text: Although as a blank check company, we do not have any operations, we are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents. Among other things, the investments in our Trust Account and bank deposits may be vulnerable to such incidents, and we may depend on the digital technologies of third parties. We and third parties may be subject to cybersecurity attacks or security breaches. To the extent that we rely on the technologies of third parties, we depend upon the personnel and the processes of such third parties to protect against cybersecurity incidents, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. In the event of a cybersecurity incident impacting us, our Management Team will report to the Board of Directors and provide updates on the Management Team's incident response plan for addressing and mitigating any risks associated with such an incident.

companyName: Launch Two Acquisition Corp.

ticker: LPBB


text: As an early-stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We also lack sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have material adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our Initial Public Offering. In addition to our own cybersecurity risks, any proposed Business Combination target may have been subject to, or may in the future be subject to, cybersecurity incidents.

secItem: Item 1C


text: As a blank check company, we have no operations and therefore do not have any operations of our own that face cybersecurity threats. However, we do depend on the digital technologies of third parties, and as noted in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report, any sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, systems or infrastructure or the cloud that we utilize, including those of third parties, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. Our board of directors oversees risk for our Company, and prior to filings with the SEC, our board of directors reviews our risk factors, including the descriptions of the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, as described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report.

companyName: Vine Hill Capital Investment Corp.

ticker: VCIC


text: We have processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks, which are an integral part of decision-making at every level. Such processes include physical, procedural and technical safeguards, response plans, and routine review of our policies and procedures to identify risks and refine our practices.

companyName: Greenland Technologies Holding Corp.

ticker: GTEC


text: We have integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader enterprise risk management framework to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk awareness and management.


text: We do not believe that any risks from cybersecurity threats, nor any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected us. However, the sophistication of cyber threats continues to increase, and the preventative actions that we have taken and continues to take to reduce the risk of cyber incidents and protect its systems and information may not successfully protect against all cyber incidents. For more information on how cybersecurity risk may materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, please refer to Item 1A Risk Factors.


text: The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risk and periodically updates our Board of Directors on such matters. The Audit Committee regularly reviews and discusses with management the strategies, processes, procedures and controls pertaining to the management of our information technology operations, including cyber risks and cybersecurity. The Audit Committee regularly and management the strategies continuously analyzes cybersecurity and resiliency risks to our business, considers industry trends and implements controls, as appropriate, to mitigate these risks.


text: We are a SPAC with no business operations. Since our IPO, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates.

companyName: Rising Dragon Acquisition Corp.

ticker: RDAC


text: Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk and have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. Our Board is generally responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, if there is any. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our IPO.


text: We maintain a cyber-risk management program which is intended to assist in assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats to our data and information systems. This program is to ensure that cybersecurity considerations are included in decision-making processes throughout the Company.

companyName: Tenon Medical, Inc.

ticker: TNON


text: Our approach consists of, among other things, cybersecurity threat and vulnerability prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of potential cybersecurity risks. We employ cybersecurity intrusion detection systems and continuous monitoring, in order to help defend against unauthorized access. We also employ identity-based access controls and identity authentication requirements. Access to the Company's data is monitored and controlled according to access control policies. Data protection and privacy practices, including data loss prevention, help to safeguard sensitive information. We have also outsourced significant elements of our information technology infrastructure; as a result, we manage independent vendor relationships with third parties who are responsible for maintaining significant elements of our information technology systems and infrastructure.


text: Our Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of our cyber-risk management program and management's role is to assist the Board of Directors in identifying and considering material cybersecurity risks, ensure implementation of management and employee level cybersecurity practices and training and provide the Board of Directors with regular reports regarding any cybersecurity attacks or vulnerabilities.


text: any significant cybersecurity attacks and, to date, the risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For more information regarding the risks the Company faces from cybersecurity threats, see "Item 1A. Risk Factors––Risks Related to Our Business and Operations––We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks."


companyName: Inception Growth Acquisition Ltd

ticker: IGTA


text: Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk and have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. Our board of directors is generally responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, if there is any. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our IPO.


text: We face significant and persistent cybersecurity risks due to the need to protect both our business generally, including our proprietary information and proprietary information of others, our negotiations with both funding sources and potential sellers of intellectual property and the need to protect the confidentiality of information concerning our personnel and others with whom we conduct business. As a company that owns and seeks to enforce intellectual property rights, we face threats from bad actors who seek to disrupt the business of companies that seek to monetize intellectual property rights by commencing litigation as well as others who are engaging in malicious activities for profit, to make a political point or for no particular reason other than creating disruption. Disclosure of certain information as a result of a cybersecurity breach may result is a breach of privacy laws. The substantial level of harm that could occur to us were we to suffer impacts of a material cybersecurity incident requires us to maintain robust governance and oversight of these risks and to implement mechanisms, controls, technologies, and processes designed to help us assess, identify, and manage these risks.

companyName: QUEST PATENT RESEARCH CORP

ticker: QPRC


text: While we have not, as of the date of this annual report, experienced a cybersecurity threat or incident, we cannot assure you that we will not experience such an incident in the future.


text: Any cybersecurity incidents, whether or not successful, could result in our incurring additional costs related to, for example, rebuilding our internal systems, implementing additional threat protection measures, responding to regulatory inquiries or actions, paying damages or making payments to obtain access to our computer systems, or taking other remedial steps with respect to third parties, as well as incurring significant reputational harm. In addition, these threats are constantly evolving and the bad actors are becoming increasingly sophisticated, thereby increasing the difficulty of successfully defending against them or implementing adequate preventative measures.


text: We seek to detect and investigate unauthorized attempts and attacks against our network and to prevent their occurrence and recurrence where practicable through changes or updates to our internal processes and tools and changes or updates to our products and services;


text: however, we remain potentially vulnerable to known or unknown threats. In some instances, we and the law firms that represent us in litigation can be unaware of a threat or incident or its magnitude and effects. Further, there are increasing regulation requirements regarding responses to cybersecurity incidents, including reporting to regulators, which could subject us to additional liability and reputational harm.


text: We apply NIST 800-53, which is a standardized risk management framework for managing and securing our information system. The first step in system authorization is system categorization.


text: This step creates the baseline security controls, depending on the infrastructure and data type. Different data types require different levels of security. Examples of information types may be health care data, banking information or client data. In addition to data types, how and where data is stored is also a consideration when developing security controls. We have applied recommended security controls to match system categorization. For us, our data would be classified as company confidential. We do not store protected health information, personal identifiable information, which is information which permits the identity of an individual to whom the information applies to be reasonably inferred, or client financial information. For storage and processing of data, we use third party storage. We have reviewed the security of the third party systems as well as the security of law firms that we retain to enforce our intellectual property rights, and we believe that they comply with our standards. However, we cannot assure you that the steps we have taken will be sufficient.


text: Our chief technical officer, Timothy Scahill, is responsible for our cybersecurity protection. Mr. Scahill is an ISC2 Certified Information System Security Professional.


