UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K
 Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
 Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 For the transition period from ___ to ___
 Commission file number 1-5837
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 New York
 13-1102020

 (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 620 Eighth Avenue,
 New York,
 New York
 10018

 (Address and zip code of principal executive offices)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( 212) 556-1234
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class
 Trading Symbol(s)
 Name of each exchange on which registered

 Class A Common Stock of $.10 par value
 NYT
 New York Stock Exchange

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Not Applicable
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 Large Accelerated Filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by the check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
 The aggregate worldwide market value of Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates, based on the closing price on June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $ 6.3 billion. As of such date, non-affiliates held 36,758 shares of Class B Common Stock. There is no active market for such stock.
 The number of outstanding shares of each class of the registrant's common stock as of February 14, 2024 (exclusive of treasury shares) was as follows: 163,318,468 shares of Class A Common Stock and 780,724 shares of Class B Common Stock.
 Documents incorporated by reference
 Portions of the Proxy Statement relating to the registrant's 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held on April 24, 2024, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 INDEX TO THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 2023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

 ITEM NO.

 Forward-Looking Statements

 Business

 Overview

 Our Strategy

 Products

 Subscribers and Audience

 Other Businesses

 Competition

 Print Production and Distribution

 Human Capital

 Available Information

 1A

 Risk Factors

 1B

 Unresolved Staff Comments

 1C

 Cybersecurity

 Properties

 Legal Proceedings

 Mine Safety Disclosures

 Executive Officers of the Registrant

 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder
Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 [Reserved]

 Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 7A

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 9A

 Controls and Procedures

 9B

 Other Information

 9C

 Disclosures Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Executive Compensation

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 Form 10-K Summary

 Signatures

 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sections titled "Item 1 — Business," "Item 1A — Risk Factors" and "Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Terms such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "confidence," "contemplate," "continue," "conviction," "could," "drive," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "future," "goal," "guidance," "intend," "likely," "may," "might," "objective," "opportunity," "optimistic," "outlook," "plan," "position," "potential," "predict," "project," "seek," "should," "strategy," "target," "will," "would" or similar statements or variations of such words and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms. Forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations, estimates and assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties that change over time; actual results could differ materially from those predicted by such forward-looking statements. Factors that we think could, individually or in the aggregate, cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results include those described in "Item 1A — Risk Factors" below, as well as other risks and factors identified from time to time in our Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 OVERVIEW
 The New York Times Company and, unless the context otherwise requires, its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to collectively in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as the "Company," "we," "our" and "us."
 We are a global media organization focused on creating and distributing high-quality news and information that helps our audience understand and engage with the world, and this mission has contributed to our success. We believe that The Times's original, independent and high-quality reporting, storytelling, expertise and journalistic excellence set us apart from other news organizations and are at the heart of what makes our journalism worth paying for. The quality of our coverage has been widely recognized with many industry and peer accolades, including more Pulitzer Prizes and citations than any other news organization.
 The Company includes our digital and print products and related businesses, including:
 • our core news product, The New York Times ("The Times"), which is available on our mobile applications, on our website (NYTimes.com) and as a printed newspaper, and associated content such as our podcasts;
 • our other interest-specific products, including The Athletic (our sports media product acquired on February 1, 2022), Cooking (our recipes product), Games (our puzzle games product) and Audio (our new audio product, launched in the second quarter of 2023), which are available on mobile applications and websites, and Wirecutter (our product review and recommendation offering); and
 • our related businesses, such as our licensing operations; our commercial printing operations; and other products and services under The Times brand.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 10.36 million subscribers, more than at any point in our history.
 We generate revenues principally from the sale of subscriptions and advertising. Subscription revenues consist of revenues from standalone and multi-product bundle subscriptions to our digital products and subscriptions to and single-copy and bulk sales of our print products. Advertising revenue is derived from the sale of our advertising products and services. Revenue information for the Company appears under "Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
 The Company was incorporated on August 26, 1896, under the laws of the State of New York.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 1

 OUR STRATEGY
 Our strategy is to be the essential digital subscription for every curious, English-speaking person seeking to understand and engage with the world, which includes:
 • being the world's best general-interest news destination;
 • becoming more valuable to more people by helping them make the most of their lives and engage with their passions; and
 • creating a more expansive and connected product experience that makes our products indispensable.
 Our latest audience research suggests that there are at least 135 million adults worldwide who are willing to pay for one or more subscriptions to English-language news, sports coverage, puzzles, recipes, expert shopping advice or audio journalism. Our current aim is to reach 15 million total subscribers by year-end 2027, up from approximately 10.36 million at the end of 2023. We believe that focusing on the following priorities will enable us to become an essential subscription for our addressable market and drive long-term, profitable growth for the Company and our stockholders.
 Producing the best journalism
 We believe that our original, independent and high-quality reporting, storytelling and journalistic excellence across topics and formats set us apart from others and are at the heart of what makes our journalism worth paying for. The impact of our journalism and its breadth is evident as we continue to break stories, produce investigative reports and help our audience understand a wide range of topics. Producing the best journalism also makes us a more attractive destination for the talented individuals who are vital to the continued success of our business.
 We seek to extend our leadership in news by continuing to focus on four major areas — providing expert beat reporting on a broad array of important subjects, offering leading coverage of breaking news, producing signature journalism projects and excelling at ideas-based commentary and criticism.
 While general-interest news is and will remain our primary value proposition, we are working to build leadership positions in a handful of areas that occupy a prominent place in global culture alongside general-interest news — including sports, cooking guidance, puzzle gaming and expert shopping recommendations. Our 2022 acquisitions of The Athletic and Wordle (a daily digital word game) were two investments toward expanding our offerings to build that leadership.
 In 2024, we plan to continue investing in our journalism and remain committed to providing a multimedia report of depth, breadth, authority, creativity and excellence, produced with a focus on independence and integrity.
 Growing audience and engagement with our products
 Our ability to attract, retain and grow our digital subscriber base depends on the size of our audience and its sustained engagement directly with our products. We will continue to focus on reaching a large non-paying audience while also creating a subscription experience aimed at building valuable daily habits that draw people into lifelong relationships worth paying for. Central to our strategy is our offering of a high-value subscription package — or "bundle" — of interconnected digital products that helps subscribers engage with everything we offer and provides multiple reasons to engage with our products each day.
 Across all of our products, we have invested in bringing readers back to our content, exposing them to more of our offerings and providing an integrated product experience. Within news, for example, our live briefings keep users up to date on the latest developments across important storylines. Our suite of email newsletters reaches the inboxes of millions globally and plays a central role in engaging potential subscribers. Our news mobile applications provide users with a seamless way to experience the breadth of the products we offer.
 We plan to continue to invest in engaging content and product features across our news, Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products; to help The Athletic reach more sports fans; and to develop new audio programming and features for the audio product we launched in 2023. We see all of these products and investments as increasing the value of our bundle and contributing to our essential subscription strategy.
 P. 2 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Growing subscribers, revenue and profit
 We believe we are still in the early days of penetrating the global subscription journalism market and we aspire to be the leader in that market. In this context, we view a large and growing subscriber base as our best lever for long-term value creation because it generates recurring consumer revenue; has the potential to generate more advertising, affiliate and other future revenue opportunities; and contributes to higher marketing efficiency.
 We plan to continue our emphasis on growing subscribers through our focus on promoting our bundle of interconnected products, which we believe provides the most value to our users and represents the best opportunity to monetize our digital products. While we aim to expose more of our subscribers to everything that we offer through the bundle, we continue to offer subscriptions to standalone products as well to attract the widest number of subscribers.
 Revenue from premium digital advertising remains an important part of our business. We believe our journalism and other products attract valuable audiences and that we provide a trusted platform for advertisers' brands. We continue to innovate advertising offerings that integrate well with the user experience, including solutions that use proprietary first-party data to help inform our clients' advertising strategies.
 We believe we can apply disciplined cost-management while continuing to invest in journalism and product development in support of long-term profitable growth. Given that our investments in our journalism and digital product experience have yielded strong organic subscriber growth, we expect that we'll be able to maintain the improved efficiency of our marketing spend for our core products that we demonstrated in 2023. We also aim to continue to maximize the efficiency and profitability of our print products and services, which remain a significant part of our business.
 Using technology and data to propel our growth
 Achieving our ambition will require products and technology that match the quality of our journalism. Over the past several years, we have invested substantially in the back-end technology and underlying capabilities that enrich the digital experience for users and empower our journalists and business operators. In 2024, we plan to continue prioritizing these areas, with a focus on strengthening our data management infrastructure, enhancing the platforms that power our multi-product digital bundle, and advancing machine-learning applications across our business. We have already seen and expect to see further benefits from these investments as they help us better engage, habituate, convert and retain more subscribers.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 3

 PRODUCTS
 The Company's principal business consists of distributing content through our digital and print platforms. In addition, we distribute selected content on third-party platforms.
 We offer a bundle that includes access to our digital news product (which includes our news website, NYTimes.com, and mobile and Audio applications), The Athletic, and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products. Our subscriptions also include standalone digital subscriptions to our digital news product, as well as to The Athletic, and to our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products. Digital subscriptions can be purchased by individual consumers or as part of group education or group corporate subscriptions.
 Our access model for our news, Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products and The Athletic generally offers users who have registered free access to a limited number of articles or pieces of content before requiring users to subscribe for access to additional content. We make the choice at times to suspend limits on registered users' free access to particularly important news coverage. We also make some of our content free as a way to generate large audiences that we monetize through advertising or by eventually converting them into subscribers; this includes Wordle and Connections (daily digital word games) and a portion of our audio journalism (which is distributed both on our digital platforms and on third-party platforms).
 The Times's print newspaper, which commenced publication in 1851, is published seven days a week in the United States. The Times also has an international edition of our print newspaper that is tailored for global audiences and is the successor to the International Herald Tribune, which commenced publication in Paris in 1887. Our print newspapers are sold in the United States and around the world through individual home-delivery subscriptions, bulk subscriptions (primarily by schools and hotels) and single-copy sales. Print home-delivery subscribers are entitled to receive free access to our digital news product, The Athletic, and our Cooking, Games, Wirecutter and Audio products.

 SUBSCRIBERS AND AUDIENCE
 Our content reaches a broad audience through both digital and print platforms. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 10.36 million subscribers across 233 countries and territories.
 Paid digital-only subscribers totaled approximately 9.70 million as of December 31, 2023. This includes subscribers with paid digital-only subscriptions to one or more of our news product, The Athletic, or our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products. The international portion of subscribers with a paid digital-only subscription represented approximately 21% as of December 31, 2023.
 The number of paid digital-only subscribers also includes estimated group corporate and group education subscriptions (which collectively represented approximately 6% of total paid digital subscribers as of December 31, 2023). The number of paid group subscribers is derived using the value of the relevant contract and a discounted subscription rate. The actual number of users who have access to our products through group sales is substantially higher.
 According to comScore Media Metrix, an online audience-measurement service, in 2023, our websites and mobile applications had a monthly average of approximately 90 million unique visitors in the United States on either desktop/laptop computers or mobile devices. Globally, including the United States, our websites and mobile applications had a monthly average of approximately 131 million unique visitors on either desktop/laptop computers or mobile devices, according to internal data estimates.
 In the United States, The Times had the largest daily and Sunday print circulation of all seven-day newspapers for the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, according to data collected by the Alliance for Audited Media ("AAM"), an independent agency that audits circulation of most U.S. newspapers and magazines.
 For the year ended December 31, 2023, The Times's average circulation (which includes paid and qualified circulation of the newspaper in print) was approximately 279,000 for weekday (Monday to Friday) and 677,000 for Sunday. (Under AAM's reporting guidance, qualified circulation represents copies available for individual consumers that are either non-paid or paid by someone other than the individual, such as copies delivered to schools and colleges and copies purchased by businesses for free distribution.)
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 4

 ADVERTISING
 We offer a comprehensive portfolio of advertising products and services principally to advertisers (such as luxury goods, technology and financial companies) promoting products, services or brands on digital platforms in the form of display ads, audio and video, in print in the form of column-inch ads and at live events.
 The majority of our advertising revenue is derived from offerings sold directly to marketers by our advertising sales teams. A smaller proportion of our total advertising revenues is generated through programmatic auctions run by third-party advertising exchanges.
 Digital advertising includes our core digital advertising business and other digital advertising. Our core digital advertising includes direct-sold website, mobile application, podcast, email and video advertisements (including direct-sold programmatic advertising). Our digital advertising offerings include solutions that use proprietary first-party data to generate predictive insights and help inform our clients' advertising strategies. Other digital advertising includes advertising revenues generated by open-market programmatic advertising, creative services associated with branded content, advertisements appearing on our Wirecutter product and classified advertising. In 2023, digital advertising represented approximately 63% of our advertising revenues.
 The Athletic has revenue from direct-sold display advertising (including direct-sold programmatic advertising), podcast, email and video advertisements and open-market programmatic advertising. There is no print advertising revenue generated from The Athletic, which does not have a print product.
 Print advertising for The Times includes revenue from column-inch ads and classified advertising, including line-ads as well as preprinted advertising, also known as freestanding inserts. Column-inch ads are priced according to established rates, with premiums for color and positioning, and classified advertising is paid for on a per-line basis. In 2023, print advertising represented approximately 37% of our advertising revenues.
 Our business is affected in part by seasonal patterns in advertising, with generally higher advertising volume in the fourth quarter due to holiday advertising.

 OTHER BUSINESSES
 We also derive revenue from other businesses, which primarily include:
 • The Company's licensing of our intellectual property. We license content to digital aggregators in the business, professional, academic and library markets, in addition to licensing select content to third-party digital platforms for access by their users and for other purposes. As part of our news and syndication services, we license articles, graphics and photographs to over 1,200 clients, including newspapers, magazines and websites in over 80 countries and territories worldwide. We also license content for use in television, films and books; provide rights to reprint articles; and create and sell news digests based on our content;
 • Our Wirecutter product's affiliate referrals (which generate revenue by offering direct links to merchants in exchange for a portion of the sale price upon completion of a transaction); and
 • The Company's commercial printing operations, which utilize excess capacity at our facility in College Point, N.Y., to print and distribute products for third parties.
 Our affiliate referral revenue is affected in part by seasonal patterns in consumer spending, with generally higher affiliate referral revenue in the fourth quarter due to higher consumer spending.

 COMPETITION
 We operate in a highly competitive environment that is subject to rapid change and face significant competition in all aspects of our business. We compete for audience, subscribers and advertising against a wide variety of digital and print media companies, including digital and traditional print content providers, news aggregators, search engines, social media platforms and streaming services, any of which might attract audiences and/or advertisers to their platforms and away from ours. Our news product most directly competes for audience, subscriptions and advertising with other U.S. and global news and information digital and print products, including The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, BBC News, Vox, The Guardian and Financial Times. Our digital news product
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 5

 also competes with customized news feeds, news aggregators and social media products of companies such as Apple, Alphabet, Meta Platforms and X (formerly Twitter), as well as with emerging products and tools powered by generative artificial intelligence ("AI"). Our other digital products compete with comparable content providers, as well as other digital media of general interest. In addition, we compete for advertising on digital advertising networks and exchanges with real-time bidding and other programmatic buying channels.
 Competition for subscription revenue and audience is generally based upon content breadth, depth, originality, quality and timeliness; product experience; format; our products' pricing and subscription plans and access models; visibility on search engines and social media platforms and in mobile application stores; and service. Competition for advertising revenue is generally based upon the content and format of our products; audience levels and demographics; advertising rates; service; targeting capabilities; results observed by advertisers; and perceived effectiveness of advertising offerings. We believe that our original, independent and high-quality reporting, storytelling and journalistic excellence across topics and formats set us apart from others and is at the heart of what makes our journalism worth paying for, and we believe our journalism attracts valuable audiences and provides a safe and trusted platform for advertisers' brands.

 PRINT PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
 The Times is currently printed at our production and distribution facility in College Point, N.Y., as well as under contract at 23 remote print sites across the United States. We also utilize excess capacity at our College Point facility for commercial printing and distribution for third parties. The Times is delivered in the New York metropolitan area through a combination of our own drivers and agreements with other newspapers and third-party delivery agents. In other markets in the United States and Canada, The Times is delivered through agreements with other newspapers and third-party delivery agents.
 The international edition of The Times is printed under contract at 25 sites throughout the world and is sold in approximately 65 countries and territories. It is distributed through agreements with other newspapers and third-party delivery agents.
 The primary raw materials we use are newsprint and coated paper, which we purchase from a number of North American and European producers. A significant portion of our newsprint is purchased from Resolute FP US Inc., a subsidiary of Resolute Forest Products Inc., a large global manufacturer of paper, market pulp and wood products.
 In 2023 and 2022, we used the following types and quantities of paper:

 (In metric tons)
 2023
 2022

 Newsprint(1)

 59,000
 65,000

 Coated and Supercalendered Paper(2)

 8,900
 9,700

 (1) Newsprint usage includes paper used for commercial printing.
 (2) We use a mix of coated and supercalendered paper for The New York Times Magazine, and coated paper for T: The New York Times Style Magazine.
 P. 6 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 HUMAN CAPITAL
 By acting in accordance with our mission and our values – independence, integrity, curiosity, respect, collaboration and excellence – we serve our readers and society, ensure the continued strength of our journalism and business, and foster a healthy and vibrant Times culture.
 The employees who make up our workplace are vital to the continued success of our mission and business and central to our long-term strategy. In order to attract, develop, retain and maximize the contributions of world-class talent, we work to create an engaging and rewarding employee experience in a variety of ways, including building a more diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace; developing and promoting talent; providing equitable and competitive compensation and benefits (total rewards); and supporting employees' health, safety and well-being.
 Our Board of Directors reviews and discusses with management a wide range of human capital management matters, including succession planning, talent development and workplace culture. In addition, our Compensation Committee oversees matters related to human capital management, including with respect to compensation structure, pay equity and diversity, equity and inclusion.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 5,900 full-time equivalent employees, which includes more than 2,700 involved in our journalism operation. While we have employees located throughout the world, our employees are primarily located in the United States.
 Building a more diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace
 Each year, we prepare an in-depth report on diversity and inclusion to promote accountability over time.
 Steps to advance our diversity, equity and inclusion goals include:
 • Investing in dedicated tools and resources. We have a dedicated team to lead and support our diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives.
 • Promoting an equitable and respectful workplace culture. This includes a rigorous and transparent process for investigating workplace complaints and concerns, as well as expectations for our employees on how to approach their work and engage with, manage and lead each other.
 • Focusing on pay equity. Every two years, including in 2023, we perform a pay-equity study, an in-depth review of our compensation practices conducted with an outside expert to identify, assess and address any inconsistencies in pay. We analyze average differences across race and gender of our U.S. employees performing similar work, taking into account factors that explain legitimate differences in pay, such as tenure and performance, and also perform a thorough analysis of individual pay.
 • Investing in diversifying the employee pipeline. We seek to continuously improve our talent attraction programs and practices, including by building diverse candidate pools and pipelines, using inclusive and accessible job descriptions and promoting equitable recruitment and hiring processes. We invest in programs like The New York Times Fellowship Program (a one-year work program for up-and-coming journalists), The New York Times Corps (a talent-pipeline and career-mentorship program for college students), the Editing Residency Program (a two-year training program for editors) and the Local Investigations Fellowship (a one-year investigative reporting opportunity that aims to help train local investigative journalists around the country), and support many outside organizations dedicated to increasing diversity in journalism, technology and media.
 • Evolving opportunities for identity-based connection. We currently have 13 active employee resource groups, which help create a more inclusive environment for all employees; allow space to connect on shared experiences; serve as a channel for communication with leadership; and provide mentoring, career development and volunteering opportunities.
 Our annual diversity reports, and more information on our approach to diversity, equity and inclusion, can be found at www.nytco.com/company/diversity-and-inclusion. The contents of our diversity reports are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 7

 Developing talent
 We recognize the importance of creating opportunities for employees to develop and succeed at every level.
 Identifying and putting in place effective executive leadership is critically important to our success. Our Board of Directors works with senior management to ensure that plans are in place for both short- and long-term executive succession. The Board conducts an annual detailed review of the Company's leadership pipeline and succession plans for key senior leadership roles.
 We value ongoing development and continuous learning throughout the organization. We strive to support and provide enriching opportunities to our employees, including through a range of training, professional development resources, and programs such as our employee mentorship program. We also continue to work to further elevate how we lead, manage and promote people, including bolstering feedback, support and performance enablement systems. We conduct periodic engagement surveys to gauge the experiences, concerns and sentiments of employees in areas such as career development, manager performance and inclusivity.
 Providing equitable and competitive total rewards
 We offer comprehensive total rewards, which are designed to meet the needs of our current and future employees; support the Company's strategic goals, mission and values; drive a high-performance culture; and offer competitive and equitable pay. In line with our business goals, our total rewards philosophy links compensation to performance. We offer comprehensive benefits to eligible employees and their dependents, including defined contribution (401(k)) plans with a company match, as well as an employee stock purchase program, which provides eligible employees the opportunity to purchase our Class A Common Stock at a discount. Along with the compensation and benefits we provide, our reputation, workplace culture and focus on equity and inclusion are all factors that help us attract and retain highly skilled people of diverse backgrounds.
 Supporting employees' health, safety and well-being
 Our employees' well-being is vital to our success, and their physical, mental and financial health is a top priority. We have invested in a variety of programs based on region that help support their day-to-day wellness needs and goals, including, but not limited to, health benefits, family building support, access to licensed professional counselors (including therapists trained in journalist occupational culture, stressors and resilience factors), health coaching and advocacy services, fitness resources, child and elder care help, financial wellness programs, work/life support resources and more.
 We operate in a hybrid work environment, with many of our employees having the flexibility to work both from our offices and remotely, depending on the nature of their role. To support hybrid work, we have invested in our offices as well as in technological tools, and we continue to focus on building workplace experience capabilities to support a variety of work styles where individuals, teams and our business can be successful.
 Labor Relations
 Approximately 43% of our full-time equivalent employees were represented by unions as of December 31, 2023.
 The following is a list of collective bargaining agreements covering various categories of the Company's employees and their corresponding expiration dates. In addition, certain of our technology employees formed a union in 2022, and we are in the process of negotiating an initial collective bargaining agreement with those employees. As indicated below, our collective bargaining agreement with the Mailers Union has expired and negotiations for a new contract are ongoing. As further indicated below, our collective bargaining agreement with NewsGuild of New York (Wirecutter) will expire on February 28, 2024, and negotiations for a new contract are ongoing. We cannot predict the timing or the outcome of these negotiations.
 P. 8 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Employee Category
 Expiration Date

 Mailers
 November 30, 2023

 NewsGuild of New York (Wirecutter)

 February 28, 2024

 Typographers
 March 30, 2025

 Voice Actors
 October 31, 2025

 NewsGuild of New York (The New York Times)

 February 28, 2026

 Drivers
 March 30, 2026

 Machinists
 March 30, 2026

 Paperhandlers
 March 30, 2026

 Stereotypers
 March 30, 2026

 Pressmen
 March 30, 2027

 AVAILABLE INFORMATION
 We maintain a corporate website at  and we encourage investors and other interested persons to use it as a way of easily finding information about us. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, and the Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders, are made available, free of charge, on this website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports have been filed with or furnished to the SEC. In addition, we may periodically make announcements or disclose important information for investors on this website, including press releases or news regarding our financial performance and other items that may be material or of interest to our investors. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our Company to review the information we post on this website. We have included our website addresses throughout this report as inactive textual references only. The information contained on the websites referenced herein is not incorporated into this filing.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 9

