text: Our business is subject to various cybersecurity risks, including but not limited to, unauthorized access to sensitive data, including customer information and medical information, disruption of operations or supply chain due to cyberattacks, theft or manipulation of intellectual property, such as proprietary strains or cultivation techniques, regulatory non-compliance resulting from cybersecurity breaches, including violations of data privacy laws. To address these risks, we have implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity program, which includes, regular risk assessments and vulnerability testing to identify and remediate potential weaknesses in our infrastructure, deployment of advanced access controls, encryption, and endpoint protection to safeguard sensitive data such as customer and medical information, mandatory annual cybersecurity training and awareness programs for all employees to reduce the risk of social engineering and phishing attacks, and continual monitoring and incident response protocols to detect, contain and respond to cybersecurity incidents in a timely and effective manner. We also have information security and data privacy policies and procedures in place applicable to our directors, officers, employees, contractors and suppliers. Third parties service providers also contribute to our overall cybersecurity. We engage third parties that are cybersecurity experts to support in the design, implementation and continuous improvement of our cybersecurity program.


text: As of the date of this Form 10 -K, we do not believe any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" for further information about these risks.

companyName: Tilray Brands, Inc.

ticker: TLRY

secItem: Item 1C


text: Cybersecurity is an important part of our risk management processes and is an area of focus for our Board, Chief Information Officer ("CIO") whom reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer, and management team. Our CIO plays a pivotal role in assessing and managing material risks stemming from cybersecurity threats and is primarily responsible for the oversight of our overall cybersecurity risk management program, and coordinates with our external cybersecurity consultants. Additionally, given that cybersecurity risks can impact various areas of responsibility of the Committees of the Board, our Board of Directors oversees cybersecurity risk management and regularly reviews our cybersecurity strategy and initiatives. The Board receives quarterly and as needed updates on cybersecurity matters from the CIO and management on topics including threat landscape developments, incident response readiness, and program enhancements.


text: Tilray is dedicated to maintaining a robust cybersecurity program to safeguard our assets, data, and stakeholders' interests. We remain vigilant in our efforts to identify, assess, and mitigate cybersecurity risks and are committed to transparency and accountability in our cybersecurity disclosures.


text: We believe that information security is a critical component of our business strategy. Therefore, we maintain and continuously assess and strengthen our cyber security program.

companyName: VALUE LINE INC

ticker: VALU


text: Management is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Company's risk exposures and has adopted a risk management framework including identification, analysis and response to risks affecting our business. The Company has established a committee of senior leaders which is chaired by the Company's Executive Director of Information Technology.


text: We regularly engage third-party services to conduct evaluations of our security controls, which can include penetration testing, independent audits, or consulting on best practices to address new challenges. These evaluations include testing both the design and effectiveness of security controls.


text: We rely on third-party service providers for a variety of services to run our information systems. Cybersecurity risks are evaluated when determining the selection and oversight of applicable third-party service providers. A cyber-attack at a third-party service provider could have a significant impact on our business, and we continuously monitor the risks associated with our service providers.


text: The Audit Committee has responsibility for the oversight of the Company's risk management program, including technology and cybersecurity risks facing the Company. The audit committee receives briefings from management and the executive director of information technology about cybersecurity risk management and the overall technology and cybersecurity environment.


text: We believe that currently we have not encountered a cybersecurity event that has had a material impact on our business. See Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for a discussion of our cybersecurity risks.


text: Like other global companies, we face various cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse effect on our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Cybersecurity, therefore, is an important element of our business and our overall enterprise risk management program, and while we have experienced a small number of cyber incidents over the last few years, none to date have been material or had a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. To mitigate the risk, we have established a multilayered approach to assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, which includes the following:

companyName: STANDEX INTERNATIONAL CORP/DE/

ticker: SXI


text: An annual cybersecurity risk assessment as part of our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program, which reviews and evaluates the potential impact and likelihood of various cyber risks and defines a framework for mitigating measures and residual risk.


text: A cybersecurity roadmap that is built from the risk assessment and feeds into our annual IT expenditure plan and which outlines the actions and investments we intend to take to enhance our cybersecurity posture and capabilities.


text: A continuous cybersecurity risk monitoring and response process, which involves daily review and real-time alerts of security incidents, a multi-disciplinary escalation and review process, and a reporting and filing protocol for material incidents within four business days of materiality determination.


text: A periodic cyber risk assessment conducted by independent experts, which provides an external validation and benchmarking of our cybersecurity practices and performance.


text: As part of our cybersecurity program, we have and will continue to engage third parties, such as consultants, network security firms, auditors, and forensics providers, to assist us in assessing, managing, or investigating cyber risks or incidents. For example, we have engaged industry recognized third parties to monitor and conduct penetration and vulnerability testing on our networks and to assist us in the conduct of tabletop exercises.


text: In order to oversee and identify risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third -party service providers, we perform third -party risk assessments designed to help protect against the misuse of IT by third parties and business partners and generally request that third -party service providers provide us information about their security policies and procedures.


text: We have a cybersecurity governance structure that involves the oversight and involvement of our board of directors and senior management.


text: Our board of directors, through its Audit Committee, maintains oversight of risks, including cybersecurity risks, and receives an update from the Director of IT Security and the Chief Information Officer (CIO) at each quarterly committee meeting. The Audit Committee also reports to the full board on cybersecurity matters as part of its regular report out after each meeting. The Audit Committee Chair is immediately informed of any breach that could be more than de minimis and is kept apprised of any resulting investigation and is briefed on the substance of any Form 8 -K filing related to a material cybersecurity incident.


text: At the management level, oversight of our cybersecurity program rests with an internal committee comprised of the CIO, the Chief Legal Officer (CLO), and the Director of IT Security, who have in aggregate over 40 years of experience in assessing and managing cyber risks. The committee is responsible for overseeing the implementation and execution of our cybersecurity program and policies, and for engaging external experts as needed. The committee also reviews the log of security incidents as needed to validate that there are no materiality issues in the aggregate. The committee reports to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis or more frequently as needed. We have an Incident Response Team comprised of IT, legal, and internal audit personnel that is activated with the help of other disciplines in the event of a perceived breach or security risk. The team is responsible for assessing the impact and materiality of the incident in accordance with a written Incidence Response Plan, determining the appropriate response and remediation actions, and communicating with internal and external stakeholders as needed.


text: In an effort to deter and detect cyber threats, we have a required cybersecurity training program that is provided to all new employees during on-boarding and semi-annually to employees with access to our IT resources, which aims to raise awareness and foster a culture of cybersecurity awareness among our workforce. We also have an ongoing process of sending simulated phishing emails to employees. The results of these simulated attempts are monitored and reported to each employee's manager. Training includes such cybersecurity topics as social engineering, phishing, password protection, confidential data protection, asset use and mobile security. The training also emphasizes the importance of reporting all incidents immediately.


text: We have policies, procedures and processes in place to identify, assess and monitor material risks from cybersecurity threats. These plans are part of our overall enterprise risk management strategy and are part of our operating procedures, internal controls, and information systems. Cybersecurity risks include, among other things, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or customers, violation of privacy or security laws and other litigation and legal risks, and reputational risks. We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity framework intended to assess, identify and manage risks from threats to the security of our information, systems, and network using a risk-based approach. The framework is informed in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework, although this does not imply that we meet all technical standards, specifications or requirements under the NIST.

companyName: ETHAN ALLEN INTERIORS INC

ticker: ETD


text: Risk-based controls for information systems and information on our networks: We seek to maintain an information technology infrastructure that implements physical, administrative and technical controls that are calibrated based on risk and designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information systems and information stored on our networks, including customer and employee information.


