10-K/A

 UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 FORM 10-K/A

 (Amendment No. 1)

 (Mark One)

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

 OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from
 to

 Commission File Number: 001-39971

 Landos Biopharma, Inc.

 (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 Delaware

 81-5085535

 (State or other jurisdiction of

 incorporation or organization)

 (I.R.S. Employer

 Identification No.)

 P.O. Box 11239

 Blacksburg, Virginia

 24062

 (Address of principal executive offices)

 (Zip Code)

 Registrant's telephone number, including area code: ( 540) 218-2232

 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 Title of each class

 Trading

 Symbol(s)

 Name of each exchange

 on which registered

 Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

 LABP

 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T
 (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
 filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2
 of the Exchange Act.

 Large accelerated filer

 Accelerated filer

 Non-accelerated
 filer

 Smaller reporting company

 Emerging growth company

 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
 Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2
 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
 The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting
 common equity held by non-affiliates
 as of June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based on the closing sale price of $4.207 as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market on that date was $ 5.6 million.
 As of April 15, 2024, the registrant had 3,119,226 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

 EXPLANATORY NOTE

 Landos Biopharma, Inc. ("Landos," "we," "us," "our" or the "Company") is filing this Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment") to amend its Annual Report on Form 10-K
 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (File Number 001-39971)
 (the "Original Form 10-K
 Filing"), as filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 21, 2024, solely for the purpose of amending Items 10 through 14 in Part III and Item 15 in Part IV. The information in Part III was previously omitted from the Original Form 10-K
 Filing in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K,
 which provides that registrants may incorporate by reference certain information from a definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by the report. On March 24, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Bespin Subsidiary, LLC, a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Guarantor ("Parent"), Bespin Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub"), and solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, AbbVie Inc. ("AbbVie" or "Guarantor"), providing for, among other things, our merger with Merger Sub (the "Merger"), with Landos surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. As a result, we do not expect to conduct a 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. See "Agreement and Plan of Merger" below for a description of the Merger Agreement.
 In accordance with, among other things, Rule 12b-15
 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, each item of the Original Form 10-K
 Filing that is amended by the Amendment is also restated in its entirety, and the Amendment is accompanied by a currently dated certification on Exhibits 31.2 by the Company's Chief Executive Officer (because no financial statements have been included in the Amendment and the Amendment does not contain or amend any disclosure with respect to Items 307 and 308 of Regulation S-K,
 paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of the certification have been omitted). The Amendment is being filed to: (i) delete the reference on the cover of the Original Form 10-K
 Filing to the incorporation by reference information from the Company's definitive proxy statement, (ii) revise Part III, Items 10 through 14 of the Original Form 10-K
 Filing to include information previously omitted from the Original Form 10-K
 Filing and (iii) revise the Exhibit Index of the Original Form 10-K
 Filing to reflect the filing of the new certifications.
 No attempt has been made in the Amendment to modify or update the other disclosures presented in the Original Form 10-K
 Filing. The Amendment does not reflect events occurring after the filing of the Original Form 10-K
 Filing or modify or update those disclosures that may be affected by subsequent events, other than as expressly indicated in the Amendment. Accordingly, the Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Form 10-K
 Filing and the Company's other filings with the SEC.
 Agreement and Plan of Merger

 On March 24, 2024, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Parent, Merger Sub, and solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, AbbVie. At the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"):

 (i)

 each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (each, a "Share"), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, but excluding any Share: (i) owned by the Company or any wholly owned subsidiary of the Company as treasury stock or otherwise, (ii) held directly or indirectly by AbbVie, Parent or Merger Sub or any other wholly owned subsidiary of AbbVie or (iii) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time and that is held by a holder who has not voted in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement or consented thereto in writing and is entitled to demand and properly demands appraisal of such Share, as applicable, will be converted automatically into the right to receive (A) $20.42 in cash (the "Closing Amount"), plus (B) one contractual contingent value right (each, a "CVR") representing the right to receive a contingent payment of $11.14 in cash upon the achievement of a specified milestone as set forth in, and subject to the terms and conditions of, a Contingent Value Right Agreement substantially in the form attached as Exhibit D to the Merger Agreement (the "CVR Agreement"), in each case, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes;

 i

 (ii)

 each stock option to acquire Shares (each, a "Company Option") outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, having an exercise price per Share that is less than or equal to the Closing Amount will be cancelled and converted into the right to receive (A) cash in an amount equal to the product of (x) the total number of Shares subject to such Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time, multiplied by (y) the excess of (I) the Closing Amount over (II) the exercise price payable per Share under such Company Option and (B) one CVR for each Share subject to such Company Option, in each case, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes; any Company Option outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, having an exercise price per Share that is greater than the Closing Amount will be cancelled for no consideration and have no further force or effect;

 (iii)

 each outstanding restricted stock unit award of the Company (each, a "Company RSU") outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will fully vest, be cancelled, and convert into the right to receive (A) a lump sum payment of cash in an amount equal to the product of (x) the Closing Amount multiplied by (y) the number of Shares subject to such Company RSU and (B) one CVR for each Share subject to such Company RSU, in each case, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes; and

 (iv)

 each warrant exercisable for Shares (each, a "Company Warrant") outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be deemed to have been exercised in full in a "cashless exercise," pursuant to the Warrant Agreement effective immediately prior to and contingent upon the closing of the Merger, and will be converted automatically into the right to receive (a) an amount in cash equal to the Closing Amount multiplied by (x) the total number of Shares underlying the Company Warrant as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, multiplied by (y)(A)(1) the Closing Sale Price (as defined in that certain Pre-Funded
 Warrant, the form of which is attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 4, 2023, between the Company and purchasers thereto (the "Warrant Agreement")) per share of common stock as of the Trading Day (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) on the date immediately preceding the date on which the closing of the Merger actually occurs (the "Applicable Closing Price") minus (2) the Exercise Price (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) per Share of such Company Warrant, divided by (B) the Applicable Closing Price and (b) a number of CVRs equal to the total number of Shares underlying the Company Warrant as of immediately prior to the Effective Time.

