, and engagement, respectively. These results place Huntington in the top quartile of favorability for Culture and Trust among our benchmark peer group. 80% of colleagues responded they would recommend Huntington as a great place to work.
 The annual company-wide engagement survey is just one element of our continual colleague feedback program, which includes quick colleague pulse, new hire, manager-specific, and exit surveys. These surveys enhance leader understanding of the colleague experience, position Huntington to respond to colleague needs, and provide strong support to colleagues as they deliver performance in the spirit of our Purpose and Values.
 2024 Form 10-K 25

 At Huntington, living our shared Purpose extends beyond our daily work. We believe that building connections between colleagues, their families and our communities create a meaningful, fulfilling, and inclusive colleague experience. During 2024, Huntington colleagues provided approximately 35,000 volunteer hours to nearly 1,400 organizations across our footprint, including foodbanks, homeless shelters, local schools, senior housing, and afterschool programs.
 Development
 We have created specialized programs to help our colleagues grow and develop. These programs include an online library which allows colleagues to take ownership of their development via direct access to role-based content. The content is divided into three key areas of development: learning and growth, maximizing performance, and protecting the company. During 2024, colleagues at Huntington completed nearly 800,000 training hours. Huntington also provided several top talent development programs so that colleagues may further develop and accelerate their career growth. Additionally, we offer our full-time colleagues the ability to obtain post-secondary education with reimbursement of eligible tuition, including through two arrangements where tuition is reimbursed in advance. In addition to these programs, Huntington has also launched a program to capture the skills of all colleagues and match colleagues to internal job opportunities based on those skills.
 Retention
 Huntington is committed to creating an environment where colleagues are valued, supported, and empowered. With respect to pay, Huntington offers a minimum hourly rate of $20 per hour and competitive wages at all levels of the organization, which we regularly benchmark against the marketplace. Our compensation structure includes benefit plans and programs focused on multiple facets of well-being, including physical, mental, and financial wellness. We also offer Workplace Flex, a program designed to help colleagues to achieve a healthy balance between work and life outside of work. The program includes, when available and appropriate: flexible scheduling (staggered hours, compressed workweeks, part-time schedules, and job-sharing), flexible work location (remote and in-office), and both health and financial wellness support beyond the basic medical/visual/dental programs (adoption and fertility, parental leave, on-site fitness and fitness discounts, mental health and financial counseling services, support for chronic conditions).
 We continue to identify and implement effective practices to promote pay equity, in compliance with laws. Huntington conducts a pay equity analysis annually, evaluating pay for colleagues performing the same work, designed to ensure equity.
 The diversity of our colleagues is a key component of our success as an organization as it allows us to have a workforce that is representative of the communities we serve and is critical to our sustained success and growth.
 Our commitment to creating a diverse and inclusive environment involves embracing different skills, backgrounds, and perspectives, both in our communities and at work. We execute this strategy in multiple ways, including community engagement and through Inclusion Councils, Business Resource Groups, and Communities of Practice to support our commitment to engage, develop, retain, and attract talent.
 Collectively, these strategies create a colleague experience that entices colleagues to stay and fulfill their goals with Huntington.
 Attraction of Talent
 We are dedicated to attracting highly talented colleagues and becoming a destination employer. We embrace a talent attraction model that supports our mission to provide every candidate and hiring manager with an exceptional experience that aligns with our people-first culture. Our Purpose Driven Hiring process is integrated into our leadership development program, which is designed for new leaders within their first 90 days of employment. Purpose Driven Hiring supports our approach to hiring for alignment with Huntington's leadership behaviors, values, and skills, creating a streamlined, repeatable process that promotes fair treatment for all. We have made investments, including revamping our career site and leveraging a candidate management platform, to enhance communication that elevate the hiring experience for candidates, hiring managers, and recruiters alike. These practices will allow us to secure highly talented colleagues that will help shape our future.
 26 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Available Information
 We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with the Exchange Act, we file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about issuers, like us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of the site is  The reports and other information, including any related amendments, filed by us with, or furnished by us to, the SEC are also available free of charge at our Internet web site as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The address of the site is  Except as specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information on those web sites is not part of this report. You also should be able to inspect reports, proxy statements, and other information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq National Market at 33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004.
 2024 Form 10-K 27

 Item 1A: Risk Factors

 The risks and uncertainties listed below present risks that could have a material impact on Huntington's financial condition, the results of operations, or its business. Some of these risks and uncertainties are interrelated and the occurrence of one or more of them may exacerbate the effect of others. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones Huntington faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to Huntington or that Huntington believes to be immaterial may also adversely affect its business. Additionally, refer to factors set forth under the caption "Forward-Looking Statements." For more information on how we manage risks, see discussion in the " Risk Governance " section of our MD&A.
 In addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference into this report, readers should carefully consider that the following important factors, among others, could negatively impact our business, future results of operations, and future cash flows materially.

 Credit Risks:
 Our ACL level may prove to not be adequate or be negatively affected by credit risk exposures which could adversely affect our net income and capital.
 Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. Our ACL of $2.4 billion at December 31, 2024, represented management's estimate of the current expected losses in our loan and lease portfolio (ALLL), as well as our unfunded lending commitments (AULC). We regularly review our ACL for appropriateness. In doing so, we consider probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default depending on economic parameters for each month of the remaining contractual term of the credit exposure. The economic parameters are developed using available information relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. There is no certainty that our ACL will be appropriate over time to cover lifetime losses of the portfolio because of unanticipated adverse changes in the economy, market conditions, or events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or markets. If the credit quality of our customer base materially decreases, if the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, or if the ACL is not appropriate, our net income and capital could be materially adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 In addition, regulatory review of risk ratings and loan and lease losses may impact the level of the ACL and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 Weakness in economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
 Continued economic uncertainty and a recessionary or stagnant economy could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our performance could be negatively affected to the extent there is deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, rising interest rates, supply chain issues, labor shortages, or changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, which have direct or indirect material adverse impacts on us, our customers, and our counterparties. These conditions could result in one or more of the following:
 • A decrease in the demand for loans and other products and services offered by us;
 • A decrease in customer savings generally, and in the demand for savings and investment products offered by us;
 • An increase in the number of customers and counterparties who become delinquent, file for protection under bankruptcy laws, or default on their loans or other obligations to us; and
 • An increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults could result in a higher level of NPAs, NCOs, provision for credit losses, and valuation adjustments on loans held for sale.
 The markets we serve are dependent on industrial and manufacturing businesses and, thus, are particularly vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions affecting these sectors.
 28 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 A U.S. government debt default would have a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance, including a decrease in the value of Treasury bonds and other government securities held by us, which could negatively impact Huntington's and the Bank's capital positions and their ability to meet regulatory requirements. Other negative impacts of a U.S. government debt default, budget deficit concerns, government shutdown, or related credit ratings downgrades could include volatile capital markets, an adverse impact on the U.S. economy and the U.S. dollar, as well as increased default rates among borrowers in light of increased economic uncertainty. Some of these impacts might occur even in the absence of an actual default or government shutdown as a consequence of extended political negotiations around the threat of such a default or government shutdown.

 Market Risks:
 Changes in interest rates could reduce our net interest income, reduce transactional income, and negatively impact the value of our loans, securities, and other assets. This could have an adverse impact on our cash flows, financial condition, results of operations, and capital.
 Our results of operations depend substantially on net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest earning assets (such as investments and loans) and interest paid on interest bearing liabilities (such as deposits and borrowings). Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, and domestic and international economic and political conditions. Conditions such as inflation, deflation, recession, unemployment, money supply, and other factors beyond our control may also affect interest rates. In addition, the Federal Reserve's monetary policies, including changes in the federal funds rate and increasing or reducing the size of its balance sheet, may also affect interest rates. If our interest earning assets mature or reprice faster than interest bearing liabilities in a declining interest rate environment, net interest income could be materially adversely impacted. Likewise, if interest bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest earning assets in a rising interest rate environment, net interest income could be adversely impacted.
 Changes in interest rates can affect the value of loans, securities, assets under management, and other assets, including mortgage servicing rights. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans and leases may lead to an increase in NPAs and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. When we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. However, we continue to incur interest expense as a cost of funding NALs without any corresponding interest income. In addition, transactional income, including trust income, brokerage income, and gain on sales of loans, can vary significantly from period-to-period based on a number of factors, including the interest rate environment. A decline in interest rates could result in declining net interest margins if longer duration assets reprice faster than deposits.
 Rising interest rates reduce the value of our fixed-rate securities. Unrealized losses from available-for-sale securities impact our OCI, shareholders' equity, and the Tangible Common Equity ratio. Any realized securities losses impact our regulatory capital ratios. For more information, refer to " Market Risk " section of the MD&A.
 Certain investment securities, notably mortgage-backed securities, are sensitive to rising and falling rates. Generally, when rates rise, prepayments of principal and interest will decrease, and the duration of mortgage-backed securities will increase. Conversely, when rates fall, prepayments of principal and interest will increase, and the duration of mortgage-backed securities will decrease. In either case, interest rates have a significant impact on the value of mortgage-backed securities.
 MSR fair values are sensitive to movements in interest rates, as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which can be reduced by prepayments. Prepayments usually increase when mortgage interest rates decline and decrease when mortgage interest rates rise.
 In addition to volatility associated with interest rates, the Company also has exposure to equity markets related to the investments within the benefit plans and other income from client-based transactions.
 2024 Form 10-K 29

 Inflation could negatively impact our business, our profitability, and our stock price.
 Prolonged periods of inflation may impact our profitability by negatively impacting our fixed costs and expenses, including increasing funding costs and expense related to talent acquisition and retention. Additionally, inflation may lead to a decrease in consumer and clients' purchasing power and negatively affect the need or demand for our products and services. If significant inflation continues, our business could be negatively affected by, among other things, increased default rates leading to credit losses which could decrease our appetite for new credit extensions. These inflationary pressures could result in missed earnings and budgetary projections causing our stock price to suffer.
 Industry competition may have an adverse effect on our success.
 Our profitability depends on our ability to compete successfully. We operate in a highly competitive environment, and we expect competition to intensify. Certain of our competitors are larger and have more resources than we do, enabling them to be more aggressive than us in competing for loans and deposits. Our competitors could be made larger through merger or consolidation. In our market areas, we face competition from other banks and financial service companies that offer similar services. Some of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations we are and, therefore, may have greater flexibility in competing for business. Technological advances have made it possible for our non-bank competitors to offer products and services that traditionally were banking products and for financial institutions and other companies to provide electronic and internet-based financial solutions, including mobile payments, online deposit accounts, electronic payment processing, and marketplace lending, without having a physical presence where their customers are located. Legislative or regulatory changes also could lead to increased competition in the financial services sector. Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including customer convenience, quality of service by investing in new products and services, electronic platforms, personal contacts, pricing, and range of products. If we are unable to successfully compete for new customers and retain our current customers, our business, financial condition, or results of operations may be adversely affected. In particular, if we experience an outflow of deposits as a result of our customers seeking investments with higher yields or greater financial stability, or a desire to do business with our competitors, we may be forced to rely more heavily on borrowings and other sources of funding to operate our business and meet withdrawal demands, thereby adversely affecting our net interest margin. For more information, refer to " Competition " section of Item 1: Business.

 Liquidity Risks:
 Changes in Huntington's financial condition or in the general banking industry, or changes in interest rates, could result in a loss of depositor confidence.
 Liquidity is the ability to meet cash flow needs on a timely basis at a reasonable cost. The Bank uses its liquidity to extend credit and to repay liabilities as they become due or as demanded by customers.
 Our primary source of liquidity is our large supply of deposits from consumer and commercial customers. The continued availability of this supply depends on customer willingness to maintain deposit balances with banks in general, and with us in particular. The availability of deposits can also be impacted by regulatory changes (e.g., changes in FDIC insurance, liquidity requirements, etc.), changes in the financial condition of Huntington, other banks, or the banking industry in general, changes in the interest rates our competitors pay on their deposits, and other events which can impact the perceived safety or economic benefits of bank deposits. While we make significant efforts to consider and plan for hypothetical disruptions in our deposit funding, market-related, geopolitical, or other events could impact the liquidity derived from deposits.
 30 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 We are a holding company and depend on dividends by our subsidiaries for liquidity needs.
 Huntington is an entity separate and distinct from the Bank. The Bank conducts most of our operations, and Huntington depends upon dividends from the Bank to service Huntington's operating costs and to pay dividends to Huntington's shareholders. The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition including liquidity and capital adequacy of the Bank and other factors, that the OCC could limit the payment of dividends or other payments to Huntington by the Bank. In addition, the payment of dividends by our other subsidiaries is also subject to the laws of the subsidiary's state of incorporation, and regulatory capital and liquidity requirements applicable to such subsidiaries. In the event that the Bank was unable to pay dividends to us, we in turn would likely have to reduce or stop paying dividends on our Preferred and Common Stock. Our failure to pay dividends on our Preferred and Common Stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Preferred and Common Stock. Additional information regarding dividend restrictions is provided in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 If we lose access to capital markets, we may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of our depositors, creditors, and borrowers, or have the operating cash needed to fund corporate expansion and other corporate activities.
 Wholesale funding sources can include securitization, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, brokered deposits, and long-term debt. The Bank is also a member of the FHLB, which provides members access to funding through advances collateralized with mortgage-related assets. We maintain a portfolio of highly-rated, marketable securities that is available as a source of liquidity.
 We may, from time-to-time, consider using our existing liquidity position to opportunistically retire outstanding securities in privately negotiated or open market transactions.
 Capital markets disruptions can directly impact the liquidity of Huntington and the Bank. Our ability to access the capital markets, if needed, will depend on a number of factors, including the state of the financial markets. Rising interest rates, disruptions in financial markets, negative perceptions of our business or our financial strength, negative perceptions of the overall banking industry or of other regional banks, or other factors may impact our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, on terms acceptable to us. For example, in the event of future turmoil in the banking industry or other idiosyncratic events, there is no guarantee that the U.S. government will invoke the systemic risk exception, create additional liquidity programs, or take any other action to stabilize the banking industry or provide liquidity. Any diminished ability to access short-term funding or capital markets to raise additional capital, if needed, could subject us to liability, restrict our ability to grow, require us to take actions that would affect our earnings negatively or otherwise adversely affect our business and our ability to implement our business plan, capital plan, and strategic goals.
 A reduction in our credit rating could adversely affect our access to capital and could increase our cost of funds.
 The credit rating agencies regularly evaluate Huntington and the Bank. Credit ratings are based on a number of factors, including our financial strength and ability to generate earnings, as well as factors not entirely within our control, including conditions affecting the financial services industry, the economy, and changes in rating methodologies. There can be no assurance that we will maintain our current credit ratings. A downgrade of the credit ratings of Huntington or the Bank could adversely affect our access to liquidity and capital, and could significantly increase our cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements, and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to us or purchase our securities. This could affect our growth, profitability, and financial condition, including liquidity.
 2024 Form 10-K 31

 Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The macroeconomic environment in the U.S. is susceptible to global events and volatility in financial markets. For example, global conflicts (including the continuing conflicts involving Ukraine and the Russian Federation and those in the Middle East) or other similar events, as well as government actions of other restrictions in connection with such events, and trade negotiations between the U.S. and other nations could adversely impact economic and market conditions for the Company and its clients and counterparties. In addition, global supply chain disruptions may cause prolonged inflation, adversely impact consumer and business confidence, and adversely affect the economy as well as our financial condition and results.

 Operational Risks:
 Our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could fail or be breached, which could disrupt our business and adversely impact our operations, liquidity, and financial condition, as well as cause legal or reputational harm.
 The potential for operational risk exposure exists throughout our business and, as a result of our interactions with, and reliance on, third parties, is not limited to our own internal operational functions. Our operational and security systems and infrastructure, including our computer systems, data management, and internal processes, as well as those of third parties, are integral to our performance. We rely on our employees and third parties in our day-to-day and ongoing operations, who may, as a result of human error, misconduct, malfeasance, failure, or breach of our or of third-party systems or infrastructure, expose us to risk. For example, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant operational disruptions, compromises or failures of us or of third parties with which we do business or upon which we rely.
 We face indirect technology, cybersecurity, data privacy and operational risks relating to the contractors, customers, clients, and other third parties with which we do business or upon which we rely to facilitate or enable our business activities, including, for example, financial counterparties, regulators, and providers of critical infrastructure such as internet access and electrical power. As a result of increasing consolidation, interdependence, and complexity of financial entities and technology systems and infrastructure, a disruption, compromise or failure that significantly degrades, damages or destroys the systems or infrastructure, or the confidential, proprietary, personal and other information stored or processed thereon, of one or more financial entities could have a material impact on counterparties or other market participants, including us. This consolidation, interconnectivity, and complexity increases the risk of operational disruption, compromise or failure. Any third-party disruption, compromise or failure, including any technology failure, cyber-attack or other information or security breach, termination, or constraint could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to effect transactions, service our clients, manage our exposure to risk, or expand our business.
 32 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup, or other operational or security systems and infrastructure may also fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, which could adversely affect our ability to process transactions, provide services, or otherwise conduct business. Such events may include: sudden increases in customer transaction volume; electrical, telecommunications, or other major service outages; client access to our digital platforms and mobile applications; disease pandemics; cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches; software or hardware failures; and events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including wars and terrorist attacks. Additional events beyond our control that could impact our business directly or indirectly include natural disasters such as wildfires, earthquakes, and weather events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, and floods. Neither the occurrence nor the potential impact of these events can be predicted, and the frequency and severity of weather events may be impacted by climate changes. In addition, we may need to take our systems or infrastructure off-line if they become subject to a cyber-attack or other information or security breach, such as becoming infected with malware or a computer virus. For more information on cybersecurity risks, see " Risk Factors—Compliance Risks —We face risks from cyber-attacks and other information or security breaches, including denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks targeting our employees, contractors, colleagues and customers, malware intrusion or data corruption attempts, and identity theft, that could result in the disclosure of confidential, proprietary, personal and other information, any of which could adversely affect our business or reputation and create significant legal and financial exposure."
 We frequently update our systems and infrastructure to support our operations and growth and to remain compliant with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones, including business interruptions. Implementation and testing of controls related to our computer systems and infrastructure, security monitoring, and retaining and training personnel required to operate our systems and infrastructure also entail significant costs. For more information regarding the Company's process for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, refer to Item 1C: Cybersecurity. There can be no guarantee that our updates to our systems and infrastructure or any other measures we take in order to prevent, mitigate or remediate any disruption, compromise or failure of our systems or infrastructure will be successful, adequate or otherwise result in our intended outcomes. For example, in the event that backup systems are utilized, they may not process data as quickly as our primary systems, and some data might not have been saved to backup systems, potentially resulting in a temporary or permanent loss of such data. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and infrastructure and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems or infrastructure is more limited than with respect to our own systems and infrastructure. Even when a disruption, compromise, or failure is prevented, mitigated, or remediated in a timely manner, doing so may have required expending substantial resources and management attention or taking other actions that could adversely affect customer satisfaction or retention, as well as harm our reputation. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms, or at all, or that our insurers will not deny coverage to any future claim. Operational risk exposures could adversely impact our operations, liquidity, and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.
 We face risks from cyber-attacks and other information or security breaches, including denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks targeting our colleagues, contractors, and customers, malware intrusion or data corruption attempts, and identity theft that could result in the disclosure of confidential, proprietary, personal and other information, any of which could adversely affect our business or reputation, and create significant legal and financial exposure.
 Our computer and data management systems and network infrastructure, and those of third parties on which we are highly dependent, are subject to cybersecurity risks and could be susceptible to cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches. Our business relies on the secure processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval of confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information in our computer and data management systems and network infrastructure, and in the computer and data management systems and network infrastructure of third parties. In addition, to access our network, products, and services, our customers and other third parties may use personal mobile devices or computing devices that are outside of our network environment and are subject to their own cybersecurity risks.
 2024 Form 10-K 33

 We, our customers, regulators, and other third parties, including other financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing, have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches. These cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches include computer viruses, denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks (including phishing and smishing attacks) targeting our colleagues, contractors, and customers, malware intrusion or data corruption attempts, ransomware, improper access by employees or contractors, identity theft, and other security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, destruction, or other processing of confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information of ours, our employees, our customers, or of third parties, damage our systems and infrastructure or otherwise materially disrupt our, our customers', or other third parties' network access or business operations. As cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any cybersecurity vulnerabilities or cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches. Despite efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and implement controls, processes, policies, and other protective measures, we may not be able to anticipate all security breaches, nor may we be able to implement sufficient preventive measures against such cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, which may result in material losses or consequences for us.
 Cybersecurity risks for banking organizations have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, including AI, and the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions. For example, cybersecurity risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase our mobile-payment and other internet-based product offerings and expand our internal usage of web-based products and applications. In addition, cybersecurity risks have significantly increased in recent years in part due to the increased sophistication and activities of cyber threat actors, such as organized crime affiliates, terrorist organizations, state-sponsored actors, hostile foreign governments, disgruntled employees or vendors, activists, and other external parties, including those involved in corporate espionage, any of whom may enhance their efforts through the use of AI. Even the most advanced internal control environment may be vulnerable to compromise. Due to increasing geopolitical tensions, nation state cyber-attacks and ransomware are both increasing in sophistication and prevalence. Targeted social engineering and email attacks (i.e., "spear phishing" attacks) are becoming more sophisticated and are extremely difficult to prevent. In such an attack, an attacker will attempt to fraudulently induce colleagues, contractors, customers, clients, or other users of our systems and infrastructure to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our, our customers', or our clients' systems and infrastructure, or the confidential, proprietary, personal, or other information stored or processed thereon. Persistent attackers may succeed in penetrating defenses given enough resources, time, and motive. The techniques used by cyber threat actors change frequently, may not be recognized until launched, and may not be recognized until well after a cyber-attack or other information or security breach has occurred. The speed at which new vulnerabilities are discovered and exploited, often before security patches are published, continues to rise. Remote work further increases the risk that we may experience cyber-attack or other information or security breaches as a result of our employees, colleagues, contractors, and other third parties with which we do business or upon which we rely working remotely on less secure systems and environments.
 The risk of a security breach caused by a cyber-attack or other information security breach at a third party with which we do business or upon which we rely, or by unauthorized access by such third party, has also increased in recent years. Additionally, the existence of cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches at such third parties with access to our confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information may not be disclosed to us in a timely manner. Further, our ability to monitor such third parties' cybersecurity practices is limited. Although we generally have agreements relating to cybersecurity and data privacy in place with third parties, we cannot guarantee that such agreements will prevent a cyber-attack or other information or security breach impacting our confidential, proprietary, personal, or other information, or enable us to obtain adequate or any reimbursement from such third parties in the event we should suffer any disruption, compromise, failure, liability, reputational harm, or other cost or expense. Due to applicable laws and regulations or contractual obligations, we may be held responsible for cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches attributed to such third parties as they relate to the information we share with them.
 34 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, whether directed at us or third parties, may result in a material loss or have material consequences. Furthermore, the public perception that a cyber-attack or other information or security breach on our systems or infrastructure has been successful, whether or not this perception is correct, may damage our reputation with customers, clients, and third parties with which we do business. Hacking of confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information and identity theft risks, in particular, could cause serious reputational harm. A successful penetration or circumvention of our cybersecurity measures could cause us serious negative consequences, including: loss of customers, clients, and business opportunities; costs associated with maintaining business relationships after a cyber-attack or other information or security breach; significant business disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation, exposure, or destruction of our confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information, intellectual property, funds, and/or those of our customers or clients; or damage to our, our customers', our clients', and/or third parties' systems or infrastructure. The occurrence of any of these events could result in a violation of applicable data privacy laws and regulations and other laws and regulations, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our cybersecurity measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, additional compliance costs, and could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major cyber-attack or other information or security breach. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all or that our insurers will not deny coverage to any future claim.
 We face significant operational risks which could lead to financial loss, expensive litigation, and loss of confidence by our customers, regulators, and capital markets.
 We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of fraud or theft by colleagues or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by colleagues or outsiders, operational errors by colleagues, business disruption, and system failures. Huntington executes against a significant number of controls, a large percent of which are manual and dependent on adequate execution by colleagues and third-party service providers. There is inherent risk that unknown single points of failure through the execution chain could give rise to material loss through inadvertent errors or malicious attack. These operational risks could lead to financial loss, expensive litigation, and loss of confidence by our customers, regulators, and the capital markets.
 Moreover, negative public opinion can result from our actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including clients, products, and business practices; corporate governance; acquisitions; and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to those activities. Negative public opinion can adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers and can also expose us to litigation and regulatory action.
 Relative to acquisitions, we incur risks and challenges associated with the integration of employees, accounting systems, and technology platforms from acquired businesses and institutions in a timely and efficient manner, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in retaining existing customer relationships or achieving anticipated operating efficiencies expected from such acquisitions. Acquisitions may be subject to the receipt of approvals from certain governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve, the OCC, and the DOJ, as well as the approval of our shareholders and the shareholders of companies that we seek to acquire. These approvals for acquisitions may not be received, may take longer than expected, or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated or that could have an adverse effect on the combined company following the acquisitions. Subject to requisite regulatory approvals, future business acquisitions may result in the issuance and payment of additional shares of stock, which would dilute current shareholders' ownership interests. Additionally, acquisitions may involve the payment of a premium over book and market values. Therefore, dilution of our tangible book value and net income per common share could occur in connection with any future transaction.
 2024 Form 10-K 35

 Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could impair our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results or prevent fraud, resulting in loss of investor confidence and adversely affecting our business and our stock price.
 Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We are subject to regulation that focuses on effective internal controls and procedures. Such controls and procedures are modified, supplemented, and changed from time-to-time as necessitated by our growth and in reaction to external events and developments. Any failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could impact our ability to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis, which could result in regulatory actions, loss of investor confidence, and an adverse impact on our business and our stock price.
 We rely on quantitative models to measure risks and to estimate certain financial values.
 Quantitative models may be used to help manage certain aspects of our business and to assist with certain business decisions, including estimating expected lifetime credit losses, measuring the fair value of financial instruments when reliable market prices are unavailable, estimating the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, managing risk, and for capital planning purposes (including during the CCAR capital planning and capital adequacy process). Our measurement methodologies rely on many assumptions, historical analyses, and correlations. These assumptions may not capture or fully incorporate conditions leading to losses, particularly in times of market distress, and the historical correlations on which we rely may no longer be relevant. Additionally, as businesses and markets evolve, our measurements may not accurately reflect this evolution. Even if the underlying assumptions and historical correlations used in our models are adequate, our models may be deficient due to errors in computer code, inaccurate data, misuse of data, or the use of a model for a purpose outside the scope of the model's design.
 All models have certain limitations. Reliance on models presents the risk that our business decisions based on information incorporated from models will be adversely affected due to incorrect, missing, or misleading information. In addition, our models may not capture or fully express the risks we face, may suggest that we have sufficient capitalization when we do not, or may lead us to misjudge the business and economic environment in which we will operate. If our models fail to produce reliable results on an ongoing basis, we may not make appropriate risk management, capital planning, or other business or financial decisions. Strategies that we employ to manage and govern the risks associated with our use of models may not be effective or fully reliable. Also, information that we provide to the public or regulators based on poorly designed models could be inaccurate or misleading.
 Banking regulators continue to focus on the models used by banks and bank holding companies in their businesses. Some of our decisions that the regulators evaluate, including distributions to our shareholders, could be affected adversely due to their perception that the quality of the models used to generate the relevant information are insufficient.
 We rely on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
 We rely on third-party service providers, both domestically and offshore, to leverage subject matter expertise and industry best practice, provide enhanced products and services, and reduce costs. Although there are benefits in entering into third-party relationships with vendors and others, there are risks associated with such activities. When entering a third-party relationship, the risks associated with that activity are not passed to the third-party but remain our responsibility. The Risk Oversight Committee of the Board of Directors provides oversight related to the overall risk management process associated with third-party relationships. Management is accountable for the review and evaluation of all new and existing third-party relationships. Management is responsible for ensuring that adequate controls are in place to protect us and our customers from the risks associated with vendor relationships.
 Increased risk could occur based on poor planning, oversight, control, and inferior performance or service on the part of the third-party and may result in legal costs or loss of business. While we have implemented a vendor management program to actively manage the risks associated with the use of third-party service providers, any problems caused by third-party service providers could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and to conduct our business. Replacing a third-party service provider could also take a long period of time and result in increased expenses.
 36 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations could affect how we report our financial condition and results of operations.
 The FASB, regulatory agencies, and other bodies that establish accounting standards periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards governing the preparation of our financial statements. Additionally, those bodies that establish and interpret the accounting standards (such as the FASB, SEC, and banking regulators) may change prior interpretations or positions on how these standards should be applied.
 For further discussion, see Note 2 - " Accounting Standards Update " to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Impairment of goodwill could require charges to earnings, which could result in a negative impact on our results of operations.
 Our goodwill could become impaired in the future. If goodwill were to become impaired, it could limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to Huntington, adversely impacting Huntington liquidity and ability to pay dividends or repay debt. Assumptions affecting our goodwill impairment evaluation include earnings projections, the discount rates used in the income approach to measure fair value, and observed peer multiples used in estimating the fair value under the market approach. We are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually or when impairment indicators are present. If an impairment determination is made in a future reporting period, our earnings and book value of goodwill will be reduced by the amount of the impairment. If an impairment loss is recorded, it will have little or no impact on the tangible book value of our common stock, or our regulatory capital levels, but such an impairment loss could significantly reduce the Bank's earnings and thereby restrict the Bank's ability to make dividend payments to us without prior regulatory approval, which in turn could impact our ability to pay dividends. At December 31, 2024, the book value of our goodwill was $5.6 billion, substantially all of which was recorded at the Bank. Any such write down of goodwill or other acquisition related intangibles will reduce Huntington's earnings, as well.
 Climate change manifesting as physical or transition risks could adversely affect our operations, businesses, and customers.
 There is an increasing concern over the risks of climate change and related environmental sustainability matters. The physical risks of climate change include discrete events, such as flooding and wildfires, and longer-term shifts in climate patterns, such as extreme heat, sea level rise, and more frequent and prolonged drought. Under medium or longer-term scenarios, such events, if uninterrupted or unaddressed, could disrupt our operations or those of our customers or third parties on which we rely, including through direct damage to assets and indirect impacts from supply chain disruption and market volatility. Additionally, transitioning to a low-carbon economy may entail extensive policy, legal, technology, and market initiatives. Transition risks, including changes in consumer preferences and additional regulatory requirements or supervisory expectations or taxes, could increase our expenses and undermine our strategies. In addition, our reputation and client relationships may be damaged as a result of our practices related to climate change, including our involvement, or our customers' involvement, in certain industries or projects, in the absence of mitigation and/or transition measures, associated with causing or exacerbating climate change, as well as any decisions we make to continue to conduct or change our activities in response to considerations relating to climate change. As climate risk is interconnected with all key risk types, we have established a formal climate risk program to embed climate risk considerations into our risk management processes across all established risk pillars, such as market, credit, and operational risks. While the timing and severity of climate change may not be entirely predictable and our risk management processes may not be effective in mitigating climate risk exposure, we continue to build capabilities to identify, assess, and manage climate risks.
 2024 Form 10-K 37

 We use AI in connection with our business and operations, which exposes us to inherent risks that may expose us to material harm.
 We use AI in connection with our business and operations. AI is complex and rapidly evolving, and the introduction of AI, a relatively new and emerging technology in the early stages of commercial use, into our business and operations may subject us to new or heightened legal, regulatory, ethical, operational, reputational, or other risks. The models underlying AI may be incorrectly or inadequately designed or implemented and trained on, or otherwise use, data or algorithms that are, and output that may be, incomplete, inadequate, misleading, biased, poor-quality or otherwise flawed, any of which may not be easily detectable. Further, inappropriate or controversial data practices by developers and end-users or other factors adversely affecting public opinion of AI could impair the acceptance of AI, including those incorporated in our business and operations. If the AI that we use is deficient, inaccurate or controversial, we could incur operational inefficiencies, competitive harm, legal and regulatory action, brand or reputational harm, or other adverse impacts on our business and financial results. Further, there can be no assurance that our use of AI will be successful in enhancing our business or operations or otherwise result in our intended outcomes, and our competitors may incorporate AI into their businesses or operations more quickly or more successfully than us.
 AI and the use thereof is also subject to a variety of existing laws and regulations, including fair lending, consumer protection, intellectual property, cybersecurity, data privacy, and equal opportunity, and is expected to be subject to new laws and regulations or new applications of existing laws and regulations. AI is the subject of evolving review by various governmental and regulatory agencies, and changes in laws and regulations governing AI may adversely affect our ability to use AI. Additionally, various federal, state and foreign governments and regulators have implemented, or are considering implementing, general legal and regulatory frameworks for the appropriate use of AI. It is possible that we will not be able to anticipate how to respond to these rapidly developing laws and regulations. Further, if we do not have sufficient rights to use the data or algorithms on which our AI solutions rely or the output generated thereby, we also may incur liability through the violation of applicable laws and regulations, such as fair lending laws and regulations, third-party intellectual property, privacy or other rights, or contracts to which we are a party. We may not be able to sufficiently mitigate or detect any of the foregoing risks or concerns given our and other market participants' lack of experience with using AI, the pace of technological change, and rapid adoption of AI by our business partners and competitors. Any actual or perceived failure to address risks or concerns relating to the use of AI, whether unfounded or not, could adversely affect our business and operations.

 Compliance Risks:
 We operate in a highly regulated industry, and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and financial accounting, or reporting, including changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us and our business model.
 The banking industry is highly regulated. We are subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by various federal and state regulators, including the Federal Reserve, OCC, SEC, CFPB, FDIC, FINRA, and various state regulatory agencies. The statutory and regulatory framework that governs us is generally intended to protect depositors and customers, the DIF, the U.S. banking and financial system, and financial markets as a whole - not to protect shareholders. These laws and regulations, many of which are discussed in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters," among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on our business activities (including foreclosure and collection practices), limit the dividend or distributions that we can pay, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt, and impose certain specific accounting requirements that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than GAAP. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional compliance costs. Such regulation and supervision may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. Further, our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure was inadvertent or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, fines, and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, capital base, and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules, and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial condition.
 38 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Under the supervision of the CFPB, our consumer and business banking products and services are subject to heightened regulatory oversight and scrutiny with respect to compliance under consumer laws and regulations. We may face a greater number or wider scope of investigations, enforcement actions, and litigation in the future related to consumer practices, thereby increasing costs associated with responding to or defending such actions. Also, federal and state regulators have been increasingly focused on sales practices of branch personnel, including taking regulatory action against other financial institutions. In addition, increased regulatory inquiries and investigations, as well as any additional legislative or regulatory developments affecting our consumer businesses, and any required changes to our business operations resulting from these developments, could result in significant loss of revenue, require remuneration to our customers, trigger fines or penalties, limit the products or services we offer, limit the fees we are able to charge, require us to increase our prices and, therefore, reduce demand for our products, impose additional compliance costs on us, increase the cost of collection, cause harm to our reputation, or otherwise adversely affect our consumer businesses.
 Legislative and regulatory actions taken now or in the future that impact the financial industry may materially adversely affect us by increasing our costs, adding complexity in doing business, impeding the efficiency of our internal business processes, negatively impacting the recoverability of certain of our recorded assets, requiring us to increase our regulatory capital, limiting our ability to pursue business opportunities, and otherwise resulting in a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operation, liquidity, or stock price.
 Both the scope of the laws and regulations and the intensity of the supervision to which we are subject may increase in times of financial crisis, as well as a result of other factors such as technological and market changes. Compliance with these laws and regulations have resulted in and will continue to result in additional costs, which could be significant, and may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, if we do not appropriately comply with current or future legislation and regulations, especially those that apply to our consumer operations, which has been an area of heightened focus, we may be subject to fines, penalties or judgments, or material regulatory restrictions on our businesses, which could adversely affect operations and, in turn, financial results.
 We expect the Trump administration will seek to implement a regulatory reform agenda that is significantly different than that of the Biden administration. We expect there will be changes in rulemaking, supervision, examination, and enforcement priorities of the federal banking agencies. The evolving regulatory and supervisory environment and uncertainty about the timing and scope of future laws, regulations, and policies may contribute to decisions we may make to suspend, reduce, or withdraw from existing businesses, activities, or initiatives, which may result in potential lost revenue or significant restructuring or related costs or exposures.
 In addition, regulatory responses in connection with severe market downturns or unforeseen stress events may alter or disrupt our planned future strategies and actions. Adverse developments affecting the overall strength and soundness of other financial institutions, the financial services industry as a whole, and the general economic climate and U.S. Treasury market could have a negative impact on perceptions about the strength and soundness of our business even if we are not subject to the same adverse developments. During 2023, the FDIC took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, respectively. The failure of other banks and financial institutions and the measures taken by governments and regulators in response to these events, including increased regulatory scrutiny and heightened supervisory expectations could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
 The resolution of significant pending litigation, if unfavorable, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations for a particular period.
 We face legal risks in our businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. Substantial legal liability against us could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to us, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects. It is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the results of operations for a particular reporting period.
 For more information on litigation risks, see Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 2024 Form 10-K 39

 Noncompliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations could cause us material financial loss.
 The Bank Secrecy Act contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency provisions intended to detect and prevent the use of the U.S. financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing activities. The Bank Secrecy Act requires financial institutions to undertake activities including maintaining an anti-money laundering program, verifying the identity of clients, monitoring for and reporting suspicious transactions, reporting on cash transactions exceeding specified thresholds, and responding to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. FinCEN, a unit of the Treasury Department that administers the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with the federal bank regulatory agencies, as well as the DOJ, Drug Enforcement Administration, and IRS.
 There is also increased scrutiny of compliance with the rules enforced by the OFAC. If our policies, procedures, and systems are deemed deficient or the policies, procedures, and systems of the financial institutions that we have already acquired or may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain planned business activities, including acquisition plans, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us.
 For more information regarding the Bank Secrecy Act, Patriot Act, anti-money laundering requirements and OFAC-administered sanctions, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 Cybersecurity and data privacy are areas of heightened legislative and regulatory focus.
 As cybersecurity and data privacy risks for banking organizations and the broader financial system have significantly increased in recent years, cybersecurity and data privacy issues have become the subject of increasing legislative and regulatory focus. For example, the federal bank regulatory agencies (namely, the Federal Reserve, FDIC and OCC) have proposed regulations that would enhance cyber risk management standards, which would apply to a wide range of large financial institutions and their third-party service providers, including us and the Bank, and would focus on cyber risk governance and management, management of internal and external dependencies, incident response, cyber resilience, and situational awareness. Although the FDIC and OCC each withdrew this proposal, the Federal Reserve has not withdrawn its propose and may still propose such a rule. For more information regarding applicable cybersecurity and data privacy legislation and regulations, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."
 We share, use, collect, disclose and otherwise process personal information of our customers and counterparties, including, but not limited to, personal financial information. The sharing, use, collection, disclosure, and other processing of these types of information are governed by increasingly stringent and evolving legislation and regulations, the intent of which is to protect the privacy of personal information, including personal financial information. We may become subject to new legislation or regulations concerning cybersecurity and data privacy. We could be adversely affected if new legislation or regulations are adopted or if existing legislation or regulations are modified such that we are required to change our business practices, policies, or systems or otherwise incur significant additional costs and expenses in order to comply.
 Further, we make public statements about our sharing, use, collection, disclosure, and other processing of personal information through our privacy policies, information provided on our website, and press statements. Although we endeavor to comply with our public statements and documentation, we may at times fail to do so or be alleged to have failed to do so. Our public statements and documentation that provide promises and assurances about cybersecurity and data privacy can subject us to potential government or legal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresent our actual practices.
 40 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 If cybersecurity or data privacy legislation or regulations are implemented, interpreted, or applied in a manner inconsistent with our current practices, or if we fail to comply (or are perceived to have failed to comply) with applicable legislation and regulation relating to cybersecurity and data privacy, we may be subject to fines, civil or criminal penalties, sanctions, litigation (including class actions), investigations or inquiries, or regulatory enforcement actions or ordered to change our business practices, policies, or systems in a manner that adversely impacts our operating results.