text: Cybersecurity incident response plan and testing: We have a cybersecurity incident response plan and dedicated teams to respond to cybersecurity incidents. When a cybersecurity incident occurs or we identify a vulnerability, we have cross-functional teams that are responsible for leading the initial assessment of priority and severity, and external experts may also be engaged as appropriate. Our cybersecurity teams assist in responding to incidents depending on severity levels and seek to improve our cybersecurity incident management plan through periodic tabletops or simulations. Our Vice President of Information Technology and other members of his team oversee the implementation of this plan and are made aware of ongoing risks and incidents.


text: We provide security awareness training to our employees so they may better understand their information protection and cybersecurity responsibilities. We also provide additional training to certain employees based on their roles.


text: Supplier risk assessments: Our processes also address cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, including those in our supply-chain or who have access to our customer and employee data on our systems. Third-party risks are included within our enterprise risk management assessment program, as well as our cybersecurity-specific risk identification program. These considerations affect the selection and access to our systems, data, or facilities. We also seek contractual commitments from key suppliers to appropriately secure and maintain their information technology systems and protect our information that is processed on their systems.


text: Third-party assessments: We have engaged third-party vendors to periodically assess our cybersecurity posture, to assist in identifying and remediating risks from cybersecurity threats. We also regularly engage with consultants, auditors, and other third-parties to help identify areas for continued focus, improvement and compliance.


text: While the Company has experienced cybersecurity incidents, we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents to date, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, the sophistication of and risks from cybersecurity threats and incidents continue to increase and the preventative actions we have taken and continue to take to reduce these risks and protect our systems and information may not successfully protect against all cybersecurity threats and incidents in the future. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors under the heading of "Technology and Data Security Risks", of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


text: The Company's Board of Directors (the "Board"), as a whole, has oversight responsibility for our strategic and operational risks. The Board regularly reviews and discusses with management the strategies, processes and controls pertaining to the management of our information technology operations, including updates on the internal and external cybersecurity threat landscape, incident response, assessment and training activities, and relevant legislative, regulatory, and technical developments. Our Vice President of Information Technology presents, at least annually, to the Board, an overview of our cybersecurity threat risk management and strategy as well as provides reports regarding the evolving cybersecurity landscape, including emerging risk. Our Vice President of Information Technology and other members of his team remain informed about cybersecurity threats through the reporting framework as described above under Cybersecurity Risk Management and Security – Cybersecurity incident response plan and testing.


text: The Information Technology team is responsible for the day-to-day assessment and management of cybersecurity risks. Our cybersecurity risk management and strategy are led by our Vice President of Information Technology, and our Manager of Security. Such individuals have over 50 years of work experience, collectively, in various roles managing information security, developing cybersecurity strategy, and implementing effective information and cybersecurity programs, as well as relevant degrees and certifications.


text: While the Company does not employ a Chief Information Officer or consider cybersecurity threats to be a material risk to the business strategy, results of operations or financial position of the Company, the Board of Directors discusses risks and threats most applicable to the Company and inquires of management regarding design and effectiveness of controls in place to address the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents.

companyName: GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.

ticker: GLGI


text: Due to the size of the Company, our information technology ("IT") environment does not utilize overly complicated systems or processes. The Company does not sell products or conduct business in an online environment. We utilize a third party managed services provider ("Provider") for security applications, monitoring, and updates to our information technology environment. The Chief Financial Officer serves as the relationship manager for and has regularly scheduled meetings with the Provider to evaluate whether the services provided meet the Company's needs, review hardware and software obsolescence, and identify any new threats that need to be addressed. The Company uses multi-factor authentication for applications wherever possible to provide access security and we maintain a secure physical environment.


text: Through the Provider, automated security tools are used to monitor all Windows-based systems and provide defense against cyberattacks perpetrated on or against these systems and to protect internal systems from known and unknown cybersecurity threats. These security tools include:


text: Advanced, next-generation endpoint security software, detects attempted attacks on internal Windows-based systems and analyzes the attack providing context for said attacks to analysis teams. This data is then used to mitigate the attack and resolve the incident.


text: Privilege management software provides application context to reviewers to aid in the preemptive identification of malicious activities on a system. When administrative permissions are requested, details regarding the requesting process are forwarded to our provider for review and analysis before granting administrative privileges, limiting an attacker's ability to affect and compromise systems in the environment.


text: The Company employs email security tools provided and managed by our Provider to protect against email-based attacks. These tools include an email security gateway and an additional automated email filtering security. These tools provide advanced, AI-powered phishing detection and remediation for all Microsoft 365 email users in the environment.


text: The Company utilizes various third-party service organizations for critical areas of operations, including stockholder transfer agent services, accounting software, financial reporting software and regulatory filings, and mineral management software. The Company obtains System and Organization Controls ("SOC") reports for each vendor and ensures that internal controls are designed and implemented to adequately meet the applicable user controls identified within the SOC report for each vendor.


text: The Company requires all devices used by employees to be protected with the security measures listed above. It is also Company policy that all devices be used by the employee only and any use by non-employees is prohibited.


text: To date, the Company has not experienced a cybersecurity incident that resulted in a material adverse effect on our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition; however, there can be no guarantee that we will not experience such an incident in the future.


text: The Company's Audit Committee is responsible for exercising oversight of management's identification and management, and planning for, risks from cybersecurity threats.

companyName: TWIN DISC INC

ticker: TWIN


text: The Company has developed and implemented processes to assess, identify, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats as part of its overall enterprise risk management system. Its cybersecurity processes include security monitoring and threat hunting through a third-party managed vendor and mandatory, company-wide employee training. The processes also extend to oversight and identification of risks associated with vendors and customers if their computer systems interface with the Company's information systems. Upon detection of a potentially material cybersecurity incident, the Company initiates its cyber incident procedure to investigate, contain, and remediate the incident.


text: The Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents, and the expenses incurred from any security incidents have been immaterial. However, as discussed under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report, cybersecurity threats pose multiple and potentially material risks to the Company, including potentially to the Company's results of operations and financial condition. The Company relies extensively on information technology systems and could face cybersecurity risk. As cybersecurity threats become more frequent, sophisticated, and coordinated, it is reasonably likely that the Company may expend greater resources to continue to modify and enhance protective measures against such security risks.


text: The Company recognizes the critical importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding sensitive information, maintaining operational resilience and protecting stakeholders' interests. The Company currently manages cybersecurity risks by working with third-party IT consultants and utilizing basic security protocols. Management is responsible for identifying, considering and assessing material cybersecurity risks on an ongoing basis, establishing processes to the best of their ability to ensure that potential cybersecurity risk exposures are monitored, putting in place reasonably appropriate mitigation measures and maintaining cybersecurity programs. Our cybersecurity programs are under the direction of the CFO with assistance from the management team. Any significant cyber incidents that they become aware of are reported to the board of directors. The Board of Directors does not have a designated cybersecurity committee, but the Audit Committee receives periodic updates on cybersecurity matters. The Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents to date and there are no material cybersecurity incidents discovered in 2025. Please refer to Item 1A: Risk factors for further insights into cyber attack-related risks.

companyName: Star Gold Corp.

ticker: SRGZ


text: We are committed to preserving the trust and confidence of our stakeholders by taking appropriate technical and organizational measures for maintaining information security and data privacy. Our cybersecurity program allows us to assess, identify and manage information security and cybersecurity threats through risk assessment and prevention measures to facilitate communication, training, awareness and incident response procedures. We have established policies and procedures to ensure timely and appropriate notifications to relevant parties and regulators as required for cybersecurity threats and data breaches.

companyName: LSI INDUSTRIES INC

ticker: LYTS


text: Our data breach response designates an incident response team comprised of senior leaders within information technology, finance and compliance functions to ensure timely diagnosis and mitigation of cyber events. The incident response team is responsible for determining whether a cybersecurity incident is material and requires current reporting pursuant to SEC Form 8-K Item 1.05 (Material Cybersecurity Incidents). In conducting the assessment, the team considers factors including but not limited to the probability of an adverse outcome; the potential significance of loss; the nature and extent of harm to individuals, customers, and vendors; the nature and extent of harm to our competitive position or reputation; and the possibility of litigation or regulatory investigations.