 The transaction is not subject to a financing condition. In addition, Guarantor has provided a guarantee, pursuant to which Guarantor has agreed to guarantee Parent's payments and obligations under the Merger Agreement and the CVR Agreement.
 The consummation of the Merger is subject to certain customary conditions, including: (i) receipt of approval of the Merger and adoption of the Merger Agreement by the Company's stockholders; (ii) receipt of required regulatory approvals or clearances, if any, with respect to certain antitrust laws and (iii) the absence of any law or order prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the Merger.
 The Company has made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement, including certain covenants regarding the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries prior to the Effective Time. The Company will be subject to customary "no-shop"
 restrictions, subject to a "fiduciary out" provision that allows the Company, under certain specified circumstances, to provide information to, and participate in discussions and engage in negotiations with, third parties with respect to an alternative transaction proposal if the board of the Company determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel and outside financial advisor(s), that such alternative acquisition proposal constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute or lead to a superior proposal for an alternative transaction, and that the failure to take such actions would be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of the Company's directors under applicable law.
 The Merger Agreement includes a remedy of specific performance for the parties thereto. The Merger Agreement also contains certain termination rights for each of the Company and Parent and provides that, upon the termination of the Merger Agreement under certain specified circumstances, including (i) termination by the Company to accept, and enter into a definitive agreement with respect to, a superior proposal for an alternative transaction and (ii) termination by Parent due to a change in the recommendation of the Company's board of directors with respect to the Merger Agreement, the Company will be required to pay a termination fee of $7,000,000. The termination fee will also be payable if (1) the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances and (2) a proposal (or intention to make a proposal) to acquire more than 50% of the Company's stock or assets is publicly made or announced (and not subsequently withdrawn) and (3) the Company enters into a definitive agreement for, or completes, any transaction involving the acquisition of more than 50% of its stock or assets within twelve months of such termination.

 ii

 Page

 Item 10.

 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 Item 11.

 Executive Compensation

 Item 12.

 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 Item 13.

 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 Item 14.

 Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 Item 15.

 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

 B OARD
 OF
 D IRECTORS

 The following table sets forth information with respect to our current directors, including their ages as of March 31, 2024. There are no family relationships among any of our directors.

 Name

 Age

 Position(s)

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Alka Batycky

 Chairman and Director

 Tiago Gir o

has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a director since June 2022. He served as President, North America, Vifor Pharma, Inc., and Executive Vice President, Vifor Pharma from September 2020 until November 2021. Mr. Oakes previously served as Corporate Vice President, Global Integration Lead for Otezla
 (apremilast) at Amgen, Inc. from November 2019 to August 2020. Prior to Amgen, Mr. Oakes served as Corporate Vice President and U.S. General Manager at Celgene Corp from July 2017 to November 2019. Mr. Oakes also served as the Global Commercial Integration Lead at Celgene where he helped steer the $74 billion acquisition by Bristol-Myers Squibb and the $13.4 billion divestiture of Otezla
. From January 2010 to July 2017, Mr. Oakes held several positions at Novartis AG, including Senior Vice President, Market Access & Primary Care and as Head of Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, North America. He began his career at Schering-Plough (Merck) where he held executive roles in both the U.S. and Europe. Mr. Oakes served on the board of directors of First Wave BioPharma, Inc. from April 2020 to June 2022. Mr. Oakes holds a bachelor's degree in Marketing and Business Administration from Edinboro University and an MBA from Clemson University. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Oakes is qualified to serve as a director based on his extensive management experience in the biopharmaceutical industry.

has served as a director since March 2022. He has served as Chief Operating Officer at Insmed Incorporated since November 2019. From September 2016 to November 2019, he served as Chief Commercial Officer at Insmed Incorporated. Mr. Adsett holds a B.A. in English and Economics from Bucknell University and an M.B.A from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Adsett is qualified to serve as a director based on his experience as an executive in the global biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry.

 Alka

 Batycky

has served as a director since May 2023. Dr. Batycky served as Chief Development Officer at Finch Therapeutics Group, Inc. from February 2022 until March 2023. From July 2019 to April 2021, she served as Chief Development Officer at Ohana Biosciences, Inc., and from August 2016 to June 2019 she served as the Chief Operating Officer at Akashi Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Batycky holds a B.S. in Toxicology and Pharmacology as well as a Ph. D. in Toxicology from the University of London, School of Pharmacy. Our board of directors believes that Dr. Batycky is qualified to serve as a director because of her experience as an executive in the life sciences industry.

has served as a director since August 2021. Mr. Callori has served as a director for Astria Therapeutics, Inc. since January 2021. Mr. Callori has also served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Development at Xontogeny, LLC, a life sciences accelerator, since September 2017. In addition, Mr. Callori serves as a partner in the Perceptive Xontogeny Venture Funds, a position he has held since December 2019. Prior to Xontogeny and Perceptive, from 1998 to August 2017, Mr. Callori was a partner in the Life Science and Emerging Companies practices of Choate, Hall & Stewart LLP. Mr. Callori holds a J.D. from Boston University School of Law and a B.A. in Economics from Binghamton University. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Callori is qualified to serve as a director because of his experience in the life sciences industry and his corporate governance experience.

has served as a director since September 2017 and has served as our Chairman since November 2021. He founded Xontogeny in June 2016 and serves as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Garabedian also serves as Portfolio Manager at Perceptive Advisors, a position he has held since May 2017. He previously served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. from January 2011 to March 2015, as well as a member of the board of directors from June 2010 to March 2015. Mr. Garabedian earned a B.S. in Marketing from the University of Maryland. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Garabedian is qualified to serve as a director based on his extensive management experience in the biopharmaceutical industry.

 Tiago Gir o

has served as a director since April 2021. Mr. Gir o has served as Chief Financial Officer of Roivant Sciences Companies since April 2019. Mr. Gir o has more than 20 years of experience in accounting, finance, and operations of U.S. and global private and public companies. Previously, Mr. Gir o served as the Chief Financial Officer of Cytori Therapeutics Inc. from September 2014 to March 2019 and served as a Vice President of Finance from September 2014 to January 2019 and as a Senior Vice President of Operations from February 2019 to March 2019. Mr. Gir o holds a degree in accounting from Universidade de Fortaleza. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Gir o is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive financial experience in the life sciences industry.

has served as a director since May 2021. He also served as our President and Chief Executive Officer from November 2021 to June 2022. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. from December 2012 to May 2021 and served on the board of directors of Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. from February 2010 to May 2021. Mr. Mayleben has served as a member of the board of directors of Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. since December 2008, and has served as the Lead Independent Director since November 2022 and previously served in this role from 2017 to February 2019. He previously served as a member of the board of directors of Loxo Oncology, Inc. from July 2015 until its acquisition by Eli Lilly in February 2019. Mr. Mayleben earned an M.B.A., with distinction, from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University, and a B.B.A. from the University of Michigan, Ross School of Business. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Mayleben is qualified to serve as a director based on his experience as an executive in the life sciences industry.

 Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

 The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors was established by the Board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act to oversee the Company's corporate accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs several functions. The principal duties and responsibilities of our Audit Committee include, among other things:

 •

 selecting a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements;

 •

 helping to ensure the independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm;

 •

 discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, our interim and year-end
 operating results;

 •

 developing procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters;

 •

 reviewing our policies on risk assessment and risk management;

 •

 reviewing related party transactions;

 •

 obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firm, at least annually, that describes its internal quality-control procedures, any material issues with such procedures and any steps taken to deal with such issues when required by applicable law; and

 •

 approving (or, as permitted, pre-approving)
 all audit and all permissible non-audit
 services, other than de minimis non-audit
 services, to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.

 The Audit Committee is currently composed of three

directors: Tiago Gir o, Roger Adsett and Alka Batycky, with Mr. Gir o serving as chair.

The Audit Committee met five

times during fiscal year 2023. The Board has adopted a written Audit Committee charter that is available to stockholders

on our website at www.landosbiopharma.com

.

 The Board of Directors reviews the Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq") listing standards definition of independence for Audit Committee members on an annual basis. Our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Gir o and Adsett and Dr. Batycky meet the independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Rule 10A-3
 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. Each member of our audit committee can read and understand fundamental financial statements in accordance with Nasdaq audit committee requirements. In arriving at this determination, the board has examined each audit committee member's scope of experience and the nature of their prior and/or current employment..

 The Board of Directors has also determined that Mr. Gir o qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert," as defined in applicable SEC rules.

The Board made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Gir o's level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his formal education and previous and current experience in financial and accounting roles.

 Code of Ethics

 The Company has adopted the Landos

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all officers, directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at www.landosbiopharma.com

.

If the Company makes any substantive amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grants any waiver from a provision of the Code to any executive officer or director, the Company will promptly disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on its website.

 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

 The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our current executive officers, including their ages as of March 31, 2024. There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers.

 Name

 Age

 Position

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 Fabio Cataldi

 Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

 The biography of Mr. Oakes is set forth above under "Board of Directors."

 Fabio Cataldi

has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer since September 2022. Dr. Cataldi has over twenty years of diverse and extensive experience in medicine and drug development in the United States and Italy. He most recently served as Vice President and Therapeutic Area Head of Gastroenterology at Arena Pharmaceuticals from June 2019 until August 2022. Prior to joining Arena Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Cataldi served as Team Lead of Gastroenterology and Immunology in Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development at AbbVie from August 2017 to June 2019. Previously, Dr. Cataldi worked at Shire as Vice President of Clinical Development in Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology from July 2015 until July 2017. Dr. Cataldi holds an MD from the Second University of Naples (SUN) in Medicine and Surgery.

 Item 11. Executive Compensation.

 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 This section provides a summary of the compensation of our "named executive officers," who are the three executive officers listed in the "Summary Compensation Table" below. In addition to presenting quantitative compensation information in the tables below, this section also provides a qualitative description of the material factors helpful to an understanding of such data.

 Summary Compensation Table

 The following table sets forth information regarding compensation awarded to, earned by and paid to our named executive officers with respect to the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 Name and principal position

 Year

 Salary

 ($) (4)

 Bonus

 ($)

 Stock

 awards

 ($) (5)

 Option

 awards

 ($) (5)

 Non-equity

 incentive

 plan

 compensation

 ($) (6)

 All other

 compensation

 ($) (7)

 Total ($)

 Gregory Oakes (1)

 2023

 612,667

 —

 129,995

 422,740

 9,900

 1,175,302

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 2022

 320,769

 150,000

 956,872

 324,900

 9,000

 1,761,541

 Fabio Cataldi (2)

 2023

 460,542

 50,000

 (8)

 102,398

 50,461

 211,849

 9,900

 885,150

 Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

 2022

 148,458

 —

 —

 257,840

 66,507

 4,454

 477,259

 Patrick Truesdell (3)

 2023

 288,219

 —

 36,852

 27,237

 —

 121,437

 (9)

 473,745

 Former Vice President, Controller and

 Principal Accounting Officer

 2022

 197,885

 —

 —

 54,657

 65,191

 4,500

 322,233

 (1)

 Mr. Oakes' service with us as Chief Executive Officer commenced in June 2022.

 (2)

 Dr. Cataldi's service with us commenced in September 2022.

 (3)

 Mr. Truesdell's service with us commenced in May 2022. Mr. Truesdell resigned as our Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer effective November 10, 2023.

 (4)

 Each named executive officer's base salary is a fixed component of annual compensation for performing specific duties and functions and has been established by taking into account each individual's roles, responsibilities, skills and expertise. For Mr. Truesdell, the amount also includes accrued and unused vacation time paid at termination.

 (5)

 In accordance with SEC rules, the amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the option awards determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. See "—Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2023." The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant factors and assumptions incorporated in the Black-Scholes-Merton model used to estimate the value of the options are described in Note 6 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 (6)

 Represents a performance-based bonus awarded based upon the achievement of individual and company performance goals and conditions at our company as determined by our board of directors. See "—Agreements with our Named Executive Officers and Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment—Non-Equity
 Incentive Plan Compensation."

 (7)

 Except as noted, represents employer contributions to retirement plans. Amounts shown reflect corrections to previously reported amounts to such named executive officer's all other compensation for fiscal year 2022.

 (8)

 Amount represents a retention bonus paid in 2023 in accordance with Dr. Cataldi's offer letter. See "—Agreements with our Named Executive Officers and Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment—Offer Letter with Dr. Cataldi."

 (9)

 In addition to the amounts described in footnote (7) above, this amount includes $113,463 in separation-related payments as described below in "—Agreements with our Named Executive Officers and Potential Payments upon Termination of Employment— Agreements with Mr. Truesdell." The Company provided Mr. Truesdell with severance benefits consistent with those contemplated by his severance agreement, effective December 8, 2022 and as described below. Pursuant to such severance agreement, we agreed to pay (i) Mr. Truesdell's base salary for the four-month period following the separation date of November 10, 2023, totaling $103,333 and (ii) payment of COBRA premiums for a period of up to four months totaling $10,130.

 Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2023

 The following table sets forth certain information about outstanding equity awards granted to our named executive officers that were outstanding as of December 31, 2023. All share numbers, share prices and exercise prices have been adjusted to reflect our May 2023 reverse stock split.

 Option Awards (1)

 Stock Awards (1)(2)

 Name

 Grant Date

underlying
unexercised
options (#)
exercisable

underlying
unexercised
options (#)
unexercisable

 Option
exercise
price
per
share
($)

 Option
expiration
date

 Number
of
shares
or units
of stock
that
have
not
vested
(#)

 Market
value of
shares of
units of
stock
that have
not
vested
($) (3)

 06/20/2022

 62,903

 104,821

 (4)

 7.90

 06/19/2032

 02/28/2023

 47,529

 (5)

 3.70

 02/27/2033

 Fabio Cataldi

 09/05/2022

 12,501

 27,498

 (6)

 8.90

 09/04/2032

 02/28/2023

 18,449

 (5)

 3.70

 02/27/2033

 27,675

 101,291

 Patrick Truesdell

 05/03/2022

 3,562

 5,438

 (7)

 8.70

 06/10/2024

 02/28/2023

 9,960

 (5)

 3.70

 06/10/2024

 9,960

 36,454

 (1)

 All of the awards listed in this table were granted under our 2019 Plan.

 (2)

 The shares underlying these restricted stock unit ("RSUs") vest as to 66 2/3% of the shares underlying the RSU on the second anniversary of the date of grant and shall vest as to 33 1/3% of the shares underlying the RSU on the third anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the recipient's continuous service with the Company on each such date.

 (3)

 The market value is based on the closing price of our common stock as of December 29, 2023 of $3.66 per share.

 (4)

 The shares subject to this award vest and become exercisable over a four-year period commencing on June 20, 2022, with 25% of the option vesting on June 20, 2023 and the remaining 75% vesting in equal monthly installments over the thirty-six
 months thereafter.

 (5)

 The shares subject to this award vest and become exercisable over a four-year period commencing on February 28, 2023, with 25% of the option vesting on February 28, 2024 and the remaining 75% vesting in equal monthly installments over the thirty-six
 months thereafter.

 (6)

 The shares subject to this award vest and become exercisable over a four-year period commencing on September 5, 2022, with 25% of the option vesting on September 5, 2023 and the remaining 75% vesting in equal monthly installments over the thirty-six
 months thereafter.

 (7)

 The shares subject to this award vest and become exercisable over a four-year period commencing on May 3, 2022, with 25% of the option vesting on May 3, 2023 and the remaining 75% vesting in equal monthly installments over the thirty-six
 months thereafter.

 Agreements with our Named Executive Officers and Potential Payments upon Termination of Employment

 Employment Agreement with Mr. Oakes

 In connection with his appointment as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Mr. Oakes and the Company entered into an employment agreement, effective as of June 20, 2022 (the "Oakes Agreement").

 Under the terms of the Oakes Agreement, Mr. Oakes will receive an initial annual base salary of $600,000 and will be eligible to receive an annual performance bonus with a target of 60% of Mr. Oakes' then-current base salary. Any actual annual performance bonus amount will be based upon our Board's good faith assessment of Mr. Oakes' and his attainment of individual and corporate performance goals, as established by the Board in its reasonable discretion but with input from Mr. Oakes, and Mr. Oakes' continued service through the date any such bonus is paid. Mr. Oakes is also eligible to receive a retention bonus, subject to specific terms and conditions set forth in the Oakes Agreement (the "Retention Bonus"). In accordance with the Oakes Agreement, Mr. Oakes was granted an option to purchase 1,677,251 shares of common stock with an exercise price equal to the closing price of our common stock on June 17, 2022. 25% of the shares subject to the option shall vest on the one-year
 anniversary of the date of grant and the remaining shares shall vest in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter, subject to Mr. Oakes' continued service. Mr. Oakes also entered into a confidentiality, inventions assignment, non-competition
 and non-solicitation
 agreement.
 Pursuant to the terms of the Oakes Agreement, Mr. Oakes' employment is at will and may be terminated at any time by us or Mr. Oakes.

 If we terminate Mr. Oakes' employment without "Cause," or if Mr. Oakes terminates his employment for "Good Reason" (each, as defined in the Oakes Agreement) at any time except on or within twelve (12) months following the effective date of a Corporate Transaction, as defined in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (such period, the "Corporate Transaction Measurement Period"), Mr. Oakes will be eligible to receive (i) severance payments, in the form of salary continuation, in an amount equal to 12 months of his then-current base salary, (ii) payment of COBRA premiums for a period of up to 12 months, (iii) eligibility to receive a bonus for the prior calendar year if no bonus has been paid at the time of termination (the "Completed Year Bonus"); (iv) an additional payment equivalent to the pro rata portion of Mr. Oakes' current year target bonus, prorated to reflect the partial year of service (the "Pro Rata Bonus"); (v) forgiveness of his obligation to repay the Retention Bonus, if applicable; and (vi) accelerated vesting of all outstanding unvested time-based equity awards that would have become vested during the 12 months following the termination date.

 If we terminate Mr. Oakes' employment without Cause or if Mr. Oakes terminates his employment for Good Reason during the Corporate Transaction Measurement Period, Mr. Oakes will be eligible to receive (i) a lump sum severance payment in an amount equal to 18 months of his then-current base salary, (ii) payment of COBRA premiums for a period of up to 18 months, (iii) eligibility for the Completed Year Bonus; (iv) the Pro Rata Bonus; (iv) forgiveness of his obligation to repay the Retention Bonus, if applicable; and (v) 100% accelerated vesting of all outstanding unvested time-based equity awards as of the termination date.