text: We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

companyName: Hall of Fame Resort & Entertainment Co

ticker: HOFV


text: We conduct periodic risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in our business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks.


text: Following these risk assessments, we re-design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize identified risks; reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards; and regularly monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards. Primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing our cybersecurity risks rests with our Director of IT to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process.


text: As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with IT and management. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of our cybersecurity policies through trainings.


text: We engage consultants, or other third parties in connection with our risk assessment processes. These service providers assist us to design and implement our cybersecurity policies and procedures, as well as to monitor and test our safeguards. We require each third-party service provider to certify that it has the ability to implement and maintain appropriate security measures, consistent with all applicable laws, to implement and maintain reasonable security measures in connection with their work with us, and to promptly report any suspected breach of its security measures that may affect our company.


text: We have not encountered cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats, Governance


text: One of the key functions of our board of directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our board of directors and audit committee are responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our board of directors has delegated administration of its cybersecurity risk oversight function to the audit committee.


text: Our Chief Executive Officer, Assistant General Counsel and Chief Accounting Officer are primarily responsible to assess and manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats with assistance from third-party service providers and outside counsel, as needed.


text: Our Chief Executive Officer, Assistant General Counsel and Chief Accounting Officer oversee our cybersecurity policies and processes, including those described in "Risk Management and Strategy" above. The cybersecurity risk management program includes tools and activities to prevent, detect, and analyze current and emerging cybersecurity threats, and plans and strategies to address threats and incidents.


text: Our Chief Executive Officer, Assistant General Counsel, and Chief Accounting Officer provide periodic briefings to the audit committee regarding our company's cybersecurity risks and activities, including any recent cybersecurity incidents and related responses, cybersecurity systems testing, activities of third parties, and the like. Our audit committee provides regular updates to the board of directors on such reports.


text: The Trust, through the Sponsor, has established procedures to manage significant cybersecurity risks. The Trust's operations depend on the systems of the Sponsor and other third-party providers. The Sponsor manages the Trust's day-to-day operations and has implemented a cybersecurity program that applies to the Trust and its operations.

companyName: 21Shares Ethereum ETF

ticker: TETH


text: The Sponsor has developed a cybersecurity program to manage cyber risks relevant to the Trust. This program includes risk assessments, security measures, and continuous monitoring of systems and networks. The Sponsor proactively identifies significant risks from new and evolving cybersecurity threats.


text: The Trust relies on the Sponsor to engage external experts, such as cybersecurity assessors, consultants, and compliance professionals, to review the cybersecurity measures and risk management processes. These third parties are engaged on an as-needed basis, with some hired on an ongoing basis as managed service providers.


text: The Trust relies on the Sponsor's risk management program, which includes cyber risk assessments. These processes have been integrated into the Sponsor's overall risk management system.


text: The Trust engages various third parties to support its operations. The Trust relies on the Sponsor's expertise in risk management, legal, information technology, and compliance when managing risks from cybersecurity threats associated with these entities. Prior to engaging a key service provider, the Sponsor conducts a due diligence process.


text: The Sponsor has adopted a cybersecurity strategy focused around a Zero Trust Network model throughout the entire operational environment, operating on the premise that no entity, system or service provider within the Sponsor's IT security perimeter can be inherently trusted. The Sponsor actively monitors its cybersecurity risks and has appointed an internal Cybersecurity Lead and partners with an outside service provider responsible for system monitoring and alerting.


text: In addition, the Sponsor enforces stringent security requirements for storage devices and applications, including encryption at rest, full user activity tracking, and secure sharing of client data. The Sponsor's email environment is further fortified with dual factor authentication and other security measures. The Sponsor requires both two-factor and at rest encryption on all systems. The Sponsor requires through its compliance and cybersecurity policy that all system breaches detected by an employee are immediately escalated to the Chief Compliance Officer and Head of Legal.


text: The Sponsor also has several archival systems in place to monitor compliance. The Sponsor relies on a trusted firewall to manage and safeguard the Sponsor's network. Furthermore, the Sponsor conducts regular reviews on third parties to ensure they have policies in place that are designed to prevent information security lapses or breaches.


text: The Sponsor does not have a board of directors, but rather, the board of directors (the "Board") of 21co Holdings Limited (formerly known as Amun Holdings Limited) ("Parent Company") provides strategic oversight on cybersecurity matters, including risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Board relies upon the Parent Company's Risk Committee for cybersecurity risk governance. The Parent Company's Risk Committee receives periodic updates regarding the overall state of the Sponsor's cybersecurity program, information on the current threat landscape, and risks from cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents impacting the Trust.


text: The Sponsor's management, including the Sponsor's CCO, is responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Sponsor's CCO approves all changes to the cybersecurity policy. The Sponsor relies on its full-service compliance partner to stay updated on all SEC rules and regulations and to recommend changes in the compliance policies when necessary. Management of the Sponsor is informed about and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents impacting the Trust, including through the receipt of notifications from service providers and reliance on communications with risk management, legal, information technology, and/or compliance personnel of the Sponsor. The Head of Legal and CCO would receive notifications of a cybersecurity incident that impacts a service provider of the Trust.


text: The Trust has an Incident Response Plan and Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan, which it relies on the Sponsor's plans. The CCO of the Sponsor is responsible for determining whether a cybersecurity incident is material to the Trust. Pursuant to the Sponsor's policies and procedures, an internal team at the Sponsor is tasked with investigating all reported and suspected security breaches. The Sponsor is required to provide the required notifications without unreasonable delay after the discovery of a breach.


text: The potential impact of risks from cybersecurity threats on the Trust is assessed on an ongoing basis, and how such risks could materially affect the Trust's business strategy, operational results, and financial condition are regularly evaluated. During the reporting period, the Trust has not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous cybersecurity incidents, that the Trust believes have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust, including its business strategy, operational results, and financial condition.


text: Therefore, we have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk, which may make us susceptible to heightened cybersecurity risk. Our board of directors is generally responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, if there is any. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our initial public offering.

companyName: Cohen Circle Acquisition Corp. I


text: Although as a blank check company, we do not have any operations, we are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents. Among other things, the investments in our Trust Account and bank deposits may be vulnerable to such incidents, and we may depend on the digital technologies of third parties. We and third parties may be subject to cybersecurity attacks or security breaches. To the extent that we rely on the technologies of third parties, we depend upon the personnel and the processes of such third parties to protect against cybersecurity incidents, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. In the event of a cybersecurity incident impacting us, our Management Team will report to the Board of Directors and provide updates on the Management Team's incident response plan for addressing and mitigating any risks associated with such an incident. As an early stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We also lack sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have material adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our Initial Public Offering. In addition to our own cybersecurity risks, any proposed Business Combination target may have been subject to, or may in the future be subject to, cybersecurity incidents.

companyName: Launch One Acquisition Corp.