text: To ensure our cybersecurity programs adhere to industry best practices, we have adopted the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework as a guide for our cybersecurity program. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework models the best practices for security and the capabilities needed to identify, protect, detect and respond to cybersecurity risks and events. In addition to the framework, we have a Security Action Committee comprised of the senior leaders of information technology, finance, and compliance that meets regularly to guide the evolution of our cybersecurity program, review potential incidents, and respond to trends in the cybersecurity landscape. We evaluate our physical, electronic and administrative safeguards on a continuous basis to ensure they are effectively deployed across the business. We also engage third-party services to conduct evaluations of our security controls, whether through penetration testing, independent audits or consulting on best practices to address new challenges. These evaluations include testing both the design and operational effectiveness of security controls.


text: Despite the Company's security measures and programs, our information technology and infrastructure are susceptible to cybersecurity incidents, intrusions and attacks, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, operating margins, revenues and competitive position. See "Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors" for further discussion of these risks.


text: Our Board of Directors is responsible for the oversight of cybersecurity risks and threats. The Board has delegated certain information security and data privacy oversight to the Audit Committee of the Board. The Audit Committee oversees compliance with information security and data privacy laws and has oversight responsibility for cybersecurity risks related to accounting, audit and financial matters. The Audit Committee and management report to the Board on a periodic basis regarding our information security and data privacy functions, including any cybersecurity threats.


text: The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of our cybersecurity policy, procedures and risk mitigation. Our information technology (IT) leadership briefs the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on a periodic basis on information security matters, including the current cybersecurity landscape, progress on information security initiatives and accomplishments, and reports on material cybersecurity incidents, as needed.


text: The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our disclosures on cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Audit Committee assists in determining materiality for timely reporting of cybersecurity incidents and is notified immediately if the incident response team has assessed that a material event may have occurred that may require filing an SEC Current Report on Form 8-K.


text: The Chief Information Officer with the support from the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assisted by our broader IT team, is responsible for setting the strategic direction and priorities for information security, coordination of enterprise-wide compliance with information security policies and procedures, as well as day-to-day information security management. Additionally, information security awareness trainings and testing are a compliance requirement for employees.


text: We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our data. We have a comprehensive cybersecurity policy hosted on our intranet for all employees, established to govern, guide and mitigate in the event of a cyber-attack. As a result, cybersecurity and data protection are key components of our long-term strategy.

companyName: TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL

ticker: TRT


text: Risks from Cybersecurity Threats We have not encountered any cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing in Fiscal 2025 and Fiscal 2024.


text: Our Board of Directors oversees our risk management, including our information technology and cybersecurity policies, procedures, and risk assessments. Management reports to our Board of Directors on information security matters as necessary, regarding any significant cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.


text: Managing technology risks, including cybersecurity risks, is a fundamental part of the Company's risk management framework and processes. We employ a variety of processes, risk assessments, and controls to assess, identify, and manage these risks and have developed and maintain a cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate and respond to cybersecurity threats. The program is one component of our enterprise risk management system. The technical, administrative and physical controls underlying our program are based on nationally recognized practices and standards for cybersecurity. Trusted partners are an important part of our cyber risk management program. We partner with service providers to conduct periodic risk assessments and to monitor and maintain the performance and effectiveness of security controls used in our environment.

companyName: INTEGRATED BIOPHARMA INC

ticker: INBP


text: The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Audit Committee") oversees our management of enterprise risks, including cybersecurity risks. Members of the management team brief the Board of Directors and Audit Committee on the effectiveness of risk management efforts on an annual basis.


text: Our cyber risk management program helps mitigate risks that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or reputation. Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, and could cause our business and reputation to suffer.


text: As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite our best efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats or provide assurances that we have not experienced undetected cybersecurity incidents. See "Risk Factors" in Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.


text: Cybersecurity Risks We rely on internal and third -party information technology systems and networks to process, transmit and store electronic information in our operations, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and employees. We use various internal and third -party information technology systems and networks to manage our operations and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. We also collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information and personal information of our customers, suppliers and employees, in our data centers and on our networks. The secure operation of these information technology systems and networks, and the processing and maintenance of this information, are critical to our business operations and strategy.

companyName: AYTU BIOPHARMA, INC

ticker: AYTU


text: Despite our security measures, our internal and third -party information technology systems and networks may be subject to damage, disruption, or unauthorized access due to a variety of factors, including cyber-attacks by computer hackers, computer viruses, ransomware, phishing, denial-of-service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, employee error or malfeasance, power outages, natural disasters, or other catastrophic events. Any such damage, disruption, or unauthorized access could compromise our internal and third -party networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure, or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, potential harm to our competitive position and additional costs to remediate the issue.


text: Cybersecurity Practices We have implemented various measures to manage our risk of information technology systems and networks damage, disruption, or unauthorized access, including regular employee training, monitoring of our systems and networks, maintenance of backup and protective systems and use of modern endpoint detection and response tools, which are integrated into Aytu's risk management systems and processes. We have implemented multi-factor authentication ("MFA") across many of our systems and email accounts to prevent unauthorized access and impersonation. We also utilize a cloud-based environment for a large portion of our operations, which enhances our scalability, flexibility and resilience and utilize third parties to perform early external vulnerability assessment and risk identification. We have established extensive backup and recovery procedures to ensure the continuity of our operations in a cyber incident. We also maintain cyber liability insurance coverage as part of our comprehensive risk management program. However, these measures may not be sufficient to prevent, detect, or mitigate the impact of such damage, disruption, or unauthorized access. Moreover, the regulatory environment related to information security, data protection and privacy is increasingly demanding and complex, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations may result in significant costs or require changes in our business practices that could adversely affect our operations.


text: Our Board of Directors is actively involved in overseeing our cybersecurity risk management. Our Board of Directors delegates certain oversight functions to our Audit Committee, which reviews our cybersecurity policies, procedures, controls and audit results. Our Audit Committee receives quarterly updates on our cybersecurity posture, threats and incidents from Aytu's management. Our Board of Directors and our Audit Committee regularly assess the adequacy of our cybersecurity risk management framework and the effectiveness of our mitigation strategies.


text: Our cybersecurity operations are led by our Chief Financial Officer. He is responsible for overseeing the development and implementation of our cybersecurity strategy, policies, standards and practices. He also oversees our cybersecurity team, which includes a staff member who has over 20 years of experience in the field. Our cybersecurity team monitors, detects, responds and reports on cybersecurity threats and incidents, and coordinates with our internal and external stakeholders to ensure the security of our information assets.


text: Aytu adheres to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, which provides a set of standards, guidelines and best practices to manage cybersecurity-related risks. We have developed and documented our systems disaster recovery plan, which outlines the roles, responsibilities and procedures for restoring our critical systems and data in the event of a cyber incident. We have also crafted internal policies to help maintain a secure environment, such as our information security policy, our data classification policy, our incident response policy and our password policy. We regularly conduct phishing simulations, vulnerability scans and audits to test the effectiveness of our controls and backups, and to identify and remediate any gaps or weaknesses in our cybersecurity posture.


text: Cybersecurity Incidents Despite our efforts to prevent and mitigate cybersecurity incidents, we cannot guarantee that we, or third -party providers that we rely on, will not experience any breaches, disruptions, or unauthorized access to our information technology systems and networks. During fiscal 2025, we did not experience any cybersecurity incidents that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, however, there can be no assurance that the measures we have taken to address IT and cybersecurity risks will prove effective in the future. For additional discussion of the IT and cybersecurity risks facing our business, please refer to Part 1, Item 1A, Risk Factors of this Annual Report.