 The severance benefits described above are conditioned upon Mr. Oakes executing and making effective and irrevocable a separation agreement that includes a general release as well as his compliance with certain non-competition,
 non-solicitation,
 non-disparagement
 and non-disclosure
 obligations, resignation from all positions with our company and return of all company property.
 Offer Letter with Dr. Cataldi

 We entered into an offer letter agreement with Dr. Cataldi in September 2022. Pursuant to his offer letter, Dr. Cataldi is entitled to an initial annual base salary of $455,000, an annual performance bonus with a target of 40% of Dr. Cataldi's then-current base salary and certain severance benefits, as described below. Any actual annual performance bonus amount that Dr. Cataldi earned will be based upon our Board's good faith assessment of him and his attainment of individual and corporate performance goals, as established by the Company in its reasonable discretion and Dr. Cataldi's continued service through the date any such bonus is paid. Dr. Cataldi's offer letter also entitled him to a retention bonus in the amount of $50,000, which was advanced in a lump sum on January 1, 2023, which such retention bonus Dr. Cataldi would have been required to repay if his employment with our company ended for any reason on or before January 1, 2024. Dr. Cataldi is eligible to participate in the employee benefit plans generally available to our employees, and is subject to customary confidentiality covenants. Pursuant to the terms of the offer letter, Dr. Cataldi's employment is at will and may be terminated at any time by us or Dr. Cataldi.

 Severance Agreement with Dr. Cataldi

 We have entered into a severance agreement with Dr. Cataldi, effective September 5, 2022 (the "Cataldi Severance Agreement"). Pursuant to the Cataldi Severance Agreement, if we terminate Dr. Cataldi's employment without "Cause" or if Dr. Cataldi terminates his employment for "Good Reason" (each as defined in the Cataldi Severance Agreement) at any time, Dr. Cataldi will be eligible to receive severance payments, in the form of salary continuation, in an amount equal to 12 months of his then-current base salary. In addition, if we terminate Dr. Cataldi's employment without Cause or if Dr. Cataldi terminates his employment for Good Reason at any time during the 12 months following the effective date of a Corporate Transaction, as defined in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, Dr. Cataldi will be eligible to receive 100% accelerated vesting of all outstanding unvested time-based equity awards as of the termination date.

 The severance benefits described above are conditioned upon Dr. Cataldi executing and making effective and irrevocable a separation agreement that includes a general release as well as his compliance with certain non-competition,
 non-solicitation,
 non-disparagement
 and non-disclosure
 obligations, resignation from all positions with our company and return of all company property.
 Non-Equity
 Incentive Plan Compensation

 We seek to motivate and reward our executives for achievements relative to our corporate goals and expectations for each fiscal year. Each of our named executive officers is eligible to receive an annual performance bonus based on the achievement of Company-wide annual performance goals as determined by our board of directors upon recommendation by our Compensation Committee, and upon individual performance. For 2023, these goals included research and clinical objectives and corporate objectives. Each named executive officer is assigned a target bonus expressed as a percentage of his base salary. The target bonus amounts for Mr. Oakes and Dr. Cataldi for 2023 were set at 60% and 40%, respectively. In February 2024, the Compensation Committee determined that the 2023 corporate goals were achieved at 119% and approved individual performance achievement payouts for each of Mr. Oakes and Dr. Cataldi in the amounts reflected in the "Non-Equity
 Incentive Plan Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table above.

 Agreements with Mr. Truesdell

 We entered into a severance agreement Mr. Truesdell, effective December 8, 2022 (the "Truesdell Severance Agreement"). Pursuant to the Truesdell Severance Agreement, upon termination of Mr. Truesdell's employment without "Cause" (as defined in the Truesdell Severance Agreement), Mr. Truesdell was eligible to receive (i) severance payments, in the form of salary continuation, in an amount equal to four months of his then-current base salary, (ii) payment of COBRA premiums for a period of up to four months, and (iii) a bonus for the prior calendar year if no bonus had been paid at the time of termination. In addition, upon termination of Mr. Truesdell's employment without Cause at any time during the 12 months following the effective date of a Corporate Transaction, as defined in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, Mr. Truesdell was eligible to receive accelerated vesting of all outstanding unvested time-based equity awards that would have become vested during the six months following the termination date.

 The severance benefits described above were conditioned upon Mr. Truesdell executing and making effective and irrevocable a separation agreement that included a general release as well as his compliance with certain non-competition,
 non-solicitation,
 non-disparagement
 and non-disclosure
 obligations, resignation from all positions with our company and return of all company property.
 Mr. Truesdell's employment with the Company as its Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer ended effective November 10, 2023. We entered into a transition agreement with Mr. Truesdell on September 15, 2023 (the "Truesdell Transition Agreement"). Pursuant to the Transition Agreement, Mr. Truesdell agreed to remain actively employed with us until his separation date of November 10, 2023 (the "Separation Date"), at which time, and subject to continued compliance with his ongoing obligations to the Company, he became eligible to receive severance benefits in accordance with the Truesdell Severance Agreement described above. Additionally, in the Truesdell Transition Agreement, Mr. Truesdell agreed to cooperate with the Company in the orderly transition of his work for the four month period following the Separation Date (the "Cooperation Period"), during which time Mr. Truesdell was deemed to remain in Continuous Service (as defined in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan) such that his rights to exercise any vested options remained as set forth under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to his continued compliance with ongoing obligations during the Cooperation Period. In addition, the Truesdell Transition Agreement provided that Mr. Truesdell was eligible to receive an additional six months of accelerated vesting in the event of a Corporate Transaction (as defined in the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan) during the Cooperation Period. No such Corporate Transaction occurred during Mr. Truesdell's Cooperation Period.

 Retirement Benefits and Other Compensation

 Our named executive officers were eligible to participate in our employee benefits, including health insurance and group life insurance benefits, on the same basis as our other employees. We maintain an employee savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code covering all eligible employees. We have elected to make non-elective
 contributions totaling to 3% of an eligible employee's gross salary. Our named executive officers received 3% non-elective
 contributions once the plan became active in 2020. We generally do not provide other perquisites or personal benefits except in limited circumstances, and we did not provide any such perquisites or personal benefits to our named executive officers in 2022 or 2023.
 DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

 Non-Employee
 Director Compensation

 Non-Employee
 Director Compensation Policy

 Our board of directors adopted a non-employee
 director compensation policy, effective March 30, 2021, pursuant to which each of our directors who is not an employee or consultant of our company is eligible to receive compensation for service on our board of directors and committees of our board of directors.
 Each eligible director receives an annual cash retainer of $45,000 for serving on our board of directors, and the independent chairperson of the board of directors receives an additional annual cash retainer of $30,000 for his or her service. The chairperson of the audit committee of our board of directors is entitled to additional annual cash retainer of $20,000, the chairperson of the compensation committee of our board of directors is entitled to additional annual cash retainer of $15,000 and the chairperson of the nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors is entitled to additional annual cash retainer of $10,000. The members of the audit committee are entitled to an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000, the members of the compensation committee of our board of directors are entitled to additional annual cash retainer of $7,500 and the members of the nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors are entitled to an additional annual cash retainer of $5,000; however, in each case such cash retainer is payable only to members who are not the chairperson of such committee.