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 This section highlights specific risks that could affect us and our businesses. You should carefully consider each of the following risks, as well as the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or the price of our publicly traded securities could be materially adversely affected by any or all of these risks, or by other risks or uncertainties not presently known or currently deemed immaterial, that may adversely affect us in the future.
 Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
 We face significant competition in all aspects of our business.
 We operate in a highly competitive environment that is subject to rapid change. We compete for audience share and subscribers, as well as subscription, advertising and other revenues such as licensing and affiliate referral revenues. Our competitors include content providers and distributors, as well as news aggregators, search engines, social media platforms and emerging products and tools powered by generative AI. Competition among these companies is robust, and new competitors can quickly emerge.
 Our ability to compete effectively depends on many factors both within and beyond our control, including among others:
 • our ability to continue delivering a breadth of high-quality journalism and content that is interesting and relevant to our audience;
 • our reputation and brand strength relative to those of our competitors;
 • the popularity, usefulness, ease of use, format, performance, reliability and value of our digital products, compared with those of our competitors;
 • the sustained engagement of our audience directly with our products;
 • our ability to reach new users in the United States and abroad;
 • our ability to develop, maintain and monetize our products;
 • our products' pricing and subscription plans and our content access models;
 • our visibility on search engines and social media platforms and in mobile app stores, compared with the visibility of our competitors;
 • our ability to effectively protect our intellectual property, including from unauthorized use by generative AI developers in ways that may harm our brand and promote the spread of misinformation;
 • our marketing and selling efforts, including our ability to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors;
 • our ability to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees, including journalists and people working in digital product development disciplines, among others, who are in high demand;
 • our ability to provide advertisers with a compelling return on their investments; and
 • our ability to manage and grow our business in a cost-effective manner.
 Some of our current and potential competitors provide free and/or lower-priced alternatives to our products, and/or have greater resources than we do, which may allow them to compete more effectively than us. Developments in generative AI are increasing such competition. In addition, several companies with competing news destinations, subscriptions and other products, such as Apple and Alphabet, control how content is discovered, displayed and monetized in some of the primary environments in which we develop relationships with users, and therefore can affect our ability to compete effectively. Some of these companies encourage their large audiences to access our content, or derivations thereof, within their products, impacting our ability to attract, engage and monetize users directly.
 Our ability to grow the size and profitability of our subscriber base depends on many factors, both within and beyond our control, and a failure to do so could adversely affect our results of operations and business.
 Revenue from subscriptions to our digital and print products makes up a majority of our total revenue. Our future growth and profitability depend upon our ability to retain, grow and effectively monetize our audience and subscriber base in the United States and abroad, for our news product as well as The Athletic and our other products
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 (including our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products). We have invested and will continue to invest significant resources in our efforts to do so, including our investments in cross-product integrations such as our multi-product digital bundle subscription package, but there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully grow our subscriber base in line with our expectations, or that we will be able to do so without taking steps such as adjusting our pricing or incurring subscription acquisition costs that could adversely affect our subscription revenues, margin and/or profitability.
 Our ability to attract and grow our digital subscriber base depends on the size of our audience and its sustained engagement directly with our products, including the breadth, depth and frequency of use. The size and engagement of our audience depends on many factors both within and beyond our control, including the size and speed of development of the markets for high-quality, English-language news, sports information, puzzles/games, recipes, shopping advice and/or audio journalism; significant news, sports and other events; user sentiment about the quality of our content and products; the free access we provide to our content; the format and breadth of our offerings; varied and changing consumer expectations and behaviors (including consumers' interest in or avoidance of news content); and our ability to successfully manage changes implemented by search engines and social media platforms or potential changes in the digital information ecosystem, including related to generative AI, that affect or could affect the visibility of and traffic to our content, among other factors.
 The size and engagement of our audience also depends in part on referrals from third-party platforms, including social media platforms and search engines, that direct consumers to our content. These third-party platforms increasingly prioritize formats and content that are outside of our primary offerings and may vary their emphasis on what content to highlight for users. This has caused, and may continue to cause, referrals from these platforms to our content to diminish. Additionally, search engine results and digital marketplace and mobile app store rankings are based on algorithms that are changed frequently, without notice or explanation. Any failure to successfully manage and adapt to changes in how our content, apps, products and services are discovered, prioritized, displayed and monetized could significantly decrease our traffic.
 Consumers' willingness to subscribe to our products may depend on a variety of factors, including our subscription plans and pricing, the perceived differentiated value of being a subscriber, consumers' discretionary spending habits, and our marketing expenditures and effectiveness, as well as the factors described above that impact the size and engagement of our audience and other factors within and outside our control. Our continued expansion will depend on our ability to adapt, on a cost-effective basis, our content, products, pricing, marketing and payment processing systems for new audiences. As we increase the size of our subscriber base, we expect it will become increasingly difficult to maintain our rate of growth.
 We must also manage the rate at which subscriptions to our products are canceled — what we refer to as our "churn." Subscriptions are canceled for a variety of reasons, including the factors described above that impact the size and engagement of our audience and consumers' willingness to subscribe to our products as well as: subscribers' perception that they do not engage with our content sufficiently, the end of promotional pricing (which is an important aspect of our strategy) or other adjustments in our subscription pricing, changes in the payment industry (such as changes in payment regulations, standards or policies, including related to renewal and cancellation notice requirements, and the introduction of new subscription management tools), and the expiration or replacement of subscribers' credit cards. New subscriber cohorts may not retain at the same rate as prior cohorts of subscribers, particularly as we endeavor to encourage users who may spend less time with our products to subscribe.
 The future growth of our business and profitability also depends on our ability to successfully monetize our subscriber relationships. We are investing in efforts to encourage subscribers to use and pay for multiple products, primarily through our multi-product digital bundle, but there can be no assurance that such efforts will continue to be successful in attracting and retaining subscribers. We have also invested in efforts to align our pricing model with users' willingness to pay, and may continue to implement changes in our pricing, subscription plans or pricing model that could have an adverse impact on our ability to attract, engage and retain subscribers and/or on our subscription revenues and profitability.
 The number of print subscribers continues to decline as the media industry has transitioned from being primarily print-focused to digital and we do not expect this trend to reverse. We will be limited in our ability to offset the resulting print revenue declines with revenue from home-delivery price increases, particularly as our print products become more expensive relative to other media alternatives, including our digital products. If we are unable to offset and ultimately replace continued print subscription revenue declines with other sources of revenue, such as
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 digital subscriptions, or if print subscription revenue declines at a faster rate than we anticipate, our operating results will be adversely affected.
 Our user and other metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may harm our reputation and our business.
 We track certain metrics, such as registered users, subscribers and average revenue per subscriber (which we refer to as "average revenue per user" or "ARPU"), which are used to measure our performance and which we use to evaluate growth trends and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using internal Company data as well as information we receive from third parties and are subject to inherent challenges in measurement. For example, there may be individuals who have multiple Times subscriptions or registrations, which we treat as multiple subscribers or registrations, as well as single subscriptions and registrations that are used by more than one person. In addition, we rely on estimates in calculating subscriber and subscription metrics in connection with group corporate and educational subscriptions. The complex systems, processes and methodologies used to measure these metrics require significant effort, judgment and design inputs, and are susceptible to human error, technical and coding errors and other vulnerabilities, including those in hardware devices, operating systems and other third-party products or services on which we rely. We also depend on accurate reporting by third parties such as Apple and Alphabet, as some of our subscribers purchase their subscriptions through these intermediaries, and our control over the information available to us from these third parties is limited. Accordingly, our metrics may not reflect the actual number of people using our products.
 Inaccuracies or limitations in these metrics may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could result in suboptimal business decisions and/or affect our longer-term strategies. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our estimates of these metrics, which requires continued investment, and, as our tools and methodologies for measuring these metrics evolve, there may be unexpected changes to our metrics. Real or perceived inaccuracies in our reported metrics could harm our reputation and/or subject us to legal or regulatory actions and/or adversely affect our operating and financial results.
 Our advertising revenues are affected by numerous factors, including market dynamics, evolving digital advertising trends and the evolution of our strategy.
 We derive substantial revenues from the sale of advertising in our products. Our advertising business is sensitive to the macroeconomic environment, as advertiser budgets can fluctuate substantially in response to changing economic conditions. Within the digital and audio advertising markets, our ability to compete successfully for advertising budgets will depend on, among other things, our ability to engage and grow digital and audio audiences, collect and leverage data, and demonstrate the value of our advertising and the effectiveness of our products to advertisers. In determining whether to buy advertising with us, advertisers may consider factors such as the demand for our products, the focus of our coverage (including reluctance to appear adjacent to some news topics), size and demographics of our audience, advertising rates, targeting capabilities, results observed by advertisers, and perceived effectiveness of advertising offerings and alternative advertising options.
 Companies with large digital platforms, which have greater audience reach, audience data and targeting capabilities than we do, command a large share of the digital advertising market, and we anticipate that this will continue. In addition, there is increasing demand for digital advertising in formats that are dominated by these platforms, particularly vertical short-form video and streaming, and we may not be able to compete effectively in these formats. The remaining market is subject to significant competition among publishers and other content providers, and audience fragmentation. These dynamics have affected, and will likely continue to affect, our ability to attract and retain advertisers and to maintain or increase our advertising rates.
 Digital advertising networks and exchanges with real-time bidding and other programmatic buying channels that allow advertisers to buy audiences at scale also play a significant role in the marketplace and represent another source of competition. They have caused and may continue to cause further downward pricing pressure and the loss of a direct relationship with marketers, especially during periods of economic downturn.
 The evolving standards for delivery of digital advertising, as well as the development and implementation of technology, regulations, policies, practices and consumer expectations that adversely affect our ability to deliver, target or measure the effectiveness of advertising (including blocking the display of advertising, the phase-out of browser support for third-party cookies and of mobile operating systems for advertising identifiers, rapidly evolving
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 privacy regulations and platform requirements providing for additional consumer rights), may also adversely affect our advertising revenues if we are unable to develop effective solutions to mitigate their impact.
 Our digital advertising offerings include products that use proprietary first-party data to target and generate predictive insights and help inform our clients' advertising strategies. Our ability to quickly and effectively evolve these products; the volume, quality, and price of competitive products; and continued changes to industry regulation all have the potential to impact the success of this strategy.
 Our digital advertising operations also rely on technologies (particularly ad servers) that, if interrupted or meaningfully changed, or if the providers leverage their power to alter the economic structure, could have an adverse impact on our advertising revenues, operating costs and/or operating results. The relative proportions of digital traffic we receive from different platforms, such as apps, desktop web and mobile web, have changed over time and may continue to change, in part as a result of changes to the algorithms of digital platforms over which we have no control. If we do not adapt to differences in traffic and yield among these platforms, this could adversely affect our advertising revenues.
 Although print advertising revenue represents a significant portion of our total advertising revenue, our revenues from print advertising continue to decline over time and we do not expect this trend to reverse. Print advertising revenue may decline more quickly than we anticipate, which could create additional pressure on our profitability.
 Our brand and reputation are key assets of the Company. Negative perceptions or publicity could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 We believe The New York Times brand is a powerful and trusted brand with a reputation for high-quality independent journalism and content, and this brand is a key element of our business. Our brands, including The New York Times, The Athletic and Cooking, Games and Wirecutter, might be damaged by incidents that erode consumer trust (such as negative publicity), a perception that our journalism is unreliable, or a decline in the perceived value of independent journalism or general trust in the media, which may be in part as a result of changing political and cultural environments in the United States and abroad or active campaigns by domestic and international political and commercial actors. We may introduce new products or services that are not well received and that may negatively affect our brand. Our brand and reputation could also be adversely impacted by negative claims or publicity regarding the Company or its operations, products, employees, practices (including social, data privacy and environmental practices) or business affiliates (including advertisers), as well as our potential inability to adequately respond to such negative claims or publicity, even if such claims are untrue. Our brand and reputation could also be damaged if we fail to provide adequate customer service, or by failures of third-party vendors we rely on in many contexts. We invest in defining and enhancing our brands. These investments are considerable and may not be successful. To the extent our brand and reputation are damaged, our ability to attract and retain readers, subscribers, advertisers and/or employees could be adversely affected, which could in turn have an adverse impact on our business, revenues and operating results.
 Generative AI technology may negatively impact our ability to attract, engage, and retain audience and subscribers; protect and monetize our intellectual property; maintain and grow other revenue streams; and retain and grow trust in our brand and journalism.
 Recent advances and continued rapid development in generative AI technology may alter the market for our services. Generative AI tools powered by models that have been trained on our content, or that are able to display and produce output that contains, is similar to, or is based on, our content, without our permission, fair compensation, or proper attribution, may reduce our online traffic, decrease our audience size and subscriber demand, infringe our intellectual property rights, impair our ability to attract new subscribers, harm existing and potential revenue streams, and adversely affect our business, revenues and results of operations. Additionally, such tools may also misattribute incorrect information to us, which could damage our brand and reputation.
 Protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights against generative AI developers that have used and may continue to use our journalism, other content and trademarks without authorization may be costly and time consuming. The legal landscape for generative AI remains uncertain and the development of the law in this area could impact our ability to protect our intellectual property from infringing and competitive uses. In December 2023, we filed a lawsuit against Microsoft Corporation and various OpenAI defendants that included claims related to their unlawful and unauthorized copying and use of our journalism and other content. See "Item 3 — Legal Proceedings" for additional information. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in this litigation, or in preventing
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 other generative AI developers from using our content without authorization or fair compensation. Our business, brand, financial condition and results of operations may suffer as a result.
 We are also using and may continue to use certain generative AI tools in our business. If the content, analyses, or recommendations that these tools assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, biased or otherwise problematic, our reputation may be adversely affected. In addition, the introduction of generative AI tools into our business may negatively impact our workplace culture and ability to attract and retain employees if generative AI tools are viewed as displacing workers. Generative AI also presents emerging legal and ethical issues, and terms governing the use of generative AI are subject to change. Accordingly, our use of, or perceptions of the way that we use, generative AI could adversely affect our business, brand, financial condition or results of operations.
 Our business and financial results may be adversely impacted by economic, market, geopolitical and public health conditions or other events causing significant disruption.
 We and the companies with which we do business are subject to risks and uncertainties caused by factors beyond our control, including economic, geopolitical and public health conditions. These include economic weakness, instability, uncertainty and volatility, including the potential for a recession; a competitive labor market and evolving workforce expectations (including for unionized employees); inflation; supply chain disruptions; rising interest rates; and political and sociopolitical uncertainties and conflicts (including the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war).
 These factors may result in declines and/or volatility in our results. For example, advertising spending is sensitive to economic, geopolitical and public health conditions, and our advertising revenues have been and could be further adversely affected as advertisers respond to such conditions by reducing their budgets or shifting spending patterns or priorities. In addition, economic, geopolitical and public health conditions may lead to fluctuations in the size and engagement of our audience, which can impact our ability to attract, engage and retain audience and subscribers.
 To the extent economic conditions lead consumers to reduce spending on discretionary activities, subscribers may increasingly shift to lower-priced subscription options and/or our ability to retain current and obtain new subscribers or implement price increases could be hindered, which would adversely impact our subscription revenue. Additionally, consumers may reduce the product purchases through which we generate affiliate referral revenues.
 Macroeconomic pressures and shifts in the broader consumer and regulatory environment could cause large-scale platforms to make changes that adversely impact our business. We depend on these platforms for traffic, affiliate referral revenue share agreements and content licensing revenue. While we have agreements with large platforms pursuant to which we license our content for use on such platforms in exchange for payments, there is no guarantee that these content license agreements will be renewed on terms favorable to us or at all.
 Our costs may also be adversely affected by economic and/or geopolitical conditions. For example, if inflation increases for an extended period, our employee-related costs are likely to increase. Our printing and distribution costs have been impacted in the past and may be impacted in the future by inflation and higher costs, including those associated with raw materials, delivery costs and/or utilities. Inflation and market volatility may also adversely impact our investment portfolio and our pension plan obligations. Additionally, we own and lease commercial real estate and are subject to associated risks, including that the size of our real estate portfolio becomes unsuited to our needs, that we are unable to secure subleases for owned or leased property, counterparty risk associated with subleases and liquidity risk associated with our owned properties, all of which are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions, changes in the real estate market and demographic trends.
 Any events causing significant disruption or distraction to the public or to our workforce, or impacting overall macroeconomic conditions, such as supply chain disruptions, political instability or crises, economic instability, war, public health crises, social unrest, terrorist attacks, natural disasters and other adverse weather and climate conditions, or other unexpected events, could also disrupt our operations or the operations of one or more of the third parties on which we rely. If a significant portion of our workforce or the workforces of the third parties with which we do business (including our advertisers, newsprint suppliers or print and distribution partners) is unable to work due to power outages, connectivity issues, illness or other causes that impact individuals' ability to work, our operations and financial performance may be negatively impacted.
 The future impact that economic, geopolitical and public health conditions will have on our business, operations and financial results is uncertain and will depend on numerous evolving factors and developments that we are not able to reliably predict or mitigate. It is also possible that these conditions may accelerate or worsen the
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 other risks discussed in this section.
 The international scope of our business exposes us to risks inherent in foreign operations.
 We have news bureaus and other offices around the world, and our digital and print products are generally offered globally. We are focused on further expanding the international scope of our business and face the inherent risks associated with doing business abroad, including:
 • government policies and regulations that restrict our products and operations, including restrictions on access to our content and products, the expulsion or detention of journalists or other employees or other restrictive or retaliatory actions or behavior;
 • effectively staffing and managing foreign operations;
 • providing for the health and safety of our journalists and other employees and affiliates around the world;
 • potential legal, political or social uncertainty and volatility or catastrophic events, including wars and terrorist events, that could restrict our journalists' travel or otherwise adversely impact our operations and business and/or those of the companies with which we do business;
 • navigating local customs and practices;
 • protecting and enforcing our intellectual property and other rights under varying legal regimes;
 • complying with applicable laws and regulations, including those governing intellectual property; defamation; publishing certain types of information; labor, employment and immigration; tax; payment processing; the processing (including the collection, use, retention and sharing), privacy and security of consumer and staff data; and U.S. and foreign anti-corruption laws and economic sanctions;
 • restrictions on the ability of U.S. companies to do business in foreign countries, including restrictions on foreign ownership, foreign investment or repatriation of funds;
 • higher-than-anticipated costs of entry; and
 • currency exchange rate fluctuations.
 Adverse developments in any of these areas could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, we may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply.
 Significant disruptions in our newsprint supply chain or newspaper printing and distribution channels, or a significant increase in the costs to print and distribute our newspaper, would have an adverse effect on our operating results.
 The Times newspaper, as well as other commercial print products, are printed at our production and distribution facility in College Point, N.Y. Outside of the New York area, The Times is printed and distributed under contracts with print and distribution partners across the United States and internationally.
 Our production and distribution facility and our print partners rely on suppliers for deliveries of newsprint. The price of newsprint has historically been volatile, and its availability may be affected by various factors, including supply chain disruptions, transportation issues, labor shortages or unrest, conversion to paper grades other than newsprint and other disruptions that may affect production or deliveries of newsprint. A significant increase in the price of newsprint, or a significant disruption in our or our partners' newsprint supply chain, would adversely affect our operating results.
 Financial pressures, newspaper industry trends or economics, labor shortages or unrest, changing legal obligations regarding classification of workers or other circumstances that affect our print and distribution partners and/or lead to reduced operations or consolidations or closures of print sites, newsprint mills and/or distribution routes may increase the cost of printing and distributing our newspapers, decrease our revenues if printing and distribution are disrupted and/or impact the quality of our printing and distribution. Some of our print and distribution partners have taken steps to reduce their geographic scope and/or the frequency with which newspapers are printed and distributed, and additional partners may take similar steps. The geographic scope and frequency with which newspapers are printed and distributed by our partners at times affects our ability to print and distribute our newspaper and can adversely affect our operating results.
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 If we experience significant disruptions in our newsprint supply chain or newspaper printing and distribution channels, or a significant increase in the costs to print and distribute our newspaper, our reputation and/or operating results may be adversely affected. Furthermore, as subscriptions to our and other companies' print products continue to decline, our and our vendors' fixed costs to print and deliver paper products are spread over fewer paper copies. We may be unable to offset these increasing per-unit costs, alongside decreasing print subscriptions, with revenue from price increases, and our operating results may be adversely affected.
 Environmental, social and governance matters, and any related reporting obligations, may impact our businesses.
 U.S. and international regulators, investors and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance, or "ESG," matters. New domestic and international laws and regulations relating to ESG matters, including environmental sustainability and climate change, human capital management, privacy and cybersecurity, are under consideration or have recently been adopted. These laws and regulations include specific, target-driven disclosure requirements or obligations. Our response to such requirements or obligations requires additional investments, increased attention from management and the implementation of new practices and reporting processes, and involves additional compliance risk. In addition, we have undertaken or announced a number of related actions and goals that will require changes to operations and ongoing investment. There is no assurance that our initiatives will achieve their intended outcomes or that we will achieve any of these goals. Perceptions of our initiatives may differ widely, including in different jurisdictions, and present risks to our brand and reputation. In addition, our ability to implement some initiatives is dependent on external factors. For example, our ability to carry out our sustainability initiatives may depend in part on third-party collaboration, mitigation innovations and/or the availability of economically feasible solutions at scale. Furthermore, factors such as changes in methodologies and processes for reporting ESG data, improvements in third-party data and the evolving standards for identifying, measuring and reporting ESG metrics, including disclosures that may be required by regulators, could impact our reporting of and progress toward our own ESG goals and/or commitments. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with complex, technical, and rapidly evolving ESG-related laws and regulations, or to meet our own ESG targets and/or commitments, may negatively impact our reputation and result in penalties or fines.
 Adverse results from litigation or governmental investigations can impact our business practices and operating results.
 From time to time, we are party to litigation, including matters relating to alleged defamation, consumer class actions and labor and employment-related matters, as well as regulatory, environmental and other proceedings with governmental authorities and administrative agencies. Adverse outcomes in lawsuits or investigations could result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition as well as our ability to conduct our business as it is presently being conducted. In addition, regardless of merit or outcome, such proceedings can have an adverse impact on the Company as a result of legal costs, diversion of the attention of management and other personnel, harm to our reputation, and other factors.
 Risks Related to Acquisitions, Divestitures and Investments
 Acquisitions, divestitures, investments and other transactions could adversely affect our costs, revenues, profitability and financial position.
 In order to position our business to take advantage of growth opportunities, we intend to continue to engage in discussions, evaluate opportunities and enter into agreements for possible additional acquisitions, divestitures, investments and other transactions. We may also consider the acquisition of, or investment in, specific properties, businesses or technologies that fall outside our traditional lines of business and diversify our portfolio, including those that may operate in new and developing industries, if we deem such properties sufficiently attractive.
 Acquisitions may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including difficulties in integrating acquired businesses (including cultural challenges associated with transitioning employees from the acquired company into our organization); failure to correctly anticipate liabilities, deficiencies, or other claims and/or other costs; diversion of management attention from other business concerns or resources; use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; possible dilution of our brand or harm to our reputation; the potential loss of key employees; risks associated with strategic relationships; risks associated with integrating operations and systems, such as financial reporting, internal control, compliance and information technology (including cybersecurity and data privacy controls) systems, in an efficient and effective manner; and other unanticipated problems and liabilities.
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 Competition for certain types of acquisitions is significant. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions or other strategic transactions on favorable terms, or at all. Even if successfully negotiated, closed and integrated, certain acquisitions or investments may prove not to sufficiently advance our business strategy or provide the anticipated benefits, may cause us to incur unanticipated costs or liabilities, may result in write-offs of impaired assets, and may fall short of expected return on investment targets, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 We completed our acquisition of The Athletic Media Company in early 2022. We have invested and intend to invest additional amounts in an effort to scale The Athletic's subscription business and audience, build its advertising business and make The Athletic, which operated at a loss prior to the acquisition, accretive to our overall profitability. The success of the acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully apply our journalistic, subscription, advertising, marketing and operational expertise, and to create a seamless product and commercial experience and value proposition for our and The Athletic's users and advertisers, to help grow The Athletic in an effective, efficient and profitable manner. The success of the acquisition also depends, in part, on factors outside of our control, such as the market for paid sports journalism. We may not be able to achieve our intended strategy or manage The Athletic successfully, or doing so may be costlier than we anticipate, and we may experience difficulty in realizing the expected benefits of this acquisition.
 In addition, we have divested and may in the future divest certain assets or businesses that no longer fit within our strategic direction or growth targets. Divestitures involve significant risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These include, among others, the inability to find potential buyers on favorable terms, disruption to our business and/or diversion of management attention from other business concerns, loss of key employees and possible retention of certain liabilities related to the divested business.
 Finally, we have made minority investments in companies, and we may make similar investments in the future. Such investments subject us to the operating and financial risks of these businesses and to the risk that we do not have sole control over the operations of these businesses. Our investments are generally illiquid, and the absence of a market may inhibit our ability to dispose of them. In addition, if the book value of an investment were to exceed its fair value, we would be required to recognize an impairment charge related to the investment.
 Investments we make in new and existing products and services expose us to risks and challenges that could adversely affect our operations and profitability.
 We have invested and expect to continue to invest significant resources to enhance and expand our existing products and services and to acquire and develop new products and services. These investments have included, among others, improvements to our digital news product, The Athletic, Games, Audio and our other products, including the enhancement of our users' experiences of our products and the integration of our products into our multi-product digital bundle subscription package; various audio and film and television initiatives; and investments in our commercial printing and other ancillary operations. These efforts present numerous risks and challenges, including the need for us to appeal to new audiences, develop additional expertise in certain areas, overcome technological and operational challenges and effectively allocate capital resources; new and/or increased costs (including marketing and compliance costs and costs to recruit, integrate and retain talented employees); risks associated with strategic relationships such as content licensing; new competitors (some of which may have more resources and experience in certain areas); and additional legal and regulatory risks from expansion into new areas. As a result of these and other risks and challenges, growth into new areas may divert internal resources and the attention of our management and other personnel, including journalists and product and technology specialists.
 Although we believe we have a strong and well-established reputation as a global media company, our ability to market our products effectively, and to gain and maintain an audience, particularly for some of our newer digital products, is not certain, and, if they are not favorably received, our brand may be adversely affected. Even if our new products and services, or enhancements to existing products and services, are favorably received, they may not advance our business strategy as expected, may result in unanticipated costs or liabilities and may fall short of expected return on investment targets or fail to generate sufficient revenue to justify our investments, which could result in write-offs of impaired assets and/or adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.
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 Risks Related to Our Employees and Pension Obligations
 Attracting and maintaining a talented and diverse workforce, which is vital to our success, is challenging and costly; failure to do so could have a negative impact on our competitive position, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
 Our ability to attract, develop, retain and maximize the contributions of world-class talent from diverse backgrounds, and to create the conditions for our people to do their best work, is vital to the continued success of our business and central to our long-term strategy. Our employees and the individuals we seek to hire (particularly journalists and people working in digital product development disciplines) are highly sought after by our competitors and other companies, some of which have greater resources than we have and may offer compensation and benefits packages that are perceived to be better than ours. As a result, we may incur significant costs to attract new employees and retain our existing employees and we may lose talent through attrition and/or be unable to hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs.
 Our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled talent from diverse backgrounds for all areas of our organization depends on many factors, including the compensation and benefits we provide; career development opportunities that we provide; our reputation; workplace culture; and progress with respect to diversity, equity and inclusion efforts. Our employee-related costs have grown in recent years, and they may further increase, including as a result of a competitive labor market, evolving workforce expectations (including for unionized employees) and inflation. In addition, stock-based compensation is an increasing component of our overall compensation, and if the perceived value of our equity awards relative to those of our competitors declines, including as a result of declines in the market price of our Class A Common Stock or changes in perception about our prospects, that may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain talent. We must also continue to adapt to ever-changing workplace and workforce dynamics and other changes in the business and cultural landscape, including, for example, as they relate to in-office, hybrid and remote work. Additionally, we are subject to complex, technical and rapidly evolving federal, state, local and international laws and regulations related to labor, employment and benefits, and any non-compliance, or alleged noncompliance, could cause us reputational harm and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain a talented and diverse workforce.
 If we were unable to attract and retain a talented and diverse workforce, it would disrupt our operations and our ability to complete ongoing projects; would impact our competitive position and reputation; and could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success, and a failure to effectively ensure train and integrate new employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution.
 A significant number of our employees are unionized, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if labor agreements were to increase our costs or further restrict our ability to maximize the efficiency of our operations.
 Approximately 43% of our full-time equivalent employees were represented by unions as of December 31, 2023. As a result, we are required to negotiate the wages, benefits and other terms and conditions of employment with many of our employees collectively. We are in the process of negotiating renewals of our collective bargaining agreements involving our Wirecutter employees and certain employees at our College Point production and distribution facility, and a new collective bargaining agreement involving technology employees.
 Labor unrest or campaigns by labor organizations have resulted in and may continue to result in negative publicity, which can adversely impact our reputation, our workplace culture and our ability to recruit, retain and motivate talent, as well as divert management's attention, any of which could adversely impact our business. We may experience significant labor unrest if negotiations to renew expiring collective bargaining agreements, or enter into new agreements, are not successful or become unproductive, or for other reasons. Our employees have taken and could take further actions such as strikes, work slowdowns or work stoppages. Such actions could impair our ability to produce and deliver our products or cause other business interruptions, which may adversely affect our business, financial results and/or our reputation. We could also incur higher costs from such actions, and/or enter into new collective bargaining agreements or renew collective bargaining agreements on unfavorable terms. If more of our employees were to unionize, or if future labor agreements were to increase our costs or further restrict our ability to change our strategy, maximize the efficiency of our operations (including our ability to make adjustments to control compensation and benefits costs) or otherwise adapt to changing business needs, our business and results could be adversely affected.
 P. 18 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The nature of significant portions of our expenses may limit our operating flexibility and could adversely affect our results of operations.
 Our main operating costs are employee-related costs, which have been increasing in recent years, are sensitive to inflationary pressures, and are likely to continue increasing. Employee-related costs generally do not decrease proportionately with revenues, and our ability to make short-term adjustments to manage our costs or to make changes to our business strategy is limited by certain of our collective bargaining agreements and may be constrained by labor market conditions. Furthermore, as print-related revenues decline, we cannot always make proportional reductions in the costs associated with the printing and distribution of our newspaper and our commercial printing business. If we were unable to implement cost-control efforts effectively or reduce our operating costs sufficiently in response to a decline in our revenues, our profitability would be adversely affected. Additionally, it is possible that future cost control efforts may affect the quality of our products and our ability to generate future revenues.
 The size and volatility of our pension plan obligations may adversely affect our operations, financial condition and liquidity.
 We sponsor a frozen single-employer defined benefit pension plan. Although we have frozen participation and benefits under this plan and have taken other steps to reduce the size and volatility of our pension plan obligations, our results of operations will be affected by the amount of income or expense we record for, and the contributions we are required to make to this plan.
 In addition, the Company and the NewsGuild of New York jointly sponsor a defined benefit plan that continues to accrue active benefits for certain employees represented by the NewsGuild.
 We are required to make contributions to our plans to comply with minimum funding requirements imposed by laws governing those plans. Although as of December 31, 2023, our qualified defined benefit pension plans had plan assets that were approximately $83 million above the present value of future benefit obligations, our obligation to make additional contributions to our plans, and the timing of any such contributions, depends on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These include legislative changes; demographic changes and assumptions about mortality; and economic conditions, including a low interest rate environment or sustained volatility and disruption in the stock and debt markets, which impact discount rates and returns on plan assets.
 As a result of required contributions to our qualified pension plans, we may have less cash available for working capital and other corporate uses, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
 In addition, the Company sponsors several non-qualified pension plans, with unfunded obligations totaling approximately $181 million as of December 31, 2023. Although we have frozen participation and benefits under all but one of these plans and have taken other steps to reduce the size and volatility of our obligations under these plans, a number of factors, including changes in discount rates or mortality tables, may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
 Our participation in multiemployer pension plans may subject us to liabilities that could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
 We participate in, and make periodic contributions to, various multiemployer pension plans. Our required contributions to certain plans have been impacted and may be further impacted by changes in our production, distribution and commercial printing operations.
 The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in that assets contributed are pooled and may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. If a participating employer withdraws from or otherwise ceases to contribute to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. If we withdraw from a multiemployer plan, we may be required to pay the plan an amount based on the plan's underfunded status, referred to as withdrawal liability. Our withdrawal liability for any multiemployer pension plan will depend on the nature and timing of any triggering event and the extent of that plan's funding of vested benefits. In addition, under federal pension law, when a multiemployer pension plan is classified as "endangered," "critical" or "critical and declining," we can be required to make additional contributions and/or benefit reductions may apply. Currently, two of the significant multiemployer plans in which we participate are classified as "critical and declining."
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 19

 We have recorded significant withdrawal liabilities with respect to multiemployer pension plans in which we formerly participated and with respect to partial withdrawals from several plans in which we continue to participate, and may record additional liabilities in the future, including as a result of a mass withdrawal declaration by trustees. Additional liabilities in excess of the amounts we have recorded could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. All of the significant multiemployer plans in which we participate are specific to the newspaper and broader printing and publishing industries, which continue to undergo significant pressure.
 If, in the future, we elect to withdraw from additional plans in which we participate or if we trigger a partial withdrawal due to declines in contribution base units or a partial cessation of our obligation to contribute, additional liabilities would need to be recorded that could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. Legislative changes could also affect our funding obligations or the amount of withdrawal liability we incur if a withdrawal were to occur.
 Risks Related to Our Data Platform, Information Systems and Other Technology
 Our success depends on our ability to effectively improve and scale our technical and data infrastructure.
 Our ability to attract and retain our users is dependent upon the reliable performance and increasing capabilities and integration of our products and our underlying technical and data infrastructure. As our business grows in size, scope and complexity, and as legal requirements and consumer expectations continue to evolve, we must continue to invest significant resources to maintain, integrate, improve, upgrade, scale and protect our products and technical and data infrastructure, including some legacy systems. Our failure to do so quickly and effectively, or any significant disruption in our service, could damage our reputation, result in a potential loss of users or ineffective monetization of products or other missed opportunities, subject us to fines and civil liability and/or adversely affect our financial results.
 As we periodically augment and enhance our financial systems (including implementation in 2024 of a new financial system related to digital subscriptions), we may experience disruptions or difficulties that could adversely affect our operations, the management of our finances and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which in turn may negatively impact our ability to manage our business and to accurately forecast and report our results, which could harm our business.
 Security incidents and other network and information systems disruptions could affect our ability to conduct our business effectively and damage our reputation.
 Our systems store and process confidential subscriber, user, employee and other sensitive personal and Company data, and therefore maintaining our network security is of critical importance. In addition, we rely on the technology, systems, and services provided by third-party vendors (including cloud-based service providers) for a variety of operations, including encryption and authentication technology, employee email, domain name registration, content delivery, administrative functions (including payroll processing and certain finance and accounting functions) and other operations.
 We regularly face attempts by malicious actors to breach our security and compromise our information technology systems. These actors, whether internal or external to the Company, may use a blend of technology and social engineering techniques (including denial of service attacks, phishing or business email compromise attempts intended to induce our employees, business affiliates and users to disclose information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data, ransomware, and other techniques) to disrupt service or exfiltrate data. Information security threats are constantly evolving in sophistication and volume and attackers have used generative AI and machine learning to launch more automated, targeted, sophisticated and coordinated attacks against targets, increasing the difficulty of detecting and successfully defending against them. We and the third parties with which we work may be more vulnerable to the risk from activities of this nature as a result of factors such as the high-profile nature of the Company's business operations and the various jurisdictions in which we and our third-party providers operate; significant increases in remote and hybrid working; employee use of personal devices, which may not have the same level of protection as Company devices and networks; and use of legacy software systems, among others. To date, no incidents have had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 In addition, our systems, and those of the third parties with which we work and on which we rely, may be vulnerable to interruption or damage that can result from the effects of power, systems or internet outages; natural
 P. 20 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 disasters (including increased storm severity and flooding), which may occur more frequently or with more severity as a result of climate change; fires; rogue employees; public health conditions; acts of terrorism; or other similar events.
 We have implemented controls and taken other preventative measures designed to strengthen our systems and to improve the resiliency of our business against such incidents and attacks, including measures designed to reduce the impact of a security incident at our third-party vendors. Efforts to prevent malicious actors from disrupting our service or otherwise accessing our systems are expensive to develop, implement and maintain. These efforts require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and as efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated, and may limit the functionality of or otherwise negatively impact our products, services and systems. Although the costs of the controls and other measures we have taken to date have not had a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, the costs and effort to respond to and recover from a security incident and/or to mitigate any security vulnerabilities that may be identified in the future could be significant.
 There can also be no assurance that the actions, measures and controls we have implemented will be effective against future attacks or that they will be sufficient to prevent a future security incident or other disruption to our network or information systems, or those of our third-party vendors, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. Such an event could result in a disruption of our services, unauthorized access to or improper disclosure of personal data or other confidential information, or theft or misuse of our intellectual property, all of which could harm our reputation, require us to expend resources to respond to and recover from such a security incident or defend against further attacks, divert management's attention or subject us to liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business. While we maintain cyber risk insurance, the costs relating to certain kinds of security incidents could be substantial, and our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all losses related to any future incidents involving our data or systems.
 Failure to comply with laws and regulations with respect to privacy, data protection and consumer marketing and subscriptions practices could adversely affect our business.
 Our business is subject to various laws and regulations with respect to the processing, privacy and security of personal data, as well our consumer marketing and subscriptions practices.
 Various federal and state laws and regulations, as well as the laws of foreign jurisdictions, govern the processing, privacy and security of the data we receive from and about individuals, including the European General Data Protection Regulation and ePrivacy Directive; California's Consumer Privacy Act and Consumer Privacy Rights Act; new privacy laws in more than a dozen states; and others. Failure to protect personal data in accordance with these requirements, provide individuals with adequate notice of our privacy policies, respond to consumer-rights related requests or obtain required valid consent where applicable, for example, could subject us to liabilities imposed by these jurisdictions.
 In addition, various federal and state laws and regulations, as well as the laws of foreign jurisdictions, govern the manner in which we market our subscription products, including with respect to subscriptions, billing, automatic renewals and cancellation. These laws and regulations differ across jurisdictions and continue to evolve. These laws, as well as any changes in these laws or how they are interpreted, could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain subscribers and the rate with which consumers cancel subscriptions.
 There has been increased focus on and regulatory scrutiny related to laws and regulations governing privacy, data protection, consumer marketing and subscriptions practices. These laws continue to evolve and are subject to potentially differing interpretations. Various federal and state legislative and regulatory bodies, as well as foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, may expand such current laws or enact new laws in these areas. Existing and newly adopted laws and regulations with respect to the processing, privacy and security of personal data, and consumer marketing practices (or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations), have imposed and may continue to impose obligations that affect our business, place increasing demands on our technical infrastructure and resources, require us to incur increased compliance costs and cause us to further adjust our advertising, marketing, security or other business practices. For example, we launched several significant privacy engineering projects in 2023 and are undertaking significant work to integrate a number of internal systems, including our data platform, with third-party software to centralize and enhance our privacy compliance capabilities. As we continue these projects over the next several years, we may experience disruptions or difficulties that could adversely affect our business.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 21