 Strategic Risks:
 We operate in a highly competitive industry which depends on our ability to successfully execute our strategic plan and adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and consumer preferences.
 We are subject to intense competition from both other financial institutions and from non-bank entities, including FinTech companies. Technology has lowered the barriers to entry, with customers having a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives, such as crowdfunding, digital wallets, cryptocurrencies, and money transfer services. The continuous widespread adoption of new technologies, including internet services and mobile applications, and advanced ATM functionality, is influencing how individuals and firms conduct their financial affairs and is changing the delivery channels for financial services. Our "People-First, Customer-Centered" strategic plan considers the implications of these changes in technology and how it may impact our customers. Additionally, these changes require us to adapt our product and services, as well as our distribution of them, to evolving industry standards and customer preferences. Failure to address competitive pressures could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers across our businesses.
 Our success depends, in part, on our ability to successfully implement our strategic plan as well as adapt existing products and services and develop competitive new products and services demanded by our customers. The widespread adoption of technologies will continue to require substantial investments to modify or adapt existing products and services and to develop new product or services. Additionally, we may not be successful in executing our strategic plan, introducing new products or services, achieving market acceptance of new product or services, anticipating or reacting to customers changing preferences, or attracting and retaining loyal customers.
 We depend on our executive officers and key personnel to continue the implementation of our long-term business strategy and could be harmed by the loss of their services.
 We believe that our continued growth and future success will depend in large part on the skills of our management team and our ability to motivate and retain these individuals and other key personnel. The loss of service of one or more of our executive officers or key personnel could reduce our ability to successfully implement our long-term business strategy, our business could suffer, and the value of our stock could be materially adversely affected. Leadership changes will occur from time to time, and we cannot predict whether significant resignations will occur or whether we will be able to recruit additional qualified personnel. We believe our management team possesses valuable knowledge about the banking industry and that their knowledge and relationships would be very difficult to replicate. Our success also depends on the experience of our branch managers and lending officers and on their relationships with the customers and communities they serve. The loss of these key personnel could negatively impact our banking operations. The loss of key personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
 2024 Form 10-K 41

 Bank regulations regarding capital and liquidity, including the CCAR assessment process and the U.S. Basel III capital and liquidity standards, could require higher levels of capital and liquidity. Among other things, these regulations could impact our ability to pay common stock dividends, repurchase common stock, attract cost-effective sources of deposits, or require the retention of higher amounts of low yielding securities.
 The Federal Reserve administers CCAR, a periodic forward-looking quantitative assessment of Huntington's capital adequacy and planned capital distributions and a review of the strength of Huntington's practices to assess capital needs. The Federal Reserve makes a quantitative assessment of capital based on supervisory-run stress tests that assess the ability to maintain capital levels above each minimum regulatory capital ratio after making all capital actions included in Huntington's capital plan, under baseline and stressful conditions throughout a nine-quarter planning horizon. The CCAR process is also used to determine Huntington's SCB requirement. There can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve or OCC will respond favorably to our capital plans, planned capital actions, or stress test results, and the Federal Reserve, OCC, or other regulatory capital requirements may limit or otherwise restrict how we utilize our capital, including common stock dividends and stock repurchases.
 We are also required to maintain minimum capital ratios and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that Huntington and/or the Bank, based on size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain capital ratios above these minimums in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. In the event we are required to raise capital to maintain required minimum capital and leverage ratios or ratios above the required applicable minimums, we may be forced to do so when market conditions are undesirable or on terms that are less favorable to us than we would otherwise require. Furthermore, in order to prevent becoming subject to restrictions on our ability to distribute capital or make certain discretionary bonus payments to management, the Bank must maintain a CCB of 2.5%, and Huntington must maintain the applicable SCB determined as part of the CCAR process, which are in addition to our required minimum capital ratios.
 We also face the risk of becoming subject to new or more stringent requirements in connection with the introduction of new regulations or modification of existing regulations, which could require us to hold more capital or liquidity or have other adverse effects on our businesses or profitability. For example, proposed changes to applicable capital and liquidity requirements, such as the Basel III Endgame Proposal and the long-term debt proposal, could result in increased expenses or cost of funding, which could negatively affect our financial results or our ability to pay dividends and engage in share repurchases.
 For more information regarding CCAR, stress testing, and capital and liquidity requirements, refer to Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters."

 Reputation Risk:
 Damage to our reputation could significantly harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
 Our ability to attract and retain customers, clients, investors, and employees is affected by our reputation. Significant harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including officer, director, or employee misconduct, actual or perceived unethical behavior, conflicts of interest, security breaches, litigation or regulatory outcomes, compensation practices, failing to deliver minimum or required standards of service and quality, failing to address customer and agency complaints, compliance failures, unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, destruction or other processing of confidential, proprietary, personal, and other information due to cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, disruptions, compromises or failures of our systems or infrastructure, perception of our corporate responsibility or environmental practices and disclosures, and the activities of our clients, customers, and counterparties, including vendors. Reputation risk related to corporate policies and practices on corporate responsibility and ESG topics is increasingly complex. Divergent ideological and social views may create competing stakeholder, legislative, and regulatory scrutiny that may impact our reputation or operations. In particular, there is an increasing number of state-level anti-ESG initiatives in the U.S. that may conflict with other regulatory requirements or our various stakeholders' expectations. Such divergent, sometimes conflicting, views on corporate responsibility and ESG-related matters increase the risk that any action or lack thereof by us on such matters will be perceived negatively by some stakeholders. Actions by the financial service industry generally or by institutions or individuals in the industry can adversely affect our reputation indirectly by association. In addition, adverse publicity or negative information posted on social media, whether or not factually correct, may affect our business prospects. All of these could adversely affect our growth, results of operation, and financial condition.
 42 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments
 None.

 Item 1C: Cybersecurity
 Cybersecurity represents an important component of Huntington's overall cross-functional approach to risk management. Our cybersecurity practices are integrated into Huntington's ERM approach, and cybersecurity risks are among the core enterprise risks identified for oversight by our Board through our annual ERM assessment. See " Risk Factors—Operational Risks " for information on risks from cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity policies and practices are designed to follow the cybersecurity framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other applicable industry standards.
 Consistent with Huntington's overall ERM policies and practices, our cybersecurity program includes:
 • Vigilance: We maintain a global cybersecurity threat operation designed to detect, contain, and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents in a prompt and effective manner with the goal of minimizing disruptions, compromises, and failures to our business.
 • Collaboration: We have established collaboration mechanisms with public and private entities, including intelligence and enforcement agencies, industry groups, and third-party service providers to identify and assess cybersecurity risks.
 • Systems Safeguards: We deploy technical safeguards that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality, access controls, and ongoing vulnerability assessments.
 • Third-Party Management: We maintain a risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, such as vendors, service providers, and other users of our systems.
 • Education: We provide periodic and ongoing training for personnel regarding cybersecurity threats, with such training scaled to reflect the roles, responsibilities, and access of relevant personnel.
 • Incident Response Planning: We have established and maintain incident response plans that are designed to address our response to a cybersecurity incident, and such plans are tested at least annually, or more frequently as needed.
 • Communication and Coordination: We utilize a cross-functional approach to evaluating the risk from cybersecurity threats and incidents, involving management personnel from our technology, operations, legal, risk management, internal audit, and other key business functions, as well as members of our Board and the Technology Committee of the Board (the "Technology Committee").
 • Governance: The Board's oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the Technology Committee, which has responsibility for the development, implementation, maintenance, and risk management of the cybersecurity program and regularly interacts with Huntington's ERM function, individual members of management, and relevant management committees.
 A key part of Huntington's strategy for managing risks from cybersecurity threats is the ongoing assessment and testing of our processes and practices through auditing, assessments, tabletop exercises, and other exercises focused on evaluating effectiveness. We regularly engage third parties to perform assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including cybersecurity maturity assessments, and independent reviews of our cybersecurity control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments and reviews are reported to the Technology Committee and the Board when appropriate, and we adjust our cybersecurity processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by the third-party assessments and reviews.
 2024 Form 10-K 43

 The Technology Committee oversees the management of risks from cybersecurity threats, including the policies, processes and practices that management implements to address risks from cybersecurity threats. The Board and the Technology Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on cybersecurity risks which address a wide range of topics including, for example, recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends, and cybersecurity considerations arising with respect to peers and vendors. The Board and the Technology Committee are notified by the CEO regarding the occurrence of any potentially material cybersecurity incidents, including ongoing updates, when applicable. To keep the Technology Committee apprised of the continually shifting landscape, the Chief Information Security Officer provides updates to the Technology Committee on cybersecurity matters on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently as necessary. The entire Board also participates in periodic cyber-related tabletop exercises.
 Huntington's Chief Information Security Officer is a member of our Technology Risk Committee, a management-level committee that is principally responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity risk management program, in partnership with other business leaders across Huntington. The Chief Information Security Officer also works with members of the ELT, which includes our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer, and General Counsel.
 The Chief Information Security Officer works collaboratively across Huntington to implement a program designed to identify and protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents. To facilitate this program, multi-disciplinary teams throughout Huntington are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with Huntington's incident response plan. Through ongoing communications with these multi-disciplinary teams and across Huntington, the Chief Information Security Officer regularly monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents on an ongoing basis, and reports such threats and incidents to the CEO, who then reports to the Technology Committee and the Board when appropriate, as discussed above.
 We believe our Board and management, including the Chief Information Security Officer, have the appropriate expertise, background, and depth of experience to manage risks arising from cybersecurity threats, including applicable knowledge gained through industry experience, academia, ongoing internal and external training, and regular discussions with consultants and peers with applicable knowledge and expertise. In addition, members of our Board and management hold varying levels of relevant cybersecurity certifications.

 Item 2: Properties

 Our headquarters, as well as the Bank's, is located in the Huntington Center, a thirty-seven story office building located in Columbus, Ohio. Of the building's total office space available, we lease approximately 22%. The lease term expires in 2030, with six five-year renewal options for up to 30 years but with no purchase option. The Bank has an indirect minority equity interest of 18% in the building. Our commercial headquarters is located in the Detroit Tower, a twenty story office building, located in Detroit, Michigan. We lease the entirety of the building's total office space available. The lease term expires in 2044, with four seven-year renewal options for up to 28 years with no purchase option. The Bank has no ownership interest in the building.
 We own or lease numerous other premises for use in conducting business activities, including operations centers, offices, and branches and other facilities. We consider the facilities owned or occupied under lease by our subsidiaries to be adequate for the purposes of our business operations. Additional information regarding our properties is set forth in Note 8 - " Premises and Equipment " and Note 9 - " Operating Leases " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated into this item by reference.

 Item 3: Legal Proceedings
 Information required by this item is set forth in Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Litigation and Regulatory Matters" and is incorporated into this Item by reference.

 Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
 Not applicable.
 44 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Item 5: Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 The common stock of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated is traded on the Nasdaq Global Stock Market under the symbol "HBAN." As of January 31, 2025, we had 28,217 shareholders of record.
 Information regarding restrictions on dividends, as required by this Item, is set forth in Item 1: "Business - Regulatory Matters " and in Note 22 - " Other Regulatory Matters " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and incorporated into this Item by reference.
 The following graph shows the changes, over the five-year period, in the value of $100 invested in (i) shares of Huntington's Common Stock; (ii) the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (the S&P 500 Index) and (iii) Keefe, Bruyette & Woods (KBW) Bank Index, for the period December 31, 2019, through December 31, 2024. The KBW Bank Index is a market capitalization-weighted bank stock index published by Keefe, Bruyette & Woods. The index is composed of the largest banking companies and includes all money center banks and many regional banks, including Huntington. An investment of $100 on December 31, 2019, and the reinvestment of all dividends, are assumed. The plotted points represent the cumulative total return on the last trading day of the fiscal year indicated.

 2019
 2020
 2021
 2022
 2023
 2024

 HBAN
 $100
 $89
 $113
 $108
 $103
 $138

 S&P 500

 KBW Bank Index

 For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under Huntington's equity compensation plans, see Part III, Item 12.

 Item 6:
 [Reserved]

 2024 Form 10-K 45

 Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 INTRODUCTION
 This MD&A provides information we believe necessary for understanding our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and other information contained in this report. The forward-looking statements in this section and other parts of this report involve assumptions, risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including statements regarding our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and financial performance. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors set forth under the caption "Forward-Looking Statements" and those set forth in Item 1A.

 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
 Acquisitions and Divestitures
 In March 2023, Huntington completed the sale of the RPS business and entered into an ongoing partnership with the purchaser. The sale of our RPS business resulted in a $57 million gain recorded within other noninterest income.
 In June 2022, Huntington completed the acquisition of Capstone Partners, a top tier middle market investment bank and advisory firm. The transaction brought a national scale to serve middle market business owners throughout the corporate lifecycle, building on Huntington's regional banking foundation. Capstone Partners related revenue, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raising, and other advisory-related fees, is recognized within capital markets and advisory fees in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 In May 2022, Huntington completed the acquisition of Digital Payments Torana, Inc., now known as Huntington ChoicePay, a digital payments business focused on business to consumer payments. This acquisition, along with the formation of our enterprise-wide payments group, reflects one of our strategic priorities to accelerate our payments capabilities and expand the services provided to our customers.
 Reporting Update
 During the fourth quarter of 2024, Huntington updated the presentation of our reported deposit categories to align more closely with how we strategically manage our business. As a result, we now report our deposit composition in the following categories: (1) demand deposits - noninterest bearing, (2) demand deposits - interest bearing, (3) money market, (4) savings, and (5) time deposits. Prior period results have been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.
 46 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 2024 Financial Performance Review
 Selected Financial Data

 Table 1 - Selected Year to Date Income Statement Data

 Change from 2022

 (amounts in millions, except per share data)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 Interest income
 $
 9,921
 $
 1,005
 %
 $
 8,916
 $
 2,947
 %
 $
 5,969

 Interest expense
 4,576
 1,099
 3,477
 2,781

 5,345
 (94)
 (2)
 5,439
 5,273

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses
 4,925
 (112)
 (2)
 5,037
 4,984

 2,040
 1,921
 (60)
 (3)
 1,981

 Noninterest expense
 4,562
 (12)
 —
 4,574
 4,201

 Income before income taxes
 2,403
 2,384
 (380)
 (14)
 2,764

 (102)
 (20)

 Income after income taxes
 1,960
 (11)
 (1)
 1,971
 (278)
 (12)
 2,249

 —
 —

 1,940
 (11)
 (1)
 1,951
 (287)
 (13)
 2,238

 Dividends on preferred shares
 (8)
 (6)

 Impact of preferred stock redemptions and repurchases

 NM
 (8)
 (8)
 NM
 —

 Net income applicable to common shares
 $
 1,801
 $
 (16)
 (1)
 %
 $
 1,817
 $
 (308)
 (14)
 %
 $
 2,125

 Average common shares—basic
 1,451
 —
 %
 1,446
 —
 %
 1,441

 Average common shares—diluted
 1,476
 1,468
 —
 1,465

 Net income per common share—basic
 $
 1.24
 $
 (0.02)
 (2)
 $
 1.26
 $
 (0.21)
 (14)
 $
 1.47

 Net income per common share—diluted
 1.22
 (0.02)
 (2)
 1.24
 (0.21)
 (14)
 1.45

 Cash dividends declared

 0.62
 —
 —
 0.62
 —
 —
 0.62

 Return on average total assets

 0.99
 %
 1.04
 %
 1.25
 %

 Return on average common shareholders' equity

 10.4
 11.2
 13.2

 Return on average tangible common shareholders' equity (1)

 15.7
 17.6
 20.7

 Net interest margin (2)

 3.00
 3.19
 3.25

 Efficiency ratio (3)

 60.5
 61.0
 56.9

 Revenue and Net Interest Income—FTE (Non-GAAP)

 $
 5,345
 $
 (94)
 (2)
 %
 $
 5,439
 $
 %
 $
 5,273

 FTE adjustment (2)

 Net interest income, FTE (non-GAAP)(2)

 5,398
 (83)
 (2)
 5,481
 5,304

 2,040
 1,921
 (60)
 (3)
 1,981

 Total revenue, FTE (non-GAAP)(2)

 $
 7,438
 $
 —
 %
 $
 7,402
 $
 %
 $
 7,285

 (1) Net income applicable to common shares excluding expense for amortization of intangibles for the period divided by average tangible common shareholders' equity. Average tangible common shareholders' equity equals average total common shareholders' equity less average intangible assets and goodwill. Expense for amortization of intangibles and average assets are net of deferred tax liability and calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (2) On an FTE basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (3) Noninterest expense less amortization of intangibles divided by the sum of FTE net interest income and noninterest income excluding securities gains.
 2024 Form 10-K 47

 Summary of Results
 In 2024, we reported net income of $1.9 billion, or $1.22 per diluted common share, compared with net income in 2023 of $2.0 billion, or $1.24 per diluted common share. The current year reported net income was negatively impacted by additional expense attributable to the FDIC DIF special assessment totaling $28 million, or $23 million after tax ($0.02 per common share), and $20 million, or $16 million after tax ($0.01 per common share), of expense from staffing efficiencies and corporate real estate consolidation expense. The prior year's reported net income was negatively impacted by the initial recognition of the FDIC DIF special assessment totaling $214 million, or $169 million after tax ($0.11 per common share), and $69 million, or $55 million after tax ($0.04 per common share), of expense from staffing efficiencies and corporate real estate consolidation expense.
 Net interest income was $5.3 billion in 2024, a decrease of $94 million, or 2%, from 2023. FTE net interest income, a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased $83 million, or 2%, from 2023. The decrease in FTE net interest income reflected a 19 basis point decrease in the FTE NIM to 3.00% and a $12.2 billion, or 9%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a $8.2 billion, or 5%, increase in average earning assets. The NIM compression was primarily due to the higher rate environment driving a higher cost of funds, partially offset by an increase in loans and leases and investment security yields.
 The provision for credit losses increased $18 million, or 4%, to $420 million for 2024. The ACL was $2.4 billion, or 1.88% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2024, compared to $2.4 billion, or 1.97% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2023. The modest increase in the total ACL was driven by a combination of loan and lease growth and increased net charge off activity in 2024, mostly offset by a decrease in the overall coverage ratios in 2024 that is reflective of the current macroeconomic environment.
 Noninterest income of $2.0 billion, increased $119 million, or 6%, from the prior year, primarily due to increases in capital markets and advisory fees, wealth and asset management revenue, payments and cash management revenue, customer deposit and loan fees, and mortgage banking income, and $24 million of unfavorable mark-to-market on the pay-fixed swaptions program recognized in 2023, partially offset by a decrease in leasing revenue and a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business recognized in 2023. Noninterest expense of $4.6 billion, decreased $12 million from the prior year primarily due to a reduction in the FDIC DIF special assessment of $186 million and lower staffing efficiencies and corporate real estate consolidation expense, partially offset by current year increases in personnel expense and outside data processing and other services.
 Consolidated Balance Sheet and Capital Ratios
 Total assets at December 31, 2024 were $204.2 billion, an increase of $14.9 billion, or 8%, compared to December 31, 2023. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by increases in loans and leases of $8.1 billion, or 7%, interest-earning deposits with banks of $2.9 billion, or 33%, and total securities of $2.6 billion, or 6%. Total liabilities at December 31, 2024 were $184.4 billion, an increase of $14.5 billion, or 9%, compared to December 31, 2023. The increase in total liabilities was primarily driven by increases in total deposits of $11.2 billion, or 7%, and long-term debt of $4.0 billion, or 32%.
 The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 6.1% at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with an increase in tangible common equity offset by an increase in tangible assets. The CET1 risk-based capital ratio was 10.5% at December 31, 2024, up from 10.2% at December 31, 2023. The increase in CET1 was primarily due to current period earnings, net of dividends, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets and a reduction in the CECL transitional amount. The increase in risk-weighted assets was driven by loan growth, partially offset by the capital benefit of two CLN transactions completed during 2024.
 48 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Business Overview
 General
 Our general business objectives are to:
 • Deliver our Culture, Purpose, and Vision through a Differentiated Operating Model;
 • Build on our vision to be the leading People-First, Customer-Centered bank in the country;
 • Deliver top quartile performance through sustainable long-term profitable growth;
 • Differentiate our culture, brand, and customer experience through expanded product offerings to drive digital acquisition, deepening, and retention, and leveraging partnerships and technology to grow customers and market share;
 • Leverage our regional banking model and national franchise to drive scale, growth and expansion;
 • Anticipate evolving customer needs to drive profitable growth;
 • Maintain positive operating leverage and execute disciplined capital management; and
 • Provide stability and resilience through disciplined risk management, while maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite.
 Our 2024 results reflect strong organic growth, across both loans and deposits, supported by the combination of existing and new businesses. Driven by our strong liquidity, capital, and credit, we invested in building existing business relationships, while expanding capabilities and expertise through both geographic expansion and the addition of new commercial verticals. Credit continues to perform well, consistent with our aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite. We remain focused on delivering profitable growth and driving value for our shareholders, and believe Huntington is positioned to perform well through the dynamic environment.
 Economy
 The rate cutting cycle began in 2024, with a September 50 basis point cut and two fourth quarter 25 basis point cuts, bringing the cumulative amount of rate cuts to 100 basis points since the September FOMC meeting. Inflation is still not within the Federal Reserve's 2% target and has recently stopped trending lower. Employment data has stabilized after showing notable deterioration in early and mid-2024. The unemployment rate started the year at 3.8% and ended at 4.1%, holding relatively flat throughout the second half of 2024. Taking these factors into consideration, recent commentary from Federal Reserve members has been more neutral and suggesting it may be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to hold interest rates at current levels, with limited rate cuts expected in 2025.
 Recent economic data has been mixed. The services sector continues to expand and prices paid for services remains high, which has been the main driver to overall inflation remaining elevated. Retail sales have held up well, while manufacturing remains weak and is generally still slowly contracting. Expectations are for the economy to hold up well for the first half of 2025, with more risks of a potential slowdown in the back half of the year.
 Legislative and Regulatory
 A comprehensive discussion of legislative and regulatory matters affecting us can be found in Item 1: Business - " Regulatory Matters " section of this Form 10-K.
 2024 Form 10-K 49

 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 This section provides a review of financial performance on a consolidated basis. Key consolidated balance sheet and income statement trends are discussed. All earnings per share data are reported on a diluted basis. For additional insight on financial performance, please read this section in conjunction with the " Business Segment Discussion."
 For a discussion of our results of operations for 2023 versus 2022, see "Part II, Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" Discussion of Results of Operations included in our 2023 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024.
 Average Balance Sheet / Net Interest Income
 Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from earning assets (primarily loans and leases and securities), and interest expense from funding sources (primarily interest-bearing deposits and borrowings). Earning asset balances and related funding sources, as well as changes in the levels of interest rates, impact net interest income. The difference between the average yield on earning assets and the average rate paid for interest-bearing liabilities is the net interest spread. Noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as demand deposits and shareholders' equity, also support earning assets. The impact of the noninterest-bearing sources of funds, often referred to as "free" funds, is captured in the net interest margin, which is calculated as net interest income divided by average earning assets. Both the net interest margin and net interest spread are presented on an FTE basis, which means that tax-free interest income has been adjusted to a pretax equivalent income, assuming a 21% tax rate. Information related to major components of our net interest income (FTE) and related yields are presented on the following table.

 50 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 2 - Consolidated Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Margin Analysis

 2024
 2023

 Interest Income/Expense

 Yield/
 Interest Income/ Expense

 Yield/
 Change in Average Balances

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Assets:

 Interest-earning deposits with banks
 $
 11,113
 $
 5.38
 %
 $
 9,309
 $
 5.30
 %
 $
 1,804
 %

 Securities:

 5.04
 5.14

 Taxable
 24,232
 1,251
 5.16
 20,539
 1,016
 4.95
 3,693

 Tax-exempt
 2,779
 5.08
 2,720
 4.84

 27,011
 1,392
 5.15
 23,259
 1,148
 4.93
 3,752

 Held-to-maturity securities—taxable
 15,478
 2.49
 16,507
 2.43
 (1,029)
 (6)

 5.33
 5.70
 (144)
 (15)

 Total securities
 43,543
 1,832
 4.21
 40,776
 1,606
 3.94
 2,767

 6.63
 6.34

 Loans and leases: (3)

 52,426
 3,321
 6.33
 49,640
 2,991
 6.03
 2,786

 11,935
 7.60
 13,140
 7.40
 (1,205)
 (9)

 5,190
 6.47
 5,128
 5.63

 69,551
 4,564
 6.56
 67,908
 4,252
 6.26
 1,643

 23,956
 3.94
 22,990
 3.59

 13,372
 5.43
 12,881
 4.36

 10,088
 7.73
 10,156
 7.48
 (68)
 (1)

 5,979
 5.19
 5,650
 4.79

 1,557
 11.61
 1,362
 11.53

 54,952
 2,940
 5.35
 53,039
 2,573
 4.85
 1,913

 124,503
 7,504
 6.03
 120,947
 6,825
 5.64
 3,556

 Total earning assets
 179,756
 9,974
 5.55
 171,586
 8,958
 5.22
 8,170

 Cash and due from banks
 1,397
 1,576
 (179)
 (11)

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 5,680
 5,731
 (51)
 (1)

 All other assets
 9,427
 8,663

 $
 196,260
 $
 187,556
 $
 8,704
 %

 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

 Interest-bearing deposits:

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 $
 40,401
 $
 2.12
 %
 $
 39,901
 $
 1.76
 %
 $
 %

 Money market deposits
 54,702
 1,994
 3.64
 44,958
 1,365
 3.04
 9,744

 Savings deposits
 15,141
 0.10
 17,502
 0.02
 (2,361)
 (13)

 Time deposits
 15,343
 4.60
 11,042
 3.86
 4,301

 Total interest-bearing deposits
 125,587
 3,572
 2.84
 113,403
 2,497
 2.20
 12,184

 1,147
 5.99
 3,081
 5.81
 (1,934)
 (63)

 15,224
 6.14
 13,324
 6.01
 1,900

 Total interest-bearing liabilities
 141,958
 4,576
 3.22
 129,808
 3,477
 2.68
 12,150

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 29,479
 33,985
 (4,506)
 (13)

 All other liabilities
 5,123
 5,080

 176,560
 168,873
 7,687

 Total Huntington shareholders' equity

 19,651
 18,634
 1,017

 Non-controlling interest
 —
 —

 Total equity
 19,700
 18,683
 1,017

 Total liabilities and equity

 $
 196,260
 $
 187,556
 $
 8,704
 %

 Net interest rate spread
 2.33
 2.54

 Impact of noninterest-bearing funds on NIM

 0.67
 0.65

 NII/NIM (FTE)

 $
 5,398
 3.00
 %
 $
 5,481
 3.19
 %

 (1)FTE yields are calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Yield/rates include the impact of applicable derivatives. Loan and lease and deposit average yield/rates also include impact of applicable non-deferrable and amortized fees.
 (3)For purposes of this analysis, NALs are reflected in the average balances of loans and leases.
 2024 Form 10-K 51

 Table 2 - Consolidated Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Margin Analysis (Continued)

 2023
 2022

 Interest Income/ Expense

 Yield/
 Interest Income/ Expense

 Yield/
 Change in Average Balances

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Balances
 (FTE) (1)

 Rate (2)

 Assets:

 Interest-earning deposits with banks
 $
 9,309
 $
 5.30
 %
 $
 4,852
 $
 1.70
 %
 $
 4,457
 %

 Securities:

 5.14
 4.14

 Taxable
 20,539
 1,016
 4.95
 21,994
 2.62
 (1,455)
 (7)

 Tax-exempt
 2,720
 4.84
 2,842
 3.32
 (122)
 (4)

 23,259
 1,148
 4.93
 24,836
 2.70
 (1,577)
 (6)

 Held-to-maturity securities—taxable
 16,507
 2.43
 16,509
 2.13
 (2)
 —

 5.70
 3.16

 Total securities
 40,776
 1,606
 3.94
 42,222
 1,049
 2.48
 (1,446)
 (3)

 6.34
 4.24
 (419)
 (43)

 Loans and leases: (3)

 49,640
 2,991
 6.03
 45,362
 1,956
 4.31
 4,278

 13,140
 7.40
 13,524
 4.45
 (384)
 (3)

 5,128
 5.63
 4,974
 5.04

 67,908
 4,252
 6.26
 63,860
 2,809
 4.40
 4,048

 22,990
 3.59
 20,907
 3.16
 2,083

 12,881
 4.36
 13,454
 3.51
 (573)
 (4)

 10,156
 7.48
 10,409
 5.11
 (253)
 (2)

 5,650
 4.79
 5,322
 4.26

 1,362
 11.53
 1,314
 9.51

 53,039
 2,573
 4.85
 51,406
 2,018
 3.92
 1,633

 120,947
 6,825
 5.64
 115,266
 4,827
 4.19
 5,681

 Total earning assets
 171,586
 8,958
 5.22
 163,313
 6,000
 3.67
 8,273

 Cash and due from banks
 1,576
 1,666
 (90)
 (5)

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 5,731
 5,688

 All other assets
 8,663
 8,101

 $
 187,556
 $
 178,768
 $
 8,788
 %

 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:

 Interest-bearing deposits:

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 $
 39,901
 $
 1.76
 %
 $
 41,779
 $
 0.38
 %
 $
 (1,878)
 (4)
 %

 Money market deposits
 44,958
 1,365
 3.04
 37,555
 0.50
 7,403

 Savings deposits
 17,502
 0.02
 20,619
 0.01
 (3,117)
 (15)

 Time deposits
 11,042
 3.86
 3,385
 0.45
 7,657

 Total interest-bearing deposits
 113,403
 2,497
 2.20
 103,338
 0.35
 10,065

 3,081
 5.81
 2,485
 1.86

 13,324
 6.01
 8,724
 3.29
 4,600

 Total interest-bearing liabilities
 129,808
 3,477
 2.68
 114,547
 0.61
 15,261

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 33,985
 41,574
 (7,589)
 (18)

 All other liabilities
 5,080
 4,353

 168,873
 160,474
 8,399

 Total Huntington shareholders' equity

 18,634
 18,263

 Non-controlling interest

 Total equity
 18,683
 18,294

 Total liabilities and equity

 $
 187,556
 $
 178,768
 $
 8,788
 %

 Net interest rate spread
 2.54
 3.06

 Impact of noninterest-bearing funds on NIM

 0.65
 0.19

 NII/NIM (FTE)

 $
 5,481
 3.19
 %
 $
 5,304
 3.25
 %

 (1)FTE yields are calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Yield/rates include the impact of applicable derivatives. Loan and lease and deposit average yield/rates also include impact of applicable non-deferrable and amortized fees.
 (3)For purposes of this analysis, NALs are reflected in the average balances of loans and leases.
 52 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table shows changes in fully-taxable equivalent interest income, interest expense, and net interest income due to volume and rate variances for major categories of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

 Table 3 - Change in Net Interest Income Due to Changes in Average Volume and Interest Rates (1)

 2024
 2023

 Increase (Decrease) From
Previous Year Due To
 Increase (Decrease) From
Previous Year Due To

 FTE basis (2)
 Volume
 Yield/Rate

 Total
 Volume
 Yield/Rate

 Total

 Loans and leases
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,750
 $
 1,998

 Investment securities
 (38)

 Other earning assets

 Total interest income from earning assets
 1,016
 2,619
 2,958

 1,075
 2,095
 2,134

 (116)
 (110)

 Total interest expense of interest-bearing liabilities
 1,099
 2,529
 2,781

 $
 $
 (214)
 $
 (83)
 $
 $
 $

 (1)The change in interest income or expense due to both rate and volume has been allocated between the factors in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
 (2)Calculated assuming a 21% tax rate.
 Net Interest Income
 Net interest income for 2024 was $5.3 billion, a decrease of $94 million, or 2%, from 2023. FTE net interest income, a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased $83 million, or 2%, from 2023. The decrease in FTE net interest income reflected a 19 basis point decrease in the FTE NIM to 3.00% and a $12.2 billion, or 9%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a $8.2 billion, or 5%, increase in average earning assets. The NIM compression was primarily due to the higher rate environment driving a higher cost of funds, partially offset by an increase in loans and leases and investment security yields.
 Average Balance Sheet
 Average assets for 2024 were $196.3 billion, an increase of $8.7 billion, or 5%, from 2023, primarily due to an increase in average loans and leases of $3.6 billion, or 3%, total securities of $2.8 billion, or 7%, and interest-earning deposits with banks of $1.8 billion, or 19%. The increase in average loans and leases included growth in average consumer loans of $1.9 billion, or 4%, and average commercial loans and leases of $1.6 billion, or 2%.
 Average liabilities for 2024 were $176.6 billion, an increase of $7.7 billion, or 5%, from 2023, primarily due to an increase in average deposits of $7.7 billion, or 5%, driven by an increase in average interest-bearing deposits of $12.2 billion, or 11%, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits of $4.5 billion, or 13%. The increase in average interest-bearing deposits was driven by increases in average money market deposits and time deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average savings deposits.
 Average shareholders' equity for 2024 was $19.7 billion, an increase of $1.0 billion, or 5%, from 2023, primarily due to earnings, net of dividends, and the benefit from a decrease in average accumulated other comprehensive loss.

 Provision for Credit Losses
 (This section should be read in conjunction with the " Credit Risk " section.)
 The provision for credit losses is the expense necessary to maintain the ACL at levels appropriate to absorb our estimate of credit losses expected over the life of the loan and lease portfolio, securities portfolio, and unfunded lending commitments.
 The provision for credit losses in 2024 was $420 million, an increase of $18 million, or 4%, from 2023. The increase in provision expense over the prior year was driven by a combination of current year loan and lease growth and increased net charge off activity in 2024. These increases were largely offset by a modest reduction in overall coverage ratios in 2024 that is reflective of the current macroeconomic environment.
 2024 Form 10-K 53

 The following table presents components of the provision for credit losses.

 Table 4 - Provision for Credit Losses

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Provision for loan and lease losses
 $
 $
 $

 Provision (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments

 (5)

 Provision for securities
 —

 Total provision for credit losses
 $
 $
 $

 Noninterest Income
 The following table reflects noninterest income for each of the periods presented.

 Table 5 - Noninterest Income

 Change from 2022

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 $
 %
 $
 $
 %
 $

 (38)
 (11)

 (17)
 (6)

 (35)
 (24)

 (33)
 (29)
 (14)
 (11)

 (5)
 (6)

 Net gains (losses) on sales of securities
 (21)
 (14)
 NM
 (7)
 (7)
 NM
 —

 (30)
 (19)

 $
 2,040
 $
 %
 $
 1,921
 $
 (60)
 (3)
 %
 $
 1,981

 Noninterest income was $2.0 billion, an increase of $119 million, or 6%, from the prior year. Capital markets and advisory fees increased $79 million, or 32%, primarily due to higher advisory and underwriting fees. Wealth and asset management revenue increased $36 million, or 11%, reflecting an increase in assets under management. Payments and cash management revenue increased $35 million, or 6%, reflecting higher card and merchant acquiring transaction revenue. Customer deposit and loan fees increased $22 million, or 7%, primarily reflecting higher deposit fees. Mortgage banking income increased $21 million, or 19%, largely reflecting an increase in saleable spreads. Partially offsetting these increases, leasing revenue decreased $33 million, or 29%, driven by lower income on terminated leases and operating lease income. Other noninterest income decreased $30 million, or 19%, primarily due to items recognized in 2023, including a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business and $24 million of unfavorable mark-to-market on the pay-fixed swaptions program.

 54 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Noninterest Expense

 The following table reflects noninterest expense for each of the periods presented.

 Table 6 - Noninterest Expense

 Change from 2022

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Personnel costs
 $
 2,701
 $
 %
 $
 2,529
 $
 %
 $
 2,401

 Outside data processing and other services
 (5)
 (1)

 Equipment
 (6)
 (2)

 Net occupancy
 (25)
 (10)
 —
 —

 Marketing

 Deposit and other insurance expense
 (188)
 (62)
 NM

 Professional services
 —
 —

 Amortization of intangibles
 (3)
 (6)
 (3)
 (6)

 Lease financing equipment depreciation
 (12)
 (44)
 (18)
 (40)

 Other noninterest expense
 (21)
 (6)
 (4)
 (1)

 $
 4,562
 $
 (12)
 —
 %
 $
 4,574
 $
 %
 $
 4,201

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 19,932
 (23)
 —
 %
 19,955
 —
 %
 19,920

 Noninterest expense was $4.6 billion, a decrease of $12 million from the prior year. Deposit and other insurance expense decreased $188 million, or 62%, primarily due to a reduction in the FDIC DIF special assessment. The FDIC DIF special assessment expense was $28 million in 2024, compared to $214 million in 2023. Net occupancy decreased $25 million, or 10%, primarily due to higher corporate real estate and branch consolidation expenses recognized in the prior year. Other noninterest expense decreased $21 million, or 6%, largely due to lower franchise and other taxes. Partially offsetting these decreases, personnel costs increased $172 million, or 7%, primarily due to increases in salary, incentive compensation, and benefit expense, partially offset by a $33 million decrease in severance expense related to staffing efficiencies. Outside data processing and other services increased $60 million, or 10%, primarily due to higher technology and data expense.

 Provision for Income Taxes
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " and Note 17 - " Income Taxes " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 The provision for income taxes was $443 million for 2024, compared with $413 million in 2023. The effective tax rates for 2024 and 2023 were 18.4% and 17.3%, respectively. Both years included the benefits from general business credits, tax-exempt income, tax-exempt bank owned life insurance income, and investments in qualified affordable housing projects. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2024, compared to 2023, was primarily due to a decrease in tax benefits associated with qualified affordable housing projects and lower tax benefits from discrete items.
 The net federal deferred tax asset was $684 million, and the net state deferred tax asset was $109 million at December 31, 2024.

 RISK MANAGEMENT
 Risk Management Structure
 Our risk management program is structured using three lines of defense, each of which is independent of the others:
 • First-line consists of business segments engaged in activities designed to generate revenue or reduce expenses, provide operational support or technology services, or deliver products or services to customers.
 • Second-line is Corporate Risk Management.
 • Third-line consists of Internal Audit and Credit Review.