ticker: LPAA


text: Our board of directors recognizes the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, clients, business partners and employees. The Audit Committee along with our board of directors is actively involved in oversight of our risk management program, and cybersecurity represents an important component of our overall approach to risk management. Our cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices are fully integrated into our risk management program and are based on recognized frameworks established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the International Organization for Standardization and other applicable industry standards.

companyName: Marpai, Inc.

ticker: MRAI


text: In general, we seek to address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach that is focused on preserving the confidentiality, security and availability of the information that we collect and store by identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur.


text: Management and Strategy part of the critical elements of our overall risk management approach, our cybersecurity program is focused on the following key areas:


text: As discussed in more detail under the heading "Governance," The board of directors oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the Audit Committee of the board of directors (the "Audit Committee"), which interacts with our Enterprise Risk Management function, our Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), other members of management and relevant management committees and councils, including management's Cybersecurity Council.


text: Collaborative Approach: We have implemented a comprehensive, cross-functional approach to identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents, and controls and procedures that provide for the prompt escalation of certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding the public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management in a timely manner.


text: We deploy technical safeguards that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence.


text: We have established and maintain comprehensive incident response and recovery plans that fully address our response to a cybersecurity incident, and such plans are tested and evaluated on a regular basis.


text: We maintain a comprehensive, risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, including vendors, service providers and other external users of our systems, as well as the systems of third parties that could adversely impact our business in the event of a cybersecurity incident affecting those third-party systems.


text: We provide regular, mandatory training for personnel regarding cybersecurity threats as a means to equip our personnel with effective tools to address cybersecurity threats, and to communicate our evolving information security policies, standards, processes and practices.


text: We engage in the periodic assessment and testing of our policies, standards, processes and practices that are designed to address cybersecurity threats and incidents. These efforts include a wide range of activities, including audits, assessments, tabletop exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing, and other exercises focused on evaluating the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures and planning. We regularly engage third parties to perform assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits and independent reviews of our information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits and reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the board of directors, and we adjust our cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by these assessments, audits and reviews.


text: The board of directors, in coordination with the Audit Committee, oversees our risk management process, including the management of risks arising from cybersecurity threats. The board of directors and the Audit Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on cybersecurity risks, which address a wide range of topics including recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends and information security considerations arising with respect to our peers and third parties. The board of directors and the Audit Committee also receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets established reporting thresholds, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such incident until it has been addressed. On an annual basis, the board of directors and the Audit Committee discuss our approach to cybersecurity risk management with our CISO.


text: The CISO works collaboratively across the Company to implement a program designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly respond to any cybersecurity incidents in accordance with our incident response and recovery plans. To facilitate the success of our cybersecurity risk management program, multidisciplinary teams throughout the Company are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents. Through ongoing communications with these teams, the CISO monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents in real time and report such threats and incidents to the Audit Committee when appropriate.


text: Cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.


text: We are a special purpose acquisition company with no business operations. Since our IPO, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates. Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk.

companyName: PANTAGES CAPITAL ACQUISITION Corp

ticker: PGAC


text: We have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. Our management is generally responsible for assessing and managing any cybersecurity threats. If and when any reportable cybersecurity incident arises, our management shall promptly report such matters to our board of directors for further actions, including regarding the appropriate disclosure, mitigation, or other response or actions that the board deems appropriate to take. of the date of this report, we have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our IPO.


text: Management and Strategy recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data. We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats. We assess risks from cybersecurity threats against our information systems that may result in adverse effects on our information systems or any information residing therein. We conduct periodic and ad-hoc assessments to identify cybersecurity threats.

companyName: DeFi Development Corp.

ticker: DFDV


text: Following these risk assessments, we evaluate whether and how to re-design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to mitigate identified risks and reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards. IT leadership reports to our CEO and CFO to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process. We monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with human resources, IT, and management. We promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management. This ensures that the senior management are kept abreast of the cybersecurity posture and potential risks faced by the Company. We have not encountered cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing during the financial year ended December 31, 2024.


text: Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure. Our board of directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the audit committee. Our executive management will update the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risks on a periodic basis, with a minimum frequency of once per year


text: We have established procedures for evaluating, recognizing, and managing significant risks stemming from potential unauthorized events occurring on or through our electronic information systems. These procedures comprise an important part of our overall enterprise risk management system and are aimed at preventing, detecting, or mitigating data breaches, theft, misuse, unauthorized access, or any other security incidents or vulnerabilities affecting digitally stored data. Internally we have an Internet, Email and Computer Use Policy and all of our employees have been trained on the policy and related tools. Additionally, we employ processes to manage and identify risks arising from cybersecurity threats linked to supplier and customer relationships and our utilization of third-party technology and systems.

companyName: Next Technology Holding Inc.

ticker: NXTT


text: We adhere to a risk management framework based on applicable laws and regulations to handle cybersecurity risks across our products, services, infrastructure and corporate assets. We regularly conduct risk assessments to gauge the effectiveness of our systems, identifying areas for improvement. These processes enable us to make informed, risk-based decisions and prioritize cybersecurity measures and risk mitigation strategies. Our risk mitigation efforts encompass a range of technical and operational actions. Our cybersecurity risks and related responses are evaluated by senior leadership, including as part of our enterprise risk assessments that are reviewed by our Board of Directors. Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents. However, we cannot guarantee that our efforts will prevent any cybersecurity incident from occurring.


text: As of the date of this report, we have not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents that we believe have, or are likely to, materially affect us, our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.


text: The Company utilizes office space and IT infrastructure that are managed by staff who are employees of an affiliated member of our Sponsor. This affiliated member of our Sponsor has developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of critical systems and information.

companyName: PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp.

ticker: PMVC


text: Accordingly, the Company relies on the cybersecurity risk management program of the affiliated member of our Sponsor and has determined that the program is aligned with the Company's business strategy. It shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply to other areas of enterprise risk, including legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk. Key elements of the cybersecurity risk management program risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise information technology environment;


text: a security team principally responsible for managing our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, our security controls, and our response to cybersecurity incidents;


text: the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;


text: training and risk awareness programs for team members that include periodic and ongoing assessments to drive adoption and awareness of cybersecurity processes and controls;


text: a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors.


text: In the last three years, the Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents, and expenses incurred from cybersecurity incidents were immaterial.


text: The operations of the Company are dependent on technology information and communications systems. A failure of any such system, or a security breach or cyberattack related thereto, could significantly disrupt the Company's operations. The service providers of the Company are also subject to cybersecurity threats.


text: If the Company and/or any service provider of the Company fails to adopt, implement or adhere to adequate cybersecurity measures, or in the event of a breach of any network, information relating to the Company or the Company's operations, as well as personal information relating to the Company's potential partners, may be lost, damaged or corrupted, or improperly accessed, used or disclosed.