 Any failure, or perceived failure, by us or the third parties upon which we rely to comply with laws and regulations that govern our business operations and/or our policies, could expose us to penalties and/or civil or criminal liability and result in claims against us by governmental entities, classes of litigants or others, regulatory inquiries, negative publicity and a loss of confidence in us by our users and advertisers. Each of these consequences could adversely affect our business and results of operations. From time to time, we are party to litigation and regulatory inquiry relating to these laws.
 We are subject to payment processing risk.
 We accept payments through third parties using a variety of different payment methods, including credit and debit cards and direct debit, as well as alternative payment methods such as PayPal. We rely on third parties' and our own internal systems to process payments. Acceptance and processing of these payment methods are subject to differing domestic and foreign certifications, rules, regulations, industry standards (including credit card and banking policies), and laws concerning subscriptions, billing and automatic renewals, which continue to evolve. To the extent there are disruptions in our or third-party payment processing systems; errors in charges made to subscribers; material changes in the payment ecosystem such as large reissuances of payment cards by credit card issuers and the introduction of new subscription management tools; or significant changes to certifications, rules, regulations, industry standards or laws concerning payment processing, our ability to accept payments could be hindered, we could experience increased costs and/or be subject to fines and/or civil liability, which could harm our reputation and adversely impact our revenues, operating expenses and/or results of operations.
 In addition, we have experienced, and from time to time may continue to experience, fraudulent use of payment methods for subscriptions to our digital products. If we are unable to adequately control and manage this practice, it could result in inaccurately inflated subscriber figures used for internal planning purposes and public reporting, which could adversely affect our ability to manage our business and harm our reputation. If we are unable to maintain our fraud and chargeback rate at acceptable levels, our card approval rate may be impacted, and card networks could impose fines and additional card authentication requirements or terminate our ability to process payments, which would impact our business and results of operations as well as result in negative consumer perceptions of our brand. We have taken measures to detect and reduce fraud, but these measures may not be or remain effective and may need to be continually improved as fraudulent schemes become more sophisticated. These measures may add friction to our subscription processes, which could adversely affect our ability to add and retain subscribers.
 The termination of our ability to accept payments on any major payment method would significantly impair our ability to operate our business, including our ability to add and retain subscribers and collect subscription and advertising revenues, and would adversely affect our results of operations.
 Defects, delays or interruptions in the cloud-based hosting services we utilize could adversely affect our reputation and operating results.
 We currently utilize third-party subscription-based software services as well as public cloud infrastructure services to provide solutions for many of our computing and bandwidth needs. Any interruptions to these services could result in interruptions in service to our subscribers, users, advertisers and/or the Company's critical business functions, notwithstanding business continuity or disaster recovery plans or agreements that may currently be in place with these providers. This could result in unanticipated downtime and/or harm to our operations, reputation and operating results. A transition of these services to different cloud providers would be difficult, time consuming and costly to implement. In addition, if hosting costs increase over time and/or if we require more computing or storage capacity as a result of subscriber growth or otherwise, our costs could increase disproportionately.
 Risks Related to Intellectual Property
 Our business may suffer if we cannot protect our intellectual property.
 Our business depends on our intellectual property, including our valuable trademarks, copyrighted content and internally developed technology. We believe the protection and monetization of our proprietary trademarks, copyrighted content and patented technology, as well as other intellectual property, is critical to our continued success and our competitive position. Our ability to do so is subject to the inherent limitation in protections available under intellectual property laws in the United States and other applicable jurisdictions. Unauthorized parties have unlawfully misappropriated our brand, content, technology and other intellectual property and may continue to do
 P. 22 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 so, and the measures we have taken to protect and enforce our proprietary rights may not be sufficient to fully address or prevent all third-party infringement.
 Advancements in technology, including advancements in generative AI technology, have made unauthorized copying and wide dissemination of unlicensed content easier, including by anonymous foreign actors. At the same time, detection of unauthorized use of our intellectual property and enforcement of our intellectual property rights have become more challenging, in part due to the increasing volume and sophistication of attempts at unauthorized use of our intellectual property, including from generative AI developers. As our business and the presence and impact of bad actors become more global in scope, we may not be able to protect our proprietary rights in a cost-effective manner in other jurisdictions. In addition, intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed or made available through the internet.
 If we are unable to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, we may not succeed in realizing the full value of our assets, our business and profitability may suffer, and our brand may be tarnished by misuse of our intellectual property. In addition, we are currently engaged in litigation in the United States to enforce our intellectual property rights, and we may in the future be required to do so in the United States or elsewhere, and such litigation may be costly and time consuming. See "Item 3 — Legal Proceedings" for additional information.
 We have been, and may be in the future, subject to claims of intellectual property infringement that could adversely affect our business.
 We periodically receive claims from third parties alleging violations of their intellectual property rights. As the Company publishes more content in a variety of media both on its own platforms and third-party platforms (such as social media), the likelihood of receiving claims of infringement may rise. Defending against intellectual property infringement claims can be time consuming, expensive to litigate and/or settle, and a diversion of management and newsroom attention. In addition, litigation regarding intellectual property rights is inherently uncertain due to the complex issues involved, and we may not be successful in defending ourselves in such matters.
 If we are unsuccessful in defending against third-party intellectual property infringement claims, these claims may require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements on unfavorable terms, alter how we present content to our readers, alter certain of our operations and/or otherwise incur substantial monetary liability. The occurrence of any of these events as a result of these claims could result in substantially increased costs or otherwise adversely affect our business. For claims against us, insurance may be insufficient or unavailable, and for claims related to actions of third parties, either indemnification or remedies against those parties may be insufficient or unavailable.
 Risks Related to Common Stock and Debt
 We may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance and/or targets, which could cause the trading price of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
 From time to time, we publicly announce guidance and targets, including in connection with the number of our subscribers, revenues, costs, profit, capital expenditures and capital return strategy. Our publicly announced guidance and targets are based upon assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and which may change. Given the dynamic nature of our business, and the inherent limitations in predicting future performance, it is possible that some or all of our assumptions and expectations may turn out not to be correct and actual results may vary significantly. In addition, any failure to successfully implement our strategy or the occurrence of any of the other risks and uncertainties described herein could cause our results to differ from our guidance. Furthermore, analysts and investors may develop and publish their own projections of our business, which may form a consensus about our future performance. Our actual business results may vary significantly from that consensus due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Such discrepancies, or the unfavorable reception of our guidance and targets, can cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.
 The terms of our credit facility impose restrictions on our operations that could limit our ability to undertake certain actions.
 We are party to a revolving credit agreement that provides for a $350 million unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Facility"). Certain of our domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Credit Facility.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 23

 The Credit Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, including certain financial covenants and various incurrence-based negative covenants imposing potentially significant restrictions on our operations. These covenants restrict, subject to various exceptions, our ability to, among other things: incur debt (directly or by third-party guarantees), grant liens, pay dividends, make investments, make acquisitions or dispositions, and prepay debt. Any of these restrictions and limitations could make it more difficult for us to execute our business strategy.
 We may not have access to the capital markets on terms that are acceptable to us or may otherwise be limited in our financing options.
 From time to time the Company may need or desire to access the long-term and short-term capital markets to obtain financing. The Company's access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including, but not limited to, the Company's financial performance, its credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, the liquidity of the overall capital markets and the state of the economy. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to have access to the capital markets on terms acceptable to it. In addition, economic conditions, such as volatility or disruption in the credit markets, could adversely affect our ability to obtain financing to support operations or to fund acquisitions or other capital-intensive initiatives.
 Our Class B Common Stock is principally held by descendants of Adolph S. Ochs, through a family trust, and this control could create conflicts of interest or inhibit potential changes of control.
 We have two classes of stock: Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. Holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to elect 30% of the Board of Directors and to vote, with holders of Class B Common Stock, on the reservation of shares for equity grants, certain material acquisitions and the ratification of the selection of our auditors. Holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled to elect the remainder of the Board and to vote on all other matters. Our Class B Common Stock is principally held by descendants of Adolph S. Ochs, who purchased The Times in 1896. A family trust holds approximately 95% of the Class B Common Stock. As a result, the trust has the ability to elect 70% of the Board and to direct the outcome of any matter that does not require a vote of the Class A Common Stock. Under the terms of the trust agreement, the trustees are directed to retain the Class B Common Stock held in trust and to vote such stock against any merger, sale of assets or other transaction pursuant to which control of The Times passes from the trustees, unless they determine that the primary objective of the trust can be achieved better by the implementation of such transaction. Because this concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to our businesses, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could be adversely affected.
 P. 24 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 None.

 ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

 Trust underpins our mission and values and we believe that cybersecurity is important to our success. We are susceptible to a number of cybersecurity threats, including those common to most industries as well as those we face as a global media organization whose systems store and process subscriber, user, employee and other personal and Company data. We, and third parties with which we work and on which we rely, regularly face attempts by malicious actors to breach our security and compromise our information technology systems, and a cybersecurity incident impacting us or any such third party could harm our reputation; require us to expend resources to respond to and recover from such a security incident or defend against further attacks; divert management's attention; subject us to liability; or otherwise adversely affect our business. Because of these risks, we take cybersecurity seriously.
 Under the oversight of our Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee of the Board, we have developed and maintain an information security program that includes technical, administrative and physical measures designed to safeguard our information and information systems. Cybersecurity risk management is integrated into our broader risk management framework. Our approach includes elements that are proactive and adaptive, using security assessments, employee training and continuous improvement of our cybersecurity infrastructure. We work to align our practices with industry and regulatory standards. Our information security program includes response procedures to be followed in the event of a cybersecurity incident that outline steps to be followed from detection to assessment to notification and recovery, including internal notifications to management, the Audit Committee and the Board, as appropriate. Business continuity and disaster recovery plans are used to prepare for the potential for a disruption to systems or processes we rely on.
 Our Board of Directors recognizes the importance of managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats and provides oversight of the Company's information security program. Risk is an integral part of the Board's deliberations throughout the year and the Board exercises its oversight responsibility both directly and through its committees. In particular, the Audit Committee oversees risks relating to information security, including cybersecurity risks. Members of management, including the Company's Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), provide the Audit Committee with updates on cybersecurity and information technology matters at least twice a year, and the Audit Committee and management also provide updates to the Board. In addition to reporting to the Audit Committee and Board, the CISO provides periodic reports to our Chief Executive Officer and other members of our senior management as appropriate. The Audit Committee, or the Board, is notified by the CISO of cybersecurity incidents, as appropriate, in accordance with the Company's incident response processes.
 The Board's risk oversight is enabled by an enterprise risk management program designed to identify, prioritize and assess a broad range of risks, including risks related to cybersecurity, that may affect the Company's ability to execute its corporate strategy and fulfill its business objectives, and to formulate plans to mitigate their effects.
 Our cybersecurity department, led by our CISO, has primary responsibility for our enterprise-wide information security program and our risk management team works closely with our cybersecurity department to evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs on an ongoing basis. Our current CISO has been in that position since October 2022 and has broad information technology experience as a result of that role and past work experience. Our CISO manages a team with broad cybersecurity experience, including in cybersecurity threat management, cybersecurity training and education, incident response, cyber forensics, insider threats, business continuity and disaster recovery, and regulatory compliance. The cybersecurity department receives support to maintain the information security program from other functions, such as information technology, corporate security, internal audit and legal. Our CISO is informed about and monitors prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation efforts through regular communication and reporting from the internal team. We also engage and rely on third parties to support our information security program, such as assessors, consultants, contractors, auditors and other third-party service providers. In addition, we maintain policies and processes to assess and manage risks relating to third-party service providers, based on the nature of the engagement with the third party and based on the information and information systems to which the third party will have access. We maintain policies to conduct due diligence before onboarding new service providers and maintain ongoing evaluations to ensure compliance with our security standards.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 25

 As of the date of this report, no cybersecurity incidents have had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Notwithstanding our ongoing investments in our cybersecurity program, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us. While we maintain cyber risk insurance, the costs relating to certain kinds of security incidents could be substantial, and our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all losses related to any future incidents involving our data or systems.
 See Item 1A. "Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Data Platform, Information Systems and Other Technology — Security incidents and other network and information systems disruptions could affect our ability to conduct our business effectively and damage our reputation" and "— Failure to comply with laws and regulations with respect to privacy, data protection and consumer marketing and subscriptions practices could adversely affect our business" for a discussion of cybersecurity risks that may impact us.

 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 We own and lease various real properties in the U.S. and around the world, including in Europe and Asia. Our principal executive offices are located at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y., in our headquarters building (the "Company Headquarters"), which was completed in 2007 and consists of approximately 1.54 million gross square feet. We own a leasehold condominium interest representing approximately 828,000 gross square feet in the building. As of December 31, 2023, we had leased approximately 296,000 gross square feet to third parties.
 In addition, we own a printing and distribution facility with 570,000 gross square feet located in College Point, N.Y., on a 31-acre site. In 2020, we entered into an agreement to lease, beginning in the second quarter of 2022, and subsequently sell in February 2025, excess land at this location representing approximately four of our 31 acres.
 We believe our facilities are sufficient for our current needs and that suitable additional space will be available to accommodate any expansion of our operations if needed in the future.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 We are involved in various legal actions incidental to our business that are now pending against us. These actions generally assert damages claims that are greatly in excess of the amount, if any, that we would be liable to pay if we lost or settled the cases. We record a liability for legal claims when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Although the Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters, no amount of loss in excess of recorded amounts as of December 31, 2023, is believed to be reasonably possible.
 On December 27, 2023, we filed a lawsuit against Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft"), Open AI Inc. and various of its corporate affiliates (collectively, "OpenAI") in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging copyright infringement, unfair competition, trademark dilution and violations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, related to their unlawful and unauthorized copying and use of our journalism and other content. We are seeking monetary relief, injunctive relief preventing Microsoft and OpenAI from continuing their unlawful, unfair and infringing conduct and other relief. We intend to vigorously pursue all of our legal remedies in this litigation, but there is no guarantee that we will be successful in our efforts.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

 Not applicable.

 P. 26 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 Name
 Age
 Employed By
Registrant Since

Recent Position(s) Held as of February 20, 2024

 A.G. Sulzberger
 2009
 Chairman (since 2021) and Publisher of The Times (since 2018); Deputy Publisher (2016 to 2017); Associate Editor (2015 to 2016); Assistant Editor (2012 to 2015)

 Meredith Kopit Levien
 2013
 President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2020); Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2017 to 2020); Executive Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer (2015 to 2017); Executive Vice President, Advertising (2013 to 2015); Chief Revenue Officer, Forbes Media LLC (2011 to 2013)

 William Bardeen
 2004
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since July 2023); Chief Strategy Officer (2018 to 2023); Senior Vice President, Strategy and Development (2013 to 2018); Corporate Development, Business Development and Strategic Planning roles (2004 to 2013)

 R. Anthony Benten
 1989
 Senior Vice President, Treasurer (since 2016) and Chief Accounting Officer (since 2019); Corporate Controller (2007 to 2019); Senior Vice President, Finance (2008 to 2016)

 Diane Brayton
 2004
 Executive Vice President and General Counsel (since 2017); Secretary (2011 to 2023); Interim Executive Vice President, Talent & Inclusion (2020 to 2021); Deputy General Counsel (2016); Assistant Secretary (2009 to 2011) and Assistant General Counsel (2009 to 2016)

 Jacqueline Welch
 2021
 Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer (since 2021); Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer and Chief Diversity Officer, Freddie Mac (2016 to 2020); independent consultant (2014 to 2016); Senior Vice President, Human Resources – International (2010 to 2013) and Senior Vice President, Talent Management and Diversity (2008 to 2010), Turner Broadcasting

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 27

 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 MARKET INFORMATION
 The Class A Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol "NYT." The Class B Common Stock is unlisted and is not actively traded.
 The number of security holders of record as of February 14, 2024, was as follows: Class A Common Stock: 4,427; Class B Common Stock: 25.
 In February 2024, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.13 per share, an increase of $0.02 per share from the previous quarter. We currently expect to continue to pay comparable cash dividends in the future, although changes in our dividend program may be considered by our Board of Directors in light of our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors considered relevant. In addition, our Board of Directors will consider restrictions in any future indebtedness.
 ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES(1)

 Period
 Total number of
shares of Class A
Common Stock
purchased
(a)
 Average
price paid
per share of
Class A
Common Stock
(b)
 Total number of
shares of Class A
Common Stock
purchased
as part of
publicly
announced plans
or programs
(c)
 Maximum
number (or
approximate
dollar value)
of shares of
Class A
Common
Stock that may
yet be
purchased
under the plans
or programs
(d)

 October 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023
 19,043
 $
 39.96
 19,043
 $
 250,677,000

 November 1, 2023 - November 30, 2023
 5,000
 $
 39.97
 5,000
 $
 250,478,000

 December 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023
 —
 $
 —
 —
 $
 250,478,000

 Total for the fourth quarter of 2023
 24,043
 $
 39.98
 24,043
 $
 250,478,000

 (1)In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $150.0 million Class A stock repurchase program. In February 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $250.0 million Class A share repurchase program in addition to the amount remaining under the 2022 authorization. The authorizations provide that shares of Class A Common Stock may be purchased from time to time as market conditions warrant, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Through February 14, 2024, the aggregate purchase price of repurchases under these programs totaled approximately $170.5 million (excluding commissions), fully utilizing the 2022 authorization and leaving approximately $229.5 million remaining under the 2023 authorization. There is no expiration date with respect to these authorizations.
 P. 28 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 PERFORMANCE PRESENTATION
 The following graph shows the annual cumulative total stockholder return for the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, on an assumed investment of $100 on December 31, 2018, in the Company, the Standard & Poor's S&P 400 MidCap Stock Index and the Standard & Poor's S&P 1500 Media & Entertainment Index. Stockholder return is measured by dividing (a) the sum of (i) the cumulative amount of dividends declared for the measurement period, assuming reinvestment of dividends, and (ii) the difference between the issuer's share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period, by (b) the share price at the beginning of the measurement period. As a result, stockholder return includes both dividends and stock appreciation.
 Stock Performance Comparison Between the S&P 400 Midcap Index,
 S&P 1500 Media & Entertainment Index and The New York Times Company's Class A Common Stock

 ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 29

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated financial condition as of December 31, 2023, and results of operations for the two years ended December 31, 2023. Please read this item together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes included in this Annual Report. For comparison of results of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 26, 2021, see Part II, Item 7 of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023.
 On February 1, 2022, we acquired The Athletic Media Company, a global digital subscription-based sports media business that provides national and local coverage of clubs and teams in the United States and around the world, and beginning in the first quarter of 2022, the Company has two reportable segments: The New York Times Group and The Athletic. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this acquisition.
 In 2022, the Company adopted a change to its fiscal calendar and as a result, there were five fewer days in fiscal year 2023 compared with 2022.
 Significant components of the management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition section include:

 PAGE

 Executive Overview:

 The executive overview section provides a summary of The New York Times Company and our business.

 Results of Operations:

 The results of operations section provides an analysis of our results on a consolidated basis and segment information.

 Non-Operating and Non-GAAP Items:

 The non-operating and non-GAAP items section provides a comparison of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures for the two years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources:

 The liquidity and capital resources section provides a discussion of our cash flows for the two years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and restricted cash, capital expenditures and third-party financing, commitments and contingencies existing as of December 31, 2023.

 Critical Accounting Estimates:

 The critical accounting policies and estimates section provides detail with respect to accounting policies that are considered by management to require significant judgment and use of estimates and that could have a significant impact on our financial statements.

 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
 We are a global media organization focused on creating and distributing high-quality news and information that helps our audience understand and engage with the world. We believe that our original, independent and high-quality reporting, storytelling, expertise and journalistic excellence set us apart from other news organizations and are at the heart of what makes our journalism worth paying for. For further information, see "Item 1 — Business – Overview" and "– Our Strategy."
 We generate revenues principally from the sale of subscriptions and advertising. Subscription revenues consist of revenues from standalone and multi-product bundle subscriptions to our digital products and subscriptions to and single-copy and bulk sales of our print products. Advertising revenue is derived from the sale of our advertising products and services. Other revenues primarily consist of revenues from Wirecutter affiliate referrals, licensing, commercial printing, the leasing of floors in our Company Headquarters, television and film, retail commerce, our live events business and our student subscription sponsorship program. Our main operating costs are employee-related costs.
 P. 30 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Beginning with the third quarter of 2023, we have updated our presentation of total operating costs to include operating items that are outside the ordinary course of our operations ("special items"). These items have been previously presented separate from operating costs and included in operating profit. We recast operating costs for the prior periods in order to present comparable financial results. There was no change to consolidated operating profit, net income or cash flows as a result of this change.
 In the accompanying analysis of financial information, we present certain information derived from our consolidated financial information but not presented in our financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"). We are presenting in this report supplemental non-GAAP financial performance measures that exclude depreciation, amortization, severance, non-operating retirement costs and certain identified special items, as applicable. In addition, we present our free cash flow, defined as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. For further information and reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, see "— Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
 This report includes a discussion of the estimated impact of the five fewer days on our year-over-year comparison of revenues where meaningful. Management believes that estimating the impact of the five fewer days on the Company's operating costs and operating profit presents challenges and, therefore, no such estimate is made with respect to these items. For further detail on the impact of the five fewer days on our results, see the discussion below and "— Results of Operations-Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
 2023 Financial Highlights
 • The Company added approximately 880,000 net digital-only subscribers compared with the end of 2022, fueled by bundle and multi-product subscriber additions.
 • Total digital-only average revenue per user ("ARPU") grew 2.6% year-over-year to $9.18 driven primarily by subscribers graduating from promotional to higher prices and price increases on tenured non-bundled subscribers.
 • Operating profit increased 36.8% to $276.3 million in 2023 from $202.0 million in 2022. Operating profit before depreciation, amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items discussed below under "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" (or "adjusted operating profit," a non-GAAP measure) increased 12.0% to $389.9 million in 2023 from $347.9 million in 2022. Operating profit margin (operating profit expressed as a percentage of revenues) increased to 11.4% in 2023, compared with 8.7% in 2022. Adjusted operating profit margin (adjusted operating profit expressed as a percentage of revenues) increased to 16.1% in 2023, compared with 15.1% in 2022.
 • Total revenues increased 5.1% to $2.43 billion in 2023 from $2.31 billion in 2022.
 • Total subscription revenues increased 6.7% to $1.66 billion in 2023 from $1.55 billion in 2022. Digital-only subscription revenues increased 12.4% to $1,099.4 million in 2023 from $978.6 million in 2022. The Company ended 2023 with approximately 10.36 million subscribers across its print and digital products, including approximately 9.70 million digital-only subscribers. Of the 9.70 million digital-only subscribers, approximately 4.22 million were bundle and multiproduct subscribers. Compared with the end of 2022, there was a net increase of 880,000 digital-only subscribers.
 • Total advertising revenues decreased 3.5% to $505.2 million in 2023 from $523.3 million in 2022, due to a decrease of 8.5% in print advertising revenues and a decrease of 0.2% in digital advertising revenues.
 • Other revenue increased 13.8% year-over-year as a result of continued strength in licensing and Wirecutter affiliate referral revenues.
 • Operating costs increased 2.1% to $2.15 billion in 2023 from $2.11 billion in 2022. Operating costs before depreciation, amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items (or "adjusted operating costs," a non-GAAP measure) increased 3.9% to $2.04 billion in 2023 from $1.96 billion in 2022.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 31

 • Diluted earnings per share were $1.40 and $1.04 for 2023 and 2022, respectively. Diluted earnings per share excluding amortization of acquired intangible assets, severance, non-operating retirement costs and special items discussed below under "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" (or "adjusted diluted earnings per share," a non-GAAP measure) were $1.63 and $1.32 for 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 • Net cash from operating activities for 2023 was $360.6 million and free cash flow (net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures, a non-GAAP measure) was $337.9 million compared with $113.7 million in 2022.
 Industry Trends, Economic Conditions, Challenges and Risks
 We operate in a highly competitive environment that is subject to rapid change. Companies shaping our competitive environment include content providers and distributors, as well as news aggregators, search engines, social media platforms and emerging products and tools powered by generative AI. Competition among these companies is robust, and new competitors can quickly emerge. We have designed our strategy to take advantage of both the challenges and opportunities presented by this period of transformation in our industry.
 We and the companies with which we do business are subject to risks and uncertainties caused by factors beyond our control, including economic, geopolitical and public health conditions. These include economic weakness, instability, uncertainty and volatility, including the potential for a recession; a competitive labor market and evolving workforce expectations, including for unionized employees; inflation; supply chain disruptions; rising interest rates; and political and sociopolitical uncertainties and conflicts (including the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war). These factors may result in declines and/or volatility in our results.
 We believe the macroeconomic environment has had and may in the future have an adverse impact on both digital and print advertising spending. Additionally, we believe that there may be marketer sensitivity to some news topics, impacting overall advertising spend.
 We are experiencing a competitive labor market and pressure on compensation and benefit costs for certain employees, mainly in technology roles. In addition, although we have not seen a significant impact from inflation on our recent financial results to date, if inflation increases for an extended period, our employee-related costs are likely to increase. Our printing and distribution costs also have been impacted in the past and may be further impacted in the future by inflation and higher costs, including those associated with raw materials, delivery costs and/or utilities.
 The media industry has transitioned from being primarily print focused to digital, resulting in secular declines in both print subscription and print advertising revenues, and we do not expect this trend to reverse. We actively monitor industry trends, economic conditions, challenges and risks to remain flexible and to optimize and evolve our business as appropriate; however, the full impact they will have on our business, operations and financial results is uncertain and will depend on numerous factors and future developments. The risks related to our business are further described in the section titled "Item 1A — Risk Factors."
 Liquidity
 Throughout 2023, we returned capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases and continued to manage our pension liability as discussed below. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $709 million and was debt-free.
 P. 32 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Capital Return
 The Company aims to return at least 50% of free cash flow to stockholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases over the next three to five years.
 We have paid quarterly dividends on the Class A and Class B Common Stock each quarter since late 2013. In February 2024, The Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.13 per share, an increase of $0.02 per share from the previous quarter. We currently expect to continue to pay comparable cash dividends in the future, although changes in our dividend program will be considered by our Board of Directors in light of our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors considered relevant.
 In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $150.0 million Class A share repurchase program. In February 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $250.0 million Class A share repurchase program in addition to the amount remaining under the 2022 authorization. The authorizations provide that shares of Class A Common Stock may be purchased from time to time as market conditions warrant, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Through February 14, 2024, we repurchased 4,761,893 shares under these authorizations for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $170.5 million (excluding commissions), fully utilizing the 2022 authorization and leaving approximately $229.5 million remaining under the 2023 authorization. We expect to repurchase shares to offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation program and to return capital to our stockholders. There is no expiration date with respect to these authorizations.
 Managing Pension Liability
 We remain focused on managing our pension plan obligations. We have taken steps over the last several years to reduce the size and volatility of our pension obligations, including freezing accruals under all but one of our qualified defined benefit pension plans, making immediate pension benefits offers in the form of lump-sum payments to certain former employees and transferring certain future benefit obligations and administrative costs to insurers.
 As of December 31, 2023, our qualified pension plans had plan assets that were approximately $83 million above the present value of future benefits obligations, compared with approximately $70 million as of December 31, 2022. We made contributions of approximately $10 million and $11 million to certain qualified pension plans in 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect to make contributions in 2024 to satisfy minimum funding requirements of approximately $13 million. We will continue to look for ways to reduce the size and volatility of our pension obligations.
 While we have made significant progress in our liability-driven investment strategy to reduce the funding volatility of our qualified pension plans, the size of our pension plan obligations relative to the size of our current operations will continue to have an impact on our reported financial results. We expect to continue to experience volatility in our pension costs, particularly due to the impact of changing discount rates, long-term return on plan assets and mortality assumptions on our qualified and non-qualified pension plans. We may also incur additional withdrawal obligations related to multiemployer plans in which we participate, as well as multiemployer plans from which we previously withdrew.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 33

 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 Overview
 Fiscal year 2023 was composed of 52 weeks, and fiscal year 2022 was composed of 52 weeks and an additional five days. The following table presents our consolidated financial results:

2023
2022

 Digital
 $
 1,099,439
 $
 978,574
 12.4

 Print
 556,714
 573,788
 (3.0)

 Subscription revenues
 6.7

 Digital
 317,744
 318,440
 (0.2)

 Print
 187,462
 204,848
 (8.5)

 Advertising revenues
 (3.5)

 Other
 13.8

 5.1

 Operating costs

 1,249,061
 1,208,933
 3.3

 260,227
 267,553
 (2.7)

 228,804
 204,185
 12.1

 311,039
 289,259
 7.5

 4.2

 —
 *

 4,069
 *

 (605)
 *

 Total operating costs(1)

 2,149,880
 2,106,354
 2.1

 Operating profit
 276,272
 201,967
 36.8

 Other components of net periodic benefit (income)/costs
 (2,737)
 6,659
 *

 Gain from joint ventures
 2,477
 —
 *

 Interest income and other, net
 21,102
 40,691
 (48.1)

 Income before income taxes
 302,588
 235,999
 28.2

 69,836
 62,094
 12.5

 33.8

 Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
 (365)
 —
 —

 Net income attributable to The New York Times Company common stockholders
 $
 232,387
 $
 33.6

 (1) The year ended December 31, 2022 was recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs. See "Executive Overview" for more details.
 * Represents a change equal to or in excess of 100% or one that is not meaningful.

 P. 34 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Subscription, advertising and other revenues were as follows:

2023
2022

 $
 $
 6.7

 (3.5)

 Other
 13.8

 Total
 $
 $
 5.1

 Subscription Revenues
 Subscription revenues consist of revenues from subscriptions to our digital and print products (which include our news product, as well as The Athletic and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products), and single-copy and bulk sales of our print products (which represent less than 5% of these revenues). Subscription revenues are based on both the number of digital-only subscriptions and copies of the printed newspaper sold, and the rates charged to the respective customers.
 We offer a digital-only bundle that includes access to our digital news product (which includes our news website, NYTimes.com, and mobile and Audio applications), as well as The Athletic and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products. Our subscriptions also include standalone digital subscriptions to our digital news product, as well as to The Athletic, and to our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products.
 Subscription revenues increased $103.8 million, or 6.7%, in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily due to an increase in digital-only subscription revenues of $120.9 million, or 12.4%, partially offset by a decrease in print subscription revenues of $17.1 million, or 3.0% and the impact of five fewer days in the year. Digital-only subscription revenues increased primarily due to an increase in bundle and multiproduct revenues of $151.5 million and an increase in other single-product subscription revenues of $12.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in news-only subscription revenues of $42.9 million and the impact of five fewer days in the year. Bundle and multiproduct average digital-only subscribers increased 1,350,000, or 67.8%, while bundle and multiproduct ARPU decreased $2.80, or 17.7%. Other single-product average digital-only subscribers increased 420,000, or 20.1%, while other single-product ARPU decreased $0.22, or 5.8%. News-only average digital-only subscribers decreased 860,000, or 20.6%, while news-only ARPU increased $1.30, or 15.8%. Print subscription revenue decreased primarily due to a decrease in home-delivery subscription revenue, which was driven by a lower number of average print subscribers, reflecting secular trends and the impact of five fewer days in the year, partially offset by an increase in domestic home-delivery prices.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 35

 The following table summarizes digital and print subscription revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

 Digital-only subscription revenues(1)

 $
 1,099,439
 $
 978,574
 12.4

 Print subscription revenues(2)

 556,714
 573,788
 (3.0)

 Total subscription revenues
 $
 $
 6.7

 (1) Includes revenue from bundled and standalone subscriptions to our news product, as well as The Athletic and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products.

 (2) Includes domestic home-delivery subscriptions, which include access to our digital products. Also includes single-copy, NYT International and Other subscription revenues.

 A subscriber is defined as a customer who has subscribed (and provided a valid method of payment) for the right to access one or more of the Company's products. The Company ended 2023 with approximately 10.36 million subscribers to its print and digital products, including approximately 9.70 million digital-only subscribers. Compared with 2022, there was a net increase of 880,000 digital-only subscribers.
 Print domestic home-delivery subscribers totaled approximately 660,000 at the end of 2023, a net decrease of 70,000 subscribers compared with the end of 2022. Subscribers with a domestic home-delivery print subscription to The New York Times, which includes access to our digital products, are excluded from digital-only subscribers.
 Beginning with the second quarter of 2023, we report three mutually exclusive digital-only subscriber categories: bundle and multiproduct, news-only and other single-product, which collectively sum to Total digital-only subscribers, as well as the ARPU for each of these categories.
 The following table sets forth subscribers as of the end of the five most recent fiscal quarters:

 September 30, 2023
 June 30, 2023
 March 31, 2023

 Digital-only subscribers:

 Bundle and multiproduct (1)(2)

 4,220
 3,790
 3,300
 3,020
 2,500

 News-only (2)(3)

 2,740
 3,020
 3,320
 3,580
 3,920

 Other single-product (2)(4)

 2,740
 2,600
 2,580
 2,420
 2,410

 Total digital-only subscribers (2)(5)

 9,700
 9,410
 9,190
 9,020
 8,830

 Print subscribers(6)

 Total subscribers
 10,360
 10,080
 9,880
 9,730
 9,550

 (1) Subscribers with a bundle subscription or standalone digital-only subscriptions to two or more of the Company's products.

 (2) Includes group corporate and group education subscriptions, which collectively represented approximately 6% of total digital-only subscribers as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2023. The number of group subscribers is derived using the value of the relevant contract and a discounted subscription rate.

 (3) Subscribers with only a digital-only news product subscription.

 (4) Subscribers with only one digital-only subscription to The Athletic or to our Cooking, Games or Wirecutter products.

 (5) Subscribers with digital-only subscriptions to one or more of our news product, The Athletic, or our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products.

 (6) Subscribers with a domestic home-delivery or mail print subscription to The New York Times, which includes access to our digital products, or a print subscription to our Book Review or Large Type Weekly products.

 The sum of individual metrics may not always equal total amounts indicated due to rounding. Subscribers (including net subscriber additions) are rounded to the nearest ten thousand.

 P. 36 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The following table sets forth the subset of subscribers above who have a paid digital-only standalone subscription or a bundle subscription that includes the ability to access The Athletic as of the end of the five most recent fiscal quarters:

 September 30, 2023
 June 30, 2023
 March 31, 2023

 Digital-only subscribers with The Athletic (1)(2)

 4,650
 4,180
 3,640
 3,270
 2,680

 (1) In June 2022, we provided all bundle subscribers with the ability to access The Athletic and all bundle subscribers are included in this metric.

 (2) Subscribers (including net subscriber additions) are rounded to the nearest ten thousand.