 In addition, each new eligible director who joins our board of directors will be granted a non-statutory
 stock option to purchase 3,600 shares of our common stock under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, with the shares vesting in 36 equal monthly installments, subject to continued service as a director through the vesting date.
 On the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, each eligible director who continues to serve as a director of our company following the meeting will be granted a non-statutory
 stock option to purchase 1,800 shares of our common stock under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, with the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continued service as a director though the applicable vesting date.
 The exercise price per share of each stock option granted under the non-employee
 director compensation policy will be equal to the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. Each stock option will have a term of ten years from the date of grant, subject to earlier termination in connection with a termination of the eligible director's continuous service with us.
 Director Compensation Table

 The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation earned for service on our board of directors in 2023 by our non-employee
 directors. Compensation information for Gregory Oakes is set forth in "Executive Compensation" above.

 Name

 Fees

 Earned or
Paid in
Cash

 ($)

 Option

 Awards

 ($) (1)(2)

 Total

 ($)

 55,000

 4,293

 59,293

 Alka Batycky

 32,385

 7,953

 40,338

 68,963

 4,293

 73,256

 85,000

 4,293

 89,293

 Tiago Gir o

 72,500

 4,293

 76,793

 52,500

 4,293

 56,793

 (1)

 In accordance with SEC rules, the amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the option awards determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. See Note 6 to the financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 21, 2024 regarding assumptions underlying the value of equity awards.

 (2)

 The following table sets forth the aggregate number of option awards outstanding for each of our directors who is not a named executive officer, as of December 31, 2023.

 Name

Outstanding
Options

 7,200

 Alka Batycky

 3,600

 9,000

 5,400

 Tiago Gir o

 9,000

 32,548

 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of March 31, 2024 by:

 •

 each person or group of affiliated persons, who we know to beneficially own more than five percent (5%) of our outstanding common stock, each of whom we refer to as a five percent (5%) owner;

 •

 each of our named executive officers, including certain former named executive officers;

 •

 each of our current directors; and

 •

 all of our current named executive officers and directors as a group.

 Information given below regarding beneficial owners of more than five percent (5%) of Landos' outstanding capital stock is based solely on information provided by such persons in filings with the SEC on Schedules 13D, 13G and other filings made with the SEC on or before March 31, 2024. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. In addition, the rules include shares issuable pursuant to stock options and other rights to purchase shares of our common stock exercisable within sixty (60) days of March 31, 2024. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.

 Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each of the individuals and entities named in the table below is in care of Corporate Secretary, Landos Biopharma, Inc., PO Box 11239, Blacksburg, Virginia 24062. The information provided in the table is based on our records, information filed with the SEC and information provided to us, except where otherwise noted.

 Shares of

 Common Stock

 Beneficially Owned (1)

 Name of Beneficial Owner

 Number

 Percent

 Greater than 5% Stockholders:

 Entities Affiliated with Perceptive (2)

 1,486,991

 47.7

 %

 Xontogeny, LLC (3)

 309,092

 9.9

 %

 Named Executive Officers and Directors:

 Gregory Oakes (4)

 94,241

 *

 Fabio Cataldi (5)

 22,054

 *

 Patrick Truesdell (6)

 6,615

 *

 Christopher Garabedian (7)

 5,400

 *

 Fred Callori (8)

 8,700

 *

 Tiago Gir o (9)

 9,000

 *

 Roger Adsett (10)

 6,200

 *

 Alka Batycky (11)

 1,200

 *

 Tim M. Mayleben (12)

 32,548

 *

 All current directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)

 179,343

 5.4

 %

 *

 Less than one percent (1%)

 (1)

 This information is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and principal stockholders and Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table and subject to community property laws where applicable, the Company believes that each of the stockholders named in this table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated as beneficially owned. Applicable percentages are based on 3,116,729 shares outstanding on March 31, 2024, adjusted as required by rules promulgated by the SEC.

 (2)

 This information has been obtained from a Schedule 13D/A filed on March 30, 2023 by Perceptive Advisors LLC. The amount reflected in the table has been adjusted to account for one-for-ten

 (1:10) Reverse Stock Split of our outstanding common stock completed on May 25, 2023. As of the filing of the Schedule 13D/A consisted of (a) 7,299,751 shares of common stock held by Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund, Ltd. (b) 5,799,564 shares of common stock held by Perceptive Xontogeny Venture Fund, LP and (c) 1,770,600 shares of common stock held by PX Venture (A), LLC. Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd., Perceptive Advisors LLC and Joseph Edelman have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd. and PX Venture (A), LLC. Perceptive Advisors LLC serves as the investment manager to Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to beneficially own the securities directly held by Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd. Mr. Edelman is the managing member of Perceptive Advisors LLC and may be deemed to beneficially own the securities directly held by Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd. The principal address of Perceptive Advisors LLC is 51 Astor Place, 10th Floor New York, NY 10003.

 (3)

 This information has been obtained from a Schedule 13D/A filed on March 30, 2023 by Xontogeny, LLC. The principal address of Xontogeny, LLC is 240 Newbury Street, Suite 201, Boston, MA 02116.

 (4)

 Consists of 94,241 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Oakes upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (5)

 Consists of 22,054 shares of common stock issuable to Dr. Cataldi upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (6)

 Consists of 6,615 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Truesdell upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (7)

 Consists of 5,400 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Garabedian upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (8)

 Consists of 8,700 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Callori upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (9)

 Consists of 9,000 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Gir o upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (10)

 Consists of 6,200 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Adsett upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (11)

 Consists of 1,200 shares of common stock issuable to Dr. Batycky upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 (12)

 Consists of 32,548 shares of common stock issuable to Mr. Mayleben upon the exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2024.

 E QUITY
 C OMPENSATION
 P LAN
 I NFORMATION

 The following table provides certain information with respect to all of the Company's equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2023.