text: Any system failure, security breach or cyberattack on the Company and/or any service provider of the Company could cause the Company to suffer financial loss, disruption to its business, increased operating costs, liability to third parties, regulatory intervention and reputational damage, among other things, any one or all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.


text: Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing cybersecurity threats, among other things. The Chief Technology Officer of the affiliated member of our Sponsor is available to provide our senior management and our Board of Directors reports on our cybersecurity risks and any material cybersecurity incidents.


text: The cybersecurity risk management team of the affiliated member of our Sponsor, in conjunction with its various information technology, internal audit, legal and compliance personnel, has primary responsibility for the overall cybersecurity risk management program.


text: The Chief Technology Officer of the affiliated member of our Sponsor, who has over 20 years of experience in the cybersecurity space and advanced training in the field of cybersecurity and technology, manages a team of cybersecurity professionals that has primary responsibility for any internal cybersecurity personnel and retained external cybersecurity consultants.


text: The information technology team also monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings with internal personnel, threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants, and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment


text: We acknowledge the increasing importance of cybersecurity in today's digital and interconnected world. Cybersecurity threats pose significant risks to the integrity of our systems and data, potentially impacting our business operations, financial condition and reputation.

companyName: 60 DEGREES PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

ticker: SXTP


text: As a smaller reporting company, we currently do not have formalized cybersecurity measures, a dedicated cybersecurity team or specific protocols in place to manage cybersecurity risks. Our approach to cybersecurity is in the developmental stage, and we have not yet conducted comprehensive risk assessments, established an incident response plan or engaged with external cybersecurity consultants for assessments or services.


text: Given our current stage of cybersecurity development, we have not experienced any significant cybersecurity incidents to date. However, we recognize that the absence of a formalized cybersecurity framework may leave us vulnerable to cyberattacks, data breaches and other cybersecurity incidents. Such events could potentially lead to unauthorized access to, or disclosure of, sensitive information, disrupt our business operations, result in regulatory fines or litigation costs and negatively impact our reputation among customers and partners. In addition, cybersecurity incidents could have material adverse effects on our business strategy, financial condition, and results of operations (e.g., a significant breach could result in direct financial losses due to fraud, system downtime impacting revenue generation, increased compliance costs or contractual liabilities with third-party vendors and customers).


text: We are in the process of evaluating our cybersecurity needs and developing appropriate measures to enhance our cybersecurity posture. This includes considering the engagement of external cybersecurity experts to advise on best practices, conducting vulnerability assessments and developing an incident response strategy.


text: Our goal is to establish a cybersecurity framework that is commensurate with our size, complexity and the nature of our operations, thereby reducing our exposure to cybersecurity risks.


text: In addition, the Board will oversee any cybersecurity risk management framework and a dedicated committee of the Board or an officer appointed by the Board will review and approve any cybersecurity policies, strategies and risk management practices. The Board (or designated committee or officer) will receive periodic updates on cybersecurity risks, including emerging threats, mitigation efforts and incident response activities. The updates will be provided at least annually, or more frequently as needed, to ensure cybersecurity risks are appropriately managed and integrated into our broader risk oversight strategy.


text: Despite our efforts to improve our cybersecurity measures, there can be no assurance that our initiatives will fully mitigate the risks posed by cyber threats. The landscape of cybersecurity risks is constantly evolving, and we will continue to assess and update our cybersecurity measures in response to emerging threats.


text: For a discussion of potential cybersecurity risks affecting us, please refer to the "Risk Factors" section of our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2025 titled " Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations."


text: We have processes for assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks, which are built into our information technology function and are designed to help protect our Company from cyber threats as well as secure our networks and systems. Such processes include safeguards, response plan, and review of our policies and procedures to identify risks. We engage an external party to enhance our cybersecurity oversight.

companyName: Inmune Bio, Inc.

ticker: INMB


text: Our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, or the Audit Committee, is responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risk and periodically updates our Board of Directors on such matters. The Audit Committee receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters, and is notified between such updates regarding any significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents. We do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.


text: Our Chief Financial Officer is responsible for the operational oversight of company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, and standards across relevant departments to assess and help prepare us to address cybersecurity risks.


text: As a blank check company, we have no operations and therefore do not have any operations of our own that face cybersecurity threats. However, we do depend on the digital technologies of third parties, and as noted in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report, any sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, systems or infrastructure or the cloud that we utilize, including those of third parties, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. Our board of directors oversees risk for our Company, and prior to filings with the SEC, our board of directors reviews our risk factors, including the descriptions of the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, as described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Annual Report.

companyName: FACT II Acquisition Corp.

ticker: FACT


text: As a blank check company, we have no operations and depend on the digital technologies of third-party service providers, and as noted in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Form 10-K, any actual or perceived cyber incident or attack, such as computer malware, ransomware, viruses, vulnerabilities, social engineering (including phishing attacks), denial of service or other attacks, or security breaches, affecting us or the systems, infrastructure, cloud applications, or services of our third-party service providers, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against, identify and manage cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. Our board of directors oversees our risks from cybersecurity threats. As of the date of this report on Form 10-K, we have not experienced any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or that we believe are reasonably likely to materially affect, us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. We do, however, face risks from cybersecurity threats. For additional information regarding the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, please see Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Form 10-K, including the risk factors under the following heading: " Cyber incidents or attacks could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss."

companyName: SK Growth Opportunities Corp


text: We face various cyber risks, including, but not limited to, risks related to the storage of members' information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation and potential liability. We utilize a multilayered, proactive approach to identify, evaluate, mitigate and prevent potential cyber and information security. Additionally, we devote significant resources to protecting the security of our computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets. Our efforts are designed to adapt with the evolution of information security risks and appropriate best practices and include physical, administrative and technical safeguards. The risk assessment is discussed with the CEO on at least an annual basis. Our practices are generally developed from, and benchmarked against, recognized cybersecurity frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework.

companyName: Pony Group Inc.

ticker: PNYG


text: The Company maintains cyber risk management designed to preserve the security of our data and technology infrastructure. On an annual basis we conduct assessments to identify cyber risks and have developed plans on how to address any such risks for remediation of vulnerabilities.

companyName: Linkhome Holdings Inc.

ticker: LHAI


text: We design and implement risk management strategies for identification and management of material risks rising from cybersecurity threats and alerts. Our method involves a systematic evaluation of all potential threats reported and discovered, vulnerabilities, and their possible impacts on the Company's operations, data, and systems health. Our cybersecurity risk management strategy includes: Identify the risk to our environment; IT to identify and resolve the threat; cybersecurity training to our staff; and cybersecurity incident response plan.


text: Our management is responsible for the oversight and administration of cyber security protocols. Our management team relies on our third-party providers on administrating cybersecurity assessments to identify, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. Management updates the Board as necessary, regarding any significant cybersecurity occurrences.