 2024 Form 10-K 55

 Segment Risk Officers are embedded in the first-line and report directly to business unit senior management and indirectly to the Chief Risk Officer. They identify and monitor risk, elevate and remediate issues, establish controls, perform testing, and oversee the self-assessment process. Second-line Corporate Risk Management oversees first-line risk-taking activity, establishes policies, sets operating limits, reviews new or modified products and processes, and is responsible for producing an independent assessment of the Company's risk position relative to the Board's risk appetite. Third-line Internal Audit and Credit Review provide additional assurance that risk-related functions are operating as intended.
 Risk Governance and Risk Appetite
 Our Risk Governance Framework and Risk Appetite Statement are foundational to the risk management program. The Risk Governance Framework defines the three lines of defense structure, roles, responsibilities, and requirements. The Risk Appetite Statement is approved by our Board and defines the level and types of risks we are willing to assume to achieve our corporate objectives through defined risk limits for the seven key risk categories to which we are exposed:
 • Credit risk, which is risk of loss due to loan and lease customers or other counterparties not being able to meet their financial obligations under agreed upon terms.
 • Market risk, which includes interest rate and price risk. Interest rate is the risk to current or projected financial condition arising from movements in interest rates and considers reprice risk, basis risk, yield curve risk, and options risk. Price risk results from changes in the value of either trading portfolios or other obligations that are entered into as part of distributing risk, primarily associated with market making, dealing, and position taking in interest rate, foreign exchange, equity, commodities, and credit markets.
 • Liquidity risk, which is the risk that financial condition or overall safety and soundness is adversely affected by an inability, or perceived inability, to meet obligations when they come due, and includes the inability to access funding sources, manage fluctuations in funding levels, or failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the Company's ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value.
 • Operational risk, which is the risk of loss and resilience arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, systems, models, data, human error or misconduct, or adverse external events. Operational losses can result from internal fraud, external fraud, inadequate or inappropriate employment practices and workplace safety, failure to meet obligations involving customers, products, and business practices, damage to physical assets, business disruption and systems failures, and failures in execution, delivery, and process management.
 • Compliance risk, which is risk arising from violations of laws, rules or regulations, or from non-conformance with laws, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards, and can expose the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and voiding of contracts.
 • Strategic risk, which is risk arising from adverse business decisions, poor implementation of business decisions, or lack of responsiveness to changes in the banking industry and operating environment, and is a function of the Company's strategic goals, business strategies, resources, and quality of implementation.
 • Reputation risk, which is risk arising from negative public opinion that may impair the Company's competitiveness by affecting its ability to establish new relationships or services or continue servicing existing relationships.
 The Board has defined our risk appetite as aggregate moderate-to-low on a through-the-cycle basis. While we engage in a limited amount of higher risk activity consistent with our strategic objectives, we ensure those positions are offset by lower risk positions. Our second-line Corporate Risk Management maintains and enforces risk limits established in our Risk Appetite Statement for each of our seven risk pillars, which helps ensure we achieve our aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite objective.
 We have a robust risk assessment process which includes qualitative and quantitative components that assess our inherent risk, control environment, and residual risk, and enables us to report to the Board if we are operating within the risk appetite. The process includes individual assessments from first-line business segments and independent second-line assessments for each risk pillar. These are combined to produce an overall Enterprise Risk Assessment that includes, among other things, top and emerging risks and a determination of whether the Company is operating within its risk appetite.
 56 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 We have a broad range of controls that are factored into our assessments, including key controls, such as segregation of duties and access management, that are tested regularly. We also have robust authorization and reconciliation procedures, as well as staff education and a disciplined risk assessment process.
 Board Oversight
 While the Board has three committees that primarily oversee implementation of the risk governance framework and risk appetite, the Risk Oversight Committee, Audit Committee, and Technology Committee, the full Board is engaged in discussing risks and monitoring our risk profile. All committees report their deliberations and actions at each full Board meeting. In addition, all scheduled committee meetings are open to all members of the Board, and committees regularly meet in joint sessions to discuss issues that are broadly applicable. Our Board has unfettered access to senior executive officers, and the Board and committees regularly meet in executive session without management present.
 • Our Risk Oversight Committee oversees implementation of the Risk Governance Framework and adherence to the Risk Appetite Statement, which takes the form of approving policies, frameworks, receiving regular reports, and engaging in discussion with Executive Management on topics for each of our risk pillars: credit, liquidity, market, operational, compliance, strategic, and reputation risk. The ROC also oversees capital management and ensures the amount and quality of capital are adequate in relation to expected and unexpected losses. ROC oversees the administration, effectiveness, and independence of our Credit Review function, and the Credit Review Director reports directly to the ROC. Our Chief Risk Officer reports to both the ROC and CEO.
 • Our Audit Committee oversees integrity of our consolidated financial statements, including policies, procedures, and practices regarding the preparation of financial statements, the financial reporting process, disclosures, and internal control over financial reporting. The Audit Committee oversees the Internal Audit department and the independent registered public accounting firm's qualifications and independence; compliance with our Financial Code of Ethics for the CEO and senior financial officers; compliance with corporate securities trading policies; compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; and financial risk exposures in coordination with the ROC. Our Chief Auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee.
 • Our Technology Committee oversees technology and cybersecurity strategies and plans and is charged with evaluating the Company's capability to properly perform all technology functions necessary for its business plan, including projected growth, technology capacity, planning, operational execution, product development, and management capacity. It provides oversight of technology investments and plans to drive efficiency as well as to meet defined standards for risk, information security, and redundancy; oversees allocation of technology costs and ensures that they are understood by the Board; evaluates innovation and technology trends that may affect our strategic plans, including monitoring of overall industry trends; and reviews and provides oversight of our continuity and disaster recovery planning and preparedness.
 Overlapping or common topics are overseen by more than one committee. On a regular basis, the ROC and Audit Committee meet in joint session to cover matters relevant to both committees' responsibilities, including reviews of annual and quarterly filings, the methodology and level of the ACL, conduct risk, and others. These committees routinely hold executive sessions with our key officers engaged in both accounting and risk management. In addition, the ROC, Audit Committee, and Technology Committee oversee the effectiveness of management's efforts to address risk issues in a timely, comprehensive, and sustainable manner, and regularly meet in in joint session to discuss. All directors have access to information provided to each committee and all scheduled meetings are open to all directors.
 Further, through our Human Resources and Compensation Committee, our Board seeks to ensure its overall compensation programs are balanced and align the interests of management, creditors, and shareholders. We utilize a variety of compensation-related tools to induce appropriate behavior, including common stock ownership thresholds for the CEO and certain members of senior management, equity deferrals, recoupment provisions, and the right to terminate compensation plans at any time. The Chief Risk Officer has significant input into the design and outcome of incentive compensation plans.

 2024 Form 10-K 57

 Our Risk Governance structure also includes executive level committees to manage and oversee risk, which include Asset & Liability Management, Credit Policy & Strategy, Risk Management, Capital Management, Allowance, Incentive Compensation, Sarbanes-Oxley, and Disclosure Review. These committees are strategic in nature and are supported by subcommittees that are tactical. We believe this structure helps ensure appropriate escalation of issues, overall communication of strategies, and adherence to the Board's risk appetite.
 A comprehensive discussion of risk management and capital matters affecting us can be found in the Risk Factors section included in Item 1A: Risk Factors and the " Regulatory Matters " section of Item 1: Business of this Form 10-K.
 Some of the more significant processes used to manage and control credit, market, liquidity, operational, and compliance risks are described in the following sections.

 Credit Risk
 Credit risk is the risk of financial loss if a counterparty is not able to meet the agreed upon terms of the financial obligation. The majority of our credit risk is associated with lending activities, as the acceptance and management of credit risk is central to profitable lending. We also have credit risk associated with our investment securities portfolios (see Note 3 - " Investment Securities and Other Securities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We engage with other financial counterparties for a variety of purposes including investing, asset and liability management, mortgage banking, and trading activities. A variety of derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, swaptions, floors, forward contracts, and forward starting interest rate swaps, are used in asset and liability management activities to protect against the risk of adverse price or interest rate movements. We also use derivatives, principally loan sale commitments, in hedging our mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments and mortgage loans held for sale. Like other financial instruments, derivatives contain an element of credit risk, which is the possibility that we will incur a loss because the counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations. Notional values of interest rate swaps and other off-balance sheet financial instruments significantly exceed the credit risk associated with these instruments and represent contractual balances on which calculations of amounts to be exchanged are based. Credit exposure is limited to the sum of the aggregate fair value of positions that have become favorable to us, including any accrued interest receivable due from counterparties. Potential credit losses are mitigated by derivatives through central clearing parties, careful evaluation of counterparty credit standing, selection of counterparties from a limited group of high quality institutions, collateral agreements, and other contract provisions.
 We focus on the early identification, monitoring, and management of all aspects of our credit risk. In addition to the traditional credit risk mitigation strategies of credit policies and processes, market risk management activities, and portfolio diversification, we use quantitative measurement capabilities utilizing external data sources, enhanced modeling technology, and internal stress testing processes. Our disciplined portfolio management processes are central to our commitment to maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite. In our efforts to identify risk mitigation techniques, we have focused on product design features, origination policies, and solutions for delinquent or stressed borrowers.
 The maximum level of credit exposure to individual credit borrowers is limited by policy guidelines based on the perceived risk of each borrower or related group of borrowers. Authority to grant commitments sits with the independent credit administration function, with limited exceptions, and is closely monitored and regularly updated. Concentration risk is managed through limits on loan type, industry, and loan quality factors. We focus predominantly on extending credit to consumer and commercial customers with existing or expandable relationships within our primary banking markets, although we will consider lending opportunities outside our primary markets if we believe the associated risks are acceptable and aligned with strategic initiatives. Although we offer a broad set of products, we continue to develop new lending products and opportunities. Each of these new products and opportunities goes through a rigorous development and approval process prior to implementation to ensure our overall objective of maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk portfolio profile.
 58 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The checks and balances in the credit process and the separation of the credit administration and risk management functions are designed to appropriately assess and sanction the level of credit risk being accepted, facilitate the early recognition of credit problems when they occur, and provide for effective problem asset management and resolution. For example, we do not extend additional credit to delinquent borrowers except in certain circumstances that substantially improve our overall repayment or collateral coverage position.
 Loan and Lease Credit Exposure Mix
 At December 31, 2024, our loans and leases totaled $130.0 billion, representing a $8.1 billion, or 7%, increase compared to $122.0 billion at December 31, 2023.
 The table below provides the composition of our total loan and lease portfolio.

 Table 7 - Loan and Lease Portfolio Composition

 2024
 2023

 $
 %
 $
 50,657
 %

 5,454
 5,228

 73,341
 68,307

 23,720

 5,982
 5,899

 1,771
 1,461

 56,701
 53,675

 $
 %
 $
 %

 The following table reflects the composition and maturities of the loan and lease portfolio and the interest rate sensitivity of loans and leases due after one year.

 Table 8 - Maturity Schedule of Loans and Leases and Interest Rate Sensitivity

 Loans and Leases Due After 1 Year

 Contractual Maturity Range

 Fixed Rate

 Floating or Adjustable Rate

 One Year
or Less
 One to
Five Years
 Five to
Fifteen Years
 After
Fifteen Years
 Total

 $
 11,498
 $
 28,579
 $
 16,732
 $
 31,440
 $
 7,461
 $
 1,176
 $

 6,343
 4,085
 6,084

 4,717
 3,327
 5,454

 16,865
 35,266
 21,210
 40,851
 9,234
 2,046
 73,341

 9,678
 14,552
 1,512
 22,633

 14,397
 —
 7,945
 6,435

 2,735
 7,268
 2,108
 7,676

 5,980
 —
 3,309
 2,488
 5,982

 1,111
 1,771

 33,545
 22,444
 9,543
 13,595
 32,851
 56,701

 $
 50,410
 $
 57,710
 $
 21,922
 $
 50,394
 $
 22,829
 $
 34,897
 $

 Percent of total
 %
 %
 %
 %
 %

 2024 Form 10-K 59

 Total commercial loans and leases were $73.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and represented 56% of our total loan and lease credit exposure at that date. Our commercial loan portfolio is diversified by product type, customer size, and geography, and is comprised of the following (see Commercial Credit discussion):
 C&I – C&I loans are made to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases, or other projects, and to institutional sponsors supporting REITs. We focus on borrowers doing business within our geographic markets. C&I loans are generally underwritten individually and secured with the assets of the company and/or the personal guarantee of the business owners. The financing of owner-occupied facilities is considered a C&I loan even though there is improved real estate as collateral. This treatment is a result of the credit decision process, which focuses on cash flow from operations of the business to repay the debt. The operation, sale, rental, or refinancing of the real estate is not considered the primary repayment source for these types of loans. As we have expanded our C&I portfolio, we have developed a series of "vertical specialties" to ensure that new products or lending types are embedded within a structured, centralized Commercial Lending area with designated, experienced credit officers. These specialties are comprised of either targeted industries (for example, healthcare, technology & telecom, finance and insurance, etc.) and/or lending disciplines (equipment finance, distribution finance, asset-based lending, etc.), all of which requires a high degree of expertise and oversight to effectively mitigate and monitor risk. As such, we have dedicated colleagues and teams focused on bringing value-added expertise to these specialty customers.
 CRE – The CRE portfolio includes both CRE commercial and CRE construction loans. CRE commercial loans are loans to developers. We mitigate our risk on these loans by requiring collateral values that exceed the loan amount and underwriting the loan with projected cash flow in excess of the debt service requirement. These loans are made to finance properties such as apartment buildings, office and industrial buildings, and retail shopping centers, and are repaid through cash flows related to the operation, sale, or refinance of the property. Appropriate appraisals are obtained at origination and updated on an as needed basis in compliance with regulatory requirements and our credit policies. CRE construction loans are loans to developers, companies, or individuals used for the construction of a commercial or residential property for which repayment will be generated by the sale or permanent financing of the property. Our CRE construction portfolio primarily consists of multi-family, retail, and warehouse property types. Generally, these loans are for construction projects that have been pre-sold or pre-leased, or have secured permanent financing, as well as loans to real estate companies with significant equity invested in each project. These loans are managed by a specialized real estate lending group that actively monitors the construction phase and manages the loan disbursements according to the predetermined construction schedule.
 Lease Financing – Lease financing products are designed to address the diverse financing needs of small to large companies primarily for the acquisition of equipment. Our lease financing portfolio will utilize a variety of origination partners and third-party sources including equipment manufacturers, dealers, or vendors set up under program structures to generate transactions from a nationwide footprint. High level business lines comprise of industrial finance, specialty finance, healthcare finance, technology finance, and specialized transportation, franchise, and government.
 60 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Total consumer loans were $56.7 billion at December 31, 2024 and represented 44% of our total loan and lease credit exposure at that date. The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of residential mortgages, automobile loans, home equity loans and lines-of-credit, and RV and marine finance (see Consumer Credit discussion).
 Residential mortgage – Residential mortgage loans represent loans to consumers for the purchase or refinance of a residence. These loans are generally financed over a 15-year to 30-year term, and in most cases, are extended to borrowers to finance their primary residence. Applications are underwritten centrally using consistent credit policies and processes. All residential mortgage loan decisions utilize a full appraisal for collateral valuation. Huntington has not originated or acquired residential mortgages that allow negative amortization or allow the borrower multiple payment options.
 Automobile – Automobile loans are comprised primarily of indirect loans made through automotive dealerships and include exposure in selected states outside of our primary banking markets. The exposure outside of our core footprint states represents 19% of the total exposure, with no individual state representing more than 6% of the total exposure. Applications are underwritten using an automated underwriting system that applies consistent policies and processes across the portfolio.
 Home equity – Home equity lending includes both home equity loans and lines-of-credit. This type of lending, which is secured by a first-lien or junior-lien on the borrower's residence, allows customers to borrow against the equity in their home or refinance existing mortgage debt. Products include closed-end loans which are generally fixed-rate with principal and interest payments, and variable-rate, interest-only lines-of-credit which do not require payment of principal during the 10-year revolving period. The home equity line of credit converts to a 20-year amortizing structure at the end of the revolving period. Applications are underwritten centrally in conjunction with an automated underwriting system. The home equity underwriting criteria is based on minimum credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, and LTV ratios, with current collateral valuations. The underwriting for the floating rate lines of credit also incorporates a stress analysis for rising interest rates.
 RV and marine – RV and marine includes loans provided to consumers primarily for the purpose of financing recreational vehicles and boats. Loans are originated on an indirect basis through a series of dealerships across 35 states. The loans are underwritten centrally using an application and decisioning system similar to automobile loans. The current portfolio includes 39% of the balances within our core footprint states.
 Other consumer – Other consumer loans primarily consist of consumer loans not included above, including credit cards, personal unsecured loans, and overdraft balances. We originate these products within our established set of credit policies and guidelines.
 Our loan and lease portfolio is a managed mix of consumer and commercial credits. We manage the overall credit exposure and portfolio composition via a credit concentration policy. The policy designates specific loan types, collateral types, and loan structures to be formally tracked and assigned maximum exposure limits as a percentage of capital. Commercial lending by NAICS categories, specific limits for CRE project types, loans secured by residential real estate, large dollar exposures, and designated high risk loan categories represent examples of specifically tracked components of our concentration management process. There are no identified concentrations that exceed the assigned exposure limit. Our concentration management policy is approved by the ROC and is used to ensure a high quality, well diversified portfolio that is consistent with our overall objective of maintaining an aggregate moderate-to-low risk appetite. Changes to existing concentration limits, incorporating specific information relating to the potential impact on the overall portfolio composition and performance metrics, require the approval of the ROC prior to implementation.
 2024 Form 10-K 61

 The table below provides our total loan and lease portfolio segregated by industry type. The changes in the industry composition from December 31, 2023 are consistent with the portfolio growth metrics.

 Table 9 - Loan and Lease Portfolio by Industry Type

 2024
 2023

 Commercial loans and leases:

 Real estate and rental and leasing (1)
 $
 15,242
 %
 $
 15,897
 %

 Retail trade (2)
 11,864
 11,417

 Finance and insurance (1)
 7,654
 5,025

 Manufacturing
 7,173
 7,183

 Health care and social assistance (1)
 5,295
 4,464

 Wholesale trade
 4,109
 3,647

 Accommodation and food services
 3,226
 3,107

 Transportation and warehousing
 3,124
 3,107

 Utilities
 2,406
 2,533

 Professional, scientific, and technical services
 2,053
 2,035

 Other services
 1,962
 1,864

 Construction
 1,890
 1,738

 Admin./support/waste mgmt. and remediation services
 1,681
 1,498

 Information (1)
 1,647
 1,291

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation
 1,646
 1,366

 Public administration

 Educational services
 —
 —

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
 —
 —

 Management of companies and enterprises
 —
 —

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
 —
 —

 Unclassified/other
 —
 —

 Total commercial loans and leases by industry category
 73,341
 68,307

 23,720

 5,982
 5,899

 Other consumer loans
 1,771
 1,461

 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1) Includes non-real estate secured commercial loans to REITs, which are classified in the C&I loan category.
 (2) Amounts include $4.2 billion and $3.3 billion of auto dealer services loans at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 Commercial Credit
 The primary factors considered in commercial credit approvals are the financial strength of the borrower, assessment of the borrower's management capabilities, cash flows from operations, industry sector trends, type and sufficiency of collateral, type of exposure, transaction structure, and the general economic outlook. While these are the primary factors considered, there are a number of other factors that may be considered in the decision process. We require the signature approval of both the appropriate line of business leaders and independent credit executives. The risk rating, credit exposure amount, and complexity of the credit determines the threshold for approval. Credit officers who understand each local region and are experienced in the industries and loan structures of the requested credit exposure are involved in all loan decisions and have the primary credit authority, with the exception of small business loans. For small business loans, we utilize a centralized loan approval process for standard products and structures. In this centralized decision environment, certain individuals who understand each local region may make credit-extension decisions to preserve our commitment to the communities in which we operate. In addition to disciplined and consistent judgmental factors, a sophisticated credit scoring process is used as a primary evaluation tool in the determination of approving a loan.
 62 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 In commercial lending, on-going credit management is dependent on the type and nature of the loan. We monitor all significant exposures. All commercial credit extensions are assigned internal risk ratings reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional rating methodology provides granularity in the portfolio management process. The PD is rated and applied at the borrower level. The LGD is rated and applied based on the specific type of credit extension and the quality and lien position associated with the underlying collateral. The internal risk ratings are assessed at origination and updated at each periodic monitoring event. There is also extensive macro-portfolio management analysis. We review and adjust our risk-rating criteria based on actual experience, which provides us with the current risk level in the portfolio. A centralized portfolio management function monitors and reports on the performance of the entire commercial portfolio, including small business loans, to provide consistent oversight.
 In addition to the initial credit analysis conducted during the approval process, our credit review group performs testing to provide an independent review and assessment of the quality and risk of new loan originations. This group is part of our Risk Management area and conducts portfolio reviews on a risk-based cycle to evaluate individual loans, validate risk ratings, and test the consistency of credit processes.
 Our standardized loan grading system considers many components that directly correlate to loan quality and likelihood of repayment, one of which is guarantor support. On an at least annual basis, we consider, among other things, the guarantor's reputation and creditworthiness, where available, along with various key financial metrics such as liquidity and net worth. Our assessment of the guarantor's credit strength, or lack thereof, is reflected in our risk ratings for such loans, which is directly tied to, and an integral component of, our ACL methodology. When a loan goes to impaired status, viable guarantor support is considered in the determination of a credit loss.
 If our assessment of the guarantor's credit strength yields an inherent capacity to perform, we will seek repayment from the guarantor as part of the collection process and have done so successfully.
 Substantially all loans categorized as Classified (See Note 4 - " Loans and Leases " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) are managed by FRG. FRG is a specialized group of credit professionals that handle the day-to-day management of workouts, commercial recoveries, and problem loan sales. Its responsibilities include developing and implementing action plans, assessing risk ratings, and determining the appropriateness of the allowance, the accrual status, and the ultimate collectability of the Classified loan portfolio.
 C&I PORTFOLIO
 We manage the risks inherent in the C&I portfolio through origination policies, a defined loan concentration policy with established limits, on-going loan-level and portfolio-level reviews, recourse requirements, and continuous portfolio risk management activities. Our origination policies for the C&I portfolio include loan product-type specific policies such as LTV and debt service coverage ratios, as applicable.
 The C&I portfolio continues to have solid origination activity while we maintain a focus on high quality originations. We continue to maintain a proactive approach to identifying borrowers that may be facing financial difficulty in order to maximize the potential credit outcomes. Subsequent to the origination of the loan, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new loan originations.
 CRE PORTFOLIO
 We manage the risks inherent in this portfolio specific to CRE lending, focusing on the quality of the developer and the specifics associated with each project. Generally, we: (1) limit our loans to 80% of the appraised value of the commercial real estate at origination, (2) require net operating cash flows to be 120% of required interest and principal payments, and (3) if the commercial real estate is non-owner occupied, require that pre-leasing generates break-even interest-only debt service. We actively monitor property-type concentrations and both geographic and property-type performance metrics of all CRE loan types, with a focus on loans identified as higher risk based on the risk rating methodology. Both macro-level and loan-level stress-test scenarios based on existing and forecast market conditions are part of the on-going portfolio management process for the CRE portfolio.
 Dedicated real estate professionals originate and manage the portfolio. The portfolio is diversified by property-type and loan size, and this diversification represents a significant portion of the credit risk management strategies employed for this portfolio. Subsequent to the origination of the loan, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new loan originations.
 2024 Form 10-K 63

 The following tables present our commercial real estate portfolio by property-type and geographic location.

 Table 10 - Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Property-type

 Amount by Property-Type

 % of Total Loans and Leases

 Amount by Property-Type

 % of Total Loans and Leases

 Multi-family
 $
 4,426
 %
 $
 4,708
 %

 Warehouse/industrial
 1,604
 2,029

 Office
 1,559
 1,825

 Retail
 1,477
 1,725

 Hotel

 Other
 1,195
 1,197

 Total commercial real estate loans and leases
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Table 11 - Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Geographic Location

 Amount by Location (1)

 % of Total CRE loans and leases

 Amount by Location (1)

 % of Total CRE loans and leases

 Michigan
 $
 2,148
 %
 $
 2,498
 %

 Ohio
 1,938
 2,364

 Florida
 1,064

 Illinois

 Texas

 Pennsylvania

 Minnesota

 California

 Georgia

 Colorado

 Other
 2,806
 3,489

 Total commercial real estate loans and leases
 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1)Geographic location based on location of underlying collateral.
 Our CRE portfolio totaled $11.1 billion at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.3 billion, or 11%, compared to December 31, 2023, driven by loan pay-offs and a decrease in new originations. The CRE portfolio had an associated allowance coverage of 4.3% and 4.2% at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 With declines in demand and property values of office space across the country, the office sector continues to be an area of uncertainty. Our office portfolio, which is predominantly suburban and multi-tenant loans, totaled $1.6 billion, or 1% of total loans and leases, as of December 31, 2024, compared to $1.8 billion, or 1% of total loans and leases, at December 31, 2023. We have established ACL reserves of approximately 11% for our CRE office portfolio as of December 31, 2024, compared to approximately 10% at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, there was $37 million of outstanding balances in the office portfolio that were 30 or more days past due.
 Appraisal values are obtained in conjunction with all originations and renewals, and on an as-needed basis, in compliance with regulatory requirements and to ensure appropriate decisions regarding the on-going management of the portfolio reflect the changing market conditions. Appraisals are obtained from approved vendors and are reviewed by an internal appraisal review group comprised of certified appraisers to ensure the quality of the valuation used in the underwriting process. We continue to perform on-going portfolio level reviews within the CRE portfolio. These reviews generate action plans based on occupancy levels or leasing revenues associated with the projects being reviewed. This highly individualized process requires working closely with all of our borrowers, as well as an in-depth knowledge of CRE project lending and the market environment.
 LEASE FINANCING
 We manage the risks inherent in the Lease Financing portfolio through external consumer and business credit scoring solutions, internally developed custom probability of default and loss given default models, continuous
 64 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 portfolio risk management activities, and equipment and customer diversification. Our origination policies are aligned by transaction size with increased use of the personal guarantee of principals and external credit scoring tools for smaller transactions and expanded financial analysis and reporting requirements for larger transactions. Our program focuses on high-quality manufacturer, distributor, vendor, or third party originations sources with in-depth partner diligence. The lease financing group may use manufacturer loss risk share programs that provide additional transaction support, but the origination strategy prioritizes strong customer financial condition.
 High level business lines are comprised of Industrial Finance, Specialty Finance, Healthcare Finance, Technology Finance, and Specialized Transportation, Franchise, and Government with multiple segments under each main line. We also have specific equipment types or industries designated as low tolerance with additional front-end guidance and diligence requirements. Subsequent to the origination of the lease, the credit review group provides an independent review and assessment of the quality of the underwriting and risk of new lease originations.
 Consumer Credit
 Consumer credit approvals are based on, among other factors, the financial strength and payment history of the borrower, type of exposure, and transaction structure. Consumer credit decisions are generally made in a centralized environment utilizing decision models. Importantly, certain individuals who understand each local region have the authority to make credit extension decisions to preserve our focus on the local communities in which we operate. For all classes within the consumer loan portfolio, loans are assigned pool level PD factors based on the FICO range within which the borrower's credit bureau score falls. The credit bureau score is widely accepted as the standard measure of consumer credit risk used by lenders, regulators, rating agencies, and consumers. The LGD is related to the type of collateral associated with the credit extension, which typically does not change over the course of the loan term. This allows Huntington to maintain a current view of the customer for credit risk management and ACL purposes.
 In consumer lending, credit risk is managed from a segment (e.g., loan type, collateral position, geography, etc.) and vintage performance analysis. All portfolio segments are continuously monitored for changes in delinquency trends and other asset quality indicators. We make extensive use of portfolio assessment models to continuously monitor the quality of the portfolio, which may result in changes to future origination strategies. The credit review group conducts ongoing independent credit origination and process reviews to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the consumer credit processes.
 Collection actions by our customer assistance team are initiated as needed through a centrally managed collection and recovery function. We employ a series of collection methodologies designed to maintain a high level of effectiveness, while maximizing efficiency. In addition to the consumer loan portfolio, the customer assistance team is responsible for collection activity on all sold and securitized consumer loans and leases. Collection practices include a single contact point for the majority of the residential real estate secured portfolios.
 RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE SECURED PORTFOLIOS
 The properties securing our residential mortgage and home equity portfolios are primarily located within our geographic footprint. Huntington continues to support our local markets with consistent underwriting across all residential secured products. The residential secured portfolio originations continue to be of high quality. Our portfolio management strategies associated with our Home Savers group allow us to focus on effectively helping our customers with appropriate solutions for their specific circumstances.
 Huntington underwrites all residential mortgage applications centrally, with a focus on higher quality borrowers. We do not originate residential mortgages that allow negative amortization or allow the borrower multiple payment options. Residential mortgages are originated based on a completed full appraisal during the credit underwriting process. We update values in compliance with applicable regulations to facilitate our portfolio management, as well as our workout and loss mitigation functions.
 We are subject to repurchase risk associated with residential mortgage loans sold in the secondary market. An appropriate level of reserve for representations and warranties related to residential mortgage loans sold has been established to address this repurchase risk inherent in the portfolio.
 2024 Form 10-K 65

 AUTOMOBILE PORTFOLIO
 Our strategy in the automobile portfolio continues to focus on high quality borrowers as measured by both FICO and internal custom scores, combined with appropriate LTVs, terms, and profitability. Our strategy and operational capabilities allow us to appropriately manage the origination quality across the entire portfolio, including our newer markets. Although increased origination volume and entering new markets can be associated with increased risk levels, we believe our disciplined strategy and operational processes significantly mitigate these risks.
 We have continued to consistently execute our value proposition and take advantage of available market opportunities. Importantly, we have maintained our high credit quality standards while also maintaining strong origination volume.
 RV AND MARINE PORTFOLIO
 Our strategy in the RV and marine portfolio focuses on high quality borrowers, combined with appropriate LTVs, terms, and profitability. Although entering new markets can be associated with increased risk levels, we believe our disciplined strategy and operational processes significantly mitigate these risks.
 Credit Quality
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 4 - " Loans and Leases " and Note 5 - " Allowance for Credit Losses " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 We believe the most meaningful way to assess overall credit quality performance is through an analysis of specific performance ratios. This approach forms the basis of the discussion in the sections immediately following: NPAs, NALs, ACL, and NCOs. In addition, we utilize delinquency rates, risk distribution and migration patterns, product segmentation, and origination trends in the analysis of our credit quality performance.
 Credit quality performance in 2024 reflected NCOs of $372 million, or 0.30%, of average total loans and leases, an increase from $273 million, or 0.23%, in the prior year. The increase reflects a $59 million increase in commercial NCOs and a $40 million increase in consumer NCOs. NPAs increased $111 million, or 16%, to $822 million, primarily driven by a $113 million increase in commercial and industrial NALs.
 NPAs and NALs
 NPAs consist of (1) NALs, which represent loans and leases no longer accruing interest, (2) OREO properties, and (3) other NPAs. Any loan or lease in our portfolio may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to the policies described below when collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Also, when a borrower with discharged non-reaffirmed debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is identified and the loan or lease is determined to be collateral dependent, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.
 Commercial loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status at 90-days past due, or earlier if repayment of principal and interest is in doubt. Of the $585 million of commercial related NALs at December 31, 2024, $249 million, or 43%, represent loans and leases that were less than 30-days past due, demonstrating our continued commitment to proactive credit risk management. With the exception of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by government organizations, which continue to accrue interest, first lien loans secured by residential mortgage collateral are placed on nonaccrual status at 150-days past due. Junior-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at the earlier of 120-days past due or when the related first-lien loan has been identified as nonaccrual. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120-days past due, and if not fully charged-off are placed on non-accrual.
 When loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual, any accrued interest is reversed against interest income. When, in our judgment, the borrower's ability to make required interest and principal payments has resumed and collectability is no longer in doubt, the loan or lease could be returned to accrual status.
 66 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table reflects period-end NALs and NPAs detail.

 Table 12 - Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Nonperforming Assets

 2024
 2023

 Nonaccrual loans and leases (NALs):

 $
 $

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 Other real estate, net

 Other NPAs (1)

 Total nonperforming assets
 $
 $

 Nonaccrual loans and leases as a % of total loans and leases
 0.60
 %
 0.55
 %

 NPA ratio (2)
 0.63
 0.58

 (1)Other nonperforming assets include certain impaired investment securities and/or nonaccrual loans held-for-sale.
 (2)Nonperforming assets divided by the sum of loans and leases, other real estate owned, and other NPAs.
 ACL
 Our ACL is comprised of two different components, both of which in our judgment are appropriate to absorb lifetime expected credit losses in our loan and lease portfolio: the ALLL and the AULC.
 We use statistically-based models that employ assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of the loan. The process of estimating expected credit losses is based on three key parameters: PD, EAD, and LGD. Beyond the reasonable and supportable period (two to three years), the economic variables revert to a historical equilibrium at a pace dependent on the state of the economy reflected within the economic scenario.
 Future economic conditions consider multiple macroeconomic scenarios provided to us by an independent third party and are reviewed through the Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee described below. These macroeconomic scenarios contain certain variables that are influential to our modeling process, the most significant being unemployment rates and GDP. Management uses a probability-weighted approach that incorporates a baseline, an adverse and a more favorable economic scenario when formulating the quantitative estimate for the allowance. Any changes in probability weights must be supported by appropriate documentation and approval of senior management. Additionally, we consider whether to adjust the modeled estimates to address possible limitations within the models or factors not captured within the macroeconomic scenarios. Lifetime losses for most of our loans and leases are evaluated collectively based on similar risk characteristics such as risk ratings, origination credit bureau scores, delinquency status, and remaining months within loan agreements, among other factors.
 The baseline scenario used in the December 31, 2024 ACL determination assumes the labor market has softened with the unemployment rate peaking at 4.2% in the fourth quarter of 2024. Marginal improvement is expected moving forward with unemployment returning to 4.0% by 2026. The Federal Reserve is projected to continue a cycle of rate cuts that started in September 2024, with gradual cuts forecast throughout 2025 and 2026 until reaching 3% in mid-2026. Inflation is forecast to approach the Federal Reserve's target level of 2% by the end of 2024 and stabilize in 2025. GDP is forecast to show marginal improvement from the estimated fourth quarter 2024 level of 2.0%, ending the fourth quarter of 2025 at 2.1%.
 The table below is intended to show how the forecasted path of unemployment and GDP in the baseline scenario has changed between those used in the year 2023 and 2024 ACL determination.
 2024 Form 10-K 67

 Table 13 - Forecasted Key Macroeconomic Variables

 2023
 2024
 2025

 Baseline scenario forecast
 Q4
 Q2
 Q4
 Q2
 Q4

 Unemployment rate (1)

 4Q 2023
 3.8%
 3.9%
 4.0%
 4.1%
 4.0%

 4Q 2024
 N/A
 N/A
 4.2
 4.1
 4.1

 Gross Domestic Product (1)

 4Q 2023
 0.8%
 1.2%
 1.5%
 1.9%
 2.2%

 4Q 2024
 N/A
 N/A
 2.0
 2.1
 2.1

 (1)Values reflect the baseline scenario forecast inputs for each period presented, not updated for subsequent actual amounts.
 Management continues to assess the uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, including ongoing risks in the commercial real estate environment, current inflation levels, political uncertainty, and geopolitical instability, considering multiple macroeconomic forecasts that reflected a range of possible outcomes. While we have incorporated estimates of economic uncertainty into our ACL, the ultimate impact of specific challenges will have on the economy remains unknown.
 Management develops additional analytics to support adjustments to our modeled results. Our Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee reviewed model results of each economic scenario for appropriate usage, concluding that the quantitative transaction reserve will continue to utilize scenario weighting. Given the uncertainty associated with key economic scenario assumptions, the December 31, 2024 ACL included a general reserve that consists of various risk profile components, including profiles to capture uncertainty not addressed within the quantitative transaction reserve.
 The most significant risk profiles the Company maintains at December 31, 2024 relate to business banking loans within the C&I portfolio and office loans within the CRE portfolio. The business banking risk profile addresses a modestly upward trend in default rates resulting from higher interest rates and inflationary impacts on business banking customers. The office portfolio risk profile addresses concerns relating to higher interest rates, upcoming maturities, falling property values, and uncertainty about demand for office space.
 Our Allowance for Credit Loss Development Methodology Committee is responsible for developing the methodology, assumptions, and estimates used in the calculation, as well as determining the appropriateness of the ACL. The ALLL represents the estimate of lifetime expected losses in the loan and lease portfolio at the reported date. The loss modeling process uses an EAD concept to calculate total expected losses on both funded balances and unfunded lending commitments, where appropriate. Losses related to the unfunded lending commitments are then recorded as AULC within other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. A liability for expected credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recognized if Huntington has a contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancelable.
 The AULC is determined by applying the same quantitative reserve determination process to the unfunded portion of the loan exposures adjusted by an applicable funding expectation.
 Our ACL evaluation process includes the assessment of credit quality metrics, and a comparison of certain ACL benchmarks to current performance. For further information, including the ALLL and AULC activity by portfolio segment, refer to Note 5 - " Allowance for Credit Losses " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 68 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The table below reflects the allocation of our ALLL among our various loan and lease categories as well as certain coverage metrics of the reported ALLL and ACL.

 Table 14 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses

 2024
 2023

 Allocation of Allowance
 % of Total ALLL
 % of Total Loans and Leases (1)
 Allocation of Allowance
 % of Total ALLL
 % of Total Loans and Leases (1)

 Commercial

 $
 %
 %
 $
 %
 %

 1,484
 1,563

 Consumer

 Total ALLL
 2,244
 2,255

 AULC

 Total ACL
 $
 2,446
 $
 2,400

 Total ALLL as % of:

 1.73
 %
 1.85
 %

 Nonaccrual loans and leases

 NPAs

 Total ACL as % of:

 1.88
 %
 1.97
 %

 Nonaccrual loans and leases

 NPAs

 (1)Percentages represent the percentage of each loan and lease category to total loans and leases.
 At December 31, 2024, the ACL was $2.4 billion, or 1.88%, of total loans and leases, compared to $2.4 billion, or 1.97%, at December 31, 2023. The increase in the total ACL was driven by loan and lease growth throughout 2024, partially offset by a reduction in the ACL coverage ratio. The reduction in the ACL coverage ratio at December 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023, is reflective of the current macro-economic environment.
 NCOs
 A loan in any portfolio may be charged-off prior to reaching the past due status described below if a loss confirming event has occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, foreclosure, or receipt of an asset valuation indicating a collateral deficiency where that asset is the sole source of repayment. Additionally, discharged or collateral dependent non-reaffirmed debt in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings will result in a charge-off to estimated collateral value, less anticipated selling costs at the time of discharge.
 Commercial loans and leases are either charged-off or written down to net realizable value by 90-days past due with the exception of administrative small ticket lease delinquencies. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120-days past due. First-lien and junior-lien home equity loans are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150-days past due and 120-days past due, respectively. Residential mortgages are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150-days past due. The remaining balance is in delinquent status until a modification can be completed, or the loan goes through the foreclosure process.
 2024 Form 10-K 69

 The following table reflects NCO detail.

 Table 15 - Net Loan and Lease Charge-offs

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Net charge-offs (recoveries) by loan and lease type:

 $
 $
 $
 (2)

 (1)
 (6)

 (2)

 (1)
 (1)
 (5)

 Total net charge-offs
 $
 $
 $

 Net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average loans:

 0.32
 %
 0.22
 %
 —
 %

 0.43
 0.43
 0.06

 (0.03)
 (0.12)
 0.18

 0.31
 0.23
 0.03

 0.01
 0.01
 (0.01)

 0.26
 0.16
 0.05

 (0.01)
 (0.01)
 (0.05)

 0.36
 0.21
 0.15

 6.32
 6.03
 7.55

 0.28
 0.22
 0.21

 Net charge-offs as a % of average loans
 0.30
 %
 0.23
 %
 0.11
 %

 NCOs were 0.30% of average loans and leases in 2024, up from 0.23% in 2023, reflecting the continued normalization of net charge-offs. NCOs for commercial loans and leases were higher, with net charge-offs of 0.31% in 2024, compared to 0.23% in 2023, driven by an increase in the commercial and industrial portfolio. Consumer net charge-offs were higher, with net charge-offs of 0.28% in 2024, compared to 0.22% in 2023, with increases in the other consumer, RV and marine, and automobile loan portfolios.