 ARPU, a metric we calculate to track the revenue generation of our digital subscriber base, represents the average revenue per subscriber over a 28-day billing cycle during the applicable period. The following table sets forth ARPU metrics relating to the above digital-only subscriber categories for the two most recent fiscal years:

 Digital-only ARPU:

 Bundle and multiproduct
 $
 13.05
 $
 15.85

 News-only
 $
 9.54
 $
 8.24

 Other single-product
 $
 3.57
 $
 3.79

 Total digital-only ARPU
 $
 9.18
 $
 8.95

 ARPU metrics are calculated by dividing the digital subscription revenue in the year by the average number of digital-only subscribers divided by the number of days in the year multiplied by 28 to reflect a 28-day billing cycle. In calculating ARPU metrics, for our subscriber categories (Bundle and multiproduct, News-only and Other single-product), we use the weighted average of monthly average number of digital-only subscribers (calculated as the sum of the number of subscribers in each category at the beginning and end of the month, divided by two) and for Total digital-only ARPU, we use the weighted average daily average number of digital-only subscribers.

 Total digital-only ARPU was $9.18 for December 31, 2023, an increase of 2.6% compared with December 31, 2022. The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by subscribers graduating from promotional to higher prices and price increases on tenured non-bundled subscribers.
 Advertising Revenues
 Advertising revenue is principally from advertisers (such as technology, financial and luxury goods companies) promoting products, services or brands on digital platforms in the form of display ads, audio and video ads, in print in the form of column-inch ads and at live events. Advertising revenue is primarily derived from offerings sold directly to marketers by our advertising sales teams. A smaller proportion of our total advertising revenues is generated through open-market programmatic auctions run by third-party ad exchanges. Advertising revenue is primarily determined by the volume (e.g., impressions or column inches), rate and mix of advertisements. Digital advertising includes our core digital advertising business and other digital advertising. Our core digital advertising business includes direct-sold website, mobile application, podcast, email and video advertisements (including direct-sold programmatic advertising). Direct-sold display advertising, a component of core digital advertising, includes offerings on websites and mobile applications sold directly to marketers by our advertising sales teams. Other digital advertising includes open-market programmatic advertising and creative services fees. NYTG has revenue from all categories discussed above. The Athletic has revenue from direct-sold display advertising (including direct-sold programmatic advertising), podcast, email and video advertisements and open-market programmatic advertising. Print advertising includes revenue from column-inch ads and classified advertising, as well as preprinted advertising, also known as freestanding inserts. There is no print advertising revenue generated from The Athletic, which does not have a print product.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 37

 The following table summarizes digital and print advertising revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

 Advertising revenues

 Digital
 $
 317,744
 $
 318,440
 (0.2)
 %

 Print
 187,462
 204,848
 (8.5)
 %

 Total advertising
 $
 $
 (3.5)
 %

 Digital advertising revenues, which represented 62.9% of the total advertising revenues in 2023, decreased $0.7 million, or 0.2%, to $317.7 million compared with $318.4 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily a result of the impact of five fewer days in the year and lower other digital revenues of $1.4 million, partially offset by higher revenues in core digital advertising of $6.3 million. Core digital advertising revenues increased due to higher direct-sold display advertising, partially offset by a decrease in podcast advertising revenues and the impact of five fewer days in the year. Direct-sold display impressions increased 17%, while the average rate decrease was de minimis. Other digital advertising revenue decreased primarily due to a decrease in creative services fees as a result of fewer advertising campaigns in 2023, partially offset by an increase in open-market programmatic advertising revenues. Programmatic impressions increased 54%, while the average rate decreased 28%.
 Print advertising revenues, which represented 37.1% of total advertising revenues in 2023, decreased $17.4 million, or 8.5%, to $187.5 million compared with $204.8 million in 2022. The decrease in 2023 was due to a 6.3% decrease in print advertising rate and a 2.4% decrease in column-inches. Print advertising revenue in 2023 continues to be impacted by secular trends.
 In addition, we believe the macroeconomic environment has had and may in the future have an adverse impact on both digital and print advertising spending. Additionally, we believe that there may be marketer sensitivity to some news topics, impacting overall advertising spend.
 Other Revenues
 Other revenues primarily consist of revenues from Wirecutter affiliate referrals, licensing, commercial printing, the leasing of floors in our Company Headquarters, television and film, retail commerce, our live events business and our student subscription sponsorship program. Digital other revenues, which consist primarily of Wirecutter affiliate referral revenue, digital licensing revenue and our student subscription sponsorship program, totaled $152.0 million and $114.6 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Building rental revenue from the leasing of floors in the Company Headquarters totaled $27.2 million and $28.5 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
 Other revenues increased $32.1 million, or 13.8% in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily as a result of an increase in licensing revenues of $16.0 million, primarily related to a Google commercial agreement, partially offset by licensing revenue related to the Facebook News agreement, which ended in the fourth quarter of 2022; growth in Wirecutter revenues of $15.8 million driven by affiliate referral revenues, and an increase in books; television and film revenues of $5.4 million, partially offset by the impact of five fewer days in the year.
 P. 38 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Operating Costs
 Operating costs were as follows:

2023
2022

 Operating costs:

 $
 1,249,061
 $
 1,208,933
 3.3

 260,227
 267,553
 (2.7)

 228,804
 204,185
 12.1

 311,039
 289,259
 7.5

 4.2

 —
 *

 4,069
 *

 (605)
 *

 Total operating costs
 $
 2,149,880
 $
 2,106,354
 2.1

 (1) Recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs. See "Executive Overview" for more details.

 The components of operating costs as a percentage of total operating costs were as follows:

2023
2022

 Components of operating costs as a percentage of total operating costs

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 —
 %
 %

 %
 %

 —
 %
 —
 %

 Total
 %
 %

 (1) Recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs. See "Executive Overview" for more details.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 39

 The components of operating costs as a percentage of total revenues were as follows:

2023
2022

 Components of operating costs as a percentage of total revenues

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 %
 %

 —
 %
 %

 %
 —
 %

 —
 %
 %

 Total
 %
 %

 (1) Recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs. See "Executive Overview" for more details.

 Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization)
 Cost of revenue includes all costs related to content creation, subscriber and advertiser servicing, and print production and distribution as well as infrastructure costs related to delivering digital content, which include all cloud and cloud-related costs as well as compensation for employees that enhance and maintain that infrastructure.
 Cost of revenue in 2023 increased $40.1 million, or 3.3%, compared with 2022, largely due to higher journalism costs of $54.4 million, higher digital content delivery costs of $6.5 million, and higher subscriber servicing costs of $3.1 million, partially offset by lower advertising servicing costs of $14.7 million and lower print production and distribution costs of $9.2 million. The increase in journalism costs was largely due to higher compensation and benefits, which was driven by growth in the number of employees who work in our newsrooms, merit increases and higher content creation costs as a result of additional television episodes in 2023. The increase in digital content delivery costs was largely due to higher compensation and benefits driven by growth in the number of employees and higher cloud-related costs. The increase in subscriber servicing costs was largely due to higher credit card processing fees and third-party commissions due to increased subscriptions and an increase in the number of employees, partially offset by lower customer care costs. Advertising servicing costs decreased primarily due to fewer live events in 2023 and a decrease in the number of employees. The decrease in print production and distribution costs was primarily due to fewer print copies produced and lower compensation driven by production staffing efficiencies, partially offset by higher paper pricing.
 Sales and Marketing
 Sales and marketing include costs related to the Company's subscription and brand marketing efforts as well as advertising sales costs.
 Sales and marketing costs in 2023 decreased $7.3 million, or 2.7%, compared with 2022, primarily due to lower marketing costs of $14.9 million, offset by higher sales costs of $7.6 million. The decrease in marketing costs was primarily due to lower media expenses. The increase in sales costs was primarily due to higher compensation and benefits, largely driven by an increase in the number of sales employees.
 Media expenses, a component of sales and marketing costs that represents the cost to promote our subscription business, decreased 12.3% to $117.7 million in 2023 from $134.1 million in 2022. The decrease was largely a result of lower brand marketing expenses.
 P. 40 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Product Development
 Product development includes costs associated with the Company's investment in developing and enhancing new and existing product technology, including engineering, product development and data insights.
 Product development costs in 2023 increased $24.6 million, or 12.1%, compared with 2022, largely due to growth in the number of digital product development employees in connection with digital subscription strategic initiatives.
 General and Administrative Costs
 General and administrative costs include general management, corporate enterprise technology, building operations, unallocated overhead, severance and multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs.
 General and administrative costs in 2023 increased $21.8 million, or 7.5%, compared with 2022, primarily due to higher compensation and benefits of $14.1 million driven by merit increases and incentive compensation, stock price appreciation on stock-based awards of $4.6 million as well as higher cybersecurity costs and software licenses of $3.1 million.
 Depreciation and Amortization
 Depreciation and amortization costs in 2023 increased $3.5 million, or 4.2%, compared with 2022. The increase was due to the impact from the additional month of The Athletic costs in 2023, as well as assets placed in service in connection with the improvements in our Company Headquarters in 2022.
 Acquisition-Related Costs
 In the second quarter of 2022, the Company recorded $34.7 million of acquisition-related costs, which primarily included expenses paid in connection with the acceleration of The Athletic stock options and legal, accounting, financial advisory and integration planning expenses. There were no such costs recorded in 2023.
 Impairment Charges
 In 2023, the Company recorded a $12.7 million impairment charge related to excess leased office space that is being marketed for sublet (the "lease-related impairment").
 In 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $2.5 million and $4.1 million, respectively, related to an indefinite-lived intangible asset.
 Multiemployer Pension Plan Liability Adjustment
 In 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded favorable adjustments related to a reduction in its multiemployer pension plan liability of $2.3 million and $7.1 million, respectively.
 In 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded charges of $1.7 million and $22.1 million, respectively, in connection with its withdrawal from multiemployer pension plans.
 Segment Information
 Since the acquisition of The Athletic in the first quarter of 2022, we have had two reportable segments: The New York Times Group ("NYTG") and The Athletic. Management uses adjusted operating profit (loss) by segment in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company includes in its presentation revenues and adjusted operating costs to arrive at adjusted operating profit (loss) by segment. Adjusted operating costs are defined as operating costs before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items. Adjusted operating profit is defined as operating profit before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items. Adjusted operating profit expressed as a percentage of revenues is referred to as adjusted operating profit margin.
 Subscription revenues from and expenses associated with our bundle are allocated to NYTG and The Athletic. The Athletic was first introduced into our bundle in June 2022. Therefore, The Athletic's results for 2022 include bundle revenues and expenses for only six months of the year, whereas 2023 includes bundle revenue and expenses for the entire year.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 41

 Prior to April 1, 2023, we allocated bundle revenues first to our digital news product based on its standalone list price and then the remaining bundle revenues were allocated to the other products in the bundle, including The Athletic, based on their relative standalone list prices. Starting April 1, 2023, we allocate 10% of bundle revenues to The Athletic based on management's view of The Athletic's relative value to the bundle, which is derived based on analysis of various metrics, and allocate the remaining bundle revenues to NYTG.
 Prior to April 1, 2023, we allocated to NYTG and The Athletic direct variable expenses associated with the bundle, which include credit card fees, third-party fees and sales taxes, based on a historical actual percentage of these costs to bundle revenues. Starting April 1, 2023, we allocate 10% of product development, marketing and subscriber servicing expenses (including the direct variable expenses referenced above) associated with the bundle to The Athletic, and the remaining costs are allocated to NYTG, in each case, in line with the revenues allocations.
 For comparison purposes, the Company has recast segment results for 2022 to reflect the updated allocation methodology.
 The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022, the date of the acquisition. Results for the 12 months of 2022 included The Athletic for approximately 11 months, while results for the 12 months of 2023 included the Athletic for the full 12 months.

 (in thousands)
2023
2022

 (52 weeks and five days)(1)(2)

 NYTG
 $
 2,295,537
 $
 2,223,676
 3.2
 %

 131,271
 84,645
 55.1
 %

 Intersegment eliminations(3)

 (656)
 —
 *

 $
 $
 5.1
 %

 Adjusted operating costs

 NYTG
 $
 1,874,256
 $
 1,834,627
 2.2
 %

 162,701
 125,763
 29.4
 %

 Intersegment eliminations(3)

 (656)
 —
 *

 Total adjusted operating costs
 $
 2,036,301
 $
 1,960,390
 3.9
 %

 Adjusted operating profit

 NYTG
 $
 421,281
 $
 389,049
 8.3
 %

 (31,430)
 (41,118)
 (23.6)
 %

 Total adjusted operating profit
 $
 389,851
 $
 347,931
 12.0
 %

 Adjusted operating profit margin % - NYTG
 18.4
 %
 17.5
 %
 90 bps

 (1) Recast to reflect updated bundle allocation methodology.

 (2) Recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs. See "Executive Overview" for more details.

 (3) Intersegment eliminations ("I/E") related to content licensing.

 P. 42 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Revenues detail by segment

 (in thousands)

 NYTG

 $
 1,555,705
 $
 1,480,295
 5.1
 %

 477,261
 511,321
 (6.7)
 %

 Other
 262,571
 232,060
 13.1
 %

 Total
 $
 2,295,537
 $
 2,223,676
 3.2
 %

 $
 100,448
 $
 72,067
 39.4
 %

 27,945
 11,967
 *

 Other
 2,878
 *

 Total
 $
 131,271
 $
 84,645
 55.1
 %

 I/E(2)

 $
 (656)
 $
 —
 *

 The New York Times Company

 $
 $
 6.7
 %

 (3.5)
 %

 Other
 13.8
 %

 Total
 $
 $
 5.1
 %

 (1) Recast to reflect updated bundle allocation methodology.

 (2) I/E related to content licensing recorded in Other revenues.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 43

 Adjusted operating costs (operating costs before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items) detail by segment

 (in thousands)

 NYTG

 $
 1,157,527
 $
 1,134,553
 2.0
 %

 223,464
 242,333
 (7.8)
 %

 203,813
 187,434
 8.7
 %

 Adjusted general and administrative(2)

 289,452
 270,307
 7.1
 %

 Total
 $
 1,874,256
 $
 1,834,627
 2.2
 %

 $
 92,190
 $
 74,380
 23.9
 %

 36,763
 25,220
 45.8
 %

 24,991
 16,751
 49.2
 %

 Adjusted general and administrative(3)

 8,757
 9,412
 (7.0)
 %

 Total
 $
 162,701
 $
 125,763
 29.4
 %

 I/E(4)

 (656)
 —
 *

 The New York Times Company

 $
 1,249,061
 $
 1,208,933
 3.3
 %

 260,227
 267,553
 (2.7)
 %

 228,804
 204,185
 12.1
 %

 Adjusted general and administrative
 298,209
 279,719
 6.6
 %

 Total
 $
 2,036,301
 $
 1,960,390
 3.9
 %

 (1) Recast to reflect updated bundle allocation methodology.

 (2) Excludes severance of $6.4 million and $4.5 million for the 12 months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Excludes multiemployer pension withdrawal costs of $5.2 million and $4.9 million for the 12 months of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 (3) Excludes severance of $1.2 million and $0.2 million for the 12 months of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 (4) I/E related to content licensing recorded in Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization).

 The New York Times Group
 NYTG revenues increased in 2023 to $2.3 billion from $2.2 billion in 2022. Subscription revenues increased 5.1% in 2023 to $1.6 billion from $1.5 billion in 2022 due to growth in subscription revenues from digital-only products, partially offset by decreases in print subscription revenues. Both digital and print subscription revenues were impacted by the five fewer days in 2023. Advertising revenues decreased 6.7% in 2023 to $477.3 million from $511.3 million in 2022 due to lower print advertising revenue, as well as lower digital advertising revenues, primarily as a result of lower revenues from podcasts, creative services and the impact of five fewer days in the year, which were partially offset by higher programmatic advertising. Print advertising revenue was impacted by secular trends. In addition, we believe the macroeconomic environment adversely impacted both digital and print advertising spending.
 P. 44 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 NYTG adjusted operating costs increased 2.2% in 2023 to $1.9 billion from $1.8 billion in 2022. The increase in costs in both periods was primarily related to growth in the numbers of employees who work in the newsroom as well as higher general and administrative and product development costs, partially offset by lower sales and marketing costs as well as advertising servicing costs.
 NYTG adjusted operating profit increased 8.3% in 2023 to $421.3 million from $389.0 million in 2022. The increase in 2023 was primarily as a result of higher digital subscription and other revenues, partially offset by higher adjusted operating costs and lower advertising revenues.
 The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022, the date of the acquisition. Results for 2022 included The Athletic for approximately 11 months, while results for 2023 included the Athletic for the full 12 months.
 The Athletic's revenues increased 55.1% in 2023 to $131.3 million from $84.6 million in 2022. Subscription revenues increased 39.4% in 2023 to $100.4 million from $72.1 million in 2022, primarily due to the impact from the additional month of revenues in 2023, as well as the impact of additional months of bundle-related revenues in 2023 and growth in digital-only subscribers with The Athletic. Advertising revenues increased to $27.9 million from $12.0 million in 2022, primarily due to the launch of display advertising in the third quarter of 2022.
 The Athletic's adjusted operating costs increased 29.4% in 2023 to $162.7 million from $125.8 million in 2022. The increase in costs in 2023 was primarily due to higher sales and marketing costs, journalism costs and product development costs, primarily due to the impact from the additional month of costs in 2023, as well as the impact of the additional months of bundle-related costs.
 The Athletic's adjusted operating loss decreased 23.6% to $31.4 million in 2023 from $41.1 million in 2022, primarily as a result of higher digital subscription and advertising revenues partially offset by higher adjusted operating costs.
 Other Items
 See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding other items.

 NON-OPERATING AND NON-GAAP ITEMS
 Interest Income and Other, Net
 See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding interest income and other.
 Income Taxes
 See Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding income taxes.
 Other Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs
 See Notes 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding other components of net periodic benefit costs.
 Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 We have included in this report certain supplemental financial information derived from consolidated financial information but not presented in our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Specifically, we have referred to the following non-GAAP financial measures in this report:
 • diluted earnings per share excluding amortization of acquired intangible assets, severance, non-operating retirement costs and the impact of special items (or adjusted diluted earnings per share);
 • operating profit before depreciation, amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items (or adjusted operating profit, and as a percentage of revenues, adjusted operating profit margin);
 • operating costs before depreciation, amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items (or adjusted operating costs); and
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 45

 • free cash flow (defined as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures).
 The special items in 2023 consisted of:
 • a $12.7 million impairment charge ($9.3 million or $0.06 per share after tax) related to excess leased office space that is being marketed for sublet (the "lease-related impairment");
 • a $2.5 million charge ($1.8 million or $0.01 per share after tax) related to an impairment of an indefinite-lived intangible asset;
 • a $1.7 million charge ($1.2 million or $0.01 per share after tax) in connection with the Company's withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan;
 • a $2.3 million favorable adjustment ($1.7 million or $0.01 per share after tax) related to a reduction in a multiemployer pension plan liability; and
 • a $2.5 million gain ($1.8 million or $0.01 per share after tax) reflecting our proportionate share of a distribution from the liquidation of Madison Paper Industries ("Madison"), a partnership that previously operated a paper mill, in which the Company had an investment through a subsidiary.
 The special items in 2022 consisted of:
 • a $22.1 million charge ($16.2 million or $0.10 per share after tax) in connection with the Company's withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan;
 • a $4.1 million charge ($3.0 million or $0.02 per share after tax) related to an impairment of an indefinite-lived intangible asset;
 • a $7.1 million gain ($5.2 million or $0.03 per share after tax) related to a multiemployer pension liability adjustment;
 • a $34.2 million gain ($24.9 million or $0.15 per share after tax) related to an agreement to lease and subsequently sell approximately four acres of land at our printing and distribution facility in College Point, N.Y. The gain is included in Interest income and other, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations; and
 • a $34.7 million of pre-tax costs ($25.4 million or $0.15 per share after tax) related to the acquisition of The Athletic Media Company. Acquisition-related costs primarily include expenses paid in connection with the acceleration of The Athletic Media Company stock options, and legal, accounting, financial advisory and integration planning expenses.
 We have included these non-GAAP financial measures because management reviews them on a regular basis and uses them to evaluate and manage the performance of our operations. We believe that, for the reasons outlined below, these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors as a supplement to reported diluted earnings/(loss) per share, operating profit/(loss) and operating costs. However, these measures should be evaluated only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measures and should not be viewed as alternative or superior measures of GAAP results.
 Adjusted diluted earnings per share provides useful information in evaluating the Company's period-to-period performance because it eliminates items that the Company does not consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Adjusted operating profit and adjusted operating profit margin are useful in evaluating the ongoing performance of the Company's businesses as they exclude the significant non-cash impact of depreciation and amortization, as well as items not indicative of ongoing operating activities. Total operating costs include depreciation, amortization, severance and multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items. Total operating costs, excluding these items, provide investors with helpful supplemental information on the Company's underlying operating costs that is used by management in its financial and operational decision-making.
 Management considers special items, which may include impairment charges, pension settlement charges, acquisition-related costs and other items that arise from time to time, to be outside the ordinary course of our operations. Management believes that excluding these items provides a better understanding of the underlying trends in the Company's operating performance and allows more accurate comparisons of the Company's operating results to historical performance. In addition, management excludes severance costs, which may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, because it believes these costs do not necessarily reflect expected future operating costs and do not contribute to a meaningful comparison of the Company's operating results to historical performance.
 P. 46 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Excluded from our non-GAAP financial measures are non-operating retirement costs that are primarily tied to financial market performance and changes in market interest rates and investment performance. Management considers non-operating retirement costs to be outside the performance of the business and believes that presenting adjusted diluted earnings per share excluding non-operating retirement costs and presenting adjusted operating results excluding multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs, in addition to the Company's GAAP diluted earnings per share and GAAP operating results, provide increased transparency and a better understanding of the underlying trends in the Company's operating business performance.
 The Company considers free cash flow, which is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures, to provide useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash that is available to be used to strengthen the Company's balance sheet and for strategic opportunities including, among others, investing in the Company's business, strategic acquisitions, dividend payouts and repurchasing stock. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources — Free Cash Flow" below for more information and a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities.
 Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are set out in the tables below.
 In addition, the Company adopted a change to its fiscal calendar and as a result, its 2023 fiscal year included five fewer days compared with 2022. Included below is the estimated impact of the five fewer days on fiscal year revenue. Management believes that estimating the impact of the five fewer days on the Company's operating costs and operating profit presents challenges and, therefore, no such estimate is made with respect to these items.

 Reconciliation of diluted earnings per share excluding amortization of acquired intangible assets, severance, non-operating retirement costs and special items (or adjusted diluted earnings per share)

2023
2022

 Diluted earnings per share
 $
 1.40
 $
 1.04
 34.6
 %

 Add:

 Amortization of acquired intangible assets
 0.18
 0.16
 12.5
 %

 Severance
 0.05
 0.03
 66.7
 %

 Non-operating retirement costs:

 Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs
 0.03
 0.03
 *

 Other components of net periodic benefit costs
 (0.02)
 0.04
 *

 Special items:

 —
 0.21
 *

 0.10
 0.02
 *

 Gain on the sale of land
 —
 (0.20)
 *

 Multiemployer pension plan liability adjustment (1)

 —
 0.09
 *

 Gain from joint venture, net of noncontrolling interest
 (0.01)
 —
 *

 Income tax expense of adjustments
 (0.08)
 (0.10)
 (20.0)
 %

 Adjusted diluted earnings per share (2)

 $
 1.63
 $
 1.32
 23.5
 %

 (1) Twelve months ended December 31, 2022, includes a loss of $0.13 related to an estimated charge for a withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan, partially offset by a gain of $0.04 resulting from a multiemployer pension liability adjustment.
 (2) Amounts may not add due to rounding.
 * Represents a change equal to or in excess of 100% or one that is not meaningful.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 47

 Reconciliation of operating profit before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items (or adjusted operating profit) and of adjusted operating profit margin

2023
2022

 Operating profit
 $
 276,272
 $
 201,967
 36.8
 %

 Add:

 4.2
 %

 Severance
 7,582
 4,669
 62.4
 %

 Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs
 5,248
 4,871
 7.7
 %

 —
 *

 Impairment charge
 4,069
 *

 (605)
 *

 Adjusted operating profit
 $
 389,851
 $
 347,931
 12.0
 %

 Divided by:

 Revenue
 5.1
 %

 Operating profit margin
 11.4
 %
 8.7
 %
 270 bps

 Adjusted operating profit margin
 16.1
 %
 15.1
 %
 100 bps

 * Represents a change equal to or in excess of 100% or one that is not meaningful.

 Reconciliation of total operating costs before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items (or adjusted operating costs)

2023
2022

 NYTG
 I/E
 Total
 NYTG
 Total

 Operating costs
 $
 1,959,191
 $
 191,345
 $
 (656)
 $
 2,149,880
 $
 1,955,169
 $
 151,185
 $
 2,106,354
 2.1
 %

 Less:

 58,637
 27,478
 —
 57,392
 25,262
 4.2
 %

 Severance
 6,416
 1,166
 —
 7,582
 4,509
 4,669
 62.4
 %

 Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs
 5,248
 —
 —
 5,248
 4,871
 —
 4,871
 7.7
 %

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 *

 —
 —
 4,069
 —
 4,069
 *

 (605)
 —
 —
 (605)
 —
 *

 Adjusted operating costs
 $
 1,874,256
 $
 162,701
 $
 (656)
 $
 2,036,301
 $
 1,834,627
 $
 125,763
 $
 1,960,390
 3.9
 %

 * Represents a change equal to or in excess of 100% or one that is not meaningful.
 P. 48 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Reconciliation of revenues excluding the estimated impact of the five fewer days in 2023

2023
As Reported
 Five Days(1)

Adjusted

 Digital subscription revenue
 $
 1,099,439
 $
 978,574
 $
 (11,724)
 $
 966,850
 13.7
 %

 Print subscription revenue
 556,714
 573,788
 (4,266)
 569,522
 (2.2)
 %

 Total subscription revenue
 (15,990)
 1,536,372
 7.8
 %

 Digital advertising revenue
 317,744
 318,440
 (5,628)
 312,812
 1.6
 %

 Print advertising revenue
 187,462
 204,848
 (1,092)
 203,756
 (8.0)
 %

 Total advertising revenues
 (6,720)
 516,568
 (2.2)
 %

 Other revenue
 (1,503)
 231,168
 14.5
 %

 $
 $
 $
 (24,213)
 $
 2,284,108
 6.2
 %

 (1) Represents the five-day period included in fiscal 2022 between December 27, 2021, and December 31, 2021.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 49

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 Overview
 The following table presents information about our financial position:
 Financial Position Summary

 (In thousands, except ratios)
2023
2022

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 289,472
 $
 221,385
 30.8

 Marketable securities
 419,727
 264,889
 58.5

 Total cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities (1)

 709,199
 486,274
 45.8

 Total New York Times Company stockholders' equity
 1,597,967
 10.3

 Ratios:

 Current assets to current liabilities
 1.28
 1.15

 (1) Approximately $550.0 million of cash and marketable securities were used in February 2022 to fund the purchase price of The Athletic Media Company (refer to commentary below).
 Our primary sources of cash from operations were revenues from subscription and advertising sales. Subscription and advertising revenues provided about 68% and 21%, respectively, of total revenues in 2023. The remaining cash inflows were primarily from other revenue sources such as Wirecutter affiliate referrals, licensing, commercial printing, the leasing of floors in the Company Headquarters, books, television and film, retail commerce, our live events business, and our student subscription sponsorship program.
 Our primary uses of cash from operations were for employee compensation and benefits and other operating expenses. We believe our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities balance and cash provided by operations, in combination with other sources of cash, will be sufficient to meet our financing needs over the next twelve months and beyond.
 As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $709.2 million and approximately $350 million in available borrowings, and no amounts were outstanding under the Credit Facility. Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities balances increased in 2023, primarily due to cash proceeds from operating activities, partially offset by cash used for dividend payments, share repurchases, capital expenditures, and taxes paid on behalf of employees resulting from share-based compensation tax withholding.
 We have paid quarterly dividends on the Class A and Class B Common Stock since late 2013. In February 2024, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.13 per share, an increase of $0.02 per share from the previous quarter (see Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). We currently expect to continue to pay comparable cash dividends in the future, although changes in our dividend program will be considered by our Board of Directors in light of our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors considered relevant.
 In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $150.0 million Class A share repurchase program. In February 2023, the Board of Directors approved a $250.0 million Class A share repurchase program in addition to the amount remaining under the 2022 authorization. The authorizations provide that shares of Class A Common Stock may be purchased from time to time as market conditions warrant, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Through February 14, 2024, the aggregate purchase price of repurchases under these programs totaled approximately $170.5 million (excluding commissions), fully utilizing the 2022 authorization and leaving approximately $229.5 million remaining under the 2023 authorization. We expect to repurchase shares to offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation program and to return capital to our stockholders. There is no expiration date with respect to these authorizations.
 P. 50 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 During 2023, we made contributions of $10.5 million to certain qualified pension plans funded by cash on hand. As of December 31, 2023, our qualified pension plans had plan assets that were $83.0 million above the present value of future benefits obligations, an increase of $13.5 million from $69.5 million as of December 31, 2022. We expect contributions made to satisfy minimum funding requirements to total approximately $13 million in 2023.
 Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and instead requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize such expenditures over five years. In 2023 and 2022, our cash from operations decreased by approximately $12 million and $60 million, respectively, and our net deferred tax assets increased by similar amounts as a result of this legislation.
 The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was signed into law in August 2022. The tax-related provisions of this legislation did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 Capital Resources
 Sources and Uses of Cash
 Cash flows provided by/(used in) by category were as follows:

2023
2022

 Operating activities
 $
 360,618
 $
 150,687
 *

 Investing activities
 $
 (159,690)
 $
 (73,561)
 *

 Financing activities
 $
 (132,710)
 $
 (174,306)
 (23.9)

 Operating Activities
 Cash from operating activities is generated by cash receipts from subscriptions, advertising sales and other revenue. Operating cash outflows include payments for employee compensation, retirement and other benefits, raw materials, marketing expenses, interest and income taxes.
 Net cash provided by operating activities increased in 2023 compared with 2022 due to higher net income (which in 2022 was impacted by a payment related to the acceleration of The Athletic stock options in connection with the acquisition), lower tax payments and lower cash payments for incentive compensation, partially offset by lower cash collections from accounts receivable.
 Investing Activities
 Cash from investing activities generally includes proceeds from marketable securities that have matured and the sale of assets, investments or a business. Cash used in investing activities generally includes purchases of marketable securities, payments for capital projects and acquisitions of new businesses and investments.
 Net cash used in investing activities in 2023 was primarily related to $144.3 million in net purchases of marketable securities and $22.7 million in capital expenditures payments.
 Financing Activities
 Cash from financing activities generally includes borrowings under third-party financing arrangements, the issuance of long-term debt and funds from stock option exercises. Cash used in financing activities generally includes the repayment of amounts outstanding under third-party financing arrangements, the payment of dividends, the payment of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, and stock-based compensation tax withholding.
 Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was primarily related to dividend payments of $69.5 million, share repurchases of $44.6 million (excluding commissions) and share-based compensation tax withholding payments of $14.9 million.
 See "— Third-Party Financing" below and our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for additional information on our sources and uses of cash.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 51

 Free Cash Flow
 Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net cash provided by operating activities, less capital expenditures. The Company considers free cash flow to provide useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash that is available to be used to strengthen the Company's balance sheet and for strategic opportunities including, among others, investing in the Company's business, strategic acquisitions, dividend payouts and repurchasing stock. In addition, management uses free cash flow to set targets for return of capital to stockholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.
 The Company aims to return at least 50% of free cash flow to stockholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases over the next three to five years.
 The following table presents a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:

2023
2022

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 $
 360,618
 $
 150,687

 Less: Capital expenditures
 (22,669)
 (36,961)

 Free cash flow
 $
 337,949
 $
 113,726

 Free cash flow for 2023 was $337.9 million compared with $113.7 million in 2022. Free cash flow increased primarily due to higher cash provided by operating activities, as discussed above.
 Restricted Cash
 We were required to maintain $13.7 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2023, and $13.8 million as of December 31, 2022, substantially all of which is set aside to collateralize workers' compensation obligations.
 Capital Expenditures
 Capital expenditures totaled approximately $23 million and $36 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in capital expenditures in 2023 was primarily driven by higher expenditures in the prior year related to improvements in our Company Headquarters. The expenditures in 2022 were intended to address growth in the number of employees and support hybrid work. The cash payments related to the capital expenditures totaled approximately $23 million and $27 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to the timing of the payments. In 2024, we expect capital expenditures of approximately $50 million, which will be funded from cash on hand. The capital expenditures will be primarily driven by expenditures related to our College Point, N.Y., printing and distribution facility, investments in technology to support our strategic initiatives and improvements in our Company Headquarters.
 Acquisition of The Athletic Media Company
 On February 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of The Athletic Media Company, a global digital subscription-based sports media business that provides national and local coverage of clubs and teams in the United States and around the world, for an all-cash purchase price of $550.0 million, subject to customary closing adjustments (see Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this acquisition). The purchase price was funded from cash on hand.
 Third-Party Financing
 On July 27, 2022, we entered into a $350.0 million five-year unsecured Credit Facility that amended and restated a prior facility. Certain of our domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2023, there was approximately $0.6 million in outstanding letters of credit and the remaining committed amount remains available. As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility and the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Credit Facility. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the Credit Facility.
 P. 52 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Contractual Obligations
 The information provided is based on management's best estimate and assumptions of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023. Actual payments in future periods may vary from those reflected in the table.