text: We prioritize investment in cybersecurity risk management and governance. We continually assess the adequacy of our resources and capabilities to address emerging threats, regulatory requirements and changes in technology. As cybersecurity threats evolve, we may need to further enhance our processes and technologies, which could require additional financial resources.


text: As part of our overall enterprise risk management function, we have implemented and currently maintain various information security processes designed to identify, assess and manage material risks related to information technology, including cybersecurity threats to our critical computer networks, third-party hosted services, and our critical data, ("Information Systems"). Our Information Systems risk management process evaluates and mitigates cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.

companyName: NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL INC

ticker: NAII


text: We periodically engage third -party consultants and service providers to obtain an independent assessment regarding internal efforts to prevent threats to our Information Systems. Continuous vigilance over safeguarding the Company's Information Systems has resulted in our current approach and these assessments are shared with our Audit Committee.


text: To mitigate the occurrence of an incident as defined by the Company's formal documentation, which classifies and defines the properties of potential threats, the Company has in place a host of defenses which include, but are not limited to, the use of gateway consoles in all our global locations, limited access to key Information Systems from in-office networks or VPN with multi-factor authentication by means of a third -party mobile identity management tool to limit access to authorized users.


text: Internally to manage potential cybersecurity threats, we have established an Incident Response Plan that is designed to control the workflow of a reported incident. This plan formalizes incidence response stages such that reporting, identification, scope, response, and recovery are executed in a timely manner and identifies the order and coordination of internal and external communication. In addition, the Company addresses crisis management and business continuity with respect to Information Systems to ensure reliable redundancy and recovery of backed-up databases.


text: Management is not aware of any material security breaches on its Information Systems and risks from cybersecurity threats have not previously materially affected us. Certain of our vendors have experienced cyberattacks in the past and the threat and development of cyberattacks is continuous. It is impossible to say with certainty whether the Company's efforts will prevail in a coordinated attack on its Information Systems. Currently we expect the risks from cybersecurity threats will continue, but are not reasonably likely to materially affect us mostly due to our profile and not because our defenses are impenetrable or the efforts of criminals will not become more sophisticated. A cybersecurity attack on our systems could have a material negative impact upon our business, results of operations or financial condition. For additional information about cybersecurity risks, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors."


text: Role of the Board The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors (the "Board") has the responsibility for the oversight of risk management, including those risks related to cybersecurity. The Board holds strategic planning sessions with senior management to discuss strategies, key challenges, risks and opportunities for mitigation. The involvement of our Board in setting our business strategy is a key part of its oversight of risk management, its assessment of management's appetite for risk, and its determination of what constitutes an appropriate level of risk for us. Our senior management attends meetings of our Board and its committees on a quarterly basis, and management communicates with the Board and its members regularly between Board meetings as otherwise needed and are available to address any questions or concerns raised by our Board on risk management and any other matters.


text: Role of Management Our senior management, with the oversight of the Board, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks the Company faces, including those related to cybersecurity. We believe it is important to work at all levels of the Company's hierarchy to manage cybersecurity risks and threats. Therefore, all users must use an online IT ticketing system, which is monitored around the clock, to report any incidents. Qualified individuals in IT determine what resources to allocate to each case and escalation of an incident, if deemed necessary. The Systems Administrators and IT Director, who has more than 18 years of experience with the Company, communicates on a day-to-day basis with the Chief Financial Officer, and President/Chief Operating Officer who would bring any material cybersecurity issues to the attention of the Company's Chief Executive Officer, the Audit Committee, and the Board.


text: We recognize the importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding sensitive information, withstanding and recovering from adverse events, and protecting stockholders' interests. We currently manage cybersecurity risks by utilizing basic security protocols, such as network monitoring and access controls. Management is responsible for identifying, considering and assessing material cybersecurity risks on an ongoing basis, establishing processes that are designed to ensure such potential cybersecurity risks are monitored, putting in place reasonable appropriate mitigation measures and maintaining cybersecurity programs. Any significant incidents are reported to the board of directors, however the board of directors does not have a designated cybersecurity committee. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, we have not identified any indication of a cybersecurity incident that would materially affect our business.

companyName: MOVING iMAGE TECHNOLOGIES INC.

ticker: MITQ


text: We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining cybersecurity measures to maintain the security, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our business systems and confidential information, including personal information and intellectual property. To this end, our processes are designed to assess, identify, and manage risks from potential unauthorized occurrences on or through our information technology systems (including such risks associated with the use of any third -party service providers) that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of these systems and the data residing therein. These processes are managed and monitored by third -party experts under supervision of management, and, where necessary or desired, include mechanisms, controls, technologies, systems, and other processes designed to prevent or mitigate data loss, theft, misuse, or other security incidents or vulnerabilities affecting the data. We also consult with outside advisors and experts to assist with assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity risks, including to anticipate future threats and trends, and their impact on our risk environment.

companyName: ReposiTrak, Inc.

ticker: TRAK


text: We consider cybersecurity, along with other significant risks that we face, within our overall enterprise risk management framework. Our processes and resources are also designed to help enable us to actively identify, protect, detect, respond to, and recover from risks and threats. Nevertheless, we face certain ongoing cybersecurity risk threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us. As of the date of this report, we have not identified cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our business, results of operations, or financial condition.


text: Third-party experts assist our senior management team in assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. All employees and consultants are directed to report to our senior management any irregular or suspicious activity that could indicate a cybersecurity threat or incident. The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors evaluates our cybersecurity assessment and management policies, including quarterly discussions with our senior officers and independent registered accounting firm.


text: As a component of and integrated into our overall risk management strategy and system, we maintain a cybersecurity risk management program designed to assess, identify, manage and protect our information systems and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction. Our program is based on applicable industry frameworks and standards, including those provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and is comprised of core functions to identify, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats and events. We constantly monitor cybersecurity threats and test the performance and effectiveness of our cybersecurity program, with the assistance of third-party experts, on an annual and ongoing basis. We recognize the risks associated with the use of vendors, service providers and other third parties that provide information system services to us, process information on our behalf or have access to our information systems, and the Company has processes in place to oversee and manage these risks. We conduct thorough security assessments of these third-party engagements and maintain ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with our cybersecurity standards. This monitoring includes both annual and ongoing assessments. As described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K, we are subject to risks from cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial results. As of the date of this report, no risks from cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

companyName: INSTEEL INDUSTRIES INC

ticker: IIIN


text: Our Information Services Department manages our cybersecurity risk management program which is overseen by the Vice President of Information Services. The Vice President of Information Services has a master's degree in business administration with a focus on technology and has decades of professional experience in cybersecurity threat assessments and detection, applicable technologies, incident response and employee training. Our Information Services Department includes a team of experienced professionals who have developed an Incident Response Policy that is regularly reviewed and updated. The Incident Response Policy establishes the required steps to assess, respond to and limit the impact of an incident, details tactical and strategic team membership and points of contact related to the response process and provides for escalating notifications to senior executives, including the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, depending on the severity of the threat.


text: The Board of Directors, having ultimate oversight of the company's cybersecurity risk, receives annual and periodic updates on the cybersecurity program, including those related to material risks and incidents, from the Vice President of Information Services and participates in discussions regarding cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity information provided to the Board comprises a broad range of topics including, but not limited to, emerging cybersecurity threats, ongoing cybersecurity initiatives, incident reports and compliance with regulatory requirements, industry standards and relevant benchmarking. In addition to Board oversight, we provide mandatory quarterly employee training on how to identify, assess and manage risks from cybersecurity threats.