 Plan Category

 to be issued

 upon

 exercise of

 outstanding

 options,

 warrants

 and rights

 Weighted-

 average

 exercise

 price of

 outstanding

 options,

 warrants

 and rights

 remaining

 available for

 future

 issuance

 under equity

 compensation

 plans

 (excluding

 reflected in

 column (a))

 (a)

 (b)

 (c)

 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

 3,682,513

 (1)

 $

 1.78

 (2)

 733,255

 (3)

 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

 —

 —

 100,000

 Total

 3,682,513

 $

 1.78

 833,255

 (1)

 All such shares were granted under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.

 (2)

 The weighted-average exercise price is calculated solely on the exercise prices of the outstanding options and does not reflect the shares that will be issued upon the vesting of outstanding RSUs, which have no exercise price.

 (3)

 Includes our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, automatically increases on January 1 of each year, continuing through and including January 1, 2029, by the lesser of 5% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or 182,490 shares, or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board of Directors. Pursuant to this provision, we added 155,836 shares of common stock that are available for issuance under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, on January 1, 2024, which is not reflected in the table above. The number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each year, continuing through and including January 1, 2031, by 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board of Directors. Pursuant to this provision, we added 31,167 shares of common stock that are available for issuance under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan on January 1, 2024, which is not reflected in the table above. No shares have been issued under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

 Related-Person Transactions Policy and Procedures

 In February 2021, we adopted a related person transaction policy that sets forth our procedures for the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of related person transactions. For purposes of our policy only, a related person transaction is a transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships, in which we and any related person are, were or will be participants in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to us as an employee or director are not covered by this policy. A related person is any executive officer, director or beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, including any of their immediate family members and any entity owned or controlled by such persons.

 Under the policy, if a transaction has been identified as a related person transaction, including any transaction that was not a related person transaction when originally consummated or any transaction that was not initially identified as a related person transaction prior to consummation, our management must present information regarding the related person transaction to our audit committee, or, if audit committee approval would be inappropriate, to another independent body of our board of directors, for review, consideration and approval or ratification. The presentation must include a description of, among other things, the material facts, the interests, direct and indirect, of the related persons, the benefits to us of the transaction and whether the transaction is on terms that are comparable to the terms available to or from, as the case may be, an unrelated third party or to or from employees generally. Under the policy, we will collect information that we deem reasonably necessary from each director, executive officer and, to the extent feasible, significant stockholder to enable us to identify any existing or potential related-person transactions and to effectuate the terms of the policy. In addition, under our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, our employees and directors have an affirmative responsibility to disclose any transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest. In considering related person transactions, our audit committee, or other independent body of our board of directors, will take into account the relevant available facts and circumstances including:

 •

 the risks, costs and benefits to us;

 •

 the impact on a director's independence in the event that the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity with which a director is affiliated;

 •

 the availability of other sources for comparable services or products; and

 •

 the terms available to or from, as the case may be, unrelated third parties or to or from employees generally.

 The policy requires that, in determining whether to approve, ratify or reject a related person transaction, our audit committee, or other independent body of our board of directors, must consider, in light of known circumstances, whether the transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, our best interests and those of our stockholders, as our audit committee, or other independent body of our board of directors, determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion.

 Certain Related-Person Transactions

 Transactions with Entities Affiliated with Perceptive

 On January 4, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement") with certain entities affiliated with Perceptive, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell to the entities affiliated with Perceptive in a private placement (the "Private Placement") pre-funded
 warrants (the "Pre-Funded
 Warrants") to purchase an aggregate of 3,090,908 shares (the "Warrant Shares") of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Each Pre-Funded
 Warrant has an exercise price of $0.10 per Warrant Share. The purchase price per Pre-Funded
 Warrant was $5.40. The Pre-Funded
 Warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance and will not expire.
 The Pre-Funded
 Warrants issued in the Private Placement provide that the holder of the Pre-Funded
 Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded
 Warrants if such holder, together with its affiliates and any other persons whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the holder for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, would beneficially own in excess of 35.00% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The Warrant Shares will also be subject to certain registration rights under the IRA (defined below).
 The Private Placement closed on January 10, 2023. We received aggregate gross proceeds from the Private Placement of approximately $16.7 million, before deducting $0.1 million of offering expenses paid by us. The following table sets forth the aggregate number of Pre-Funded
 Warrants that entities affiliated with Perceptive purchased in the Private Placement:

 Participants

 Pre-Funded

Warrants

 Aggregate

 purchase

 price ($)

 Entities affiliated with Perceptive (1)

 3,090,908

 16,690,908.60

 (1)

 Affiliates of Perceptive whose securities are aggregated for purposes of reporting share ownership information are Perceptive Xontogeny Venture Fund II, LP and PX Venture (A), LLC. Perceptive is a beneficial owner of greater than 5% of our capital stock and is affiliated with our director Fred Callori.

 On January 10, 2023, as part of the closing of the Private Placement we entered into an amendment (the "IRA Amendment") to the amended and restated investor's rights agreement by and among us and certain of our stockholders dated August 9, 2019 (the "IRA") in order to add certain entities affiliated with Perceptive as parties to the IRA. The IRA Amendment also extended the termination date of the registration rights provided for in the IRA to the earliest to occur of (a) such time as Rule 144 or another similar exemption under the Securities Act is available for the sale of all of such holder's shares without limitation during a three-month period without registration and (b) the fifth anniversary of the IRA Amendment.

 On March 24, 2024, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Parent, Merger Sub, and solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, AbbVie. In connection with the Merger Agreement, we entered into a voting agreement (the "Voting Agreement") with Parent, Xontogeny, LLC and Perceptive Advisors LLC pursuant to which Xontogeny and Perceptive agreed to vote their aggregate shares in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement and approval of the merger at a special meeting of our stockholders.