 Payment due in

 Total
 2024
 2025-2026
 2027-2028
 Later Years

 Operating leases(1)

 $
 62,644
 $
 12,279
 $
 17,794
 $
 14,559
 $
 18,012

 Purchase commitment(2)

 68,074
 15,329
 30,808
 21,937
 —

 Benefit plans(3)

 292,018
 42,657
 83,939
 67,095
 98,327

 Total
 $
 422,736
 $
 70,265
 $
 132,541
 $
 103,591
 $
 116,339

 (1) See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our operating leases.
 (2) Represents purchase commitments for the use of digital content delivery services from August 1, 2023 through July 31, 2028.
 (3) The Company's general funding policy with respect to qualified pension plans is to contribute amounts at least sufficient to satisfy the minimum amount required by applicable law and regulations and Guild contracts. Contributions for our qualified pension plans and future benefit payments for our unfunded pension and other postretirement benefit payments have been estimated over a 10-year period; therefore, the amounts included in the "Later Years" column only include payments for the period of 2029-2033. For our funded qualified pension plans, estimating funding depends on several variables, including the performance of the plans' investments, assumptions for discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on assets, rates of compensation increases (applicable only for the Guild-Times Adjustable Pension Plan that has not been frozen) and other factors. Thus, our actual contributions could vary substantially from these estimates. While benefit payments under these plans are expected to continue beyond 2033, we have included in this table only those benefit payments estimated over the next 10 years. Benefit plans in the table above also include estimated payments for multiemployer pension plan withdrawal liabilities. See Notes 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our pension and other postretirement benefits plans.
 Other Liabilities — Other in our Consolidated Balance Sheets include liabilities related to (1) deferred compensation, primarily related to our deferred executive compensation plan (the "DEC") and (2) various other liabilities, including our contingent tax liability for uncertain tax positions and contingent consideration. These liabilities are not included in the table above primarily because the timing of the future payments is not determinable. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
 The DEC previously enabled certain eligible executives to elect to defer a portion of their compensation on a pre-tax basis. The deferred amounts are invested at the executives' option in various mutual funds. The fair value of deferred compensation is based on the mutual fund investments elected by the executives and on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The fair value of deferred compensation was $13.8 million as of December 31, 2023. The DEC was frozen effective December 31, 2015, and no new contributions may be made into the plan. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Other Liabilities — Other.
 Our liability for uncertain tax positions was approximately $9 million, including approximately $2 million of accrued interest as of December 31, 2023. Until formal resolutions are reached between us and the taxing authorities, determining the timing and amount of possible audit settlements relating to uncertain tax positions is not practicable. Therefore, we do not include this obligation in the table of contractual obligations. See Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding income taxes.
 The contingent consideration represents contingent payments in connection with the acquisition of substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of Serial Productions, LLC. The Company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration liability using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. The estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration requires subjective assumptions to be made regarding probabilities assigned to operational targets and the discount rate. The contingent consideration balance of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2023, is included in Accrued expenses and other, for the current portion of the liability, and Other Liabilities — Other, for the long-term portion of the liability, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 53

 We have a contract through the end of 2025 with Resolute FP US Inc., a subsidiary of Resolute Forest Products Inc., a major paper supplier, to purchase newsprint. The contract requires us to purchase annually the lesser of a fixed number of tons or a percentage of our total newsprint requirement at market rate in an arm's-length transaction. Since the quantities of newsprint purchased annually under this contract are based on our total newsprint requirement, the amount of the related payments for these purchases is excluded from the table above.

 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
 Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented.
 We continually evaluate the policies and estimates we use to prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates made by management.
 Our critical accounting estimates include our accounting for goodwill and intangibles, retirement benefits and revenue recognition. Specific risks related to our critical accounting estimates are discussed below. For a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Goodwill and Intangibles
 We evaluate whether there has been an impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis or in an interim period if certain circumstances indicate that a possible impairment may exist.

2023
2022

 Goodwill
 $
 416,098
 $
 414,046

 Intangibles
 $
 285,490
 $
 317,314

 Total assets
 $
 2,714,595
 $
 2,533,752

 Percentage of goodwill and intangibles to total assets
 %
 %

 The impairment analysis is considered critical because of the significance of goodwill and intangibles to our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 We test goodwill for impairment at a reporting unit level. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value.
 If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Fair value is calculated by a combination of a discounted cash flow model and a market approach model.
 We test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at the asset level. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the intangible asset is impaired, we perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying value, the asset is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the fair value of the asset.
 Intangible assets that are amortized are tested for impairment at the asset level associated with the lowest level of cash flows whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the asset (1) is not recoverable (the carrying value of the asset is greater than the sum of undiscounted cash flows) and (2) is greater than its fair value.
 P. 54 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgments, estimates and assumptions, many of which are interdependent, about future revenues, operating margins, growth rates, capital expenditures, working capital, discount rates and royalty rates. The starting point for the assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis is the annual long-range financial forecast. The annual planning process that we undertake to prepare the long-range financial forecast takes into consideration a multitude of factors, including historical growth rates and operating performance, related industry trends, macroeconomic conditions, and marketplace data, among others. Assumptions are also made for perpetual growth rates for periods beyond the long-range financial forecast period. Our estimates of fair value are sensitive to changes in all of these variables, certain of which relate to broader macroeconomic conditions outside our control.
 The market approach analysis includes applying a multiple, based on comparable market transactions, to certain operating metrics of a reporting unit.
 The significant estimates and assumptions used by management in assessing the recoverability of goodwill and intangibles are estimated future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates and other factors. Any changes in these estimates or assumptions could result in an impairment charge. The estimates, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require management's subjective judgment. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the estimated results of the impairment tests can vary within a range of outcomes.
 In September 2023, we performed a quantitative assessment of our indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded a $2.5 million impairment. See Notes 2 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our impairment testing. In our 2023 annual impairment testing, based on our qualitative assessment, we concluded that goodwill is not impaired. In 2023, we did not identify any impairment related to intangible assets with definite lives.
 Pension Benefits
 We sponsor a frozen single-employer defined benefit pension plan. The Company and The NewsGuild of New York (the "Guild") jointly sponsor the Guild-Times Adjustable Pension Plan (the "APP"), which continues to accrue active benefits. Our pension liability also includes our multiemployer pension plan withdrawal obligations.
 The table below includes the liability for all of our pension plans.

 Pension liabilities (includes current portion)
 $
 248,151
 $
 253,764

 Total liabilities
 $
 951,376
 $
 933,780

 Percentage of pension liabilities to total liabilities
 %
 %

 Our Company-sponsored defined benefit pension plans include qualified plans (funded) as well as non-qualified plans (unfunded). These plans provide participating employees with retirement benefits in accordance with benefit formulas detailed in each plan. All of our non-qualified plans, which provide enhanced retirement benefits to select employees, are frozen, except for a foreign-based pension plan discussed below.
 Our joint Company and Guild-sponsored plan is a qualified plan and is included in the table below.
 We also have a foreign-based pension plan for certain non-U.S. employees (the "foreign plan"). The information for the foreign plan is combined with the information for U.S. non-qualified plans. The benefit obligation of the foreign plan is immaterial to our total benefit obligation.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 55

 The funded status of our qualified and non-qualified pension plans as of December 31, 2023, is as follows:

Plans
 Non-Qualified
Plans
 All Plans

 Pension obligation
 $
 1,068,489
 $
 180,556
 $
 1,249,045

 Fair value of plan assets
 —

 Pension asset/(obligation), net
 $
 $
 (180,556)
 $
 (97,540)

 We made contributions of approximately $10 million to the APP in 2023. We expect contributions made to satisfy minimum funding requirements to total approximately $13 million in 2024.
 Pension expense is calculated using a number of actuarial assumptions, including an expected long-term rate of return on assets (for qualified plans) and a discount rate. Our methodology in selecting these actuarial assumptions is discussed below.
 In determining the expected long-term rate of return on assets, we evaluated input from our investment consultants and investment management firms, including our review of asset class return expectations, as well as long-term historical asset class returns. Projected returns by such consultants are based on broad equity and bond indices. Our objective is to select an average rate of earnings expected on existing plan assets and expected contributions to the plan (less plan expenses to be incurred) during the year. The expected long-term rate of return determined on this basis was 5.60% at the beginning of 2023. Our plan assets had an average rate of return of approximately 9.92% in 2023 and an average annual return of approximately -4.37% over the three-year period 2021–2023. We regularly review our actual asset allocation and periodically rebalance our investments to meet our investment strategy.
 The market-related value of plan assets is multiplied by the expected long-term rate of return on assets to compute the expected return on plan assets, a component of net periodic pension cost. The market-related value of plan assets is a calculated value that recognizes changes in fair value over three years.
 Based on the composition of our assets at the end of the year, we estimated our 2024 expected long-term rate of return to be 5.90%. If we had decreased our expected long-term rate of return on our plan assets by 50 basis points in 2023, pension expense would have increased by approximately $7 million for our qualified pension plans. Our funding requirements would not have been materially affected.
 We determined our discount rate using a Ryan ALM, Inc. Curve (the "Ryan Curve"). The Ryan Curve provides the bonds included in the curve and allows adjustments for certain outliers (i.e., bonds on "watch"). We believe the Ryan Curve allows us to calculate an appropriate discount rate.
 To determine our discount rate, we project a cash flow based on annual accrued benefits. For active participants, the benefits under the respective pension plans are projected to the date of termination. The projected plan cash flow is discounted to the measurement date, which is the last day of our fiscal year, using the annual spot rates provided in the Ryan Curve. A single discount rate is then computed so that the present value of the benefit cash flow equals the present value computed using the Ryan Curve rates.
 The weighted-average discount rate determined on this basis was 5.25% for our qualified plans and 5.21% for our non-qualified plans as of December 31, 2023.
 If we had decreased the expected discount rate by 50 basis points for our qualified plans and our non-qualified plans in 2023, pension expense would have increased by approximately $0.6 million and our pension obligation would have increased by approximately $63 million as of December 31, 2023.
 We will continue to evaluate all of our actuarial assumptions, generally on an annual basis, and will adjust as necessary. Actual pension expense will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates, the level of contributions we make and various other factors.
 P. 56 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 We also recognize the present value of pension liabilities associated with the withdrawal from multiemployer pension plans. Our multiemployer pension plan withdrawal liability was approximately $68 million as of December 31, 2023. This liability represents the present value of the obligations related to complete and partial withdrawals that have already occurred as well as an estimate of future withdrawals that we considered probable and reasonably estimable. For those plans that have yet to provide us with a demand letter, the actual liability will not be known until they complete a final assessment of the withdrawal liability and issue a demand to us. Therefore, the estimate of our multiemployer pension plan liability will be adjusted as more information becomes available that allows us to refine our estimates.
 See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our pension plans.
 Revenue Recognition
 Our contracts with customers sometimes include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. We use an observable price to determine the standalone selling price for separate performance obligations if available or, when not available, an estimate that maximizes the use of observable inputs and faithfully depicts the selling price of the promised goods or services if we sold those goods or services separately to a similar customer in similar circumstances.

 RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.

 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 Our market risk is principally associated with the following:
 • Our exposure to changes in interest rates relates primarily to interest earned and market value on our cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of cash, money market funds, certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper and corporate debt securities. Our investment policy and strategy are focused on preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements. Changes in U.S. interest rates affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, and the market value of those securities. A hypothetical 100-basis-point increase in interest rates would have resulted in a decrease of approximately $4.5 million in the market value of our marketable debt securities as of December 31, 2023. Any realized gains or losses resulting from such interest rate changes would only occur if we sold the investments prior to maturity.
 • The discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations for our qualified pension plans is determined by using the Ryan Curve, which provides rates for the bonds included in the curve and allows adjustments for certain outliers (i.e., bonds on "watch"). Broad equity and bond indices are used in the determination of the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets. Therefore, interest rate fluctuations and volatility of the debt and equity markets can have a significant impact on asset values, the funded status of our pension plans and future anticipated contributions. See "Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits."
 See Notes 4, 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 57

 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 2023 FINANCIAL REPORT

 PAGE

 Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements

 Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) on Consolidated Financial Statements

 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022

 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 1. Basis of Presentation

 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 3. Revenue

 4. Marketable Securities

 5. Business Combination

 6. Investments

 7. Other

 8. Fair Value Measurements

 9. Pension Benefits

 10. Other Postretirement Benefits

 11. Other Liabilities

 12. Income Taxes

 13. Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

 14. Stock-Based Awards

 15. Stockholders' Equity

 16. Segment Information

 17. Leases

 18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

 19. Subsequent Events

 Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2023

 P. 58 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 REPORT OF MANAGEMENT
 Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements
 The Company's consolidated financial statements were prepared by management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, as such, include amounts based on management's best estimates and judgments.
 Management is further responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company follows and continuously monitors its policies and procedures for internal control over financial reporting to ensure that this objective is met (see "Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting" below).
 The consolidated financial statements were audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Its audits were conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and its report is shown on Page 60.
 The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of independent directors, meets regularly with the independent registered public accounting firm, internal auditors and management to discuss specific accounting, financial reporting and internal control matters. Both the independent registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors have full and free access to the Audit Committee. Each year the Audit Committee selects, subject to ratification by the Company's stockholders, the firm that is to perform audit and other related work for the Company.

 Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP.
 The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that also audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Their report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting is included on Page 62 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 59

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of The New York Times Company
 Opinion on the Financial Statements
 We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The New York Times Company (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income/(loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed at Item 15(A)(2) of The New York Times Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The New York Times Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 20, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 Basis for Opinion
 These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Critical Audit Matters
 The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

 P. 60 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Valuation of the pension benefit obligation

 Description of the matter
 At December 31, 2023, the aggregate defined pension benefit obligation was $1,249 million which exceeded the fair value of pension plan assets of $1,151 million, resulting in an unfunded defined benefit pension obligation of $98 million. As discussed in Note 2, the Company makes significant subjective judgments about a number of assumptions, which include discount rates and long-term return on plan assets.
 Auditing management's estimate of the defined benefit pension obligation involves especially challenging and complex judgments because of the highly subjective nature of the assumptions (e.g., discount rates and long-term return on plan assets) used in the measurement of the defined benefit pension obligation and the impact small changes in these assumptions would have on the measurement of the defined benefit pension obligation and expense.

 How we addressed the matter in our audit
 We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls that address the risks of material misstatement relating to the measurement and valuation of the defined benefit pension obligation. Specifically, we tested controls over management's review of the defined benefit pension obligation, the significant assumptions including the discount rates and long-term return on plan assets, and the data inputs provided to the actuary.
 To test the defined benefit pension obligation, our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the methodology used and the significant assumptions discussed above. We compared the assumptions used by management to historical trends and evaluated the change in the components of the defined benefit pension obligation from prior year due to the change in service cost, interest cost, actuarial gains and losses, benefit payments, and other. In addition, we involved actuarial specialists to assist in evaluating the key assumptions. To evaluate the discount rates, we independently developed yield curves reflecting an independently selected subset of bonds. In addition, we discounted the plans' projected benefit cash outlays with independently developed yield curves and compared these results to the defined benefit pension obligation. To evaluate the long-term return on plan assets, we independently calculated a range of returns for each class of plan investments and based on the investment allocations compared the results to the Company's selected long-term rate of return.

 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 We have served as The New York Times Company's auditor since 2007.

 New York, New York

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 61

 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of The New York Times Company
 Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 We have audited The New York Times Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, The New York Times Company (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
 We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income/(loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed at Item 15(A)(2) and our report dated February 20, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 Basis for Opinion
 The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
 Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 P. 62 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 New York, New York
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 63

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 Assets

 Current assets

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 289,472
 $
 221,385

 Short-term marketable securities
 162,094

 Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $ 12,800 in 2023 and $ 12,260 in 2022)

 242,488
 217,533

 Prepaid expenses
 59,712
 54,859

 Other current assets
 27,887
 35,926

 Total current assets
 781,653
 655,675

 Long-term marketable securities
 257,633

 Property, plant and equipment:

 Equipment
 447,324
 441,940

 Buildings, building equipment and improvements
 729,559
 730,119

 Software
 80,710
 74,196

 Land
 106,648
 106,275

 Assets in progress
 20,333
 24,192

 Total, at cost
 1,384,574
 1,376,722

 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
 ( 870,329)
 ( 823,024)

 Property, plant and equipment, net
 514,245
 553,698

 Goodwill
 416,098
 414,046

 Intangible assets, net
 285,490
 317,314

 Deferred income taxes
 114,505
 96,363

 Right of use assets
 35,374
 57,600

 Pension assets

 Miscellaneous assets
 226,581
 230,618

 Total assets
 $
 2,714,595
 $
 2,533,752

 P. 64 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — continued

 (In thousands, except share and per share data)

 Liabilities and stockholders' equity

 Current liabilities

 Accounts payable
 $
 116,942
 $
 114,646

 Accrued payroll and other related liabilities
 174,316
 164,564

 Unexpired subscriptions revenue
 172,772
 155,945

 Accrued expenses and other
 147,529
 136,055

 Total current liabilities
 611,559
 571,210

 Other liabilities

 Pension benefits obligation
 219,451
 225,300

 Postretirement benefits obligation
 19,402
 26,455

 Other
 100,964
 110,815

 Total other liabilities
 339,817
 362,570

 Stockholders' equity

 Common stock of $.10 par value:

 Class A – authorized: 300,000,000 shares; issued: 2023 – 176,951,162; 2022 – 176,288,596 (including treasury shares: 2023 – 13,189,925; 2022 – 12,004,865)

 17,697
 17,629

 Class B – convertible – authorized and issued shares: 2023 – 780,724; 2022 – 780,724 (including treasury shares: 2023 – none; 2022 – none)

 Additional paid-in capital
 301,287
 255,515

 Retained earnings
 2,117,839
 1,958,859

 Common stock held in treasury, at cost
 ( 320,820)
 ( 276,267)

 Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:

 Foreign currency translation adjustments
 ( 510)

 Funded status of benefit plans
 ( 353,286)
 ( 348,947)

 Unrealized (loss) on available-for-sale securities
 ( 486)
 ( 8,390)

 Total accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes
 ( 352,862)
 ( 357,847)

 Total New York Times Company stockholders' equity
 1,597,967

 Noncontrolling interest
 —
 2,005

 Total stockholders' equity
 1,599,972

 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 $
 2,714,595
 $
 2,533,752

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 65

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 $
 $
 $
 1,362,115

 497,536

 Other
 215,226

 2,074,877

 Operating costs

 1,249,061
 1,208,933
 1,039,568

 260,227
 267,553
 294,947

 228,804
 204,185
 160,871

 311,039
 289,259
 250,124

 57,502

 —
 —

 4,069
 —

 ( 605)
 —

 Lease termination charge
 —
 —
 3,831

 Total operating costs(1)

 2,149,880
 2,106,354
 1,806,843

 Operating profit
 276,272
 201,967
 268,034

 Other components of net periodic benefit (income)/costs
 ( 2,737)
 6,659
 10,478

 Gain from joint ventures
 2,477
 —
 —

 Interest income and other, net
 21,102
 40,691
 32,945

 Income before income taxes
 302,588
 235,999
 290,501

 69,836
 62,094
 70,530

 Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
 ( 365)
 —
 —

 Net income attributable to The New York Times Company common stockholders
 $
 232,387
 $
 $

 (1) Years ended December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021 were recast to conform to the current presentation of total operating costs.
 P. 66 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS — continued

 (In thousands, except per share data)

 Average number of common shares outstanding:

 Basic
 164,721
 166,871
 167,929

 Diluted
 165,663
 167,141
 168,533

 Basic earnings per share attributable to The New York Times Company common stockholders
 $
 1.41
 $
 1.04
 $
 1.31

 Diluted earnings per share attributable to The New York Times Company common stockholders
 $
 1.40
 $
 1.04
 $
 1.31

 Dividends declared per share
 $
 0.44
 $
 0.36
 $
 0.28

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 67

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

 $
 $
 $

 Other comprehensive income/(loss), before tax:

 Foreign currency translation adjustments income/(loss)
 1,885
 ( 5,759)
 ( 6,328)

 Pension and postretirement benefits obligation (loss)/gain
 ( 5,908)
 49,966
 49,250

 Net unrealized gain/(loss) on available-for-sale securities
 10,754
 ( 9,675)
 ( 6,025)

 Other comprehensive income, before tax
 6,731
 34,532
 36,897

 1,746
 9,177
 9,918

 Other comprehensive income, net of tax
 4,985
 25,355
 26,979

 Comprehensive income
 237,737
 199,260
 246,950

 Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
 ( 365)
 —
 —

 Comprehensive income attributable to The New York Times Company common stockholders
 $
 237,372
 $
 199,260
 $
 246,950

 P. 68 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 (In thousands,
except share and
per share data)
 Capital Stock
Class A
and
Class B Common
 Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 Retained
Earnings
 Common
Stock
Held in
Treasury,
at Cost
 Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, Net of
Income
Taxes
 Total
New York
Times
Company
Stockholders'
Equity
 Non-
controlling
Interest
 Total
Stock-
holders'
Equity

 Balance, December 27, 2020
 $
 17,609
 $
 216,714
 $
 1,672,586
 $
 ( 171,211)
 $
 ( 410,181)
 $
 1,325,517
 $
 2,594
 $
 1,328,111

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Dividends
 —
 —
 ( 47,214)
 —
 —
 ( 47,214)
 —
 ( 47,214)

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —
 26,979
 26,979
 —
 26,979

 Issuance of shares:

 Stock options – 324,460 Class A shares

 2,421
 —
 —
 —
 2,454
 —
 2,454

 Restricted stock units vested – 196,416 Class A shares

 ( 5,288)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 5,269)
 —
 ( 5,269)

 Performance-based awards – 142.253 Class A shares

 ( 5,947)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 5,933)
 —
 ( 5,933)

 Stock-based compensation
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Distributions
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 589)
 ( 589)

 Balance, December 26, 2021
 17,675
 230,115
 1,845,343
 ( 171,211)
 ( 383,202)
 1,538,720
 2,005
 1,540,725

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Dividends
 —
 —
 ( 60,389)
 —
 —
 ( 60,389)
 —
 ( 60,389)

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —
 25,355
 25,355
 —
 25,355

 Issuance of shares:

 Stock options – 400 Class A shares

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Restricted stock units vested – 151,877 Class A shares

 ( 4,336)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 4,320)
 —
 ( 4,320)

 Performance-based awards – 163,518 Class A shares

 ( 5,573)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 5,557)
 —
 ( 5,557)

 Share Repurchases – 3,134,064 Class A shares

 —
 —
 —
 ( 105,056)
 —
 ( 105,056)
 —
 ( 105,056)

 Stock-based compensation
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Balance, December 31, 2022
 17,707
 255,515
 1,958,859
 ( 276,267)
 ( 357,847)
 1,597,967
 2,005
 1,599,972

 —
 —
 232,387
 —
 —
 232,387

 Dividends
 —
 —
 ( 73,407)
 —
 —
 ( 73,407)
 —
 ( 73,407)

 Other comprehensive income
 —
 —
 —
 —
 4,985
 4,985
 —
 4,985

 Issuance of shares:

 Restricted stock units vested – 439,421 Class A shares

 ( 11,849)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 11,803)
 —
 ( 11,803)

 Performance-based awards – 106,419 Class A shares

 ( 3,108)
 —
 —
 —
 ( 3,098)
 —
 ( 3,098)

 Employee stock purchase plan – 116,726 Class A shares

 3,938
 —
 —
 —
 3,950
 —
 3,950

 Share repurchases - 1,185,060 Class A shares

 —
 —
 —
 ( 44,553)
 —
 ( 44,553)
 —
 ( 44,553)

 Stock-based compensation
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

 Purchase of noncontrolling interest
 —
 2,015
 —
 —
 —
 2,015
 ( 2,370)
 ( 355)

 Balance, December 31, 2023
 $
 17,775
 $
 301,287
 $
 2,117,839
 $
 ( 320,820)
 $
 ( 352,862)
 $
 $
 —
 $

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 69

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 Cash flows from operating activities

 $
 $
 $

 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 57,502

 Lease termination charge
 —
 —
 3,831

 Amortization of right of use asset
 9,232
 9,923
 9,488

 Stock-based compensation expense

 ( 605)
 —

 4,069
 —

 Gain on the sale of land
 —
 ( 34,227)
 —

 Gain from joint ventures
 ( 2,477)
 —
 —

 Gain on non-marketable equity investment
 —
 —
 ( 27,156)

 Change in long-term retirement benefit obligations
 ( 29,528)
 ( 29,049)
 ( 19,222)

 Fair market value adjustment on life insurance products
 ( 1,648)
 1,081

 Other – net
 3,932
 2,739
 2,902

 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 Accounts receivable – net
 ( 24,955)
 20,889
 ( 49,216)

 Other current assets
 ( 2,154)
 ( 23,220)
 ( 5,289)

 Accounts payable, accrued payroll and other liabilities
 ( 7,321)
 ( 111,216)
 39,696

 Unexpired subscriptions
 16,827
 8,588
 13,950

 Other noncurrent assets and liabilities
 10,433
 ( 5,744)

 Net cash provided by operating activities
 360,618
 150,687
 269,098

 Cash flows from investing activities

 Purchases of marketable securities
 ( 286,448)
 ( 6,648)
 ( 763,425)

 Maturities/disposals of marketable securities
 142,161
 484,984
 593,465

 Business acquisitions
 —
 ( 515,586)
 —

 Proceeds/(purchases) from investments
 2,512
 ( 1,832)
 20,074

 Capital expenditures
 ( 22,669)
 ( 36,961)
 ( 34,637)

 Other - net
 4,754
 2,482
 3,716

 Net cash used in investing activities
 ( 159,690)
 ( 73,561)
 ( 180,807)

 Cash flows from financing activities

 Long-term obligations:

 Dividends paid
 ( 69,464)
 ( 56,790)
 ( 45,337)

 Payment of contingent consideration
 ( 3,448)
 ( 2,586)
 ( 862)

 Purchase of noncontrolling interest
 ( 356)
 —
 —

 Capital shares:

 Stock issuances
 —
 2,454

 Repurchases
 ( 44,553)
 ( 105,056)
 —

 Share-based compensation tax withholding
 ( 14,889)
 ( 9,877)
 ( 11,202)

 Net cash used in financing activities
 ( 132,710)
 ( 174,306)
 ( 54,947)

 Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 68,218
 ( 97,180)
 33,344

 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 ( 219)
 ( 1,953)
 ( 1,002)

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year
 235,173
 334,306
 301,964

 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year
 $
 303,172
 $
 235,173
 $
 334,306

 P. 70 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES TO CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 Cash Flow Information

 Cash payments

 Interest, net of capitalized interest
 $
 $
 1,583
 $

 Income tax payments – net
 $
 71,814
 $
 110,161
 $
 66,443

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 71

 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 1. Basis of Presentation
 Nature of Operations
 The New York Times Company is a global media organization that includes newspaper, digital and print products and related businesses. Unless the context otherwise requires, The New York Times Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to collectively as the "Company," "we," "our" and "us." Our major sources of revenue are subscriptions and advertising.
 Principles of Consolidation
 The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany transactions.
 The portion of the net income or loss and equity of a subsidiary attributable to the owners of a subsidiary other than the Company (a noncontrolling interest) is included as a component of consolidated stockholders' equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, within net income or loss in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, within comprehensive income or loss in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) and as a component of consolidated stockholders' equity in our Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity.
 Use of Estimates
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 Fiscal Year
 Fiscal year 2022 was composed of 52 weeks and five additional days and ended as of December 31, 2022, while fiscal years 2023 and 2021 each comprised 52 weeks, and ended as of December 31, 2023, and December 26, 2021, respectively.
 In December 2021, the Board of Directors approved a change in the Company's fiscal year from a 52/53 week fiscal year ending the last Sunday of December to a calendar year. Accordingly, the Company's 2022 fiscal year, which commenced December 27, 2021, was extended from December 25, 2022, to December 31, 2022, and subsequent fiscal years begin on January 1 and end on December 31 of each year. The change was made on a prospective basis and prior periods were not adjusted. This change was not considered a change in a fiscal year under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission as the new fiscal year commenced within seven days of the prior fiscal year-end and the new fiscal year commenced with the end of the prior fiscal year. As a result, a transition report is not required.
 On February 1, 2022, we acquired The Athletic Media Company ("The Athletic"), a global digital subscription-based sports media business. The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022. The Athletic is a separate reportable segment of the Company.
 Segments
 Beginning in the first quarter of 2022, the Company has two reportable segments: The New York Times Group ("NYTG") and The Athletic. Management, including the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer (who is the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker), uses adjusted operating profit (loss) by segment (as defined below) in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company includes in its presentation revenues and adjusted operating costs (as defined below) to arrive at adjusted operating profit (loss) by segment.
 P. 72 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Reclassifications
 Beginning with the third quarter of 2023, we have updated our presentation of total operating costs to include operating items that are outside the ordinary course of our operations ("special items"). These items have been previously presented separate from operating costs and included in operating profit. We recast operating costs for the prior periods in order to present comparable financial results. There was no change to consolidated operating profit, net income or cash flows as a result of this change.
 Certain other amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 Cash and Cash Equivalents
 We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
 Marketable Securities
 We have investments in marketable debt securities. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the date of purchase and reevaluate the classifications at the balance sheet date. Marketable debt securities with maturities of 12 months or less are classified as short-term. Marketable debt securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term, unless we identified specific securities we intend to sell within the next 12 months. The Company's marketable securities are accounted for as available for sale ("AFS").
 AFS securities are reported at fair value. We assess AFS securities on a quarterly basis or more often if a potential loss-triggering event occurs. For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether we intend to sell, or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, creditworthiness of the security, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.
 Concentration of Risk
 Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentration of risk, are cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash is placed with major financial institutions. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash balances at financial institutions in excess of federal insurance limits. We periodically evaluate the credit standing of these financial institutions as part of our ongoing investment strategy.
 Our marketable securities portfolio consists of investment-grade securities diversified among security types, issuers and industries. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are primarily managed by third-party investment managers who are required to adhere to investment policies designed to mitigate risk and approved by our Board of Directors.
 Accounts Receivable
 Credit is extended to our advertisers and our subscribers based upon an evaluation of the customer's financial condition, and collateral is not required from such customers. Allowances for estimated credit losses, rebates, returns, rate adjustments and discounts are generally established based on historical experience and include consideration of relevant significant current events, reasonable and supportable forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 73