text: To respond to the threat of security breaches and cyberattacks, we have developed a cybersecurity risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats to all information and systems owned by us. We maintain certain risk management processes intended to identify cybersecurity threats, determine their likelihood of occurring, and assess potential material impacts to our business. Based on our assessment, we implement and maintain risk management processes designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information systems and the information residing therein.

companyName: RELMADA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

ticker: RLMD


text: Cybersecurity is reviewed as part of our overall enterprise risk management program, led by our Chief Compliance Officer (CCO), which assesses our significant enterprise risks, provides a summary of those risks and primary mitigations, identifies control improvement projects for our significant risks, and regularly reports on the progress of control improvement projects for those risks to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Cybersecurity risks are reviewed by the Board of Directors, at least annually, as part of the Company's corporate risk mapping exercise.


text: The Company's processes are designed to identify such threats by, among other things, monitoring the threat environment using manual and automated tools, subscribing to services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of threats, conducting scans of the threat environment, evaluating threats reported to us and conducting vulnerability assessments to identify vulnerabilities.


text: We rely on a multidisciplinary team (including from management and third-party service providers) to assess how identified cybersecurity threats could impact our business. These assessments may leverage, among other processes, industry tools and metrics designed to assist in the assessment of risks from such cybersecurity threats. Management also conducts periodic and on-demand assessments of our cybersecurity risks.


text: Our CCO, is responsible for developing and implementing the cybersecurity risk management program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Board. Additionally, members of the third-party service providers have cybersecurity experience and/or certifications. We view cybersecurity as a shared responsibility across our management team and periodically perform simulations and incorporate external resources and advisors as needed. All employees are required to complete cybersecurity training at least annually and have access to more frequent cybersecurity training through online events.


text: The CCO is responsible for continuously monitoring and assessing the Company's cybersecurity risk management program, informing senior management regarding the prevention, detection and mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents and supervising such efforts.


text: To operate our business, we utilize certain third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions, such as outsourced business critical functions, clinical research, professional services, SaaS platforms, cloud-based infrastructure, encryption and other functions. We have certain vendor management processes designed to help to manage cybersecurity risks associated with our use of these providers. Depending on the nature of the services provided, and the sensitivity and quantity of information processed, our vendor management process may include reviewing the cybersecurity practices of such provider, contractually imposing obligations on the provider related to the services they provide and/or the information they process, conducting security assessments, conducting on-site inspections, requiring their completion of written questionnaires regarding their services and data handling practices, and conducting periodic re-assessments during their engagement.


text: We have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents in the past, and we believe no cybersecurity events have occurred that have materially affected the Company or its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. We continue to invest in the cybersecurity of our infrastructure and the enhancement of our internal controls and processes, which are designed to help protect our systems and data, and the information they contain. We carry insurance in amounts that we believe are reasonable for our business that provides protection against potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident. However, there is no assurance that our insurance coverage will cover or be sufficient to cover all losses or claims that may arise from a cybersecurity incident.


text: We have implemented and maintain various information security processes designed to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical systems and information. Such processes are integrated into our overall risk management processes. For example, cybersecurity risk is addressed as a component of our enterprise risk management program and has historically been included as part of compliance reports provided to our audit committee.

companyName: TherapeuticsMD, Inc.

ticker: TXMD


text: Our officers, contractors and third-party IT vendors help assess, identify and manage our cybersecurity threats and risks by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment and risk profile using various methods including, for example: through the use of automated tools; conducting audits and threat assessments for internal and external threats; analyzing reports of threats and actors; evaluating our and our industry's risk profile; and evaluating threats reported to us.


text: We implement and maintain various technical, physical, and organizational measures, processes, standards and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical systems and information, including, for example: multi-factor authentication, encryption, anti-malware functionality, access controls and systems monitoring.


text: We use third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions throughout our business, including but not limited to application providers and hosting companies. All of our critical information is hosted by a third-party service provider. Further, we also rely upon such third-party service providers to both assist us in identifying cybersecurity threats, as well as to review and notify us of any data breach on their systems.


text: For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect us and how they may do so, see our risk factors under Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors in this 2024 10-K Report, including the risk factor captioned "We may not be able to maintain effective and efficient information systems or properly safeguard our information systems." While to date we have not identified any breaches from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, the sophistication of cybersecurity threats continues to increase, and the preventative actions we take to reduce the risk of cybersecurity incidents and protect our systems and information may be insufficient. Accordingly, no matter how well our program is designed or implemented, we will not be able to anticipate all security breaches, and we may not be able to implement effective preventive measures against such security breaches in a timely manner.


text: We also carry cybersecurity insurance to protect the Company in the event of a cybersecurity breach and to provide resources if a cybersecurity breach occurs.


text: Our board of directors considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function. The audit committee of our board of directors bears primary responsibility for the board's oversight of our cybersecurity risk. Periodically management updates our audit committee about various risks facing the Company, of which cybersecurity may be included.


text: Our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes are implemented and maintained by management and IT consultants. The IT consultants have relevant expertise, experience, education and training as well as knowledge of our company's critical systems and information technology policies.


text: Our cybersecurity incident response processes are designed to escalate certain cybersecurity incidents to our chief executive officer, who would be responsible, along with third parties including our IT consultants, for assessing the materiality of, and mitigating and remediating, any cybersecurity incidents of which we are notified. In addition, our incident response processes include a procedure for reporting certain cybersecurity incidents to the board of directors.


text: Board recognizes the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our business partners, employees and clinical trial participants. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our policies with respect to cybersecurity risks and relevant contingent liabilities and risks that may be material to the Company, including risks from third parties and business partners.

companyName: ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

ticker: ORMP


text: We generally seek to address cybersecurity risks by implementing security measures on our internal computer systems and ensuring that third parties and business partners implement similar measures. These security measures include firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated by our external IT consultant and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence.


text: Chief Operating and Business Officer is responsible for implementing protection measures for our information systems from cybersecurity threats and promptly responding to any cybersecurity incidents.


text: To date, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected us and we do not currently believe any risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. For further information, see "Item 1A. Risk Factors," under "Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security."


text: As a blank check company, we have no operations and therefore do not have any operations of our own that face material cybersecurity threats. However, we do depend on the digital technologies of third parties, including information systems, infrastructure and cloud applications and services, any sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, systems or infrastructure or the cloud that we utilize, including those of third parties, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. We have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. In the event of a cybersecurity incident impacting us, the management team will report to the board of directors and provide updates on the management team's incident response plan for addressing and mitigating any risks associated with such an incident. As an early-stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We also lack sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have material adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss.

companyName: ASPAC II Acquisition Corp.

ticker: ASCBF


text: The Company recognizes the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data we produce and collect. We maintain a comprehensive process for identifying, assessing, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats as part of our broader risk management system and processes. We obtain input, as appropriate, for our cybersecurity risk management program on the security industry and threat trends from external experts.

companyName: SpringBig Holdings, Inc.

ticker: SBIG


text: Our executive leadership team is responsible for our overall enterprise risk management system and processes and regularly consider cybersecurity risks in the context of other material risks to the company.