 Market Risk
 Market risk refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, and commodity prices, including the correlation among these factors and their volatility. When the value of an instrument is tied to such external factors, the holder faces market risk. We are primarily exposed to interest rate risk as a result of offering a wide array of financial products to our customers, and secondarily, to price risk from trading securities, securities owned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries, foreign exchange positions, equity investments, and investments in securities backed by mortgage loans.
 70 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 We measure market risk exposure via financial simulation models, which provide management with insights on the potential impact to net interest income and other key metrics as a result of changes in market interest rates. Models are used to simulate cash flows and accrual characteristics of the balance sheet based on assumptions regarding the slope or shape of the yield curve, the direction and volatility of interest rates, and the changing composition and characteristics of the balance sheet resulting from strategic objectives and customer behavior. Our models incorporate market-based assumptions that include the impact of changing interest rates on prepayment rates of assets and runoff rates of deposits. The models also include our projections of the future volume and pricing of various business lines.
 In measuring the financial risks associated with interest rate sensitivity in our balance sheet, we compare a set of alternative interest rate scenarios to the results of a base case scenario derived using market forward rates. The market forward rates reflect the market consensus regarding the future level and slope of the yield curve across a range of tenor points. The standard set of interest rate scenarios includes two types: "shock" scenarios which are immediate parallel rate shifts, and "ramp" scenarios where the parallel shift is applied gradually over the first 12 months of the forecast on a pro rata basis. In both shock and ramp scenarios with falling rates, we presume that market rates will not go below 0%. The scenarios are inclusive of all executed interest rate risk hedging activities. Forward starting hedges are included to the extent that they have been transacted and that they start within the measurement horizon.
 A key driver of our interest rate risk profile is our interest-bearing deposit repricing sensitivity assumptions to changes in interest rates, otherwise known as deposit beta. In addition, our interest expense is impacted by the composition of both interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits in relation to our total deposits. Accordingly, we consider the impacts from both interest-bearing and noninterest bearing deposits on our total deposit beta. Our cumulative total deposit beta (total cost of deposits) through the most recent rising rate cycle, which started in the first quarter of 2022 and concluded in the third quarter of 2024, was 46%. Following the start of the falling rate cycle, which began late in the third quarter of 2024, our cumulative total deposit beta (total cost of deposits) was 24%.
 Interest rate risk is measured across a range of scenarios and the results are reported to the ROC at least quarterly. A comprehensive discussion of risk management governance can be found in Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the " Risk Management " section of this Form 10-K.
 We use two approaches to model interest rate risk: Net interest income at risk (NII at Risk) and economic value of equity at risk modeling sensitivity analysis (EVE at Risk).
 NII at Risk is used by management to measure the risk and impact to earnings over the next 12 months, using a variety of interest rate scenarios. The NII at Risk results included in the table below reflect the analysis used monthly by management. It models gradual "ramp" -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel shift scenarios, implied by the forward yield curve over the next 12 months.

 Table 16 - Net Interest Income at Risk

 Federal Funds Rate (1)
 Federal Funds Rate (1)

 Basis point change scenario
 Starting Point (2)
 Month 12 (3)
 NII at Risk (%)
 Starting Point (2)
 Month 12 (3)
 NII at Risk (%)

 +200
 4.50
 6.00
 2.0
 5.50
 5.75
 5.5

 +100
 4.50
 5.00
 0.8
 5.50
 4.75
 3.0

 Base
 4.50
 4.00
 —
 5.50
 3.75
 —

 -100
 4.50
 3.00
 -0.5
 5.50
 2.75
 -2.8

 -200
 4.50
 2.00
 -1.3
 5.50
 1.75
 -5.6

 (1)Represents the upper bound.
 (2)Represents the spot federal funds rate.
 (3)Represents the federal funds rate in month 12 given a gradual, parallel "ramp" relative to the base implied forward scenario.
 The NII at Risk shows that the balance sheet is asset sensitive at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The primary driver to the change in sensitivity during 2024 is current and projected balance sheet composition over the simulation horizon, including securities portfolio reinvestment and executed hedging activity.
 2024 Form 10-K 71

 EVE at Risk is used by management to measure the impact of interest rate changes on the net present value of assets and liabilities, including derivative exposures. The EVE results included in the table below reflect the analysis used monthly by management. It models immediate -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel "shock" scenarios from the yield curve term points at the specific point in time that EVE sensitivity is measured.

 Table 17 - Economic Value of Equity at Risk

 Economic Value of Equity at Risk (%)

 Basis point change scenario
 -200
 -100
 +100
 +200

 5.9
 4.3
 -5.8
 -12.6

 0.1
 1.6
 -3.8
 -8.8

 The change in sensitivity from December 31, 2023 was driven primarily by market rates, ongoing balance sheet modeling assumption enhancements, and changes to the actual balance sheet composition.
 Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate Risk
 An integral component of our interest rate risk management strategy is the use of derivative instruments to minimize significant fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in market interest rates. A variety of derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, swaptions, floors, forward contracts, and forward starting interest rate swaps, are used in asset and liability management activities to protect against the risk of adverse price or interest rate movements. These instruments provide flexibility in adjusting Huntington's sensitivity to changes in interest rates without exposure to loss of principal and higher funding requirements.
 Table 18 shows all swap and floor positions that are utilized for purposes of managing our exposures to the variability of interest rates. The interest rates variability may impact either the fair value of the assets and liabilities or impact the cash flows attributable to net interest margin. These positions are used to protect the fair value of asset and liabilities by converting the contractual interest rate on a specified amount of assets and liabilities (i.e., notional amounts) to another interest rate index. The positions are also used to hedge the variability in cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rate by converting the variable rate index into a fixed rate. The volume, maturity, and mix of derivative positions change frequently as we adjust our broader interest rate risk management objectives and the balance sheet positions to be hedged. For further information, including the notional amount and fair values of these derivatives, refer to Note 19 - " Derivative Financial Instruments " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 72 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following presents additional information about the interest rate swaps and floors used in Huntington's asset and liability management activities.

 Table 18 - Information on Asset Liability Management Instruments

 Notional Value
 Weighted-Average Maturity (years)

 Fair
 Value
 Weighted-Average Fixed Rate
 Weighted-Average Reset Rate

 Asset conversion swaps

 Securities (1):

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR
 $
 10,059
 1.92
 $
 1.38
 %
 4.65
 %

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR - forward starting (2)
 7.46
 2.81
 —

 Loans:

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 10,075
 2.18
 (255)
 2.75
 4.60

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (3)
 7,225
 4.03
 (75)
 3.62
 —

 Liability conversion swaps

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 7,272
 3.24
 (197)
 3.30
 4.66

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (3)
 4,075
 4.60
 (56)
 3.64
 —

 Purchased floor spreads (4)

 Purchased Floor Spread - SOFR
 6,000
 1.83
 2.79 / 3.87
 —

 Basis swaps (5)

 Pay SOFR- Receive Fed Fund (economic hedges)
 1.58
 —
 5.19
 5.21

 Pay Fed Fund - Receive SOFR (economic hedges)
 10.81
 —
 5.24
 5.15

 Total swap portfolio

 $
 45,809
 $
 (107)

 Asset conversion swaps

 Securities (1):

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR
 $
 10,721
 3.11
 $
 1.37
 %
 5.42
 %

 Pay Fixed - Receive SOFR - forward starting (2)
 8.46
 2.81
 —

 Loans:

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 9,275
 3.06
 (243)
 2.77
 5.34

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (6)
 1,400
 4.20
 (19)
 2.90
 —

 Liability conversion swaps

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR
 7,568
 3.40
 (199)
 2.95
 5.14

 Receive Fixed - Pay SOFR - forward starting (6)
 2,125
 3.16
 4.33
 —

 Purchased floor spreads (4)

 Purchased Floor Spread - SOFR
 5,000
 2.29
 2.97 / 3.97
 —

 Purchased Floor Spread - SOFR forward starting (7)
 1,000
 5.54
 1.88 / 3.38
 —

 Basis swaps (5)

 Pay SOFR- Receive Fed Fund (economic hedges)
 2.58
 —
 5.33
 5.41

 Pay Fed Fund - Receive SOFR (economic hedges)
 11.81
 —
 5.45
 5.33

 Total swap portfolio
 $
 38,192
 $

 (1)Amounts include interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate investment securities using the portfolio layer method.
 (2)Forward starting swaps effective starting from April 2025 to October 2027.
 (3)Forward starting swaps effective starting from January 2025 to June 2026.
 (4)The weighted average fixed rates for floor spreads are the weighted average strike rates for the upper and lower bounds of the instruments.
 (5)Basis swaps have variable pay and variable receive resets. Weighted average fixed fate column represents pay rate reset.
 (6)Forward starting swaps effective starting April 2024 to January 2025.
 (7)Forward starting floor spreads effective starting from May 2024 to September 2024.
 Use of Derivatives to Manage Credit Risk
 We may utilize credit derivatives as a tool to manage credit risk within the portfolio by purchasing credit protection over certain types of loan products. When we purchase credit protection, such as a CDS, we pay a fee to the seller, or CDS counterparty, in return for the right to receive a payment if a specified credit event occurs.
 2024 Form 10-K 73

 MSRs
 (This section should be read in conjunction with Note 6 - " Mortgage Loan Sales and Servicing Rights " of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 At December 31, 2024, we had a total of $573 million of capitalized MSRs representing the right to service $33.7 billion in mortgage loans.
 MSR fair values are sensitive to movements in interest rates as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which can be reduced by prepayments and declines in credit quality. Prepayments usually increase when mortgage interest rates decline and decrease when mortgage interest rates rise. We also employ hedging strategies to reduce the risk of MSR fair value changes or impairment. However, volatile changes in interest rates can diminish the effectiveness of these economic hedges. Changes in the MSR value net of hedge-related trading activity are recorded in the mortgage banking income category of noninterest income.
 MSR assets are included in servicing rights and other intangible assets in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Price Risk
 Price risk represents the risk of loss arising from adverse movements in the prices of financial instruments that are carried at fair value and are subject to fair value accounting. We have price risk from trading securities, securities owned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries, foreign exchange positions, derivative instruments, and equity investments. We have established loss limits on the trading portfolio, on the amount of foreign exchange exposure that can be maintained, and on the amount of marketable equity securities that can be held.

 Liquidity Risk
 Liquidity risk is the possibility of us being unable to meet current and future financial obligations in a timely manner. The goal of liquidity management is to ensure adequate, stable, reliable, and cost-effective sources of funds to satisfy changes in loan and lease demand, unexpected levels of deposit withdrawals, investment opportunities, and other contractual obligations. We consider core earnings, strong capital ratios, and credit quality essential for maintaining high credit ratings, which allows us cost-effective access to market-based liquidity. We mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining a large, stable customer deposit base and a diversified base of readily available wholesale funding sources, including secured funding sources from the FHLB and FRB through pledged borrowing capacity, issuance through dealers in the capital markets, and access to deposits issued through brokers. We further mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and securities.
 The Board of Directors is responsible for establishing an acceptable level of liquidity risk at Huntington, including approval of the liquidity risk appetite at least annually. The liquidity risk appetite includes liquidity risk metrics that are designed and monitored to ensure Huntington maintains adequate liquidity to meet current and future funding needs, including during periods of potential stress. Further, the ALCO is appointed by the ROC to oversee liquidity risk management, including the establishment of liquidity risk policies and additional liquidity risk metrics and limits to support our overall liquidity risk appetite. Liquidity risk appetite metrics monitored by senior management and reported to the Board at least semi-annually include loans as a percentage of customer deposits, a structural funding ratio, internal liquidity stress test coverage ratios, an investment portfolio market value to book value ratio, and a holding company cash coverage ratio. Additional key liquidity risk metrics monitored by senior management and reported to ALCO monthly include unsecured wholesale funding as a percentage of liquid assets, wholesale funding as a percentage of tangible assets, and varying types of internally defined liquidity coverage ratios, including minimum reserve balances at the FRB and U.S. Treasury holdings relative to internal liquidity stress outflows. Our liquidity risk metric monitoring thresholds are evaluated at a minimum annually, and more frequently if conditions warrant.
 74 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Liquidity risk is managed centrally by Corporate Treasury with independent oversight of liquidity risk performed by Corporate Risk Management. Our liquidity position is evaluated daily, weekly, and monthly by analyzing the composition of all funding sources, reviewing projected liquidity commitments by future months, and identifying sources and uses of funds. The overall management of our liquidity position is also integrated into consumer and commercial pricing policies to ensure a stable deposit base. Liquidity risk is reviewed and managed continuously for the Bank and the parent company, as well as its subsidiaries. In addition, liquidity working groups meet regularly to identify and monitor liquidity positions, provide policy guidance, review funding strategies, and oversee the adherence to, and maintenance of, contingency funding plans. At December 31, 2024, management believes current sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet Huntington's on and off-balance sheet obligations.
 We maintain a contingency funding plan that provides for liquidity stress testing, which assesses the potential erosion of funds in the event of an institution-specific event or systemic financial market crisis. Examples of institution specific events could include a downgrade in our public credit rating by a rating agency, a large charge to earnings, declines in profitability or other financial measures, declines in liquidity sources including reductions in deposit balances or access to contingent funding sources, or a significant merger or acquisition. Examples of systemic events unrelated to us that could have an effect on our access to liquidity would be terrorism or war, natural disasters, political events, failure of a major financial institution, or the default or bankruptcy of a major corporation, mutual fund, or hedge fund. Similarly, market speculation or rumors about us, or the banking industry in general, may adversely affect the cost and availability of normal funding sources. The contingency funding plan, which is reviewed and approved by the ROC at least annually, outlines the process for addressing a liquidity crisis and provides for an evaluation of funding sources under various market conditions. It also assigns specific roles and responsibilities and communication protocols for effectively managing liquidity through a problem period and outlines early warning indicators that are used to monitor emerging liquidity stress events.
 Our largest source of liquidity on a consolidated basis is customer deposits, which provide stable and lower-cost funding. Our customer deposits come from a base of primary bank customer relationships, and we continue to focus on acquiring and deepening those relationships resulting in a diversified deposit base. Total deposits were $162.4 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $151.2 billion at December 31, 2023. The $11.2 billion, or 7%, increase in total deposits during 2024 was primarily driven by an increase in money market and interest-bearing demand deposits, partially offset by a decrease in time deposits. Total deposits included $7.0 billion of brokered deposits primarily consisting of brokered money market balances at December 31, 2024, compared to $5.3 billion at December 31, 2023. The level of brokered deposits was below our established liquidity risk metric limits at December 31, 2024.
 Insured deposits comprised approximately 69% of our total deposits at December 31, 2024, compared to 70% at December 31, 2023.
 2024 Form 10-K 75

 The following table presents a summary of deposits.

 Table 19 - Deposit Composition

 2024
 2023

 By Type:

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 $
 29,345
 %
 $
 30,967
 %

 Demand deposits—interest-bearing
 43,378
 39,190

 Money market deposits
 60,730
 50,185

 Savings deposits

 14,723
 15,763

 Time deposits

 14,272
 15,125

 Total deposits
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Total deposits (insured/uninsured):

 Insured deposits
 $
 112,394
 %
 $
 105,986
 %

 Uninsured deposits (1)

 50,054
 45,244

 Total deposits
 $
 %
 $
 %

 (1)Represents consolidated Huntington uninsured deposits, determined by adjusting the amounts reported in the Bank Call Report (FFIEC 031) by inter-company deposits, which are not customer deposits and are therefore eliminated through consolidation. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank Call Report uninsured deposit balance was $54.6 billion, which includes $4.5 billion of inter-company deposits. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank Call Report uninsured deposit balance was $49.8 billion, which includes $4.6 billion of inter-company deposits.
 The majority of our time deposits have a contractual maturity of less than one year. The following table presents the contractual maturities of time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

 Table 20 - Maturity of Deposits in Excess of Insurance Limit

 3 months
or less
 3 months
to 6 months
 6 months
to 12 months
 12 months
or more
 Total

 Portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of insurance limit
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,473

 Wholesale funding
 Sources of wholesale funding include non-customer brokered deposits, short-term borrowings, and long-term debt. Our wholesale funding totaled $23.6 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $18.3 billion at December 31, 2023, with the increase primarily due to increases in long-term FHLB borrowings, brokered deposits, and long-term collateralized borrowings. For further information on our short-term borrowings and long-term debt, refer to Note 10 - " Borrowings " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Cash and cash equivalents and securities
 Cash and cash equivalents were $12.8 billion and $10.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The $2.7 billion increase in cash and cash equivalents during 2024 was primarily due to an increase in interest-earning deposits at the FRB to support short-term liquidity.
 Our investment securities portfolio is evaluated under established ALCO objectives. Changing market conditions could affect the profitability of the portfolio, as well as the level of interest rate risk exposure.
 Total investment securities were $43.7 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $41.2 billion at December 31, 2023. The $2.5 billion increase in securities compared to December 31, 2023, was due to increased investment in U.S. Treasury securities, partially offset by maturities and sales during the year. At December 31, 2024, the duration of the investment securities portfolio was 4.3 years, or 3.8 years net of hedging. Securities are pledged to secure borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB, discussed further in the Bank Liquidity and Sources of Funding section below. At December 31, 2024, investment securities with a market value of $5.8 billion were unpledged.
 76 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The weighted average yield by maturity of the investment securities portfolio is presented in the following table.

 Table 21 - Investment Securities Weighted Average Yield by Maturity

 1 year or less

 After 1 year through 5 years
 After 5 years through 10 years
 After 10 years
 Total

 4.94
 %
 3.96
 %
 —
 %
 —
 %
 4.39
 %

 —
 —
 1.71
 2.19
 2.18

 —
 —
 2.49
 3.43
 3.43

 —
 —
 2.05
 2.89
 2.84

 2.48
 1.70
 6.74
 6.64
 4.04

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency, and other agency securities

 4.93
 3.92
 2.06
 2.55
 3.03

 6.41
 5.66
 4.64
 4.73
 5.24

 3.64
 2.08
 2.97
 —
 2.28

 5.31
 1.90
 1.67
 2.45
 2.81

 0.72
 2.48
 2.44
 2.95
 2.70

 5.30
 5.09
 —
 —
 5.23

 5.16
 %
 4.01
 %
 4.09
 %
 2.64
 %
 3.29
 %

 4.63
 %
 3.93
 %
 —
 %
 —
 %
 4.01
 %

 —
 —
 —
 2.54
 2.54

 —
 —
 2.68
 2.55
 2.55

 —
 —
 3.05
 2.32
 2.33

 2.57
 2.46
 2.47
 2.58
 2.52

 Total federal agencies and other agencies

 4.57
 3.91
 2.78
 2.52
 2.71

 —
 —
 —
 2.63
 2.63

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 4.57
 %
 3.91
 %
 2.78
 %
 2.52
 %
 2.71
 %

 (1)Weighted average yields were calculated using amortized cost on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, assuming a 21% tax rate where applicable.
 Bank Liquidity and Sources of Funding
 Our primary sources of funding for the Bank are customer deposits. At December 31, 2024, customer deposits funded 76% of total assets (120% of total loans). To the extent we are unable to obtain sufficient liquidity through customer deposits, cash and cash equivalents, and securities, we may meet our liquidity needs through wholesale funding and asset securitization or sale. Additionally, the Bank may also access funding through intercompany notes or parent company deposits placed at the bank.
 The Bank maintains borrowing capacity at both the FHLB and FRB secured by pledged loans and securities. The Bank does not consider borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve a primary source of funding, however, it could be used as a potential source of liquidity in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. At December 31, 2024, the Bank's available contingent borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB totaled $85.5 billion, compared to $83.0 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase reflects our continued optimization of contingent borrowing capacity through the pledging of incremental assets. The amount of available contingent borrowing capacity may fluctuate based on the level of borrowings outstanding and level of assets pledged.
 At December 31, 2024, we believe the Bank has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash flow obligations over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
 2024 Form 10-K 77

 Parent Company Liquidity
 The parent company's primary financial obligations consist of dividends to shareholders, debt service, income taxes, operating expenses, funding of nonbank subsidiaries, repurchases of our stock, and acquisitions. The parent company obtains funding to meet obligations from dividends and interest received from the Bank, interest and dividends received from direct subsidiaries, net taxes collected from subsidiaries included in the federal consolidated tax return, fees for services provided to subsidiaries, and the issuance of debt instruments.
 The parent company had cash and cash equivalents of $4.1 billion and $4.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which was held in deposit at the Bank. See Note 23 - " Parent-Only Financial Statements " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details on parent company cash flows.
 On January 15, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.155 per common share. The dividend is payable on April 1, 2025, to shareholders of record on March 18, 2025. Based on the current quarterly dividend of $0.155 per common share, cash demands required for common stock dividends are estimated to be approximately $225 million per quarter. Additionally, on January 15, 2025, our Board of Directors declared quarterly Series B, F, G, H, and J Preferred Stock dividends payable on April 15, 2025 to shareholders of record on April 1, 2025. On December 5, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend for the Series I Preferred Stock payable on March 3, 2025 to shareholders of record on February 15, 2025. Total cash demands required for preferred stock dividends are expected to be approximately $27 million per quarter.
 During 2024, the Bank paid common and preferred dividends to the parent company of $2.0 billion and $56 million, respectively. To meet any additional liquidity needs, the parent company may issue debt or equity securities. To support the parent company's ability to issue debt or equity securities, we have filed with the SEC an automatic shelf registration statement covering an indeterminate amount or number of securities to be offered or sold from time to time as authorized by the Huntington's Board of Directors.
 At December 31, 2024, we believe the Company has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet its cash flow obligations over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements. These arrangements include commitments to extend credit, interest rate swaps, floors, financial guarantees contained in standby letters-of-credit issued by the Bank, and commitments by the Bank to sell mortgage loans.
 COMMITMENTS TO EXTEND CREDIT
 Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates, are variable-rate, and contain clauses that permit Huntington to terminate or otherwise renegotiate the contracts in the event of a significant deterioration in the customer's credit quality. These arrangements normally require the payment of a fee by the customer, the pricing of which is based on prevailing market conditions, credit quality, probability of funding, and other relevant factors. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The interest rate risk arising from these financial instruments is insignificant as a result of their predominantly short-term, variable-rate nature. See Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 STANDBY LETTERS-OF-CREDIT
 Standby letters-of-credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Most of these arrangements mature within two years and are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Standby letters-of-credit are included in the determination of the amount of risk-based capital that the parent company and the Bank are required to hold. Through our credit process, we monitor the credit risks of outstanding standby letters-of-credit. When it is probable that a standby letter-of-credit will be drawn and not repaid in full, a loss is recognized in the provision for credit losses. See Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 78 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 COMMITMENTS TO SELL LOANS
 Activity related to our mortgage origination activity supports the hedging of the mortgage pricing commitments to customers and the secondary sale to third parties. In addition, we have commitments to sell residential real estate loans. These contracts mature in less than one year. See Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 We enter into various contractual obligations in the normal course of business, certain of which require future payments that could impact our liquidity and capital resources. These obligations include purchase commitments, which represent substantial agreements to purchase goods or receive services, such as data management, media, and other software and third-party services that are enforceable and legally binding. Purchase commitments totaled $716 million as of December 31, 2024 and $581 million as of December 31, 2023. These obligations additionally include deposits, borrowings, operating lease obligations, commitments to extend credit, commitments to fund certain equity investments, and obligations to fund pension and post-retirement benefit plans. See Note 10 - " Borrowings ", Note 9 - " Operating Leases ", Note 21 - " Commitments and Contingent Liabilities ", Note 20 - " Variable Interest Entities ", and Note 16 - " Benefit Plans " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

 Operational Risk
 Operational risk is the risk of loss due to human error, third-party performance failures, or inadequate or failed internal systems and controls, including the use of financial or other quantitative methodologies that may not adequately predict future results; violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, or ethical standards; and external influences such as market conditions, fraudulent activities, disasters, failed business contingency plans, and security risks. We continuously strive to test and strengthen our system of internal controls to ensure compliance with significant contracts, agreements, laws, rules, and regulations, to reduce our exposure to fraud, and to improve the oversight of our operational risk.
 To govern operational risks, we have an Operational Risk Committee, a Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Committee, a Funds Movement Committee, a Fraud Risk Committee, an Information and Technology Risk Committee, and a Third Party Risk Management Committee. The responsibilities of these committees, among other duties, include establishing and maintaining management information systems to monitor material risks and to identify potential concerns, risks, or trends that may have a significant impact and ensuring that recommendations are developed to address the identified issues. In addition, we have a Model Risk Oversight Committee that is responsible for policies and procedures describing how model risk is evaluated and managed and the application of the governance process to implement these practices throughout the enterprise. These committees report any significant findings and remediation recommendations to the Risk Management Committee. Potential concerns may be escalated to our ROC and our Audit Committee, as appropriate.
 The goal of this framework is to implement effective operational risk-monitoring; minimize operational, fraud, and legal losses; minimize the impact of inadequately designed models; and enhance our overall performance.
 Cybersecurity
 Cybersecurity represents an important component of Huntington's overall cross-functional approach to risk management. We actively manage a cybersecurity operation designed to detect, contain, and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents in a prompt and effective manner with the goal of minimizing disruptions to our business. We actively monitor cyberattacks, such as attempts related to online deception and loss of sensitive customer data. We evaluate our technology, processes, and controls to mitigate loss from cyberattacks and, to date, have not experienced any material losses. Cybersecurity threats continue to evolve and increase across the entire digital landscape. We actively monitor our environment for malicious content and implement specific cybersecurity and fraud capabilities, including the monitoring of phishing email campaigns. In addition, we have implemented specific cybersecurity and fraud monitoring of remote connections by geography and volume of connections to detect anomalous remote logins, since a significant portion of our workforce works remotely from time-to-time.
 2024 Form 10-K 79

 Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of both internal and external threat events or other efforts to penetrate our systems. We work to achieve this objective by hardening networks and systems against attack, and by diligently managing visibility and monitoring controls within our data and communications environment to recognize events and respond before the attacker has the opportunity to plan and execute on its own goals. To this end we employ a set of defense in-depth strategies, which include efforts to make us less attractive as a target and less vulnerable to threats, while investing in threat analytic capabilities for rapid detection and response. Potential concerns related to cybersecurity may be escalated to our board-level ROC and/or Technology Committee, as appropriate.
 As a complement to the overall cybersecurity risk management, we use a number of internal training methods, both formally through mandatory courses and informally through written communications and other updates, to ensure awareness of the risks of cybersecurity threats at all levels across the organization. Internal policies and procedures have been implemented to encourage the reporting of potential phishing attacks or other security risks. We also use third-party services to test the effectiveness of our cybersecurity risk management framework, and any such third parties are required to comply with our policies regarding information security and confidentiality.

 Compliance Risk
 Financial institutions are subject to many laws, rules, and regulations at both the federal and state levels. These broad-based laws, rules, and regulations include, but are not limited to, expectations relating to anti-money laundering, lending limits, client privacy, fair lending, prohibitions against unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, protections for military members as they enter active duty, and community reinvestment. The volume and complexity of recent regulatory changes have increased our overall compliance risk. As such, we utilize various resources to help ensure expectations are met, including a team of compliance experts dedicated to ensuring our conformance with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Our colleagues receive training for several broad-based laws and regulations including, but not limited to, anti-money laundering and customer privacy. Additionally, colleagues engaged in lending activities receive training for laws and regulations related to flood disaster protection, equal credit opportunity, fair lending, and/or other courses related to the extension of credit. We hold ourselves to a high standard for adherence to compliance management and seek to continuously enhance our performance.

 CAPITAL
 (This section should be read in conjunction with the " Regulatory Matters " section included in Part I, Item 1: Business and Note 22 - " Other Regulatory Matters " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
 Our primary capital objective is to maintain appropriate levels of capital within our Board-approved risk appetite to support the Bank's operations, absorb unanticipated losses and declines in asset values, and provide protection to uninsured depositors and debt holders in the event of liquidation, while also funding organic growth and providing appropriate returns to our shareholders. Both regulatory capital and shareholders' equity are managed at the Bank and on a consolidated basis. We have an active program for managing capital and maintain a comprehensive process for assessing the Company's overall capital adequacy, including the monitoring and reporting of capital risk metrics to the Board and ROC that we believe are useful for evaluating capital adequacy and making capital decisions. In addition to as-reported regulatory capital and tangible common equity metrics, which are discussed in more detail below, we also actively monitor other measures of capital, such as tangible common equity including the mark-to-market impact on HTM securities and CET1 inclusive of AOCI excluding cash flow hedges. We believe our current levels of both regulatory capital and shareholders' equity are adequate.
 Regulatory Capital
 We are subject to the Basel III capital requirements including the standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets in accordance with subpart D of the final capital rule. The following table presents consolidated risk-weighted assets and other financial data necessary to calculate certain financial ratios, including CET1, which we use to measure capital adequacy.
 80 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 22 - Capital Under Current Regulatory Standards

 2024
 2023

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio:

 Total shareholders' equity
 $
 $

 Regulatory capital adjustments:

 CECL transitional amount (1)

 Shareholders' preferred equity and related surplus
 (1,999)
 (2,404)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 2,866
 2,676

 Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of taxes
 (5,534)
 (5,591)

 Deferred tax assets that arise from tax loss and credit carryforwards
 (55)
 (41)

 CET1 capital
 15,127
 14,212

 Additional tier 1 capital

 Shareholders' preferred equity and related surplus
 1,999
 2,404

 Tier 1 capital
 17,126
 16,616

 Long-term debt and other tier 2 qualifying instruments
 1,641
 1,306

 Qualifying allowance for loan and lease losses
 1,798
 1,735

 Tier 2 capital
 3,439
 3,041

 Total risk-based capital
 $
 20,565
 $
 19,657

 RWA
 $
 143,650
 $
 138,706

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 10.5
 %
 10.2
 %

 Other regulatory capital data:

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 11.9
 12.0

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 14.3
 14.2

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 8.6
 9.3

 (1)Huntington elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period which began January 1, 2022 pursuant to a rule that allows bank holding companies and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we have phased in 75% and 50%, respectively, of the cumulative CECL deferral, with the cumulative CECL deferral fully phased in beginning January 1, 2025.

 Table 23 - Capital Adequacy—Non-Regulatory (Non-GAAP)

 2024
 2023

 Consolidated capital calculations:

 Total shareholders' equity
 $
 $

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 (5,657)
 (5,704)

 Deferred tax liability on other intangible assets (1)

 Total tangible equity (2)
 14,103
 13,679

 Preferred equity
 (1,989)
 (2,394)

 Total tangible common equity (2)
 $
 12,114
 $
 11,285

 $
 204,230
 $
 189,368

 Goodwill and other intangible assets
 (5,657)
 (5,704)

 Deferred tax liability on other intangible assets (1)

 Total tangible assets (2)
 $
 198,593
 $
 183,694

 Tangible equity / tangible asset ratio (2)
 7.1
 %
 7.4
 %

 Tangible common equity / tangible asset ratio (2)
 6.1
 6.1

 Tangible common equity / RWA ratio (2)
 8.4
 8.1

 (1)Deferred tax liability related to other intangible assets is calculated at a 21% tax rate.
 (2)Tangible equity, tangible common equity, and tangible assets, as well as ratios utilizing these financial measures are non-GAAP financial measures. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the Additional Disclosures section.
 2024 Form 10-K 81

 The following table presents certain regulatory capital data at the consolidated and Bank level.

 Table 24 - Regulatory Capital Data (1)

 2024
 2023

 Total risk-weighted assets
 $
 143,650
 $
 138,706

 Bank
 143,128
 138,462

 CET1 risk-based capital
 15,127
 14,212

 Bank
 16,540
 14,671

 Tier 1 risk-based capital
 17,126
 16,616

 Bank
 17,746
 15,879

 Tier 2 risk-based capital
 3,439
 3,042

 Bank
 2,494
 2,247

 Total risk-based capital
 20,565
 19,657

 Bank
 20,240
 18,126

 CET1 risk-based capital ratio
 10.5
 %
 10.2
 %

 Bank
 11.6
 10.6

 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
 11.9
 12.0

 Bank
 12.4
 11.5

 Total risk-based capital ratio
 14.3
 14.2

 Bank
 14.1
 13.1

 Tier 1 leverage ratio
 8.6
 9.3

 Bank
 8.9
 8.5

 (1) Huntington and the Bank elected to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital until January 1, 2022 pursuant to a rule that allowed BHCs and banks to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we have phased in 75% and 50%, respectively, of the cumulative CECL deferral, with the cumulative CECL deferral fully phased in beginning January 1, 2025.
 At December 31, 2024, Huntington and the Bank maintained capital ratios in excess of the well-capitalized standards established by the Federal Reserve. Our consolidated CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 10.5% at December 31, 2024 increased approximately 30 basis points during the year, primarily due to current period earnings, net of dividends, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets and a reduction in the CECL transitional amount. The Bank CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 11.6% increased approximately 100 basis points during the year driven by net income and a $1.75 billion capital contribution from the parent, partially offset by dividends paid to the parent, an increase in risk-weighted assets, and a reduction in the CECL transitional amount. The increase in risk-weighted assets was driven by loan growth, partially offset by the impact of two CLN transactions completed during 2024. The CLN transactions involved an original aggregate reference pool of approximately $8 billion of on-balance sheet prime indirect auto loans as part of the company's capital optimization strategy, with the transactions reducing the risk-weighting on the reference pool of assets by approximately 75%.
 Shareholders' Equity
 We generate shareholders' equity primarily through the retention of earnings, net of dividends. Other potential sources of shareholders' equity include issuances of common and preferred stock. Our objective is to maintain capital at an amount commensurate with our risk appetite and risk tolerance objectives, to meet both regulatory and market expectations, and to provide the flexibility needed for future growth and business opportunities.
 Shareholders' equity totaled $19.7 billion at December 31, 2024, an increase of $387 million, or 2%, when compared with December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by earnings, net of dividends, partially offset by the $405 million redemption of Series E preferred stock, and changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss driven by changes in interest rates.
 82 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Share Repurchases
 From time to time the Board of Directors authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of our common stock. Although we announce when our Board authorizes share repurchases, we typically do not give any public notice before we repurchase our shares. Future stock repurchases may be private or open-market repurchases, including block transactions, accelerated or delayed block transactions, forward transactions, and similar transactions. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our share repurchases, including our capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue for employee benefit plans and acquisitions, market conditions (including the trading price of our stock), and regulatory and legal considerations.
 Huntington did not have any share repurchases during 2024 or 2023. As part of our 2024 capital plan and our
 current expectation that organic capital will be used for funding loan and lease growth and increase overall capital levels, we do not expect to have share repurchases through 2025.

 BUSINESS SEGMENT DISCUSSION
 Overview
 Our business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how management monitors results and assesses performance. We have two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking. The Treasury / Other function includes all other items not included within our two business segments, including technology and operations, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 Business segment results are determined based upon our management practices, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around our organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions.
 Revenue Sharing
 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing is recorded to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to or providing service to customers. Results of operations for the business segments reflect these fee sharing allocations.
 Expense Allocation
 The management process that develops the business segment reporting utilizes various estimates and allocation methodologies to measure the performance of the business segments. Expenses are allocated to business segments using a two-phase approach. The first phase consists of measuring and assigning unit costs (activity-based costs) to activities related to product origination and servicing. These activity-based costs are then extended, based on volumes, with the resulting amount allocated to business segments that own the related products. The second phase consists of the allocation of overhead costs to the business segments from Treasury / Other. We utilize a full-allocation methodology, where all Treasury / Other expenses, except reported acquisition-related expenses, if any, and a small amount of other residual unallocated expenses, are allocated to the business segments.
 Funds Transfer Pricing (FTP)
 We use an active and centralized FTP methodology to attribute appropriate net interest income to the business segments. The intent of the FTP methodology is to transfer interest rate risk from the business segments by providing modeled duration funding of assets and liabilities. The result is to centralize the financial impact, management, and reporting of interest rate risk in the Treasury / Other function where it can be centrally monitored and managed. The Treasury / Other function charges (credits) an internal cost of funds for assets held in (or pays for funding provided by) each business segment. The FTP rate is based on prevailing market interest rates for comparable duration assets (or liabilities). The primary components of the FTP rate include a base (market) rate, a liquidity premium, contingent liquidity and collateral charges, and option cost.
 2024 Form 10-K 83

 Net Income (Loss) by Business Segment
 Net income (loss) for our business segments and Treasury/Other function for the past three years is presented in the following table.

 Table 25 - Net Income (Loss) by Business Segment

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 1,512
 $
 1,315
 $
 1,027

 1,153
 1,179
 1,087

 (725)
 (543)

 $
 1,940
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238

 Table 26 - Key Performance Indicators for Consumer & Regional Banking

 (dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise noted)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 4,070
 $
 3,717
 $
 %
 $
 3,213

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 3,786
 3,471
 2,953

 1,301
 1,257
 1,272

 1,135
 1,138
 (3)
 —
 1,124

 2,038
 1,926
 1,800

 3,173
 3,064
 2,924

 Income before income taxes

 1,914
 1,664
 1,301

 $
 1,512
 $
 1,315
 $
 %
 $
 1,027

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 11,191
 11,536
 (345)
 (3)
 %
 11,984

 Total average assets
 $
 75,021
 $
 71,214
 $
 3,807
 $
 69,176

 Total average loans/leases
 69,181
 65,349
 3,832
 62,881

 Total average deposits
 110,180
 105,821
 4,359
 105,469

 Net interest margin
 3.63
 %
 3.45
 %
 0.18
 %
 2.99
 %

 NCOs
 $
 $
 $
 $

 NCOs as a % of average loans and leases
 0.31
 %
 0.24
 %
 0.07
 %
 0.19
 %

 Total assets under management (in billions)—eop
 $
 34.0
 $
 29.0
 $
 5.0
 $
 26.1

 Total trust assets (in billions)—eop
 198.7
 172.2
 26.5
 135.7

 Consumer & Regional Banking reported net income of $1.5 billion in 2024, an increase of $197 million, or 15%, compared to the year-ago period. Segment net interest income increased $353 million, or 9%, primarily due to a $3.8 billion, or 6%, increase in average loans and leases and an 18 basis point increase in NIM. The provision for credit losses increased $38 million, or 15%, driven by a combination of current year loan and lease growth and increased charge off activity, largely offset by a modest reduction in overall coverage ratios. Noninterest income increased $44 million, or 4%, primarily due to increases in wealth and asset management revenue, reflecting higher assets under management, payments and cash management revenue, reflecting higher card transaction revenue, customer deposit and loan fees, and mortgage banking income, partially offset by a $57 million gain on the sale of our RPS business recognized during 2023. Noninterest expense increased $109 million, or 4%, driven by an increase in corporate allocations.
 84 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Table 27 - Key Performance Indicators for Commercial Banking

 (dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise noted)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 2,123
 $
 2,162
 $
 (39)
 (2)
 %
 $
 1,807

 (20)
 (13)

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 1,987
 2,006
 (19)
 (1)
 1,778

 (21)
 (3)

 1,218
 1,134
 1,056

 Income before income taxes

 1,485
 1,518
 (33)
 (2)
 1,389

 (7)
 (2)

 —
 —

 $
 1,153
 $
 1,179
 $
 (26)
 (2)
 %
 $
 1,087

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 2,408
 2,276
 %
 2,100

 Total average assets
 $
 63,652
 $
 63,932
 $
 (280)
 —
 $
 59,772

 Total average loans/leases
 55,075
 55,385
 (310)
 (1)
 52,094

 Total average deposits
 38,731
 36,152
 2,579
 34,771

 Net interest margin
 3.66
 %
 3.74
 %
 (0.08)
 %
 (2)
 3.30
 %

 NCOs
 $
 $
 $
 $

 NCOs as a % of average loans and leases
 0.28
 %
 0.21
 %
 0.07
 %
 —
 %

 Commercial Banking reported net income of $1.2 billion in 2024, a decrease of $26 million, or 2%, compared to the year-ago period. Segment net interest income decreased $39 million, or 2%, primarily due to an 8 basis point decrease in NIM driven by higher deposit rates and a $310 million decrease in average loans and leases, partially offset by a $2.6 billion, or 7%, increase in average deposits. The provision for credit losses decreased $20 million due to a modest reduction in coverage ratio in the commercial portfolio, reflecting the current macroeconomic environment, partially offset by an increase in charge-off activity in 2024. Noninterest income increased $70 million, or 11%, primarily due to increases in capital markets and advisory fees, commitment and other loan fees, and payment and cash management fees, partially offset by a decrease in leasing revenue. Noninterest expense increased $84 million, or 7%, primarily due to increased personnel expense reflecting higher incentive compensation due to increased capital markets and advisory fees, investment in industry verticals, and new teams related to expansion across new geographies.