 Investments
 We elected the fair value measurement alternative for our investment interests below 20% and account for these investments at cost less impairments, adjusted by observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuer given our equity instruments are without readily determinable fair values.
 We evaluate whether there has been an impairment of our investments annually or in an interim period if circumstances indicate that a possible impairment may exist.
 Property, Plant and Equipment
 Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the shorter of estimated asset service lives or lease terms as follows: buildings, building equipment and improvements— 10 to 40 years; equipment— three to 30 years; and software— two to five years. We capitalize certain staffing costs as part of the cost of major projects.
 We evaluate whether there has been an impairment of long-lived assets, primarily property, plant and equipment, if certain circumstances indicate that a possible impairment may exist. These assets are tested for impairment at the asset group level associated with the lowest level of cash flows. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the asset (i) is not recoverable (the carrying value of the asset is greater than the sum of undiscounted cash flows) and (ii) is greater than its fair value. See Note 17 for more information regarding material impairments of property, plant and equipment in 2023.
 Leases
 Lessee activities
 We enter into operating leases for office space and equipment. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Certain office space leases provide for rent adjustments relating to changes in real estate taxes and other operating costs. Options to extend the term of operating leases are not recognized as part of the right-of-use asset until we are reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. We may terminate our leases with the notice required under the lease and upon the payment of a termination fee, if required. Our leases do not include substantial variable payments based on index or rate. We have elected the practical expedient not to separate the lease and non-lease components in the contract for our office space and equipment leases.
 Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit discount rate. Therefore, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on the information available at lease commencement.
 We recognize a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and we classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
 We evaluate right-of-use assets for impairment consistent with our property, plant and equipment policy. See Note 17 for more information regarding material impairments of right-of-use assets in 2023.
 Lessor activities
 Our leases to third parties predominantly relate to office space in our leasehold condominium interest in our headquarters building located at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. (the "Company Headquarters"). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Office space leases are operating leases and generally include options to extend the term of the lease. Our leases do not include variable payments based on index or rate. We do not separate the lease and non-lease components in a contract. The non-lease components predominantly include charges for utilities usage and other operating expenses estimated based on the proportionate share of the rental space of each lease. We have elected the practical expedient not to separate the lease and non-lease components in the contract for for office space we lease to third parties.
 For our office space operating leases, we recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and we classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
 Residual value risk is not a primary risk resulting from our office space operating leases because of the long-lived nature of the underlying real estate assets, which generally hold their value or appreciate in the long term.
 P. 74 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 We evaluate assets leased to third parties for impairment consistent with our property, plant and equipment policy. There were no impairments of assets leased to third parties in 2023.
 Goodwill and Intangibles
 Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair value of tangible and intangible net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but tested for impairment annually or in an interim period if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Our annual impairment testing date is the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter.
 We test goodwill for impairment at a reporting unit level. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment includes, but is not limited to, the results of our most recent quantitative impairment test, consideration of industry, market and macroeconomic conditions, cost factors, cash flows, changes in key management personnel and our share price. The result of this assessment determines whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test (formerly "Step 1").
 If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Fair value is calculated by a combination of a discounted cash flow model and a market approach model. In calculating fair value for a reporting unit, we generally weigh the results of the discounted cash flow model more heavily than the market approach because the discounted cash flow model is specific to our business and long-term projections. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
 We test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at the asset level. Our annual impairment testing date is the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the intangible asset is impaired, we perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying value, the asset is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the fair value of the asset.
 Intangible assets that are amortized are tested for impairment at the asset level associated with the lowest level of cash flows whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the asset (1) is not recoverable (the carrying value of the asset is greater than the sum of undiscounted cash flows) and (2) is greater than its fair value.
 The discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgments, estimates and assumptions, many of which are interdependent, about future revenues, operating margins, growth rates, capital expenditures, working capital, discount rates and royalty rates. The starting point for the assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis is the annual long-range financial forecast. The annual planning process that we undertake to prepare the long-range financial forecast takes into consideration a multitude of factors, including historical growth rates and operating performance, related industry trends, macroeconomic conditions and marketplace data, among others. Assumptions are also made for perpetual growth rates for periods beyond the long-range financial forecast period. Our estimates of fair value are sensitive to changes in all of these variables, certain of which relate to broader macroeconomic conditions outside our control.
 The market approach analysis includes applying a multiple, based on comparable market transactions, to certain operating metrics of a reporting unit.
 The significant estimates and assumptions used by management in assessing the recoverability of goodwill acquired and intangibles are estimated future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates and other factors. Any changes in these estimates or assumptions could result in an impairment charge. The estimates, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require management's subjective judgment. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the estimated results of the impairment tests can vary within a range of outcomes.
 In addition to annual testing, management uses certain indicators to evaluate whether the carrying value of a reporting unit or intangibles may not be recoverable and an interim impairment test may be required. These indicators include (1) current-period operating results or cash flow declines combined with a history of operating
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 75

 results or cash flow declines or a projection/forecast that demonstrates continuing declines in the cash flow or the inability to improve our operations to forecasted levels; (2) a significant adverse change in the business climate, whether structural or technological; (3) significant impairments; and (4) a decline in our stock price and market capitalization.
 Self-Insurance
 We self-insure for workers' compensation costs, automobile and general liability claims, up to certain deductible limits, as well as for certain employee medical and disability benefits. Employee medical costs above a certain threshold are insured by a third party. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are primarily calculated using actuarial methods. The liabilities include amounts for actual claims, claim growth and claims incurred but not yet reported. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks were approximately $ 28 million and $ 25 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
 Our single-employer pension and other postretirement benefit costs are accounted for using actuarial valuations. We recognize the funded status of these plans—measured as the difference between plan assets, if funded, and the benefit obligation—on the balance sheet and recognize changes in the funded status that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic pension cost, within other comprehensive income/(loss), net of income taxes. The service cost component of net periodic pension cost is recognized in Total operating costs while the other components are recognized within Other components of net periodic benefit costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations below Operating profit.
 The assets related to our funded pension plans are measured at fair value.
 We make significant subjective judgments about a number of actuarial assumptions, which include discount rates, long-term return on plan assets and mortality rates. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the impact from our pension and other postretirement benefits could vary within a range of outcomes and could have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 We also recognize the present value of pension liabilities associated with the withdrawal from multiemployer pension plans. We record liabilities for obligations related to complete, partial and estimated withdrawals from multiemployer pension plans. The actual liability for estimated withdrawals is not known until each plan completes a final assessment of the withdrawal liability and issues a demand to us. Therefore, we adjust the estimate of our multiemployer pension plan liability as more information becomes available that allows us to refine our estimates.
 See Notes 9 and 10 for additional information regarding pension and other postretirement benefits.
 Revenue Recognition
 Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. A good or service is considered transferred when the customer obtains control, which is when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and/or obtain substantially all of the benefits of an asset.
 Proceeds from subscription revenues are deferred at the time of sale and are recognized on a pro rata basis over the terms of the subscriptions. Payment is typically due upfront and the revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. The deferred proceeds are recorded within Unexpired subscriptions revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Revenue from single-copy sales of our print products is recognized based on date of publication, net of provisions for related returns. Payment for single-copy sales is typically due upon complete satisfaction of our performance obligations. The Company does not have significant financing components or significant payment terms as we only offer industry standard payment terms to our customers.
 When our subscriptions are sold through third parties, we are a principal in the transaction and, therefore, revenues and related costs to third parties for these sales are reported on a gross basis. We are considered a principal if we control a promised good or service before transferring that good or service to the customer. The Company considers several factors to determine if it controls the good or service and therefore is the principal. These factors include (1) if we have primary responsibility for fulfilling the promise; and (2) if we have discretion in establishing price for the specified good or service.
 P. 76 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Advertising revenues are recognized when advertisements are published in newspapers or placed on digital platforms when impressions are delivered or when the ad is displayed over the contractual fixed period of time with respect to certain digital advertising or, each time a user clicks on certain advertisements, net of provisions for estimated rebates and rate adjustments. Creative services fees, including those associated with our branded content studio, are recognized as revenue based on the nature of the services provided.
 We recognize a rebate obligation as a reduction of revenues, based on the amount of estimated rebates that will be earned, related to the underlying revenue transactions during the period. Measurement of the rebate obligation is estimated based on the historical experience of the number of customers that ultimately earn and use the rebate. We recognize an obligation for rate adjustments as a reduction of revenues, based on the amount of estimated post-billing adjustments that will be claimed. Measurement of the rate adjustment reserve is estimated based on historical experience of credits actually issued.
 Payment for advertising is due upon complete satisfaction of our performance obligations. The Company has a formal credit checking policy, procedures and controls in place that evaluate collectability prior to ad publication. Our advertising contracts do not include a significant financing component.
 Other revenues are recognized when the delivery occurs, services are rendered or purchases are made.
 Performance Obligations
 Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price.
 In the case of our digital archive licensing contracts, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations, which consist of (i) the archival content and (ii) the updated content, based on the Company's estimate of the standalone selling price of each of the performance obligations, as they are currently not sold separately.
 In the case of our advertising contracts, we may have performance obligations for future services that have not been recognized in our financial statements. The performance obligations are satisfied over time with revenue recognized over the contract term as the advertising services are provided to the customer.
 Contract Assets
 We record revenue from customers when performance obligations are satisfied. For our digital archive licensing revenue, we record revenue related to the portion of performance obligation (i) satisfied at the commencement of the contract when the customer obtains control of the archival content and (ii) when the updated content is transferred. We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. As the transfer of control represents a right to the contract consideration, we record a contract asset in Other current assets for short-term contract assets and Miscellaneous assets for long-term contract assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for any amounts not yet invoiced to the customer. The contract asset is reclassified to Accounts receivable when the customer is invoiced based on the contractual billing schedule.
 Significant Judgments
 Our contracts with customers sometimes include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. We use an observable price to determine the standalone selling price for separate performance obligations if available or, when not available, an estimate that maximizes the use of observable inputs and faithfully depicts the selling price of the promised goods or services if we sold those goods or services separately to a similar customer in similar circumstances.
 Practical Expedients and Exemptions
 We expense the cost to obtain or fulfill a contract as incurred because the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. We also apply the practical expedient for the significant financing component when the difference between the payment and the transfer of the products and services is a year or less.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 77

 Income Taxes
 Income taxes are recognized for the following: (1) the amount of taxes payable for the current year and (2) deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized differently in the financial statements than for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established using statutory tax rates and are adjusted for tax rate changes in the period of enactment.
 We assess whether our deferred tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our process includes collecting positive (i.e., sources of taxable income) and negative (i.e., recent historical losses) evidence and assessing, based on the evidence, whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
 We release tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) for pension and other postretirement benefits on a plan-by-plan approach.
 We recognize in our financial statements the impact of a tax position if that tax position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the tax position. This involves the identification of potential uncertain tax positions, the evaluation of tax law and an assessment of whether a liability for uncertain tax positions is necessary. Different conclusions reached in this assessment can have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 We operate within multiple taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues, which could require an extended period to resolve. Until formal resolutions are reached between us and the taxing authorities, determining the timing and amount of possible audit settlements relating to uncertain tax positions is not practicable.
 Stock-Based Compensation
 We establish fair value based on market data for our stock-based awards to determine our cost and recognize the related expense over the appropriate vesting period. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for outstanding stock-settled long-term performance awards, restricted stock units and our Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), net of estimated forfeitures. See Note 14 for additional information related to stock-based compensation expense.
 Earnings/(Loss) Per Share
 As the Company has participating securities, we compute earnings per share based upon the lower of the two-class method or the treasury stock method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method for computing earnings/(loss) per share when a company's capital structure includes either two or more classes of common stock or common stock and participating securities. This method determines earnings/(loss) per share based on dividends declared on common stock and participating securities (i.e., distributed earnings), as well as participation rights of participating securities in any undistributed earnings.
 Basic earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings/(loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings/(loss) per share is calculated similarly, except that it includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of securities and the effect of shares issuable under our Company's stock-based incentive plans if such effect is dilutive.
 Foreign Currency Translation
 The assets and liabilities of foreign companies are translated at period-end exchange rates. Results of operations are translated at average rates of exchange in effect during the year. The resulting translation adjustment is included as a separate component in the Stockholders' Equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets, in the caption Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes.
 P. 78 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued authoritative guidance on the following topics:

 Accounting Standard Update(s)
 Topic
 Effective Period
 Summary

 2023-09
 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
 Fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted.
 Requires entities to provide disaggregated income tax disclosures on the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company's disclosures.

 2023-07
 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
 Fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted.
 Requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items to reconcile to segment profit or loss, and the title and position of the entity's CODM. The amendments in this update also expand the interim segment disclosure requirements. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company's disclosures.

 The Company considers the applicability and impact of all recently issued accounting pronouncements. Recent accounting pronouncements not specifically identified in our disclosures are either not applicable to the Company or not expected to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

 3. Revenue
 We generate revenues principally from subscriptions and advertising.
 Subscription revenues consist of revenues from subscriptions to our digital and print products (which include our news product, as well as The Athletic and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products), and single-copy and bulk sales of our print products. Subscription revenues are based on both the number of digital-only subscriptions and copies of the printed newspaper sold, and the rates charged to the respective customers.
 Advertising revenue is generated principally from advertisers (such as technology, financial and luxury goods companies) promoting products, services or brands on digital platforms in the form of display ads, audio and video, and in print in the form of column-inch ads. Advertising revenue is generated primarily from offerings sold directly to marketers by our advertising sales teams. A smaller proportion of our total advertising revenues is generated through open-market programmatic auctions run by third-party ad exchanges. Advertising revenue is primarily determined by the volume (e.g., impressions), rate and mix of advertisements. Digital advertising includes our core digital advertising business and other digital advertising. Our core digital advertising business includes direct-sold website, mobile application, podcast, email and video advertisements (including direct-sold programmatic advertising). Direct-sold display advertising, a component of core digital advertising, includes offerings on websites and mobile applications sold directly to marketers by our advertising sales teams. Other digital advertising includes open-market programmatic advertising and creative services fees. Print advertising includes revenue from column-inch ads and classified advertising as well as preprinted advertising, also known as freestanding inserts. NYTG has revenue from all categories discussed above. The Athletic has revenue from direct-sold display advertising (including direct-sold programmatic advertising), podcast, email and video advertisements and open-market programmatic advertising. There is no print advertising revenue generated from The Athletic.
 Other revenues primarily consist of revenues from Wirecutter affiliate referrals, licensing, commercial printing, the leasing of floors in our Company Headquarters, television and film, retail commerce, our live events business and our student subscription sponsorship program.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 79

 Subscription, advertising and other revenues were as follows:

 As %
 As %
 As %

 $
 68.3
 %
 $
 67.3
 %
 $
 1,362,115
 65.6
 %

 20.8
 %
 22.7
 %
 497,536
 24.0
 %

 Other (1)

 10.9
 %
 10.0
 %
 215,226
 10.4
 %

 Total
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 2,074,877
 100.0
 %

 (1) Other revenue includes building rental revenue, which is not under the scope of Topic 606. Building rental revenue was approximately $ 27 million, $ 29 million and $ 27 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively.
 The following table summarizes digital and print subscription revenues, which are components of subscription revenues above, for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021:

 As %
 As %
 As %

 Digital-only subscription revenues (1)

 $
 1,099,439
 66.4
 %
 $
 978,574
 63.0
 %
 $
 773,882
 56.8
 %

 Print subscription revenues (2)

 556,714
 33.6
 %
 573,788
 37.0
 %
 588,233
 43.2
 %

 Total subscription revenues
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 1,362,115
 100.0
 %

 (1) Includes revenue from bundled and standalone subscriptions to our news product, as well as The Athletic and our Cooking, Games and Wirecutter products.

 (2) Includes domestic home-delivery subscriptions, which include access to our digital products. Also includes single-copy, NYT International and Other subscription revenues.

 The following table summarizes digital and print advertising revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021:

 As %
 As %
 As %

 Advertising revenues

 Digital
 $
 317,744
 62.9
 %
 $
 318,440
 60.9
 %
 $
 308,616
 62.0
 %

 Print
 187,462
 37.1
 %
 204,848
 39.1
 %
 188,920
 38.0
 %

 Total advertising
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 100.0
 %
 $
 497,536
 100.0
 %

 Performance Obligations
 We have remaining performance obligations related to digital archive and other licensing and certain advertising contracts. As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for contracts with a duration greater than one year was approximately $ 193 million. The Company will recognize this revenue as performance obligations are satisfied. We expect that approximately $ 95 million, $ 67 million, and $ 31 million will be recognized in 2024, 2025 and thereafter through 2028, respectively.
 Unexpired Subscriptions
 Payments for subscriptions are typically due upfront and the revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. The proceeds are recorded within Unexpired subscriptions revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Total unexpired subscriptions as of December 31, 2022 were $ 155.9 million, of which approximately $ 152.3 million was recognized as revenues during the year ended December 31, 2023.
 P. 80 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Contract Assets
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had $ 3.5 million and $ 3.8 million, respectively, in contract assets recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to digital archive licensing revenue. The contract asset is reclassified to Accounts receivable when the customer is invoiced based on the contractual billing schedule.

 4. Marketable Securities
 The Company accounts for its marketable securities as AFS. The Company recorded $ 0.7 million and $ 11.4 million of net unrealized losses, respectively, in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair market value of our AFS securities as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

 Amortized Cost
 Gross Unrealized Gains

 Short-term AFS securities

 $
 109,891
 $
 $
 ( 1,828)
 $
 108,069

 48,721
 ( 667)
 48,109

 6,000
 —
 ( 84)
 5,916

 $
 164,612
 $
 $
 ( 2,579)
 $
 162,094

 Long-term AFS securities

 $
 148,878
 $
 1,023
 $
 ( 42)
 $
 149,859

 103,061
 ( 5)
 103,942

 3,857
 —
 ( 25)
 3,832

 $
 255,796
 $
 1,909
 $
 ( 72)
 $
 257,633

 Amortized Cost
 Gross Unrealized Gains

 Short-term AFS securities

 $
 52,315
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,286)
 $
 51,029

 45,096
 —
 ( 963)

 22,806
 —
 ( 722)

 Municipal securities
 8,903
 —
 ( 177)
 8,726

 $
 129,120
 $
 —
 $
 ( 3,148)
 $

 Long-term AFS securities

 $
 25,990
 $
 —
 $
 ( 1,576)
 $
 24,414

 115,207
 —
 ( 6,377)
 108,830

 5,999
 —
 ( 326)
 5,673

 $
 147,196
 $
 —
 $
 ( 8,279)
 $

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 81

 The following tables present the AFS securities as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, that were in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:

 Less than 12 Months
 12 Months or Greater
 Total

 Short-term AFS securities

 $
 5,819
 $
 ( 5)
 $
 99,504
 $
 ( 1,823)
 $
 105,323
 $
 ( 1,828)

 ( 1)
 24,978
 ( 666)
 25,973
 ( 667)

 —
 —
 5,916
 ( 84)
 5,916
 ( 84)

 $
 6,814
 $
 ( 6)
 $
 130,398
 $
 ( 2,573)
 $
 137,212
 $
 ( 2,579)

 Long-term AFS securities

 $
 14,792
 $
 ( 36)
 $
 $
 ( 6)
 $
 15,082
 $
 ( 42)

 2,451
 —
 ( 5)
 2,696
 ( 5)

 3,832
 ( 25)
 —
 —
 3,832
 ( 25)

 $
 21,075
 $
 ( 61)
 $
 $
 ( 11)
 $
 21,610
 $
 ( 72)

 Less than 12 Months
 12 Months or Greater
 Total

 Short-term AFS securities

 $
 3,799
 $
 ( 11)
 $
 47,230
 $
 ( 1,275)
 $
 51,029
 $
 ( 1,286)

 —
 —
 ( 963)
 ( 963)

 —
 —
 ( 722)
 ( 722)

 Municipal securities
 —
 —
 8,726
 ( 177)
 8,726
 ( 177)

 $
 3,799
 $
 ( 11)
 $
 122,173
 $
 ( 3,137)
 $
 $
 ( 3,148)

 Long-term AFS securities

 $
 2,004
 $
 ( 57)
 $
 106,826
 $
 ( 6,320)
 $
 108,830
 $
 ( 6,377)

 ( 9)
 24,132
 ( 1,567)
 24,414
 ( 1,576)

 —
 —
 5,673
 ( 326)
 5,673
 ( 326)

 $
 2,286
 $
 ( 66)
 $
 136,631
 $
 ( 8,213)
 $
 $
 ( 8,279)

 We assess AFS securities on a quarterly basis or more often if a potential loss-triggering event occurs. See Note 2 for factors we consider when assessing AFS securities for recognition of losses or allowance for credit losses.
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not intend to sell and it was not likely that we would be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Unrealized losses related to these investments are primarily due to interest rate fluctuations as opposed to changes in credit quality. Therefore, as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we have no realized losses or allowance for credit losses related to AFS securities.
 As of December 31, 2023, our short-term and long-term marketable securities had remaining maturities of less than one month to 12 months, and 13 months to 26 months, respectively. See Note 8 for additional information regarding the fair value hierarchy of our marketable securities.
 P. 82 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 5. Business Combination
 The Athletic Acquisition
 The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
 On February 1, 2022, the Company acquired The Athletic in an all-cash transaction. The consideration paid of approximately $ 550.0 million was funded from cash on hand and included $ 523.5 million, which we determined to be the purchase price for assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and $ 26.7 million paid in connection with the acceleration of The Athletic stock options. The stock options acceleration is included in Acquisition-related costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company finalized the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisition of The Athletic within the required measurement period of one year.
 The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price (at fair value) to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of The Athletic as of February 1, 2022 (the date of acquisition):

 Purchase Price Allocation
 Estimated Useful Life (in years)

 Total current assets
 $
 18,495

 Property, plant and equipment
 3 - 5

 Right of use asset (1)

 2,612

 Trademark (2)

 160,000

 Existing subscriber base (2)

 135,000

 Developed technology (2)

 35,000

 Content archive (2)

 2,000

 Goodwill (5)

 251,360
 Indefinite

 Total current liabilities (3)(5)

 ( 41,399)

 Other liabilities — Other

 ( 3,491)

 Deferred tax liability, net (4)(5)

 ( 36,392)

 Total purchase price
 $
 523,466

 (1) Included in Miscellaneous assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (2) Included in Intangible assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (3) Includes Unexpired subscriptions revenue of $ 28.1 million.
 (4) Included in Deferred income taxes in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 (5) Includes measurement period adjustment related to deferred tax asset and working capital adjustments.
 Goodwill is primarily attributable to future subscribers expected to be acquired both organically and through synergies from adding The Athletic to the Company's products as well as the acquired assembled workforce. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of trademarks is estimated using a relief from royalty valuation method, the fair value of subscriber relationships is estimated using a multi-period excess earnings valuation method, and the fair value of developed technology and content archive is estimated using a replacement cost method.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 83

 The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company, including The Athletic, as if the business combination had occurred on December 28, 2020, the first day of fiscal year ended December 26, 2021, which is the earliest period presented herein:

 Revenue
 $
 2,315,468
 $
 2,142,202

 197,225
 128,330

 Adjustments made to the pro forma summary include (1) transaction costs and other one-time non-recurring costs that reduced expenses by $ 47.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and increased expenses by $ 47.8 million for the year ended December 26, 2021; (2) recognition of additional amortization related to the intangible assets acquired; (3) alignment of accounting policies; and (4) recognition of the estimated income tax impact of the pro forma adjustments. The pro forma summary does not reflect cost savings or operating synergies expected to result from the acquisition. These pro forma results are illustrative only and not indicative of the actual results of operations that would have been achieved nor are they indicative of future results of operations.
 Goodwill and Intangibles
 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of December 31, 2023, and since December 26, 2021, were as follows:

 The New York Times Group
 Total Company

 Balance as of December 26, 2021
 $
 166,360
 $
 —
 $
 166,360

 Foreign currency translation
 ( 3,674)
 —
 ( 3,674)

 Acquisition of The Athletic Media Company
 —
 249,792
 249,792

 Measurement period adjustments(1)

 —
 1,568
 1,568

 Balance as of December 31, 2022
 162,686
 251,360
 414,046

 Foreign currency translation
 2,052
 —
 2,052

 Balance as of December 31, 2023
 $
 164,738
 $
 251,360
 $
 416,098

 (1) Includes measurement period adjustment related to deferred tax asset and working capital adjustments in connection with The Athletic Media Company acquisition.
 The foreign currency translation line item in AOCI reflects changes in goodwill resulting from fluctuating exchange rates related to the consolidation of certain international subsidiaries.
 For the 2023 annual impairment testing, based on our qualitative assessment, we concluded that goodwill is not impaired. For the 2022 annual impairment testing, based on our qualitative assessment, we concluded that goodwill is not impaired.
 During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we reduced our long-term advertising and subscription revenue expectations for our Serial podcasts. As a result, we performed an interim quantitative impairment test for the Serial indefinite-lived intangible asset. We compared the fair value of the Serial trademark, calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis, to its carrying value and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $ 2.5 million. This charge is included in Impairment charges in our Consolidated Statement of Operations within the New York Times Group operating segment. As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset included in Intangible assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets was $ 2.5 million and $ 5.0 million, respectively. See Note 2 for factors the Company considers when assessing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. The 2023 annual impairment test did not identify any further impairments.
 P. 84 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 In our 2022 annual impairment testing, we performed a quantitative assessment of our indefinite-lived intangible asset relating to our Serial podcast. We reassessed the fair value of the asset and, due to a decrease in advertiser demand, slower production of shows for our Serial podcast as well as the macroeconomic environment, recorded an impairment charge of $ 4.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. This charge is included in Impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations within the New York Times Group operating segment.
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the gross book value and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets with definite lives were as follows:

 Gross book value
 Accumulated amortization
 Net book value
 Weighted-Average Useful Life (Years)

 Trademark
 $
 162,618
 $
 ( 17,767)
 $
 144,851
 18.3

 Existing subscriber base
 136,500
 ( 23,062)
 113,438
 10.2

 Developed technology
 38,401
 ( 15,381)
 23,020
 3.2

 Content archive
 5,751
 ( 4,047)
 1,704
 2.5

 Total
 $
 343,270
 $
 ( 60,257)
 $
 283,013
 13.7

 Gross book value
 Accumulated amortization
 Net book value
 Weighted-Average Useful Life (Years)

 Trademark
 $
 162,618
 $
 ( 8,661)
 $
 153,957
 19.2

 Existing subscriber base
 136,500
 ( 11,812)
 124,688
 11.2

 Developed technology
 38,401
 ( 8,043)
 30,358
 4.2

 Content archive
 5,751
 ( 2,420)
 3,331
 2.8

 Total
 $
 343,270
 $
 ( 30,936)
 $
 312,334
 14.4

 Amortization expense for intangible assets included in Depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $ 29.3 million and $ 27.1 million, respectively.
 In 2023 and 2022, we did not identify any impairments related to intangible assets with definite lives.
 The estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the following fiscal years ending December 31 is presented below:

 2024
 $
 27,479

 2025
 27,213

 2026
 26,960

 2027
 20,171

 2028
 19,335

 Thereafter
 161,855

 Total amortization expense
 $
 283,013

 As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate carrying amount of intangible assets of $ 285.5 million, which includes an indefinite-lived intangible of $ 2.5 million, is recorded in Intangible Assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 85

 6. Investments
 Investments in Joint Ventures
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the value of our investments in joint ventures was zero. Our proportionate shares of the operating results of our investments are recorded in Gain from joint ventures in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 Madison
 The Company and UPM-Kymmene Corporation ("UPM"), a Finnish paper manufacturing company, were partners through subsidiary companies in Madison. The Company's 40 % ownership of Madison was through an 80 %-owned consolidated subsidiary that owned 50 % of Madison. UPM owned 60 % of Madison, including a 10 % interest through a 20 % noncontrolling interest in the consolidated subsidiary of the Company. In 2016, the paper mill closed and the Company's joint venture in Madison was fully liquidated in December 2023.
 In the fourth quarter of 2023, we had a gain from joint ventures of $ 2.5 million. The gain was due to our proportionate share of a distribution received from the final liquidation of Madison. In conjunction with this distribution, the Company purchased UPM's 20 % noncontrolling interest in the Company's consolidated subsidiary and the Madison joint venture was dissolved. In 2022 and 2021, we had no gain/(loss) or distributions from joint ventures.
 Non-Marketable Equity Securities
 Our non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies/funds without readily determinable market values. Gains and losses on non-marketable securities sold or impaired are recognized in Interest income and other, net.
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, non-marketable equity securities included in Miscellaneous assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets had a carrying value of $ 29.7 million and $ 29.8 million, respectively. The carrying value includes $ 15.3 million of unrealized gains as of December 31, 2023.
 In 2021, we recorded a gain of $ 27.2 million related to non-marketable equity investment transactions. This gain consists of (i) $ 15.2 million realized gains due to the partial sale of the investment and (ii) $ 12.0 million unrealized gains due to the mark to market of the remaining investment. These realized and unrealized gains are included in Interest income and other, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 7. Other
 Capitalized Computer Software Costs
 Amortization of capitalized computer software costs included in Depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of Operations was $ 7.8 million, $ 7.9 million and $ 9.1 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively. The unamortized computer software costs were $ 13.4 million and $ 11.2 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 Marketing Expenses
 Marketing expense, the cost to promote our brand and our products, was $ 138.3 million, $ 151.1 million and $ 199.7 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively. Media expense, the primary component of marketing expense, which represents the cost to promote our subscription business was $ 117.7 million, $ 134.1 million and $ 187.3 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively. We expense these costs as incurred.
 P. 86 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Interest income and other, net
 Interest income and other, net, as shown in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, was as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Interest income and other expense, net (1)

 $
 22,116
 $
 7,264
 $
 6,569

 Gain on the sale of land (1)

 —
 34,227
 —

 Gain on non-marketable equity investment (2)

 —
 —
 27,156

 Interest expense
 ( 1,014)
 ( 800)
 ( 780)

 Total interest income and other, net
 $
 21,102
 $
 40,691
 $
 32,945

 (1) On December 9, 2020, we entered into an agreement to lease and subsequently sell approximately four acres of land at our printing and distribution facility in College Point, N.Y., subject to certain conditions. The lease commenced on April 11, 2022. At the time of the lease expiration in February 2025, we will sell the parcel to the lessee for approximately $ 36 million. The transaction is accounted for as a sales-type lease and, as a result, we recognized a gain of approximately $ 34 million (net of commissions) at the time of lease commencement. In 2023, we recorded $ 1.8 million in interest income related to this lease.
 (2) Represents gains related to a non-marketable equity investment transaction.
 Restricted Cash
 A reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, from the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is as follows:

 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 Cash and cash equivalents
 $
 289,472
 $
 221,385

 Restricted cash included within miscellaneous assets
 13,700
 13,788

 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 $
 303,172
 $
 235,173

 Substantially all of the amount included in restricted cash is set aside to collateralize workers' compensation obligations.
 Revolving Credit Facility
 In September 2019, the Company entered into a $ 250.0 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (the "2019 Credit Facility"). On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Credit Facility that, among other changes, increased the committed amount to $ 350.0 million and extended the maturity date to July 27, 2027 (as amended and restated, the "Credit Facility"). Certain of the Company's domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed the Company's obligations under the Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at specified rates based on our utilization and consolidated leverage ratio. The Credit Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.20 %.
 As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility and the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Credit Facility.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 87

 Severance Costs
 We recognized severance costs of $ 7.6 million, $ 4.7 million and $ 0.9 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively. Severance costs recognized were largely related to workforce reductions primarily affecting our general and administrative function. These costs are recorded in General and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 We had a severance liability of $ 4.4 million included in Accrued expenses and other in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of both December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. We anticipate the payments related to the 2023 liability will be made within the next twelve months.
 Property, Plant and Equipment Retirement
 During the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, as part of its annual assets review, the Company retired assets that were no longer in use with a cost of approximately $ 10.0 million and $ 11.1 million, respectively. The retirements in 2023 and 2022 were composed mostly of equipment and software. As a result of the retirements, the Company recorded de minimis write-offs, which are reflected in General and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 8. Fair Value Measurements
 Fair value is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The transaction would be in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, based on assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy consists of three levels:
 Level 1–quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date;
 Level 2–inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
 Level 3–unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
 Assets/Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had assets related to our qualified pension plans measured at fair value. The required disclosures regarding such assets are presented in Note 9.
 P. 88 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

 Total
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3
 Total
 Level 1
 Level 2
 Level 3

 Assets:

 Short-term AFS securities(1)

 $
 108,069
 $
 —
 $
 108,069
 $
 —
 51,029
 —
 51,029
 —

 48,109
 —
 48,109
 —
 —
 —

 5,916
 —
 5,916
 —
 —
 —

 Municipal securities
 —
 —
 —
 —
 8,726
 —
 8,726
 —

 $
 162,094
 $
 —
 $
 162,094
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —

 Long-term AFS securities(1)

 $
 149,859
 $
 —
 $
 149,859
 $
 —
 $
 24,414
 $
 —
 $
 24,414
 $
 —

 $
 103,942
 $
 —
 $
 103,942
 $
 —
 $
 108,830
 $
 —
 $
 108,830
 $
 —

 3,832
 —
 3,832
 —
 5,673
 —
 5,673
 —

 $
 257,633
 $
 —
 $
 257,633
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 —

 Liabilities:

 Deferred compensation(2)(3)

 $
 13,752
 $
 13,752
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 14,635
 $
 14,635
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Contingent consideration
 $
 4,991
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 4,991
 $
 5,324
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 5,324

 (1) We classified these investments as Level 2 since the fair value is based on market observable inputs for investments with similar terms and maturities.
 (2) The deferred compensation liability, included in Other liabilities—Other in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, consists of deferrals under The New York Times Company Deferred Executive Compensation Plan (the "DEC"), a frozen plan that enabled certain eligible executives to elect to defer a portion of their compensation on a pre-tax basis. The deferred amounts are invested at the executives' option in various mutual funds. The fair value of deferred compensation is based on the mutual fund investments elected by the executives and on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Participation in the DEC was frozen effective December 31, 2015.
 (3) The Company invests the deferred compensation balance in life insurance products. Our investments in life insurance products are included in Miscellaneous assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and were $ 52.3 million as of December 31, 2023, and $ 48.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The fair value of these assets is measured using the net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) and has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
 Level 3 Liabilities
 The contingent consideration liability is related to the 2020 acquisition of substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of Serial and represents contingent payments based on the achievement of certain operational targets, as defined in the acquisition agreement, over the five years following the acquisition. The Company estimated the fair value using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. The estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration requires subjective assumptions to be made regarding probabilities assigned to operational targets and the discount rate. As the fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs, this is a Level 3 liability.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 89

 The following table presents the changes in the balance of the contingent consideration during the year ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

 Balance at the beginning of the period
 $
 5,324
 $
 7,450

 Payments
 ( 3,448)
 ( 2,586)

 Fair value adjustments (1)

 3,115

 Contingent consideration at the end of the period
 $
 4,991
 $
 5,324

 (1) Fair value adjustments are included in General and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 The remaining contingent consideration balances as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, of $ 5.0 million and $ 5.3 million, respectively, are included in Accrued expenses and other, for the current portion of the liability, and Other liabilities — Other, for the long-term portion of the liability, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
 Certain non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and certain investments are recognized at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are measured at fair value if an impairment charge is recognized. We classified all of these measurements as Level 3, as we used unobservable inputs within the valuation methodologies that were significant to the fair value measurements, and the valuations required management's judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices.