text: Our Senior Vice President of Information Technology manages our security program. Oversight of the program occurs via IT metrics-based updates provided to an Information Technology Steering team (consisting of the executive officers and other key employees of the Company) on a quarterly basis. Additionally, multiple elements of our cybersecurity security program are tested internally and externally on a bi-yearly basis in alignment with our Sarbanes-Oxley information security controls, and we engage independent third parties annually to assess the risks associated with our information technology assets. Our cybersecurity program is part of our enterprise risk management strategy and includes policies and procedures designed to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information assets. Lastly, a cybersecurity risk assessment is provided to our Board of Directors on an annual basis which includes metrics, security incidents, key risk indicators, and risk mitigation plans as well as on the status of material risks, mitigation measures, and incidents related to such risks. Our Board of Directors has overall responsibility for risk oversight, with the Information Technology Steering team assisting the Board in performing this function based on its respective areas of expertise. As such, the Information Technology Steering team performs materiality determinations of cyber incidents and advises the Board of Directors accordingly.

companyName: GEOSPACE TECHNOLOGIES CORP

ticker: GEOS


text: We maintain a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management program that aligns to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Framework and adopts a variety of cybersecurity best practices across the enterprise. We leverage industry-leading cybersecurity vendors that provide the following capabilities: Managed Detection and Response (MDR); a Security Operations Center (SOC) that monitors the Company's IT assets on a 24x7x365 basis; tools to interdict emails with phishing links and malware payloads; data leak protection tools that provide real-time interdiction of data transfers outside of normal business usage; vulnerability detection and automated patching tools; firewalls and instruction detection systems; multi-factor authentication mechanisms; mobile device management systems; penetration testing; and various third -party assessments. Our critical IP data is maintained on segmented, access-controlled data stores. We utilize a variety of backup mechanisms for its data including both warm and cold storage solutions. Lastly, we utilize token-based technologies to support Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliance safe handling and protection of credit card data.


text: We have a defined security policy that is reviewed on an annual basis. We have established response procedures for cyber-security incidents and test the procedures on a periodic basis. We provide robust computer-based cybersecurity and wire fraud / phishing awareness training to all new employees as well as training to existing employees on an annual basis. We have not experienced material information security incidents in the last three years nor have we incurred any material expenses related to penalties and/or settlements related to a material breach nor have we been materially affected or reasonably likely to have had a material adverse effect on us, our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Nevertheless, we do carry a cybersecurity insurance policy.


text: The Trust does not have any officers, directors or employees. The Sponsor is responsible for the oversight and overall management of the Trust. The Sponsor is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the World Gold Council and relies on the World Gold Council's cybersecurity program for its own risk management. The Trust also relies on the cybersecurity programs of its service providers. The Board of Directors of the Sponsor (the "Board of Directors") receives reports from the Sponsor's officers detailing cybersecurity review processes, any potential risks and any incidents which could impact the Trust. The Board of Directors also periodically receives, and reviews reports from the World Gold Council and the Trust's service providers regarding their cybersecurity programs.

companyName: SPDR GOLD TRUST

ticker: GLD


text: As of the date of this report, the Sponsor has not identified any risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected, or that the Sponsor believes or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust, including its operations, results of operations, or financial condition.


text: Cybersecurity Program Overview The World Gold Council has a comprehensive cybersecurity program built around the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Cybersecurity Framework which is overseen by the World Gold Council's Chief Technology Officer. The program incorporates a variety of strategies and measures aimed at identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. The program's key components include risk assessment and management, where the Operational Risk Committee of the World Gold Council, of which the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Sponsor is a member, identifies potential threats and vulnerabilities and implements appropriate controls to mitigate those vulnerabilities. As part of the program, the World Gold Council (i) develops and enforces security policies and procedures, providing guidelines for safe and secure operations, (ii) prioritizes employee training and awareness, as human error is often a significant factor in security breaches, (iii) conducts regular security audits and assessments to ensure that the program remains effective and up to date with evolving threats, and (iv) incorporates advanced technologies such as identify management, encryption, firewalls, anti-malware and intrusion detection systems to provide multiple layers of defense against cyber-attacks.


text: The World Gold Council has an incident response plan ("IRP") which (i) identifies the incident response team and the roles and responsibilities of the team members, (ii) details the incident response lifecycle, including preparation, detection, response and recovery, and (iii) outlines the internal and external communications plan. The IRP requires any cybersecurity incidents which could impact the Trust to be reported to the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Sponsor.


text: The Trust also relies on its other service providers, including the Trustee and the Custodians, to implement cybersecurity programs and engage external experts, including cybersecurity assessors, risk management and information technology professionals, attorneys, consultants and auditors to evaluate their cybersecurity measures and risk management processes.


text: Management ' s Role in Cybersecurity Risk Management The Sponsor conducts annual due diligence on the Trust's service providers, including the Trustee and Custodians, which includes a review of the relevant service provider's operational and cybersecurity controls. The Sponsor's officers review and report the results of this annual review and any incidents or perceived risks to the Board of Directors.


text: Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks The Board of Directors receives a report from the Sponsor's officers detailing the Sponsor's annual due diligence on the Trust's service providers, including a summary of any potential operational risks and any incidents which could impact the Trust. The Board of Directors also periodically receives reports from the World Gold Council and the Trust's service providers regarding their cybersecurity programs.


text: GLDM does not have any officers, directors or employees. The Sponsor is responsible for the oversight and overall management of GLDM. The Sponsor is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the World Gold Council and relies on the World Gold Council's cybersecurity program for its own risk management. GLDM also relies on the cybersecurity programs of its service providers. The Board of Directors of the Sponsor (the "Board of Directors") receives reports from the Sponsor's officers detailing the Sponsor's cybersecurity review processes, any potential risks and any incidents which could impact GLDM. The Board of Directors also periodically receives, and reviews reports from the World Gold Council and GLDM's service providers regarding their cybersecurity programs.

companyName: World Gold Trust

ticker: GLDM


text: As of the date of this report, the Sponsor has not identified any risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected, or that the Sponsor believes are reasonably likely to materially affect, GLDM, including its operations, results of operations, or financial condition. See "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report for a discussion of the risks related to cybersecurity.


text: Cybersecurity Program Overview The World Gold Council has a comprehensive cybersecurity program built around the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Cybersecurity Framework which is overseen by the World Gold Council's Chief Technology Officer. The program incorporates a variety of strategies and measures aimed at identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to and recovering from cyber incidents. The program's key components include risk assessment and management, where the Operational Risk Committee of the World Gold Council, of which the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Sponsor is a member, identifies potential threats and vulnerabilities and implements appropriate controls to mitigate those vulnerabilities. As part of the program, the World Gold Council (1) develops and enforces security policies and procedures, providing guidelines for safe and secure operations, (2) prioritizes employee training and awareness, as human error is often a significant factor in security breaches, (3) conducts regular security audits and assessments to ensure that the program remains effective and up to date with evolving threats, and (4) incorporates advanced technologies such as identity management, encryption, firewalls, anti-malware and intrusion detection systems to provide multiple layers of defense against cyber-attacks.


text: The World Gold Council has an incident response plan ("IRP") which (1) identifies the incident response team and the roles and responsibilities of the team members, (2) details the incident response lifecycle, including preparation, detection, response and recovery, and (3) outlines the internal and external communications plan. The IRP requires any cybersecurity incidents which could impact GLDM to be reported to the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Sponsor.


text: GLDM also relies on its other service providers, including the Administrator and the Custodians, to implement cybersecurity programs and engage external experts, including cybersecurity assessors, risk management and information technology professionals, attorneys, consultants and auditors to evaluate their cybersecurity measures and risk management processes.


text: Management ' s Role in Cybersecurity Risk Management The Sponsor conducts annual due diligence on GLDM's service providers, including the Administrator and Custodians, which includes a review of the relevant service provider's operational and cybersecurity controls. The Sponsor's officers review and report the results of this annual review and any incidents or perceived risks to the Board of Directors.