 The Treasury / Other function includes revenue and expense related to assets, liabilities, derivatives (including mark-to-market of interest rate swaps, as applicable), and equity not directly assigned or allocated to one of the business segments. Assets include investment securities and bank owned life insurance.
 2024 Form 10-K 85

 Net interest income includes the impact of administering our investment securities portfolios, the net impact of derivatives used to hedge interest rate sensitivity, as well as the financial impact associated with our FTP methodology, as described above. Noninterest income includes miscellaneous fee income not allocated to other business segments, such as bank owned life insurance income and securities and trading asset gains or losses. Noninterest expense includes certain corporate administrative, acquisition-related expenses, if any, and other miscellaneous expenses not allocated to other business segments. The provision for income taxes for the business segments is calculated at a statutory 21% tax rate, although our overall effective tax rate is lower.

 Table 28 - Key Performance Indicators for Treasury / Other

 (dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise noted)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 (848)
 $
 (440)
 $
 (408)
 (93)
 %
 $

 (788)
 (513)
 (275)
 (54)
 (612)

 (205)
 (55)

 (Loss) income before income taxes

 (996)
 (798)
 (198)
 (25)

 Benefit for income taxes

 (271)
 (255)
 (16)
 (6)
 (51)

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Net (loss) income attributable to Huntington

 $
 (725)
 $
 (543)
 $
 (182)
 (34)
 %
 $

 Number of employees (average full-time equivalent)

 6,334
 6,143
 %
 5,836

 Total average assets
 $
 57,587
 $
 52,410
 $
 5,177
 $
 49,820

 Treasury / Other reported a net loss of $725 million in 2024, an increase in net loss of $182 million, compared to the year-ago period, driven by a decrease in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest expense. Net interest income decreased $408 million primarily due to a higher cost of funds and the impact from derivatives. Noninterest expense decreased $205 million primarily due to an increase in corporate allocations.

 ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES
 Forward-Looking Statements
 This report, including MD&A, contains certain forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, certain plans, expectations, goals, projections, and statements, which are not historical facts and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Statements that do not describe historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as expect, anticipate, believe, intend, estimate, plan, target, goal, or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, may, might, should, would, could, or similar variations. The forward-looking statements are intended to be subject to the safe harbor provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
 86 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in the forward-looking statements: changes in general economic, political, or industry conditions; deterioration in business and economic conditions, including persistent inflation, supply chain issues or labor shortages, instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets; changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs; the impact of pandemics and other catastrophic events or disasters on the global economy and financial market conditions and our business, results of operations, and financial condition; the impacts related to or resulting from bank failures and other volatility, including potential increased regulatory requirements and costs, such as FDIC special assessments, long-term debt requirements and heightened capital requirements, and potential impacts to macroeconomic conditions, which could affect the ability of depository institutions, including us, to attract and retain depositors and to borrow or raise capital; unexpected outflows of uninsured deposits which may require us to sell investment securities at a loss; changing interest rates which could negatively impact the value of our portfolio of investment securities; the loss of value of our investment portfolio which could negatively impact market perceptions of us and could lead to deposit withdrawals; the effects of social media on market perceptions of us and banks generally; cybersecurity risks; uncertainty in U.S. fiscal and monetary policy, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve; volatility and disruptions in global capital and credit markets; movements in interest rates; competitive pressures on product pricing and services; success, impact, and timing of our business strategies, including market acceptance of any new products or services including those implementing our "Fair Play" banking philosophy; changes in policies and standards for regulatory review of bank mergers; the nature, extent, timing, and results of governmental actions, examinations, reviews, reforms, regulations, and interpretations, including those related to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, as well as those involving the OCC, Federal Reserve, FDIC, and CFPB; and other factors that may affect the future results of Huntington.
 All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and are based on information available at that time. Huntington does not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements were made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events except as required by federal securities laws. As forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties, caution should be exercised against placing undue reliance on such statements.
 Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 This document contains GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP financial measures where management believes it to be helpful in understanding our results of operations or financial position. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure, can be found herein.
 Fully-Taxable Equivalent Basis
 Interest income, yields, and ratios on an FTE basis are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes net interest income on an FTE basis provides an insightful picture of the interest margin for comparison purposes. The FTE basis also allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The FTE basis assumes a federal statutory tax rate of 21%. We encourage readers to consider the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information contained in this Form 10-K in their entirety, and not to rely on any single financial measure.
 2024 Form 10-K 87

 Non-Regulatory Capital Ratios
 In addition to capital ratios defined by banking regulators, the Company considers various other measures when evaluating capital utilization and adequacy, including tangible common equity to tangible assets.
 Non-regulatory capital ratios are viewed by management as useful additional methods of reflecting the level of capital available to withstand unexpected market conditions. Additionally, presentation of these ratios allows readers to compare our capitalization to other financial services companies. These ratios differ from capital ratios defined by banking regulators principally in that the numerator excludes goodwill and other intangible assets, the nature and extent of which varies among different financial services companies. These ratios are not defined in GAAP or federal banking regulations. As a result, these non-regulatory capital ratios disclosed by the Company are considered non-GAAP financial measures.
 Because there are no standardized definitions for non-regulatory capital ratios, the Company's calculation methods may differ from those used by other financial services companies. Also, there may be limits in the usefulness of these measures to investors. As a result, we encourage readers to consider the Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information contained in this Form 10-K in their entirety, and not to rely on any single financial measure.
 Risk Factors
 More information on risk is discussed in the Risk Factors section included in Item 1A: " Risk Factors " of this report. Additional information regarding risk factors can also be found in the Risk Management and Capital discussion of this report, as well as the " Regulatory Matters " section included in Item 1: Business of this report.
 Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates
 Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 1 - " Significant Accounting Policies " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this MD&A, describes the significant accounting policies we used in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 An accounting estimate requires assumptions and judgments about uncertain matters that could have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimates are made under facts and circumstances at a point in time, and changes in those facts and circumstances could produce results substantially different from those estimates. Our most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related application are discussed below.
 Allowance for Credit Losses
 Our ACL at December 31, 2024 represents our current estimate of the lifetime credit losses expected from our loan and lease portfolio and our unfunded lending commitments. Management estimates the ACL by projecting probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default, conditional on economic parameters, for the remaining contractual term. Internal factors that impact the quarterly allowance estimate include the level of outstanding balances, the portfolio performance and assigned risk ratings. We utilize statistically-based models that employ assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of our loan portfolio. As part of our model risk oversight, we perform ongoing monitoring of model performance to assess modeling approaches and identify potential model enhancements, which may result in updates to our statistically based models from time-to-time.
 One of the most significant judgments influencing the ACL estimate is the macroeconomic forecasts. Key external economic parameters that directly impact our loss modeling framework include forecasted unemployment rates and GDP. Changes in the economic forecasts could significantly affect the estimated credit losses, which could potentially lead to materially different allowance levels from one reporting period to the next.
 Given the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic variables within our modeling framework, it is difficult to estimate the impact of a change in any one individual variable on the allowance. As a result, management uses a probability-weighted approach that incorporates a baseline, an adverse, and a more favorable economic scenario when formulating the quantitative estimate.
 88 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 To illustrate a hypothetical sensitivity analysis, management calculated a quantitative allowance using a 100% weighting applied to an adverse scenario. This scenario contemplates elevated interest rates weakening credit-sensitive consumer spending and confidence, growing concerns about the impact of potential tariffs reducing consumer and business sentiment, and deepening fiscal disputes in Congress causing further sentiment decline. Concerns about the banking industry also impact consumer confidence, causing banks to tighten lending standards. Increased geopolitical tensions between China and Taiwan briefly impact the supply chain for semiconductors and the threat of a wider conflict causes consumer confidence to fall. Additionally, the Russian invasion of Ukraine lasts longer than in the baseline scenario and concerns increase around the current conflict in the Middle East leading to a broader war in the region. The combination of still elevated interest rates, political tensions, and tightening lending standards cause the stock market to fall. The economy falls into a recession in the first quarter of 2025. In response to the recession, the Federal Reserve cuts the federal funds rate more aggressively with rates significantly below the baseline forecast starting in the first quarter of 2025. Under this scenario, as an example, the unemployment rate increases from baseline levels and remains elevated for a prolonged period. The rate in this adverse scenario is projected at 8.2% at the end of 2025, approximately 4.1% higher than the baseline scenario projection.
 To demonstrate the sensitivity to key economic parameters used in the calculation of our ACL at December 31, 2024, management calculated the difference between our quantitative ACL and this 100% adverse scenario. Excluding consideration of qualitative adjustments, this sensitivity analysis would result in a hypothetical increase in our ACL of approximately $0.8 billion at December 31, 2024.
 The resulting difference is not intended to represent an expected increase in allowance levels for a number of reasons including the following:
 • Management uses a weighted approach applied to multiple economic scenarios for its allowance estimation process;
 • The highly uncertain economic environment;
 • The difficulty in predicting the inter-relationships between the economic parameters used in the various economic scenarios; and
 • The sensitivity estimate does not account for any general reserve components and associated risk profile adjustments incorporated by management as part of its overall allowance framework.
 We regularly review our ACL for appropriateness by performing on-going evaluations of the loan and lease portfolio. In doing so, we consider factors such as the differing economic risks associated with each loan category, the financial condition of specific borrowers, the level of delinquent loans, the value of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or other documented support. We also evaluate the impact of changes in key economic parameters and overall economic conditions on the ability of borrowers to meet their financial obligations when quantifying our exposure to credit losses and assessing the appropriateness of our ACL at each reporting date. Large loan exposures may be addressed through a portfolio heterogeneity reserve. We also consider how significant changes in underwriting policies and procedures could impact the ACL, including consideration of material changes in portfolio growth rates or credit terms. Any changes to management and staffing that could impact lending, collections, or other relevant departments that could increase risk within the allowance process are also contemplated. Observed changes in the quality of the credit review process identified by the second and third line reviews are also given appropriate consideration.
 There is no certainty that our ACL will be appropriate over time to cover losses in our portfolio as economic and market conditions may ultimately differ from our reasonable and supportable forecast. Additionally, events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or our markets such as geopolitical instability, or risks of elevated interest rates for longer including a near-term recession, could severely impact our current expectations. If the credit quality of our customer base materially deteriorates or the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, our net income and capital could be materially adversely affected which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The extent to which the geopolitical instability and risks of elevated interest rates for longer will continue to negatively impact our businesses, financial condition, liquidity, and results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be forecasted with precision at this time.
 2024 Form 10-K 89

 Goodwill
 The acquisition method of accounting requires that assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. The valuation of assets and liabilities often involves estimates based on third party valuations or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques, all of which are inherently subjective. This typically results in goodwill, the amount by which the cost of net assets acquired in a business combination exceeds their fair value, which is subject to impairment testing at least annually.
 Management reviews the goodwill of each reporting unit for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1 or more often if events or circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value.
 Based on our annual impairment analysis of goodwill as of October 1, 2024, it was determined that the fair value of each reporting unit was in excess of its respective carrying value as of October 1, 2024; therefore, goodwill is considered not impaired. Huntington additionally performs sensitivity analyses around discount rate assumptions utilized in order to assess the reasonableness of the rates, and the resulting estimated fair values. As of October 1, 2024, a 100 basis point increase in discount rates would reduce estimated entity level fair value by approximately $3 billion and would not result in any goodwill impairment.
 Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Developments
 Note 2 - " Accounting Standards Update " of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements discusses new accounting pronouncements adopted during 2024 and the expected impact of accounting pronouncements recently issued but not yet required to be adopted. To the extent the adoption of new accounting standards materially affects financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, the impacts are discussed in the applicable section of this MD&A and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 Information required by this item is set forth under the heading of " Market Risk " in Item 7: MD&A, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 Information required by this item is set forth in the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238), Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
 90 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 REPORT OF MANAGEMENT'S EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 The Management of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (Huntington or the Company) is responsible for the financial information and representations contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements and other sections of this report. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In all material respects, they reflect the substance of transactions that should be included based on informed judgments, estimates, and currently available information. Management maintains a system of internal accounting controls, which includes the careful selection and training of qualified personnel, appropriate segregation of responsibilities, communication of written policies and procedures, and a broad program of internal audits. The costs of the controls are balanced against the expected benefits. During 2024, the audit committee of the board of directors met regularly with Management, Huntington's internal auditors, and the independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, to review the scope of their audits and to discuss the evaluation of internal accounting controls and financial reporting matters. The independent registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors have free access to, and meet confidentially with, the audit committee to discuss appropriate matters. Also, Huntington maintains a disclosure review committee. This committee's purpose is to design and maintain disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the financial and operating condition of Huntington is properly reported to its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief auditor, and the audit committee of the board of directors in connection with the preparation and filing of periodic reports and the certification of those reports by the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer.
 REPORT OF MANAGEMENT'S ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Huntington's Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, Management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on that assessment, Management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the next page.

 Stephen D. Steinour – Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer

 Zachary Wasserman – Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 February 14, 2025

 2024 Form 10-K 91

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

 Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of changes in shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

 In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

 Basis for Opinions
 The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

 Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 92 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 Critical Audit Matters
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 Valuation of the General Reserve of the Allowance for Credit Losses
 As described in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, management's estimate of the allowance for credit losses of $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2024 includes a general reserve that consists of various risk-profile reserve components. The risk-profile components consider items unique to the Company's structure, policies, processes, and portfolio composition, as well as qualitative measurements and assessments of the Company's loan portfolios including, but not limited to, economic uncertainty, concentrations, portfolio composition, industry comparisons, and internal review functions.

 The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the general reserve of the allowance for credit losses is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when determining the general reserve, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence relating to the methodology and assumptions used to determine the general reserve, and (ii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

 Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls related to the valuation of the general reserve of the allowance for credit losses. These procedures also included, among others, testing management's process for determining the general reserve, including evaluating the appropriateness of management's methodology, testing the completeness and accuracy of data utilized by management and evaluating the reasonableness of assumptions relating to the general reserve. Evaluating management's assumptions related to the general reserve involved evaluating whether the assumptions used were reasonable considering portfolio composition, relevant market data, and indicators of economic uncertainty. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of management's methodology and assumptions related to the general reserve.

 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 Columbus, Ohio
 February 14, 2025
 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.
 2024 Form 10-K 93

 Consolidated Balance Sheets

 2024
 2023

 Cash and due from banks
 $
 1,685
 $
 1,558

 Interest-earning deposits with banks
 11,647
 8,765

 Loans held for sale (includes $ 652 and $ 506 respectively, measured at fair value)

 Loans and leases (includes $ 173 and $ 174 respectively, measured at fair value)

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 ( 2,244)
 ( 2,255)

 Net loans and leases (1)

 127,798
 119,727

 Bank owned life insurance
 2,793
 2,759

 Accrued income and other receivables
 2,190
 1,646

 Premises and equipment
 1,066
 1,109

 Goodwill
 5,561
 5,561

 Servicing rights and other intangible assets

 Other assets (1)

 5,642
 5,150

 $
 204,230
 $
 189,368

 Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 Deposits:

 Demand deposits—noninterest-bearing
 $
 29,345
 $
 30,967

 Interest-bearing
 133,103
 120,263

 Total deposits

 Long-term debt (1) (includes $ 821 and $ 0, respectively, measured at fair value)

 16,374
 12,394

 Other liabilities (1)

 5,427
 5,726

 184,448
 169,970

 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 21)

 Shareholders' equity

 Preferred stock
 1,989
 2,394

 Common stock

 Capital surplus
 15,484
 15,389

 Less treasury shares, at cost
 ( 86)
 ( 91)

 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 ( 2,866)
 ( 2,676)

 Retained earnings
 5,204
 4,322

 Total Huntington shareholders' equity

 Non-controlling interest

 Total equity
 19,782
 19,398

 Total liabilities and equity
 $
 204,230
 $
 189,368

 Common shares authorized (par value of $ 0.01)

 2,250,000,000
 2,250,000,000

 Common shares outstanding
 1,453,635,809
 1,448,319,953

 Treasury shares outstanding
 6,984,102
 7,403,008

 Preferred stock, authorized shares
 6,617,808
 6,617,808

 Preferred shares outstanding
 877,500
 881,587

 (1) Includes VIE balances in net loans and leases, long-term debt, other assets, and other liabilities of $ 1.1 billion, $ 1.0 billion, $ 264 million, and $ 109 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024, and VIE balances in other assets, and other liabilities of $ 82 million and $ 57 million, at December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 20 - " Variable Interest Entities " for additional information.
 94 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consolidated Statements of Income

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share amounts in thousands)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 Interest and fee income:

 Loans and leases
 $
 7,481
 $
 6,811
 $
 4,816

 Taxable
 1,251
 1,016

 Tax-exempt

 Held-to-maturity securities-taxable

 Other securities-taxable

 Other

 Total interest income
 9,921
 8,916
 5,969

 Interest expense:

 3,572
 2,497

 Total interest expense
 4,576
 3,477

 5,345
 5,439
 5,273

 Net interest income after provision for credit losses
 4,925
 5,037
 4,984

 Noninterest income:

 Net gains (losses) on sales of securities
 ( 21)
 ( 7)
 —

 2,040
 1,921
 1,981

 Personnel costs
 2,701
 2,529
 2,401

 Outside data processing and other services

 Equipment

 Net occupancy

 Marketing

 Deposit and other insurance expense

 Professional services

 Amortization of intangibles

 Lease financing equipment depreciation

 Other noninterest expense

 4,562
 4,574
 4,201

 Income before income taxes
 2,403
 2,384
 2,764

 Income after income taxes
 1,960
 1,971
 2,249

 1,940
 1,951
 2,238

 Dividends on preferred shares

 Impact of preferred stock redemptions and repurchases
 ( 8)
 —

 Net income applicable to common shares
 $
 1,801
 $
 1,817
 $
 2,125

 Average common shares—basic
 1,451,421
 1,446,449
 1,441,279

 Average common shares—diluted
 1,476,442
 1,468,016
 1,465,220

 Per common share:

 Net income—basic
 $
 1.24
 $
 1.26
 $
 1.47

 Net income—diluted
 1.22
 1.24
 1.45

 2024 Form 10-K 95

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 1,940
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238

 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

 Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges

 ( 2,184)

 Translations adjustments, net of hedges
 ( 6)
 ( 5)

 Change in accumulated unrealized losses for pension and other post-retirement obligations

 ( 9)
 ( 3)

 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Huntington

 1,750
 2,373
 ( 631)

 Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest

 Comprehensive income (loss)

 $
 1,770
 $
 2,393
 $
 ( 620)

 96 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

 Preferred Stock
 Common Stock
 AOCI
 Huntington
 Non-

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share amounts in thousands)
 Capital
 Treasury Stock
 Retained
 Shareholders'
 controlling

 Total

 Shares
 Surplus
 Shares
 Earnings
 Equity

 Interest
 Equity

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,394
 1,455,723
 $
 $
 15,389
 ( 7,403)
 $
 ( 91)
 $
 ( 2,676)
 $
 4,322
 $
 $
 $
 19,398

 1,940
 1,940
 1,960

 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 Redemption of preferred stock

 ( 405)
 —
 ( 5)
 ( 410)
 ( 410)

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.62 per share)

 ( 916)
 ( 916)
 ( 916)

 Preferred

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 4,897
 —
 ( 13)
 ( 3)
 ( 16)
 ( 16)

 Other
 ( 23)
 ( 16)

 Balance, end of year
 $
 1,989
 1,460,620
 $
 $
 15,484
 ( 6,984)
 $
 ( 86)
 $
 ( 2,866)
 $
 5,204
 $
 $
 $
 19,782

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,167
 1,449,390
 $
 $
 15,309
 ( 6,322)
 $
 ( 80)
 $
 ( 3,098)
 $
 3,419
 $
 17,731
 $
 $
 17,769

 1,951
 1,951
 1,971

 Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 Net proceeds from issuance of Series J Preferred Stock

 Repurchase of preferred stock

 ( 90)
 —
 ( 82)
 ( 82)

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.62 per share)

 ( 911)
 ( 911)
 ( 911)

 Preferred
 ( 142)
 ( 142)
 ( 142)

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 6,333
 ( 17)
 ( 3)
 ( 19)
 ( 19)

 Other
 —
 ( 1,081)
 ( 11)
 ( 11)
 ( 13)
 ( 24)

 Balance, end of year
 $
 2,394
 1,455,723
 $
 $
 15,389
 ( 7,403)
 $
 ( 91)
 $
 ( 2,676)
 $
 4,322
 $
 $
 $
 19,398

 Balance, beginning of year
 $
 2,167
 1,444,040
 $
 $
 15,222
 ( 6,298)
 $
 ( 79)
 $
 ( 229)
 $
 2,202
 $
 19,297
 $
 $
 19,318

 2,238
 2,238
 2,249

 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 Cash dividends declared:

 Common ($ 0.62 per share)

 ( 908)
 ( 908)
 ( 908)

 Preferred

 Recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation

 Other share-based compensation activity
 5,350
 ( 19)
 —
 ( 19)
 ( 19)

 Other
 ( 24)
 ( 1)

 —

 Balance, end of year
 $
 2,167
 1,449,390
 $
 $
 15,309
 ( 6,322)
 $
 ( 80)
 $
 ( 3,098)
 $
 3,419
 $
 17,731
 $
 $
 17,769

 2024 Form 10-K 97

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating activities

 $
 1,960
 $
 1,971
 $
 2,249

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Depreciation and amortization

 Share-based compensation expense

 Deferred income tax (benefit) provision

 ( 26)
 ( 302)

 Net change in:

 ( 106)

 ( 227)
 ( 83)

 Other assets
 ( 761)
 ( 491)
 ( 1,156)

 Other liabilities
 ( 344)
 1,024

 ( 7)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 1,815
 2,657
 4,027

 Investing activities

 Change in interest earning deposits with banks

 ( 254)

 Net cash paid in business acquisition

 —
 —
 ( 223)

 Proceeds from:

 Maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities
 11,001
 2,689
 4,053

 Maturities and calls of held-to-maturity securities
 1,397
 1,523
 2,803

 Maturities and calls of other securities

 Sales of available-for-sale securities
 —

 Sales of other securities
 —

 Purchases of available-for-sale securities
 ( 14,043)
 ( 4,965)
 ( 7,107)

 Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
 ( 2,037)
 ( 256)
 ( 3,229)

 Purchases of other securities
 ( 155)
 ( 630)
 ( 1,080)

 Net proceeds from sales of loans and leases

 Principal payments received under direct finance leases
 1,769
 1,891
 1,882

 Purchases of loans and leases
 ( 680)
 ( 71)
 ( 610)

 Net loan and lease activity, excluding sales and purchases
 ( 10,025)
 ( 5,108)
 ( 10,169)

 Purchases of premises and equipment
 ( 143)
 ( 140)
 ( 214)

 Net accrued income and other receivables activity
 ( 474)
 ( 17)
 ( 66)

 Net cash used in investing activities

 ( 12,119)
 ( 2,997)
 ( 11,609)

 Financing activities

 Increase in deposits
 11,218
 3,316
 4,651

 (Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings

 ( 782)
 ( 1,295)
 2,161

 Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 7,661
 14,965
 11,004

 Maturity/redemption of long-term debt
 ( 3,563)
 ( 12,376)
 ( 8,017)

 Dividends paid on preferred stock
 ( 143)

 Dividends paid on common stock
 ( 903)
 ( 900)
 ( 897)

 Repurchase/redemption of preferred stock

 ( 410)
 ( 82)
 —

 Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
 —
 —

 ( 56)
 ( 46)
 ( 25)

 Net cash provided by financing activities
 13,022
 3,765
 8,764

 Increase in cash and cash equivalents

 2,718
 3,425
 1,182

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (1)
 10,129
 6,704
 5,522

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period (1)
 $
 12,847
 $
 10,129
 $
 6,704

 98 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Supplemental disclosures:

 Interest paid
 $
 4,547
 $
 3,359
 $

 Income taxes paid (refunded)

 ( 109)

 Non-cash activities

 Loans transferred to held-for-sale from portfolio

 Loans transferred to portfolio from held-for-sale

 Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity
 —
 —
 4,225

 (1) Includes cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits at the FRB, included within Interest-earning deposits with banks on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 2024 Form 10-K 99

 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 Nature of Operations — Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (Huntington or the Company) is a multi-state diversified regional bank holding company organized under Maryland law in 1966 and headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Through its subsidiaries, including its bank subsidiary, The Huntington National Bank (the Bank), Huntington is engaged in providing full-service commercial and consumer deposit, lending, and other banking services to customers where the Bank has a local market presence and through select national businesses. These include, but are not limited to, payments, mortgage banking, indirect and direct consumer financing, investment banking, capital markets, advisory, equipment financing, distribution finance, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services.
 Basis of Presentation — The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of Huntington and its majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs in which Huntington has determined to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Entities in which Huntington holds a controlling financial interest are consolidated. For a voting interest entity, a controlling financial interest is generally where Huntington holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares. For a VIE, a controlling financial interest is where Huntington has the power to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and has an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. For consolidated entities where Huntington holds less than a 100% interest, Huntington recognizes non-controlling interest (included in shareholders' equity) for the equity held by minority shareholders and non-controlling profit or loss (included in income attributable to non-controlling interest) for the portion of the entity's earnings attributable to minority interests. Investments in companies that are not consolidated are accounted for using the equity method when Huntington has the ability to exert significant influence. Investments in non-marketable equity securities for which Huntington does not have the ability to exert significant influence are generally accounted for using fair value or a cost measurement alternative adjusted for impairment and other changes in observable prices. Investments in private investment partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method or the cost measurement alternative are included in other assets and Huntington's earnings in equity investments are included in other noninterest income. Investments accounted for under the cost measurement alternative and equity methods are periodically evaluated for impairment.
 Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that significantly affect amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Huntington utilizes processes that involve the use of significant estimates and the judgments of management in determining the amount of its allowance for credit losses, income taxes, as well as certain fair value measurements. As with any estimate, actual results could differ from those estimates.
 Cash and cash equivalents — For statements of cash flows purposes, cash and cash equivalents are defined as the sum of cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits at the FRB, included within interest-earning deposits with banks on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Securities — Securities purchased with the intention of recognizing short-term profits or which are actively bought and sold are classified as trading account securities and reported at fair value. The unrealized gains or losses on trading account securities are recorded in other noninterest income. Debt securities purchased that Huntington has the positive intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. All other debt securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are recognized and measured at fair value with any change in the fair value recognized in other comprehensive income. All equity securities are classified as other securities.
 Securities transactions are recognized on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). The carrying value plus any related AOCI balance of sold securities is used to compute realized gains and losses. Interest on securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the effective interest method over the period to maturity, is included in interest income.
 100 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Non-marketable equity securities include stock held for membership and regulatory purposes, such as FHLB stock and FRB stock, and other non-marketable equity securities. These securities are accounted for at cost, evaluated for impairment, and are included in other securities. Other securities also include mutual funds and other marketable equity securities. These securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other noninterest income.
 Loans and Leases — Loans for which Huntington has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, except loans for which the fair value option has been elected, are carried at the principal amount outstanding, net of charge-offs, unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs, premiums and discounts, and unearned income. Direct financing leases are reported at the aggregate of lease payments receivable and estimated residual values, net of unearned and deferred income, and any initial direct costs incurred to originate these leases. Renewal options for leases are at the option of the lessee and are typically not included in the measurement of the lease receivable as they are not considered reasonably certain of exercise. Purchase options are typically at fair value, and as such those options are not considered in the measurement of lease receivables or in lease classification. Interest income is accrued as earned using the interest method. Huntington defers the fees it receives from the origination of loans and leases, as well as the direct costs of those activities. Huntington also acquires loans at premiums and/or discounts to their contractual values. Huntington amortizes loan discounts, premiums, and net loan origination fees and costs over the contractual lives of the related loans using the effective interest method.
 A borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and receives a modification in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension in the current period is disclosed as a modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Huntington may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a way of managing risk and mitigating credit loss from the borrower. Huntington may make various types of modifications and may in certain circumstances use a combination of modification types in order to mitigate future loss.
 Impairment of the residual values of direct financing leases is evaluated quarterly, with impairment arising if the expected fair value is less than the carrying amount. Huntington assesses net investments in leases (including residual values) for impairment and recognizes losses in accordance with the impairment guidance for financial instruments. As such, net investments in leases may be reduced by an allowance for credit losses, with changes recognized as provision expense.
 For leased equipment, the residual component of a direct financing lease represents the estimated fair value of the leased equipment at the end of the lease term. Huntington uses industry data, historical experience, and independent appraisals to establish these residual value estimates. Upon expiration of a lease, residual assets are remarketed, resulting in an extension of the lease by the lessee, a lease to a new customer, or purchase of the residual asset by the lessee or another party. Huntington also purchases insurance guaranteeing the value of certain residual assets.
 Loans Held for Sale — Loans in which Huntington does not have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as loans held for sale. Loans held for sale are carried at (a) the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell, or (b) fair value where the fair value option is elected. The fair value option is generally elected for mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell.
 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans — Loans are considered past due when the contractual amounts due with respect to principal and interest are not received within 30 days of the contractual due date.
 Any loan in any portfolio may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to the policies described below when collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When a borrower with debt is discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and the debt is not reaffirmed by the borrower, the loan is determined to be collateral dependent and placed on nonaccrual status, unless there is a co-borrower or the repayment is likely to occur based on objective evidence.
 2024 Form 10-K 101

 When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued interest is reversed and charged against interest income. Commercial loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status at 90 -days past due. First-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 -days past due. Junior-lien home equity loans are placed on nonaccrual status at the earlier of 120 -days past due or when the related first-lien loan has been identified as nonaccrual. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally fully charged-off at 120 -days past due, and if not fully charged-off are placed on non-accrual. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 -days past due, with the exception of residential mortgages guaranteed by government agencies which continue to accrue interest at the rate guaranteed by the government agency.
 Cash receipts on NALs are applied against principal until the loan or lease has been collected in full, including the charged-off portion, after which time any additional cash receipts are recognized as interest income. However, for secured non-reaffirmed debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, payments are applied to principal and interest when the borrower has demonstrated a capacity to continue payment of the debt and collection of the debt is reasonably assured.
 Management monitors several factors to evaluate a borrower's financial condition and their ability to make principal and interest payments. When, in management's judgment, the borrower's ability to make required principal and interest payments resumes and collectability is no longer in doubt, supported by sustained repayment history, the loan is returned to accrual status. For loans that are returned to accrual status, cash receipts are applied according to the contractual terms of the loan.
 Collateral-dependent Loans — Certain commercial and consumer loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the loan collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent.
 Allowance for Credit Losses — Huntington performs an ACL evaluation on its loan and lease portfolio and its HTM and AFS securities portfolios. The ACL on loan and lease portfolio and HTM securities are provided through an expected loss methodology referred to as CECL methodology. The ACL on AFS securities is provided when a credit loss is deemed to have occurred for securities which Huntington does not intend to sell or is not required to sell. The CECL methodology also applies to credit exposures on off-balance-sheet loan commitments, financial guarantees not accounted for as insurance, including standby letters of credit, and other similar instruments not recognized as derivative financial instruments.
 Loan and Lease portfolio - The ACL is deducted from the amortized cost basis of a financial asset or a group of financial assets so that the balance sheet reflects the net amount Huntington expects to collect. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts, fair value hedge accounting adjustments, and deferred fees and costs. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected credit losses are recognized immediately in net income as a provision for credit losses or a reversal of provision for credit losses. Management estimates the allowance by utilizing models dependent upon loan risk characteristics and economic parameters. Commercial loan risk characteristics include but are not limited to risk ratings, industry type and maturity type. Consumer loan risk characteristics include but are not limited to FICO scores, LTV, and loan vintages. The economic parameters are developed using available information relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Huntington's reasonable and supportable forecast period reverts to a historical norm based on inputs within approximately two to three years. The reversion period is dependent on the state of the economy at the beginning of the forecast. Historical credit experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, with adjustments made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency levels and terms, as well as for changes in the macroeconomic environment. The contractual terms of financial assets are adjusted for expected prepayments and any extensions outside of Huntington's control.
 The ACL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that are determined to have unique risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis by management. If a loan is determined to be collateral dependent or meets the criteria to apply the collateral dependent practical expedient, expected credit losses are determined based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, less costs to sell as appropriate.
 Management believes the products within each of the entity's portfolio classes exhibit similar risk characteristics. Huntington has identified its portfolio classes as disclosed in Note 4 - " Loans and Leases."
 102 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 In addition to the transaction reserve described above, Huntington also maintains a general reserve that consists of various risk-profile reserve components. The risk-profile components consider items unique to Huntington's structure, policies, processes, and portfolio composition, as well as qualitative measurements and assessments of the loan portfolios including, but not limited to, economic uncertainty, concentrations, portfolio composition, industry comparisons and internal review functions.
 Huntington has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the measurement of its ACL given the well-defined non-accrual policies in place for all loan portfolios which results in timely reversal of outstanding interest through interest income.
 The estimate for the off-balance sheet exposures, the AULC, is determined using the same procedures and methodologies as used for the loan and lease portfolio supplemented by the information related to future draws and related credit loss expectations. The AULC is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 HTM Securities - The allowance for HTM debt securities is estimated using a CECL methodology. Any expected credit loss is provided through the allowance for credit loss on HTM securities and is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the security so that the balance sheet reflects the net amount Huntington expects to collect. Nearly all of Huntington's HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, there is a zero credit loss expectation on these securities.
 AFS Securities - Huntington evaluates its AFS investment securities portfolio on a quarterly basis for indicators of impairment. Huntington assesses whether an impairment has occurred when the fair value of a debt security is less than the amortized cost at the balance sheet date. Management reviews the amount of unrealized loss, the credit rating history, market trends of similar security classes, time remaining to maturity, and the source of both interest and principal payments to identify securities which could potentially be impaired. For those debt securities that Huntington intends to sell or is more likely than not required to sell, before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is considered to be impaired and is recognized in provision for credit losses. For those debt securities that Huntington does not intend to sell or is not more likely than not required to sell, prior to expected recovery of amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through an allowance in provision for credit losses while the noncredit portion is recognized in OCI. In determining the credit portion, Huntington uses a discounted cash flow analysis, which includes evaluating the timing and amount of the expected cash flows. Non-credit-related impairment results from other factors, including increased liquidity spreads and higher interest rates.
 Charge-off of Uncollectible Loans — Any loan in any portfolio may be charged-off prior to the policies described below if a loss confirming event has occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, foreclosure, or receipt of an asset valuation indicating a collateral deficiency and that asset is the sole source of repayment. Additionally, discharged, collateral dependent non-reaffirmed debt in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings will result in a charge-off to estimated collateral value, less anticipated selling costs, unless the repayment is likely to occur based on objective evidence.
 Commercial loans and leases are generally either charged-off or written down to net realizable value at 90 -days past due. Automobile, RV and marine, and other consumer loans are generally charged-off at 120 -days past due. First-lien and junior-lien home equity loans are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling costs, at 150 -days past due and 120 -days past due, respectively. Residential mortgages are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral at 150 -days past due.
 Collateral — Huntington pledges assets as collateral as required for various transactions, including security repurchase agreements, public deposits, loan notes, derivative financial instruments, short-term borrowings, and long-term borrowings. Assets that have been pledged as collateral, including those that can be sold or repledged by the secured party, continue to be reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Huntington also accepts collateral, primarily as part of various transactions including derivative instruments and security resale agreements. Collateral received is excluded from the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 2024 Form 10-K 103

 Premises and Equipment — Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and building improvements are depreciated over an average of 30 to 40 years and 10 to 30 years, respectively. Land improvements and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over an average of 5 to 20 years, while equipment is depreciated over a range of 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the asset's useful life or the lease term, including any renewal periods for which renewal is reasonably assured. Premises and equipment are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
 Mortgage Servicing Rights — Huntington recognizes the rights to service mortgage loans as an asset when servicing is contractually separated from the underlying mortgage loans by sale or securitization of the loans with servicing rights retained or when purchased. MSRs are included in servicing rights and other intangible assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All MSR assets are recorded at fair value. Any change in the fair value of MSRs during the period is recorded in mortgage banking income.
 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — Under the acquisition method of accounting, the net assets of entities acquired by Huntington are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess cost of consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1st of each year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized either on an accelerated or straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Other intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.
 Operating Leases (Lessee) — Huntington has elected not to include non-lease components in the measurement of right-of-use assets, and as such allocates the costs attributable to such components, where those costs are not separately identifiable, via per-square-foot costing analysis developed by the entity for owned and leased spaces. Huntington uses a portfolio approach to develop discount rates as its lease portfolio is comprised of substantially all branch space and office space used in the entity's operations. That rate, an input used in the measurement of the entity's right-of-use assets, leverages an incremental borrowing rate of appropriate tenor and collateralization.
 Derivative Financial Instruments — Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or a liability (in other assets and other liabilities, respectively) and measured at fair value. Accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends on whether the derivative is designated and qualifies in a hedging relationship. At inception a derivative contract can be designated as:
 • a qualifying hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge);
 • a qualifying hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset, liability or forecasted transaction (cash flow hedge); or
 • a qualifying hedge of Huntington's investment in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities (net investment hedge).
 Changes in the fair value of a derivative that has been designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that have been designated as net investment hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and reclassified into earnings during the period the foreign entity is substantially liquidated or other elements of the currency translation adjustment are reclassified into earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives which do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in current period earnings.
 104 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 For those derivatives to which hedge accounting is applied, Huntington formally documents the hedging relationship and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. This documentation identifies the hedging instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, and, unless the hedge meets all of the criteria to assume there is no ineffectiveness, the method that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging instrument. Huntington typically assesses effectiveness using statistical regression at inception and on an ongoing basis.
 Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when:
 • the derivative is no longer effective or expected to be effective in offsetting changes in the fair value, cash flows or changes in net investment of a hedged item (including firm commitments or forecasted transactions);
 • the derivative expires, is sold, terminated, or exercised;
 • the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring by the end of the originally specified time period;
 • the hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment; or
 • the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is removed.
 When hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at fair value and changes in fair value will be recorded in current period earnings unless re-designated.
 Huntington offsets the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at fair value executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement.
 Fair Value Measurements — The Company records or discloses certain of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels in a valuation hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
 • Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 • Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 • Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
 A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 Bank Owned Life Insurance — Huntington's bank owned life insurance policies are recorded at their cash surrender value. Huntington recognizes tax-exempt income from the periodic increases in the cash surrender value of these policies and from death benefits. A portion of the cash surrender value is supported by holdings in separate accounts. Book value protection for the separate accounts is provided by the insurance carriers and a highly rated major bank.
 2024 Form 10-K 105

 Transfers of Financial Assets and Securitizations — Transfers of financial assets in which we have surrendered control over the transferred assets are accounted for as sales. In assessing whether control has been surrendered, Huntington considers whether the transferee would be a consolidated affiliate, the existence and extent of any continuing involvement in the transferred financial assets, and the impact of all arrangements or agreements made contemporaneously with, or in contemplation of, the transfer, even if they were not entered into at the time of transfer. Control is generally considered to have been surrendered when (i) the transferred assets have been legally isolated from Huntington or any of its consolidated affiliates, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (ii) the transferee (or, if the transferee is an entity whose sole purpose is to engage in securitization or asset-backed financing that is constrained from pledging or exchanging the assets it receives, each third-party holder of its beneficial interests) has the right to pledge or exchange the assets (or beneficial interests) it received without any constraints that provide more than a trivial benefit to Huntington, and (iii) neither Huntington nor its consolidated affiliates and agents have (a) both the right and obligation under any agreement to repurchase or redeem the transferred assets before their maturity, (b) the unilateral ability to cause the holder to return specific financial assets that also provides Huntington with a more-than-trivial benefit (other than through a cleanup call) or (c) an agreement that permits the transferee to require Huntington to repurchase the transferred assets at a price so favorable that it is probable that it will require Huntington to repurchase them.
 If the sale criteria are met, the transferred financial assets are removed from the balance sheet and a gain or loss on sale is recognized. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. For the majority of financial asset transfers, it is clear whether or not Huntington has surrendered control. For other transfers, such as in the case of complex transactions or where Huntington have continuing involvement, we generally obtain a legal opinion as to whether the transfer results in a true sale by law.
 Gains and losses on the loans and leases sold and servicing rights associated with loan and lease sales are determined when the related loans or leases are sold to either a securitization trust or third-party. For loan or lease sales with servicing retained, a servicing asset is recorded at fair value for the right to service the loans sold.
 Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits — Huntington recognizes the funded status of the postretirement benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net postretirement benefit cost charged to current earnings related to these plans is predominantly based on various actuarial assumptions regarding expected future experience.
 Certain employees are participants in various defined contribution and other non-qualified supplemental retirement plans. Contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to current earnings.
 In addition, Huntington maintains a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Employer contributions to the plan are charged to current earnings.
 Revenue Recognition — Huntington earns a variety of revenue including interest and fees from customers as well as revenues from non-customers. Certain sources of revenue are recognized within interest or fee income and are outside of the scope of ASC 606. Other sources of revenue fall within the scope of ASC 606 and are generally recognized within noninterest income.
 Huntington recognizes revenue when the performance obligations related to the transfer of goods or services under the terms of a contract are satisfied. Some obligations are satisfied at a point in time while others are satisfied over a period of time. Revenue is recognized as the amount of consideration to which Huntington expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. When consideration includes a variable component, the amount of consideration attributable to variability is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that significant revenue recognized will not be reversed when uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Generally, the variability relating to the consideration is explicitly stated in the contracts, but may also arise from Huntington's customer business practices, for example, waiving certain fees related to customer's deposit accounts. Huntington's contracts generally do not contain terms that require significant judgement to determine the variability impacting the transaction price.
 106 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Control is transferred to a customer either at a point in time or over time. A performance obligation is deemed satisfied when the control over goods or services is transferred to the customer. To determine when control is transferred at a point in time, Huntington considers indicators, including, but not limited to, the right to payment for the asset, transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the asset and acceptance of the asset by the customer.
 Refer to Note 14 - " Revenue from Contracts with Customers " for details related to revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606").
 Income Taxes — Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future book and tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income at the time of enactment of such change in tax rates.
 Any interest or penalties due for payment of income taxes are included in the provision for income taxes. To the extent we do not consider it more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, a valuation allowance is recorded. All positive and negative evidence is reviewed when determining how much of a valuation allowance is recognized on a quarterly basis. In determining the requirements for a valuation allowance, sources of possible taxable income are evaluated including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in appropriate carryback years, and tax-planning strategies. Huntington applies a more likely than not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties.
 Share-Based Compensation — Huntington uses the fair value based method of accounting for awards of HBAN stock granted to employees under various share-based compensation plans. Share-based compensation costs are recognized prospectively for all new awards granted under these plans. Compensation expense relating to stock options is calculated using a methodology that is based on the underlying assumptions of the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is charged to expense over the requisite service period (e.g., vesting period) taking into account retirement eligibility. Compensation expense relating to restricted stock awards is based upon the fair value of the awards on the date of grant and is charged to earnings over the requisite service period (e.g., vesting period) taking into account the retirement eligibility of the award.
 Stock Repurchases — Acquisitions of Huntington stock are recorded at cost.
 2024 Form 10-K 107

 2. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
 Accounting standards adopted in the current period

 Standard
 Summary of guidance
 Effects on financial Statements

 ASU 2023-02 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method

 • Permits the election of the proportional amortization method for any tax equity investment that meets specific criteria.
 • Requires that the election be made on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis.
 • Receipt of tax credits must be accounted for using the flow through method.
 • Requires that a liability be recorded for delayed equity contributions.
 • Expands disclosure requirements for the nature of investments and financial statement effect.