 Agreement with LianBio Respiratory Limited

 In May 2021, we entered into an exclusive collaboration and license agreement (the "LianBio Agreement"), with LianBio Respiratory Limited (" Lian"), pursuant to which we granted Lian an exclusive license (the "License"), to develop, manufacture and commercialize NX-13
 and omilancor (the "Licensed Technology"). We received an upfront cash payment of $18.0 million in connection with the execution of the LianBio Agreement. In February 2023, we amended the LianBio Agreement to no longer cover the licensing of Licensed Technology relating to omilancor and developmental milestones events were amended to reflect the transfer of Licensed Technology relating to omilancor. Subsequent to the amendment, we are eligible to receive development milestone payments of up to $40.0 million as well as sales milestone payments of up to $105.0 million. We are also eligible to receive tiered low-double-digit
 royalties based on future net sales of NX-13
 in specified territories, subject to reductions in specified circumstances. Lian is a related party to us as a result of an affiliation of a member of our board of directors at the time the LianBio Agreement was executed.
 Founder Transaction

 On February 28, 2023, we entered into an Asset Purchase and Redemption Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Dr. Bassaganya-Riera, our founder and at such time a beneficial owner of greater than 5% of our capital stock, Raquel Hontecillas and certain other stockholders (together the "Purchasers") whereby Purchasers acquired (i) all of our right, title and interest in omilancor (or BT-11),
 LABP-104
 and LABP-111
 and any such derivatives and analogs that target LANCL proteins (together the "Acquired Compounds"), (ii) a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, fully-paid up, royalty-free, exclusive, sublicensable and transferable license grant under the intellectual property rights retained by us and necessary or useful for the development, manufacture and commercialization of the Acquired Compounds, (iii) a royalty agreement providing, among other things, for the payment by us to the Purchasers of a royalty of 2% of all net sales by us of any products containing certain compounds that we will retain following the closing under the Purchase Agreement and (iv) $3,000,000 in cash in exchange for (x) 908,644 shares of our common stock held by the Purchasers and (y) a royalty agreement providing, among other things, for the payment by the Purchasers to us a royalty of 6% of all net sales by the Purchasers of any products containing any of the Acquired Compounds in consideration for the acquired intellectual property rights.
 Employment Arrangements

 We have entered into employment agreements or offer letter agreements with certain of our executive officers. For more information regarding our employment agreements with our named executive officers, see "Executive Compensation—Employment Agreements."

 Indemnification Agreements

 We provide indemnification for our directors and executive officers so that they will be free from undue concern about personal liability in connection with their service to our company. Under our amended and restated bylaws, we are required to indemnify our directors and executive officers to the extent not prohibited under Delaware law. We have also entered into indemnity agreements with our executive officers and directors. These agreements provide, among other things, that we will indemnify the officer or director, under the circumstances and to the extent provided for in the agreement, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as a director, officer or other agent of our company, and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and our amended and restated bylaws.

 I NDEPENDENCE
 OF
 T HE
 B OARD
 OF
 D IRECTORS

 As required under the Nasdaq listing standards, a majority of the members of a listed company's board of directors must qualify as "independent," as affirmatively determined by the board of directors. Our Board of Directors consults with the Company's counsel to ensure that the Board's determinations are consistent with relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the definition of "independence," including those set forth in pertinent listing standards of Nasdaq, as in effect from time to time.

 Consistent with these considerations, after review of all relevant identified transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors, the Board has affirmatively determined that the following six directors are independent directors within the meaning of the applicable Nasdaq listing standards: Roger Adsett, Alka Batycky, Fred Callori, Christopher Garabedian, Tiago Gir o and Tim Mayleben. In making this determination, the Board concluded that none of these directors or nominees for director had a material or other disqualifying relationship with
 the Company.

 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

 The following table represents aggregate fees billed to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 by Ernst & Young LLP, Raleigh, North Carolina (PCAOB ID: 42), the Company's independent registered public accounting firm.

 Fiscal Year Ended December 31,

 2023

 2022

 (in thousands)

 Audit Fees (1)

 $

 $

 Tax Fees (2)

 Total Fees

 $

 $

 (1)

 Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services provided in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements, the review of our quarterly financial statements, and audit services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with regulatory filings.

 (2)

 Tax fees consist of fees for consultation and related matters.

 All fees described above were pre-approved
 by the Audit Committee.
 Pre-Approval
 Policies and Procedures

 The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval
 of audit and non-audit
 services rendered by the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP. The policy generally pre-approves
 specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval
 may also be given as part of the Audit Committee's approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent auditor or on an individual, explicit, case-by-case

 basis before the independent auditor is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval
 of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee's members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

 The Audit Committee has determined that the rendering of services other than audit services by Ernst & Young LLP is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant's independence.

 Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

 Exhibit Index

 Exhibit

 Number

 Description

 3.1

 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2023).

 3.2

 Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2021).

 4.1

 Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 5, 2023).

 4.2

 Description of the Company's Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2021).

 10.1

 Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, by and among the Company and certain of its stockholders, dated August 9, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-252083), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2021).

 10.2+

 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-252083), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021).

 10.3+

 Form of Indemnification Agreement with Executive Officers and Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-252083), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021).

 10.4+

 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-252083), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021).

 10.5+

 Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2021).

 10.6

 Exclusive Collaboration and License Agreement by and between the Company and Lian Respiratory Limited, dated May 14, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 29, 2021).

 10.7^

 Securities Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and the investors that are a party thereto, dated January 4, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 5, 2023).

 10.8

 Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Investor's Rights Agreement, dated January 10, 2023, by and between the Company and the investors that are a party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2023).

 10.9 ^

 Asset Purchase and Redemption Agreement, by and between the Company and the counter parties identified therein, dated February 28, 2023. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023).

 10.10

 First Amendment to License and Collaboration Agreement, by and between the Company and LianBio Respiratory Limited, dated February 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023).

 10.11+

 Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Gregory Oakes, effective as of June 20, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2022).

 10.12+

 Offer Letter by and between the Company and Fabio Cataldi, effective as of September 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023).

 10.13+

 Severance Agreement by and between the Company and Fabio Cataldi, effective as of September 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39971), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2023).

 23.1

 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 23.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 21, 2024).

 31.1

 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 23.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 21, 2024).

 31.2*

 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 32.1##

 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 32.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 21, 2024).

 97.1

 Landos Biopharma, Inc. Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023 filed on March 21, 2024).

 101.INS*

 101.SCH*

 101.CAL*

 101.DEF*

 101.LAB*

 101.PRE*

 104*

 *

 Filed herewith.

 +

 Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

 ##

 These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this annual report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

 Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted because they are not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.

 ^

 Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K.
 A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request.

 SIGNATURES
 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
 of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 LANDOS BIOPHARMA, INC.

 Date: April 16, 2024

 By:

 /s/ Gregory Oakes

 Chief Executive Officer

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 Signature

 Title

 Date

 /s/ Gregory Oakes

 Chief Executive Officer and Director

 (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

 *

 Chairman of the Board of Directors

 *

 *

 Alka Batycky

 *

 *

 Tiago Girao

 *

 * By:

 /s/ Gregory Oakes

 Attorney-in-Fact