text: Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks The Board of Directors receives a report from the Sponsor's officers detailing the Sponsor's annual due diligence on GLDM's service providers, including a summary of any potential operational or cybersecurity risks and any incidents which could impact GLDM. The Board of Directors also periodically receives reports from the World Gold Council and GLDM's service providers regarding their cybersecurity programs.


text: Our enterprise risk management process includes an evaluation of cybersecurity risk together with other company risks. The Company has established a cybersecurity risk management program (the "program") designed to assess, identify, and manage material cybersecurity risks. Our program is designed based on industry best practices and is aligned with the core components of frameworks established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Center for Internet Security (CIS) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

companyName: J&J SNACK FOODS CORP

ticker: JJSF


text: An annual risk assessment is performed to identify internal and external cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities, assess the likelihood and potential impact of such threats and vulnerabilities, and prioritize the risks from such threats and vulnerabilities. The results of the risk assessment, along with professional judgment, are used to develop and implement cybersecurity risk mitigation strategies and controls.


text: A cybersecurity incident response plan that outlines a structured approach to investigating, containing, documenting, and mitigating cybersecurity incidents, including reporting findings and keeping senior management, the Audit Committee, and other key stakeholders informed and involved as appropriate; Annual external penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities, assess perimeter security, improve incident response, and strengthen security policies and procedures; Regular phishing, social engineering, and cybersecurity awareness training for employees with access to the Company's information technology environment;


text: Annual tabletop exercises to test incident response plans, improve communication and coordination between relevant employees, and identify gaps to inform needed adjustments to plans;


text: Ongoing risk assessments of third-party service providers designed to ensure they meet the Company's standards for reliability, security, compliance, and performance.


text: Third-party service providers are used in various capacities as part of our cybersecurity risk management program, including performing risk mitigation controls and providing cloud-based cybersecurity services and platforms. For example, third-party service providers are used to conduct our external penetration testing, as well as assist the Company in detecting, responding, and mitigating cybersecurity incidents. The Company uses a variety of processes to oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with the use of third-party service providers. Third-party service providers are required to complete a detailed questionnaire, which is used to identify and assess material cybersecurity risks. In addition, the Company performs an annual review of independent attestation reports of the third-party service providers' control environments designed to ensure that the controls meet Company security requirements and that any identified issues in the independent attestation reports do not present material cybersecurity risks to the Company.


text: To date, we have not identified any cybersecurity threats or incidents which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition; however, there is no guarantee that we will not be the subject of future successful cybersecurity threats or incidents that may materially and adversely affect the Company, including its business strategy, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Additional information on cybersecurity-related risks is discussed under the heading "Risks Associated with our Information Technology Systems" under Item 1A, which should be read in conjunction with Item 1C.


text: Our Board of Directors has delegated oversight responsibilities for enterprise risk, including cybersecurity risk, to the Audit Committee. The Chief Information Officer ("CIO") and Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") provide periodic updates to the Audit Committee regarding the Company's cybersecurity risk management program. The Company has a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes a process to evaluate cybersecurity incidents for materiality. The escalation protocol includes reporting potentially material cybersecurity incidents to senior members of management for further evaluation. Any cybersecurity incident determined to have a material impact on the Company is timely reported to the Audit Committee.


text: The CISO has primary responsibility for the development, operation, and maintenance of our cybersecurity risk management program. Our CISO has 25 years of experience in information technology and cybersecurity generally, which has been gained from a combination of education, including relevant degrees, and prior work experience.


text: Cyber Risk Management and Strategy Under the oversight of the Board of Directors, since we do not currently have an Audit Committee, we have implemented and maintain a risk management program that includes processes for the systematic identification, assessment, management, and treatment of cybersecurity risks. Our cybersecurity oversight and operational processes are integrated into our overall risk management processes, and cybersecurity is one of our designated risk categories. We implement a risk-based approach to the management of cyber threats, supported by cybersecurity technologies, including automated tools designed to monitor, identify, and address cybersecurity risks. In support of this approach, we implement processes to assess, identify, and manage security risks to the company, including in the pillar areas of security and compliance, application security, infrastructure security, and data privacy. This process includes regular compliance and critical system access reviews. In addition, we c onduct application security assessments, vulnerability management, penetration testing, security audits, and ongoing risk assessments as part of our risk management process. We also maintain an incident response plan to guide our processes in the event of an incident.

companyName: NORTHERN MINERALS & EXPLORATION LTD.

ticker: NMEX


text: Further, we have processes in place to evaluate potential risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers that will have access to our data, including a review process for such providers' cybersecurity practices, risk assessments, contractual requirement, and system monitoring.


text: We continue to evaluate and enhance our systems, controls, and processes where possible, including in response to actual or perceived threats specific to us or experienced by other companies.


text: We have policies and procedures for identifying, assessing, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats. We seek to address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive approach focused on preserving the confidentiality, security, and availability of the information that we collect and store by identifying, preventing, and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur. We implement and maintain technical and physical safeguards and other organizational measures, including, for example, the use of antivirus software, intrusion prevention and detection systems, virtual private networks, firewalls, email security, link protection, the regular deployment of updates and patches as they become available, a general policy against providing access to our network to any third party (with the exception of our third party information technology vendor), the use of a third party service to conduct mandatory online training for all employees regarding identifying and mitigating cybersecurity risks, regular phishing testing, regular reviews of access to systems and networks, and routine monitoring of compliance with our written information security plan. We also maintain cybersecurity insurance that provides for certain protection against potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident.

companyName: HENNESSY ADVISORS INC

ticker: HNNA


text: We have an Information Technology committee that meets at least quarterly and includes members of our management team and compliance team. The members of the Information Technology committee have gained cybersecurity experience through years of training, internal and external discussions, and the development, implementation, and periodic evaluation of our cybersecurity policies.


text: We have not experienced a material cybersecurity incident, any expenses we have incurred from cybersecurity breaches have been immaterial, and we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that are reasonably likely to materially affect our business. Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents. However, future incidents could have a material and adverse impact on our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For additional discussion of the risks posed by cybersecurity threats, see Item 1A, "Risk Factors."


text: Our Board of Directors oversees cybersecurity risk management as part of its general oversight function. The Company's management team provides updates to the Board of Directors regarding cybersecurity as appropriate.


text: In an effort to mitigate cyber intrusions, the Company has implemented a cybersecurity program intended to protect and preserve the integrity, confidentiality and reliability of data and systems. Cybersecurity risks are a key component of the Company's overall risk management, is integrated into other corporate processes and goes beyond the Company to certain vendors or suppliers. The Company has instituted certain cybersecurity requirements, interacted with various external organizations including its state regulator, and participated in proprietary briefings by industry experts to maintain an awareness of current cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.

companyName: RGC RESOURCES INC

ticker: RGCO


text: The Company's cybersecurity program fundamentally aligns with the COBIT framework. This is reflected in our related policies, practices and procedures. We have multiple layers of security controls as well as a third -party SOC that helps identify, avoid and mitigate cybersecurity threats. The evaluation of risks includes consideration of cybersecurity and privacy risk, including ( 1) potential impact on the Company's employees, customers, and other stakeholders, ( 2) intelligence briefings on notable cyber events impacting the industry and ( 3) evaluation of external threats. The Company utilizes internal and third -party assessment tools and tests to evaluate its cyber risk policies, practices and procedures as well as to challenge how its defenses are built and deployed. These assessments provide opportunities for critical self-analysis, constructive feedback from third parties, and learnings from industry experts to enhance cyber resilience. Both formal and informal cybersecurity awareness trainings are provided to employees to help identify and avoid cybersecurity threats and to ensure employees understand the Company's cyber risk management policies along with the key role they play to ensure cyber hygiene. The Company has established a cybersecurity incident response team that includes the CEO, CFO, VP of HR, IT Director and other personnel. The Company has also retained counsel to advise on cybersecurity matters. The Company periodically undertakes table top exercises facilitated by a third party whereby the incident response team reacts to, evaluates and updates, if necessary, its policies and processes to a simulated cyberattack.