 • Huntington adopted the standard effective January 1, 2024 on a modified retrospective basis.
 • The adoption did not result in a material impact on Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements.

 ASU 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvement to Reportable Segments
 • Requires disclosure of the position and title of the CODM and significant segment expenses that the CODM is regularly provided.
 • Requires the disclosure of other segment items representing the difference between segment revenue and expense and the profit and loss measure of the segment.
 • Allows for the CODM to use more than one measure of segment profit and loss, as long as one measure is consistent with GAAP.

 • Huntington adopted the standard effective for the year ended December 31, 2024.
 • The adoption did not result in a material impact on Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements.
 • The amendments have been applied retrospectively to all periods presented and segment expense categories are based on the categories identified at adoption.
 • Refer to Note 24 - " Segment Reporting " for additional disclosure information.

 Accounting standards yet to be adopted

 Standard
 Summary of guidance
 Effects on financial statements

 ASU 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
 • Requires a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and reporting currency amounts between the reported amount of income tax expense (or benefit) to the amount of statutory federal income tax at current rates for specified categories using specified disaggregation criteria.
 • The amount of net income taxes paid for federal, state, and foreign taxes, as well as the amount paid to any jurisdiction that net taxes exceed a 5% quantitative threshold.
 • The amendments will require the disclosure of pre-tax income disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign.

 • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
 • Early adoption is permitted in any annual period where financial statements have not yet been issued.
 • The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis but retrospective application is permitted.
 • Huntington does not expect adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

 108 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND OTHER SECURITIES
 Debt securities purchased in which Huntington has the intent and ability to hold to their maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities. All other debt and equity securities are classified as either available-for-sale or other securities. The following tables provide amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses by investment category.

 Unrealized

 Amortized
Cost (1)(2)
 Gross
 Gains

 Gross

 $
 6,588
 $
 $
 ( 43)
 $
 6,556

 11,988
 —
 ( 1,971)
 10,017

 3,778
 ( 434)
 3,345

 2,519
 —
 ( 767)
 1,752

 —
 ( 5)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency, and other agency securities
 25,008
 ( 3,220)
 21,800

 4,119
 ( 132)
 3,988

 1,157
 —
 ( 102)
 1,055

 —
 ( 19)

 —
 ( 10)

 —
 —

 $
 30,743
 $
 $
 ( 3,483)
 $

 $
 2,045
 $
 —
 $
 ( 22)
 $
 2,023

 8,533

 ( 1,336)
 7,197

 4,309
 ( 691)
 3,621

 1,407
 —
 ( 231)
 1,176

 —
 ( 5)

 Total federal agency and other agency securities
 16,367
 ( 2,285)
 14,085

 —
 —

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 $
 ( 2,285)
 $
 14,086

 Other securities, at cost:

 Non-marketable equity securities:

 FRB stock

 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 FHLB stock

 —
 —

 Other non-marketable equity securities
 —
 —

 Other securities, at fair value

 Mutual funds
 —
 —

 Equity securities
 —

 Total other securities
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 (1)Amortized cost amounts exclude accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within accrued income and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2024, accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities totaled $ 89 million and $ 46 million, respectively.
 (2)Excluded from the amortized cost are portfolio level basis adjustments for securities designated in fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method. The basis adjustments totaled $ 458 million and represent a reduction to the amortized cost of the securities being hedged. The securities being hedged under the portfolio layer method are primarily Residential CMO and Residential MBS securities.
 2024 Form 10-K 109

 Unrealized

 Amortized
 Cost (1)(2)

 Gross
Gains
 Gross

 $
 2,855
 $
 $
 —
 $
 2,856

 13,155
 ( 1,776)
 11,382

 3,592
 —
 ( 408)
 3,184

 2,536
 —
 ( 709)
 1,827

 —
 ( 6)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency, and other agency securities
 22,299
 ( 2,899)
 19,404

 3,536
 ( 165)
 3,373

 2,202
 ( 238)
 2,043

 —
 ( 31)

 —
 ( 12)

 —
 —

 $
 28,565
 $
 $
 ( 3,345)
 $

 $
 9,368
 $
 $
 ( 1,145)
 $
 8,224

 4,770
 ( 664)
 4,112

 1,509
 —
 ( 224)
 1,285

 —
 ( 6)

 Total federal agency and other agency securities
 15,748
 ( 2,039)
 13,716

 —
 —

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 $
 ( 2,039)
 $

 Other securities, at cost:

 Non-marketable equity securities:

 FRB stock

 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 FHLB stock

 —
 —

 Other non-marketable equity securities
 —
 —

 Other securities, at fair value

 Mutual funds
 —
 —

 Equity securities
 —

 Total other securities
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 (1)Amortized cost amounts exclude accrued interest receivable, which is recorded within accrued income and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities totaled $ 61 million and $ 36 million, respectively.
 (2)Excluded from the amortized cost are portfolio level basis adjustments for securities designated in fair value hedges under the portfolio layer method. The basis adjustments totaled $ 619 million and represent a reduction to the amortized cost of the securities being hedged. The securities being hedged under the portfolio layer method are primarily Residential CMO and Residential MBS securities.
 110 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without incurring penalties.

 2024
 2023

 Under 1 year
 $
 3,620
 $
 3,624
 $
 3,380
 $
 3,372

 After 1 year through 5 years
 5,993
 5,844
 2,484
 2,338

 After 5 years through 10 years
 1,857
 1,732
 2,392
 2,255

 After 10 years
 19,273
 16,073
 20,309
 17,340

 $
 30,743
 $
 $
 28,565
 $

 Under 1 year
 $
 $
 $
 $

 After 1 year through 5 years
 1,818
 1,796

 After 5 years through 10 years

 After 10 years
 14,230
 11,974
 15,632
 13,605

 Total held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 14,086
 $
 $

 The following tables provide detail on investment securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.

 Less than 12 Months
 Over 12 Months
 Total

 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value

 $
 3,153
 $
 ( 43)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 3,153
 $
 ( 43)

 ( 5)
 9,676
 ( 1,966)
 9,951
 ( 1,971)

 ( 1)
 2,802
 ( 433)
 3,045
 ( 434)

 —
 —
 1,752
 ( 767)
 1,752
 ( 767)

 —
 ( 5)
 ( 5)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency and other agency securities

 3,692
 ( 49)
 14,299
 ( 3,171)
 17,991
 ( 3,220)

 ( 25)
 2,336
 ( 107)
 3,321
 ( 132)

 —
 —
 1,053
 ( 102)
 1,053
 ( 102)

 —
 ( 19)
 ( 19)

 —
 —
 ( 10)
 ( 10)

 Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
 $
 4,726
 $
 ( 74)
 $
 18,038
 $
 ( 3,409)
 $
 22,764
 $
 ( 3,483)

 $
 1,581
 $
 ( 22)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 1,581
 $
 ( 22)

 ( 2)
 7,097
 ( 1,334)
 7,196
 ( 1,336)

 ( 1)
 3,152
 ( 690)
 3,315
 ( 691)

 —
 —
 1,176
 ( 231)
 1,176
 ( 231)

 —
 —
 ( 5)
 ( 5)

 Total U.S. Treasury, federal agency and other agency securities

 1,843
 ( 25)
 11,494
 ( 2,260)
 13,337
 ( 2,285)

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
 $
 1,843
 $
 ( 25)
 $
 11,495
 $
 ( 2,260)
 $
 13,338
 $
 ( 2,285)

 2024 Form 10-K 111

 Less than 12 Months
 Over 12 Months
 Total

 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value
 Fair
Value

 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 10,913
 $
 ( 1,774)
 $
 11,120
 $
 ( 1,776)

 ( 7)
 2,641
 ( 401)
 3,184
 ( 408)

 —
 —
 1,827
 ( 709)
 1,827
 ( 709)

 —
 —
 ( 6)
 ( 6)

 Total federal agency and other agency securities
 ( 9)
 15,462
 ( 2,890)
 16,212
 ( 2,899)

 ( 19)
 2,496
 ( 146)
 3,121
 ( 165)

 —
 —
 2,043
 ( 238)
 2,043
 ( 238)

 —
 —
 ( 31)
 ( 31)

 —
 —
 ( 12)
 ( 12)

 Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities
 $
 1,375
 $
 ( 28)
 $
 20,381
 $
 ( 3,317)
 $
 21,756
 $
 ( 3,345)

 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 8,108
 $
 ( 1,145)
 $
 8,108
 $
 ( 1,145)

 ( 1)
 3,542
 ( 663)
 3,698
 ( 664)

 —
 —
 1,285
 ( 224)
 1,285
 ( 224)

 —
 —
 ( 6)
 ( 6)

 Total federal agency and other agency securities
 ( 1)
 13,030
 ( 2,038)
 13,186
 ( 2,039)

 Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities
 $
 $
 ( 1)
 $
 13,030
 $
 ( 2,038)
 $
 13,186
 $
 ( 2,039)

 At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of investment securities pledged to secure public and trust deposits, trading account liabilities, U.S. Treasury demand notes, security repurchase agreements and to support borrowing capacity totaled $ 37.7 billion and $ 35.1 billion, respectively. There were no securities of a single issuer, which were not governmental or government-sponsored, that exceeded 10% of shareholders' equity at either December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, substantially all HTM debt securities are comprised of securities issued by government sponsored entities or are explicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. In addition, there were no HTM debt securities considered past due at December 31, 2024.
 Based on an evaluation of available information including security type, counterparty credit quality, past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that are relevant to collectability of cash flows, as of December 31, 2024, Huntington has concluded that, except for one municipal bond classified as an AFS debt security for which $ 2 million of write-downs were recognized during 2024, it expects to receive all contractual cash flows from each security held in its AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. There was no allowance related to securities as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
 112 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 4. LOANS AND LEASES
 The following table provides a detailed listing of Huntington's loan and lease portfolio.

 2024
 2023

 Commercial loan and lease portfolio:

 $
 $
 50,657

 5,454
 5,228

 Total commercial loan and lease portfolio
 73,341
 68,307

 Consumer loan portfolio:

 23,720

 5,982
 5,899

 1,771
 1,461

 Total consumer loan portfolio
 56,701
 53,675

 Total loans and leases (1)(2)

 Allowance for loan and lease losses
 ( 2,244)
 ( 2,255)

 Net loans and leases
 $
 127,798
 $
 119,727

 (1)Loans and leases are reported at principal amount outstanding including unamortized purchase premiums and discounts, unearned income, and net direct fees and costs associated with originating and acquiring loans and leases. The aggregate amount of these loan and lease adjustments was a net discount of $ 468 million and $ 323 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 (2)The total amount of accrued interest recorded for these loans and leases at December 31, 2024, was $ 316 million and $ 235 million of commercial and consumer loan and lease portfolios, respectively, and at December 31, 2023, was $ 333 million and $ 220 million of commercial and consumer loan and lease portfolios, respectively. Accrued interest is presented in accrued income and other receivables within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet s.
 Lease Financing
 The following table presents net investments in lease financing receivables by category.

 2024
 2023

 Lease payments receivable
 $
 5,189
 $
 4,980

 Estimated residual value of leased assets

 Gross investment in lease financing receivables
 6,073
 5,784

 Deferred origination costs

 Deferred fees, unearned income and other
 ( 675)
 ( 610)

 Total lease financing receivables
 $
 5,454
 $
 5,228

 The carrying value of residual values guaranteed was $ 517 million and $ 478 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The future lease rental payments due from customers on direct financing leases at December 31, 2024, totaled $ 5.2 billion and were due as follows: $ 507 million in 2025, $ 773 million in 2026, $ 1.0 billion in 2027, $ 1.2 billion in 2028, $ 1.0 billion in 2029, and $ 713 million thereafter. Interest income recognized for these types of leases was $ 336 million, $ 287 million, and $ 249 million for the years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
 2024 Form 10-K 113

 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Leases
 The following table presents NALs by class.

 Nonaccrual loans and leases with no ACL

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 Nonaccrual loans and leases with no ACL

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases

 $
 $
 $
 $

 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 Home Equity
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total nonaccrual loans and leases
 $
 $
 $
 $

 The total amount of interest recorded to interest income for NAL loans was $ 26 million, $ 21 million, and $ 23 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
 The following tables present an aging analysis of loans and leases, by class.

 Past Due (1)
 Loans Accounted for Under FVO
 Total Loans
and Leases
 90 or
more days
past due
and accruing

 30-59
 Days
 60-89
 Days
 90 or
more days
 Total
 Current

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 56,435
 $
 —
 $
 $
 (2)

 —
 11,004
 —
 —

 5,361
 —
 5,454

 23,533
 (3)

 14,404
 —

 9,954
 —

 5,944
 —
 5,982

 1,749
 —
 1,771

 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,485
 $
 128,384
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 50,429
 $
 —
 $
 50,657
 $
 (2)

 12,342
 —
 —

 5,169
 —
 5,228

 23,060
 23,720
 (3)

 12,358
 —

 9,932
 —

 5,873
 —
 5,899

 1,440
 —
 1,461

 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,205
 $
 120,603
 $
 $
 $

 (1)NALs are included in this aging analysis based on the loan's past due status.
 (2)Amounts include SBA loans and leases.
 (3)Amounts include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
 114 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Credit Quality Indicators
 To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for commercial loans, and for purposes of determining an appropriate ACL level for these loans, Huntington utilizes the following internally defined categories of credit grades:
 • Pass - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.
 • OLEM - The credit risk may be relatively minor yet represents a risk given certain specific circumstances. If the potential weaknesses are not monitored or mitigated, the loan may weaken or the collateral may be inadequate to protect Huntington's position in the future. For these reasons, Huntington considers the loans to be potential problem loans.
 • Substandard - Inadequately protected loans resulting from the borrower's ability to repay, equity, and/or the collateral pledged to secure the loan. These loans have identified weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. It is likely Huntington will sustain some loss if any identified weaknesses are not mitigated.
 • Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as Substandard, with the added elements of the full collection of the loan is improbable and that the possibility of loss is high.
 Loans are generally assigned a category of "Pass" rating upon initial approval and subsequently updated as appropriate based on the borrower's financial performance.
 Commercial loans categorized as OLEM, Substandard, or Doubtful are considered Criticized loans. Commercial loans categorized as Substandard or Doubtful are both considered Classified loans.
 For all classes within the consumer loan portfolios, borrower credit bureau scores are monitored as an indicator of credit quality. A credit bureau score is a credit score developed by FICO based on data provided by the credit bureaus and refreshed at least quarterly. The credit bureau score is widely accepted as the standard measure of consumer credit risk used by lenders, regulators, rating agencies, and consumers. The higher the credit bureau score, the higher likelihood of repayment and therefore, an indicator of higher credit quality.
 Huntington assesses the risk in the loan portfolio by utilizing numerous risk characteristics. The classifications described above, and also presented in the table below, represent one of those characteristics that are closely monitored in the overall credit risk management processes.
 2024 Form 10-K 115

 The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans and leases by vintage and internally defined credit quality indicator.

 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
 Revolver Total at Amortized Cost Basis
 Revolver Total Converted to Term Loans

 2024
 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 Prior
 Total

 Pass
 $
 16,097
 $
 7,939
 $
 6,587
 $
 2,747
 $
 1,708
 $
 1,846
 $
 16,790
 $
 $
 53,718

 OLEM
 —

 —
 2,440

 Doubtful
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total Commercial and industrial
 $
 16,666
 $
 8,404
 $
 7,111
 $
 2,980
 $
 1,822
 $
 2,033
 $
 17,789
 $
 $

 Pass
 $
 1,415
 $
 1,010
 $
 2,754
 $
 1,380
 $
 $
 1,877
 $
 $
 —
 $
 10,018

 OLEM
 —
 —

 —

 Total Commercial real estate
 $
 1,633
 $
 1,125
 $
 3,148
 $
 1,498
 $
 $
 2,065
 $
 $
 —
 $

 Pass
 $
 2,100
 $
 1,610
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,401

 OLEM
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total Lease financing
 $
 2,108
 $
 1,618
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,454

 750+
 $
 1,725
 $
 2,249
 $
 3,913
 $
 5,617
 $
 3,011
 $
 2,525
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 19,040

 —
 —
 4,053

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Residential mortgage
 $
 2,548
 $
 2,855
 $
 4,772
 $
 6,508
 $
 3,502
 $
 3,884
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 24,069

 750+
 $
 4,091
 $
 1,663
 $
 1,343
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 8,477

 2,560
 —
 —
 4,931

 <650
 —
 —
 1,156

 Total Automobile
 $
 6,987
 $
 2,894
 $
 2,311
 $
 1,584
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Home Equity

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 4,581
 $
 $
 6,828

 2,051
 2,673

 <650

 Total Home equity
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 7,063
 $
 $

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,551

 —
 —
 1,263

 <650
 —
 —

 Total RV and marine

 $
 1,182
 $
 1,200
 $
 1,041
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,982

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 1,014

 <650

 Total Other consumer
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,771

 116 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
 Revolver Total at Amortized Cost Basis
 Revolver Total Converted to Term Loans

 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 Prior
 Total

 Pass
 $
 14,677
 $
 9,889
 $
 3,673
 $
 2,151
 $
 1,187
 $
 1,431
 $
 14,563
 $
 $
 47,574

 OLEM
 —
 1,030

 —
 2,053

 Total Commercial and industrial
 $
 15,283
 $
 10,433
 $
 3,925
 $
 2,321
 $
 1,282
 $
 1,635
 $
 15,775
 $
 $
 50,657

 Pass
 $
 1,395
 $
 3,253
 $
 1,774
 $
 1,063
 $
 1,152
 $
 1,288
 $
 $
 —
 $
 10,510

 OLEM
 —

 —
 1,020

 Total Commercial real estate
 $
 1,722
 $
 4,063
 $
 2,062
 $
 1,138
 $
 1,321
 $
 1,456
 $
 $
 —
 $

 Pass
 $
 1,973
 $
 1,284
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,017

 OLEM
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Total Lease financing
 $
 2,009
 $
 1,372
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,228

 750+
 $
 2,077
 $
 3,963
 $
 6,028
 $
 3,292
 $
 $
 2,191
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 18,300

 1,024
 —
 —
 4,409

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Residential mortgage
 $
 3,051
 $
 5,066
 $
 7,074
 $
 3,866
 $
 1,020
 $
 3,469
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 23,546

 750+
 $
 2,624
 $
 1,964
 $
 1,525
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 7,305

 1,438
 1,305
 —
 —
 4,241

 <650
 —
 —

 Total Automobile
 $
 4,232
 $
 3,550
 $
 2,698
 $
 1,228
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 4,454
 $
 $
 6,804

 2,083
 2,779

 <650

 Total Home equity
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 6,881
 $
 $

 750+
 $
 1,206
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,539

 —
 —
 1,248

 <650
 —
 —

 Total RV and marine

 $
 1,499
 $
 1,231
 $
 1,140
 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,899

 750+
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 <650

 Total Other consumer
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 1,461

 2024 Form 10-K 117

 The following tables present the gross charge-offs of loans and leases by vintage.

 Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year

 Revolver Gross Charge-offs

 Revolver Converted to Term Loans Gross Charge-offs

 2024
 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 Prior
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 —

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 Term Loans Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year

 Revolver Gross Charge-offs

 Revolver Converted to Term Loans Gross Charge-offs

 2023
 2022
 2021
 2020
 2019
 Prior
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 Modifications to Debtors Experiencing Financial Difficulty
 Huntington will modify the contractual terms of loans to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a way to mitigate loss, proactively work with borrowers in financial difficulty, or to comply with regulations regarding the treatment of certain bankruptcy filing and discharge situations. A restructured note is evaluated to determine if it is considered a new loan or a continuation of the prior loan.
 A debtor is considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when there is significant doubt about the debtor's ability to make required payments on the debt or to get equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for similar debt. A loan placed on nonaccrual because the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty may be returned to accrual status when all contractually due interest and principal has been paid and the borrower demonstrates the financial capacity to continue to pay as agreed, with the risk of loss diminished.
 Reported Modification Types
 Modifications in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other than insignificant payment delay or a term extension that have occurred in the current reporting period to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty are disclosed along with the financial impact of the modifications.
 118 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington will generally try other forms of relief before principal forgiveness but would define any contractual reduction in the amount of principal due without receiving payment or assets as forgiveness. For the purpose of the disclosure Huntington considers any contractual change in interest rate that results in the borrower receiving a below market rate to be an interest rate reduction. Many factors can go into what is considered an other than insignificant payment delay, for example, the significance of the restructured payment amount relative to the normal loan payment or the relative significance of the delay to the original loan terms. Generally, Huntington would consider any delay in payment of greater than 90 days in the last 12 months to be significant. For the purpose of the disclosure modification of contingent payment features or covenants that would have accelerated payment are not considered term extensions.
 Following is a description of what is considered a borrower experiencing financial difficulty by the different loan types:
 Commercial loan modifications – Our strategy involving commercial borrowers generally includes working with these borrowers to allow them time to improve their financial position and remain a Huntington customer through restructuring their notes or to restructure elsewhere if necessary. Borrowers that are rated substandard or worse in accordance with the regulatory definition, or that cannot otherwise restructure at market terms and conditions, are considered to be experiencing financial difficulty. A subsequent restructuring or modification of a loan may occur when either the loan matures according to the terms of the modified agreement, or the borrower requests a change to the loan agreements. It is subjected to the normal underwriting standards and processes for other similar credit extensions, both new and existing.
 Consumer loan modifications – Consumer loans in which a borrower requires a modification as a result of negative changes to their financial condition or to avoid default, generally indicate the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The primary modifications made to consumer loans are amortization, maturity date and interest rate changes. Consumer borrowers identified as experiencing financial difficulty are unable to refinance their loans through the Company's normal origination channels or through other independent sources. Most, but not all, of the loans may be delinquent.
 Impact on Credit Quality of Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
 Huntington's ALLL is influenced by loan level characteristics that inform the assessed propensity to default. As such, the provision for credit losses is impacted primarily by changes in such loan level characteristics, such as payment performance. Commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are applied credit quality risk indicators that reflect the increase in default characteristics so that that the ALLL reflects the risk of loss. Borrowers experiencing financial difficulty can be classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans.
 2024 Form 10-K 119

 The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis of loans modified during the reporting period to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of modification.

 Interest rate reduction
 Term extension
 Payment deferral
 Combo - interest rate reduction and term extension
 Total
 % of total loan class (1)

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 0.68
 %

 —
 —
 2.32

 —
 0.25

 —
 —
 0.08

 —
 —
 0.15

 —
 —
 —
 0.02

 —
 —
 —
 0.11

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 0.59
 %

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 0.90
 %

 —
 1.26

 —
 0.27

 —
 —
 0.12

 —
 —
 0.12

 —
 —
 —
 0.02

 —
 —
 —
 0.07

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 0.58
 %

 (1)Represents the amortized cost of loans modified during the reporting period as a percentage of the period-end loan balance by class.
 The following table describes the financial effect of the modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

 Interest Rate Reduction (1)

 Term Extension (1)

 Weighted-average contractual interest rate
 Weighted-average years added to the life

 From
 To

 8.16
 %
 7.12
 %
 1.0

 8.26
 7.90
 0.9

 6.8

 8.62
 %
 8.05
 %
 1.0

 1.0

 7.7

 (1)Certain disclosures related to financial effects of modifications do not include those deemed to be immaterial.
 120 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The performance of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made is closely monitored to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Loans are considered to be in payment default at 90 or more days past due. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified during the reporting period.

 Past Due

 30-59
 Days
 60-89
 Days
 90 or
more days
 Total
 Current
 Total

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —

 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made in the year ended December 31, 2024

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 —
 —

 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made in the year ended December 31, 2023

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 Pledged Loans and Leases
 The Bank has access to secured borrowings from the Federal Reserve's discount window and advances from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, loans and leases totaling $ 105.4 billion and $ 101.8 billion, respectively, were pledged to the FRB and FHLB for access to these contingent funding sources.
 2024 Form 10-K 121

 5. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 The following table presents ACL activity by portfolio segment.

 Commercial
 Consumer
 Total

 Year Ended December 31, 2024:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,563
 $
 $
 2,255

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 311)
 ( 220)
 ( 531)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision for loan and lease losses

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,484
 $
 $
 2,244

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Provision (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments

 ( 21)

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,628
 $
 $
 2,446

 Year Ended December 31, 2023:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,424
 $
 $
 2,121

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 270)
 ( 184)
 ( 454)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision for loan and lease losses

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,563
 $
 $
 2,255

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Provision (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments

 ( 5)
 —
 ( 5)

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,629
 $
 $
 2,400

 Year Ended December 31, 2022:

 ALLL balance, beginning of period
 $
 1,462
 $
 $
 2,030

 Loan and lease charge-offs
 ( 129)
 ( 184)
 ( 313)

 Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged-off

 Provision (benefit) for loan and lease losses
 ( 23)

 ALLL balance, end of period
 $
 1,424
 $
 $
 2,121

 AULC balance, beginning of period
 $
 $
 $

 Provision for unfunded lending commitments

 AULC balance, end of period
 $
 $
 $

 ACL balance, end of period
 $
 1,495
 $
 $
 2,271

 At December 31, 2024, the ACL was $ 2.4 billion, an increase of $ 46 million from December 31, 2023. The increase in the total ACL was driven by loan and lease growth throughout 2024, partially offset by a modest reduction in overall coverage ratios reflective of the current macroeconomic environment.
 The Commercial ACL was $ 1.6 billion at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $ 1 million from December 31, 2023. C&I loan and lease growth of $ 6.2 billion was offset by the combination of a modest reduction in the C&I coverage ratios due to improvement in the macroeconomic environment and a $ 1.3 billion decrease in CRE loans and leases.
 The Consumer ACL was $ 818 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $ 47 million from the December 31, 2023 balance. The increase was primarily due to a $ 3.0 billion increase in consumer loans.
 The baseline economic scenario used in the December 31, 2024 ACL determination assumes the labor market has softened with the unemployment rate projected at 4.2% for the fourth quarter of 2024. Marginal improvement is expected moving forward with unemployment returning to 4% by 2026. The Federal Reserve is projected to continue the cycle of rate cuts that started in September 2024, with gradual cuts forecast throughout 2025 and 2026 until reaching a federal funds rate of 3% by mid-2026. Inflation is forecasted to approach the Federal Reserve's target level of 2% by the end of 2024 and stabilize in 2025. GDP is forecast to show marginal improvement from the estimated fourth quarter 2024 level of 2.0%, ending the fourth quarter of 2025 at 2.1%.
 122 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The economic scenarios used included elevated levels of economic uncertainty including the impact of specific challenges in the commercial real estate industry, recent inflation levels, the U.S labor market, the expected path of interest rate changes by the Federal Reserve, and the impact of significant conflicts on-going around the world. Given the uncertainty associated with key economic scenario assumptions, the December 31, 2024 ACL included a general reserve that consists of various risk profile components to address uncertainty not measured within the quantitative transaction reserve.

 6. MORTGAGE LOAN SALES AND SERVICING RIGHTS
 Residential Mortgage Portfolio
 The following table summarizes activity relating to residential mortgage loans sold with servicing retained.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Residential mortgage loans sold with servicing retained
 $
 4,124
 $
 4,109
 $
 5,686

 Pretax gains resulting from above loan sales (1)

 Total servicing, late, and other ancillary fees (1)

 (1)Included in mortgage banking income.
 The following table summarizes the changes in MSRs recorded using the fair value method.

 2024
 2023

 Fair value, beginning of period
 $
 $

 New servicing assets created

 Servicing assets sold

 ( 1)
 ( 1)

 Change in fair value during the period due to:

 Time decay (1)
 ( 25)
 ( 24)

 Payoffs (2)
 ( 30)
 ( 24)

 Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions (3)

 Fair value, end of period
 $
 $

 Loans serviced for third parties, unpaid principal balance, end of period

 $
 33,696
 $
 33,237

 (1)Represents decrease in value due to passage of time, including the impact from both regularly scheduled principal payments and partial loan paydowns.
 (2)Represents decrease in value associated with loans that paid off during the period.
 (3)Represents change in value resulting primarily from market-driven changes in interest rates.
 MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Therefore, the fair value of MSRs is estimated using a discounted future cash flow model. Changes in the assumptions used may have a significant impact on the valuation of MSRs. MSR values are sensitive to movement in interest rates as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which are impacted by the level of prepayments.
 A summary of key assumptions and the sensitivity of the MSR value to changes in these assumptions follows.

 Decline in fair value due to
 Decline in fair value due to

 Actual
 10%
adverse
change
 20%
adverse
change
 Actual
 10%
adverse
change
 20%
adverse
change

 Constant prepayment rate (annualized)

 7.54
 %
 $
 ( 14)
 $
 ( 28)
 8.61
 %
 $
 ( 15)
 $
 ( 28)

 Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 bps
 ( 13)
 ( 26)
 bps
 ( 11)
 ( 22)

 2024 Form 10-K 123

 7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 A rollforward of goodwill by business segment for which goodwill is allocated is presented in the table below. No goodwill impairment was recorded in 2024 or 2023.

 Consumer &
 Commercial
 Huntington

 Regional Banking
 Banking

 Balance, January 1, 2023

 $
 3,650
 $
 1,921
 $
 5,571

 RPS sale
 ( 10)
 —
 ( 10)

 Balance, December 31, 2023
 3,640
 1,921
 5,561

 Balance, December 31, 2024
 $
 3,640
 $
 1,921
 $
 5,561

 Huntington's other intangible assets are presented in the following table.

 Gross
Carrying
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Value

 Core deposit intangible
 $
 $
 ( 293)
 $

 Customer relationship
 ( 55)

 Total other intangible assets
 $
 $
 ( 348)
 $

 Core deposit intangible
 $
 $
 ( 259)
 $

 Customer relationship
 ( 75)

 Total other intangible assets
 $
 $
 ( 334)
 $

 The estimated amortization expense of other intangible assets for the next five years is as follows.

 Amortization
 Expense

 2025
 $

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 8. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
 Premises and equipment were comprised as follows.

 2024
 2023

 Land and land improvements
 $
 $

 Buildings

 Leasehold improvements

 Equipment

 Total premises and equipment
 2,237
 2,293

 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 ( 1,171)
 ( 1,184)

 Net premises and equipment
 $
 1,066
 $
 1,109

 Depreciation and amortization charged to expense was as follows.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Total depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
 $
 $
 $

 124 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 9. OPERATING LEASES
 At December 31, 2024, Huntington was obligated under non-cancelable leases for branch and office space. These leases are all classified as operating due to the amount of time such spaces are occupied relative to the underlying assets useful lives. Many of these leases contain renewal options, most of which are not included in measurement of the right-of-use asset as they are not considered reasonably certain of exercise (i.e., Huntington does not currently have a significant economic incentive to exercise these options).
 Net lease assets and liabilities are as follows.

 Classification
 2024
 2023

 Operating lease assets
 Other assets
 $
 $

 Lease liabilities
 Other liabilities
 $
 $

 Net lease cost are as follows.

 Classification
 2024
 2023

 Operating lease cost
 Net occupancy
 $
 $

 Short-term lease cost
 Net occupancy

 Net lease cost
 $
 $

 Maturity of lease liabilities at December 31, 2024 are as follows.

 Total

 2025
 $

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 Thereafter

 Total lease payments

 Less: Interest
 ( 131)

 Total lease liabilities
 $

 Additional supplemental information related to the Company's operating leases is as follows.

 2024
 2023

 Year ended December 31:

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for operating cash flows
 $
 ( 76)
 $
 ( 77)

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for operating leases

 At December 31:

 Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) for operating leases
 10.86
 11.30

 Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases
 5.19
 %
 4.93
 %

 10. BORROWINGS
 Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term and were comprised of the following.

 2024
 2023

 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 $
 $

 Other borrowings

 Total short-term borrowings
 $
 $

 2024 Form 10-K 125

 The carrying value of assets pledged as collateral against repurchase agreements totaled $ 224 million and $ 840 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Assets pledged as collateral are reported in available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The repurchase agreements have maturities within 60 days. No amounts have been offset against the agreements.
 Huntington's long-term debt, which consists of borrowings with an initial maturity of greater than one year, is included in the following table. The interest rate disclosed represents the contractual rate as of the most recent period end.

 2024
 2023

 The Parent Company:

 Senior Notes:

 2.63 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2024

 $
 —
 $

 4.00 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2025

 4.44 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2028

 6.21 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2029

 1,237
 1,266

 2.55 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2030

 5.27 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2031

 1,138
 —

 5.02 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2033

 5.71 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated senior notes due 2035

 1,222
 —

 Subordinated Notes:

 Huntington Capital I Trust Preferred 5.55 % junior subordinated debentures due 2027 (1)

 Huntington Capital II Trust Preferred 5.25 % junior subordinated debentures due 2028 (2)

 Sky Financial Capital Trust III 5.99 % junior subordinated debentures due 2036 (3)

 Sky Financial Capital Trust IV 6.25 % junior subordinated debentures due 2036 (3)

 2.49 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated subordinated notes due 2036

 6.14 % Huntington Bancshares Incorporated subordinated notes due 2039

 —

 Total notes issued by the Parent Company

 7,177
 4,993

 The Bank:

 Senior Notes:

 6.59 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 —

 4.01 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 —

 5.70 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2025

 —
 1,060

 4.55 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2028

 5.65 % Huntington National Bank senior notes due 2030

 Subordinated Notes:

 4.60 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2025

 4.27 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2026

 4.13 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2029

 —

 5.50 % Huntington National Bank subordinated notes due 2030

 Total notes issued by the Bank

 2,169
 4,142

 FHLB Advances:

 4.64 % weighted average rate, varying maturities

 4,696
 2,731

 Auto Loan Securitization Trust (4)

 1,023
 —

 Credit Linked Notes (5)

 —

 Other:

 Huntington Technology Finance nonrecourse debt, 5.96 % weighted average interest rate, varying maturities

 7.64 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class I securities (6)

 —

 7.19 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class J securities (7)

 7.69 % Huntington Preferred Capital II - Class L securities (8)

 Total long-term debt
 $
 16,374
 $
 12,394

 (1)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 0.96 %.
 (2)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 0.886 %.
 (3)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 1.66 %.
 126 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 (4)Represents secured borrowings collateralized by auto loans with a weighted average rate of 5.31 % due through 2029. See Note 20 - " Variable Interest Entities " for additional information.
 (5)See details of credit linked notes in the following table.
 (6)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 2.00 %.
 (7)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 2.60 %.
 (8)Variable effective rate at December 31, 2024, based on three-month SOFR + 3.10 %.
 Amounts above are net of unamortized discounts and adjustments related to hedging with derivative financial instruments. We use interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk of certain fixed-rate debt by converting the debt to a variable rate.
 Huntington entered into two CLN transactions during 2024 that effectively transfer the risk of first losses on certain reference pools of the Company's auto-secured loans. Huntington has elected the fair value option for these notes. See Note 18 - "Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities" for additional information. To the extent losses exceed certain thresholds, the principal and interest payable on the notes may be reduced by a portion of the Company's aggregate net losses on the reference pool of loans, with losses allocated to note classes in reverse order of payment priority. Additional information about Huntington's CLN issuances is as follows.