text: We consult with outside counsel as appropriate, including on materiality analysis and disclosure matters, and our senior management makes the final materiality determinations and disclosure and other compliance decisions. Our management apprises our independent public accounting firm of matters and any relevant developments.


text: The Audit Committee has oversight responsibility for risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats, including compliance with disclosure requirements, cooperation with law enforcement, and related effects on financial and other risks, and it reports any findings and recommendations, as appropriate, to the full Board for consideration. Senior management regularly discusses cyber risks and trends and, should they arise, any material incidents with the Audit Committee.


text: Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents. For more information on our cybersecurity related risks, see Item 1A Risk Factors of this


text: We are a blank check company with no business operations. Since the IPO, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates.

companyName: Chenghe Acquisition II Co.


text: Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk and have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. We depend on the digital technologies of third parties, and any sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, systems or infrastructure or the cloud that we utilize, including those of third parties, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or reputation. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. As an early-stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We also lack sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have material adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss.


text: Our board of directors is generally responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, if there is any. Our management will promptly report to the board of directors on incidents of material cybersecurity risks facing us and any third parties and the measures that may be taken to mitigate such risks.


text: As of the date of this annual report, we have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected, or that we believe are reasonably likely to materially affect, us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. We do, however, face risks from cybersecurity threats. For additional information regarding the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, please see Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Form 10-K, including the risk factors under the following heading: "Cyber incidents or attacks could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss."


text: We have processes in place to assess, identify, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our business is dependent on the communications and information systems of the Adviser and other third-party service providers. The Adviser manages our day-to-day operations and has implemented a cybersecurity program that applies to us and our operations.

companyName: Muzinich BDC, Inc.


text: Cybersecurity Program Overview The Adviser has instituted a cybersecurity program designed to identify, assess, and mitigate cyber risks applicable to us. This cyber risk management program involves risk assessments, the implementation of security measures, and ongoing monitoring of systems and networks, including networks on which we rely. The Adviser actively monitors the current cyber threat landscape in an effort to identify material risks arising from new and evolving cybersecurity threats, including material risks that we face.


text: We rely on the Adviser to engage external experts, including cybersecurity assessors, consultants, and auditors, to evaluate its cybersecurity measures and risk management processes, including those applicable to us. We rely on the Adviser's risk management program and processes, which include cyber risk assessments.


text: We depend on and engage various third parties, including suppliers, vendors, and service providers, to operate our business. We rely on the expertise of risk management, legal, information technology, and compliance personnel of the Adviser when identifying and overseeing risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of such entities.


text: Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks Our Board provides oversight on cybersecurity matters, including risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Board receives periodic updates from our Chief Compliance Officer regarding the overall state of the cybersecurity programs of our Adviser, custodian, transfer agent and Administrator, information on the current threat landscape, and risks from cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents impacting us.


text: Our management, including our Chief Compliance Officer, is responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Members of our management possess relevant expertise in various disciplines that are key to effectively managing such risks, such as our Chief Financial Officer, who serves as the Chief Information Security Officer of Muzinich & Co. Our management is informed about and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents impacting us, including through the receipt of notifications from service providers and reliance on communications with risk management, legal, information technology, and/or compliance personnel of the Adviser.


text: Assessment of Cybersecurity Risk The potential impact of risks from cybersecurity threats that we face are assessed on an ongoing basis, and the way such risks could materially affect our business strategy, operational results, and financial condition is regularly evaluated. During the reporting period, we have not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous cybersecurity incidents, that we believe have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, us, including our business strategy, operational results, and financial condition.


companyName: Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc.


text: Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks The Board provides oversight on cybersecurity matters, including risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Board receives periodic updates from our Chief Compliance Officer regarding the overall state of the cybersecurity programs of our Adviser, custodian, transfer agent and Administrator, information on the current threat landscape, and risks from cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents impacting us.


text: We believe cybersecurity risk management is an important part of its overall risk management efforts. The Company has a policy of transparency regarding our data collection, use, retention and sharing practices, and it is our commitment to implement appropriate technical security measures to protect all Company stakeholders and manage third party risk.

companyName: PMGC Holdings Inc.

ticker: ELAB


text: Our operations may, in some cases, involve the storage, transmission and other processing of customer and research data or sales information. Cyberattacks and other malicious internet-based activity continue to increase, and cloud-based platform providers of services are expected to continue to be targeted. Threats include traditional computer "hackers," malicious code (such as viruses and worms), phishing attacks, employee theft or misuse and denial-of-service attacks, and use of artificial intelligence. We have not experienced cyberattacks in the past, and there can be no guarantee that in the future such cyberattacks will not be material. We maintain an information security program that is comprised of policies and controls designed to mitigate cybersecurity risk. However, at any given time, we face known and unknown cybersecurity risks and threats that are not fully mitigated, and we continuously work to enhance our information security program and risk management efforts. In addition, cybersecurity incidents could have material adverse effects on our business strategy, financial condition, and results of operations (e.g., a significant breach could result in direct financial losses due to fraud, system downtime impacting revenue generation, increased compliance costs or contractual liabilities with third-party vendors and customers).


text: Depending on the environment and system, we implement and maintain various technical, physical, and organizational measures, processes, standards and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats, including, for example, periodic cybersecurity testing and cybersecurity awareness training for employees.


text: Company is actively engaged in identifying and managing cybersecurity risks. Protecting company data, non-public customer and employee data, and the systems that collect, process, and maintain this information is deemed critical.


text: We use third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions throughout our business, including manufacturing our product candidates and assisting with R&D activities. Depending on the nature of the services provided, the sensitivity of the systems and data at issue, and the identity of the provider, our vendor contracting processes may include imposing certain contractual provisions related to privacy and cybersecurity.


text: In addition, the Board will oversee any cybersecurity risk management framework and a dedicated committee of the Board or an officer appointed by the Board will review and approve any cybersecurity policies, strategies and risk management practices. The Board (or designated committee or officer) will receive periodic updates on cybersecurity risks, including emerging threats, mitigation efforts and incident response activities. The updates will be provided at least annually, or more frequently as needed, to ensure cybersecurity risks are appropriately managed and integrated into our broader risk oversight strategy.


text: 2018, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the " SEC ") published interpretive guidance to assist public companies in preparing disclosures about cybersecurity risks and incidents. These SEC guidelines, and any other regulatory guidance, are in addition to notification and disclosure requirements under state and federal laws and regulations. If we fail to observe this regulatory guidance or standards, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.


text: State regulators have been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and providing detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. Many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification, information security and data privacy requirements. We expect this trend of state-level activity in those areas to continue and are continually monitoring developments where our customers are located.


text: Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks, including litigation and enforcement risks, are expected to be elevated for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking, and other technology-based products and services by us.