text: The Company's current security posture and regulatory compliance efforts are intended to address evolving and changing cyber threats. During the past three years, the Company has not experienced a cybersecurity incident resulting in a material impact to its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. The Company has identified the risk that a hostile cyber intrusion could severely impair the Company's operations, lead to disclosure of confidential information, damage the Company's reputation or otherwise have an adverse effect on the Companies' business as disclosed within Item 1A. Risk Factors.


text: The Company's Board of Directors, including its Audit Committee, provides oversight of the Company's risks from cybersecurity threats. Management, including the CEO, CFO and IT personnel, presents formal reports to the Audit Committee and to the full board at least annually, as well as whenever cyber events warrant update.


text: We have implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program is an element of and is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and is a key component of our annual organizational risk assessment. Our cybersecurity risk management program is based in part on, and incorporates elements of, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework and International Organization for Standardization 27001 (ISO 27001) Framework. In general, we seek to address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach that is focused on preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store by identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur.

companyName: Azenta, Inc.

ticker: AZTA


text: Our cybersecurity risk management program utilizes a variety of technical and process controls that are designed to identify, protect against, detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity threats, including: risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise information technology ("IT") environment;


text: a security team that is principally responsible for managing ( 1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, ( 2) our security controls and policies, and ( 3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;


text: the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test, or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls; cybersecurity awareness training for our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management; assessment of material cybersecurity risks posed by third -party service providers, including risks to employee, customer and financial information; a cybersecurity incident response protocol that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and business continuity plans.


text: As part of the above processes, we engage, as necessary, consultants and other third parties, to review our cybersecurity incidents if material to help quantify the impact and identify areas for continued focus, improvement, and compliance.


text: Our processes also address cybersecurity threat risks associated with our use of third -party service providers, including our suppliers and manufacturers or who have access to confidential, proprietary, personal, or employee data, or to our systems. In addition, cybersecurity considerations affect the selection and oversight of our third -party service providers. We perform diligence on third parties that have access to our systems, data or facilities that house such systems or data, and continually monitor cybersecurity threat risks identified through such diligence. Additionally, we generally require those third parties that could introduce significant cybersecurity risk to us to agree by contract to manage their cybersecurity risks in specified ways, and to agree to be subject to cybersecurity audits or audits for System and Organization Controls (SOC) compliance.


text: We have been, and expect to continue to be, subject to cybersecurity risks and incidents related to our business. We have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents during the last fiscal year. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors " of this Annual Report on Form 10 -K.


text: Our Board of Directors considers cybersecurity risk as part of its enterprise risk management oversight function. The Board of Directors delegates oversight of the cybersecurity risk management program to the Audit Committee. This oversight includes periodic reports from management concerning cybersecurity related risks. The management of the program is the responsibility of our Risk Management Committee, comprised of our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Digital & Information Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and General Counsel. Our Chief Digital & Information Officer, who has over 30 years of extensive work experience in the field of technology and cybersecurity, leads our team of cybersecurity professionals and provides the Risk Management Committee with periodic reports on our cybersecurity risks and any material cybersecurity incidents. Our team of cybersecurity professionals monitors the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through the cybersecurity risk management and processes described above, including the operation of our incident response plan. The Risk Management Committee provides updates to the Audit Committee on our cybersecurity risk management program as appropriate, including updates on ( 1) any critical cybersecurity risks; ( 2) ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies; ( 3) applicable regulatory requirements; and ( 4) industry standards. The Risk Management Committee also notifies the Board of Directors of any significant and/or material cybersecurity incidents (suspected or actual) and provides updates on the incidents as well as cybersecurity risk mitigation activities as appropriate.


text: We rely on computer systems and information technology to conduct our business, including to securely transmit data associated with cashless payments. These systems and technology are increasingly complex and vital to our operations, which has resulted in an expansion of our technological presence and corresponding risk exposure. In addition, these systems are inherently vulnerable to disruption or failure, as well as internal and external security breaches, denial of service attacks and other disruptive problems caused by cybersecurity threat actors. We have not experienced any cybersecurity incidents that have materially impacted or are likely to materially impact our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition based on information known to us as of the date of this report. Under the oversight of our Board, our management has developed a cybersecurity risk management program based on the Center for Internet Security Critical Security Controls framework that is integrated with our overall risk management program and is designed to assess, identify, manage and mitigate material cybersecurity risks. Our cybersecurity program includes policies and procedures that govern how security measures and controls are implemented and maintained. We identify and implement security controls to address cybersecurity risks based on an annual risk assessment and our evaluation of relevant factors, including the likelihood of risk, the potential impact and severity of the risk, the feasibility and expense of potential controls, and the impact of controls on our operations. Our cybersecurity program includes regular security assessments and testing, regular employee trainings, third-party security audits, and solutions designed to detect and mitigate cybersecurity threats, including data breaches, malware, ransomware and phishing attacks.

companyName: Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage, Inc.

ticker: NGVC


text: We utilize third party security firms and consultants to test our cybersecurity control environment and to provide certain security measures that we use to protect our information technology environment, including to detect and filter external phishing and malware threats, to provide enhanced endpoint protection and to protect our data through data classification. We have developed a third-party cybersecurity risk management process to conduct due diligence on external entities, including those that perform cybersecurity services.


text: We have prepared a written incident response plan and crisis management plan to enhance our ability to respond to cybersecurity incidents. We periodically conduct internal tabletop exercises to enhance incident response preparedness. Our employees are required to participate in regular cybersecurity awareness trainings upon hiring and on a quarterly basis thereafter.


text: Our Vice President of Information Technology (our VP of IT) has primary responsibility for monitoring, assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. He oversees a dedicated information technology team that is responsible for managing enterprise-wide information security strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes, and is regularly informed of, and monitors, the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents. Our VP of IT has over 26 years of information technology experience, has earned a graduate degree in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance, and maintains relevant industry designations including Certified Information Systems Security Professional and Certified Information Security Manager certifications.


text: Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as a part of its overall risk oversight function. Our Board receives reports from our VP of IT at least bi-annually, and on an as-needed basis, on cybersecurity risks and actions taken to mitigate those risks. These reports include updates on our cybersecurity risks, the emerging threat environment, and the status of projects designed to enhance our information security systems and programs.


text: We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to materially protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our critical systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing risk from cybersecurity threats as well as a cybersecurity incident response plan. Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall risk management system and processes, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other strategic, operational, legal, compliance, and financial risk areas.

companyName: VERU INC.

ticker: VERU


text: Our cybersecurity policies and procedures are designed to ensure that appropriate cybersecurity measures and controls are developed, implemented, and maintained, with assistance from a third -party service provider. These policies and procedures and the resulting safeguards are designed and evaluated in light of our risk assessments. We have implemented access controls, firewalls, and intrusion detection and prevention systems, vulnerability and patch management processes, and we also use a variety of other automated tools and manual processes to safeguard our information systems. We maintain a business continuity and disaster recovery plan designed to enhance our incident response preparedness. We also require employees to undergo security awareness training when hired and based on periodic phishing tests.


text: As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10 -K, we have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including or as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For additional information regarding risks to us from cybersecurity threats, see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A. of this report.


text: One of the key functions of our board of directors is risk oversight, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly and through the audit committee.


text: Our Chief Financial Officer is primarily responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats with assistance from a third-party service provider. Our Chief Financial Officer supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which include quarterly briefings from our third-party service provider and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment. Our Chief Financial Officer has over 10 years of experience in overseeing our cybersecurity and information technology programs. We also rely on our third-party service provider for advice and expertise on monitoring evolving industry standards and best practices.