 Weighted Average Interest Rate

 Reference Pool Net Balance

 Principal Outstanding

 CLN 2024-1 due 2032 (1)
 6.66
 %
 $
 3,014
 $

 CLN 2024-2 due 2032 (2)
 6.03
 3,740

 Total

 $
 6,754
 $

 Fair value adjustment

 Carrying value

 $

 (1)Consists of multiple classes of loans. One note class bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.15 % and the remaining four note classes bear interest at SOFR plus a spread rate that ranges from 1.40 % to 8.25 % (weighted average spread of 3.04 %).
 (2)Consists of multiple classes of loans. One note class bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.44 % and the remaining four note classes bear interest at SOFR plus a spread rate that ranges from 1.35 % to 7.50 % (weighted average spread of 2.99 %).
 Long-term debt maturities, based upon the par values and contractual maturities of the long-term debt, for the next five years and thereafter are as follows.

 2025
 2026
 2027
 2028
 2029
 Thereafter
 Total

 The Parent Company:

 Senior notes
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 $
 1,250
 $
 3,550
 $
 6,018

 Subordinated notes
 —
 —
 —
 1,307
 1,409

 The Bank:

 Senior notes
 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,700

 Subordinated notes
 —
 —
 —

 FHLB advances
 3,500
 —
 4,701

 Auto loan securitization trust (1)

 —
 —
 —
 —
 1,027

 Credit linked notes (1)

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Other

 Total
 $
 $
 3,552
 $
 1,297
 $
 2,245
 $
 2,027
 $
 6,732
 $
 16,679

 (1) The contractual maturities are in the years presented, however, the underlying loans will pay down through the contractual maturities. In addition, there is an optional redemption date in which Huntington has the right to redeem the notes after the period in which the aggregate principal balance is less than or equal to 10% of the original principal balance.
 The terms of certain long-term debt obligations contain various restrictive covenants including limitations on the acquisition of additional debt, dividend payments, and the disposition of subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2024, Huntington was in compliance with all such covenants.
 2024 Form 10-K 127

 11. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 The components of Huntington's OCI were as follows.

 Pretax
 Tax (expense) benefit
 After-tax

 Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 ( 454)
 $
 $
 ( 347)

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 18)

 Total unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 360)

 Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 111)
 ( 85)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 ( 55)

 ( 29)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 ( 6)
 —
 ( 6)

 Change in accumulated unrealized losses for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 12)
 ( 9)

 Other comprehensive loss
 $
 ( 253)
 $
 $

 Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 $
 ( 36)
 $

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 11)

 Total unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 47)

 Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 37)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 ( 43)

 ( 80)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 —

 Change in accumulated unrealized losses for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 4)
 ( 3)

 Other comprehensive income
 $
 $
 ( 126)
 $

 Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period, net of hedges
 $
 ( 2,934)
 $
 $
 ( 2,261)

 Reclassification adjustment for realized net losses included in net income
 ( 23)

 Total unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of hedges
 ( 2,834)
 ( 2,184)

 Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges during the period
 ( 896)

 Reclassification adjustment for cash flow hedges included in net income
 —
 —
 —

 ( 896)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges (1)
 ( 5)
 —
 ( 5)

 Change in accumulated unrealized losses for pension and other post-retirement obligations
 ( 4)

 Other comprehensive loss
 $
 ( 3,716)
 $
 $

 (1)Foreign investments are deemed to be permanent in nature and, therefore, Huntington does not provide for taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments.
 128 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Activity in accumulated OCI was as follows.

 Unrealized losses
 on
 available-for-sale
 securities, net of hedges (1)

 Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 Unrealized
 losses for
 pension and other
 post-retirement
 obligations

 Total

 December 31, 2021
 $
 ( 64)
 $
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 ( 225)
 $
 ( 229)

 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 ( 2,261)
 ( 5)
 —
 ( 2,961)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 —

 Period change
 ( 2,184)
 ( 5)

 December 31, 2022
 ( 2,248)
 ( 632)
 ( 8)
 ( 210)
 ( 3,098)

 Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 —

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 ( 3)

 Period change
 ( 3)

 ( 2,094)
 ( 363)
 ( 6)
 ( 213)
 ( 2,676)

 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications

 ( 347)
 ( 85)
 ( 6)
 —
 ( 438)

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings
 —
 ( 9)

 Period change
 ( 6)
 ( 9)

 $
 ( 2,365)
 $
 ( 267)
 $
 ( 12)
 $
 ( 222)
 $
 ( 2,866)

 (1)AOCI amounts at December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 include $ 50 million, $ 58 million, and $ 66 million, respectively, of net unrealized losses (after-tax) on securities transferred from the available-for-sale securities portfolio to the held-to-maturity securities portfolio. The net unrealized losses will be recognized in earnings over the remaining life of the security using the effective interest method.

 12. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 Preferred Stock
 The following is a summary of Huntington's non-cumulative, non-voting, perpetual preferred stock outstanding.

 Carrying Amount

 Series
 Issuance Date
 Shares Outstanding
 Dividend Rate
 Earliest Optional Redemption Date (1)

 Series B (2)
 12/28/2011
 35,500
 Variable (3)
 1/15/2017
 $
 $

 Series E (4)
 2/27/2018
 —
 Variable (5)
 4/15/2023
 —

 Series F (4)
 5/27/2020
 5,000
 5.625
 %
 7/15/2030

 Series G (4)
 8/3/2020
 5,000
 4.45
 10/15/2027

 Series H (2)
 2/2/2021
 500,000
 4.50
 4/15/2026

 Series I (6)
 6/9/2021
 7,000
 5.70
 12/01/2022

 Series J (2)
 3/6/2023
 325,000
 6.875
 4/15/2028

 Total
 877,500
 $
 1,989
 $
 2,394

 (1)Redeemable at Huntington's option on the date stated or on a quarterly basis thereafter.
 (2)Liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 1,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.
 (3)Dividend rate converted to 3-month CME Term SOFR + 26 bps LIBOR spread adjustment + 270 bps effective July 15, 2023. Prior to July 15, 2023, the dividend rate was 3-month LIBOR + 270 bps.
 (4)Liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 100,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.
 (5)Dividend rate converted to 3-month CME Term SOFR + 26 bps LIBOR spread adjustment + 288 bps effective July 15, 2023. Prior to July 15, 2023, the dividend rate was 3-month LIBOR + 288 bps.
 (6) Liquidation value and redemption price per share of $ 25,000, plus any declared and unpaid dividends.

 2024 Form 10-K 129

 The following table presents the dividends declared for each series of Preferred shares.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 (amounts in millions, except per share data)
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share
 Cash Dividend Declared Per Share

 Preferred Series
 Amount ($)
 Amount ($)
 Amount ($)

 Series B
 $
 81.10
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 80.28
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 46.68
 $
 ( 2)

 Series E
 6,412.62
 ( 26)
 7,753.75
 ( 37)
 5,700.00
 ( 29)

 Series F
 5,625.00
 ( 28)
 5,625.00
 ( 28)
 5,625.00
 ( 28)

 Series G
 4,450.00
 ( 22)
 4,450.00
 ( 22)
 4,450.00
 ( 22)

 Series H
 45.00
 ( 23)
 45.00
 ( 23)
 45.00
 ( 22)

 Series I
 1,425.00
 ( 10)
 1,425.00
 ( 10)
 1,425.00
 ( 10)

 Series J
 68.76
 ( 22)
 59.02
 ( 19)
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 $
 ( 142)
 $

 During the fourth quarter of 2024, all remaining $ 405 million of outstanding Series E Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, was redeemed. During the fourth quarter of 2023, $ 90 million of outstanding Series E Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, was repurchased.

 13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
 Basic earnings per share is the amount of earnings (adjusted for preferred stock dividends and the impact of preferred stock repurchases and redemptions) available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include incremental shares issued for stock options, restricted stock units and awards, performance share units, and shares held in deferred compensation plans. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive.
 The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows.

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share data, share count in thousands)
 2024
 2023
 2022

 Basic earnings per common share:

 $
 1,940
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238

 Dividends on preferred shares

 Impact of preferred stock redemptions and repurchases
 ( 8)
 —

 Net income available to common shareholders
 $
 1,801
 $
 1,817
 $
 2,125

 Average common shares issued and outstanding
 1,451,421
 1,446,449
 1,441,279

 Basic earnings per common share
 $
 1.24
 $
 1.26
 $
 1.47

 Diluted earnings per common share:

 Average dilutive potential common shares:

 Stock options, restricted stock units and awards, and performance share units
 17,669
 14,456
 17,534

 Shares held in deferred compensation plans
 7,352
 7,111
 6,407

 Average dilutive potential common shares
 25,021
 21,567
 23,941

 Total diluted average common shares issued and outstanding
 1,476,442
 1,468,016
 1,465,220

 Diluted earnings per common share
 $
 1.22
 $
 1.24
 $
 1.45

 Anti-dilutive awards (1)
 4,534
 11,039
 5,303

 (1)Reflects the total number of shares related to outstanding options that have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would have been anti-dilutive.
 130 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 14. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
 Revenue is segregated based on the nature of product and services offered as part of contractual arrangements. Revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is broadly segregated within the following noninterest income categories:
 • Payments and cash management revenue primarily includes interchange fees earned on debit cards and credit cards and fees earned from providing cash management services to corporate deposit customers. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes debit and credit card interchange fees for services performed related to authorization and settlement of a cardholder's transaction with a merchant. Revenue is recognized when a cardholder's transaction is approved and settled. Certain volume or transaction based interchange expenses (net of rebates) paid to the payment network reduce the interchange revenue and are presented net on the income statement. Similarly, rewards payable under a reward program to cardholders are recognized as a reduction of the transaction price and are presented net against the interchange revenue. Revenue from providing cash management services to corporate deposit customers is recognized over the period of time services are rendered.
 • Wealth and asset management revenue primarily includes fee income generated from providing wealth and asset management services to personal, corporate, and institutional customers, including, but not limited to, fees and commissions earned from trust and investment management services, sales of annuity products, and tax reporting services. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes revenue from wealth and asset management services are rendered over a period of time. Huntington may also recognize revenue from referring a customer to outside third-parties to purchase annuities and mutual funds which is recognized in the period earned.
 • Customer deposit and loan fees primarily includes fees and other charges Huntington receives related to service charges on deposit accounts, loan commitments and standby letters of credits, and other deposit and lending activity. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes fees and other charges for providing various services, including, but not limited to, maintaining accounts, providing overdraft services, transferring funds, and accepting and executing stop-payment orders for customers. Revenue includes both fixed fees (e.g., account maintenance fee), recognized over a period of time, and transaction fees (e.g., wire-transfer fee), recognized when a specific service is performed. Huntington may, from time to time, waive certain fees for customers but generally does not reduce the transaction price to reflect variability for future reversals due to the insignificance of the amounts. Waiver of fees reduces the revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the customer.
 • Capital markets and advisory fees primarily includes advisory fees for merger, acquisition and capital markets activity, interest rate derivative fees, underwriting fees, foreign exchange fees, loan syndication fees, and fees earned from customer-related sales activity. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes revenue associated with capital markets and advisory fees when the related transaction closes.
 • Leasing revenue primarily includes income from operating lease payments and termination of leases. Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes leasing revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Inherent variability in the transaction price is not recognized until the uncertainty affecting the variability is resolved.
 • Insurance income primarily includes agency commissions from the sale of insurance premiums to customers. All insurance income is recognized within the scope of ASC 606. Huntington receives commissions from the sales of insurance policies to customers. The initial commission is recognized when the insurance policy is sold to a customer. Huntington is also entitled to renewal commissions and, in some cases, profit sharing which are recognized in subsequent periods.
 • Other - Within the scope of ASC 606, Huntington recognizes a variety of other miscellaneous revenue streams which are recognized when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
 2024 Form 10-K 131

 The following table shows Huntington's total noninterest income segregated between revenue with contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 and revenue within the scope of other GAAP Topics.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Revenue from contracts with customers

 $
 1,468
 $
 1,400
 $
 1,318

 Revenue within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 2,040
 $
 1,921
 $
 1,981

 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing arrangements exist to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to, or providing service to, customers. Business segment results are determined based upon management's reporting system, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around Huntington's organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions.
 The following table illustrates the disaggregation by operating segment and major revenue stream and reconciles disaggregated revenue to segment revenue presented in Note 24 - " Segment Reporting."

 Huntington Consolidated

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 —

 —

 ( 1)

 ( 4)

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 1,120
 $
 $
 ( 5)
 $
 1,468

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,301
 $
 $
 $
 2,040

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 ( 2)

 —

 ( 1)

 ( 2)

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 1,098
 $
 $
 ( 5)
 $
 1,400

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,257
 $
 $
 $
 1,921

 Major Revenue Streams

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 —

 —

 ( 3)

 —

 ( 1)

 ( 2)

 Net revenue from contracts with customers
 $
 1,020
 $
 $
 ( 6)
 $
 1,318

 Noninterest income within the scope of other GAAP topics

 $
 1,272
 $
 $
 $
 1,981

 132 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Huntington generally provides services for customers in which it acts as principal. Payment terms and conditions vary amongst services and customers, and thus impact the timing and amount of revenue recognition. Some fees may be paid before any service is rendered and accordingly, such fees are deferred until the obligations pertaining to those fees are satisfied. Most Huntington contracts with customers are cancelable by either party without penalty or they are short-term in nature, with a contract duration of less than one year. Accordingly, most revenue deferred for the reporting period ended December 31, 2024 is expected to be earned within one year. Huntington does not have significant balances of contract assets or contract liabilities and any change in those balances during the reporting period ended December 31, 2024 was determined to be immaterial.

 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
 Share-based awards are eligible for issuance under the Company's long term incentive plan. The plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share units, and other awards to officers, directors, and other employees. At December 31, 2024, 37 million shares were available for future grants.
 Huntington issues shares to fulfill share-based award vesting from available authorized common shares. At December 31, 2024, Huntington believes there are adequate authorized common shares to satisfy anticipated share-based award vesting in 2025.
 The following table presents total share-based compensation expense and related tax benefit.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Share-based compensation expense (1)
 $
 $
 $

 Tax benefit

 (1)Compensation costs are included in personnel costs on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 Stock Options
 Stock options, awarded by Huntington, are granted at the closing market price on the date of the grant and vest ratably over four years or when other conditions are met. Stock options, which represented a portion of the grant values, have no intrinsic value until the stock price increases. All options have a contractual term of ten years from the date of grant.
 Huntington's stock option activity and related information was as follows.

 (dollar amounts in millions, except per share and options amounts in thousands)
 Options
 Weighted-
Exercise Price
 Weighted-Average
Remaining
 Contractual Life (Years)

 Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

 Outstanding at January 1, 2024
 12,922
 $
 12.58

 Exercised
 ( 2,481)
 11.40

 Forfeited/expired
 ( 135)
 14.11

 Outstanding at December 31, 2024
 10,306
 $
 12.84
 4.1
 $

 Expected to vest
 $
 16.00
 6.3
 $

 Exercisable at December 31, 2024
 9,835
 $
 12.69
 4.0
 $

 Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units
 Restricted stock units and performance share units awarded by Huntington are granted at the closing market price on the date of the grant. Restricted stock units can be settled in shares or cash depending on the award and, for the most part, provide either accumulated cash dividends during the vesting period or, accrue a dividend equivalent that is paid upon vesting. Restricted stock units are subject to certain service restrictions. Performance share units are payable contingent upon Huntington achieving certain predefined performance objectives over a three-year measurement period. The fair value of these awards and units reflects the closing market price of Huntington's common stock on the grant or assumption date.
 2024 Form 10-K 133

 The following table summarizes the status of Huntington's restricted stock units and performance share units as of December 31, 2024, and activity for the year ended December 31, 2024.

 Restricted Stock Units
 Performance Share Units

 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
 Quantity
 Weighted-
 Grant Date
 Per Share

 Quantity
 Weighted-
 Grant Date
 Per Share

 Nonvested at January 1, 2024

 24,669
 $
 13.15
 3,220
 $
 15.19

 Granted
 9,060
 13.12
 1,975
 12.95

 Vested
 ( 5,866)
 11.97
 ( 1,581)
 16.04

 Forfeited
 ( 1,092)
 14.38
 ( 43)
 14.31

 Nonvested at December 31, 2024
 26,771
 $
 14.13
 3,571
 $
 14.19

 The weighted-average fair value at grant date of nonvested shares granted for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $ 13.09, $ 14.14, and $ 13.47, respectively. The total fair value of awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $ 96 million, $ 99 million, and $ 105 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested shares was $ 297 million with a weighted-average expense recognition period of 2.2 years.

 16. BENEFIT PLANS
 Huntington sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees hired or rehired prior to January 1, 2010. The Plan no longer accrues service benefits to participants and provides benefits based upon length of service and compensation levels. Huntington's funding policy is to contribute an annual amount that is at least equal to the minimum funding requirements but not more than the amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code. There were no required minimum contributions during 2024.
 The following table shows the weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and the net periodic benefit cost.

 2024
 2023

 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:

 Discount rate
 5.67
 %
 5.15
 %

 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:

 Discount rate
 5.15
 5.41

 Expected return on plan assets
 5.50
 5.00

 The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation of the Plan with the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

 2024
 2023

 Projected benefit obligation at beginning of measurement year
 $
 $

 Changes due to:

 Service cost

 Interest cost

 Benefits paid
 ( 34)
 ( 33)

 ( 9)
 ( 16)

 Actuarial (losses) gains

 ( 35)

 Total changes
 ( 41)
 ( 5)

 Projected benefit obligation at end of measurement year
 $
 $

 134 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the fair value of Plan assets.

 2024
 2023

 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of measurement year
 $
 $

 Changes due to:

 Actual return on plan assets
 ( 8)

 ( 9)
 ( 17)

 Benefits paid
 ( 34)
 ( 33)

 Total changes
 ( 51)
 ( 11)

 Fair value of plan assets at end of measurement year
 $
 $

 As of December 31, 2024, the difference between the accumulated benefit obligation and the fair value of Plan assets was $ 32 million and is recorded in other assets.
 The following table shows the components of net periodic benefit costs recognized.

 Year Ended December 31, (1)

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Service cost
 $
 $
 $

 Interest cost

 Expected return on plan assets
 ( 46)
 ( 43)
 ( 41)

 Amortization of loss

 Benefit costs
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 $

 (1) Pension costs are recognized in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Northern Trust, as trustee, held all Plan assets. The Plan assets consisted of investments in a variety of cash equivalent, corporate and government fixed income, and equity investments as follows.

 Fair Value at December 31,

 2024
 2023

 Cash equivalents:

 Mutual funds-money market
 $
 %
 $
 %

 Fixed income:

 Corporate obligations

 U.S. Government obligations

 Municipal obligations
 —
 —

 Collective trust funds

 Equities:

 Limited liability companies

 Collective trust funds

 Limited partnerships

 Fair value of plan assets
 $
 %
 $
 %

 2024 Form 10-K 135

 Investments of the Plan are reported at fair value. The valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of pension plan assets vary depending on the type of asset. At December 31, 2024, mutual money market funds are valued at the closing price reported from an actively traded exchange and are classified as Level 1. Fixed income investments are valued using unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for similar assets are classified as Level 2. Collective trust funds and limited liability companies are valued at net asset value per unit as a practical expedient, which is calculated based on the fair values of the underlying investments held by the fund less its liabilities as reported by the issuer of the fund. The investment in the limited partnerships is reported at net asset value per share as determined by the general partners of each limited partnership, based on their proportionate share of the partnership's fair value as recorded in the partnership's audited financial statements.
 The investment objective of the Plan is to maximize the return on Plan assets over a long-time period, while meeting the Plan obligations. At December 31, 2024, Plan assets had an average duration of 11.9 years on investments. The estimated life of benefit obligations was 9.7 years. Although it may fluctuate with market conditions, Huntington has targeted a long-term allocation of Plan assets of 90 % in bond investments and 10 % in equity investments.
 At December 31, 2024, the following table shows when benefit payments are expected to be paid.

 Pension Benefits

 2025
 $

 2026

 2027

 2028

 2029

 2030 through 2034

 Huntington has a defined contribution plan that is available to eligible employees. Huntington's expense related to the defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $ 61 million, $ 61 million, and $ 58 million, respectively.
 The following table shows the number of shares, market value, and dividends received on shares of Huntington stock held by the defined contribution plan.

 (dollar amounts in millions, share amounts in thousands)
 2024
 2023

 Shares in Huntington common stock
 10,910
 11,899

 Market value of Huntington common stock
 $
 $

 Dividends received on shares of Huntington stock

 17. INCOME TAXES
 The following is a summary of the provision for income taxes.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Current tax provision

 Federal
 $
 $
 $

 State

 Foreign

 Total current tax provision

 Deferred tax (benefit) provision

 Federal
 ( 24)
 ( 291)

 State
 ( 2)
 ( 11)
 —

 Total deferred tax (benefit) provision
 ( 26)
 ( 302)

 $
 $
 $

 136 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following is a reconciliation of the provision for income taxes.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Provision for income taxes computed at the statutory rate
 $
 $
 $

 Increases (decreases):

 General business credits
 ( 253)
 ( 164)

 Tax-exempt income
 ( 29)
 ( 28)
 ( 21)

 Capital loss
 —
 —
 ( 60)

 Affordable housing investment amortization, net of tax benefits

 State income taxes, net

 Other

 $
 $
 $

 The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows.

 2024
 2023

 Deferred tax assets:

 Fair value adjustments
 $
 $

 Allowances for credit losses

 Tax credit carryforward

 Research and development expenses

 Net operating and other loss carryforward

 Lease liability

 Pension and other employee benefits

 Accrued expense/prepaid

 Purchase accounting and other intangibles

 Other assets

 Total deferred tax assets
 2,268
 2,093

 Deferred tax liabilities:

 Loan origination costs

 Mortgage servicing rights

 Operating assets

 Right-of-use asset

 Securities adjustments

 Other liabilities

 Total deferred tax liabilities
 1,439
 1,353

 Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance

 Valuation allowance
 ( 36)
 ( 30)

 Net deferred tax asset
 $
 $

 At December 31, 2024, Huntington's net deferred tax asset related to loss and other carryforwards was $ 542 million. This was comprised of federal net operating loss carryforwards of $ 36 million, which will begin expiring in 2030, state net operating loss carryforwards of $ 41 million, which will begin expiring in 2025, a federal capital loss carryforward of $ 10 million, which will begin expiring in 2025, state capital loss carryforwards of $ 3 million, which will begin expiring in 2025, general business credits of $ 449 million, which will begin expiring in 2042, and a corporate alternative minimum tax carryover of $ 3 million, which may be carried forward indefinitely.
 The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 was $ 36 million, which included a federal valuation allowance of $ 7 million and a state valuation allowance of $ 29 million.
 2024 Form 10-K 137

 The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state, city, and foreign jurisdictions. Federal income tax audits have been completed for tax years through 2019. The 2020-2023 tax years remain open under the statute of limitations. Also, with few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state, city, or foreign income tax examinations for tax years before 2020.
 The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits.

 2024
 2023

 Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year
 $
 $

 Gross increases for tax positions taken during prior years

 Gross decreases for tax positions taken during prior years
 ( 2)
 —

 Gross increases for tax positions taken during current year
 —

 Settlements with taxing authorities
 —
 ( 94)

 Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year
 $
 $

 Due to the complexities of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a liability that is materially different from the current estimate of the tax liabilities.
 Any interest and penalties on income tax assessments or income tax refunds are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of provision for income taxes. The amounts of accrued tax-related interest and penalties were immaterial at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Further, the amount of net interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits was immaterial for all periods presented. All of the gross unrecognized tax benefits would impact the Company's effective tax rate if recognized.
 At December 31, 2024, retained earnings included approximately $ 182 million of base year reserves of acquired thrift institutions, for which no deferred federal income tax liability has been recognized. Under current law, if these bad debt reserves are used for purposes other than to absorb bad debt losses, they will be subject to federal income tax at the corporate rate enacted at the time. The amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability relating to the cumulative bad debt deduction was approximately $ 38 million at December 31, 2024.

 18. FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
 Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value rarely transfer between Level 1 and Level 2 measurements. There were no such transfers during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 Huntington has elected to apply the FVO for mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell which are included in loans held for sale. Mortgage loans held for sale are classified as Level 2 and are estimated using security prices for similar product types.
 Certain mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell for which the FVO was elected have been reclassified to loans held for investment. These loans continue to be measured at fair value. The fair value of loans held for investment classified as Level 2 are estimated using security prices for similar product types similar to loans held for sale. The fair value of loans held for investment classified as Level 3 is determined using fair value of similar mortgage-backed securities adjusted for loan specific variables.
 138 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Available-for-sale and trading account securities
 Securities accounted for at fair value include both the available-for-sale and trading account portfolios. Huntington determines the fair value of securities utilizing quoted market prices obtained for identical or similar assets, third-party pricing services, third-party valuation specialists and other observable inputs such as recent trade observations. AFS and trading securities classified as Level 1 use quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical securities at the measurement date. Level 1 positions in these portfolios consist of U.S. Treasury securities. When quoted market prices are not available, fair values are classified as Level 2 using quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices of identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 2 positions in these portfolios consist of U.S. Government and agency debt securities, agency mortgage backed securities, private-label asset-backed securities, certain municipal securities, and other securities. For Level 2 securities Huntington primarily uses prices obtained from third-party pricing services to determine the fair value of securities. Huntington independently evaluates and corroborates the fair value received from pricing services through various methods and techniques, including references to dealer or other market quotes, by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments, and by comparing the prices realized on the sale of similar securities. If relevant market prices are limited or unavailable, valuations may require significant management judgment or estimation to determine fair value, in which case the fair values are classified as Level 3. The Level 3 positions predominantly consist of direct purchase municipal securities. A significant change in the unobservable inputs for these securities may result in a significant change in the ending fair value measurement of these securities.
 Direct purchase municipal securities, in addition to certain private-label CMOs and asset-backed securities, are classified as Level 3 and require estimates to determine fair value which results in greater subjectivity. The fair value is determined by utilizing a discounted cash flow valuation technique employed by a third-party valuation specialist. The third-party specialist uses assumptions related to yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rates and loss severity based on certain factors such as, credit worthiness of the counterparty, prevailing market rates, and analysis of similar securities. Huntington evaluates the fair values provided by the third-party specialist for reasonableness.
 Derivative assets and liabilities
 Derivatives classified as Level 2 primarily consist of interest rate contracts, which are valued using a discounted cash flow method that incorporates current market interest rates. In addition, Level 2 includes foreign exchange and commodity contracts, which are valued using exchange traded swaps, exchange traded options, and futures market data. Level 2 also includes exchange traded options and forward commitments to deliver mortgage-backed securities, which are valued using quoted prices.
 Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock agreements related to mortgage loan commitments, the Visa share swap, and credit default swaps.
 2024 Form 10-K 139

 MSRs
 MSRs are accounted for using the fair value method and are classified as Level 3. Refer to Note 6 - " Mortgage Loan Sales and Servicing Rights " for information on valuation methodology.
 Huntington has elected to apply the fair value option for CLNs structured as long-term debt. CLNs are classified as Level 2 using quoted prices for similar liabilities in active markets, quoted prices of similar liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the assets, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including instruments we have elected the fair value option.

 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting Adjustments (1)
 Total

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Trading account securities:

 U.S. Treasury securities
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Other trading account securities
 —
 —
 —

 Total trading account securities

 —
 —

 U.S. Treasury securities
 6,556
 —
 —
 —
 6,556

 —
 10,017
 —
 —
 10,017

 —
 3,345
 —
 —
 3,345

 —
 1,752
 —
 —
 1,752

 —
 —
 —

 —
 3,954
 —
 3,988

 —
 1,055
 —
 —
 1,055

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 6,556
 16,693
 4,024
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 MSRs
 —
 —
 —

 Other assets:

 —
 ( 344)

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 ( 90)

 140 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting Adjustments (1)
 Total

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Trading account securities:

 U.S. Treasury securities
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 Other trading account securities
 —
 —
 —

 Total trading account securities

 —
 —

 U.S. Treasury securities
 2,856
 —
 —
 —
 2,856

 —
 11,382
 —
 —
 11,382

 —
 3,184
 —
 —
 3,184

 —
 1,827
 —
 —
 1,827

 —
 —
 —

 —
 3,335
 —
 3,373

 —
 2,043
 —
 —
 2,043

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 2,856
 19,019
 3,430
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —

 MSRs
 —
 —
 —

 Other assets:

 —
 1,720
 ( 1,330)

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —
 —

 —
 1,416
 ( 751)

 (1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
 2024 Form 10-K 141

 The following tables present a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3. The classification of an item as Level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 measurements may also include observable components of value that can be validated externally. Accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative
 Municipal
 Private-
label
CMO
 Asset-
backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,335
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers into Level 3
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 25)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 1)
 ( 1)
 —
 ( 1)

 —
 —
 ( 2)
 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 ( 13)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Purchases/originations
 —
 1,256
 —
 —

 Repayments
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 5)

 ( 56)
 ( 667)
 ( 41)
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 $
 3,954
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 1)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 142 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative

 Municipal

 Private-
label
CMO
 Asset-
 backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,248
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers into Level 3
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 23)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 2)
 ( 1)
 —
 ( 3)

 —
 —
 —
 —

 —
 ( 2)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Purchases/originations
 —
 —
 —

 Sales
 ( 1)
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 ( 48)
 —
 ( 912)
 —
 —
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,335
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 3)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 MSRs
 Derivative

 Municipal

 Private
 label CMO

 Asset-
 backed

 Opening balance
 $
 $
 $
 3,477
 $
 $
 $

 Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
 —
 ( 3)
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Total gains/losses for the period:

 Included in earnings:

 Interest and fee income
 —
 —
 ( 5)
 ( 3)
 —
 —

 —
 —
 ( 4)
 —
 —
 —

 ( 3)
 —
 —
 —

 Included in OCI
 —
 —
 ( 262)
 —
 ( 1)
 —

 Purchases/originations
 —
 1,087
 —

 Repayments
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 4)

 ( 56)
 —
 ( 1,045)
 ( 1)
 ( 26)
 —

 Closing balance
 $
 $
 ( 2)
 $
 3,248
 $
 $
 $

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets held at end of the reporting date
 $
 $
 ( 8)
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
 —
 —
 ( 257)
 —
 ( 1)
 —

 (1) Transfers out of Level 3 represent the settlement value of the derivative instruments (i.e., interest rate lock agreements) that are transferred to loans held for sale, which is classified as Level 2.
 2024 Form 10-K 143

 Assets and liabilities under the fair value option
 The following table presents the fair value and aggregate principal balance of certain assets and liabilities under the fair value option.

 Total Loans
 Loans that are 90 or more days past due

 Fair value
carrying
amount
 Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 Difference
 Fair value
carrying
amount
 Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 Difference

 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 ( 11)
 —

 ( 4)

 $
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —

 $
 ( 10)
 ( 1)

 The following table presents the net (losses) gains from fair value changes.

 Classification

 2024
 2023
 2022

 $
 ( 5)
 $
 $
 ( 26)

 ( 1)
 ( 5)

 ( 4)
 —
 —

 Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 Certain assets and liabilities may be required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, for example, when there is evidence of impairment. The gains (losses) represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at period end.
 The amounts measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were as follows.
 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 Total Losses Year Ended

 December 31, 2022

 Collateral-dependent loans
 $
 $
 $
 ( 122)
 $
 ( 21)
 $
 ( 1)

 Huntington records nonrecurring adjustments of collateral-dependent loans held for investment. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of the collateral and incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties and cost of construction. Periodically, in cases where the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, an impairment charge is recognized in the form of a charge-off.
 144 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value
 The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

 Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (1)

 Valuation Technique
 Significant Unobservable Input
 Range
 Weighted

 Range
 Weighted

 Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 MSRs
 Discounted cash flow
 Constant prepayment rate
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Municipal securities and asset-backed securities
 Discounted cash flow
 Discount rate
 %
 -
 %
 %
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Cumulative default
 —
 %
 -
 %
 %
 —
 %
 -
 %
 %

 Loss given default (2)
 %
 %

 (1)Certain disclosures related to quantitative level 3 fair value measurements do not include those deemed to be immaterial.
 (2)The range is not meaningful for this unobservable input.

 The following provides a general description of the impact of a change in an unobservable input on the fair value measurement and the interrelationship between unobservable inputs, where relevant/significant. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs.
 Components of credit loss estimates including probability of default, constant default, cumulative default, loss given default, cure given deferral, and loss severity, are driven by the ability of the borrowers to pay their loans and the value of the underlying collateral and are impacted by changes in macroeconomic conditions, typically increasing when economic conditions worsen and decreasing when conditions improve. An increase in the estimated prepayment rate typically results in a decrease in estimated credit losses and vice versa. Higher credit loss estimates generally result in lower fair values. Credit spreads generally increase when liquidity risks and market volatility increase and decrease when liquidity conditions and market volatility improve.
 Discount rates and spread over forward interest rate swap rates typically increase when market interest rates increase and/or credit and liquidity risks increase and decrease when market interest rates decline and/or credit and liquidity conditions improve. Higher discount rates and credit spreads generally result in lower fair market values.
 Fair values of financial instruments
 Many of the assets and liabilities subject to the disclosure requirements are not actively traded, requiring fair values to be estimated by management. These estimations necessarily involve the use of judgment about a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, relevancy of market prices of comparable instruments, expected future cash flows, and appropriate discount rates.
 The short-term nature of certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include trading account securities, customers' acceptance liabilities, short-term borrowings, bank acceptances outstanding, and cash and short-term assets, which include cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits with banks. Loan commitments and letters-of-credit generally have short-term, variable-rate features and contain clauses that limit Huntington's exposure to changes in customer credit quality. Accordingly, their carrying values, which are immaterial at the respective balance sheet dates, are reasonable estimates of fair value.
 Certain assets, the most significant being operating lease assets, bank owned life insurance, and premises and equipment, do not meet the definition of a financial instrument and are excluded from this disclosure. Similarly, mortgage servicing rights and relationship intangibles are not considered financial instruments and are not included in the following tables. Accordingly, this fair value information is not intended to, and does not, represent Huntington's underlying value.
 2024 Form 10-K 145

 The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Huntington's financial instruments.

 Lower of Cost or Market
 Fair Value or
 Fair Value Option

 Total Carrying Amount
 Estimated Fair Value

 Financial Assets

 Cash and short-term assets
 $
 13,332
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 13,332
 $
 13,332

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —
 14,086

 —

 —

 Net loans and leases (1)
 127,625
 —
 127,798
 125,557

 —
 —

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 Deposits (2)
 —
 —
 162,455

 —
 —

 15,553
 —
 16,374
 16,573

 —
 —

 Financial Assets

 Cash and short-term assets
 $
 10,323
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 10,323
 $
 10,323

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —

 —

 Net loans and leases (1)
 119,553
 —
 119,727
 116,781

 —
 —

 Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plans
 —
 —

 Financial Liabilities

 Deposits (2)
 —
 —
 151,183

 —
 —

 12,394
 —
 —
 12,394
 12,276

 —
 —

 (1)Includes collateral-dependent loans.
 (2)Includes $ 1.5 billion and $ 1.4 billion in time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance coverage limit at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

 146 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table presents the level in the fair value hierarchy for estimated fair values.

 Estimated Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 Netting
 Estimated Fair Value

 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Adjustments (1)

 Financial Assets

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 6,556
 16,693
 4,024
 —

 2,023
 12,063
 —
 —
 14,086

 Other securities (2)
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Net loans and leases
 —
 125,444
 —
 125,557

 —
 ( 344)

 Financial Liabilities

 —
 147,045
 15,410
 —
 162,455

 —
 —
 —

 —
 11,242
 5,331
 —
 16,573

 —
 ( 90)

 Financial Assets

 $
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 2,856
 19,019
 3,430
 —

 —
 —
 —

 Other securities (2)
 —
 —

 —
 —

 Net loans and leases
 —
 116,661
 —
 116,781

 —
 1,720
 ( 1,330)

 Financial Liabilities

 —
 135,627
 15,556
 —
 151,183

 —
 —
 —

 —
 8,929
 3,347
 —
 12,276

 —
 1,416
 ( 751)

 (1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
 (2)Excludes securities without readily determinable fair values.

 19. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or a liability (in other assets or other liabilities, respectively) and measured at fair value.
 Derivative financial instruments can be designated as accounting hedges under GAAP. Designating a derivative as an accounting hedge allows Huntington to recognize gains and losses on the hedging instruments in the income statement line item where the gains and losses on the hedged item are recognized. Gains and losses on derivatives that are not designated in an effective hedge relationship under GAAP immediately impact earnings within the period they occur.
 2024 Form 10-K 147

 The following table presents the fair values and notional values of all derivative instruments included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts in the table below are presented gross without the impact of any net collateral arrangements.

 Notional Value
 Asset
 Liability
 Notional Value
 Asset
 Liability

 Derivatives designated as Hedging Instruments

 Interest rate contracts
 $
 45,634
 $
 $
 —
 $
 38,017
 $
 $

 Foreign exchange contracts
 —
 —

 Derivatives not designated as Hedging Instruments

 Interest rate contracts
 42,359
 41,526

 Foreign exchange contracts
 5,465
 5,257

 Equity contracts
 —

 Commodities contracts

 Credit contracts
 —
 —

 Total Contracts
 $
 95,461
 $
 $
 $
 86,843
 $
 1,723
 $
 1,421

 The following table presents the amount of gain or loss recognized in income for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Subtopic 815-10 in the Consolidated Income Statement.

 Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Interest rate contracts:

 Customer
 $
 $
 $

 Mortgage banking
 ( 49)
 ( 10)
 ( 109)

 Interest rate swaptions

 —
 ( 24)
 —

 Foreign exchange contracts

 Credit contracts
 ( 14)
 ( 2)
 —

 Commodities contracts

 Equity contracts
 Other noninterest income and other noninterest expense
 ( 18)
 ( 13)
 ( 9)

 Total
 $
 $
 $
 ( 21)

 Derivatives used in asset and liability management activities
 Huntington engages in balance sheet hedging activity, principally for asset and liability management purposes. Balance sheet hedging activity is generally arranged to receive hedge accounting treatment that can be classified as either fair value or cash flow hedges. Fair value hedges are executed to hedge changes in fair value of outstanding fixed-rate debt and investment securities caused by fluctuations in market interest rates. Cash flow hedges are executed to modify interest rate characteristics of designated commercial loans in order to reduce the impact of changes in future cash flows due to market interest rate changes.
 148 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following table presents the gross notional values of derivatives used in Huntington's asset and liability management activities, identified by the underlying interest rate-sensitive instruments.