text: Board, in coordination with the Audit Committee, oversees the Company's processes for assessing and managing risk. The Board and Audit Committee may review the measures implemented by the Company to identify and mitigate data protection and cybersecurity risks.


text: The Company's Audit Committee is also responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risk and are informed in a timely manner of any incidents considered potentially serious, together with details on the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of such incidents.


text: from Cybersecurity Threats of the date of this report, we are not aware of any material risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will not experience any such event in the future.


text: For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect the Company and how they may do so, see our risk factors under Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report, including the risk entitled "Our computer systems or data, or those of our collaborators or other contractors or consultants, maybe compromised, which could result in adverse consequences, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; significant disruption of our product development programs and our ability to operate our business effectively; reputational harm; and other adverse consequences."


text: This program is integrated within the Company's enterprise risk management system and disclosure committee. The program addresses the corporate information technology environment, third-party service providers and customer-facing products and applications.

companyName: Perception Capital Corp. IV


text: Company's Chief Financial Officer is responsible for developing and implementing our information security program and reporting on cybersecurity matters to the Board and the audit committee. Our Chief Financial Officer works with our broader IT security team, including our specialty IT advisor. Our specialty IT advisor has over 25 years of experience leading technology oversight, and others on its IT security team have cybersecurity experience or certifications.


text: Our cybersecurity incident response process involves a multi-functional approach for investigating, containing, and mitigating incidents, including reporting findings to senior management and other key stakeholders, including if appropriate the audit committee and the board, and keeping them informed and involved as appropriate. While we have not, as of the date of this Form 10-K, experienced a cybersecurity threat or incident that has had a material impact on our business or operations, we have experienced incidents that did not have a material impact on our business or operations, and there can be no guarantee that we will not experience an incident that results in a material impact to our business or operations in the future. In addition, cybersecurity threats are constantly evolving and increasing in sophistication, which increases the difficulty of successfully defending against them or implementing adequate preventative measures.


text: Our board of directors has ultimate responsibility for oversight of our risk management, and delegates cybersecurity risk management oversight to the audit committee. The audit committee, which is responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify, evaluate and manage cybersecurity risks and incidents, regularly reviews our cybersecurity program with management and reports to the board of directors. Cybersecurity reviews by the audit committee generally occur at least quarterly. A number of our directors have experience in assessing and managing cybersecurity risk, including by serving on other public company audit committees having responsibility for cybersecurity oversight.


text: Our cybersecurity program is run by our Chief Financial Officer, who reports to our Board, with support from our specialty IT advisor. Our specialty IT advisor has extensive experience leading and managing cybersecurity programs and in cybersecurity risk management. Our specialty advisor has served in this position since 2023 and is supported by its information security team, many of whom hold cybersecurity certifications and who collectively possess relevant experience in different areas of cybersecurity.


text: Chief Financial Officer is informed about and monitors prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation efforts through regular communication and reporting from our information security team, internal governance processes, and by reviewing the results of internal and third-party assessments and audits. Our Chief Financial Officer regularly reports directly to the audit committee on our cybersecurity program and our efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks.


text: Information technology systems, including our website, email system, and various other online processes and functions, are critical to our business and operations. The Company faces risks associated with cybersecurity, including operational interruptions, financial losses, personal information leakage and non-compliance risks.

companyName: Smart Powerr Corp.

ticker: CREG


text: We employed email correspondence anti-leakage software and firewall system to our website. In 2023, we did not identify any cybersecurity events that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced undetected cybersecurity incidents.


text: We will leverage internal and external resources to support our cyber risk management efforts, such as vulnerability assessments, and employee cybersecurity awareness training. We will engage the services of external information security service providers to help support our information technology environment, assist with security monitoring, and help us draft and implement information security policies when necessary and/or appropriate. Further, we will utilize third parties to help us monitor issues that are internally discovered or externally reported that may materially affect our website and email systems, and we have processes to assess the potential cybersecurity impact or risk of these issues.


text: Management believes the Company has adequate processes and systems to maintain the confidentiality of its communications and records. However, given our current business plan and lack of significant operations and employees, management does not believe that cybersecurity threats constitute a material risk for the Company. The Company currently does not have formal processes for assessing, identifying and managing risks from cybersecurity threats to the Company directly or through third-party service providers. We do not engage assessors, consultants, auditors or other third parties in connection with cybersecurity. The Company has not experienced any cybersecurity incidents to date.

companyName: DEEP FISSION, INC.


text: The board of directors oversees risks from cybersecurity threats as part of its risk oversight function. However, there are no specific processes or committees by which the board of directors may be informed about such risks.


text: Management is responsible for assessing and managing the any material risks to the Company from cybersecurity threats. However, management has no specific expertise in such matters, and there are no specific processes by which management is informed about or monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. If any such risks were identified, management would report such risks to the board of directors.


text: If and when the Company completes a merger or other acquisition, the board of directors and management will assess the risks of cybersecurity threats to its business adopt processes for assessing, identifying and managing risks from cybersecurity threats as warranted.


companyName: Deep Isolation Nuclear, Inc.


text: As a company in general, and particularly, as a government contractor, we understand the critical need to maintain all data and information systems in the safest, most secure manner. Accordingly, our approach to cybersecurity is multi-tiered and comprehensive. Our board of directors ultimately oversees our processes for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our management, together with third party contractors, makes these assessments and periodically provides the board with a report and evaluation, including risk mitigation strategies. This report would also include any cybersecurity-related incidents which would give rise to a reporting requirement for the company. Although we consider our program for mitigating cybersecurity risks to be part of an overall risk mitigation strategy, we consider it a separate set of processes because of the unique concerns with keeping our and our customers' data secure.

companyName: APPLIED ENERGETICS, INC.

ticker: AERG


text: Chief Executive Officer works with our information technology consultants (IT) to assess any reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks to our information systems, including the likelihood of malware, ransomware, cyber espionage, and any other cybersecurity threats.


text: Through these risk assessments, management seeks to determine the likelihood of, and potential damage that could result from, such risks, and the sufficiency of existing systems and safeguards in place to manage them. Our IT continually monitors our systems for any attempted unauthorized entries or breaches and reports this information to management on a regular basis. Information gathered from these processes enable our IT to make any necessary adjustments to our systems and address any identified gaps in existing safeguards.


text: IT also provides guidance and support with respect to protecting our information systems from these various threats. This includes advising both management and other personnel on the best practices for keeping these systems safe and a training program that includes random testing for weaknesses.


text: Certain customer contracts require that we maintain a heightened level of information security and set out specific protocols to which we must adhere to safeguard covered data and other information. Our CEO, who has expertise in government contracting and related data and information controls, assesses these requirements on behalf of the company in consultation with our IT to determine the necessary network architecture and infrastructure for all of these requirements and ensures that proper protocols are implemented and that our personnel adhere to them. This includes special, additional training for personnel on handling of various levels of customer information.