text: Our Chief Financial Officer provides periodic briefings to the board of directors regarding the Company's cybersecurity risks and activities, including any recent cybersecurity incidents and related responses, cyber security systems testing, and activities of third parties.


text: The Company is subject to attempted cyberattacks and other cybersecurity risks. Our business relies on various information technology and application systems that may be impacted by a malicious cyberattack. Such cyber incidents may cause lost revenues or increased expenses stemming from inability to use certain systems for a period of time, loss of financial assets, fines related to breach of personally identifiable information or other protected information, reputational damage and remediation and litigation costs as well as increased cybersecurity protection costs.

companyName: OPTICAL CABLE CORP

ticker: OCC


text: We regularly evaluate cybersecurity risks from computer viruses and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks such as ransomware, as well as cybersecurity failures resulting from human error and technological errors. Such risks are monitored and reviewed by management on a periodic basis as deemed appropriate.


text: We have developed and continue to invest in a variety of solutions and controls for real-time threat prevention, detection and instantaneous, automated reaction to such cyberattacks. Our overall strategy in combatting known cybersecurity risks includes:


text: The use of antivirus software, virtual private networks, email security, as well as other software to prevent and detect intrusions such as identity attacks. Engagement of a provider for real-time threat detection, alerting and immediate, automated remediation service for the entire organization.


text: The use of multi-factor authentication for all remote users when they connect to the corporate network and the corporate email platform.


text: The deployment of updates and patches as they are available for all installed versions of enterprise software to reduce the exposure to vulnerabilities.


text: The review of the security procedures and controls used by third parties that may host or otherwise have access to the Company's data. If necessary, the use of third-party security experts if and when an incident is detected.


text: Regardless of the controls we have in place, cybersecurity risks continue to become more complex and pervasive, and our internal controls cannot provide absolute assurance that we will be able to protect ourselves from significant cyberattack incidents. Additionally, by outsourcing certain administrative functions to third parties, we may be exposed to risk of data security breaches against those third parties.


text: We are not aware of any existing cybersecurity threats that would materially affect, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our business strategy, results of operations, liquidity or financial conditions. Furthermore, we are not aware of having experienced any significant cybersecurity incidents during fiscal year 2025. Management periodically updates the Board of Directors regarding efforts to minimize cybersecurity risks.


text: Our cybersecurity and risk management program is intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical information systems and the data resident on them. We have designed our IT systems and processes with the intention that our solutions should defend against the ever-evolving threat landscape while remaining agile to keep up with such threats. We have established processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks, which are built into our information technology function and are designed to safeguard our information assets and operations from internal and external cyber threats, including protecting employee information from unauthorized access to or attacks on our networks and systems. These processes include physical, procedural and technical safeguards, response plans, regular tests on our systems, incident simulations and routine reviews of our policies and procedures to identify risks and enhance our practices. We also employ processes to identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers.

companyName: Bridgeline Digital, Inc.

ticker: BLIN


text: In an effort to deter and detect cyber threats, we periodically provide training programs to our employees on issues related to privacy and data protection, cybersecurity risks, and the importance of reporting all incidents immediately. Topics include identifying phishing, password protection, securing confidential data, and mobile security. In addition, we use technology-based tools to mitigate cybersecurity risks and to bolster our employee-based cybersecurity programs. We also perform annual vulnerability assessments, conducted by independent, third -party cybersecurity firms. Additionally, as part of our overall risk mitigation strategy, the Company obtains certain insurance policies. However, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us fully against claims related to security breaches, cyber-attacks and other related breaches.


text: An incident response plan has been established which provides detailed information on actions to take in the event of an incident. The incident response plan includes the scope of the plan, establishes the incident response team, details the incident response lifecycle, and provides templates to make the process easier to document and follow. Timelines, communication methods, and notification information are included in the plan to ensure the process can be followed in high pressure situations which can occur during incidents.


text: The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors provides direct cybersecurity risk oversight. Our management provides timely disclosure and related updates to the Audit Committee regarding potential cybersecurity threats, incidents and general risks.


text: Our management periodically evaluates information on evolving cybersecurity risks and, based on its assessment of the processes the Company has put in place, does not believe there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Further, we have not had any cybersecurity incidents in 2025, and through the date of filing of this Form 10-K.


text: While prior incidents have not had a material impact on us, future incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows. For additional information about our cybersecurity risks, see Item 1A — Risk Factors on this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


text: At Track Group, Inc., we recognize the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, partners, and employees. We maintain a comprehensive process for identifying, assessing, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats (as such term is defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K) as part of our broader risk management system and processes. The cybersecurity risk management system involves risk assessments, implementation of security measures, and ongoing monitoring of systems and networks, including networks on which we rely. We actively monitor the current threat landscape in an effort to identify material risks arising from new and evolving cybersecurity threats. We obtain input, as appropriate, for our cybersecurity risk management program on the security industry and threat trends from consultants, cybersecurity assessors, auditors and other third parties to gather certain insights designed to identify and assess material cybersecurity threat risks, their severity and potential mitigations. To protect the information that we gather and the availability of our information systems from cybersecurity threats, we have an ongoing cybersecurity risk mitigation program, which includes maintaining up-to-date detection, prevention and monitoring systems. We define a cybersecurity threat as any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems or information systems of a third party that we utilize in our business that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

companyName: Track Group, Inc.

ticker: TRCK


text: We depend on and engage various third parties, including suppliers, vendors, and service providers. Our risk management, legal, information technology, and compliance personnel identify and oversee risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of such entities. Any incident assessed as potentially being or potentially becoming material is immediately escalated for further assessment and then reported to the Board of Directors.


text: We comply with the AICPA Trust Services Criteria for Security and have based our Information Security Management System on the ISO 27001 standard.


text: Track Group's Chief Information Security Officer, Tim Hardy, has oversight responsibility for risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats, including compliance with disclosure requirements, cooperation with law enforcement, and related effects on financial and other risks, and report any findings and recommendations, as appropriate, to the full Board of Directors for consideration.


text: Senior management regularly discusses cyber risks and trends and, should they arise, any material incidents with the Board of Directors.


text: Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents. Further, a cyber incident impacting our systems or a third-party's systems could subject us to business, regulatory, litigation and reputational risk, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For more information on our cybersecurity related risks, see Item 1A Risk Factors of this Annual Report.


text: Like all companies that utilize technology, we are subject to threats of breaches of our technology systems. To mitigate the threat to our business, we take a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity risk management. Our IT department and our management actively oversee our risk management program, including the management of cybersecurity risks. We have contracted cybersecurity and risk assessment experts to help test our systems and guide the ongoing development of best practices policies. We have established policies, standards, processes and practices for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, including those discussed in our Risk Factors. We have devoted resources to implement and maintain security measures to meet regulatory requirements and shareholder expectations, and we intend to continue to make investments to maintain the security of our data and cybersecurity infrastructure. While there can be no guarantee that our policies and procedures will be properly followed in every instance or that those policies and procedures will be effective, we believe that our company's sustained investment in these efforts and technologies have put the Company in a position to protect against potential compromises, and we do not believe that risks from prior cybersecurity threats have materially affected our business to date. We can provide no assurance that there will not be incidents in the future or that past or future attacks will not materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Risk management and strategy.

companyName: cbdMD, Inc.

ticker: YCBD


text: Network and endpoint protection: Utilizing firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and advanced encryption protocols to safeguard sensitive data and systems. Multi-factor authentication, security and principle of least privileged (PoLP)


text: Employee training and awareness programs: Educating employees on cybersecurity best practices and conducting phishing simulations to promote vigilance against social engineering attacks.


text: Incident detection and response plans: Maintaining real-time monitoring and implementing a structured incident response plan that allows us to quickly detect, respond to, and recover from cyber incidents.