 Fair Value Hedges
 Cash Flow Hedges
 Economic Hedges
 Total

 Instruments associated with:

 Investment securities
 $
 10,987
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 10,987

 Loans
 —
 23,300
 23,475

 11,347
 —
 —
 11,347

 Total notional value
 $
 22,334
 $
 23,300
 $
 $
 45,809

 Fair Value Hedges
 Cash Flow Hedges
 Economic Hedges
 Total

 Instruments associated with:

 Investment securities
 $
 11,649
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 11,649

 Loans
 —
 16,675
 16,850

 9,693
 —
 —
 9,693

 Total notional value
 $
 21,342
 $
 16,675
 $
 $
 38,192

 These derivative financial instruments were entered into for the purpose of managing the interest rate risk of assets and liabilities. Net amounts receivable or payable on contracts hedging either interest earning assets or interest bearing liabilities were accrued as an adjustment to either interest income or interest expense. Adjustments to interest income were also recorded for the amounts related to the amortization of premiums for floors that were not included in the measurement of hedge effectiveness, as well as the amounts related to terminated hedges reclassified from AOCI. The net amounts resulted in decreases to net interest income of $ 231 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $ 248 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and an increase to net interest income of $ 76 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
 Fair Value Hedges
 The changes in fair value of the fair value hedges are recorded through earnings and offset against changes in the fair value of the hedged item.
 Huntington has designated $ 11.0 billion of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate investment securities using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows the Company to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. The fair value portfolio level basis adjustment on our hedged mortgage-backed securities portfolio has not been attributed to the individual available-for-sale securities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 The following table presents the change in fair value for derivatives designated as fair value hedges as well as the offsetting change in fair value on the hedged item.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Interest rate contracts

 Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging investment securities (1)
 $
 ( 246)
 $
 ( 284)
 $

 Change in fair value of hedged investment securities (1)
 ( 862)

 Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging long-term debt (2)
 ( 109)
 ( 300)

 Change in fair value of hedged long term debt (2)
 ( 141)

 (1)Recognized in Interest income—available-for-sale securities—taxable in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 (2)Recognized in Interest expense - long-term debt in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 2024 Form 10-K 149

 The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

 Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment To Hedged Items

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 Investment securities (1)
 $
 16,390
 $
 18,241
 $
 ( 458)
 $
 ( 698)

 Long-term debt (2)
 11,589
 9,909
 ( 223)
 ( 115)

 (1)Amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship.
 (2)Excluded from the above table are the cumulative amount of fair value hedge adjustments remaining for long-term debt for which hedge accounting has been discontinued in the amounts of $( 56) million at December 31, 2024 and $( 69) million at December 31, 2023.
 Cash Flow Hedges
 At December 31, 2024, Huntington had $ 23.3 billion of interest rate swaps and floors. These are designated as cash flow hedges for variable rate commercial loans. The change in the fair value of a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is initially recognized in OCI and is reclassified into income when the hedged item impacts earnings. The initial premium paid for the interest rate floor contracts represents the time value of the contracts and is not included in the measurement of hedge effectiveness. The initial premium paid is amortized on a straight line basis as a reduction to interest income over the contractual life of these contracts.
 At December 31, 2024, the net losses recognized in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months were $ 43 million.
 Derivatives used in mortgage banking activities
 Mortgage loan origination hedging activity
 Huntington uses derivatives, principally loan sale commitments, in hedging its mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments and its mortgage loans held for sale. Mortgage loan sale commitments and the related interest rate lock commitments are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value reflected in mortgage banking income. Huntington's mortgage origination hedging activity is related to economically hedging Huntington's mortgage pricing commitments to customers and the secondary sale to third parties. The value of a newly originated mortgage is not firm until the interest rate is committed or locked. Forward commitments to sell economically hedge the possible loss on interest rate lock commitments due to interest rate change. The position of these derivatives was a net asset of $ 7 million and net liability of $ 4 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Huntington had commitments to sell residential real estate loans of $ 869 million and $ 674 million, respectively. These contracts mature in less than one year.
 MSR hedging activity
 Huntington also uses certain derivative financial instruments to offset changes in value of its MSRs. These derivatives consist primarily of forward interest rate agreements and forward mortgage contracts. The derivative instruments used are not designated as qualifying hedges. Accordingly, such derivatives are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in mortgage banking income. Huntington's MSR economic hedging activity uses securities and derivatives to manage the value of the MSR asset and to mitigate the various types of risk inherent in the MSR asset, including risks related to duration, basis, convexity, volatility, and yield curve. The hedging instruments include forward commitments, TBA securities, Treasury futures contracts, interest rate swaps, and options on interest rate swaps.
 150 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 MSR hedging trading assets and liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Trading gains (losses) are included in mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The notional value of the derivative financial instruments, the corresponding trading assets and liabilities positions, and net trading gains (losses) related to MSR hedging activity is summarized in the following tables.

 2024
 2023

 Notional value
 $
 1,780
 $
 1,668

 Trading liabilities

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Trading (losses) gains
 $
 ( 60)
 $
 ( 10)
 $
 ( 109)

 Derivatives used in customer related activities
 Various derivative financial instruments are offered to enable customers to meet their financing and investing objectives and for their risk management purposes. Derivative financial instruments used in trading activities consist of commodity, interest rate, and foreign exchange contracts. Huntington enters into offsetting third-party contracts with approved, reputable counterparties with substantially matching terms and currencies in order to economically hedge significant exposure related to derivatives used in trading activities.
 The interest rate or price risk of customer derivatives is mitigated by entering into similar derivatives having offsetting terms with other counterparties. The credit risk to these customers is evaluated and included in the calculation of fair value. Foreign currency derivatives help the customer hedge risk and reduce exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. Transactions are primarily in liquid currencies with Canadian dollars and Euros comprising a majority of all transactions. Commodity derivatives help the customer hedge risk and reduce exposure to fluctuations in the price of various commodities. Hedging of energy-related products and base metals comprise the majority of these transactions.
 The net fair values of these derivative financial instruments, for which the gross amounts are included in other assets or other liabilities at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were $ 72 million and $ 47 million, respectively. The total notional values of derivative financial instruments used by Huntington on behalf of customers, including offsetting derivatives, were $ 45.2 billion and $ 44.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Huntington's credit risk from customer derivatives was $ 76 million and $ 122 million at the same dates, respectively.
 Credit derivative instruments
 Huntington enters into credit default swaps to hedge credit risk associated with certain loans and leases. These contracts are accounted for as derivatives, and accordingly, these contracts are recorded at fair value. The total notional value of credit contracts was $ 247 million and $ 381 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The position of these derivatives was a net asset of $ 2 million and a net liability of $ 2 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 Financial assets and liabilities that are offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Huntington records derivatives at fair value as further described in Note 18 - " Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities."
 Derivative balances are presented on a net basis taking into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. Additionally, collateral exchanged with counterparties is also netted against the applicable derivative fair values. Huntington enters into derivative transactions with two primary groups: broker-dealers and banks, and Huntington's customers. Different methods are utilized for managing counterparty credit exposure and credit risk for each of these groups.
 2024 Form 10-K 151

 Huntington enters into transactions with broker-dealers and banks for various risk management purposes. These types of transactions generally are high dollar volume. Huntington enters into collateral and master netting agreements with these counterparties, and routinely exchanges cash and high quality securities collateral.
 Huntington also enters into transactions with customers to meet their financing, investing, payment and risk management needs. These types of transactions generally are low dollar volume. Huntington enters into master netting agreements with customer counterparties; however, collateral is generally not exchanged with customer counterparties.
 In addition, Huntington clears certain derivative transactions through a clearinghouse, rather than directly with counterparties. Transactions cleared through a clearinghouse require initial margin collateral and variation margin payments depending on the contracts being in a net asset or liability position.
 In addition to the customer derivative credit exposure, aggregate credit risk associated with broker-dealer and bank derivative transactions was net credit risk of $ 192 million and $ 238 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The net credit risk associated with derivatives is calculated after considering master netting agreements and is reduced by collateral that has been pledged by the counterparty.
 At December 31, 2024, Huntington pledged $ 381 million of investment securities and cash collateral to counterparties, while other counterparties pledged $ 304 million of investment securities and cash collateral to Huntington to satisfy collateral netting agreements. In the event of credit downgrades, Huntington would not be required to provide additional collateral.
 The following tables present the gross amounts of these assets and liabilities with any offsets to arrive at the net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets

 Gross amounts
 offset in the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Net amounts of
 assets
 presented in
 the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets

 Gross amounts
 of recognized
 assets

 Financial

 Cash collateral
 received

 Net amount

 $
 $
 ( 344)
 $
 $
 ( 5)
 $
 ( 35)
 $

 1,723
 ( 1,330)
 ( 45)
 ( 4)

 Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities

 Gross amounts
 offset in the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Net amounts of
 liabilities
 presented in
 the
 consolidated
 balance sheets

 Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets

 Gross amounts
 of recognized
 liabilities

 Financial

 Cash collateral
 delivered

 Net amount

 $
 $
 ( 90)
 $
 $
 ( 67)
 $
 ( 316)
 $

 1,421
 ( 751)
 —
 ( 93)

 152 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 20. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
 Consolidated VIEs
 Huntington engages in activities with VIEs in the normal course of business that result in Huntington being the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated in Huntington's financial statements. The following table provides a summary of the assets and liabilities of VIEs carried on Huntington's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 Net loans and leases
 $
 1,122
 $
 —

 Other assets

 $
 1,386
 $

 Long-term borrowings
 $
 1,023
 $
 —

 Other liabilities

 $
 1,132
 $

 As part of a securitization transaction completed in the first quarter of 2024, Huntington transferred $ 1.6 billion in aggregate automobile loans to a SPE which was deemed to be a VIE. This SPE then issued approximately $ 1.6 billion of asset-backed notes, of which approximately $ 128 million were retained by Huntington. The primary purpose of the VIE in the securitization transaction is to issue asset-backed securities with varying levels of credit subordination and payment priority. Huntington retained notes and residual interest in the VIE and, therefore, has an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In addition, Huntington retained servicing rights for the underlying loans and, therefore, holds the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE. The assets of the VIE are restricted to the settlement of the asset-backed securities and other obligations of the VIE. Third-party holders of the asset-backed notes do not have recourse to the general assets of Huntington.
 The economic performance of the VIE is most significantly impacted by the performance of the underlying loans. The VIE is exposed to credit and prepayment risk, which are managed through credit enhancements in the form of reserve accounts, over-collateralization, excess interest on the loans, and the subordination of certain classes of asset-backed securities.
 Consolidated VIEs at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 also included investments in LIHTC operating entities that were syndicated and where we serve as the general partner and manager. As manager of these entities, we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance, as well as an obligation to absorb significant expected losses, of the entities.
 Unconsolidated VIEs
 The following table provides a summary of the assets and liabilities included in Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the maximum exposure to losses, associated with its interests related to unconsolidated VIEs for which Huntington holds an interest in, but is not the primary beneficiary.

 Total Assets
 Total Liabilities
 Maximum Exposure to Loss

 Affordable housing tax credit partnerships

 $
 2,382
 $
 1,065
 $
 2,382

 Trust preferred securities

 —

 Other investments

 1,201
 1,201

 Total
 $
 3,597
 $
 1,481
 $
 3,583

 Affordable housing tax credit partnerships

 $
 2,297
 $
 1,279
 $
 2,297

 Trust preferred securities

 —

 Other investments

 Total
 $
 3,205
 $
 1,667
 $
 3,191

 2024 Form 10-K 153

 Affordable Housing and Other Tax Credit Investments
 Huntington makes certain equity investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the LIHTC pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, to facilitate the sale of additional affordable housing product offerings, and to assist in achieving goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act. The primary activities of the limited partnerships include the identification, development, and operation of multi-family housing that is leased to qualifying residential tenants. Generally, these types of investments are funded through a combination of debt and equity.
 Huntington uses the proportional amortization method to account for a majority of its investments in these entities. These investments are included in other assets. Investments that do not meet the requirements of the proportional amortization method are accounted for using the equity method. Investment losses are included in Other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 The following table presents the balances of Huntington's affordable housing tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments.

 2024
 2023

 Affordable housing tax credit investments
 $
 3,628
 $
 3,335

 Less: amortization
 ( 1,246)
 ( 1,038)

 Net affordable housing tax credit investments
 $
 2,382
 $
 2,297

 Unfunded commitments
 $
 1,065
 $
 1,279

 The following table presents other information relating to Huntington's affordable housing tax credit investments.

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized
 $
 $
 $

 Proportional amortization expense included in provision for income taxes

 Trust-Preferred Securities
 Huntington has certain wholly-owned trusts whose assets, liabilities, equity, income, and expenses are not included within Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements. These trusts have been formed for the sole purpose of issuing trust-preferred securities, from which the proceeds are then invested in Huntington junior subordinated debentures, which are reflected in Huntington's Consolidated Balance Sheet as long-term debt. The trust securities are the obligations of the trusts, and as such, are not consolidated within Huntington's Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Other Investments
 Other investments determined to be VIE's include investments in Small Business Investment Companies, Historic Tax Credit Investments, certain equity method investments, renewable energy financings, and other miscellaneous investments.
 154 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 21. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 Commitments to Extend Credit
 In the ordinary course of business, Huntington makes various commitments to extend credit that are not reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The contract amounts of these financial agreements were as follows.

 2024
 2023

 Contract amount representing credit risk

 Commitments to extend credit:

 $
 37,422
 $
 32,344

 Consumer loan portfolio
 19,993
 19,270

 2,089
 2,543

 Standby letters of credit and guarantees on industrial revenue bonds

 Commercial letters of credit

 Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates, are variable-rate, and contain clauses that permit Huntington to terminate or otherwise renegotiate the contracts in the event of a significant deterioration in the customer's credit quality. These arrangements normally require the payment of a fee by the customer, the pricing of which is based on prevailing market conditions, credit quality, probability of funding, and other relevant factors. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The interest rate risk arising from these financial instruments is insignificant as a result of their predominantly short-term, variable-rate nature. Certain commitments to extend credit are secured by collateral, including residential and commercial real estate, inventory, receivables, cash and securities, and other business assets.
 Standby letters of credit and guarantees on industrial revenue bonds are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Most of these arrangements mature within 2 years. Since the conditions under which Huntington is required to fund these commitments may not materialize, the cash requirements are expected to be less than the total outstanding commitments. The carrying amount of deferred revenue associated with these guarantees was $ 27 million and $ 9 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
 Other Guarantees
 Huntington provides guarantees to certain third-party investors in connection with the sale of syndicated affordable housing tax credits. These guarantees are generally in the form of make-whole provisions that are triggered if the underlying performance of LIHTC properties result in a shortfall to the third-party investors and remain in effect until the final associated tax credits are realized. The maximum amount guaranteed by the Company under these arrangements total approximately $ 201 million and $ 79 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and represents the guaranteed portion in these transactions where the make-whole provisions have not yet expired. As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not expect to be subject to any make-whole provisions under these guarantees.
 Litigation and Regulatory Matters
 In the ordinary course of business, Huntington is or may be a defendant in or party to pending and threatened legal and regulatory actions and proceedings.
 In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, Huntington generally cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines, or penalties related to each matter may be.
 2024 Form 10-K 155

 Huntington establishes an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Huntington thereafter continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established.
 For certain matters, Huntington is able to estimate a range of possible loss. In cases in which Huntington possesses information to estimate a range of possible loss, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed below. There may be other matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible but such an estimate of the range of possible loss may not be possible. For those matters where an estimate of the range of possible loss is possible, management currently estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible loss is $ 0 to $ 15 million at December 31, 2024 in excess of the accrued liability (if any) related to those matters. This estimated range of possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate. The estimated range of possible loss does not represent Huntington's maximum loss exposure.
 Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of Huntington. Further, management believes that amounts accrued are adequate to address Huntington's contingent liabilities. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in these matters, some of which are beyond Huntington's control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to Huntington's results of operations for any particular reporting period.

 22. OTHER REGULATORY MATTERS
 Huntington and the Bank are subject to certain risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules adopted by the Federal Reserve, for Huntington, and by the OCC, for the Bank. These rules implement the Basel III international regulatory capital standards in the U.S., as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. These quantitative calculations are minimums, and the Federal Reserve and OCC may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity, or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. Under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington's and the Bank's assets, exposures and certain off-balance sheet items are subject to risk weights used to determine the institutions' risk-weighted assets.
 Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our operations or financial condition. Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could also result in restrictions on Huntington's or the Bank's ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital or to receive regulatory approval of applications.
 In addition to meeting the minimum capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital rules, Huntington and the Bank must also maintain the applicable capital buffer requirements, SCB or CCB, to avoid becoming subject to restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management.
 156 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 As of December 31, 2024, Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios were above the well-capitalized standards and met the applicable capital buffer requirements. Please refer to the table below for a summary of Huntington's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios.

 Minimum
 Minimum Ratio+

 Regulatory
 Capital Buffer (1)
 Well-

 Capital
 Capitalized
 2024
 2023

 Ratios
 2024
 2023
 Minimums
 Ratio
 Ratio

 CET1 risk-based capital
 4.5
 %
 7.0
 %
 7.7
 %
 N/A
 10.5
 %
 $
 15,127
 10.2
 %
 $
 14,212

 Bank
 4.5
 7.0
 7.0
 6.5
 %
 11.6
 16,540
 10.6
 14,671

 Tier 1 risk-based capital
 6.0
 8.5
 9.2
 6.0
 11.9
 17,126
 12.0
 16,616

 Bank
 6.0
 8.5
 8.5
 8.0
 12.4
 17,746
 11.5
 15,879

 Total risk-based capital
 8.0
 10.5
 11.2
 10.0
 14.3
 20,565
 14.2
 19,657

 Bank
 8.0
 10.5
 10.5
 10.0
 14.1
 20,240
 13.1
 18,126

 Tier 1 leverage
 4.0
 N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 8.6
 17,126
 9.3
 16,616

 Bank
 4.0
 N/A
 N/A
 5.0
 8.9
 17,746
 8.5
 15,879

 (1) The SCB, applicable to Huntington, was 2.5 % and 3.2 % at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The CCB, applicable to the Bank, was 2.5 % at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 Under current Federal Reserve regulations, the Bank is limited as to the amount and type of loans it may make to the parent company and nonbank subsidiaries. At December 31, 2024, the Bank could lend $ 2.0 billion to a single affiliate, subject to the qualifying collateral requirements defined in the regulations.
 Dividends from the Bank are one of the major sources of funds for the Company. These funds aid the Company in the payment of dividends to shareholders, expenses, and other obligations. Payment of dividends and/or return of capital to the parent company is subject to various legal and regulatory limitations. Also, there are statutory and regulatory limitations on the ability of national banks to pay dividends or make other capital distributions.

 23. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 The parent-only financial statements, which include transactions with subsidiaries, are as follows.

 Balance Sheets

 2024
 2023

 Cash and due from banks
 $
 4,103
 $
 4,001

 Due from The Huntington National Bank
 2,817
 2,163

 Due from non-bank subsidiaries

 Investment in The Huntington National Bank
 20,127
 18,388

 Investment in non-bank subsidiaries

 Accrued interest receivable and other assets

 $
 28,207
 $
 25,558

 Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 Long-term borrowings
 $
 7,177
 $
 4,993

 Dividends payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities
 1,290
 1,212

 8,467
 6,205

 Shareholders' equity (1)

 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 $
 28,207
 $
 25,558

 (1)See Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity.
 2024 Form 10-K 157

 Statements of Income

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Income

 Dividends from:

 The Huntington National Bank
 $
 2,041
 $
 1,706
 $
 1,566

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 Interest from:

 The Huntington National Bank

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 Other
 ( 1)
 ( 1)

 Total income
 2,265
 1,811
 1,601

 Expense

 Personnel costs

 Interest on borrowings

 Other

 Total expense

 Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 1,717
 1,363
 1,317

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 73)
 ( 75)
 ( 44)

 Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 1,790
 1,438
 1,361

 Increase in undistributed net income of:

 The Huntington National Bank

 Non-bank subsidiaries

 $
 1,940
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238

 Other comprehensive (loss) income (1)

 Comprehensive income (loss)
 $
 1,750
 $
 2,373
 $
 ( 631)

 (1)See Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for other comprehensive (loss) income detail.
 158 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Statements of Cash Flows

 2024
 2023
 2022

 Operating activities

 $
 1,940
 $
 1,951
 $
 2,238

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
 ( 150)
 ( 513)
 ( 877)

 Depreciation and amortization
 —
 ( 22)

 ( 121)
 ( 55)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 1,676
 1,630
 1,284

 Investing activities

 Investment in subsidiaries

 ( 1,750)
 —
 —

 Repayments from subsidiaries
 1,107

 Advances to subsidiaries
 ( 1,700)
 ( 1,753)
 ( 503)

 Net purchases of securities
 —
 —
 ( 20)

 Net cash paid in business combination

 —
 —
 ( 194)

 ( 21)
 ( 10)
 ( 1)

 Net cash used for investing activities

 ( 2,364)
 ( 1,260)
 ( 704)

 Financing activities

 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 2,995
 1,250
 1,144

 Payment of long-term debt
 ( 734)
 ( 323)
 —

 Dividends paid on common and preferred stock
 ( 1,047)
 ( 1,034)
 ( 1,010)

 Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
 —
 —

 Redemption/repurchase of preferred stock
 ( 410)
 ( 82)
 —

 ( 14)
 ( 22)
 ( 21)

 Net cash provided by financing activities

 Increase in cash and cash equivalents

 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 4,001
 3,525
 2,832

 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 $
 4,103
 $
 4,001
 $
 3,525

 Supplemental disclosure: Interest paid

 $
 $
 $

 24. SEGMENT REPORTING
 Huntington's business segments are based on our internally-aligned segment leadership structure, which is how management monitors results and assesses performance. Huntington reports on two business segments: Consumer & Regional Banking and Commercial Banking.
 Huntington's CEO is the CODM for each of our business segments. The CODM primarily utilizes net interest income and net income attributable to Huntington to assess segment performance and to allocate resources to meet our business objectives. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances for these profit measures when making decisions about allocating resources, comparing performance among the segments, and determining compensation of certain colleagues.
 The following is a description of our business segments:
 Consumer & Regional Banking - Consumer & Regional Banking offers a comprehensive set of digitally powered consumer and business financial solutions to Consumer Lending, Regional Banking, Branch Banking, and Wealth Management customers. The Consumer & Regional Banking segment provides a wide array of financial products and services to consumer and business customers including, but not limited to, deposits, lending, payments, mortgage banking, dealer financing, investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance, and other financial products and services. We serve our customers through our network of regional banking and national specialty finance channels, including branches and ATMs, online and mobile banking, our customer call centers, and strategic national partnerships.
 2024 Form 10-K 159

 Commercial Banking - The Commercial Banking segment provides expertise through bankers, capabilities, and digital channels, which include a comprehensive set of product offerings. Our target clients span from mid-market to large corporates across a national footprint. The Commercial Banking segment leverages internal partnerships for wealth management, trust, insurance, payments, and treasury management capabilities. In particular, our payment capabilities continue to expand as we develop unique solutions for our diverse client segments, including Huntington ChoicePay. This segment includes customers in Middle Market Banking, Corporate, Specialty, and Government Banking, Asset Finance, Commercial Real Estate Banking, and Capital Markets.
 All other items not included within our two business segments are reported within the Treasury / Other function, which primarily includes technology and operations, other unallocated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense.
 Business segment results are determined based upon Huntington's management practices, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around the organizational and management structure and, accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.
 Revenue is recorded in the business segment responsible for the related product or service. Fee sharing is recorded to allocate portions of such revenue to other business segments involved in selling to, or providing service to, customers. Results of operations for the business segments reflect these fee sharing allocations.
 The management process that develops the business segment reporting utilizes various estimates and allocation methodologies to measure the performance of the business segments. Expenses are allocated to business segments using a two-phase approach. The first phase consists of measuring and assigning unit costs (activity-based costs) to activities related to product origination and servicing. These activity-based costs are then extended, based on volumes, with the resulting amount allocated to business segments that own the related products. The second phase consists of the allocation of overhead costs to the business segments from Treasury / Other. Huntington utilizes a full-allocation methodology, where all Treasury / Other expenses, except reported acquisition-related net expenses, if any, and a small amount of other residual unallocated expenses, are allocated to the business segments.
 The management policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to GAAP. As a result, reported segment results are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures result in changes in reported segment financial data.
 Huntington uses an active and centralized FTP methodology to attribute appropriate net interest income to the business segments. The intent of the FTP methodology is to transfer interest rate risk from the business segments by providing modeled duration funding of assets and liabilities. The result is to centralize the financial impact, management, and reporting of interest rate risk in the Treasury / Other function where it can be centrally monitored and managed. The Treasury / Other function charges (credits) an internal cost of funds for assets held in (or pays for funding provided by) each business segment. The FTP rate is based on prevailing market interest rates for comparable duration assets (or liabilities). The primary components of the FTP rate include a base (market) rate, a liquidity premium, contingent liquidity and collateral charges, and option cost.
 160 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 The following tables present certain operating basis financial information for each reportable business segment reconciled to Huntington's consolidated financial results.

 Income Statements

 Huntington

 Net interest income (loss)
 $
 4,070
 $
 2,123
 $
 ( 848)
 $
 5,345

 —

 Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses

 3,786
 1,987
 ( 848)
 4,925

 1,301
 2,040

 1,135
 2,701

 2,038
 ( 788)
 1,861

 3,173
 1,218
 4,562

 Income (loss) before income taxes

 1,914
 1,485
 ( 996)
 2,403

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 —
 —

 Net income (loss) attributable to Huntington

 $
 1,512
 $
 1,153
 $
 ( 725)
 $
 1,940

 Net interest income (loss)

 $
 3,717
 $
 2,162
 $
 ( 440)
 $
 5,439

 —

 Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses

 3,471
 2,006
 ( 440)
 5,037

 1,257
 1,921

 1,138
 2,529

 1,926
 ( 513)
 2,045

 3,064
 1,134
 4,574

 Income (loss) before income taxes

 1,664
 1,518
 ( 798)
 2,384

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 255)

 —
 —

 $
 1,315
 $
 1,179
 $
 ( 543)
 $
 1,951

 Net interest income (loss)
 $
 3,213
 $
 1,807
 $
 $
 5,273

 —

 Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses

 2,953
 1,778
 4,984

 1,272
 1,981

 1,124
 2,401

 1,800
 ( 612)
 1,800

 2,924
 1,056
 4,201

 Income (loss) before income taxes

 1,301
 1,389
 2,764

 Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 ( 51)

 —

 Net income (loss) attributable to Huntington

 $
 1,027
 $
 1,087
 $
 $
 2,238

 Assets at
 December 31,

 Deposits at
 December 31,

 2024
 2023
 2024
 2023

 $
 78,841
 $
 73,082
 $
 111,390
 $
 110,157

 66,919
 63,377
 43,366
 35,466

 58,470
 52,909
 7,692
 5,607

 Total
 $
 204,230
 $
 189,368
 $
 $

 2024 Form 10-K 161

 Item 9: Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 None.

 Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
 Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 Huntington maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Huntington's management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of Huntington's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2024. Based upon such evaluation, Huntington's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, Huntington's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 Information required by this item is set forth in the Report of Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

 Item 9B: Other Information
 Trading Plans
 On November 19, 2024, Scott D. Kleinman, our Senior Executive Vice President and President of Commercial Banking, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 1-b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Kleinman's plan covers the following:
 • the exercise of up to 8,054 shares of common stock underlying stock options; and
 • the vesting and sale of up to 69,570.125 shares of common stock underlying performance share units; in amounts and prices determined in accordance with formulae set forth in the plan. The plan terminates on the earlier of the date all the shares under the plan are sold and May 1, 2025.
 On December 13, 2024, Amit Dhingra, our Executive Vice President and Chief Enterprise Payments Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Dhingra's plan is for the sale of up to 15,000 shares of common stock in amounts and prices determined in accordance with formulae set forth in the plan. The plan terminates on the earlier of the date all the shares under the plan are sold and January 16, 2026.

 Item 9C: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
 Not applicable.
 162 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 We refer in Part III of this report to relevant sections of our 2025 Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the close of our 2024 fiscal year. Portions of our 2025 Proxy Statement, including the sections we refer to in this report, are incorporated by reference into this report.

 Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Election of Directors, Our Executive Officers, Family Relationships, Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports, Codes of Ethics, Proposals by Shareholders for the 2026 Annual Meeting, Recommendations for Directorship, and Board Committee Information of our 2025 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 11: Executive Compensation
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Compensation of Executive Officers and Compensation of Directors of our 2025 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 The following table sets forth information about Huntington common stock authorized for issuance under Huntington's existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2024.

 Plan Category (1)
 Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (2)(3)
 (a)

 Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights (4)
(b)
 Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (5)
(c)

 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 35,649,066
 $
 12.77
 37,914,765

 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 —
 —
 —

 Total
 35,649,066
 $
 12.77
 37,914,765

 (1)All equity compensation plan authorizations for shares of common stock provide for the number of shares to be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, and other changes in capitalization. The Huntington 401(k) Plan, a broad-based plan qualified under Internal Revenue Code Section 401(a) which includes Huntington common stock as one of a number of investment options available to participants, is excluded from the table.
 (2)The numbers in this column (a) reflect shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and the vesting of outstanding awards of restricted stock awards, restricted share units, and performance share units, and the release of deferred share units.
 (3)As of December 31, 2024, an additional 438,574 common shares, at a weighted-average exercise price of $11.46, are to be issued upon exercise or vesting under the TCF Incentive Plan, which was assumed in the acquisition of TCF, is no longer active, and for which Huntington has not reserved the right to make subsequent grants or awards.
 (4)The weighted-average exercise prices in this column are based on outstanding options and do not take into account unvested awards of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance share units and unreleased deferred share units as these awards do not have an exercise price.
 (5)The number of shares in this column (c) reflects the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under Huntington's 2024 Plan, excluding shares reflected in column (a). The number of shares in this column (c) does not include shares of common stock to be issued under the following compensation plans: the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, which provides senior officers designated by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee the opportunity to defer up to 90% of base salary, annual bonus compensation and certain equity awards, and up to 90% of long-term incentive awards; the Supplemental Plan under which voluntary participant contributions made by payroll deduction are used to purchase shares; the Deferred Compensation for Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Directors under which directors may defer their director compensation and such amounts may be invested in shares of common stock; and the Deferred Compensation Plan for directors (now inactive) under which directors of selected subsidiaries may defer their director compensation and such amounts may be invested in shares of Huntington common stock. These plans do not contain a limit on the number of shares that may be issued under them.
 The information related to Item 403 of Regulation S-K is set forth under the caption Ownership of Voting Stock of our 2025 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 Information required by this item is set forth under the captions Review, Approval, or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons and Independence of Directors of our 2025 Proxy Statement, which are incorporated by reference into this item.
 2024 Form 10-K 163

 Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 Information required by this item is set forth under the caption Audit Matters of our 2025 Proxy Statement which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 Item 15: Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
 Our consolidated financial statements required in response to this Item are incorporated by reference from Item 8 of this Report.
 Exhibits
 Our exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-K are filed with this Report or are incorporated herein by reference.

 Item 16: 10-K Summary
 Not applicable.
 164 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Exhibit Index
 This report incorporates by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC. The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference information in this document. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this document, except for any information that is superseded by information that is included directly in this document.
 The SEC maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about issuers, like us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of the site is  The reports and other information filed by us with the SEC are also available free of charge at our Internet web site. The address of the site is  Except as specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information on those web sites is not part of this report. You also should be able to inspect reports, proxy statements, and other information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq National Market at 33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004.

 Exhibit
 Number

 Document Description
 Report or Registration Statement
 SEC File or
 Registration
 Number

 Exhibit
 Reference

 2.1
 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 13, 2020, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and TCF Financial Corporation

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 17, 2020.

 2.1

 3.1
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of January 18, 2019.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 16, 2019.

 3.1

 3.2
 Articles of Restatement of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of January 18, 2019.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 16, 2019.

 3.2

 3.3
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of February 5, 2021.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 5, 2021

 3.1

 3.4
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of August 5, 2020.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 5, 2020.

 3.1

 3.5
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of May 28, 2020.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 28, 2020.

 3.1

 3.6
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of June 8, 2021

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 2021

 3.1

 3.7
 Articles of Amendment of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated to Articles of Restatement of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of June 8, 2021

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 8, 2021

 3.2

 3.8
 Articles Supplementary of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as of March 3, 2023

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2023

 3.1

 3.9
 Bylaws of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as amended and restated on July 19, 2023

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 19, 2023

 3.2

 3.10
 Bylaws of Huntington Bancshares Incorporated, as amended and restated on July 17, 2024

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 19, 2024

 3.1

 4.1
 Instruments defining the Rights of Security Holders — reference is made to Articles Fifth, Eighth, and Tenth of Articles of Restatement of Charter, as amended and supplemented. Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

 4.2

 Description of Securities

 10.1
 * Form of Executive Agreement for certain executive officers.

 Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 28, 2012.

 10.3

 10.2(P)
 * Deferred Compensation Plan and Trust for Directors
 Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on January 28, 1991.
 33-10546
 4(a)

 10.3
 * The Huntington Supplemental Stock Purchase and Tax Savings Plan and Trust, amended and restated, effective January 1, 2014.

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 10.8

 10.4
 * Form of Employment Agreement between Stephen D. Steinour and Huntington Bancshares Incorporated effective December 1, 2012.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 28, 2012.

 10.1

 10.5
 * Form of Executive Agreement between Stephen D. Steinour and Huntington Bancshares Incorporated effective December 1, 2012.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 28, 2012.

 10.2

 10.6
 * Restricted Stock Unit Deferral Agreement.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 24, 2006.

 000-02525

 99.3

 10.7
 * Director Deferred Stock Award Notice.

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 24, 2006.

 000-02525

 99.4

 10.8
 * Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2007 Stock and Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 000-02525

 G

 2024 Form 10-K 165

 10.9
 * Second Amendment to the 2007 Stock and Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.10
 * Form of Consolidated 2012 Stock Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Pursuant to Huntington's 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012.

 10.2

 10.11
 * Form of 2014 Stock Option Grant Agreement for Executive Officers.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.2

 10.12
 * Form of 2014 Performance Stock Unit Grant Agreement for Executive Officers.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.3

 10.13
 * Form of 2014 Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Version II.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.4

 10.14
 * Form of 2014 Stock Option Grant Agreement for Executive Officers Version II.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.

 10.5

 10.15
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.16
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 10.17
 *Form of 2015 Stock Option Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

 10.2

 10.18
 *Form of 2015 Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

 10.3

 10.19
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.

 10.1

 10.20
 * Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan and Trust for Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Directors

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 10.33

 10.21
 * First Amendment to the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

 10.1

 10.22
 *Huntington Bancshares Incorporated Amended and Restated 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

 10.22

 10.23
 *Form of 2018 Stock Option Grant Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

 10.2

 10.24
 *Form of 2018 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

 10.3

 10.25
 *Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, amended as of January 18, 2022.

 10.25

 10.26
 *Huntington Supplemental 401(k) Plan (f/k/a Huntington Supplemental Stock Purchase and Savings Plan and Trust), as amended and restated effective January 1, 2019.

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 10.40

 10.27
 Transition Agreement dated May 13, 2019, by and between The Huntington National Bank and Howell D. McCullough

 Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 13, 2019.

 10.1

 10.28
 *Second Amendment to Huntington Supplemental 401(k) Plan dated October 22, 2019.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

 10.1

 10.29
 *First Amendment to The Huntington National Bank Supplemental Retirement Income Plan dated October 23, 2019.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

 10.2

 10.30
 *Management Incentive Plan effective for Plan Years Beginning On or After January 1, 2020.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10.1

 10.31
 *Letter Agreement dated December 13, 2020, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Gary Torgow.

 10.31

 10.32
 *Letter Agreement dated February 2, 2021, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Michael Jones.

 10.32

 10.33
 *Letter Agreement dated February 4, 2021, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Thomas C. Shafer.

 10.33

 10.34
 * Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan of 2019 for Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(d)

 10.35
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan of 2019 for Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(e)

 10.36
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan for Time-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(i)

 10.37
 *Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan for Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units.

 TCF Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

 10(j)

 10.38
 *Amended and Restated TCF Financial 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 001-10253

 10.1

 10.39
 *Stock Incentive Plan of 2019.

 TCF Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

 A

 166 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 10.40
 *TCF 401K Supplemental Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2020.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(qq)

 10.41
 *TCF Employees Omnibus Deferred Compensation Plan, as restated effective April 15, 2019.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(rr)

 10.42
 *Rabbi Trust Agreement for TCF Employees Omnibus Deferred Compensation Plan.

 TCF Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 000-08185

 10(ss)

 10.43
 *Form of 2022 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2022.

 10.43

 10.44
 *Separation Agreement dated August 7, 2023 by and between The Huntington National Bank and Sandra E. Pierce.

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

 10.1

 10.45
 *Amendment to Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, dated April 28, 2023

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023

 10.45

 10.46
 Separation Agreement dated January 19,2024 by and between The Huntington National Bank and Julie Tutkovics

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024

 10.1

 10.47
 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan

 Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 17, 2024

 10.1

 10.48
 Letter Agreement dated May 31, 2024, by and between Huntington Bancshares Incorporated and Gary Torgow

 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024

 10.2

 14.1(P)
 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics dated January 14, 2003 and revised on January 31, 2023 and Financial Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, adopted January 18, 2003, and revised on October 17, 2023, are available on our website at

 Insider Trading Policy

 21.1

 Subsidiaries of the Registrant

 Subsidiary Issuers of Guaranteed Securities

 23.1

 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

 24.1

 Power of Attorney

 31.1

 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification – Chief Executive Officer.

 31.2

 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification – Chief Financial Officer.

 32.1

 Section 1350 Certification – Chief Executive Officer.

 32.2

 Section 1350 Certification – Chief Financial Officer.

 Financial Restatement Recoupment Policy

 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023

 * Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 2024 Form 10-K 167

 Signatures
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 14th Day of February, 2025.
 HUNTINGTON BANCSHARES INCORPORATED
 (Registrant)

 By:
 /s/ Stephen D. Steinour
 By:
 /s/ Zachary Wasserman

 Stephen D. Steinour
 Zachary Wasserman

 Chairman, President, Chief Executive
 Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial

 Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
 Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

 By:
 /s/ Nancy E. Maloney

 Nancy E. Maloney

 Executive Vice President, Controller

 (Principal Accounting Officer)

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 14th Day of February, 2025.

 Alanna Y. Cotton *

 Alanna Y. Cotton

 Ann B. Crane *

 Ann B. Crane

 Rafael Andres Diaz-Granados *

 Rafael Andres Diaz-Granados

 Gina D. France *

 Gina D. France

 J. Michael Hochschwender *

 J. Michael Hochschwender

 John C. Inglis *

 John C. Inglis

 168 Huntington Bancshares Incorporated

 Richard H. King *

 Richard H. King

 Katherine M.A. Kline *

 Katherine M.A. Kline

 Richard W. Neu *

 Richard W. Neu

 Kenneth J. Phelan *

 Kenneth J. Phelan

 David L. Porteous *

 David L. Porteous

 Teresa H. Shea *

 Teresa H. Shea

 Roger J. Sit *

 Roger J. Sit

 Jeffrey L. Tate *

 Jeffrey L. Tate

 Gary Torgow *

 Gary Torgow

 */s/ Marcy C. Hingst

 Marcy C. Hingst

 Attorney-in-fact for each of the persons indicated

 2024 Form 10-K 169