text: We have not encountered cybersecurity threats or incidents that have materially affected our business strategy, financial condition, or operations. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats, please refer to Item 1A, "Risk Factors,"


text: As a blank check company, we have no operations and therefore do not have any operations of our own that face cybersecurity threats. However, we do depend on the digital technologies of third parties, as noted in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report. Any sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, systems or infrastructure or the cloud that we utilize, including those of third parties, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. Because of our reliance on the technologies of third parties, we also depend upon the personnel and the processes of third parties to protect against cybersecurity threats, and we have no personnel or processes of our own for this purpose. Our board of directors oversees risk for our Company, and prior to filings with the SEC, our board of directors reviews our risk factors, including the descriptions of the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, as described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report.

companyName: M3-Brigade Acquisition V Corp.

ticker: MBAV


text: Management and Strategy regularly assess risks from cybersecurity threats, monitor our information systems for potential vulnerabilities and test those systems pursuant to our process. Our cybersecurity risk assessment is part of our overall risk management program. We also regularly engage outside consultants to assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats, including those threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. These consultants recommend, implement and monitor systems to protect against cybersecurity threats.

companyName: IMMUCELL CORP /DE/

ticker: ICCC


text: Based on the information available to us through the time of this filing on March 28, 2025, we are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite our cybersecurity risk management processes, there can be no assurance that we, or the third parties with which we interact, will not experience a cybersecurity incident in the future that may materially affect us. Refer to the risk factor captioned "Increasing dependence on the continuous and reliable operation of our information technology systems" under


text: PART I, ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS above for additional description of cybersecurity risks and potential related impacts on the Company.


text: Board of Directors has overall oversight responsibility with respect to our approach to risk management, including risks relating to cybersecurity. Although the Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility for risk oversight, our management team, including our President and CEO, has operational responsibility for cybersecurity matters, including the day-to-day management of our cybersecurity risks, and oversees processes for the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of any cybersecurity incidents. While our management team does not have cybersecurity expertise, we coordinate with expert consultants to assess and manage risks. Our Board of Directors reviews cybersecurity threats and risk controls at quarterly meetings based on information provided by management and outside consultants.


text: Risk Management and Strategy recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud, extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws. Identifying and assessing cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management systems and processes. Our integration involves regular, systematic reviews and assessments conducted alongside other operational risks inspections. The findings from these reviews are communicated across relevant departments timely to inform decision-making. We have not engaged outside assessors, consultants, auditors or third parties in connection with such processes. We have processes to oversee and identify such risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of any third-party provider. Such processes include conducting due diligence assessments for all vendors, regularly reviewing vendor security practices, and including cybersecurity performance metrics in our vendor contracts to ensure they comply with our security requirements.

companyName: ENTREPRENEUR UNIVERSE BRIGHT GROUP

ticker: EUBG


text: We are a holding company and our operations are conducted substantially in China by our China subsidiary. Our PRC subsidiary, the main operating entity of ours, has implemented comprehensive internal policies and measures on protection of cyber security, data privacy and personal information to make sure its compliance with relevant PRC laws and regulations. The main internal policies and measures are as follows: for customer data processing, our PRC subsidiary deploys the access control mechanism on the server side, adopts the principle of minimum authorization for the staff who may contact end users' personal data; our PRC subsidiary's operating systems and database systems have password complexity requirements; (iii)


text: PRC subsidiary has established Information Security Committee and appoints the CEO, Mr. Guolin Tao to be the head of the committee;


text: our PRC subsidiary has formulated a cybersecurity contingency plan and will conduct training and safety drills every year in preparation for any emergency cybersecurity incidents; and our PRC subsidiary has established data privacy policies to ensure that its collection of data is conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and that the collection is for legitimate purposes as set out in its agreements.


text: compliance with PRC laws and regulations with respect to data security in all material aspects, we have implemented comprehensive internal policies and measures on protection of cyber security, data privacy and personal information as listed above.


text: In addition, while we take various measures to comply with all applicable data privacy and protection laws and regulations, there is no guarantee that our current security measures and those of our third-party service providers may always be adequate for the protection of our customer, employee or company data; and like all companies, we have experienced data incidents from time to time. In addition, given the size of our customer base and the types and volume of personal data on our system, we may be a particularly attractive target for computer hackers, foreign governments or cyber terrorists. Unauthorized access to our proprietary internal and customer data may be obtained through break-ins, sabotage, breach of our secure network by an unauthorized party, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, employee theft or misuse, breach of the security of the networks of our third-party service providers, or other misconduct.


text: Because the techniques used by computer programmers who may attempt to penetrate and sabotage our proprietary internal and customer data change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. Unauthorized access to our proprietary internal and customer data may also be obtained through inadequate use of security controls. Any of such incidents may harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, we may be subject to negative publicity about our security and privacy policies, systems, or measurements from time to time.


text: Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches, cyber-attacks or other unauthorized access to our systems or disclosure of our customers' data, including their personal information, could result in loss or misuse of such data, interruptions to our service system, diminished customer experience, loss of customer confidence and trust, impairment of our technology infrastructure, and harm our reputation and business, resulting in significant legal and financial exposure and potential lawsuits and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, any violation of the provisions and requirements under relevant laws and regulations with respect to cyber security, data security and personal information protection may subject us to rectifications, warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, suspension of the related business, revocation of licenses, cancellation of qualifications being entered into the relevant credit record or even criminal liabilities.


text: Our board of directors currently does not oversee our cybersecurity program and had delegated the oversight to our PRC subsidiary which established its Information Security Committee headed by our CEO, Mr. Guolin Tao to be the head of the committee. The Information Security Committee meets quarterly to discuss cybersecurity risks and effectiveness and will provide the board of directors occasional updates on the effectiveness of our cybersecurity program.


text: Guolin Tao will monitor the engineers responsible for the cybersecurity program to monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Such engineers will keep Mr. Guolin Tao informed of relevant developments related to cybersecurity.


text: Mr. Tao brings more than 20 years of professional experience in business consultation, operations, and management, with a focus on the marketing industry.


text: In addition, Mr. Tao graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Beijing Institute of Technology and holds an MBA from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. This combination of education in computer science and business management allows Mr. Tao to oversee our cybersecurity governance.


text: Management and Strategy have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats and integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

companyName: Peraso Inc.

ticker: PRSO


text: We conduct technical risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in our business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. We conduct programmatic risk assessments, including identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks.


text: Following these risk assessments, we evaluate whether and how to re-design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize identified risks; evaluate how to reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards; and regularly monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards. Our Manager of Information Technology, who has over 25 years of information technology experience, and our Chief Operating Officer, who has over 15 years of information technology management experience, manage the risk assessment and mitigation process.


text: As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with human resources, information technology and management. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of our cybersecurity policies through internal communications, training and annual policy updates, and are requested to promptly report any suspected breach of our information systems to management. Additionally, we have implemented annual security training for all employees and staff, which includes targeting the recognition of phishing campaigns.