 9. Pension Benefits
 Single-Employer Plans
 We maintain The New York Times Companies Pension Plan (the "Pension Plan"), a frozen single-employer defined benefit pension plan. The Company also jointly sponsors a defined benefit plan with The NewsGuild of New York known as the Guild-Times Adjustable Pension Plan (the "APP") that continues to accrue active benefits.
 We also have a foreign-based pension plan for certain employees (the "foreign plan"). The information for the foreign plan is combined with the information for U.S. non-qualified plans. The benefit obligation of the foreign plan is immaterial to our total benefit obligation.
 Net Periodic Pension Cost
 The components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:

Plans
 Non-
Plans
 All
Plans
Plans
 Non-
Plans
 All
Plans
Plans
 Non-
Plans
 All
Plans

 Service cost
 $
 5,669
 $
 $
 5,742
 $
 11,526
 $
 $
 11,631
 $
 9,105
 $
 $
 9,200

 Interest cost
 56,793
 9,218
 66,011
 35,350
 5,142
 40,492
 30,517
 4,352
 34,869

 Expected return on plan assets
 ( 76,489)
 —
 ( 76,489)
 ( 55,229)
 —
 ( 55,229)
 ( 50,711)
 —
 ( 50,711)

 Amortization and other costs
 2,654
 3,538
 6,192
 13,065
 6,572
 19,637
 20,225
 7,275
 27,500

 Amortization of prior service (credit)/cost
 ( 1,945)
 ( 1,895)
 ( 1,945)
 ( 1,897)
 ( 1,945)
 ( 1,890)

 Effect of settlement/curtailment
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 ( 163)
 ( 163)

 Net periodic pension (credit)/cost
 $
 ( 13,318)
 $
 12,879
 $
 ( 439)
 $
 2,767
 $
 11,867
 $
 14,634
 $
 7,191
 $
 11,614
 $
 18,805

 P. 90 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Net actuarial loss/(gain)
 $
 19,100
 $
 ( 22,500)
 $
 ( 25,585)

 Amortization of loss
 ( 6,192)
 ( 19,637)
 ( 27,500)

 Amortization of prior service credit
 1,895
 1,897
 1,890

 Total recognized in other comprehensive income
 14,803
 ( 40,240)
 ( 51,195)

 Net periodic pension (credit)/cost
 ( 439)
 14,634
 18,805

 Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost and other comprehensive income
 $
 14,364
 $
 ( 25,606)
 $
 ( 32,390)

 Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using a corridor approach. The gain or loss corridor is equal to 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation and the market-related value of assets. Gains and losses in excess of the corridor are generally amortized over the future working lifetime for the ongoing plans and average life expectancy for the frozen plans.
 We also contribute to defined contribution benefit plans. The amount of cost recognized for defined contribution benefit plans was approximately $ 39 million for 2023, $ 29 million for 2022 and $ 33 million for 2021, respectively.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 91

 Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets
 The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss were as follows:

Plans
 Non-
Plans
 All Plans
Plans
 Non-
Plans
 All Plans

 Change in benefit obligation

 Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 $
 1,076,412
 $
 179,608
 $
 1,256,020
 $
 1,475,764
 $
 239,190
 $
 1,714,954

 Service cost
 5,669
 5,742
 11,526
 11,631

 Interest cost
 56,793
 9,218
 66,011
 35,350
 5,142
 40,492

 Actuarial loss/(gain)
 39,116
 8,089
 47,205
 ( 374,109)
 ( 46,835)
 ( 420,944)

 Benefits paid
 ( 109,501)
 ( 16,463)
 ( 125,964)
 ( 72,119)
 ( 17,917)
 ( 90,036)

 Effects of change in currency conversion
 —
 —
 ( 77)
 ( 77)

 Benefit obligation at end of year
 1,068,489
 180,556
 1,249,045
 1,076,412
 179,608
 1,256,020

 Change in plan assets

 Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 —
 1,550,078
 —
 1,550,078

 Actual return on plan assets
 104,595
 —
 104,595
 ( 343,215)
 —
 ( 343,215)

 Employer contributions
 10,478
 16,463
 26,941
 11,189
 17,917
 29,106

 Benefits paid
 ( 109,501)
 ( 16,463)
 ( 125,964)
 ( 72,119)
 ( 17,917)
 ( 90,036)

 Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 —
 —

 Net amount recognized
 $
 $
 ( 180,556)
 $
 ( 97,540)
 $
 $
 ( 179,608)
 $
 ( 110,087)

 Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Pension assets
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $
 $
 —
 $

 Current liabilities
 —
 ( 16,672)
 ( 16,672)
 —
 ( 16,361)
 ( 16,361)

 Noncurrent liabilities
 —
 ( 163,884)
 ( 163,884)
 —
 ( 163,247)
 ( 163,247)

 Net amount recognized
 $
 $
 ( 180,556)
 $
 ( 97,540)
 $
 $
 ( 179,608)
 $
 ( 110,087)

 Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss

 Actuarial loss
 $
 446,500
 $
 73,804
 $
 520,304
 $
 438,145
 $
 69,252
 $
 507,397

 Prior service credit
 ( 9,062)
 ( 8,573)
 ( 11,007)
 ( 10,468)

 Total
 $
 437,438
 $
 74,293
 $
 511,731
 $
 427,138
 $
 69,791
 $
 496,929

 Benefit obligations decreased from $ 1.3 billion at December 31, 2022, to $ 1.2 billion at December 31, 2023, primarily due to benefit payments of $ 126.0 million. Benefit payments includes a lump-sum offer, completed in the fourth quarter of 2023, extended to certain former employees who participated in The New York Times Pension Plan. This completed lump-sum offer did not result in a settlement charge.
 Benefit obligations decreased from $ 1.7 billion at December 26, 2021, to $ 1.3 billion at December 31, 2022, primarily due to actuarial gains of $ 420.9 million, driven by an increase in the discount rate, and benefit payments of $ 90.0 million.
 The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans was $ 1.2 billion and $ 1.3 billion as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 P. 92 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets was as follows:

2023
2022

 Projected benefit obligation
 $
 180,556
 $
 179,608

 Accumulated benefit obligation
 $
 180,269
 $
 179,370

 Fair value of plan assets
 $
 —
 $
 —

 Assumptions
 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine benefit obligations for qualified pension plans were as follows:

2023
2022

 Discount rate
 5.25
 %
 5.66
 %

 Rate of increase in compensation levels
 3.00
 %
 3.00
 %

 The rate of increase in compensation levels is applicable only for the APP that has not been frozen.
 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine net periodic pension cost for qualified plans were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligation
 5.66
 %
 2.94
 %
 2.64
 %

 Discount rate in effect for determining service cost
 5.59
 %
 3.14
 %
 3.87
 %

 Discount rate in effect for determining interest cost
 5.46
 %
 2.45
 %
 2.02
 %

 Rate of increase in compensation levels
 3.00
 %
 3.00
 %
 3.00
 %

 Expected long-term rate of return on assets
 5.61
 %
 3.75
 %
 3.74
 %

 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine benefit obligations for non-qualified plans were as follows:

2023
2022

 Discount rate
 5.21
 %
 5.64
 %

 Rate of increase in compensation levels
 3.00
 %
 3.00
 %

 The rate of increase in compensation levels is applicable only for the foreign plan that has not been frozen.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 93

 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine net periodic pension cost for non-qualified plans were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligation
 5.64
 %
 2.81
 %
 2.39
 %

 Discount rate in effect for determining interest cost
 5.39
 %
 2.24
 %
 1.74
 %

 Rate of increase in compensation levels
 3.00
 %
 2.50
 %
 2.50
 %

 We determined our discount rate using a Ryan ALM, Inc. Curve (the "Ryan Curve"). The Ryan Curve provides the bonds included in the curve and allows adjustments for certain outliers (i.e., bonds on "watch"). We believe the Ryan Curve allows us to calculate an appropriate discount rate.
 To determine our discount rate, we project a cash flow based on annual accrued benefits. The projected plan cash flow is discounted to the measurement date, which is the last day of our fiscal year, using the annual spot rates provided in the Ryan Curve.
 In determining the expected long-term rate of return on assets, we evaluated input from our investment consultants, actuaries and investment management firms, including our review of asset class return expectations, as well as long-term historical asset class returns. Projected returns by such consultants and economists are based on broad equity and bond indices. Our objective is to select an average rate of earnings expected on existing plan assets and expected contributions to the plan during the year, less expense expected to be incurred by the plan during the year.
 The market-related value of plan assets is multiplied by the expected long-term rate of return on assets to compute the expected return on plan assets, a component of net periodic pension cost. The market-related value of plan assets is a calculated value that recognizes changes in fair value over three years.
 Plan Assets
 The Pension Plan
 The assets underlying the Pension Plan are managed by professional investment managers. These investment managers are selected and monitored by the pension investment committee, composed of certain senior executives, who are appointed by the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Finance Committee is responsible for adopting our investment policy, which includes rules regarding the selection and retention of qualified advisors and investment managers. The pension investment committee is responsible for implementing and monitoring compliance with our investment policy, selecting and monitoring investment managers and communicating the investment guidelines and performance objectives to the investment managers.
 Our contributions are made on a basis determined by the actuaries in accordance with the funding requirements and limitations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA") and the Internal Revenue Code. There were no minimum funding requirements during the years ended December 31, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
 Investment Policy and Strategy
 The primary long-term investment objective is to allocate assets in a manner that produces a total rate of return that meets or exceeds the growth of our pension liabilities. An additional investment objective is to utilize the asset mix to hedge liabilities and minimize volatility in the funded status of the Pension Plan.
 Asset Allocation Guidelines
 In accordance with our asset allocation strategy, investments are categorized into liability-hedging assets whose value is highly correlated to that of the Pension Plan's obligations ("Liability-Hedging Assets") or other investments, such as equities and high-yield fixed income securities ("Growth Fixed Income"), whose return over time is expected to exceed the rate of growth in the Pension Plan's obligations ("Return-Seeking Assets").
 P. 94 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The proportional allocation of assets between Liability-Hedging Assets and Return-Seeking Assets is dependent on the funded status of the Pension Plan. Under our policy, for example, a funded status at 102.5 % requires an allocation of total assets of 85.5 % to 90.5 % to Liability-Hedging Assets and 9.5 % to 14.5 % to Return-Seeking Assets. As the Pension Plan's funded status increases, the allocation to Liability-Hedging Assets will increase and the allocation to Return-Seeking Assets will decrease.
 The following asset allocation guidelines apply to the Return-Seeking Assets as of December 31, 2023:

 Percentage Range
 Actual

 Public Equity
 70 %
 -
 90 %
 %

 Growth Fixed Income
 0 %
 -
 15 %
 %

 Alternatives
 0 %
 -
 15 %
 %

 Cash(1)

 0 %
 -
 10 %
 %

 (1) Cash balances exceeded targets as of December 31, 2023 due to immediate cash needs.

 The asset allocations by asset category for both Liability-Hedging and Return-Seeking Assets, as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

 Percentage Range
 Actual

 Liability-Hedging
 85.5 %
 -
 90.5 %
 %

 Public Equity
 6.7 %
 -
 13.1 %
 %

 Growth Fixed Income
 0 %
 -
 2 %
 %

 Alternatives
 0 %
 -
 2 %
 %

 Cash(1)

 0 %
 -
 1 %
 %

 (1) Cash balances exceeded targets as of December 31, 2023 due to immediate cash needs.

 The specified target allocation of assets and ranges set forth above are maintained and reviewed on a periodic basis by the pension investment committee. The pension investment committee may direct the transfer of assets between investment managers in order to rebalance the portfolio in accordance with approved asset allocation ranges to accomplish the investment objectives for the Pension Plan's assets.
 The APP
 The assets underlying the joint Company and The NewsGuild of New York sponsored plan are managed by professional investment managers. These investment managers are selected and monitored by the APP's Board of Trustees (the "APP Trustees"). The APP Trustees are responsible for adopting an investment policy, implementing and monitoring compliance with that policy, selecting and monitoring investment managers, and communicating the investment guidelines and performance objectives to the investment managers.
 Our contributions are made on a basis determined by the actuaries in accordance with the funding requirements and limitations of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code as well as the collective bargaining agreement with NewsGuild of New York (The New York Times).
 Investment Policy and Strategy
 The investment objective is to allocate investment assets in a manner that satisfies the funding objectives of the APP and to maximize the probability of maintaining a 100% funded status.
 Asset Allocation Guidelines
 In accordance with the asset allocation guidelines, investments are segmented into hedging assets whose value is highly correlated to that of the APP's obligations ("Hedging Assets") or other investments, such as equities and high-yield fixed income securities, whose return over time is expected to exceed the rate of growth in the APP's obligations ("Return-Seeking Assets").
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 95

 The asset allocations by asset category as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

 Percentage Range
 Actual

 Hedging Assets
 75 %
 -
 90 %
 %

 Return-Seeking Assets
 10 %
 -
 25 %
 %

 Cash and Equivalents
 0 %
 -
 5 %
 %

 The specified target allocation of assets and ranges set forth above are maintained and reviewed on a periodic basis by the APP Trustees. The APP Trustees may direct the transfer of assets between investment managers in order to rebalance the portfolio in accordance with approved asset allocation ranges to accomplish the investment objectives for the APP's assets.
 Fair Value of Plan Assets
 The fair value of the assets underlying the Pension Plan and the joint-sponsored APP by asset category are as follows:

 Quoted Prices
Markets for
Identical Assets
 Significant
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 Investment
 Measured at Net
 Asset Value(2)

 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)
 Total

 Equity Securities:

 U.S. Equities
 $
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $

 International Equities
 15,776
 —
 —
 —
 15,776

 Registered Investment Companies
 174,024
 —
 —
 —
 174,024

 Common/Collective Funds(1)

 —
 —
 —
 285,387
 285,387

 Fixed Income Securities:

 Corporate Bonds
 —
 537,032
 —
 —
 537,032

 U.S. Treasury and Other Government Securities
 —
 48,993
 —
 —
 48,993

 Municipal and Provincial Bonds
 —
 27,702
 —
 —
 27,702

 Other
 —
 14,711
 —
 —
 14,711

 Cash and Cash Equivalents
 —
 —
 —
 27,516
 27,516

 Private Equity
 —
 —
 —
 4,305
 4,305

 Hedge Fund
 —
 —
 —
 15,664
 15,664

 Assets at Fair Value
 $
 190,195
 $
 628,438
 $
 —
 $
 332,872
 $

 (1)The underlying assets of the common/collective funds primarily consist of equity and fixed income securities. The fair value in the above table represents our ownership share of the NAV of the underlying funds.
 (2)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
 P. 96 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Quoted Prices
Markets for
Identical Assets
 Significant
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 Investment
 Measured at Net
 Asset Value(2)

 (Level 1)
 (Level 2)
 (Level 3)
 Total

 Equity Securities:

 U.S. Equities
 $
 10,548
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 —
 $
 10,548

 International Equities
 23,448
 —
 —
 —
 23,448

 Registered Investment Companies(3)

 171,310
 —
 —
 —
 171,310

 Common/Collective Funds(1)

 —
 —
 —
 288,489
 288,489

 Fixed Income Securities:

 Corporate Bonds
 —
 531,033
 —
 —
 531,033

 U.S. Treasury and Other Government Securities
 —
 46,279
 —
 —
 46,279

 Municipal and Provincial Bonds
 —
 27,851
 —
 —
 27,851

 Other
 —
 12,781
 —
 —
 12,781

 Cash and Cash Equivalents
 —
 —
 —
 15,064
 15,064

 Private Equity
 —
 —
 —
 4,766
 4,766

 Hedge Fund
 —
 —
 —
 14,364
 14,364

 Assets at Fair Value
 $
 205,306
 $
 617,944
 $
 —
 $
 322,683
 $

 (1)The underlying assets of the common/collective funds primarily consist of equity and fixed income securities. The fair value in the above table represents our ownership share of the NAV of the underlying funds.
 (2)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
 Level 1 and Level 2 Investments
 Where quoted prices are available in an active market for identical assets, such as equity securities traded on an exchange, transactions for the asset occur with such frequency that the pricing information is available on an ongoing/daily basis. We classify these types of investments as Level 1 where the fair value represents the closing/last trade price for these particular securities.
 For our investments where pricing data may not be readily available, fair values are estimated by using quoted prices for similar assets, in both active and not active markets, and observable inputs, other than quoted prices, such as interest rates and credit risk. We classify these types of investments as Level 2 because we are able to reasonably estimate the fair value through inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. There are no restrictions on our ability to sell any of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments.
 Cash Flows
 In 2023, we made contributions to the APP in the amount of $ 10.5 million. We expect contributions made to satisfy minimum funding requirements to total approximately $ 13 million in 2024.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 97

 The following benefit payments, which reflect future service for plans that have not been frozen, are expected to be paid:

 Plans

 Non-
 Total

 2024
 $
 75,066
 $
 17,062
 $
 92,128

 2025
 76,551
 16,468
 93,019

 2026
 77,850
 16,232
 94,082

 2027
 78,841
 16,063
 94,904

 2028
 79,553
 15,915
 95,468

 2029-2033(1)

 399,518
 71,887
 471,405

 (1) While benefit payments under these plans are expected to continue beyond 2033, we have presented in this table only those benefit payments estimated over the next 10 years.
 Multiemployer Plans
 We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of various collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. Certain events, such as amendments to various collective bargaining agreements and the sale of the New England Media Group, resulted in withdrawals from multiemployer pension plans. These actions, along with a reduction in covered employees, have resulted in us estimating withdrawal liabilities to the respective plans for our proportionate share of any unfunded vested benefits.
 Our multiemployer pension plan withdrawal liability was approximately $ 68 million and $ 74 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This liability represents the present value of the obligations related to complete and partial withdrawals that have already occurred as well as an estimate of future partial withdrawals that we considered probable and reasonably estimable. For those plans that have yet to provide us with a demand letter, the actual liability will not be fully known until such plans complete a final assessment of the withdrawal liability and issue a demand to us. Therefore, the estimate of our multiemployer pension plan liability will be adjusted as more information becomes available that allows us to refine our estimates.
 In 2023, the Company recorded a $ 2.3 million gain related to a multiemployer pension plan liability adjustment, which was partially offset by a $ 1.7 million charge in connection with the Company's withdrawal from a plan. These were recorded in Multiemployer pension plan liability adjustment in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
 In 2022, the Company recorded a $ 22.1 million charge in connection with the Company's withdrawal from a plan, which was partially offset by a $ 7.1 million gain related to a multiemployer pension liability adjustment. These were recorded in Multiemployer pension plan liability adjustment in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
 The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects:
 • Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.
 • If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers.
 • If we elect to withdraw from these plans or if we trigger a partial withdrawal due to declines in contribution base units or a partial cessation of our obligation to contribute, we may be assessed a withdrawal liability based on a calculated share of the underfunded status of the plan.
 • If a multiemployer plan from which we have withdrawn subsequently experiences a mass withdrawal, we may be required to make additional contributions under applicable law.
 P. 98 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Our participation in significant plans for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2023, is outlined in the table below. The "EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employer Identification Number ("EIN") and the three-digit plan number. The zone status is based on the latest information that we received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. A plan is generally classified in critical status if a funding deficiency is projected within four years or five years, depending on other criteria. A plan in critical status is classified in critical and declining status if it is projected to become insolvent in the next 15 or 20 years, depending on other criteria.
 A plan is classified in endangered status if its funded percentage is less than 80% or a funding deficiency is projected within seven years. If the plan satisfies both of these triggers, it is classified in seriously endangered status. A plan not classified in any other status is classified in the green zone. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a funding improvement plan ("FIP") or a rehabilitation plan ("RP") is either pending or has been implemented. The "Surcharge Imposed" column includes plans in a red zone status that are required to pay a surcharge in excess of regular contributions. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the collective bargaining agreement(s) to which the plans are subject.
 The Company withdrew from the Pressmen's Publishers' Pension Fund and the Paper Handlers' - Publishers' Pension Fund during fiscal year 2023.

 EIN/Pension Plan Number
 Pension Protection Act Zone Status
 FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented
 (In thousands) Contributions of the Company
 Surcharge Imposed
 Collective Bargaining Agreement Expiration Date

 Pension Fund
 2023
 2022
 2023(4)

 2022
 2021

 CWA/ITU Negotiated Pension Plan
 13-6212879-001
 Critical and Declining as of 1/01/23
 Critical and Declining as of 1/01/22
 Implemented
 $
 $
 $
 No
 (1)

 Newspaper and Mail Deliverers'-Publishers' Pension Fund(2)

 13-6122251-001
 Green as of 6/01/23
 Green as of 6/01/22
 N/A
 No
 3/30/2026

 GCIU-Employer Retirement Benefit Plan
 91-6024903-001
 Critical and Declining as of 1/01/23
 Critical and Declining as of 1/01/22
 Implemented
 No
 3/30/2026

 Pressmen's Publishers' Pension Fund
 13-6121627-001
 N/A(3)

 Green as of 4/01/22
 N/A
 1,447
 1,337
 No
 3/30/2027

 Paper Handlers'-Publishers' Pension Fund
 13-6104795-001
 Critical and Declining as of 4/01/23
 Critical and Declining as of 4/01/22
 Implemented
 Yes
 3/30/2026

 Contributions for individually significant plans
 $
 1,156
 $
 2,731
 $
 2,764

 Contributions for a plan not individually significant
 $
 $
 $

 Total Contributions
 $
 1,185
 $
 2,767
 $
 2,797

 (1)There are two collective bargaining agreements requiring contributions to this plan: Mailers, which expired November 30, 2023, and Typographers, which expires March 30, 2025.
 (2)Elections under the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010: Extended Amortization of Net Investment Losses (IRC Section 431(b)(8)(A)) and the Expanded Smoothing Period (IRC Section 431(b)(8)(B)).
 (3)The plan terminated by mass withdrawal prior to the start of the 2023 plan year.
 (4)The Company withdrew from the Pressmen's Publishers' Pension Fund and the Paper Handlers' - Publishers' Pension Fund during calendar year 2023.
 The rehabilitation plan for the GCIU-Employer Retirement Benefit Plan includes minimum annual contributions no less than the total annual contribution made by us from September 1, 2008, through August 31, 2009.
 The Company was listed in the plans' respective Forms 5500 as providing more than 5% of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years:
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 99

 Pension Fund
 Year Contributions to Plan Exceeded More Than 5% of Total Contributions (as of Plan's Year-End)

 CWA/ITU Negotiated Pension Plan
 12/31/2021

 Newspaper and Mail Deliverers'-Publishers' Pension Fund
 5/31/2022 & 5/31/2021(1)

 Pressmen's Publisher's Pension Fund
 3/31/2023 & 3/31/2022

 Paper Handlers'-Publishers' Pension Fund
 3/31/2023 & 3/31/2022

 (1) Form 5500 for the plan year ended 5/31/2023 was not available as of the date we filed our financial statements.

 10. Other Postretirement Benefits
 We provide health benefits to certain primarily grandfathered retired employee groups (and their eligible dependents) who meet the definition of an eligible participant and certain age and service requirements, as outlined in the plan document. There is a de minimis liability for retiree health benefits for active employees. While we offer pre-age 65 retiree medical coverage to employees who meet certain retiree medical eligibility requirements, we do not provide post-age 65 retiree medical benefits for employees who retired on or after March 1, 2009. We accrue the costs of postretirement benefits during the employees' active years of service and our policy is to pay our portion of insurance premiums and claims from general corporate assets.
 Net Periodic Other Postretirement Benefit Cost
 The components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Service cost
 $
 $
 $

 Interest cost
 1,500

 Amortization and other costs
 1,945
 3,293
 3,407

 Amortization of prior service credit
 —
 ( 368)
 ( 3,098)

 Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
 $
 3,478
 $
 3,702
 $

 The changes in the benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive loss were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Net actuarial (gain)/loss
 $
 ( 6,916)
 $
 ( 6,801)
 $
 2,254

 Amortization of loss
 ( 1,945)
 ( 3,293)
 ( 3,407)

 Amortization of prior service credit
 —
 3,098

 Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss
 ( 8,861)
 ( 9,726)
 1,945

 Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
 3,478
 3,702

 Total recognized in net periodic postretirement benefit cost and other comprehensive (income)/loss
 $
 ( 5,383)
 $
 ( 6,024)
 $
 2,872

 Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using a corridor approach. The gain or loss corridor is equal to 10% of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. Gains and losses in excess of the corridor are generally amortized over the average remaining service period to expected retirement of active participants.
 In connection with collective bargaining agreements, we contribute to several multiemployer welfare plans. These plans provide medical benefits to active and retired employees covered under the respective collective bargaining agreement. Contributions are made in accordance with the formula in the relevant agreement. Postretirement costs related to these plans are not reflected above and were approximately $ 20 million in 2023, $ 19 million in 2022 and $ 17 million in 2021.
 P. 100 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss were as follows:

2023
2022

 Change in benefit obligation

 Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 $
 30,696
 $
 40,607

 Service cost

 Interest cost
 1,500

 Plan participants' contributions
 2,060
 2,271

 Actuarial (gain)
 ( 6,916)
 ( 6,801)

 Benefits paid
 ( 4,461)
 ( 6,158)

 Benefit obligation at the end of year
 22,912
 30,696

 Change in plan assets

 Employer contributions
 2,401
 3,887

 Plan participants' contributions
 2,060
 2,271

 Benefits paid
 ( 4,461)
 ( 6,158)

 Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 —
 —

 Net amount recognized
 $
 ( 22,912)
 $
 ( 30,696)

 Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

 Current liabilities
 $
 ( 3,510)
 $
 ( 4,241)

 Noncurrent liabilities
 ( 19,402)
 ( 26,455)

 Net amount recognized
 $
 ( 22,912)
 $
 ( 30,696)

 Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss

 Actuarial loss
 $
 6,676
 $
 15,537

 Prior service credit
 —
 —

 Total
 $
 6,676
 $
 15,537

 Benefit obligations decreased from $ 30.7 million at December 31, 2022, to $ 22.9 million at December 31, 2023, primarily due to the actuarial gain of $ 6.9 million, driven by a decrease in assumed costs and benefit payments, net of participation contributions of $ 2.4 million.
 Benefit obligations decreased from $ 40.6 million at December 26, 2021, to $ 30.7 million at December 31, 2022, primarily due to the actuarial gain of $ 6.8 million, driven by an increase in the discount rate and benefit payments, net of participation contributions of $ 3.9 million.
 Information for postretirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets was as follows:

2023
2022

 Accumulated benefit obligation
 $
 22,912
 $
 30,696

 Fair value of plan assets
 $
 —
 $
 —

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 101

 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine the postretirement benefit obligations were as follows:

2023
2022

 Discount rate
 5.16
 %
 5.55
 %

 Estimated increase in compensation level
 3.50
 %
 3.50
 %

 Weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computations to determine net periodic postretirement cost were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligation
 5.55
 %
 2.55
 %
 2.01
 %

 Discount rate in effect for determining service cost
 5.55
 %
 2.58
 %
 2.09
 %

 Discount rate in effect for determining interest cost
 5.26
 %
 1.91
 %
 1.38
 %

 Estimated increase in compensation level
 3.50
 %
 3.50
 %
 3.50
 %

 The assumed health-care cost trend rates were as follows:

2023
2022

 Health-care cost trend rate
 6.71
 %
 6.75
 %

 Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (ultimate trend rate)
 4.75
 %
 4.92
 %

 Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
 2030
 2030

 Because our health-care plans are capped for most participants, the assumed health-care cost trend rates do not have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health-care plans.
 The following benefit payments (net of plan participant contributions) under our Company's postretirement plans, which reflect expected future services, are expected to be paid:

 2024
 $
 3,632

 2025
 3,198

 2026
 2,923

 2027
 2,669

 2028
 2,435

 2029-2033(1)

 8,820

 (1) While benefit payments under these plans are expected to continue beyond 2033, we have presented in this table only those benefit payments estimated over the next 10 years.
 We accrue the cost of certain benefits provided to former or inactive employees after employment, but before retirement. The cost is recognized only when it is probable and can be estimated. Benefits include life insurance, disability benefits and health-care continuation coverage. The accrued obligation for these benefits was $ 7.8 million as of December 31, 2023, and $ 7.9 million as of December 31, 2022.
 P. 102 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 11. Other Liabilities
 The components of the Other Liabilities — Other balance in our Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

2023
2022

 Deferred compensation
 $
 13,752
 $
 14,635

 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
 42,905
 59,124

 Contingent consideration
 3,195
 2,799

 Other liabilities
 41,112
 34,257

 Total
 $
 100,964
 $
 110,815

 See Note 8 for detail related to deferred compensation.
 See Note 17 for detail related to noncurrent operating lease liabilities.
 See Note 8 for detail related to contingent consideration.
 Other liabilities in the preceding table primarily included our post-employment liabilities, our contingent tax liability for uncertain tax positions, and self-insurance liabilities as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 103

 12. Income Taxes
 Reconciliations between the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations before income taxes and the federal statutory rate are presented below.

 % of
Pre-tax
 % of
Pre-tax
 % of
Pre-tax

 Tax at federal statutory rate
 $
 63,544
 21.0
 $
 49,560
 21.0
 $
 61,005
 21.0

 State and local taxes, net
 18,445
 6.1
 16,855
 7.1
 16,378
 5.6

 Increase/(decrease) in uncertain tax positions
 1,763
 0.6
 ( 220)
 ( 0.1)
 2,782
 1.0

 (Gain)/loss on company-owned life insurance
 ( 735)
 ( 0.2)
 0.4
 ( 712)
 ( 0.2)

 Nondeductible expense
 1,492
 0.5
 0.3
 0.2

 Nondeductible executive compensation
 2,175
 0.7
 3,985
 1.7
 4,140
 1.4

 Stock-based awards expense/(benefit)
 0.2
 ( 1,119)
 ( 0.5)
 ( 5,461)
 ( 1.9)

 Deduction for foreign-derived intangible income
 ( 3,985)
 ( 1.3)
 ( 3,166)
 ( 1.3)
 ( 2,972)
 ( 1.0)

 Research and experimentation credit
 ( 12,683)
 ( 4.2)
 ( 6,699)
 ( 2.8)
 ( 5,571)
 ( 1.9)

 Other, net
 ( 658)
 ( 0.2)
 1,261
 0.5
 0.1

 $
 69,836
 23.2
 $
 62,094
 26.3
 $
 70,530
 24.3

 The components of income tax expense as shown in our Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Current tax expense/(benefit)

 Federal
 $
 56,139
 $
 75,495
 $
 55,110

 Foreign
 2,590
 1,897
 1,042

 State and local
 30,901
 30,855
 20,736

 Total current tax expense
 89,630
 108,247
 76,888

 Deferred tax expense/(benefit)

 Federal
 ( 12,715)
 ( 36,344)
 ( 5,651)

 State and local
 ( 7,079)
 ( 9,809)
 ( 707)

 Total deferred tax expense
 ( 19,794)
 ( 46,153)
 ( 6,358)

 $
 69,836
 $
 62,094
 $
 70,530

 P. 104 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

2023
2022

 Deferred tax assets

 Retirement, postemployment and deferred compensation plans
 $
 60,398
 $
 67,797

 Accruals for other employee benefits, compensation, insurance and other
 36,968
 31,335

 Net operating losses(1)

 42,944
 52,522

 Operating lease liabilities
 14,144
 18,403

 Capitalized research and development costs (2)

 68,113
 55,370

 Other
 36,387
 32,974

 Gross deferred tax assets
 $
 258,954
 $
 258,401

 Valuation allowance
 ( 3,240)
 ( 4,258)

 Net deferred tax assets
 $
 255,714
 $
 254,143

 Deferred tax liabilities

 Property, plant and equipment
 $
 37,950
 $
 44,698

 Intangible assets
 79,718
 88,115

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 9,626
 15,453

 Other
 13,915
 9,514

 Gross deferred tax liabilities
 $
 141,209
 $
 157,780

 Net deferred tax asset
 $
 114,505
 $
 96,363

 (1) Includes federal tax operating loss carryforwards acquired in connection with The Athletic Media Company acquisition.
 (2) As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, see Liquidity and Capital Resources section in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information.
 Federal tax operating loss carryforwards acquired in connection with The Athletic Media Company acquisition totaled $ 38 million as of December 31, 2023. Such losses have remaining lives of up to 14 years.
 State tax operating loss carryforwards totaled $ 6.8 million as of December 31, 2023, and $ 6.9 million as of December 31, 2022. Such loss carryforwards expire in accordance with provisions of applicable tax laws and have remaining lives of up to 18 years.
 We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against deferred tax assets based on the consideration of both positive and negative evidence using a "more likely than not" standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. We evaluated our deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach that considers our three-year historical cumulative income/(loss), including an assessment of the degree to which any such losses were due to items that are unusual in nature (i.e., impairments of nondeductible goodwill and intangible assets).
 We had a valuation allowance totaling $ 3.2 million as of December 31, 2023, and a valuation allowance totaling $ 4.3 million as of December 31, 2022, for deferred tax assets primarily associated with net operating losses of U.S. subsidiaries, as we determined these assets were not realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis.
 We had an income tax payable of $ 23.2 million as of December 31, 2023, compared with an income tax payable of $ 7.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
 Income tax benefits related to the exercise or vesting of equity awards reduced current taxes payable by $ 10 million, $ 6.1 million and $ 11.5 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 105

 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and for the years then ended in our Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity was net of deferred tax assets of approximately $ 137 million and $ 139 million, respectively.
 A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Balance at beginning of year
 $
 5,528
 $
 5,891
 $
 6,737

 Gross additions to tax positions taken during the current year
 2,466
 1,504
 1,389

 Gross additions to tax positions taken during the prior year
 2,458

 Gross reductions to tax positions taken during the prior year
 ( 8)
 —
 ( 150)

 Reductions from settlements with taxing authorities
 ( 1,185)
 ( 1,116)
 ( 3,534)

 Reductions from lapse of applicable statutes of limitations
 ( 604)
 ( 824)
 ( 1,009)

 Balance at end of year
 $
 7,074
 $
 5,528
 $
 5,891

 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would, if recognized, affect the effective income tax rate was approximately $ 6 million and $ 5 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
 In 2023 and 2022, we recorded a $ 1.9 million and a $ 2.2 million income tax benefit, respectively, due to a reduction in the Company's reserve for uncertain tax positions.
 We also recognize accrued interest expense and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense or benefit. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties was $ 1.9 million and $ 1.5 million as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties was $ 0.3 million in 2023, a net benefit of $ 0.1 million in 2022 and a net benefit of less than $ 0.1 million in 2021.
 With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2013. Management believes that our accrual for tax liabilities is adequate for all open audit years. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events.
 It is reasonably possible that certain income tax examinations may be concluded, or statutes of limitation may lapse, during the next twelve months, which could result in a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits of $ 3.5 million that would, if recognized, reduce the effective tax rate.

 13. Earnings Per Share
 We compute earnings per share based upon the lower of the two-class method or the treasury stock method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method used when a company's capital structure includes either two or more classes of common stock or common stock and participating securities. This method determines earnings/(loss) per share based on dividends declared on common stock and participating securities (i.e., distributed earnings), as well as participation rights of participating securities in any undistributed earnings.
 Earnings per share is computed using both basic shares and diluted shares. The difference between basic and diluted shares is that diluted shares include the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of outstanding securities. Our stock options, stock-settled long-term performance awards, restricted stock units and ESPP could impact the diluted shares. The difference between basic and diluted shares was approximately 0.9 million, 0.3 million and 0.6 million as of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021, respectively. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, dilution resulted primarily from the dilutive effect of our Stock-Based Awards.
 Securities that could potentially be dilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when a loss from continuing operations exists or when the exercise price exceeds the market value of our Class A Common Stock because their inclusion would result in an anti-dilutive effect on per share amounts.
 P. 106 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 There were approximately 1.1 million restricted stock units excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in 2022 because they were anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive stock options, stock-settled long-term performance awards and restricted stock units excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended 2023 and 2021.

 14. Stock-Based Awards
 As of December 31, 2023, the Company was authorized to grant stock-based compensation under its 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2020 Incentive Plan"), which became effective April 22, 2020. The 2020 Incentive Plan replaced the 2010 Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2010 Incentive Plan").
 The Company's long-term incentive compensation program provides executives the opportunity to earn cash and shares of Class A Common Stock at the end of three-year performance cycles based in part on the achievement of financial goals tied to financial metrics and in part on stock price performance relative to companies in the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index. For performance cycles beginning prior to 2022, the majority of the target award, and for performance cycles beginning in 2022, all of the target award, is to be settled in shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock. In addition, the Company grants time-vested restricted stock units annually to a number of employees. These are settled in shares of Class A Common Stock.
 Each non-employee director of the Company receives an annual grant of restricted stock units under the 2020 Incentive Plan. Restricted stock units are awarded on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders and vest on the date of the subsequent year's annual meeting, with the shares to be delivered upon a director's cessation of membership on the Board of Directors. Each non-employee director is credited with additional restricted stock units with a value equal to the amount of all dividends paid on the Company's Class A Common Stock. The Company's directors are considered employees for purposes of stock-based compensation.
 We refer to our outstanding stock-settled long-term performance awards, restricted stock units and Class A Common Stock issued under our Company's ESPP as "Stock-Based Awards." We recognize stock-based compensation expense for outstanding stock-settled long-term performance awards, restricted stock units and Class A Common Stock issued under our Company's ESPP.
 Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the period from the date of grant to the date when the award is no longer contingent on the employee providing additional service. Awards under the 2010 Incentive Plan and 2020 Incentive Plan vest over a stated vesting period.
 Total stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations is as follows:

2023
2022
2021

 Cost of revenue
 $
 12,804
 $
 8,031
 $
 5,218

 Marketing
 1,604
 1,243
 1,283

 20,188
 10,875
 3,655

 20,180
 15,157
 12,059

 Total stock-based compensation expense
 $
 $
 $

 Stock Options
 The 2010 Incentive Plan provided, and the 2020 Incentive Plan provides, for grants of both incentive and non-qualified stock options at an exercise price equal to the fair market value (as defined in each plan, respectively) of our Class A Common Stock on the date of grant. No grants of stock options have been made since 2012. Stock options were generally granted with a three-year vesting period and a 10 -year term and vest in equal annual installments.
 There were no stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2023. There were no stock options exercised in 2023. The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised was de minimis in 2022 and $ 13.6 million in 2021.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 107

 Restricted Stock Units
 The 2010 Incentive Plan provided, and 2020 Incentive Plan provides, for grants of other stock-based awards, including restricted stock units.
 Outstanding stock-settled restricted stock units have been granted with a stated vesting period up to five years. Each restricted stock unit represents our obligation to deliver to the holder one share of Class A Common Stock upon vesting. The fair value of stock-settled restricted stock units is the average market price on the grant date. Changes in our Company's stock-settled restricted stock units in 2023 were as follows:

 (Shares in thousands)
 Restricted
Stock
Units
 Weighted-Average
Grant-Date

 Outstanding at beginning of period
 2,003
 $

 Granted
 1,514

 Vested
 ( 730)

 Forfeited
 ( 185)

 Outstanding at end of period
 2,602
 $

 Exercisable at end of period
 $

 Unvested stock-settled restricted stock units at beginning of period
 1,812
 $

 Unvested stock-settled restricted stock units at end of period
 2,430
 $

 Unvested stock-settled restricted stock units expected to vest at end of period
 2,157
 $

 The intrinsic value of stock-settled restricted stock units vested was $ 28.0 million in 2023, $ 10.4 million in 2022 and $ 15.1 million in 2021. The intrinsic value of stock-settled restricted stock units outstanding was $ 128.2 million in 2023.
 ESPP
 In 2023, the Company adopted the 2023 ESPP, which provides eligible participating employees with the opportunity to purchase Class A Common Stock at a discounted price through payroll deductions of up to 5 % of their base salary. Employees may withdraw from the offering no later than 15 days prior to the purchase date and obtain a refund of any accrued contributions withheld through payroll deductions. The purchase price of the Class A Common Stock under the ESPP for each offering is equal to 85 % of the lower of the closing selling price per share of Class A Common Stock on the first day of the purchase period or on the last day of the purchase period. The fair value of the offering is estimated on the grant date using a Black-Scholes valuation model.
 In 2023, there was one six-month ESPP offering with a purchase price set at a 15 % discount of the closing selling price per share of Class A Common Stock on July 3, 2023, or December 29, 2023, whichever was lower. For the 2023 offering, the purchase price was $ 33.84. Approximately 117,000 shares were issued under the 2023 ESPP offering.

 P. 108 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Long-Term Incentive Compensation
 The 2010 Incentive Plan provided, and 2020 Incentive Plan provides, for grants of cash and stock-settled long-term incentive compensation awards to key executives payable at the end of three-year cycles based on the achievement of financial goals tied to financial metrics, on stock price performance relative to companies in the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index and on fulfilling the service condition. Cash-settled awards are classified as a liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Stock-settled awards are payable in Class A Common Stock and are classified within equity. These awards include service, market and performance conditions.
 Prior to 2022, cash-settled awards were granted with three-year performance cycles and are based on the achievement of a specified financial performance measure. There were payments of approximately $ 5 million in 2023, $ 4 million in 2022 and $ 1 million in 2021.
 The long-term incentive compensation awards consist of restricted stock units (starting with the 2022 program) and performance-based awards. The performance-based awards are based on (i) relative Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") (calculated as stock appreciation plus deemed reinvested dividends), a market condition and (ii) financial metrics (such as adjusted operating profit and digital subscription revenue), the performance condition.
 The fair value of the portion of the performance awards based on TSR is determined at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model and expensed over the service period on a straight-line basis, irrespective of the probability of the market condition being achieved. The cumulative expense is not reversed if the market condition is not met.
 The fair value of the portion of the performance awards based on financial metrics is determined by the average market price on the grant date, expensed on a straight-line basis over the service period and adjusted at each reporting date based on the probable outcome of the performance conditions. A cumulative adjustment is recorded in periods in which there is a change in the Company's estimate of the number of shares expected to vest.
 The fair value of the restricted stock units is determined by the average market price on the grant date and expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award.
 Unrecognized Compensation Expense
 As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested portion of our Stock-Based Awards was approximately $ 78 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.45 years.
 Reserved Shares
 Any shares issued for the exercise of stock options, vesting of stock-settled restricted stock units and stock-settled performance awards have generally been from unissued reserved shares.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 109

 Shares of Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance were as follows:

 (Shares in thousands)
2023
2022

 Stock options, stock–settled restricted stock units and stock-settled performance awards

 Stock options and stock-settled restricted stock units
 2,602
 2,003

 Stock-settled performance awards(1)

 1,403
 1,065

 Outstanding
 4,005
 3,068

 Available
 11,688
 13,171

 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 Available
 7,883
 —

 Total Outstanding
 4,005
 3,068

 Total Available(2)

 19,571
 13,171

 (1)The number of shares actually earned at the end of the multi-year performance period will vary, based on actual performance, from 0 % to 200 % of the target number of performance awards granted. The maximum number of shares that could be issued is included in the table above.
 (2)As of December 31, 2023, the 2020 Incentive Plan had approximately 12 million shares of Class A Common Stock available for issuance upon the grant, exercise or other settlement of stock-based awards. This amount includes shares subject to awards under the 2010 Incentive Plan that were canceled, forfeited or otherwise terminated, or withheld to satisfy the tax withholding requirements, in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Incentive Plan.

 15. Stockholders' Equity
 Shares of our Company's Class A and Class B Common Stock are entitled to equal participation in the event of liquidation and in dividend declarations. The Class B Common Stock is convertible at the holders' option on a share-for-share basis into Class A Common Stock. Upon conversion, the previously outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock that were converted are automatically and immediately retired, resulting in a reduction of authorized Class B Common Stock. As provided for in our Company's Certificate of Incorporation, the Class A Common Stock has limited voting rights, including the right to elect 30 % of the Board of Directors, and the Class A and Class B Common Stock have the right to vote together on the reservation of our Company shares for stock options and other stock-based plans, on the ratification of the selection of a registered public accounting firm and, in certain circumstances, on acquisitions of the stock or assets of other companies. Otherwise, except as provided by the laws of the State of New York, all voting power is vested solely and exclusively in the holders of the Class B Common Stock.
 As of both December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were 780,724 shares, of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding that may be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock.
 The Adolph Ochs family trust holds approximately 95 % of the Class B Common Stock and, as a result, has the ability to elect 70 % of the Board of Directors and to direct the outcome of any matter that does not require a vote of the Class A Common Stock.
 In February 2022, the Board of Directors approved a $ 150.0 million Class A share repurchase program that replaced the previous program, which was approved in 2015. In February 2023, in addition to the remaining 2022 authorization, the Board of Directors approved a $ 250.0 million Class A share repurchase program. The authorizations provide that shares of Class A Common Stock may be purchased from time to time as market conditions warrant, through open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means, including Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. We expect to repurchase shares to offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation program and to return capital to our stockholders. There is no expiration date with respect to these authorizations.
 As of December 31, 2023, repurchases under these authorizations totaled approximately $ 149.5 million (excluding commissions) and approximately $ 250.5 million remained.

 P. 110 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 We may issue preferred stock in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to set the distinguishing characteristics of each series of preferred stock prior to issuance, including the granting of limited or full voting rights; however, the consideration received must be at least $ 100 per share. No shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
 The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component as of December 31, 2023:

 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 Funded Status of Benefit Plans
 Net Unrealized Gain on Available-for-Sale Securities
 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

 Balance as of December 31, 2022
 $
 ( 510)
 $
 ( 348,947)
 $
 ( 8,390)
 $
 ( 357,847)

 Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications, before tax
 1,885
 ( 12,184)
 10,754

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, before tax
 —
 6,276
 —
 6,276

 Income tax expense/(benefit)
 ( 1,569)
 2,850
 1,746

 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax
 1,420
 ( 4,339)
 7,904
 4,985

 Balance as of December 31, 2023
 $
 $
 ( 353,286)
 $
 ( 486)
 $
 ( 352,862)

 The following table summarizes the reclassifications from AOCI for the period ended December 31, 2023:

 Detail about accumulated other comprehensive loss components

 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented

 Funded status of benefit plans:

 Amortization of prior service credit(1)

 $
 ( 1,895)
 Other components of net periodic benefit costs

 Amortization of actuarial loss(1)

 8,171
 Other components of net periodic benefit costs

 Total reclassification, before tax
 6,276

 1,660

 Total reclassification, net of tax
 $
 4,616

 (1)These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other retirement benefits. See Notes 9 and 10 for additional information.

 16. Segment Information
 The Company identifies a business as an operating segment if: (i) it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; (ii) its operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer (who is the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and (iii) it has available discrete financial information.
 Since the acquisition of The Athletic in the first quarter of 2022, the Company has had two reportable segments: NYTG and The Athletic. These segments are evaluated regularly by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker in assessing performance and allocating resources. Management uses adjusted operating profit (loss) by segment in assessing performance and allocating resources. Adjusted operating profit is defined as operating profit before depreciation and amortization, severance, multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs and special items. Adjusted operating profit for NYTG and The Athletic is presented below, along with a reconciliation to consolidated income before taxes. Asset information by segment is not a measure of performance used by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker. Accordingly, we have not disclosed asset information by segment.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 111

 Subscription revenues from and expenses associated with our digital subscription package (or "bundle") are allocated to NYTG and The Athletic. The Athletic was first introduced into our bundle in June 2022. Therefore, The Athletic's results for 2022 include bundle revenues and expenses for only six months of the year, whereas 2023 includes bundle revenues and expenses for the entire year.
 Prior to April 1, 2023, we allocated bundle revenues first to our digital news product based on its standalone list price and then the remaining bundle revenues were allocated to the other products in the bundle, including The Athletic, based on their relative standalone list prices. Starting April 1, 2023, we allocate 10 % of bundle revenues to The Athletic based on management's view of The Athletic's relative value to the bundle, which is derived based on analysis of various metrics, and allocate the remaining bundle revenues to NYTG.
 Prior to April 1, 2023, we allocated to NYTG and The Athletic direct variable expenses associated with the bundle, which include credit card fees, third party fees and sales taxes, based on a historical actual percentage of these costs to bundle revenues. Starting April 1, 2023, we allocate 10 % of product development, marketing and subscriber servicing expenses (including the direct variable expenses referenced above) associated with the bundle to The Athletic, and the remaining costs are allocated to NYTG, in each case, in line with the revenues allocations.
 For comparison purposes, the Company has recast segment results for the quarters following the second quarter of 2022 to reflect the updated allocation methodology. The second quarter of 2022 was not recast as the change was de minimis for that quarter in light of the timing of the introduction of The Athletic to the bundle.
 The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022, the date of the acquisition. Results for the twelve months of 2022 included The Athletic for approximately eleven months, while results for the twelve months of 2023 included The Athletic for the full twelve months.

 P. 112 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The following tables present segment information:

2023
2022

 NYTG
 $
 2,295,537
 $
 2,223,676
 3.2
 %

 131,271
 84,645
 55.1
 %

 Intersegment Eliminations(2)

 ( 656)
 —
 *

 $
 $
 5.1
 %

 Adjusted operating profit

 NYTG
 $
 421,281
 $
 389,049
 8.3
 %

 ( 31,430)
 ( 41,118)
 ( 23.6)
 %

 Total adjusted operating profit
 $
 389,851
 $
 347,931
 12.0
 %

 Less:

 Other components of net periodic benefit costs
 ( 2,737)
 6,659
 *

 4.2
 %

 Severance
 7,582
 4,669
 62.4
 %

 Multiemployer pension plan withdrawal costs
 5,248
 4,871
 7.7
 %

 —
 *

 4,069
 *

 ( 605)
 *

 Add:

 Gain from joint ventures
 2,477
 —
 *

 Interest income and other, net
 21,102
 40,691
 ( 48.1)
 %

 Income before income taxes
 $
 302,588
 $
 235,999
 28.2
 %

 (1) The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022.

 (2) Intersegment eliminations ("I/E") related to content licensing.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 113

 Revenues detail by segment

 NYTG

 $
 1,555,705
 $
 1,480,295
 5.1
 %

 477,261
 511,321
 ( 6.7)
 %

 Other
 262,571
 232,060
 13.1
 %

 Total
 $
 2,295,537
 $
 2,223,676
 3.2
 %

 $
 100,448
 $
 72,067
 39.4
 %

 27,945
 11,967
 *

 Other
 2,878
 *

 Total
 $
 131,271
 $
 84,645
 55.1
 %

 I/E(2)

 $
 ( 656)
 $
 —
 *

 The New York Times Company

 $
 $
 6.7
 %

 ( 3.5)
 %

 Other
 13.8
 %

 Total
 $
 $
 5.1
 %

 (1) The results of The Athletic have been included in our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning February 1, 2022.

 (2) I/E related to content licensing recorded in Other revenues.

 17. Leases
 Lessee activities
 Operating leases
 We have operating leases for office space and equipment. For all leases, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023, as described below.
 The table below presents the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet:

 Classification in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

 Operating lease right-of-use assets
 Right of use assets
 $
 35,374
 $
 57,600

 Current operating lease liabilities
 Accrued expenses and other
 $
 10,081
 $
 9,911

 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
 Other
 42,905
 59,124

 Total operating lease liabilities
 $
 52,986
 $
 69,035

 P. 114 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 The total lease cost for operating leases included in operating costs in our Consolidated Statement of Operations was as follows:

 For the Twelve Months Ended

 Operating lease cost
 $
 12,026
 $
 13,553
 $
 11,926

 Short term and variable lease cost
 1,645
 1,714
 1,575

 Total lease cost
 $
 13,671
 $
 15,267
 $
 13,501

 The table below presents additional information regarding operating leases:

 (In thousands, except for lease term and discount rate)

 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
 $
 13,476
 $
 12,881

 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities
 $
 2,850
 $
 5,970

 Weighted-average remaining lease term
 6.4 years
 8.5 years

 Weighted-average discount rate
 5.04
 %
 4.45
 %

 Maturities of lease liabilities on an annual basis for the Company's operating leases as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

 2024
 $
 12,279

 2025
 9,573

 2026
 8,221

 2027
 7,359

 2028
 7,200

 Later years
 18,012

 Total lease payments
 $
 62,644

 Less: Interest
 ( 9,658)

 Present value of lease liabilities
 $
 52,986

 In June 2023, we ceased using certain leased office space in Long Island City, New York. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $ 7.6 million and $ 5.1 million to the right-of-use assets and fixed assets, respectively. The impairment amount was determined by comparing the fair value of the impacted asset group to its carrying value as of the measurement date, as required by ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. The fair value of the asset group was based on estimated sublease income for the affected property, taking into consideration the time we expect it will take to obtain a sublease tenant and the expected applicable discount rates. The impairment is presented in Impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations within the New York Times Group operating segment.
 Lessor activities
 Our leases to third parties predominantly relate to office space in the Company Headquarters.
 As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the cost and accumulated depreciation related to the Company Headquarters included in Property, plant and equipment in our Consolidated Balance Sheet was approximately $ 518 million and $ 277 million, and $ 522 million and $ 258 million, respectively. Office space leased to third parties represents approximately 36 % of gross square feet of the Company Headquarters.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 115

 On December 9, 2020, we entered into an agreement to lease and subsequently sell approximately four acres of land at our printing and distribution facility in College Point, N.Y., subject to certain conditions. The lease commenced on April 11, 2022. At the time of the lease expiration in February 2025, we will sell the parcel to the lessee for approximately $ 36 million. The transaction is accounted for as a sales-type lease and as a result, we recognized a gain of approximately $ 34 million (net of commissions) at the time of lease commencement, and recorded a lease receivable of approximately $ 36 million in Miscellaneous assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022. The payments associated with the lease are recorded in Interest income and other, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 We generate building rental revenue from the floors in the Company Headquarters that we lease to third parties. The building rental revenue was as follows:

 For the Twelve Months Ended

 Building rental revenue
 $
 27,163
 $
 28,516
 $
 22,851

 Maturities of lease payments to be received on an annual basis for the Company's office space operating leases as of December 31, 2023, were as follows:

 2024
 $
 29,053

 2025
 29,344

 2026
 29,344

 2027
 29,337

 2028
 14,708

 Later years
 57,735

 Total building rental revenue from operating leases
 $
 189,521

 P. 116 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
 Restricted Cash
 We were required to maintain $ 13.7 million and $ 13.8 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, the majority of which is set aside to collateralize workers' compensation obligations.
 Legal Proceedings
 We are involved in various legal actions incidental to our business that are now pending against us. These actions generally assert damages claims that are greatly in excess of the amount, if any, that we would be liable to pay if we lost or settled the cases. We record a liability for legal claims when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Although the Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters, no amount of loss in excess of recorded amounts as of December 31, 2023, is believed to be reasonably possible.
 On December 27, 2023, we filed a lawsuit against Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft"), Open AI Inc. and various of its corporate affiliates (collectively, "OpenAI") in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging copyright infringement, unfair competition, trademark dilution and violations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, related to their unlawful and unauthorized copying and use of our journalism and other content. We are seeking monetary relief, injunctive relief preventing Microsoft and OpenAI from continuing their unlawful, unfair and infringing conduct and other relief. We intend to vigorously pursue all of our legal remedies in this litigation, but there is no guarantee that we will be successful in our efforts.

 19. Subsequent Events
 Quarterly Dividend
 In February 2024, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $ 0.13 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, an increase of $ 0.02 per share from the previous quarter. The dividend is payable on April 18, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 2, 2024.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 117

 SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
 For the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 26, 2021:

 Balance at
beginning
of period
 Additions
 charged to
 operating
 costs and other(1)

 Deductions(2)

 Balance at
end of period

 Accounts receivable allowances:

 Year ended December 31, 2023
 $
 12,260
 $
 4,809
 $
 4,269
 $
 12,800

 Year ended December 31, 2022
 $
 12,374
 $
 11,973
 $
 12,087
 $
 12,260

 Year ended December 26, 2021
 $
 13,797
 $
 13,930
 $
 15,353
 $
 12,374

 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets:

 Year ended December 31, 2023
 $
 4,258
 $
 —
 $
 1,018
 $
 3,240

 Year ended December 31, 2022
 $
 $
 4,000
 $
 $
 4,258

 Year ended December 26, 2021
 $
 $
 —
 $
 $

 (1)Includes valuation allowance acquired as a result of acquisition of The Athletic.
 (2)Includes write-offs, net of recoveries.
 P. 118 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
 FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 Not applicable.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of December 31, 2023. Based upon such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 Management's report on internal control over financial reporting and the attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting are set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated by reference herein.
 CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

 Not applicable.

 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

 Not applicable.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 119

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 In addition to the information set forth under the caption "Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections titled "Proposal Number 1 — Election of Directors," "Related Person Transactions," "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Independence of Directors," "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Board Committees and Audit Committee Financial Experts," "Board Committees" and "Nominating & Governance Committee" of our Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 The Board of Directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies not only to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, as required by the SEC, but also to our Chairman. The current version of this code of ethics can be found on the Corporate Governance section of our website at  We intend to post any amendments to or waivers from the code of ethics that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer on our website.

 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections titled "Compensation Committee," "Directors' Compensation," "Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance" and "Compensation of Executive Officers" (other than the section titled "Pay Versus Performance Disclosure") of our Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections titled "Principal Holders of Common Stock," "Security Ownership of Management and Directors," "General Information — The Ochs-Sulzberger Trust" and "Compensation of Executive Officers — Equity Compensation Plan Information" of our Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections titled "Related Person Transactions," "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Independence of Directors" and "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Board Committees and Audit Committee Financial Experts" of our Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section titled "Proposal Number 2 — Selection of Auditors," beginning with the section titled "Audit Committee's Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures," but only up to and including the section titled "Audit and Other Fees" of our Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 P. 120 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 (A) DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT
 (1) Financial Statements
 As listed in the index to financial information in "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
 (2) Supplemental Schedules
 The following additional consolidated financial information is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Schedules not included with this additional consolidated financial information have been omitted either because they are not applicable or because the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Page

 Consolidated Schedule for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

 II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 (3) Exhibits
 The exhibits listed in the accompanying index are filed as part of this report.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 121

 INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 Exhibit numbers 10.15 through 10.24 are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

 Exhibit
Number
 Description of Exhibit

 (2.1)*
 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 6, 2022, by and among The Athletic Media Company, The New York Times Company, Subscription Holding Co. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 7, 2022, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (3.1)
 Certificate of Incorporation as amended and restated to reflect amendments effective July 1, 2007 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (3.2)
 By-laws, as amended September 28, 2023 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated October 2, 2023, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (4)
 The Company agrees to furnish to the Commission upon request a copy of any instrument with respect to long-term debt of the Company and any subsidiary for which consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed, and for which the amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

 (4.1)
 Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 (10.1)
 New York City Public Utility Service Power Service Agreement, dated as of May 3, 1993, between The City of New York, acting by and through its Public Utility Service, and The New York Times Newspaper Division of the Company (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated March 21, 1994, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.2)
 Letter Agreement, dated as of April 8, 2004, amending Agreement of Lease, between the 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and The New York Times Building LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 3, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.3)
 Agreement of Sublease, dated as of December 12, 2001, between The New York Times Building LLC, as landlord, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 3, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.4)
 First Amendment to Agreement of Sublease, dated as of August 15, 2006, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 3, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.5)
 Second Amendment to Agreement of Sublease, dated as of January 29, 2007, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated February 1, 2007, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.6)
 Third Amendment to Agreement of Sublease (NYT), dated as of March 6, 2009, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 9, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.7)
 Fourth Amendment to Agreement of Sublease (NYT), dated as of March 6, 2009, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and 620 Eighth NYT (NY) Limited Partnership, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 9, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.8)
 Fifth Amendment to Agreement of Sublease (NYT), dated as of August 31, 2009, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and 620 Eighth NYT (NY) Limited Partnership, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 4, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.9)
 Agreement of Sublease (NYT-2), dated as of March 6, 2009, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 9, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.10)
 First Amendment to Agreement of Sublease (NYT-2), dated as of March 6, 2009, between 42nd St. Development Project, Inc., as landlord, and NYT Building Leasing Company LLC, as tenant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 9, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.11)
 Assignment and Assumption of Sublease (NYT-2), dated July 10, 2020, between NYT Building Leasing Company LLC, as assignor, and NYT Real Estate Company LLC, as assignee (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated February 25, 2021, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.12)**
 Letter Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2017, between the Company and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated February 27, 2018, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.13)**
 Letter Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2017, between the Company and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated February 27, 2018, and incorporated by reference herein).

 P. 122 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 Exhibit
Number
 Description of Exhibit

 (10.14)***
 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2022, among The New York Times Company, as borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as Lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents, U.S. Bank National Association and Trust Bank, as Co-Documentation Agents and BOFA Securities, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated July 28, 2022, and incorporated by reference herein)

 (10.15)
 The Company's Non-Employee Directors Deferral Plan, as amended through October 11, 2007 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated October 12, 2007, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.16)
 The Company's 2010 Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective April 30, 2014 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated April 30, 2014, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.17)
 The New York Times Company 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 dated April 22, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.18)
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees under the Company's 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated February 25, 2021, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.19)
 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Company's 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated May 7, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.20)
 The Company's Deferred Executive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2015 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 4, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.21)
 The Company's Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2015 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q dated November 4, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.22)
 The Company's Supplemental Executive Savings Plan, amended and restated effective February 19, 2015 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q filed November 4, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.23)
 The Company's Savings Restoration Plan, amended and restated effective February 19, 2015 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q filed November 4, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (10.24)
 Employment Letter Agreement, dated July 21, 2020, between the Company and Meredith Kopit Levien (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated July 22, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).

 (21)
 Subsidiaries of the Company.

 (23.1)
 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.

 (24)
 Power of Attorney (included as part of signature page).

 (31.1)
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification.

 (31.2)
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification.

 (32.1)
 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 (32.2)
 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 (97.1)
 The New York Times Company Compensation Recoupment Policy.

 (101.INS)

 (101.SCH)

 (101.CAL)

 (101.DEF)

 (101.LAB)

 (101.PRE)

 (104)

 * Certain identified information has been excluded from this exhibit (indicated by an asterisk above) because it is both (i) not material and (ii) is the type of information that the registrant treats as private or confidential. Information that was omitted has been noted in the exhibit with a placeholder identified by the mark "[***]."
 ** Portions of this exhibit (indicated by two asterisks above) have been omitted and are subject to a confidential treatment order granted by the SEC pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 123

 *** Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted schedules to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.

 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

 None.

 P. 124 – THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY

 SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 Date: February 20, 2024

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY
 (Registrant)

 BY:
 /s/ William Bardeen

 William Bardeen

 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 We, the undersigned directors and officers of The New York Times Company, hereby severally constitute Diane Brayton and William Bardeen, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them and each of them to sign for us, in our names in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 Signature
 Title
 Date

 /s/ A.G. Sulzberger
 Chairman, Publisher and Director

 /s/ Meredith Kopit Levien
 Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
(principal executive officer)

 /s/ William Bardeen
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)

 /s/ R. Anthony Benten
 Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer
(principal accounting officer)

 /s/ Amanpal S. Bhutani

 /s/ Manuel Bronstein

 /s/ Beth Brooke

 /s/ Rachel Glaser

 /s/ Arthur Golden

 /s/ Hays N. Golden

 /s/ Brian P. McAndrews

 /s/ David Perpich

 /s/ John W. Rogers, Jr.

 /s/ Anuradha B. Subramanian

 /s/ Rebecca Van Dyck

 THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY – P. 125